#amict

[primepaginequotidiani]

PRIMA PAGINA Metro Perugia di Oggi mercoledì, 18 settembre 2024

[jackhkeynes]

Can I ask about the history of your boral language? Like, how has it evolved over time? What's the worldbuilding behind it?

Absolutely! :D

For a brief introduction to the worldbuilding, check out this introductory I wrote recently. For the language development, this seems like a good opportunity to actually write up my sound change notes from Vulgar Latin to Borlish! Everything below is written from an in-universe perspective.

Sound Changes from Vulgar Latin to Borlish

The dialects of Borlish are the only surviving descendants of the Insular variety of Vulgar Latin, which comprised Borlish Latin and British Latin. This variety was not overly divergent from the contemporary (ca. 3rd to 5th century) Latin of the continent, with the following exceptions:

The loss of intervocalic /w/, as evidenced in inscriptions by e.g. clam "key" (continental clavem) and denio "I reach" (continental devenio).

The loss of wordfinal /s/, probably preceded by a period of debuccalisation where final was pronounced /h/. The dating of this sound change is controversial; cf. fifth-century *a femna* "the women (acc.)" (Classical hās fēminās "these women").

The second of these local changes was grammatically significant, as it weakened the distinctions between forms in noun declensions. Indeed, already by the Old Borlish period all number and case distinctions in nouns have been lost.

Posttonic vowel loss V > ∅ / "VC_CV

Final syllable simplification m > n / _# if stressed m s > ∅ / _# otherwise

e.g. amictate /ˌa.mikˈta.te/ "friendship" < amīcitātem

Palatalisation part 1 [t k]j [d g]j > tʃ dʒ k g > tʃ dʒ / _[i e] k > j / _C except [r l w j]

Fortition w > β /#_ j > dʒ / #_, V_V

e.g. iazo /ˈdʒat.tʃo/ "I lie down" < iaceō

Consonant lenition part 1 p t k b d g s > b d g β ð ɣ z / V_[V m l r n j w]

Palatalisation part 2 nj lj > ɲ ʎ Cj > Cʲ > jC except w or word initially

Final vowels reduce to schwa (unless stressed) V > ə / _# unless stressed

e.g. sabe /ˈsa.bə/ "he knows" < sapit; saibe /ˈsaj.bə/ "I know" < sapiō

Weak consonants lost [β ð ɣ] > ∅ / V_V

Mid-vowels break in stressed open syllables ɛ e ɔ o > je e o ow / stressed open ɛ ɔ > e o / elsewhere

Lenition part 2 p t k b d g > b d g β ð ɣ / V_V C: > C

Loss of much final schwa ə > ∅ / except after consonant clusters

e.g. liei /ljedʒ/ "halt" < Insular laedicum "collision"

Affricate shift tʃ dʒ > ts ʒ

sk palatalises (fills gap with ʒ), β shift sk β > ʃ v

Vowel u is fronted u > y

Mid-vowel rhotic shift e > a / _rC e > i / _r#

Full loss of schwa ə > ∅

Epenthesis before r ∅ > d / [n ɲ]_r ∅ > b / m_r

e.g. cendre /ˈtsen.dr̩/ "ash" < cinerem; puðir /pyˈðir/ "rot" < pūtēre

Vowels become lax in closed syllables i e o y > ɪ ɛ ɔ ʏ / closed syllables

Final consonants devoice b d g v z ð ʒ > p t k f s θ ʃ / _#

l-vocalisation and y-diphthong shift [l y] > w / _[C #]

Front vowels merge in weak position [ɛ ɪ ʏ ɛj] > ɪ / #_sC [ɛ ɪ ʏ] > ɛ / _w[C #]

Diphthong shift part 1 ai ɛi ɪi > e i əj aw ɛw ɔw > o əw u

Palatals and ɣ are lost (regenerating some diphthongs) ɲ ʎ > n l / #_ ɲ ʎ ɣ > jn jl j

e.g. aut /ot/ "had" < awt < ayt < ayd < aud < aˈβu.də < aˈbu.tə < aˈbu.to < Vulgar *habūtus; ismargre /ɪsˈmar.gr̩/ "arise" < ɛjsˈmar.grə < ejsˈmer.grə < ɛksˈmɛr.gre < Vulgar *exmergere

