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angeltriestoblog · 7 years ago

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Your Comprehensive Guide to Passing the College Entrance Tests

College entrance tests season is a time in my life that I look back on with equal parts pain and fondness, which somewhat serves as a justification as to why I’ve been putting off this post for so long. Although I spent many sleepless nights re-absorbing lessons I never even got in the first place—all while having to deal with agonizing self-doubt and anxiety—I guess it’s safe to say that it was all worth it. After all, ya girl passed three out of the four universities she applied for: I have yet to find out if UP is willing to take me under their wing, but whether or not they want me, I can say that I am very much contented with my results.

Since I feel I’m in a position to speak on a topic like this, I’m back at it again and ready to help anyone about to tackle the beasts that are the CETs this year. I’m dividing this post into three parts, which will contain tips on how to go about everything before, during and after taking what most consider to be the most important tests of your life.

Obligatory disclaimer: This is ridiculously long and not everything that I’ve written here will apply to you, but hey, if I were you, I’d start taking down notes.

BEFORE THE TEST

One thing most people fail to stress when giving advice on this topic is the importance of adopting the best mindset. Understand that the CETs are a very serious and urgent matter, for you are tasked with preparing for the succeeding chapters of your life all within a short time frame, but at the same time, don’t allow the pressure that comes with it to lead to overthinking and comparison that will ultimately distract you from achieving your goal: passing. Stay driven and positive, and focus on yourself.

Now, on to the actual studying part. I’d hate to be the bearer of bad news, but the best way to breeze through these exams without breaking a sweat is by being a good student all throughout high school. Be the type to maintain a stellar general weighted average, keep all notes taken down during the past four years in an expanding file folder instead of using them to wrap dried fish and join as many extracurricular activities as possible. If you’ve already failed at this, it’s time to proceed to Plan B: review school.

I personally didn’t enroll in any classes over the summer, because I thought they only took place during the month of April, which was when my parents had scheduled our overseas trip for the year. Well, apparently, I couldn’t have been any less well researched and by the time I found out, it was already far too late. So, I had made the decision to opt for self-study. For some reason, I was the only one in the household who was worried out of my mind: my parents were very much convinced that I would be able to handle reviewing on my own, and prove that review school was not a requirement for acceptance into prestigious universities. I was touched by their unwavering confidence in me, but every word felt like an additional kilogram I had to carry on my back.

I got by through borrowing old review modules from my dentist (Tita Meng, I have no idea how you’re ever going to read this, but thank you so much for saving my life… and also straightening my teeth) and downloading sample tests from the Internet for me to test my knowledge later on. My efforts never felt like they were enough for me though: I remember looking up the curriculum for each subject I needed to tackle on the website of the Department of Education, researching each sub-topic that was vague to me and Khan Academy-ing my way to proficiency. Definitely an unnecessarily extra way to tackle the reviewing process, but hey, my mind was very much laden with doubt and I was willing to do the most. I also put up cartolinas on my bedroom walls with formulas for different Math and Science subjects, which proved itself useful since I actually spend a decent amount of my time staring off into space.

If the thought of doing all of this alone is stressing you out, then maybe it’s time to go down what is considered by most to be the safe route: enrolling in a review school. Doing so will provide you with all the lessons covered during high school in the form of actual lectures with qualified teachers, and hardbound notes that often come with sample tests that resemble the real thing. It guides you through the application process as well as gives updates on the schedules of most universities, and helps in parts of the test that cannot be achieved by poring over textbooks such as essay writing and even techniques for plain old guessing. All these benefits seem to provide their students with the confidence boost to top everything off, and I admit that I did feel inferior to most of my peers at some point for this reason. They all just seemed so put together, so at ease with their binders and pastel highlighters that it made me go through a period of regret and resentment. Do not let the perceived advantage they have blind you, though: do note that even if attending a review school helps you ace the entrance test, it does not measure your aptitude nor your ability to handle the workload that you will have to face as you make your way in the university of your choice.

Because I had to do everything alone, I had firsthand experience when it comes to waging a war with time: it was truly my biggest enemy during this point in my life. It’s obviously crucial to create a schedule and follow it regularly. If you’re anything like me, you’ve read this in several self-help books or heard this over and over again on productivity podcasts but planning truly is key. First, list down all the topics that you want to cover, complete with the estimated time it’ll take you to master them. Then, distribute them per day evenly so you don’t end up overwhelming yourself and cramming so much information in your head that you barely get to retain anything. It’s important to have a contingency plan ready as well, in case you needed more time digesting a particular topic.

Eliminate all distractions while reviewing. This is a cardinal rule for studying in general, so it will definitely increase in importance during a time like this. One thing I found important is to tell yourself why you have to do it, so it’s easier for you to follow through. For example, I’m pretty addicted to watching YouTube videos, so having to cut down my marathons and look at the number of videos on my Watch Later pile up was a bit painful at first. But upon conditioning my mind into thinking that I’d rather spend my five month summer vacation before college binge watching all the videos I had missed out on instead of looking for a university that was still ready to accept me, it was much easier for me to cut down on it.

Remember to prioritize breadth over depth. Cover as many topics as you possibly can, going over the basic concepts and important formulas. Then, knock yourself out with practice tests so that you’re fully familiarized with them by the time CETs roll in, because you never know how even the simplest questions can be twisted around to baffle you. A common mistake most incoming seniors make (myself included) is overthinking what could possibly be asked and going too into detail when reviewing. In my defense, it seemed like the natural thing to do during a situation of panic but if I had only known, I would have been able to save so much of my time and devote it to mastering everything I had learned.

Don’t be afraid to ask for help if ever the need arises, whether it be from teachers, friends or upperclassmen. It might come off as a surprise to some of you, but there are many people who will be more than willing to help you, whether out of pity or genuine human decency. I asked tons of my classmates if I could borrow the notes they received from their review center, so I could learn more than I could have on my own (and maybe even compare their progress with mine). Sometimes, I’d disturb them at ungodly hours and call them up on Messenger to plead them to teach me the shortcuts in problem solving, mnemonics or acronyms. I was never the type of person to do that: honestly speaking, it felt like a direct blow to my pride to have to beg for something. But, it was my future at stake and upon remembering that, I no longer felt any shame [shrugs]

On another (but equally important) note: stay on top of your requirements for the different universities you’ll be applying to. Although they don’t normally start until July or August, it’s much better to get these out of the way as early as possible. Take it from me, who ran around Megamall looking for a photo studio a week before ACET apps needed to be passed. Stock up on ID pictures of different sizes, preferably 1x1, passport size and 2x2. Photocopy important documents like your birth certificate and grades forms, as well as your ID from the current or previous school year. Start thinking of who to ask recommendation letters from, brush up on your essay writing and interview skills and work on your CV if needed. Also, have a scanner ready if you plan on trying out for La Salle, since their application process is purely online. Be sure to keep track of your deadlines: don’t wait around for people to remind you, and please please please For The Love Of God do not cram everything until the very last second.

Strive to finish reviewing over summer break so you don’t have to worry about balancing CETs and academics, which is an entirely different playing field. I’ll come clean and say that I failed to do this, because there were still so many topics I couldn’t understand and questions I couldn’t find the answers to, even with the guidance of the Internet. Let me tell you, it was absolute hell as I didn’t have the time or brain capacity to digest lessons both for school and entrance tests. Please have mercy on yourself and focus on the classes you are to take during the school year, flipping through notes and flash cards sparingly when you have free time.

Now for the part that will probably be most useful to you all: the actual subject matter to study, focused specifically on the entrance tests for the Big 4 universities. Don’t use this as the sole basis of your review, since it’s not a guarantee that the topics covered this year will be the same as the succeeding ones. I remember looking up this one CET tips thread which said that the ACET was going to have mostly geometry-related questions. Since Ateneo is my dream school, I spent a ridiculous amount of time cramming everything from theorems to tangents in my head. So, you could just imagine my surprise when I actually took my test and was greeted by a maximum of four geom questions and a predominantly Algebra II and Trigonometry-centered Math portion.

ACET

Language proficiency

This test will assess your knowledge on basic grammar: correct usage of verb tenses, S-V agreement, analogy-type and a cloze test, where you are required to fill in the blanks with the appropriate word for the sentence. It also included an essay question about a particular word that differed from session to session. I had to make one on the word “superstition”, so I had written something on how I didn’t believe in them because I was raised by my family with a very strong faith in God. One tip people give out a lot is to try and relate your answer to either love for God or being a man for others, but do it only if it doesn’t come out forced. From what I remember, we were given 50 minutes to answer all of this, and I don’t mean to come off as boastful but English is and has always been my first language, so it didn’t serve as a problem on my part.

Mathematical ability

This test is feared most by previous test takers, and it was only when I crawled my way through it that I realized why it has that reputation. It’s composed primarily of basic algebra, algebra II and trigonometry questions, all of which are quite lengthy and require a decent amount of time to think through, especially if you’re not really the best in this subject.

Abstract reasoning

This test… Boy, what do I even say? It requires you to pick out the figure or shape that completes the pattern. There were 30 items all in all that needed to be accomplished within 10 minutes, and I couldn’t tell anything apart from each other. I feel anyone who tells you they took this test seriously and finished it without breaking a sweat is just messing with you. I don’t think there’s any way to answer this test without turning to our old friend (the shotgun method).

Logical reasoning

This test includes questions with a set of premises that you are supposed to analyze, and a list of choices containing possible conclusions that can be drawn from them. Your task is to pick the most logical one, which sounds like common sense at first. Apparently, this was a topic discussed in General Math, so there is a certain set of rules to follow. Not only did I not remember ever taking this up in my life, but I also skipped it during review so I had to borrow my classmate’s book and cram everything I could during ACET week (DEFINITELY NOT ADVISABLE). There was one part of the test that involved a lot of technical terms, which I did not read about or study but thank God ya girl was desperate enough and ended up finding hints in the instructions!

Vocabulary

Pretty self-explanatory type of test, with 25 words in five minutes. It seems overwhelming, but contrary to popular belief, it’ll be easy even for those who aren’t voracious readers.

Reading comprehension

This test will require you to fully understand the message of the text, and apply it practically or draw sensible conclusions from it. I breezed through this one as well, because I’ve been reading since I was in the womb, but this can prove to be difficult for those who aren’t used to it. I’ve been seeing this tip circulating that goes “Look at the questions first before the passage itself, so you know what to find” and although it can fool just about any lazy reader out there, I tried it for myself during the ACET because I was in the mood and it didn’t help me at all. If anything, it just slowed me down because I was doing twice the work: looking at the question then going over the whole thing to find the answer, then repeating the process instead of just reading the text once.

Numerical ability

This test was all word problems—age, work, mixture, speed—with a dash of ratio, proportion and variation. This was the last portion of the ACET, and not only was my brain fried to a crisp but I was also very eager to leave so this definitely made me want to scream as I was taking it. It could have been much easier if I had memorized the exact formulas, and practiced lots so I could work rapidly without sacrificing accuracy.

DCAT

Mema test

I don’t know the actual name of this test, but I called it as such because it was so all over the place it felt like the ones in charge of making the DCAT looked at the final draft, saw they were an entire subtest short and crammed these questions two hours before the deadline. It was a mix of both abstract reasoning and vocabulary, and was generally easy: the AR patterns were understandable and didn’t require a lot of analysis, while the vocab words were very few and quite common.

Math I

I read in this one CET tips post that this portion was, and I quote, “pretentiously difficult and time-consuming” and it’s absolutely true! It’s big on derivations of formulas and advanced concepts in algebra, it barely had any basics much to my dismay. My mental block during this part was at its peak: I didn’t know how to solve anything, so I simply substituted each of the missing values in the problem with a number and worked it around until both sides of the equation were equal. That obviously took a lot of effort, which stemmed from my refusal to let go of an item until I feel like I’ve tried my best in solving it. But, it doesn’t have to be the case for you, especially if you’re terribly pressed for time: don’t hesitate to skip if you can’t move forward!

Math II + logical reasoning

Undoubtedly the hardest part of the exam, because no one saw it coming and thus, no one was able to prepare for it. And to think I was already warned by my friends who took the DCAT the week before I did to review statistics: I went through my notes from Grade 9 on combination and permutation, completely unaware that it was going to focus on hypothesis testing and estimation of parameters, which we failed to cover in Grade 11. I thought I’d be able to get by, I remember even praying that there would be only a few items but the entire test revolved around it so I almost literally crawled my way through. As for logic, it was alright until they started using technical terms like I had no idea what modus ponus (hocus pocus?) is and I don’t think I’ve ever had to study that in my life, so I think it’s safe to say I didn’t perform well there.

Reading comprehension

This was pretty similar to the ACET, so the same description and tips apply. Nothing to worry about.

EAPP/Research

This test was the plot twist of the year: DLSU completely took out the traditional type of English subtest (identifying errors, vocabulary, cloze test, etc.) and replaced it with citing in APA format, the principles of academic writing and the parts of a research paper. I had no idea that this was going to be included, and thankfully, those who enrolled in review centers didn’t either so we were all pretty much on equal footing. But, I walked out of it without a scratch: I guess it’ll be easy for you if you contribute to the making of your research papers, but if you’re a freeloader, ayan diba sinabi ko sa inyo may araw rin kayong lahat O ETO NA YUN

Science

This test covers the four major areas: earth science, biology, chemistry and physics. It was so much easier than I expected, because it only centered on terms and definitions of important concepts. I was most worried about the physics portion, since I’ve always considered it to be my waterloo, so you could just imagine my relief when I saw that it was very formulas-based and could be aced by anyone who took it up in Grade 10. (Super long run-on sentence, I’m sorry) I definitely wouldn’t have been able to survive it without the help of Tyler DeWitt, the best Chemistry teacher anyone could ever ask for – I found him on YouTube during a moment of desperation and binge-watched all his videos the day before DCAT, and he is probably the sole reason behind my success.

Life skills

The easiest and best part of the DCAT, because it’s simply a test of your character. It provides you with a set of situations, and all you have to choose which one best applies to you—so, yes there are no wrong answers. It’s easy to think that the most logical way to answer would be to feign sainthood and pick which one makes you look like an Ideal Lasallian/Catholic/Person, but I advise you to stay as true to yourself as possible. Those in admissions have probably seen many people apply this strategy in the past, and will most likely appreciate your honesty and view it as a way of seeing a true glimpse of your character.

UPCAT

Language proficiency

I think I was only sure of about 75% of my answers in this test, and to think this was the easiest part of the UPCAT for me as language is supposed to be my forte. Although it revolved around the basics—identifying errors in sentences, cloze set, rearrangement of sentences to form a paragraph and vocabulary—it came in both English and Filipino, which really tired me out early on.

Science

Hardest test of them all, to the point that taking it felt like my brain was getting hit by different trucks all at once. It covered all four major areas, including earth science. There were a ton of tables, graphs and diagrams that needed to be interpreted, and experiments to be analyzed: it’s big on practical applications and understanding of concepts. Don’t memorize any formulas, acronyms and mnemonics as you definitely will not need it at all.

Math

This test ran through a little bit of everything: from basic algebra to geometry, trigonometry, word problems and even statistics, sequences and number theory. It’s important to memorize all the formulas and learn how to solve problems fast even if they’ve already been twisted around. Math has never been my strong suit, so at this point, I was very close to hyperventilating. I even remember shading the wrong circles for ten questions in a row because I skipped one item. I also took around three bathroom breaks at this point, and spent 30 seconds sat on the toilet praying.

