#amatum

[latinare]

....Why?

Librum Galfridi Monumotensis legens frustra inveni vocabulam meam paulam esse. Desidererat ut eam exercitendo augeam et videlicet facilius est exercitere per modum amatum. Tumblr est mihi amatum! Nescit autem hunc parvulum codicillum tantis fructurum esse!

[heylavellan]

the gender neutral would be amatum (uh mah toom), for anyone curious!

As a Latin enthusiast, I have to remind you of something. While when you say "lover" you can mean both a man and a woman,

the word amatus in Latin is NOT gender neutral.

It is a masculine form of the passive participle of the verb "amare" (to love), while the feminine form is amata. Dorian Pavus calls his lover "amatus" and thus officially declares that his lover is a man. I just want to tell everyone once again that Dorian is a brave man who is not afraid to love his country (considered evil in the South) and to love a man (considered impossible in his own country).

P. S. I know everyone has figured that out in 10 years of the game's existence, I just want to talk about the courage of this man one more time.

[chatelest]

Aliquid Amatum.

I harbor a keen interest in K-pop, J-pop, and Western music, with favorites including Enhypen, TxT, BTS, Wanna One, Day 6, Winner, Paul Kim, Crush, Punch, Shaun, BOL4, Jannabi, IU, Aespa, Newjeans, Ive, Illit, G-Idle, Stayc, G-Friends, Weekly, Everglow, Jannabi, Taylor Swift, Extreme, Maroon 5, Jason Mraz, Drake, Niki, The Weeknd, Metro Boomin, Travis Scott, Lil Wayne, Christoph Andersson, Ne-Yo, Cochise, The Weeknd, Chase Atlantic, Ariana Grande, NIKI, John Legend, Coldplay, OneRepublic, SHAUN, CRUSH, The Beatles, Justin Bieber, Radiohead, Max, Keshi, Ali Gatie, James Arthur, Alani, J. Tajor, Krei, T-Pain, Ludacris, Chris Brown, Sezairi, Justin Bieber, Player Two, William Singe, Lil Wil, Kendrick Lamar, Trey Songz, Jaylon Ashaun, Jack Harlow, 21 Savage, Connor Price, Chase Atlantic, Bruno Mars, One Direction, Jeremih, Diego Gonzales, Paul Partohap, Jamie Miller, Lewis Capaldi, Ed Sheeran, Shawn Mendes, John Legend, Lonestar, Coldplay, OneRepublic, Kenshi Yonezu, Yoasobi, Fujii Kaze, Gen Hoshino, Ai Otsuka, Goose House, Payung Teduh, Sheila on 7, Dewa 19, Juicy Luicy, Classical Music (Beethoven, Mozart, Bach, Vivaldi, Handel, Tchaikovsky, Saint-Saens, Rachmaninov, Brahms, Schubert, Liszt, Faure, Schumann, Dvorak) and many more.

I enjoy watching various types of movies, especially in the genres of thriller, science fiction, fantasy, adventure, action, drama, romance, comedy, and more. I also like watching YouTube channels like Windah Basudara, Nessie Judge, and many other YouTube content creators.

[hybristosart]

San Lucas Evangelista

En lugar de las representaciones que siempre había visto de un hombre en plena adultez, quise dibujarlo en una etapa más jóven de su vida para sentirme más cercano a él

"O ducem noctem sine nocte, noctem

candidae Aurorae face gratiorem!

O bonam, quae me thalamis Amati

sic repraesentas, et Amantem Amato

fibulis casti socias Amoris:

non suam posthac, sed Amati: Amantem

versam in Amatum."

[dustrealms]

Maris from our webcomic “Mare Amatum”

More Info at: www.mare-amatum.com

[ovid-daily]

Today in Ovid's Metamorphoses

Pyramus and Thisbe are torn from each other by a terrible misunderstanding.

dum dubitat, tremebunda videt pulsare cruentum

membra solum, retroque pedem tulit, oraque buxo

pallidiora gerens exhorruit aequoris instar,               135

quod tremit, exigua cum summum stringitur aura.

sed postquam remorata suos cognovit amores,

percutit indignos claro plangore lacertos

et laniata comas amplexaque corpus amatum

vulnera supplevit lacrimis fletumque cruori               140

miscuit et gelidis in vultibus oscula figens

“Pyrame,” clamavit, “quis te mihi casus ademit?

Pyrame, responde! tua te carissima Thisbe

nominat; exaudi vultusque attolle iacentes!”

ad nomen Thisbes oculos a morte gravatos               145

Pyramus erexit visaque recondidit illa.