This is the stage, around the turn of the thirteenth century, usually referred to as late Old Borlish:

…sovravnt il deft nostre saȝntaðesem eð atavalesem n iȝ atrevre golfhavn seȝ hamar dont y verb divin ismetre ac povre paian. peðev soul ez font istovent por vn nov cliȝs d istroienz istablir… /soˈvront ɪl dɛwt ˈnostr̩ ˌsajn.taˈðɛsɛm ɛð aˌta.vaˈlɛsɛm nəj aˈtrəwr̩ gɔlfˈhon sej haˈmar dɔnt i vɛrb diˈvɪn ɪsˈme.tr̩ ak ˈpovr̩ paˈʒan ‖ peˈðəw sul ets fɔnt ɪs.toˈvɛnt pɔr yn nu cləjs dɪsˈtrɔjənts is.taˈblɪr/ …uphold our most sacred and ancient duty to let Gulfhaven be the centre from which we will send the Word of God to pagan lands. We ask only for the necessary funds for a new teachinghouse…

Moving into the Middle Borlish period:

Rhotacisation of syllabic l l > r / C_# except [j w]_#

This gives Borlish its signature pairs like capabr "competent"; capablessem "more competent".

Aphæresis of initial isC ɪ > ∅ / #_sC

Like IRL Italian, this means that many words gain an initial vowel only to lose it a millennium later: Latin stannum "tin" > Old Borlish istan "tin" > Modern Borlish stan "tin". However, this process also deletes initial vowels that were there from the start: Latin historia "story" > Old Borlish istoir "story" > Modern Borlish stoir "story".

Break-up of sr clusters and hiatus ∅ > t / s_r ∅ > v / [ɔ o u]_V uv > ov

The second of these rules is particularly interesting, since it regenerates some <v> which had been lost in the time of Insular Latin. For example, Latin novellus "new" had Insular form noellus "new" > Old Borlish noel "new" > Modern Borlish novel "new"

Front rounded vowels are lost y ʏ > i ɪ

This provides Borlish with another of its signature features, namely <u> /i ɪ/: tu /ti/ "you (sg)"; prun /prɪn/ "plum". The loss of front rounded vowels led to some homophonous pairs like lun lin /lɪn/ "moon; flax". In many cases this led to one of the pair falling out of use (in this case the latter was replaced with the competing form linsc).

Voicing of final s s > z / _#

The precise timing of this sound change is hard to determine, since it does not interact with any nearby sound changes. Likely this originated as a sandhi effect before a following vowel-initial word, e.g. tu es un /ti ɛ‿zɪn/ "you are a...", before being extended to all contexts.

Diphthong shift part 2 aj ej ij > ɛj i aj əj əw > aj aw

Borlish's answer to the IRL Great Vowel Shift, these changes are somewhat more modest (and take place a little later, between 1600 and 1800). In combination with the loss of front rounded vowels, however, these changes determine much of Borlish's least intuitive orthographic behaviour. For example, we have muy /maj/ "crumb", where <uy> underwent the changes /yj > ij > aj/.

The previous shift reflects the outcomes in the Damvath Standard dialect of Borlish; these recent changes differ greatly in applicability across the island. We clos with an 1800s sound shift:

Late consonant backing ʃ r > x ʀ

The latter of these appears to be part of a general areal phenomenon of backing rhotics. A single word reflecting both these changes is scuir /xajʀ/ "boy".

[444names]

Names generated out of the entire article on "olivine" from English Wikipedia plus American surnames

Aderanghed Agemps Agney Aleyne Amicted Angeever Apolly Artin Bainey Baing Bairson Bareidge Barly Bauglen Baxwelan Bayleatt Beacect Beall Bectly Belan Belton Benzally Betes Bingens Blantravas Blart Blectiver Blymic Boloa Bolvan Boottion Boydents Braings Brarther Bratt Brice Brisse Bropeanges Brout Buckne Burews Burnart Byrober...