Reading comprehension

This was the first time I ever loathed this kind of test, when it’s supposed to be my strong point. It’s just that the previous subtests were so mentally and emotionally draining, that I didn’t have the brainpower to tackle it. It didn’t help at all that the passages chosen for the UPCAT were not the usual narrative types that are actually entertaining to read, but were incredibly information and detail-heavy. (They made really good memes on Twitter, though: no one was over the patis, newsboy or Super Ferry 9 for a long while.) The best thing to do at this point would be to go for the easiest and shortest ones first, to give your brain time to repair and prepare itself.

USTET

Mental ability

This test seeks to assess your common sense through a mix of logical reasoning, analogical and basic language and arithmetic problems. I don’t think I have to give you tips about this part at all, because it’s that easy.

Science

This test also includes question on all four major areas, but the main difference is that there are close to no practical applications of concepts – surprisingly, UST only cares about the definition of terms. Thus, intensive review probably won’t be needed: you could just skim through your notes from junior high school and have a good grasp of what’s going to be included.

Math

This test had mostly basic algebra and geometry, as well as some word problems – nothing too difficult. One other fun thing was that there was so many of the same type of question, so if you have the formulas memorized and a certain technique in answering, you could get so many (if not all) correctly.

English

This test focused mainly on basic grammar, figures of speech and subject-verb agreement. There was also a tiny part about oral communication and research, which I wasn’t able to prepare for but it’s a good thing I actually bothered paying attention to my teacher in Grade 11 or else I wouldn’t have been able to answer a thing.

THE DAY BEFORE – DURING THE TEST

Now, normally people would tell you to rest the day before any big test: drop all books and notes and mentally psych yourself for the battle up ahead in the form of face masks and comfort food. Although it sounded incredibly tempting, I obviously didn’t follow it because I was running short on time and had so many things I had yet to fully understand. Contrary to popular belief, I didn’t experience any adverse effects and even retained everything I had crammed into my head. So, you’re technically still allowed to review: run through flash cards and try a bit more practice problems if you wish. The only thing you have to make sure of is that you do not stay up late: sleep is crucial for memory retention and BASTA PARA DI KA LUTANG, and you do not want to realize that you’ve taken it for granted on such an important date.

Pack all your essentials the night before in (preferably) a small backpack that you can easily lug around. Bring two #2 Mongol pencils, an eraser, your test permit, a school ID just in case and food to snack on: my personal favorites of the season were seaweed crisps that I got for a buy one, take one deal in Robinsons Supermarket, raisins and trail mix. Scientific studies in the past have claimed that chewing motions can help stimulate your brain, but I just believe it just doesn’t feel right to engage in battle on an empty stomach. Coordinate with friends who’ll be in the same testing center as you, in case you won’t be able to survive in such an environment without someone to sympathize with you. Personally, I didn’t bother meeting up with friends for three out of my four tests because I wanted to feel independent and possibly run into new people.

If you’re anything like me and you hold on to God for dear life in almost every situation that brings you difficulty, don’t forget to pray for enlightenment and the capacity to accept His will, whatever it may be. As much as possible, try to hear Mass the day before your entrance test. Funny story, I was supposed to do this on ACET Eve, but we got stuck in traffic and missed the opportunity to. I ended up running to my parish while the staff were closing it (I didn’t even know that was a thing – what about the troubled souls who need guidance in the wee hours of the morning!) and muttering the most desperate prayer under my breath in a minute. I even lit a candle outside because I wanted to pass Ateneo that badly. Looking back, I found that it helped me lots because I was able to lift up all my worries to Him so I wouldn’t have to bring them along with me the next day.

On the test day itself, the best weapon to have in your arsenal is a good mindset. Walk into the testing center like you already passed, stroll along the corridors like it’s your first day in that university and look at every question as another step closer to freedom. Do not overthink or panic: I know it is much easier said than done, but it won’t hurt to fake it till you make it (sometimes, in situations like this, it’s the best option available).

Keep track of time limits: don’t be afraid to glance at the wall clock or your wristwatch from time to time so you can pace yourself properly. Don’t take too long on one item: if you don’t know what to do with it in 20 seconds, just come back to it when you have extra minutes to spare. If you’re not sure about the answer to an item, make the most intelligent guess you can by racking your brain for the very limited stock knowledge you have on that topic. Choose one letter to be your go-to choice if you really don’t know the answer: mine was C (for Christ, truly) although I don’t know if that’s still a wise decision because universities might start picking up on this strategy.

Look back on all your answers: if you have the luxury of time, re-read everything from the instructions to the passages to the choices provided, because sometimes, even if you were 110% sure of what you were answering during that moment, you may have missed something important. If you happen to be one of those beasts who come prepared enough and you’re completely sure of everything already, catch a quick nap to recharge those batteries instead of scouting for attractive fellow test-takers. I swear, there will be many more of them in college: at present, it’s best to exhaust all efforts into actually getting a university.

AFTER THE TEST

The minute the proctor makes you put your pencil down one last time and submit the questionnaire forward, let it go. Completely forget that it happened: don’t spend the succeeding days discussing answers with peers, as it will almost always end with you regretting things you can no longer change. Do not keep a countdown until judgment day ticking in your head either: choose to take this time to let your life return to its normal state. Shift your focus back to your academics for the school year, and be preoccupied with your interests once again during your free time. Remember to treat yourself as well, because we all know it’s not easy to study while simultaneously worrying about your future. After all my CETs, I made sure to eat out with my family and spoil myself with chick flick marathons and skin care products. Most importantly, be sure to keep praying as it is the key to accepting what happens in the future and regaining peace of mind. As cheesy as it sounds, trust in God’s plan for You and know that He has a reason for everything that is about to happen.

Now, on to the final stretch: the release of results. (This is a pretty timely thing to be talking about right now, since as of this writing, I’m waiting for UP to make a move within the week) If you pass your dream school—or any university for that matter—congratulations! Your hard work has finally paid off, and the promising future you’ve built up in your head is slowly turning into a reality. Don’t forget to thank all those who made this possible for you: God, your family, friends and teachers who believed in you through every sleepless night and mid-morning breakdown. Remain humble though, and be careful not to gloat in front of those who didn’t pass. I know you’re not really obliged to act a certain way to please them, especially during a time as joyous as this, but it’s all a matter of empathy: I’m sure you’d feel the same way if the roles were reversed. One thing you’re left to decide with if you’re lucky enough to pass more than one college is where you’re headed off to. Personally, it’s course over school: go for the program that suits you best and will help you pursue the career path you wish, since that will do you more good in the future than the reputation of any institution. If you are not entirely convinced by that spiel, do not hesitate to ask help from those you trust most: preferably family members, teachers and counselors. I left out friends, because I don’t think it’s a wise decision to choose a specific school just because that’s where they’re headed.

If you fail to make the cut, however, indulge in your right to cry right now. I’m sure that it must be disheartening, planning out a future in a school that ended up “rejecting” you in the end, but news flash: the race does not finish here! Pick yourself up, dust yourself off and get ready for the results of the other schools you have applied for. Be sure to surround yourself with only people who are capable of uplifting your spirits and helping you believe in yourself during such a trying time. If the worst case scenario happens and you are left with no college at the end of the day, it’s time to get hustling: look for universities that are still accepting applications (some schools out there have entrance tests every month, and results come out instantly), or send in letters of appeal if ever you truly have your eyes set on a specific campus. That’s not something I have much expertise on though, but almost everything you will need to know is on the school’s official website.

And, there you have it! Everything I could tell you about the college entrance tests! I spent approximately three days trying to kick my writing slump in the ass: my eyes hurt and I may be suffering from carpal tunnel but all of that means nothing as long as I’ve been able to guide one hopeless soul out of the dark. (Yes, I patterned that after my comprehensive guide to surviving Grade 11 – my brain is dying, and I have no time to think of an ending catchier than that.) I’m on summer break now and I’ll be going to Korea next week, so expect a lot of lighter and more amusing content!

Stay in school, kids!

Angel

#angeltriestoblog #cets #college entrance tests #philippines #upcat #acet #dcat #ustet #cet tips #life dump #recs

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networksload185 · 3 years ago

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Honda 400ex Carburetor Float Adjustment

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2001 Honda 400ex Carburetor

Often the accelerator pumpgets the blame for other problems. It is very easy to test the function of theaccelerator pump. Start the engine, and warm to normal operating temperature.Shut off the engine. Remove the air cleaner. The choke butterfly should befully open, as the engine is warm. Observe the pump jet in the carburetor, andwith your hand, work the carburetor throttle to the wide-open position. Youshould observe a healthy squirt of fuel from the pump jet. A single barrelcarburetor will normally squirt a single stream; while a two or four barrelcarburetor will normally squirt 2 streams. If you see the stream(s) of fuel,the pump is working. It is important to start the engine prior to doing thistest. With modern gasoline, it is quite possible the carburetor will becompletely dry prior to starting. If there is no gasoline in the bowl, the pumpwill not work; and this would give a false result.

Bog, Hesitation, Stumble

This paragraph applies toan instantaneous bog, hesitation, or stumble upon acceleration. Constanthesitation is covered under “surging”. This paragraph also applies torelatively stock engines with the original carburetor. We will discuss twotypes of bog: the first is bog when the vehicle is accelerated from a stop; thesecond is bog when the vehicle is accelerated from cruise. Bog from a stop isvirtually always (and generally erroneously) diagnosed as a faulty acceleratorpump (see the section on “accelerator pumps” for testing). Most moderncarburetors are designed to function with roughly 0.020 (20 thousanths)clearance between the center of the throttle plate edge, and the throttle bodyat a point equidistant from the throttle shaft bearing areas. This clearanceallows for maximum velocity of idle air past the idle ports. Exceptions to thisare GM carburetors with the idle speed air screw, and end carburetors ontripower. Setting the idle for the highest vacuum idle reading will result intoo little clearance of the throttle plate; forcing too much of the idlemixture through the lower idle port and too little through the idle transferslot. This will cause a phenomena called “puddling” where little droplets ofgasoline adhere to the intake manifold runners. When the throttle is opened,there is now sufficient velocity of air to sweep all these droplets into thecylinders, creating a mixture which is too rich to burn, hence the bog. As soonas the overrich mixture is pumped out the tailpipe, and a normal mixture isingested by the cylinders, the bog disappears. A defective advance mechanismcan also cause bog; as can a defective accelerator pump. If bog exists onlyfrom an idle, not when accelerating from a constant speed, the idle adjustmentis probably the culprit.

Bog from a cruise RPM maybe caused by a defective advance mechanism, but on 4 barrel carburetors isoften caused by the secondary side opening too soon. Most original equipment 4barrel carburetors have “on-demand” secondaries (I use this term rather thanvacuum, as some early 4 barrels used vacuum to accuate the secondary, whilemost 4 barrels from about 1960 up used either spring tension or weights tocontrol the secondary). The Carter AFB uses weights, and therefore never goesout of adjustment. Other 4 barrel carburetors such as the Carter AVS, CarterTQ, Rochester 4GC, and Rochester Q-Jet have a tensioned secondary spring. Asthe spring fatigues, the air valve will open too soon, creating aninstantaneous lean condition, and a bog. These units, when rebuilt, shouldvirtually always have the tension spring replaced, and adjusted to factoryspecifications. A defective accelerator pump will rarely cause bog from cruise.

BrassFloats

Many mechanics have been conditioned to ask for a float each time theyrebuild a carburetor, due to the reasonable price of modern, mass-producedfloats, and the propensity of nitrophyl (foam) floats to absorb gasoline aftertime. In dealing with older, NON-CURRENT-PRODUCTION brass floats, neither ofthe above are true, and a mechanic should attempt to 'save' the float if at allpossible.

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The first step is to clean the float and inspect it for obvious damage.Small dings and dents are quite common, even in unused floats, and occurredwhen the manufacturer shipped the floats in bulk. Major dents (generally causedby water freezing in the carburetor) are not generally repairable. If one canhear liquid sloshing around inside the float, skip to the next paragraph. Ifthe float looks to be reasonably damage-free, it should be tested. Testing isaccomplished by grasping the float arm with a pair of needle-nose pliers, andsubmerging the float in very hot water. The hot water will pressurize the airinside the float, and a leaky float will blow a stream of bubbles.

If the float should need repair, it is important to understand how the floatwas originally produced. Virtually all brass float pontoons (the floating part)are composed of two pieces (a few are more) of brass soldered together. Thepieces differ in the seam area, as one piece has a male seam and the other afemale seam. One float piece will also have a small hole for temperatureequilization. This hole will be covered by a small drop of solder, and will beas far from the seam as possible. The manufacturer would solder the two piecestogether, allow the float to cool completely, AND THEN close the equilizationhole. Soldering MUST be done using a soldering 'iron'. Repair should not beattempted using either a torch, or a soldering gun. If you plan on disregardingthis advice, read the next paragraph first! The following procedure works forus (no, we will not repair your float unless we restore the entire carburetor):First, if liquid is present inside the float, find the hole, and remove theliquid by placing the hole down inside the hot water. The pressure will forcethe liquid from the float. If the float has much liquid, it may be necessary toremove the float from the hot water, allow the float to cool, and repeat thehot water dip. Once the liquid has been removed, and the leak has been marked,open the equilization hole by removing the solder. Solder the leak closed usingas little solder as possible. A small piece of tape over the equilization holewill allow the hot water test to be preformed. If there are no leaks, removethe tape, and ALLOW THE FLOAT TO COOL COMPLETELY before closing theequilization hole. A final test, and you have 'saved' a valuable float.='font-size:10.0pt'>

Automatic Chokes

An area of the carburetorgenerally misunderstood is the function of the automatic choke. Automaticchokes use a bimetallic coil to close the choke plate, and vacuum to open thechoke plate. It is important to understand that the bimetallic coil does NOTopen the choke. Automatic chokes are of two types: integral, and divorced (alsocalled remote). The integral choke is an integral part of the carburetor. Thedivorced choke resides on the manifold (divorced or remote from the carburetor)and has an operating rod from the choke to the carburetor. In general,carburetors with divorced chokes use a separate choke-pulloff to open thechoke. Integral chokes have a piston inside the choke housing. In general, thebimetallic coil rotates when cold to close the choke. As the bimetallic coil isheated, it relaxes, and the choke is pulled open by vacuum. In the case of theintegral choke, there will be a tiny vacuum passage from the throttle area(vacuum source) up to the choke housing where vacuum is exerted on the piston.If this tiny passageway is clogged (often), no vacuum is applied to the piston,and the choke does not fully open. A problem with divorced chokes is the use ofan incorrect thickness carburetor to manifold gasket when the carburetor isrebuilt. This will change the required length of the choke operating rod, andmay result in the choke either not closing, or not fully opening.

Setting an automatic chokeis quite simple, even if an aftermarket choke is used. For integral chokes,loosen the retaining screws such that the choke will rotate freely. Adjust thechoke such that the choke plate just touches closed at 68 degrees F. (65~70degrees is close enough). Tighten the retaining screws. For the divorced choke,the same setting applies, but bend the operating rod to set the choke plate.

CORK FLOATS

Many of the less expensive carburetors from the beginning upthrough about 1940 were originally equipped with floats made from cork. Most ofthe floats were coated with orange shellac, and then the finish was baked,creating a finish fairly impervious to the gasoline of the day. A few of the manufacturersdid not coat their floats, and used a cork material that seemed to work fairlywell with the gasoline then being sold.

The gasoline of today cuts orange shellac like a hot knifein butter, and also will permeate the natural cork material!