"'But when after a little while she recognizes her lover, she smites her innocent arms with loud blows of grief, and tears her hair; and embracing the well-beloved form, she fills his wounds with tears, mingling these with his blood. And as she kissed his lips, now cold in death, she wailed: “O my Pyramus, what mischance has reft you from me? Pyramus! Answer me. ’Tis your dearest Thisbe calling you. Oh, listen, and lift your drooping head!” At the name of Thisbe, Pyramus lifted his eyes, now heavy with death, and having looked upon her face, closed them again.'" (Transl. Miller 1915)

[otaharuo]

カクモンキシタバ、Chrysorithrum amatum、8月12日、愛知県

[kiddrolo]

Bitácora

Descubrí el amor de nuevo, hace pocos días.

Ese viaje fue suficiente para ver que no estoy solo en el mundo, aunque ya contaba con tu compañía, necesitaba ese estímulo único que pocas veces sentimos, eso distinto.

Entre charlas en un lugar recóndito ese mes de julio, repleto de estrellas, sereno  y con tus cálidos besos, volví a encontrarte, ¡Cuanto te necesitaba!.

Sé que nunca te fuiste,  ¡Pero cuanto te extrañaba!.

Esos momentos a solas que tanto nos faltaban, por la monotonía y falta de tiempo para nuestro disfrute, vernos, reír, hablar sin preocupaciones, me hizo detenerme a ver que eres tan especial, y yo tan especial contigo! que no puedo ser mas feliz que contigo.

Siento que cada que compartimos esos momentos, reforzamos algo sólido, que crece con mas fuerza, ese querer que tanto forjamos.

Hoy luego de varios días de ese momento deseo volver el tiempo atrás para volver a disfrutarte, volver a disfrutarnos, como ese martes estrellado, o ese miércoles gélido, donde nos volvimos uno entre risas , charlas y cenas únicas.

Luego de reencontrarnos volví al clímax, el resto, es final feliz.

Est oculo gratum speculari semper amatum

Kidd.

[carlainanutshell]

mi fanzine del amor: amare, amavi, amatum

[peirates]

Photo taken from [Baalbek Roman Temple]

Latin was originally spoken by an eponymous group of ancient Italians. One of these Latin cities, the Romans, spread the language by conquering all of Italy, later the Mediterranean, then much of Europe and the Middle East. Although rarely spoken now, it is the mother of all Romance languages and contributes to about a third of English vocabulary. Its influence has since spread across the world through European imperialism; there are few places left that are completely unaffected by the Romans’ language and culture.

This particular post serves as both a beginner’s guide and a taster to what Latin is, with some common vocabulary along the way. Especially since many people are currently stuck at home due to Covid-19, and may like to stay occupied by learning a new language. Hope you enjoy!

N.B. Anything beginning with an asterisk (*) means that you may hear differently elsewhere, for example on Duolingo.

General

Latin is fundamentally a very difficult language, even for academics, and even if your native tongue is Romance. But I am not saying not to try, I am saying it is normal to struggle! 

All ‘U’s were then written as ‘V’s, and all ‘J’s as ‘I’s. Modern Latin-learning tends to replace some ‘V’s with ‘U’s in order to facilitate reading. We have lost the exact pronunciations of classical Latin, not to mention differences between dialects, but the following explanations are some of the strongest estimates.

*‘V’ should be normally pronounced as /ʍ/, when between consonants as /u/. 

*A standalone ‘I’ before another vowel becomes /j/ or /dʒ/.

Iuppiter servum in exilium pepulit. 

[ Ivppiter servvm in exilivm pepvlit. ]

[ Yoo-pi-ter ser-woom in e-xi-li-oom pe-poo-lit. ]

Jupiter drove the slave into exile.

Iuppiter, Iovis (3, m.) - Jupiter, king of the gods servus, servi (2, m.) - slave  in + acc. - into, to  exilium, exilii (2, n.) - exile  pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsum (3) - drive out, push, repel 

Latin generally follows a SOV (subject, object, verb) sentence structure:

rex regnum amat.

The king loves his kingdom.

rex, regis (3, m.) - king regnum, regni (2, n.) - kingdom; power  amo, amare, amavi, amatum (1) - love, like

There are no definite or indefinite articles (a/the) - normally, you must add them to your translation yourself depending on the context. There are relative pronouns (e.g. qui/quae/quod - who, which), demonstrative pronouns (e.g. hic/haec/hoc - this; he/she/it) and many other pronouns/determiners, but they are not required for every sentence.

*Unlike English, you do not capitalise the sentence’s first letter UNLESS that first letter is part of a name.

Most meanings are conveyed via changes in word endings (i.e. it relies on conjugating and declining) rather than word order. This makes Latin an inflected language.

Nouns

While English uses word order to show how nouns and adjectives relate to a situation, Latin uses endings and cases from different declensions to do the same. Latin uses 7 cases, but 2 of them (vocative and locative) are rarer.

nominative (nom.) - subject

vocative (voc.) - addressee: often follows ‘o’

accusative (acc.) - object

genitive (gen.) - possessor (of/‘s)

dative (dat.) - recipient (to/for)

ablative (abl.) - movement away (from) / instrumental (by/with) / location (at/in)

locative (loc.) - location (at/in)

Here’s an example with all 7 in action:

pater, o Attice, donum Iovis matri cum comite Romae dedit.