Caffma Caltines Cambse Carle Carty Casing Chamg Charmet Chayalte Cheating Chnso Chroa Clands Clard Clatu Clomber Clown Clucts Cocoover Cocunt Colds Coling Colliong Comartion Combillias Comentanch Comirk Commord Conart Copeasill Coperamste Cortood Cotical Cotough Coverre Coyerter Coylows Crann Crapped Creff Crerriell Cress Crins Crocult Damer Dance Danestio Davainson Daves Dearnson Dencon Dermordez Diale Diney Dinle Disluson Dison Distamb Dixothyo Doman Doverch Drallan Duivelgatu Duizie Duson Dusonry Dymos Ealey Edraguend Eldwite Ellason Ensonarric Equen Equens Eving Exann Exott Faccratiz Fadow Farcenne Farihy Ferrects Fighe Flemer Flogan Flord Flortleste Florto Flownince Flustrutes Fordixon Foreeks Forgesiffy Forterarn Fosson Founastion Foxid Foxyge Fration Frelle Frepedwant Fulank Gayton Gillor Givaudlen Glands Gleed Goles Gomber Gommoodden Gonson Goodwing Gorphick Grandust Grello Grepth Grews Grics Griston Guallistan Gualsole Haler Haming Hamsens Handley Harld Harry Heely Helson Hientley Hinforms Hists Hitts Hoblummet Holmanded Homads Hooltis Hoorasm Hormey Hortion Houghe Hower Hunitt Hyders Igright Imord Inate Incelevill Irker Irrisor Itfick Ittraher Jacter Jares Josal Kerosars Kinate Kines Klesit Klinno Kness Knitficer Kochmoon Lancevikin Larmict Lartz Lawaner Leodrison Lestra Leyerrobs Lichard Lidedivid Linkley Loven Lowellogan Lowlanus Maddelers Mafer Mahers Maldis Manks Martion Mcbricker Mcbry Mccasm Mccatepth Mccomer Mccookeeks Mccurahogy Mccurles Mcdaveron Mcges Mcitead Mcitt Mckes Mcley Mclowlas Medrer Mencese Metes Mictuad Minter Moltin Monpralls Mooder Morketchal Mormining Morphende Morpher Mosench Mosey Moven Mulketant Mulloyer Mundia Murefe Mustriel Nales Namacis Nandence Nater Nates Nerriquez Nicker Nowes Obirkla Occoxidelt Ocelend Octed Ocureer Offitt Ontreff Ourhoweigh Overmirks Overs Papprom Parecomanc Partone Paular Pbnmøred Pbnmøres Peapies Pectray Penzar Perses Pineder Pings Pitnespity Plated Polower Poltenzue Poseen Poslurt Pount Pournea Powalez Poweed Preen Prion Proact Proes Proses Puctie Pures Purniteite Purrid Quage Quivarver Ravis Recte Rectu Reences Reenders Relly Reltone Rhydric Riclantand Ricummer Ridoy Rigralo Rimand Rischart Rited Rizedrid Robrachavi Rocons Rodoxenton Rodymbed Rojacon Rokips Ronan Rosperayer Rowebsures Royce Rucks Salen Samson Sanylempow Saught Saushin Savikim Scasel Scharne Schedry Schmole Sequez Serkerson Sevelps Shaltons Shandric Shence Shens Shodden Sileorett Simer Sines Sitearts Sitfiellow Smildwil Sminolan Sollay Sonstable Spectig Spentrake Sperton Spiclerrey Staffy Stagne Staii Stake Steansott Steral Stewton Stion Stratedot Stren Strid Strize Strosse Suanks Suchely Sughee Sunderner Sunton Surce Surishords Swarson Swellen Syster Tafick Tandles Tatmaya Teptillon Therced Thoods Threes Threr Tondlebra Trading Trobstaii Trucketts Turen Undia Unneidott Upins Usunnel Vages Vallase Vanney Varteon Vings Wagnerry Walde Waratt Warreassed Wation Wationers Watlized Watoss Waymord Webrody Weens Weetilield Welgante Whence Whews Whicevy Whish Whither Whititer Wideber Widez Wilberth Wilez Winsey Witson Wooney Woord Wrons Wyankinic Yanclannm