This poses a severe problem for the restorer. It is noteconomically feasible to attempt to mass produce brass floats to replace thecork floats. Also, the company producing the poly-nitrofill foam floats hasbeen most un-cooperative unless orders of very large magnitude are placed withthem. We are currently machining float pontoons from this substance, to be usedwith the original float arm.

For those who are independently wealthy, individual brassfloats can be made. This also may be a solution for a retired machinist withaccess to a good machine shop. This is a very time-intensive remedy, expensiveif one must pay for the time.

For the rest of us, it becomes imperative to attempt to usea replacement cork (or foam) float, and seal the cork (or foam) against thepermeation of the gasoline. The procedure we at The Carburetor Shop arecurrently using is as follows;

(A)Detach the originalbrass arm from the original cork float.=' font:7.0pt=''>

(B)Clean the arm (weuse a glass beading machine)=' font:7.0pt=''>

(C)Attach the arm tothe polynitraphyl pontoon included with this kit.=' font:7.0pt=''>

(D)Submerge the pontoon,and the portion of the arm in direct contact with the pontoon into a productcalled ‘POR-15’. This product is available from POR-15, Inc, P.O. Box 1235,Morristown, NJ 07962. They have a website at www.por15.com.READ THE DIRECTIONS. ACCORDING TO POR15, ONCE THEIR PRODUCT DRYS, YOU MUST WEAROFF ANY YOU SPILL ON YOU! I BELIEVE IT!=' font:7.0pt=''>

(E)Remove the floatfrom the liquid and slowly rotate to eliminate any bubbles.=' font:7.0pt=''>

(F)Suspend the floatwith a suitable hanger, and allow to air dry for 72 hours prior to use.=' font:7.0pt=''>

This procedure seems to be working with the current mixtureof gasoline.

If anyone comes up with a better procedure, we wouldcertainly wish to be informed!!!

ENGINE NOT STARTING

Thissection is not designed to turn a novice into a professional mechanic, ratherto suggest to the novice a step by step approach to troubleshooting.

Enginenot starting (engine you have PERSONALLY heard run, but has been not startedfor some amount of time).

(1)Compression test (3 percent)

(2)Ignition test (90 + percent)

Honda 400ex Carburetor For Sale

(3)Fuel delivery system test (less than 1 percent)

(4)Carburetion test (3 percent)

Enginenot starting (engine you have never personally heard run)

(1)Compression test (3 percent)

(2)Valve timing test (less than 1 percent)

(3)Ignition test (90 + percent)

(4)Fuel delivery system test (less than 1 percent)

Crash bandicoot for mac software download. Red ace squadron full version. (5)Carburetion test (3 percent)

Soif the probability of failure is 90 percent with ignition, why should I do a compressiontest first? The tests are numbered in the order of if the one above is faulty,nothing you do in a subsequent test will fix the problem. If you have badcompression, adding a new carburetor, and/or completely replacing the entireignition system will result ONLY in a thinning of your wallet!

Compressiontest - mycompression ratio is a number, and the compression gauge reads pounds, whatgives?????

Thereare mathematical formulae to determine the number from the compression ratio,but they get complicated because of factors such as altitude, etc.; so best tosimply research the suggested maximum cranking values for your engine. If youcannot find your engine, find an engine with an equivalent compression ratio.

Whatyou really are looking for are 3 things: (A) the average should be at least 70percent of the suggested cranking value, (B) no cylinder should deviate fromthe average by more than 15 percent (10 percent would be better), and (C) thevalue read on the first revolution of the engine is at least 80 percent of thefinal reading for that cylinder.

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Valvetiming test - verylow probability of failure, but if you bought someone else's project, you donot know their capabilities, or why they abandoned the project. The distributorCOULD be off 180 degrees (remember in a 4-stroke engine the crankshaft makes 2revolutions for each revolution of the camshaft) OR a timing chain COULD havejumped a tooth. Testing for these items may save you a ton of time down theroad.

Ignitiontest - somany possibilities here. Mac os apk. If you have access to a diagnostic oscilloscope - USEIT! If not, you are looking for a really good spark at each plug at the propertime. Research how to check the various components in the ignition system. Andwhen you finally set the points gap (also known as the dwell angle) and thetiming, SET THE DWELL FIRST! If you set the timing before setting the points(dwell), changing the point gap (dwell) WILL change the timing.

Fueldelivery system test - basically, you are checking to make certain the fuel delivery system isdelivering fuel to the carburetor. Possible items to fail - (A) the sock a.k.a.sending unit filter can clog in the tank, (B) a fuel line may be filled withdirt-daubers, (C) a fuel line fitting may have cracked, allowing air to enterthe system, (D) the flexible hose from the hard line on the frame to the fuelpump may be collapsed, (E) the fuel pump may be defective, the fuel filter maybe clogged.

Ifyou get to this point, the carburetor probably needs to be removed, andrebuilt.

Thesales pitch - ifthe carb needs rebuilding, we can probably help you with a rebuilding kit.

FLOODING(OVERFLOWING)

Fueloverflowing from the carburetor may be caused by a number of issues:

(1) Float/fuel valve incorrectly adjusted

(2) Defective fuel valve

(3) Defective float

(4) Excessive fuel pressure

(A) incorrect or defective fuelpump

(B) clogged or missing tank vent

(5) Cracked housing

Discussingin order:

(1) Make certain that you have the floatadjusted to the manufacturer’s original specifications, and make sure you knowHOW the manufacturer measured the adjustment. Some manufacturers specify thedistance from the float to the casting without the gasket, some with the gasket,some the distance to the fuel level in the bowl at a specified pressure, andRochester was probably the most creative, often measuring to a “dimple” on thefloat itself or the float seam. If you buy an aftermarket rebuilding kit, NEVERrely on the generic specification sheets which come in the kits. Check yourfactory shop manual or the carburetor manufacturer’s manual.

(2) If the fuel valve is defective,replace it.

(3) If the float is brass, check thislink: Brassfloats , if a material other than brass,and there is any doubt, replace the float.

(4) A fuel pressure gauge placed right atthe carburetor will confirm/deny the presence of too much pressure. However,one should consider the clogged or missing vent. The fuel tank MUST be vented,or no fuel can exit the tank. Many older vehicles were vented through thegasoline cap. Vented caps were obsoleted because of smog emissions regulations.If the tank vent is clogged or missing, normal ambient temperature change willcreate either a positive pressure or negative pressure (vacuum) on the tank.Some tanks are located close to the exhaust. As the engine warms the hotexhaust heats the fuel in the tank, and can create excessive pressure in thetank.

(5) Cracked carburetor housings are quiterare; in more than 50 years, I have only seen a hand-full, but the issue CANexist, ESPECIALLY if the “mechanic” feels the necessity of using some form ofTeflon (either tape or paste) on a tapered fuel fitting. Teflon is a fabulouslubricant, and will allow anyone to apply excessive torque to the fittingthreads and crack the casting.

Concerned about the price of gasoline? Beyond our control;however most can make their vehicle use fuel more efficiently, in many casesMUCH more efficiently. All of the following will help your vehicle to use lessfuel per mile traveled.

(1)Clean out the trunk. Weight uses fuel.

(2)Air up the tires, and check the air in the tires periodically.As a general rule, the manufacturer listed tire pressures which will give a“soft ride”. Talk to professionals at your local tire shop to see what theyrecommend. Do NOT exceed the pressure listed as maximum pressure on the tiresidewall. Lower pressures create more rolling resistance. Higher pressures, inaddition to being more fuel-efficient, tend to improve vehicle control, ANDprolong the life of the tire. The figure of a 2 percent reduction for eachpound underinflation should be sufficient incentive to monitor ones tires.

(3)Turn off the cruise control! A good driver should average 10to 20 percent better fuel economy than the cruise control unit.

(4)Pay attention to the condition of the vehicle. A dirty vehiclehas more “drag” in the air; a brake disc or drum which is dragging or a frontend out of alignment causes more rolling resistance. A clean, waxed vehiclereduces drag.

(5)Keep your vehicle’s drivetrain in good condition. Tune theengine, check the transmission and final drive at the recommended intervals inyour owners/operators manual. Spark plug wires are an often-overlooked culprit.(Of course, if you need a carburetor rebuilding kit, we would be pleased tohelp).

(6)Adjust your driving habits. Everyone knows that full throttleacceleration wastes fuel, so we will not discuss this. However, anticipating astop sign and gradual slowing (traffic permitting), will save both fuel andextend the life of your brakes.

(7)Adjust your driving cycles. Take a little time and think;idling in traffic wastes fuel: can I change my route and avoid signals or stopsigns? How about trips to the store; can I pay the water bill, go to the postoffice, and then come by the grocery store instead of making 3 separate trips?

(8)Avoid the use of ethanol (if possible). Ethanol has lessenergy and will thus deliver worse fuel economy. It may also require carburetorre-calibration.

(9)Carpool – the most efficient vehicle is the one unused in yourgarage.

Buying a new vehicle? On the same vehicle, a manualtransmission will result in 10 to 25 percent better fuel economy. However,until the rest of the buying population learns this fact, expect to take abeating when you trade in your vehicle. In fact, a good used second vehiclewith a manual transmission might just pay for itself over your existingvehicle.

FUEL LEAK BY THROTTLESHAFT(S)='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>

A common complaint today is fuel dripping out of thethrottle body by the throttle shaft AFTER the engine is switched off. While anumber of issues may cause this problem, by far the most common issue is thevolatility of modern fuel. Mechanical fuel pumps have a check valve whichprevents fuel from moving back to the fuel tank. The problem is as follows:

(1)After the engine is switched off, heat from the engine heatsthe fuel in the fuel line.

(2)The expanding fuel (increased volatility) creates pressure inthe fuel line from the pump to the carburetor.

(3)The check valve prevents the fuel backing up through the fuelpump.

(4)The pressure increases to a point the float/fuel valvecombination in the carburetor cannot withstand the pressure.

(5)An amount of fuel (usually from a teaspoon to a couple oftablespoons) flows into the fuel bowl of the carburetor.

(6)This raises the fuel level in the bowl above the maindischarge nozzle(s).

(7)Fuel flows through the main discharge nozzle(s) and drips ontothe throttle plate(s) which is/are closed, and exits out beside the throttleshaft(s) dripping onto the intake.

Possible solutions:

(1)IF POSSIBLE, AVOID ETHANOL LACED FUEL! Sometimes you can buyreal gasoline at a marina

(2)Buy the lowest octane name-brand fuel that does not ping ordetonate in your engine (the higher grades often have more ethanol)

(3)Install a “vapor return line” (take a look at return linesused on many factory air-conditioned cars)

(4)Learn to live with the issue.

HARD STARTING, COLD

Difficult starting a vehicle that has been allowed to sitfor a number of days (that will then start well the rest of the day) is oftencaused by modern fuel. Modern fuel begins to vaporize (evaporate) at a muchlower temperature than fuel before the 1970’s. Once the engine is shut off, thefuel in the carburetor bowl begins to evaporate through the bowl vent. If thereis no fuel in the carburetor, the engine will not start. Pumping the footfeedduring this time simply prolongs the agony, as the accelerator pump will pumpthe fuel into the engine, but in amounts insufficient for starting. If you havethis problem, try priming the carburetor by using an eyedropper and filling thecarburetor bowl through the bowl vent prior to cranking the engine. If you donot wish to prime the engine, crank the engine for 15 to 20 seconds WITHOUTPUMPING. Then stop cranking, pump the footfeed 3 or 4 times, release it, andthen reattempt to start the engine. Priming eliminates excessive wear on thestarter. Another possible solution is the installation of an electric fuelpump. If an electric pump is installed, check local, state, and federal lawsabout wiring; and pick a pump with pressure not exceeding that of the originalpump.

HARD STARTING, HOT

Difficult starting of a hot vehicle from 5 minutes to anhour after the engine has been operated, can be caused by the volatility ofmodern fuel. If you have this problem; try using the following method to startthe engine: DON’T touch the footfeed (VERY important). Crank the engine overfrom three to 5 seconds (different vehicles will respond to different times);and then GENTLY (so as not to activate the accelerator pump) press the footfeedapproximately 1/3 of its travel. The engine should start, and may run rough.Run the engine at a high idle for about 10 seconds. This issue is caused byvolatility of modern fuel. Once the engine has been shut off, the gasoline isheated by the latent heat of the engine, and percolates the fuel from the bowlinto the throttle area, forming a mixture that is too rich to fire. If you pushthe footfeed to the floor (as has been the traditional method of “unloading” aflooded engine) the gasoline continues to flow into the engine (again due tothe volatility). By not touching the footfeed, you do not open the throttle plates,and the engine will pump the overrich mixture out of the tailpipe. Once theoverrich mixture has been alleviated, gently opening the throttle will allowthe engine to start.

THROTTLE BODY GASKETS

Beginning with the 1957 carburetors, Rochester started usingthrottle body gaskets (the gasket between the throttle body and the bowlassembly)that have slots in thesealing surface, thus not making a complete seal of the two castings ON CERTAINCARBURETORS ONLY! Not all carburetors use them. This is only one of the reasonswe want a tag number when we supply a kit, as our kits are manufactured (by us)to the original Rochester bill-of-material. The correct gasket will be in thekit. The slots were provided to allow pressure in the venturi area to be bled tothe outside of the carburetor during hot city driving thus helping to preventstalling during hot city driving. For all you die-hards (or hardheads) – thereis no vacuum leak! These slots are above the throttle plates!! Are you still adie-hard?Here is a link to areproduction of the original Rochester bulletin introducing the slottedgaskets.ROCHESTER BULLETINHere is another link showing a slottedgasket, a regular gasket (often used for marine carbs) and some other hot idlecompensation devices HOTIDLE DEVICES=' mso-spacerun:=''>