Atticus, my father gave Jupiter’s gift to my mother with his comrade in Rome.

pater, patris (3, m.) - father donum, doni (2, n.) - gift, present  mater, matris (3, f.) - mother  cum + abl. (only used for people) - with  comes, comitis (3, m/f.) - companion, comrade, partner Roma, Romae (1, f.) - Rome do, dare, dedi, datum (1) - give; surrender, hand over

Noun endings change in case, gender and number. There are three genders: masculine (m.), feminine (f.), and neuter (n.). The two grammatical numbers are singular (sg.) and plural (pl.). A noun will abide by the endings of one of five possible declensions.

In dictionaries, like above, you will see a noun given as ‘nominative, genitive (declension, gender) - English meaning’. The genitive is always featured because it is the only case whose ending is specific to its own declension (other endings may be seen across declensions but have different cases each time). Therefore, if you know what a noun’s genitive is, you know what declension it is, and vice versa. 

Adjectives

An adjective agrees with its related noun in case, gender and number. However, they do not always have the same endings; all adjectives decline as either 2nd m. / 1st / 2nd n. (also seen as 2-1-2) or 3rd. 

Here, every adjective agrees with the adjacent noun in case, gender and number, but none has the same ending:

omnis puella, mulier pulchra, homo sapiens, puer stultus

every girl, the beautiful woman, the wise man, a foolish boy

omnis, omne (3) - every, all; whole puella, puellae (1, f.) - girl mulier, mulieris (3, f.) - woman pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum (2-1-2) - beautiful, handsome homo, hominis (3, m.) - man; human being sapiens, sapientis (3) - wise, knowing puer, pueri (2, m.) - boy stultus, stulta, stultum (2-1-2) - stupid, foolish

N.B. With exceptions, most Latin adjectives follow the noun.

However, that is not to say that nouns and adjectives can never have the same endings. They often do: Roman writers used this frequently as a literary device known as homoioteleuton.

equus magnus, feminae parvae, homines sapientes, dona laeta

a big horse, little women, wise men, the happy gifts

equus, equi (2, m.) - horse magnus, magna, magnum (2-1-2) - big, great, large femina, feminae (1, f.) - woman parvus, parva, parvum (2-1-2) - little, small laetus, laeta, laetum (2-1-2) - happy, cheerful, blessed

Sometimes you see an adjective without a noun. When this happens, translate the adjective as an adjective AND a noun:

fortis horrenda diu passus est.

The brave man suffered horrible things for a long time.

fortis, forte (3) - brave, strong, bold horrendus, horrenda, horrendum (2-1-2) - horrible, terrible, horrendous diu (adv.) - for a long time patior, pati, passus sum (3, deponent) - suffer, endure; allow, permit

N.B. horrenda is in the accusative neuter plural, hence ‘things’. 

Verbs

The doers of verbs are shown by verb endings, unlike English which requires personal pronouns. Nominative personal pronouns can support a verb in Latin, but they are not required. They are best used to show contrast, unity or general emphasis - as if someone were pointing a finger at you - and this is why they are not seen often. Both sentences below are grammatically correct, but the second flows better:

ego dormire amo, tu dormire amas, nos amici apti sumus.

dormire amo, dormire amas, amici apti sumus.

I like to sleep, you like to sleep, we are suitable friends.

dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitum (4) - sleep ego, me, mei (pers. pron.) - I, me, my tu, te, tui (pers. pron.) - you, you, your nos, nos, nostri (pers. pron.) - we, we, our amicus, amici; amica, amicae (2/1, m./f.) - friend aptus, apta, aptum (2-1-2) - suitable, apt, appropriate sum, esse, fui, futurum (irreg.) - be; be alive, exist, live

Latin uses the following tenses: present, future, future perfect, perfect, imperfect and pluperfect - and each comes with its own set of endings. There are also participles, supines, infinitives, imperatives, gerunds, gerundives, actives, passives, deponents and other structures to show contemporary, previous, subordinate or hypothetical events - these also come with their own stems and endings, but they often work like adjectives and so are not entirely unrecognisable.

Dictionaries present verbs as ‘present active, present active infinitive, perfect active, supine (conjugation)’. There are 4 conjugations, which are different sets of verb endings.

All Latin verbs come as either 1. active (I kill), 2. passive (I am killed) or 3. deponent (passive in form, active in meaning). Each comes with its own set of endings.

1. hic homo me interficit!

This man is killing me!

2. hic homo interficitur!

This man is being killed!

3. hic homo me interficere conatur!