[divinesleft-a]

Lowkey has anyone been on l/amictal before? I need some advice on these side effects

[lalibrejo]

Antonello de Messine, Saint-Jérôme dans son cabinet de travail - 1474-1475 //  Georges Perec - Espèces d’espaces - 1974

Le cabinet de travail est un meuble de bois posé sur le carrelage d'une cathédrale. Il repose sur une estrade à laquelle on accède par trois marches et comprend principalement six casiers chargés de livres et de divers objets (surtout des boîtes et un vase), et un plan de travail dont la partie plane supporte deux livres, un encrier et une plume, et la partie inclinée le livre que le saint est en train de lire. Tous ses éléments sont fixes, c'est-à-dire constituent le meuble proprement dit, mais il y a aussi sur l'estrade un siège, celui sur lequel le saint est assis, et un coffre.

Le saint s'est déchaussé pour monter sur l'estrade. Il a posé son chapeau de cardinal sur le coffre. Il est vêtu d'une robe rouge (de cardinal) et porte sur la tête une sorte de calotte également rouge. Il se tient très droit sur son siège, et très loin du livre qu'il lit. Ses doigts sont glissés à l'intérieur des feuillets ou bien comme s'il ne faisait que feuilleter le livre, ou bien plutôt comme s'il avait besoin de se reporter souvent à des portions antérieures de sa lecture. Au sommet d'une des étagères, faisant face au saint et très au-dessus de lui, se dresse un minuscule Christ en croix.

Sur un côté des étagères sont fixées deux patères austères dont l'une porte un linge qui est peut-être un amict ou une étole, mais plus vraisemblablement une serviette.

Sur une avancée de l'estrade, se trouvent deux plantes en pots dont l'une est peut-être un oranger nain, et un petit chat tigré dont la position laisse à penser qu'il est en état de sommeil léger. Au-dessus de l'oranger, sur le panneau du plan de travail, est fixée une étiquette qui, comme presque toujours chez Antonello de Messine, donne le nom du peintre et la date d'exécution du tableau.

De chaque côté et au-dessus du cabinet de travail, on peut se faire une idée du reste de la cathédrale. Elle est vide, à l'exception d'un lion qui, sur la droite, une patte en l'air, semble hésiter à venir déranger le saint dans son travail. Sept oiseaux apparaissent dans l'encadrement des hautes et étroites fenêtres du haut. Par les fenêtres du bas, on peut voir un paysage doucement accidenté, un cyprès, des oliviers, un château, une rivière avec deux personnages qui canotent et trois pêcheurs.

L'ensemble est vu d'une vaste ouverture en ogive sur l'appui de laquelle un paon et un tout jeune oiseau de proie posent complaisamment à côté d'une magnifique bassine de cuivre.

L'espace tout entier s'organise autour de ce meuble (et le meuble tout entier s'organise autour du livre) : l'architecture glaciale de l'église (la nudité de ses carrelages, l'hostilité de ses piliers) s'annule : ses perspectives et ses verticales cessent de délimiter le seul lieu d'une foi ineffable; elles ne sont plus là que pour donner au meuble son échelle, lui permettre de s'inscrire : au centre de l'inhabitable, le meuble définit un espace domestiqué que les chats, les livres et les hommes habitent avec sérénité.

[childofgears]

was draugenpunch then materadyne now amictal. hello folks

I know I just changed my url but I don’t know if I’m really vibing with this... I just want one short and sweet but cool

[primepaginequotidiani]

PRIMA PAGINA Metro Torino di Oggi mercoledì, 18 settembre 2024