TRIPOWER TUNING TIPS

This section is for use in tuning FACTORY GM tripowers withROCHESTER CARBURETORS. DO NOT ASSUME THAT THIS SECTION WILL HELP IF YOU AREUSING A ‘HOME-BREW’ TRIPOWER, OR ONE USING AFTERMARKET CASTINGS!!! Tripower was used by General Motors on Cadillac (1958-1960); Chevrolet(1958-1961); Oldsmobile (1957, 1958, and 1966); and Pontiac 1957-1966). Moreoften than not, there are more than one tripower per year and make fordifferent engine/transmission configurations. The information below is general.The factory shop manual is an excellent resource when working on thesecarburetors. Get the correct parts!!! With many generic “one kit fits all”, repair kits onthe market; it is difficult for the novice to know what to purchase. Componentsthat one might not consider which can cause issues are: fuel valves,accelerator pumps, gaskets, and power valves. Discussing these components: Fuel valves - I am aware of 4 styles of fuel valves that are being sold: (A)the conventional pointed fuel valve (our second favorite type); (B) thealuminum plunger with a neopreme disk inserted in the plunger that seals on ainverted flare seat (our favorite, but unfortunately, the manufacturer is nowout of business and no new complete units are available); (C) the 2 ball valve(these tend to hold pressure well, but we have had issues for full fuel flow inhigh performance applications, and also have had these flood profusely onvehicles not driven daily – we will not use these valves); and (D) an imitationof the valve (B) where a wafer containing the neopreme disc is placed betweenthe seat and the plunger (we have seen the wafer get stuck causing profuseflooding, we will not use this valve). If, when redoing a setup containingvalve (B), we can include new neopreme discs in our kits. Since the neopremedisc is the only wear item, replacing this disc and cleaning the plunger andseat will restore the unit. Others may have differing opinions of the variousvalves. Accelerator pumps – in the good old days, accelerator pumps were made fromleather. Somewhere along the way it was determined that accelerator pumps couldbe made much cheaper with neopreme, rather than leather skirts. BE (beforeethanol) the neopreme pump would last maybe 3~5 years, while leather will lastindefinitely. Neopreme pumps used with ethanol will fail rather quickly, whilethe leather pump will still last indefinitely. If at all possible, purchasekits with leather pumps. In fact, if your old accelerator pump is leather, trysoaking it in light machine oil rather than replacing it with a modern neopremepump. Gaskets – during the 1957 model year, Rochester began using a slotted throttlebody to bowl gasket ON SOME MODELS ONLY! For the carburetor to functionproperly, it is imperative that the PROPER throttle body gasket is used. Usinga solid gasket on a carburetor designed for the slotted gasket WILL result inhot idle issues. Power valves – Rochester used a number of different calibrations and twodifferent plunger lengths for power valves on tripower carbs along. Using theincorrect valve will create mixture-timing issues. UNLESS YOU HAVE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE, ALWAYS BUILD THE CARBURETORS TO STOCKSPECIFICATIONS. NOW YOU HAVE A BASELINE IF MODIFICATIONS ARE NECESSARY! OK, you rebuilt the carbs using correct parts to stock specs and now you areready to install and tune the carburetors. Unless you are a carburetionspecialist, install the center carburetor ONLY and install blockoff plates toblock off the end carburetors. If you are a carburetion specialist, you alreadyknew that, and I didn’t need to tell you. Adjust the idle. Using a vacuum gauge and setting for the highest vacuum cancause hesitation (see the paragraph on BOG). You cannot adjust the idle unlessthe engine is fully warm. If you blocked off the intake crossover, this couldmean 30 minutes or more. When the engine is warm enough to properly set theidle, the choke butterfly will be in the vertical or wide-open position. It isimportant to understand the idle circuit to properly adjust the idle. Contraryto popular belief, the idle mixture control screws DO NOT adjust the mixture.The mixture delivered by the carburetor is controlled by the idle tubes(gasoline jets), and the idle air bleeds (air jets) in the carburetor. The idlemixture control screws control the VOLUME of the preset mixture. An analogywould be a shower where you first set the temperature and then adjust thepressure. In this analogy the temperature (mixture) would be preset in thecarburetor, and the pressure (volume) is set by the mixture control screws. ForBEST results, the clearance from the throttle plates to the throttle body willbe about 0.020 (20 thousandths) at idle. If the tripower is being used on otherthan the stock engine (455 instead of a 389, or a very radical cam), it may benecessary to modify the idle circuit. There are two common possibilities in themodification of the idle circuit (if others are needed, your engine is tooradical for the scope of this discussion). REMEMBER BEFORE MAKING ANYMODIFICATIONS THAT THEY PROBABLY ARE PERMANENT!!! Idle modifications - the two common modifications are: enrichening the fuelmixture and increasing the idle air supply. Enrichening the fuel mixture MAY benecessary when using ethanol or if the engine has been built to a slightlyhigher tune, or headers have been added. Increasing the idle air supply MAY benecessary if the engine has been built much more radical than stock or if thedisplacement has been significantly increased. The goal of either modificationis a steady idle with the mixture screws from ¾ turn to 1 ½ turn from fullyseated, and about 0.020-inch clearance from the throttle plates to the throttlebore. The idle mixture control screws in these carburetors are the pre-smogshort taper. 1 and ½ turns from lightly seated, and the valves are WIDE OPEN. To enrich the idle mixture, one must first measure the inside diameter of theidle tubes. One can then drill these tubes oversize. We recommend NO MORE than0.005-inch increase in the diameter. The first attempt may be made at plus0.002 inch. If this is not sufficient, then subsequent attempts should be madein 0.001-inch increments not to exceed 0.005 inch total. To increase the idle air supply, one may drill small holes in each of thethrottle plates of the center carburetor. If one observes the throttle plateswhile attached to the throttle shaft, the throttle plate will appear as twohemispheres. For best results, the holes should be drilled in the center of thehemisphere AWAY from the idle mixture control screws. One should start with a0.060-inch hole (60 thousandths). If necessary, the holes may be increased insize, not to exceed 0.125 inch (125 thousandths). This modification does notchange the idle mixture, rather this modification is done to control theclearance of the throttle plate to throttle bore. This clearance is importantto minimize or eliminate bog from a stop. Once the idle circuit has been tuned it is time to direct attention to the mainmetering circuit. IF A MORE RADICAL CAM HAS BEEN INSTALLED, a vacuum gaugeshould be connected, and a reading of idle vacuum obtained. If the idle vacuumis less than 12 inches Hg. then it will be necessary to install a weaker springon the power-valve actuating-valve. A kit with a number of different calibratedsprings is available from The Carburetor Shop LLC. The purpose of changing the springis to allow the power valve to remain closed at high vacuum cruise and open atW.O.T. Once the power valve is operating properly, one can calibrate the mainjetting of the center carburetor. This is best done with one of the portableair fuel ratio meters. Both the main jets and power valve should be calibratedon the center carburetor. Once the idle, main metering, and power circuits have been calibrated on thecenter carburetor, one may install the two end carbs and tune them for W.O.T.Again, this is best accomplished with the use of an air fuel ratio meter. Different applications will have different desires for air/fuel (power oreconomy). These setting will be left to the tuner; but I would highly suggestconsultation with one’s engine builder for suggested ratios. The sales pitch: repair kits with the proper gaskets, leather acceleratorpumps, etc., as well as additional jets, power valves, vacuum spring kits, andother parts may be obtained through The Carburetor Shop LLC. ='mso-special-character:line-break'>

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shirlleycoyle · 4 years ago

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‘FIND THIS FUCK:’ Inside Citizen’s Dangerous Effort to Cash In On Vigilantism

Andrew Frame was excited.

It was Saturday night two weeks ago, and Frame, the CEO of the crime and neighborhood watch app Citizen, was on Slack, whipping himself and his employees into what he'd later call at an all-hands meeting a "fury of passion" about a wildfire that had broken out earlier that afternoon in Los Angeles' Pacific Palisades neighborhood.

Citizen had gotten a tip that the wildfire was started by an arsonist, and Frame had decided earlier in the night that the fire was a huge opportunity. Citizen, using a new livestreaming service it had just launched called OnAir, would catch the suspect live on air, with thousands of people watching. Frame decided the Citizen user who provided information that led to the suspect’s arrest would get $10,000. Frame wanted him. Before midnight. As the night wore on, Citizen got more information about the supposed suspect. They obtained a photo of the man, which they kept up on the livestream for large portions of the night. More information trickled in through a tips line Citizen had set up.

"first name? What is it?! publish ALL info," Frame told employees working in a Citizen Slack room who were working on the case.

"FIND THIS FUCK," he told them. "LETS GET THIS GUY BEFORE MIDNIGHT HES GOING DOWN."

"BREAKING NEWS. this guy is the devil. get him," Frame said. "by midnight!@#! we hate this guy. GET HIM."

He was growing impatient. He increased the bounty to $20,000. Thousands of people were watching Citizen's livestream, but the man still hadn't been caught. Frame asked his staff to send out another notification, one that would hit all Citizen users in Los Angeles. The bounty had to go higher.

"Close in on him. 30k Let's get him. No escape. Let's increase. 30k," Frame said. "Notify all of la. Blast to all of la."

"Citizen is OnAir: Arsonist Pursuit Continues," the notification, which went out to 848,816 Citizen users in Los Angeles, said. "We are now offering a $30,000 reward for any information directly leading to his arrest tonight. Tap to join the live search."

Over the course of nearly seven hours, Citizen, under the increasingly frantic direction of Frame, conducted a citywide, app-fueled manhunt for a specific suspected arsonist. The employees went back and forth on how they should frame the manhunt they had started, who in Los Angeles they should notify via the app, and how often they should do it.

Do you work at Citizen? Do you have access to internal Citizen documents? We’d love to hear from you. Using a non-work phone or computer, you can contact Joseph Cox securely on Signal on +44 20 8133 5190, Wickr on josephcox, OTR chat on [email protected], or email [email protected].

In the Slack room with Frame, one staffer brought up a "loophole," pointing out that Citizen was violating its own terms of service that prohibit "posting of specific information that could identify parties involved in an incident." The staffer who brought up the terms of service violation was ignored in that specific Slack room, and the broadcast continued to specifically name the person and share his photo for hours.

Earlier in the night, soon after news of a fire broke, Frame said he saw the fire as a chance to catch a suspected arsonist live on the internet, therefore proving Citizen's utility to users and helping the app grow.

"The more courage we have, the more signups we will have. go after bad guys, signups will skyrocket. period … we should catch a new bad guy EVERY DAY," Frame said.

At one point, Frame said "these metrics will be great." And they were. At one point 40,000 people were watching the live feed, according to the Slack messages. Citizen saw a sharp spike in signups as the livestream spread. Frame said at a later all-hands meeting that 1.4 million people engaged with the content, according to other Slack messages.

Well after midnight, Los Angeles police made an arrest. In a separate Slack room, employees cautiously began to celebrate: "cop said its an ongoing investigation, this looks like our guy!!!" one employee wrote.

It wasn't Citizen's guy. Frame and the entirety of the Citizen apparatus had spent a whole night putting a bounty on the head of an innocent man.

(Motherboard is not publishing the name of the person Citizen falsely accused, though Citizen repeatedly used it both internally and externally.)

Motherboard spoke to eight sources in reporting this story: five former Citizen employees, two sources with knowledge of the company's operations, and one person close to the company's founders. Motherboard also obtained multiple caches of internal policy documents, Slack messages, and company notes. Our reporting spells out not only what happened in Pacific Palisades, but also how workers and Andrew Frame view the incident and Citizen's role in society. The app pitches itself as a public-safety tool, but aims to grow its user base and revenue just as much as any other startup. The Palisades incident was characterized by Frame as a risk, a test, an experiment, even though it potentially put the person they named in danger.

Motherboard has learned that:

Users are flooded with notifications in what multiple sources interpret as an attempt to make users feel anxious enough about their neighborhoods to buy "Protect," a $19.99 per month service that allows users to livestream their phone's camera and location to a Citizen "Protect agent" who monitors it and sends "Instant emergency response" in case of an emergency.

The return of a missing autistic teen to his family in the Bronx earlier this month was done by Citizen employees on a "Street Team" that films and interacts with people while pretending to be ordinary app users.

Employee performance is measured by how many seconds it takes workers to input an incident into the app and how many incidents they cover.

Citizen's grand vision has never been a secret: From its initial launch as an app called "Vigilante" in 2016, the company pictured a world in which people were alerted to crime as it happened, and then app users stepped in to stop it before the police needed to intervene. In the Vigilante launch advertisement, a criminal stalks and then attacks a woman in New York City. The app broadcasts the location of this active crime to Vigilante's users, and a horde of people descend on the criminal, stopping the crime in progress: "Can injustice survive transparency?" the ad asks.

Thus far, however, Citizen has essentially been a social network for reporting crime that operates in around 50 cities. Citizen workers listen to and summarize police scanner audio as "incidents," which are then pushed to the app. Users can also post their own incidents, upload photos and videos, and comment on or react to incidents with emojis. The app allows users to search "around you" for incidents, and also sends push alerts to users for nearby events.

"The whole idea behind Protect is that you could convince people to pay for the product once you’ve gotten them to the highest point of anxiety you can possibly get them to," one former employee said, referring to Citizen's subscription service. "Citizen can’t make money unless it makes its users believe there are constant, urgent threats around them at all times," they added. A Citizen spokesperson denied this in a statement: "It’s actually the opposite. With user feedback in mind, we have designed the Citizen home screen so users only see relevant, real-time information within their immediate surroundings," the spokesperson said.

The disastrous Palisades fire bounty hunt and the discovery of a Citizen-branded "private patrol" vehicle driving around Los Angeles (part of a pilot program in which Citizen envisions offering a physical private security force to respond to the problems of its users) hint that Citizen's goals essentially remain the same as Vigilante's.

Frame seems to imagine Citizen as an all-encompassing crime-fighting machine that he believes will make the world safer. In Slack messages viewed by Motherboard, Frame calls ProtectOS, the system Citizen uses to create incidents and push them out to users, "the most powerful operating system ever created."

"Our vision is a global safety network of people protecting each other—a world in which a kidnapping is impossible, because everyone is looking out for each other, and neighbors are alerted as soon as a kidnapping attempt is made," a Citizen spokesperson told Motherboard in a statement.

Vigilante was instantly controversial for a variety of reasons. Unsurprisingly, police said the app encouraged vigilantism. Critics worried that the app's users would racially profile Black people as suspicious, as happened on other safety-focused apps. Apple took the app out of the App Store because it violated terms of service that ban apps that risk "physical harm to people." The app relaunched as "Citizen" in 2017, with Frame saying that the original name "distracted from our mission" and that people should not take the law into their own hands. They should use Citizen to avoid crime rather than fight it.

In practice, Citizen is an app that experts say fuels paranoia and a fear of one's neighbors and surroundings by reporting "suspicious" people. Many of the incidents reported on the app are about people experiencing homelessness, for example.

"It plays into people’s anxieties and fears and magnifies people’s fears of the other and who and what they think should not exist in their neighborhood or their area," Chris Gilliard, a research fellow with the Technology and Social Change Research Project at Harvard Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center, said. "As we’ve seen, that often means people who don’t look like them."

One former Citizen employee told Motherboard that a portion of the app's user base is "insanely racist, which comes out in comment sections that are especially vile even by the standards of internet comment sections." Citizen does moderate comments, but "two people having an argument about whether or not someone’s comment is racist drives engagement," the source added. A hacker recently scraped a wealth of information from Citizen, including user comments that repeatedly use the N-word, according to a screenshot provided by the hacker. Some of these were deleted by Citizen, but racist comments are regularly posted on incidents.

Citizen incentivizes both its employees and the public to create incidents because they are the core currency of the app and what drives user engagement, user retention, and a sense of reliance on the app itself. The scrape of Citizen data published by the hacker earlier this week and shared with Motherboard shows at least 1.7 million incidents in the United States.

The weekly incidents on Citizen, using data scraped by the hacker. Image: Ishaan Jhaveri, Computational Research Fellow, Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University.

Workers have been measured by how many Citizen users see incidents they covered, how many reports they produce, and how quickly they do so, multiple former employees told Motherboard.

"It’s basically an anxiety sweatshop," a Citizen source said. "On days when things are 'slow,' they relax the standards around incidents because a dip in incident count is really bad," they added. The company sends congratulatory emails announcing which analysts reported the highest number of incidents, another source added.

This results in Citizen warning users about "everything," according to one former employee. This includes lost dogs, minor car crashes, unsubstantiated reports of gunshots, and domestic incidents, they said. This week in Los Angeles, incidents ranged in severity from "assault" to "gunfire" to "two men brawling" to "injured bird," "firefighter activity," and "crowd gathered."

“In a healthy society we are typically not incentivized to sensationalize mundane events and code them as crime. I can’t help but think it plays into people’s anxieties and fears and magnifies people’s fears of the other,” Gilliard said. “What’s really dangerous is the ways they’re starting to serve as infrastructure, where people start to feel like they have to use them to maintain society and order.”

A former employee added, "They don’t much care about the accuracy or the usefulness of the information they put out, they just want to push as many notifications to create that feeling of vulnerability that leads people to the subscription services."