This man is trying to kill me!

hic, haec, hoc (pron.) - this; he/she/it interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectum (3) - kill, destroy conor, conari, conatus sum (1, deponent) - try, attempt

N.B. While most verbs can be active or passive interchangeably, deponents never switch. They are never seen with active endings or passive meanings.

The indicative (1) and subjunctive (2) moods distinguish expectations from reality. The indicative presents facts, while the subjunctive anything hypothetical from questions to wishes to fears. Each mood comes with its own set of endings.

1. vir dives me cupit.

The rich man wants me.

2. vir dives me cupiat.

May the rich man want me.

vir, viri (2, m.) - man; husband dives, divitis (gen.) (3) - rich, wealthy; wealthy man cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitum (3) - desire, want, long for

Learning ancient versus modern languages

I’ve seen language-learners new to Latin comment on the difference in tone and content, sometimes even being discouraged by it.

Learning an ancient language which is no longer spoken today, i.e. ‘dead’, is very different from learning a modern foreign language. Some basic techniques don’t change, such as how to memorise vocab. However, the overall approaches are different because the overall goals are different - unless the goal is simple pure enjoyment, which is in fairness the best reason to learn!

Modern language studies are to encourage international communication and many other reasons.

Ancient language studies are almost entirely to study the ancient world, how it led to the modern world, and this is mostly done through analysing ancient sources in their original languages.

When studying Latin, you therefore are more likely to learn heavy vocabulary such as ‘die’ or ‘sacrifice’ before you learn ‘take a bath’ - some of the examples I use in this post aren’t cheerful. Classicists learn how to translate heavier content first because it is more commonly mentioned in the ancient sources which the entire subject relies upon - death comes up much more frequently in Caesar’s Gallic Wars than greetings. 

Recommended resources

- Duolingo Latin course - if you want to learn Latin as you would a modern language.

- Memrise Latin courses - almost infinite number of vocabulary and idiom lists.

- Massolit Classics ($) - online lectures covering Greek and Roman history, culture and literature.

- Amazon page for John Taylor ($) - esteemed author of Latin textbooks from beginner level up.

- William Whitaker’s Words - reliable vocabulary translator in both directions.

- Perseus Digital Library - public archive of ancient texts in their original languages and many different English translations.

- Logeion - online dictionary for Latin and Classical Greek.

Final Word

Absolutely do not fret if anything confuses you; like all things worth doing, understanding and applying it will take time. I am making more in-depth posts on various aspects of Latin grammar and vocab, with exercises, in the very near future, so hold on tight. Thank you for reading!

[dailylatinwords]

Amo, 1. Amavi, Amatum

To love.

[perkwunos]

Engaging with terms for “love” (Arabic, al- ḥubb, al-ma ḥabbah, and others) in his Pseudo-Empedoclean and Neoplatonic contexts, Ibn Gabirol speaks interchangeably of “love and desire” when describing the God-born, God-directed yearning that is the subject of the current study and that is directly linked to matter’s desire for form:

... intentio appetitus et amoris non est nisi inquisitio applicationis ad amatum et unitionis cum illo, et materia inquirit applicari formae: oportet ut eius motus sit propter amorum et desiderium quod habet ad formam. similiter dicendum est de omni re, quod movetur ad inquirendum formam.

. . . the aim [or: meaning] of desire and love is to strive to join and to unite with the beloved, and matter strives to be joined to form. And so it is necessary that the motion [of matter] is in accordance with the love and desire that it has for form. Similarly, it ought to be said of everything that it is moved to strive for form.

Sarah Pessin, Ibn Gabirol’s Theology of Desire

[mukuharakazui]

spaced out again. this time i came back to "my pet rock was loved. saxum amatum est."

i spaced out during latin and returned to "a giant lemur attacked me before i came out"

[dustrealms]

Diego from our webcomic “Mare Amatum”

More Info at: www.mare-amatum.com

[pog-with-a-blog]

I felt like this deserved a post of it’s own.

The entirety of my knowledge of Latin after 2 years.

You conjugate nouns

you conjugate pronouns

you conjugate everything

ok you decline a noun

no thanks, no nouns for me pls

is ella ea id eius eius eius (some pronouns? idk)

-o -s -t -mus -tis -nt (present tense)

amo amare amavi amatum (i love, to love, I loved, love)

do dare davi datum (same but w give)

-a -ae -ae -am -ā (long a) -ae -arum -is -as -is (1st declention present tense)

sum es est sumus estes sunt (present tense of to be)

good man master sounds like it shld be boner magister but it’s actually bonum (?) bc it’s irregular.

NGDAA (never give david any apples)

Nominative Genetive Declarative Accusative Ablative?

Don’t know what they mean tho :)

Thing, The Thing, Of The Thing, By/With/From The Thing, To The Thing? (not necessarily in that order),