Another former employee said that although fear is an aspect of the app, it isn't the only one: Notifications about fires get a lot of engagement, even if the danger to other people is not imminent, "because the videos get crazy." They added that Citizen sometimes acts as a source of entertainment for users. "People like to read about and watch videos of incidents around them," they said.

Even Frame, the company's CEO, acknowledges Citizen's bombardment of notifications. "We send so many dumb notifs," Frame said in one of the Slack messages obtained by Motherboard.

Andrew Frame. Image: Steve Jennings/Getty Images for TechCrunch.

There is a formal process for creating incidents, one of the sources explained. Medical calls are not reported and domestic violence incidents are recorded at an intersection rather than an address, they said. But "the guidelines evolve, and there is definitely disagreement internally over the guidelines." In the Palisades incident, Frame said he "overrode the policy we have for Mission Control" in official notes from a company all-hands meeting.

A Citizen spokesperson said in a statement that "We continue to work to improve the relevance and frequency of notifications. In addition, we are focused on reducing the reach of notifications about violent incidents, and increasing the reach of notifications about incidents such as missing people or pets being reunited with their families—we could all use some more good news."

To help with the deluge of incidents that Citizen creates, it has outsourced work to CloudFactory, a data processing service, three sources told Motherboard. CloudFactory uses workers based in Kenya and Nepal, according to CloudFactory's website. Citizen's use of CloudFactory has not been previously reported. CloudFactory did not respond to a request for comment.

Citizen hires "central analysts" to listen to police scanners and then enter information into Citizen so users can receive a notification about an incident close to them. Now some of those jobs are being filled by CloudFactory.

Citizen's outsourcing of labor overseas is making U.S. employees nervous they may lose their jobs, one added. They added that the U.S. workers train the CloudFactory workers. Because Citizen is focused on specific cities in the United States, remote workers at CloudFactory are inherently not on the ground, though Citizen says its own "analysts" review incident updates.

A Citizen spokesperson told Motherboard in an email that "As the company grows, we are working with CloudFactory to augment our team. All incident updates and alerts continue to be reviewed by our 24/7 team of Citizen analysts."

Citizen believes that the more people who click into the app, the more users sign up, a source with knowledge of the company's operations said. So, like many other apps and tech companies, Citizen experiments to see where the optimal engagement may be.

But Citizen presents itself as a public-safety service while also trying to increase engagement. This creates a fundamental friction that, at best, ends with a barrage of useless push notifications. At worst, it ends with the CEO putting a bounty on an innocent person's head.

"It’s basically an anxiety sweatshop."

Ultimately, monetizing its user base has also led Citizen to test a product where users could order on-demand help from a private security service. This month, Motherboard reported that a Citizen-branded vehicle was driving around Los Angeles. Leaked emails showed the vehicle was part of a pilot working with Los Angeles Professional Security, a local security company whose CEO wants the power to arrest people and take them to jail. Citizen told CBS on Wednesday that the trial with Los Angeles Professional Security is now over.

The emails also showed Citizen is testing the program with well-known security firm Securitas, and claimed that high-level members of the LAPD said the product could be a game changer. A Citizen spokesperson told Motherboard at the time that the vehicle was part of a trial to test a service for users that, for example, may want an escort to walk them home. But details from internal emails already published by Motherboard explain that Citizen believes it can help with property crime.

This move explicitly into the private security space is directly linked to Citizen's potential plans for monetization. A Citizen product roadmap document obtained by Motherboard lists "Paid Private Response" under a section titled "$$$." That section also mentions "Insurance Perks," "Open Hardware Platform," and "Send First Responders.". One former employee mentioned that OnAir, the broadcasting service used during the manhunt, may be turned into a premium content service, and the roadmap also mentions "Live Video" under the "$$$" section.

A Citizen spokesperson told Motherboard in an email that the company's monetization plan fits with its vision of being a global safety network of people protecting each other, but did not specify what that would involve. "We will not serve ads or sell user data," the spokesperson said.

"I never thought Citizen would go this far," one of the sources said. "I didn’t anticipate the ways they would circumvent the police and go that much further," referring to the private security force Citizen piloted in Los Angeles.

While Frame was instructing his team to up the stakes of the search for the alleged arsonist, the public faces of the manhunt were two people presenting Citizen's live broadcast. As part of its OnAir product, Citizen essentially runs a pseudo-cable news TV show, with presenters reading out tips they've received from the public, speaking to people on the ground, and, in the case of the wildfire, reminding users that Citizen was offering a bounty for information leading to the arrest of the suspect.

"We mobilized the community, people in the Palisades area and surrounding. People have sent in so many tips saying that this is the guy," a woman named Kris, the main host of the broadcast, said. (A Motherboard employee in Los Angeles repeatedly got push notifications during the stream and took notes at the time.) "We had a bunch of people send in the photo that this is a known arsonist in the area. They know this guy, this is where he hangs out. While it's not official, so many people have thrown out this guy's name. He goes by the name [redacted by Motherboard] and it seems like everybody in the community knows this is the guy. So we are offering a $30,000 reward."

Toward the end of the night, Kris had been joined by Prince Mapp, Citizen's head of community. He pointed out the stakes: "When have you seen 860,495 people committed to finding one person? We have mobilized a city to bring one person to justice," he said. "Look for [the person's name]. Look for him. Family members of [the person's name]. He wasn't just brought on this world by himself, we need your help. We need you to help us contact him and identify where he is. We need the scent of his clothing. We need this man off the street so we can stop burning the city of Los Angeles […] This person is the devil and we need to get him off the street. We need to get our city back in order."

Throughout the night, these broadcasters were being coached behind the scenes in another Slack room that Andrew Frame seemingly didn't participate in much that night: "Kris, keep repeating the $10k reward. 'LET'S FIND THIS ARSONIST,'" one employee wrote. "REWARD. MONEY MONEY MONEY," they added later. "Don't stop mentioning reward for the next 7 minutes."

The model for the Palisades fire response, according to official notes posted in a Slack room from an all-hands meeting about the incident, was similar to something that happened in the Bronx earlier this month, when an autistic boy called Jeremiah went missing. "We had this really strong moment with Jeremiah," the notes quote Frame as saying. "This seemed like a perfect opportunity to use OnAir."

In that case, Citizen users went to Jeremiah's family's house and started filming, and Citizen itself started one of its OnAir broadcasts, where, similar to the bounty case, hosts read out incoming tips and interview users on the ground.

"There had been sightings of him running away from users trying to approach him," a source with knowledge of Citizen's operations said.

Eventually, two users found Jeremiah at a Target and he agreed to go with them. Jeremiah got in their car and the people took him home.

"They kept the broadcast going and had his grandma and mom on speakerphone," the source added. "People were also concerned that he got in a car with random strangers."

After the incident, Citizen uploaded a supercut of the event, with the Citizen users finding Jeremiah and him being reunited with his family. The company added hopeful background music to the footage. A Citizen spokesperson told Motherboard in a statement that "In the last 30 days, Citizen has shared critical safety information that has contributed to at least four missing people, including a 13-year-old autistic boy, reuniting with their families."

What the video didn't make clear is that the people on the ground filming Jeremiah and speaking to his family were not Citizen users. They were part of Citizen's "Street Team," who go out to events and contribute footage to the app while posing as ordinary users. Two sources confirmed the Street Team's existence; Citizen doesn't publicly acknowledge the existence of this team, one of the sources said. The sources added they believe the purpose of the Street Team is to make regular users think they could get involved too, so they will start broadcasting their own footage. "Essentially for engagement," one of the people said.

A screenshot of the OnAir broadcast featuring Jeremiah. Redaction by Motherboard. Image: Citizen.

"These Street Team members were not dressed in Citizen gear and looked like regular users," the source added. A document written by the company after the incident says "When Jeremiah went with Prince and Chris into the car, users did not know that they were members of the Citizen team. As a user, this scene could be alarming. Commenters had already shared how kids with autism might go easily with strangers, and then they watched the live broadcast as he did just that. Moving forward, how can we ensure our street team is presented as a safe community alternative to police?"

Asked about the Street Team, a Citizen spokesperson told Motherboard in an email that "From time to time, we put temporary teams in place in some of the cities where Citizen is available to demonstrate how the platform works, and to show responsible broadcasting practices—similar to how social media platforms have paid creators." Slack chats obtained by Motherboard indicate Citizen may have used a Street Team during the bounty incident as well.

The Citizen document about the Jeremiah case also reflected on what could be improved, asked how the app could be changed to help setup search parties for users to join, or for people to report missing persons, and acknowledged that there were significant privacy, safety, and special needs issues with how Citizen handled the live streaming of a search for an autistic child.

Externally, this was presented as a success.

"If you're watching Citizen, keep watching so we can reunite more people, and use technology for good," the narrator of the recap video posted by Citizen said.

"The Jeremiah incident was spun extremely positive despite all red flags—a missing child was found live. That was how it was presented. So it was essentially fuel for them to continue searching for these big incidents that would activate users," a source with knowledge of the company's operations added.

Shortly after, another such incident appeared: the Palisades wildfire. In contrast to how the Jeremiah broadcaster said Citizen was about reuniting people and using technology for good, during the Palisades manhunt Frame said on Slack he wanted to create a situation where criminals felt like "'This is tech closing in on you. Good luck buddy.'"

Publicly, Citizen said it was very sorry for the Palisades fire incident and for putting a bounty on the head of an innocent man. The company called the entire incident "a mistake we are taking very seriously."

Kris and Prince, two of the public faces of the manhunt, both posted lengthy messages on Slack about what they believe happened Saturday night. Kris said she didn't know what she was getting into: "It was not immediately clear that the pursuit/reward was the angle of the OnAir. we have successfully covered wildfires before without that aspect," she said. "I will say I agreed to help before I understood this but that I take full responsibility for not backing out once it was clear I’d have to say the reward."

Prince said "I went too far and I'm willing to accept the consequences. We should not be labeled as lynchers or encourage anyone to capture. I understand that we are not a news app. We are not the cops either."

While many employees at Citizen felt the Pacific Palisades incident was a huge mistake, Andrew Frame looked at it differently. While Frame showed some contrition, he sees the bounty experiment as a "massive net win," a step on the way for his app to become a private safety network that is "going into what the government is failing to do," which is, in the company's mind, failing to keep people safe, according to his Slack response to Prince.

Firefighters battle the Palisades fire in Los Angeles. Image: Eric Thayer/Bloomberg via Getty Images.

"There is no consequence for taking a risk, safe environment," he said, not acknowledging the potential danger the company put the man they falsely accused in. "This product work is the future of the world … the team came together on a Saturday and pulled off something incredibly awesome."

In a later all-hands the Wednesday after the incident, Frame admitted that the company "got a lot of things wrong Saturday," according to official notes posted on Slack and obtained by Motherboard. But "even though this feels really bad on the outside, it's not nearly as bad as it may feel. One of our investors wants to assuage everyone's concerns," Frame said. "The investors have never been more excited."

"For me, this is a cultural milestone," he said, adding that the team had devised a new strategy: "The next 50-100 OnAir stories will be heartwarming ones because we will do this responsibly." When asked questions about the meeting, a Citizen spokesperson told Motherboard in a statement that "We don’t comment on anecdotes from internal meetings that are taken out of context."

Frame said at the all-hands that he is still performing a manhunt for the person Citizen falsely accused, but this time in order to apologize.

"We need to find this person and we are actively looking to find him. We are not done when it comes to this person," notes from the all-hands say. "Andrew [Frame] said they are working on that and this has the chance to turn into a very happy moment."

‘FIND THIS FUCK:’ Inside Citizen’s Dangerous Effort to Cash In On Vigilantism syndicated from https://triviaqaweb.wordpress.com/feed/

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webapplicationpenetrationt-blog1 · 6 years ago

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Web Application Penetration Testing

Additional active methods were discussed as well such as DNS scans using a variety of different tools and methods of Penetration Testing. DNSRecon is useful for automating many of the DNS enumeration tasks above, and can often find extra information that may have been missed. For ideas on Web Application Penetration Testing see below.

Don’t be discouraged if you don’t have all the essential skills which I’ve listed here but rather pop the hood by learning them. The most valued certifications offered by this organization have certainly created a high reputation for them. Microsoft's certifications are an example of "vendor-specific" certifications. You are not alone. These are the Burp extensions that I typically use in most engagements. While you’ve been mapping the application and conducting the initial parts of discovery Burp Passive Scanner has been running in the background analyzing the target for vulnerabilities. Class begins on April 3rd, 2017 (Monday through Saturday) when we will learn all about web app pen testing while preparing for the GIAC GWAPT (Web Application Penetration Tester) certification. Submitting random strings to those boxes for a while hopefully hits the bugged code path.

Web Application Penetration Testing

Critical web applications typically only involve a small number of customers or business partners. This includes, not only, The OWASP Top 10 but also flaws in application business logic. This is also a good time to make note of any areas of the application where you are expected to complete a series of actions in a certain order. Moreover operating systems like Kali linux, Backtrack, Parrot Security OS are linux based. These tests are often performed by third parties, but internal security teams sometimes do their own scanning and spot checks. This kind of security examination appears to consist of simulating attacks from insiders with some confidential knowledge of security implementations or from either outsiders with no special insider knowledge of system defenses. In virtually all these early studies, tiger teams successfully broke into all targeted computer systems, as the country's time-sharing systems had poor defenses. Keep external facing web applications with real world access, locked down by additional Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, and if possible run these applications in their own DMZ, and virtual environment. For more details on Web Application Penetration Testing follow the link.

Maintaining Access - Maintaining access requires taking the steps involved in being able to be persistently within the target environment in order to gather as much data as possible. They may perform data quality audits. For web application penetration testing you may find lot of tools in the market. For example, using open source search engines can be used to find out data which can be used in a social engineering attack. Section four is a freebie, if you successfully exploited all the servers in section 3 and properly collected the PII not just the PII in the questions then you could formulate a spreadsheet of the employee’s PII data. Combined with misconfiguration issues such as verbose error messages this can lead to significant amounts of data being compromised by an attacker. Once you know the way the application is intended to be used you can start to reason how it could be exploited.

Their web application penetration testing also provides an in-depth assessment and they provide their client’s with utmost confidentiality. Ideally the first thing you should do prior to testing a REST web service is read the documentation if it is available. The General Services Administration (GSA) has standardized the "penetration test" service as a pre-vetted support service, to rapidly address potential vulnerabilities, and stop adversaries before they impact US federal, state and local governments. Get notified about trending vulnerabilities, virus, trojans, malwares etc.. This involves testing for a few injection types, scripting, websockets, web messaging, and so on. When searching for vulnerabilities in websites and web apps, manual web application penetration testing is essential. Thus, properly testing configuration management is a business-critical activity that must be performed. The prioritized list is used to direct the actual testing of the system. The CISA certification from ISACA is ISO/IEC 17024 certified. CompTIA’s Advanced Security Practitioner or CASP certification is a vendor-neutral certification in information security at an enterprise level. This certification offers a qualification, which shows a professional is capable of a certain level.

Certified Professional has greater training on network administration, hardware installation and network security. For any company that makes use of multiple computers along with internet connections, there is a risk of network exposure. I’ll often use Burp Intruder to fuzz the User-Agent and Referer headers for some of these pages as well. Discover Content is a Burp tool that exists specifically for this purpose. Something very important to keep in mind: The purpose of discovery is to simply identify the flaws, whereas with exploitation we want to see how far they go. Plus, I enjoy learning from a firehouse and Eric being from Boston area was able to keep up with that pace! It is independent of vendor hardware, like Microsoft’s MCSE or Cisco’s proprietary credentials. The attack type you should typically use in intruder for this type of fuzzing is Cluster Bomb. Under budget and time constraints, fuzzing is a common technique that discovers vulnerabilities. This is also a good time to test for unrestricted file upload with Web Application Penetration Testing.

#Web Application Penetration Testing

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mysticdragonkid · 4 years ago

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Premiere Pro Cs4 Download

Adobe Premiere Pro is part of these download collections: Video Editors, Edit MP4, Edit 3GP, Edit MPEG. Adobe Premiere Pro was reviewed by Elena Opris. If you purchased from the web, you will also be given a download link specifically for the Adobe After Effects and Premiere Pro CS4 installer. Download those files to a folder on your computer and double click on the.exe. The files will self-extract and the installer will launch automatically.

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With the release of macOS 10.13 High Sierra, you’re probably wondering whether your Adobe software will work in the new Mac operating system.

With every macOS upgrade, full information about compatibility is typically not available on the day the new system is released or even shortly after. More information emerges over time, especially as Apple, Adobe, and other software developers test with the final public release and produce updates with fixes. I’ll update this article as new information comes out.

If you use your Mac to run a business or another activity where you can’t afford to lose productivity, do not upgrade to High Sierra until you’ve made plans to fully recover your previous configuration if things don’t work out. (That applies to any operating system upgrade on any device.) Wait until you are confident that all of your software and hardware is compatible, then back up everything, then upgrade.

To make the best use of my time and yours, I focus on verified reports or reports acknowledged by Adobe, and generally avoid repeating random anecdotes. But I do mention my own experiences.

The next section is about recent Creative Cloud versions. If you’re looking for information about older versions, jump to:

Official statements and verified reports

Note: On October 18, 2017, Adobe announced the 2018 release of Creative Cloud applications and made them available for download. These are the most compatible with High Sierra.

Adobe typically publishes compatibility information after they have had a chance to test with the version actually released to the public, so expect this section to be updated over time. Here is what’s known so far:

High Sierra compatibility FAQ

Adobe has posted a document covering High Sierra compatibility with Adobe Creative Cloud applications in general (macOS High Sierra (10.13) compatibility FAQ Creative Cloud). It links to a number of application-specific documents which I’ve also linked to below.

Adobe Photoshop

The Photoshop team posted the document Photoshop and High Sierra macOS 10.13 listing the issues they’re aware of.

If the High Sierra upgrade converted your boot volume’s file system to the new APFS file system, in Photoshop CC 2017 or earlier you won’t be able to assign your boot volume as a scratch disk in the Scratch Disks section of the Preferences dialog box. This is fixed in the 2018 release of Photoshop CC.

For Photoshop CC 2017 or earlier, if you have an HFS+ volume mounted, such as a partition or external drive, you can still assign that. Just keep in mind that a scratch disk should be both large and fast. Even though the list of scratch drives is blank in Preferences, Photoshop doesn’t display an error, and continues to work. There’s also a Scratch Disk settings dialog box you can pop up by pressing the Command and Option keys as Photoshop starts up; that does list an APFS boot drive (as Startup, not as its volume name) and appears to allow it there. This may mean Photoshop is able to use the APFS boot drive anyway, but isn’t reporting it properly in the Scratch Disks section of the Preferences dialog box. It is unlikely that this will be fixed for versions of Photoshop earlier than CC 2018.

Adobe Lightroom Classic CC

The Lightroom team has posted a compatibility document (Lightroom and High Sierra macOS v10.13). However, it lists only one issue; to see other issues discovered and being discussed visit the official Lightroom Classic CC Feedback page. If you are running Lightroom 1–5, you may also want to review the Adobe compatibility document for macOS Sierra (Lightroom and Sierra macOS 10.12), because older versions of Lightroom have several known compatibility problems with macOS 10.12 Sierra and later.

Victoria Bampton (the “Lightroom Queen”) also has information (Lightroom and macOS High Sierra Compatibility), about current and older versions of Lightroom. Some of the issues may be fixed in Lightroom Classic CC.

Some Lightroom presets may fail to sort in alphabetical order in High Sierra; Adobe has acknowledged this issue at feedback.photoshop.com. This is at least partially fixed in Lightroom 6.13 and in Lightroom Classic CC (7).

For a few users (not all), Lightroom 6/CC 2015 crashes on launch in High Sierra. Some have been able to resolve this by adjusting permissions on the Lightroom application folder.

The panel and filmstrip areas may black out at times. This is apparently related to macOS graphics issues. macOS 10.13.2 should fix most of the occurrences, and for other versions the Lightroom team has attempted to work around the problem as much as possible. To best avoid the problem, Adobe says:

…make sure your macOS is updated to at least macOS Sierra 10.12 and at least Lightroom Classic 7.0 or Lightroom 6.13. The best combo to avoid this issue is being on macOS High Sierra 10.13 and Lightroom Classic 7.1 or Lightroom 6.13. The team has worked pretty hard with Apple to get this issue to stop appearing with macOS Sierra 10.12 and macOS High Sierra 10.13. Improvements were made in 10.12 and iterated upon for 10.13.

Adobe Illustrator CC 2017

The Illustrator team posted a compatibility document (Illustrator and High Sierra). It lists issues with APFS, color management default settings, and GPU rendering. Some of those problems are fixed in the 2018 release of Adobe Illustrator CC.

Adobe InDesign CC 2017

The InDesign team has posted a compatibility document (InDesign and High Sierra compatibility).

There was a widely reported visual problem with the mouse pointer in Adobe InDesign on High Sierra. Investigation by Adobe and Apple revealed this to be an Apple bug. It’s fixed in the macOS 10.13 Supplemental Update which became available on October 5, 2017. Install it from the Mac App Store, Updates tab; or from the link above.

Adobe Premiere Pro

While there’s no published document about High Sierra compatibility that I know of, an Adobe representative said, in a post on the Adobe Forums:

I talked to product management. You should be good to go with macOS High Sierra right now. As an editor, I would not change the OS if I was in the middle of an important project, however.

While not specific to High Sierra, one issue that may affect Mac users is that in Premiere Pro CC 12.1 or later, Adobe no longer supports Apple QuickTime 7 era codecs that were deprecated by Apple back in 2013. However, those codecs still turn up in a lot of places so people (like me) are finding problems with those clips may no longer work properly in Premiere Pro. The only workaround at this time is to use the Creative Cloud desktop application to uninstall Premiere Pro CC 12.1 and reinstall version 12.0.1.

Adobe After Effects

The After Effects team has posted a compatibility document (Known issues in After Effects CC (15.1)).

Older versions of Adobe software (CS3–CS6)

Adobe software older than the Creative Cloud (CC) versions are not officially supported on macOS 10.13 High Sierra. That doesn’t necessarily mean they won’t work; it just means that if those old versions have any new issues related to macOS 10.13 High Sierra, there won’t be any updates to address them (in other words, the only version with the High Sierra fixes will be the current version).

I have upgraded my test Mac to the release version of High Sierra. Based on some quick tests I did, Adobe applications before CS6 do not run as smoothly as they did in earlier versions of macOS/OS X. The CS3–CS5 applications seem particularly risky to me.

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There are more hoops to jump through to get the installers to work (see below), and I’m having trouble getting some installers to accept serial numbers they accepted in Sierra. While I can install and run Photoshop CS3 and CS4, some of the older CS3/CS4 applications like Illustrator and InDesign aren’t starting up properly for me. CS5 applications run better, but some were crashing after I quit normally. High Sierra is the first macOS version where I really think it’s time for CS3–CS5 users to move on; the code in CS3 is a decade old at this point.

Photoshop CS3 can at least install and start up in macOS 10.13 High Sierra.

Adobe doesn’t test older (pre-Creative Cloud) software for compatibility because covering all of the features for multiple older versions would require extensive testing, and I also don’t have time to verify everything from importing to editing to printing. If you still depend on those old versions for serious production or need information about a specific feature (especially “does it work with my printer/tablet/scanner etc.”), you need to set up a test system to verify your workflow on High Sierra before upgrading your production system (see How to test macOS 10.13 High Sierra yourself below). And if your tests determine that your programs won’t run well under High Sierra but you want to upgrade, consider maintaining a system on a spare hard drive or partition just to run an older version of macOS for those applications.

Many older applications have problems in High Sierra simply because over the years, Apple has changed so much of the code in OS X/macOS. Even Apple’s own professional software is affected; older versions of Apple Final Cut Pro, Motion, Compressor, Logic Pro, and MainStage won’t run in High Sierra (see About Apple Pro Apps and macOS High Sierra).

With that in mind, here are some notes about getting older Adobe software to run in High Sierra.

Installing and activating older Adobe software on High Sierra

As in Sierra and earlier, older Adobe applications are able to launch only after you run the Apple installer for Java for OS X 2015-001. If you see the alert below, clicking More Info takes you directly to the Apple download page for that software. Java for OS X 2015-001 isn’t the most current version of Java for Mac, so be aware that installing it may introduce incompatibilities or security vulnerabilities.

Be prepared to uninstall and reinstall if needed. Adobe applications were already installed when I upgraded my test Mac to High Sierra. After the upgrade, some older Adobe applications had licensing errors. I was able to fix these by uninstalling and reinstalling those applications, and the lesson here is to always make sure you have all of the information you need (such as license keys or registration numbers) to reinstall any of your key software. You may also need to reset Adobe licensing files on your Mac (see Registration servers, update servers, and activation servers below).

If you can’t find your old Adobe installers, you may be able to download them from a page on the Adobe web site (Adobe software and other downloads) which has links to many older versions of Adobe Creative Suite applications such as Photoshop and Illustrator, along with Lightroom and more.

macOS Gatekeeper may prevent older Adobe installers or software from starting: Gatekeeper is an Apple security feature (added in Mountain Lion) that helps prevent malicious applications from running. If you run Adobe installers or software released before Gatekeeper, you should know what to do if Gatekeeper prevents Adobe software from starting. Adobe covers that in this tech note: Error “has not been signed by a recognized distributor” Launch Adobe applications Mac OS. The short answer is to bypass the error by right-clicking the application icon, then choose Open from the context menu. Depending on the Mac you use, instead of right-clicking you can also Control-click, or if you have a trackpad set up for two-finger secondary click you can do it that way instead.

“Installer Failed to Initialize” error, or installer failing to run. Some Adobe installers may fail to launch silently, or with the error “We’ve encountered the following issue. Installer failed to initialize. This could be due to a missing file. Please download Adobe Support Advisor to detect the problem.”

Unfortunately, Adobe Support Advisor no longer exists, but there is an immediate workaround that should get the installer going:

Right-click (or Control-click) the installer and choose Show Package Contents.

In the Install window that opens in the Finder, go to the Contents/MacOS folder, and in there, double-click Install. That will open the Terminal application, some lines of code will automatically run, and the actual Installer should successfully launch.

Make a note of this workaround, because any pre-CC installers are unlikely to be updated.

The error message is documented in an Adobe help page:Installing Creative Suite on macOS 10.12 (Sierra). But I found that the same workaround helped when the Photoshop CS3 installer silently failed after I double-clicked it.

Registration servers, update servers, and activation servers. If you get a message saying that a registration or update server is not available in an old Adobe application, that won’t stop the application itself from working so it’s not much of a concern. However, being unable to reach an activation server may keep an application in a trial period with an expiration date. If you’re trying to install a CS3 application, you will probably need to get a new serial number that doesn’t require activation, because Adobe retired the activation server. You can get that at this Adobe page: Activation or connection error CS3, Acrobat 8. For help with Adobe licensing and activation problems, see the Adobe help pages Activation and deactivation troubleshooting and Troubleshoot activation limit reached or sign-in failed errors.

Adobe Creative Suite 2 (CS2) compatibility

There is no way to run Adobe CS2 software on macOS 10.13 High Sierra. The only option is to use a newer version of the software.

The question of CS2 compatibility comes up during every recent Mac system upgrade. Some users moving up from older Macs running 10.6.8 or earlier to new Macs with the latest OS version may still be using the Creative Suite 2 (CS2) version of Adobe software, such as Adobe Photoshop CS2. As with the last several major Mac system upgrades, macOS 10.13 High Sierra requires that software be written for the Intel processors that have been running Macs for over 10 years. But CS2 applications were written for the PowerPC processors that ran older Macs. The last version of Mac OS X to run PowerPC software was OS X 10.6.8 Snow Leopard.

Other ways High Sierra may affect Adobe software

A few more changes in High Sierra have potential implications for Adobe users.

APFS (Apple File System)

The file system is the part of the OS that keeps track of all your files. This is such a fundamental function that when that changes, there is great potential for big problems if the transition isn’t handled 100% properly. High Sierra is built on top of the new Apple File System (APFS), which is designed around security, reliability, and the ability to work across macOS, iOS, tvOS and watchOS. APFS will eventually replace the decades-old HFS+, but for now, High Sierra can work with APFS or HFS+.

If your Mac’s system volume is on a solid-state drive (SSD), the High Sierra installer converts its file system to APFS; this is not optional. At this time, upgrading to High Sierra will not convert system volumes based on hard drives or Fusion drives, but that’s expected to happen in a later release.

I haven’t had obvious problems installing or using older Adobe software on the APFS volume that’s created by default, but some of the random glitches I’ve seen in CS3–CS5 applications may be related to APFS. Some Adobe features that involve a folder or drive location (such as the scratch disk feature of Photoshop) may not work properly with APFS. Also, the Illustrator CC tech note linked above notes errors you may encounter related to APFS.

When APFS was originally made available to developers for testing, it was case-sensitive. This raised concerns about Adobe application compatibility because most Adobe installers do not work on case-sensitive file systems. But during the beta period, Apple developed a case-insensitive version of APFS, and that is the version that the final installer for High Sierra uses when it converts a boot volume to APFS. Maybe that’s why many old and current Adobe installers still work in High Sierra.

If you have trouble using a feature that interacts with the file system, it could be related to an incompatibility with APFS.

HEIF (High Efficiency Image Format)

Apple added support for the HEIF format in High Sierra. One reason is because it uses less space to save photos at the same quality level as JPEG. Because HEIF is a container format, it can use a single document to store image-related data such as the burst sequences captured by smartphones for animations, focus stacking, and exposure stacking, as well as extra channels and metadata — in other words, it’s a great way to store Live Photos, HDR images, and the depth map from an iPhone camera.

The 2018 release of Photoshop CC adds support for HEIF; this requires macOS 10.13 High Sierra. Specifically, you can load an HEIF depth map into the Lens Blur filter. Lightroom Classic CC 7.4 also adds HEIF support.

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) and H.265

HEVC/H.265 provides more efficient encoding of high resolution video than today’s H.264 standard, especially for 4K resolution and up. HEVC can cut video file size by half without losing perceptible quality. My understanding is that Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe Media Encoder, and other Adobe video applications already have support for HEVC/H.265.

Even if you have the software to encode/decode HEVC/H.265, you also need fast enough hardware because it’s very processor-intensive. Older Macs can’t handle it, but the processors in newer Macs and iOS devices have hardware acceleration for HEVC/H.265 and HEIF.

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External GPU support

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In macOS 10.13.4, Apple added support for external graphics processing units, called external GPUs or eGPUs. The idea is that you put a powerful graphics card inside a box and connect it to your Mac using Thunderbolt, and that upgrades the graphics capabilities of your Mac.

Some applications may not support an eGPU automatically, so if there is an application that you’re especially interested in accelerating with an eGPU, contact the developer to see if their application fully supports an eGPU. At this time, there is no official word from Adobe on which applications work with an eGPU or when compatibility updates will be available. Also, be aware that some eGPU solutions can accelerate only an external display.

eGPU support should help address a big complaint about Macs: You can’t upgrade the graphics hardware of any Mac, unless it’s a Mac Pro. But with an eGPU, you can. The reason eGPUs are practical now is because of the data capacity and throughput that’s finally possible with Thunderbolt 3. It’s enough to smoothly drive a large display at a high resolution.

While Apple was probably driven to add eGPU support to address the needs of augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) developers, eGPUs should open up more graphics acceleration options for photographers, designers, and video editors. For example, instead of having to buy a 15-inch MacBook Pro just to get discrete graphics, you should be able to carry a thin, light 13-inch MacBook Pro around town, and then back at the office plug it into an external GPU that gives it a graphics card more powerful than anything found on a laptop.

Phasing out support for 32-bit applications

Quickbooks 2005 crack serial keygen download. Apple has said that High Sierra is the last version of macOS that will run 32-bit applications “without compromise.” (They may still run in macOS 10.14 Mojave, which Apple has confirmed as the last version of macOS that will run 32-bit applications at all, but Apple won’t promise an optimal experience with them.) Most Mac applications have been written for 64-bit processing for some time now, so if your applications are up to date you may not have any issues here. But if you’ve been holding on to some old 32-bit applications for as long as possible, you won’t be able to run them in the macOS upgrade that comes after High Sierra.

How do you know if you’re running 32-bit applications? Click the Apple menu, choose About This Mac, and click System Report. Now, in the System Information window that opens, click the Applications category, and then (after a slight delay on some systems) look for the 64-Bit (Intel) column. On smaller displays you might need to scroll the list to the right.

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To find out if all your software is 64-bit compatible, check the Applications section in System Information.

How to test macOS 10.13 High Sierra yourself

64-bit

While online compatibility lists are useful, the advice of others can only go so far because it may not reveal problems related to the specific combination of applications and hardware you use. A better way is to test the new macOS upgrade yourself. But be careful: You want to test the new OS without compromising your current working production system, and you have to pay attention to licensing and activation issues. To understand how to do that, read another article I’ve written: How to test a macOS upgrade with your Adobe software

Wondering what High Sierra is all about?

For the most in-depth review you’ll probably find anywhere, read the macOS 10.13 High Sierra review at Ars Technica. As with every major release of the Mac operating system, the Ars Technica review not only evaluates the visible features that Apple promotes, but goes under the surface to explain changes to some of the underlying technologies in macOS and how they affect your Mac experience.

As usual, I will probably wait a few months to upgrade my production Mac to High Sierra. That will give Apple, Adobe, and other developers to release any necessary updates needed to make everything work smoothly together.

This article was originally posted on September 25, 2017 but continues to be updated as new information emerges.

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Adobe Premiere Pro CS4 Overview

Adobe Premiere Pro is an imposing video editing application which can be used for enhancing the videos professionally. Adobe Premiere Pro has got a very illustrious history when it comes to video editing. This impressive video editing application is used by the broadcasting giants like CNN and BBC etc. Adobe Premiere Pro has come up in many versions since its 1st release and the one we are reviewing today is Adobe Premiere Pro CS4. You can also download Adobe Premiere Pro CS5.

Adobe Premiere Pro CS4 has got many worth-mentioning innovations and the most important one of them is that it supports AVHCD files and it has also radically changed the way it outputs. It has got a Speech Recognition feature and it has also got Transcribe button located at the bottom of the user interface. By pressing the Transcribe button the audio tracks will be analyzed and will be converted into text. Various different effects can be applied on multiple clips present in your timeline. All in all Adobe Premiere Pro CS4 is an imposing application which can eb used for editing your videos efficiently. You can also download Adobe After Effects CS5.

Features of Adobe Premiere Pro CS4

Below are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after Adobe Premiere Pro CS4 free download.

Impressive video editing application which can be used for enhancing the videos.

Used by the broadcasting giants CNN and BBC etc.

Supports AHVCD files and changed the way it outputs.

Got a Speech Recognition feature.

Got Transcribe button located at the bottom of the interface.

Can analyze the audio tracks and convert them into text.

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Developers: Adobe

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Epson WorkForce Pro WF-4830 Wireless All-in-One Printer Review

Replacing our 2017 Best of the Year WorkForce Pro WF-4740, Epson's WorkForce Pro WF-4830 Wireless All-in-One Printer ($199.99) is a midrange multifunction (print, copy, scan, and fax) printer aimed primarily at small offices. This year's model comes with similar paper capacity, volume ratings, and features as its predecessor—and boasts a $100 price reduction. Its large, auto-duplexing automatic document feeder (ADF) and two 250-sheet paper trays make it well worth its modest price if you're printing and scanning every day. Overall, the WF-4830 is a fast, feature-rich, business-ready AIO that gives great value for its purchase price.

Tall and Powerful

The WF-4830 is the middle model in a recent five-machine WorkForce Pro refresh. The WF-3820 and WF-4820 are less expensive and less robust; the WF-7820 and WF-7840 are wide-format machines (printing pages up to 13 by 19 inches) that are otherwise similar to the WF-4800s. Assuming you don't need poster printing, the WF-4830 is the obvious choice for most offices with moderate printing needs, as it delivers much more value than the WF-4820 and WF-3820. (I'll talk more about how these machines differ in the sections below that cover relevant productivity and convenience features.)

The WF-4830 measures 13 by 16.7 by 19.8 inches (HWD) and weighs 26.2 pounds. That makes it about two inches taller and 3.3 pounds heftier than the WF-4820. It's about the same size and girth as the HP OfficeJet Pro 9025. The most similar printer that Canon offers is the smaller and lighter (and not nearly as capable) Pixma TR8620.

A much more expensive Epson AIO, the EcoTank Pro ET-5850 (also on our 2017 Best of the Year list), has a notably larger footprint and weighs almost 20 pounds more than the WF-4830 unit. And Brother's MFC-J6945DW (on the 2019 Best of the Year list) is bulkier and heavier still, mostly to accommodate tabloid-size printing. I'm including comparison machines that cost up twice as much as the WF-4830 because I couldn't find recent AIOs in the $200 price range that come with two paper trays, a feature that really makes the WF-4830 stand out in its class.

Another perk of the WF-4830 is a 50-sheet auto-duplexing ADF that automatically scans both sides of two-sided multipage documents. Manual-duplexing feeders, such as the one on the WF-4820, can't capture both sides of two-sided documents without a human standing by to flip the stack. If you're regularly scanning two-sided documents that are more than a couple of pages long, auto-duplexing makes a big difference in convenience and saved time.

Of the other AIOs mentioned here so far, only the Pixma TR8620's 20-sheet ADF is manual-duplexing. The two OfficeJet Pro machines come with 35-sheet feeders, and the ET-5850 and MFC-J6945DW both have 50-sheet ADFs.

The WF-4830's paper input capacity is 500 sheets split between two 250-sheet cassettes. That's 250 sheets more than its closely priced sibling, the WF-4820, and comparable to the higher-end ET-5850, which adds a 50-sheet multipurpose tray that pulls up and out from the back of the machine.

The OfficeJet Pro 9025's paper capacity is the same as the WF-4830's, while the Premier comes with only one 250-sheet cassette. Brother's MFC-J6945DW boasts two 250-sheet cassettes and a 100-sheet multipurpose tray, making it the most versatile of this group. The Canon TR8620's meager 200-sheet capacity is the least robust.

The WF-4830's maximum monthly duty cycle is 33,000 pages, and its suggested monthly volume is 1,600 prints. At that rate, you'll refill the paper trays three to four times a month. Those numbers are comparable to the OfficeJet Pro 9025 and MFC-J6945DW, which are rated at 30,000 pages maximum and 2,000 prints suggested, and the OfficeJet Premier, rated for 25,000 pages maximum and 1,500 prints suggested. Canon doesn't share volume rates for its consumer-grade printers. If your printing volume is considerably higher, the ET-5850 can handle double the WF-4830's workload.

Versatile Controls

Aside from Home and Help buttons residing on either side of the screen, the WF-4830's spacious 4.3-inch color touch-screen control panel controls all its functions. You can set up and execute copy jobs, scan to local drives or cloud sites, monitor ink levels, configure security parameters, generate usage reports, and a lot more. You can also use the WF-4830's built-in web portal from any web browser, including the one on your smartphone or tablet.

The WorkForce Pro AIOs all ship with the same standard interfaces: Ethernet and Wi-Fi for networking, and USB 2.0, Wi-Fi Direct, and Bluetooth LE for direct connections. There's a USB port in a covered compartment to the left of the control panel that lets you print from or scan to USB thumb drives.

Android Print, Apple AirPrint, and Mopria make it easy to connect to the WF-4830 from your mobile device. Epson throws in its Epson Connect suite of utilities: Epson iPrint, Epson Creative Print, and Epson Smart Panel (all compatible with iOS and Android); Epson Email Print; Epson Remote Print; and Scan to Cloud. You also get TWAIN drivers for scanning directly into desktop apps.

For faxing and scanning, you get Epson Fax Utility and Epson's two outstanding scanner interfaces, Scan 2 and ScanSmart, as well as a newcomer to the bundle, the Smart Panel App. Scan 2 has three modes—Home, Office, and Professional—that provide access to features according to expertise levels. ScanSmart is a modular scanner interface that supports plugins, such as Epson's ScanSmart Accounting Edition for gleaning data from receipts, invoices, and other financial documents and converting it for use in bookkeeping programs. ScanSmart also integrates well with document management applications, including Epson's Document Capture Pro.

The newcomer, Smart Panel App, is a remote control panel that runs on your smartphone or tablet. It only works with the latest generation of WorkForce Pro AIOs. I installed it on my Samsung Galaxy Note smartphone and fooled around with it for a while, but the jury is still out as to how necessary it is. I suspect it's mostly a response to HP's Smart App, which is touted as a universal interface that allows you to configure and manage all HP printers and scanners across Windows, Mac, Android, and iOS platforms.

One Quick Inkjet

Like the WF-4820, the WF-4830 is rated at 25 monochrome pages per minute (ppm). During my tests, it performed slightly faster than its rating and its WF-4820 sibling. I put it through its paces over an Ethernet connection to our Intel Core i5 testbed PC running Windows 10 Pro. On the first part of the benchmark regimen, I timed it as it printed several copies of our standard 12-page Microsoft Word text file and came up with an average score of 27.5ppm, or 1.1ppm faster than its WF-4820 sibling and 1.2ppm slower than the ET-5850.

The OfficeJet Pro 9025 beat the WF-4830 by 2.2ppm and the speedy OfficeJet Pro Premier came in ahead of the WF-4830 by 10.1ppm. But the WorkForce Pro turned around and trounced the Brother MFC-J6945DW by 9.2ppm. The Canon Pixma TR8620, at 13.7ppm slower than the WF-4830, ate everybody's dust.

The next part of the testing routine entails printing our collection of colorful and complex Excel spreadsheets with accompanying charts and graphs, PowerPoint handouts containing intricate graphics and fonts of varying sizes and colors, and graphics-laden Adobe Acrobat files. I then combined these scores with the results from printing the text document above and came up with 12ppm, a negligible 0.4ppm faster than the WF-4820.

The other Epson, the ET-5850, beat this one by 6.3ppm. The Brother MFC-J6945DW and the two OfficeJets, the Premier and 9025, had speeds almost identical to the WF-4830's. The Pixma TR8620 managed a paltry 4.7ppm.

To finish up, I clocked the WF-4830 as it churned out several instances of two brilliant and detailed 4-by-6-inch snapshots in an average time of about 13 seconds, 1 second slower than the WF-4820 and near average for this group of inkjets.

Superior Text and Image Printing

Epson's WorkForce Pro AIOs are built around PrecisionCore Heat-Free Technology printheads that utilize ink chips with small, dense, and tightly clustered nozzles that produce some of the best detail and color accuracy in the business-oriented printer space. Granted, nearly all inkjet printers churn out good-looking output these days, but the WorkForce Pro family is clearly one of the best for detail and color accuracy that stand up to close scrutiny.

The WF-4830 printed our common serif and sans-serif sample font pages with crisp, well-shaped, and highly legible characters down to what I could make out without magnification, or about 6 points. The several not-so-common decorative, headline, and theme fonts we test looked good, too. And the colorful and complex business graphics, charts, graphs, and embedded photographs I printed were more than attractive enough for both internal and external business use.

However, it did struggle with a few PowerPoint handouts that contain gradients from light to dark black and from green to black. In some of them, instead of flowing evenly from one color to the next, the gradient stepped, banding perceptibly from shade to shade. The result wasn't awful, but it was obviously not the intended effect.

The photo prints from the WF-4830 were not quite as vibrant as you'd get from an Epson or Canon consumer-grade photo printer (the Editors' Choice–winning Epson XP-7100 comes to mind), but its photo output is good enough for most business applications and even for family photos.

Expensive Per-Page Output

Without some kind of discounted-ink incentive, consumer-grade printers like this one, especially if you push them close to their suggested maximum volume, cost a lot to use. When you buy Epson's so-called high-yield ink cartridges for this printer, monochrome pages will cost you about 3.6 cents each and color prints will run around 11.7 cents each. The more you print, the more you'll care about running costs that are 1 or 2 cents higher per page than those of comparable printers.

For example, let's say that you print 1,600 pages each month (the WF-4830's suggested maximum volume) on a machine with a 1-cent monochrome page cost. Printing 1,600 pages will save you $41 each month, $499 each year, and $2,496 over the expected five-year lifespan of the printer.

I'm comparing this printer to more expensive ones in part because their lower running costs lead to a comparable lifetime cost. The ET-5850 Pro, a bulk-ink EcoTank machine that lists for $900, delivers running costs of 2 cents for both monochrome and color prints. (Note that most of the other EcoTank models, the ones without the "EcoTank Pro" in their names, cost even less to use: 0.3 cent per black page and 0.9 cent for color.) Obviously, you have to print and copy a lot to save enough to make up the difference in purchase price, but when you factor in Epson's current offer of free ink for the first two years you own the ET-5850, the lifetime value math is worth doing.

Both the OfficeJets discussed here are eligible for HP's Instant Ink subscription program, for which the printers monitor ink levels and order more as needed. Subscribing to the $19.99 option gives you your first 700 prints each month for 2.9 cents each and charges $1 for every subsequent 20 pages. If this doesn't sound like an impressive value, keep in mind that we're talking 2.9 cents for every page, even letter-size borderless photos with 100 percent coverage—a fantastic boon if you print a lot of color documents and photos. I should also point out HP is currently offering two free years of its 300-page, $9.99-per-month subscription for Premier owners. Brother's MFC-J5945DW, an INKvestment Tank model, delivers running costs of 0.9 cent per monochrome page and 4.7 cents for color, which isn't bad either.

Finally, Canon's Pixma TR8620, which doesn't offer a bulk-ink incentive, prints monochrome pages for a painful 7 cents and color for 11.7 cents each. However, the Canon Pixma G4210, a bulk-ink AIO, will run you just 0.3 cent for monochrome and 0.9 cent for color.

A Solid and Durable Low-Volume Solution

The WF-4830 is loaded with productivity and convenience features designed to save time and maximize efficiency. It sports valuable improvements over the WF-4820. It's difficult to find a machine with two big paper drawers and a 50-sheet auto-duplexing ADF for under $200. However, this AIO costs more to use than several others in its class, making it less of a value if your print and copy load is more than a few hundred pages each month. If your output volume is modest or you don't mind paying a premium for ink, this sturdy machine will serve you well for several years.

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whystudyabroadessay800 · 4 years ago

Video

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shirlleycoyle · 4 years ago

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‘FIND THIS FUCK:’ Inside Citizen’s Dangerous Effort to Cash In On Vigilantism

Andrew Frame was excited.

"first name? What is it?! publish ALL info," Frame told employees working in a Citizen Slack room who were working on the case.

"FIND THIS FUCK," he told them. "LETS GET THIS GUY BEFORE MIDNIGHT HES GOING DOWN."

"BREAKING NEWS. this guy is the devil. get him," Frame said. "by midnight!@#! we hate this guy. GET HIM."

"Close in on him. 30k Let's get him. No escape. Let's increase. 30k," Frame said. "Notify all of la. Blast to all of la."

"The more courage we have, the more signups we will have. go after bad guys, signups will skyrocket. period … we should catch a new bad guy EVERY DAY," Frame said.

It wasn't Citizen's guy. Frame and the entirety of the Citizen apparatus had spent a whole night putting a bounty on the head of an innocent man.

(Motherboard is not publishing the name of the person Citizen falsely accused, though Citizen repeatedly used it both internally and externally)

Motherboard has learned that:

The return of a missing autistic teen and return him to his family in the Bronx earlier this month was done by Citizen employees on a "Street Team" that films and interacts with people while pretending to be ordinary app users.

Employee performance is measured by how many seconds it takes workers to input an incident into the app and how many incidents they cover.

The weekly incidents on Citizen, using data scraped by the hacker. Image: Ishaan Jhaveri, Computational Research Fellow, Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University.

Workers have been measured by how many Citizen users see incidents they covered, how many reports they produce, and how quickly they do so, multiple former employees told Motherboard.

Even Frame, the company's CEO, acknowledges Citizen's bombardment of notifications. "We send so many dumb notifs," Frame said in one of the Slack messages obtained by Motherboard.

Andrew Frame. Image: Steve Jennings/Getty Images for TechCrunch.

"It’s basically an anxiety sweatshop."

"There had been sightings of him running away from users trying to approach him," a source with knowledge of Citizen's operations said.

Eventually, two users found Jeremiah at a Target and he agreed to go with them. Jeremiah got in their car and the people took him home.

"They kept the broadcast going and had his grandma and mom on speakerphone," the source added. "People were also concerned that he got in a car with random strangers."

A screenshot of the OnAir broadcast featuring Jeremiah. Redaction by Motherboard. Image: Citizen.

Externally, this was presented as a success.

"If you're watching Citizen, keep watching so we can reunite more people, and use technology for good," the narrator of the recap video posted by Citizen said.

Firefighters battle the Palisades fire in Los Angeles. Image: Eric Thayer/Bloomberg via Getty Images.

Frame said at the all-hands that he is still performing a manhunt for the person Citizen falsely accused, but this time in order to apologize.

‘FIND THIS FUCK:’ Inside Citizen’s Dangerous Effort to Cash In On Vigilantism syndicated from https://triviaqaweb.wordpress.com/feed/

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ladystylestores · 4 years ago

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TikTok and 53 other iOS apps still snoop your sensitive clipboard data

In March, researchers uncovered a troubling privacy grab by more than four dozen iOS apps including TikTok, the Chinese-owned social media and video-sharing phenomenon that has taken the Internet by storm. Despite TikTok vowing to curb the practice, it continues to access some of Apple users’ most sensitive data, which can include passwords, cryptocurrency wallet addresses, account-reset links, and personal messages. Another 53 apps identified in March haven’t stopped either.

The privacy invasion is the result of the apps repeatedly reading any text that happens to reside in clipboards, which computers and other devices use to store data that has been cut or copied from things like password managers and email programs. With no clear reason for doing so, researchers Talal Haj Bakry and Tommy Mysk found, the apps deliberately called an iOS programming interface that retrieves text from users’ clipboards.

Universal snooping

In many cases, the covert reading isn’t limited to data stored on the local device. In the event the iPhone or iPad uses the same Apple ID as other Apple devices and are within roughly 10 feet of each other, all of them share a universal clipboard, meaning contents can be copied from the app of one device and pasted into an app running on a separate device.

That leaves open the possibility that an app on an iPhone will read sensitive data on the clipboards of other connected devices. This could include bitcoin addresses, passwords, or email messages that are temporarily stored on the clipboard of a nearby Mac or iPad. Despite running on a separate device, the iOS apps can easily read the sensitive data stored on the other machines.

“It’s very, very dangerous,” Mysk said in an interview on Friday, referring to the apps’ indiscriminate reading of clipboard data. “These apps are reading clipboards, and there’s no reason to do this. An app that doest have a text field to enter text has no reason to read clipboard text.”

The video below demonstrates universal clipboard reading:

youtube

KlipboardSpy: How malicious apps on iPhone and iPad abuse the Universal Clipboard on your Mac.

Back in the news

While Haj Bakry and Mysk published their research in March, the invasive apps made headlines again this week with the developer beta release of iOS 14. A novel feature Apple added provides a banner warning every time an app reads clipboard contents. As large numbers of people began testing the beta release, they quickly came to appreciate just how many apps engage in the practice and just how often they do it.

This YouTube video, which has racked up more than 87,000 views since it was posted on Tuesday, shows a small sample of the apps triggering the new warning

youtube

iOS14 Catches Apps Spying on Your Clipboard

TikTok in the spotlight

Recent headlines have focused particular attention on TikTok, in large part because of its massive base of active users (reported to be 800 million, with an estimated 104 million iOS installs in the first half of 2018 alone, making it the most downloaded app for that period).

TikTok’s continued snooping has gotten extra scrutiny for other reasons. When called out in March, the video-sharing provider told UK publication The Telegraph it would end the practice in the coming weeks. Mysk said that the app never stopped the monitoring. What’s more, a Wednesday Twitter thread revealed that the clipboard reading occurred each time a user entered a punctuation mark or tapped the space bar while composing a comment. That means the clipboard reading can happen every second or so, a much more aggressive pace than documented in the March research, which found monitoring happened when the app was opened or reopened.

To reproduce: 1. Have something on your clipboard. Eg copy some text from Notes or a website 2. Open TikTok and start typing in any text field 3. You learn from iOS 14 beta each time an app “pastes” – but in this instance I didn’t request it, and none of that text appears in UI

— Jeremy Burge (@jeremyburge) June 24, 2020

In a statement, TikTok representatives wrote:

Following the beta release of iOS14 on June 22, users saw notifications while using a number of popular apps. For TikTok, this was triggered by a feature designed to identify repetitive, spammy behavior. We have already submitted an updated version of the app to the App Store removing the anti-spam feature to eliminate any potential confusion.

TikTok is committed to protecting users’ privacy and being transparent about how our app works. We look forward to welcoming outside experts to our Transparency Center later this year.

On background, a spokesperson said that TikTok for Android never implemented the anti-spam feature.

I sent follow-up questions asking (1) if the TikTok version for Android monitored clipboards for any other reason, (2) if any clipboard text was uploaded from the device, and (3) why TikTok didn’t remove the monitoring as promised in March. The spokesperson has yet to respond. This post will be updated if a reply comes later.

Not just TikTok

In all, the researchers found the following iOS apps were reading users’ clipboard data every time the app was opened with no clear reason for doing so:

News

ABC News — com.abcnews.ABCNews

Al Jazeera English — ajenglishiphone

CBC News — ca.cbc.CBCNews

CBS News — com.H443NM7F8H.CBSNews

CNBC — com.nbcuni.cnbc.cnbcrtipad

Fox News — com.foxnews.foxnews

News Break — com.particlenews.newsbreak

New York Times — com.nytimes.NYTimes

NPR — org.npr.nprnews

ntv Nachrichten — de.n-tv.n-tvmobil

Reuters — com.thomsonreuters.Reuters

Russia Today — com.rt.RTNewsEnglish

Stern Nachrichten — de.grunerundjahr.sternneu

The Economist — com.economist.lamarr

The Huffington Post — com.huffingtonpost.HuffingtonPost

The Wall Street Journal — com.dowjones.WSJ.ipad

Vice News — com.vice.news.VICE-News

Games

8 Ball Pool

— com.miniclip.8ballpoolmult

AMAZE!!! — com.amaze.game

Bejeweled — com.ea.ios.bejeweledskies

Block Puzzle —Game.BlockPuzzle

Classic Bejeweled — com.popcap.ios.Bej3

Classic Bejeweled HD —com.popcap.ios.Bej3HD

FlipTheGun — com.playgendary.flipgun

Fruit Ninja — com.halfbrick.FruitNinjaLite

Golfmasters — com.playgendary.sportmasterstwo

Letter Soup — com.candywriter.apollo7

Love Nikki — com.elex.nikki

My Emma — com.crazylabs.myemma

Plants vs. Zombies

Heroes — com.ea.ios.pvzheroes

Pooking – Billiards City — com.pool.club.billiards.city

PUBG Mobile — com.tencent.ig

Tomb of the Mask — com.happymagenta.fromcore

Tomb of the Mask: Color — com.happymagenta.totm2

Total Party Kill — com.adventureislands.totalpartykill

Watermarbling — com.hydro.dipping

Social Networking

TikTok — com.zhiliaoapp.musically

ToTalk — totalk.gofeiyu.com

Tok — com.SimpleDate.Tok

Truecaller — com.truesoftware.TrueCallerOther

Viber — com.viber

Weibo — com.sina.weibo

Zoosk — com.zoosk.Zoosk

Other

10% Happier: Meditation —com.changecollective.tenpercenthappier

5-0 Radio Police Scanner — com.smartestapple.50radiofree

Accuweather — com.yourcompany.TestWithCustomTabs

AliExpress Shopping App — com.alibaba.iAliexpress

Bed Bath & Beyond — com.digby.bedbathbeyond

Dazn — com.dazn.theApp

Hotels.com — com.hotels.HotelsNearMe

Hotel Tonight — com.hoteltonight.prod

Overstock — com.overstock.app

Pigment – Adult Coloring Book — com.pixite.pigment

Recolor Coloring Book to Color — com.sumoing.ReColor

Sky Ticket — de.sky.skyonline

The Weather Network — com.theweathernetwork.weathereyeiphone

Shortly after the report was published, 10% Happier: Meditation and Hotel Tonight promised to stop the behavior and quickly followed through. TikTik also promised to stop but has never done so, Mysk said. None of the other apps has stopped either, he said.

Clipboard reading done right

In some cases, clipboard reading can make apps much more useful. The UPS iPhone app, for instance, pulls text from the clipboard and in the event the text matches the characteristics of a tracking number, the app prompts the user to track the corresponding package. Google Chrome also pulls text and, in the event it’s a URL, will prompt the user to browse to it. The Pixelmator photo editor reads data only if it’s an image. If it is, Pixelmator will prompt the user to open it for editing. In all three cases, the data reading has a clear use case and is transparent.

TikTok and the other offending apps, by contrast, access the clipboard for no clear reason and with no indication they are doing so. For many apps, it’s hard to see any legitimate performance or usability reason for the access. Mysk said that Apple plans to credit his and Haj Bakry’s research as a catalyst for the new clipboard notification put into iOS 14.

The clipboard reading Haj Bakry and Mysk reported raises concerns that likely extend to those using Android and possibly other operating systems. Mysk said that clipboard reading in Android apps is “even worse” than iOS because the OS APIs are so much more lenient. Until version 10, for instance, Android allowed apps running in the background to read the clipboard. iOS apps, by contrast, can read or query clipboards only when active (that is, running in the foreground).

Mysk said that Apple’s notification feature is a good start but, ultimately, Apple and Google should do more. One possibility is to make clipboard access a standard permission, just as access to a mic or camera is now. Another possibility is to require app developers to disclose precisely what clipboard data is accessed and what the app does with it.

For now, users should remain aware that any data stored in the clipboard—despite it being inconspicuous to the naked eye—can be regularly accessed by apps that in many cases aren’t even installed locally on the device. When in doubt, flush the clipboard data by copying a character, word, or other piece of innocuous data.

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receiptbotfan-blog · 6 years ago

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VAT Guide for Small Business Owners

Are you an entrepreneur managing a small business and considering if you should register for VAT? This blog covers some essential information about UK VAT to get you started with your assessment to register or not.

What is VAT?

Value Added Tax or VAT is an indirect tax that is applied to on purchase value of goods and services. In some jurisdictions outside the UK, it is also referred to as Sales Tax of General Sales Tax (GST). In the VAT system, all VAT registered participants in the supply chain have to collect VAT on sales and deposit it to HMRC, after deducting the allowable VAT on their purchases. So effectively every seller collects tax from their customer on the value added to the goods and services, and that’s where the name Value Added Tax comes from.

Who needs to register for VAT?

VAT registration threshold in the UK is a turnover of £85,000 of taxable supplies for a period of consecutive twelve months. So, if your business turnover in the last twelve months exceeds the VAT threshold, then you must register for VAT.

There are two types of registration.

Compulsory Registration

You can determine if you are required to register for VAT by assessing your turnover against the following two tests. If you pass either of the tests, you will need to register for VAT.

Historic Test

If your value of cumulative taxable supplies exceeds £85,000 for twelve consecutive months, then you need to register for VAT. It is important to note that you need to apply this test at the end of every month by calculating the cumulative turnover of taxable supplies for the previous twelve months. It doesn’t have to coincide with the calendar year or your finance or tax year. So if you are a fast growing business, you must pay attention to this limit.

Future Test

You don’t only apply the historic test; you also need to apply a future test. You are required to register for VAT at any time if there are reasonable grounds for believing that your taxable turnover (excluding VAT) in the following 30 days will exceed £85,000 for the cumulative period of twelve months.

Voluntary Registration

You can voluntarily register for VAT even if your taxable turnover falls below the compulsory registration threshold. The definite benefit of registration is that you can claim back the VAT paid on purchases and expenses.

The VAT is charged on taxable supplies. A taxable supply is any supply made in the UK which is not exempt from VAT. Taxable supplies include those which are zero-rated for VAT.

VAT Schemes for SME’s:

For the ease and benefit of SME’s, HMRC has introduced different VAT Schemes for businesses to consider. You need to consider which scheme is suitable for you depending on your business circumstances.

Cash Accounting Scheme

You can only opt for this scheme if your taxable turnover (excluding VAT) for twelve months is not expected to exceed £1,350,000.

You are required to leave this scheme if the value of taxable supplies exceeds £1,600,000. It means, at the time of registering for VAT your expected revenue should not be more than £1,350,000 but once joined you can continue to pay taxes under this scheme unless your taxable revenue exceeds £1,600,000. As above, all calculations are for twelve consecutive months and will have to be assessed at the end of every calendar month for the past twelve months.

Under this scheme, you need to account for the VAT on the basis of cash received or paid. You will also get a benefit that you will not be required to claim back VAT previously paid on sales that eventually turned out bad debt as the VAT is paid when you receive cash from the customer.

Flat Rate Scheme

You can join this scheme if you have an annual taxable turnover (excluding VAT) of up to £150,000.

You need to leave the scheme if the total value of your VAT inclusive supplies in the year is more than £230,000.

Under this scheme, you are required to calculate VAT by applying a fixed percentage (usually depends on the trade sector in which business falls) on your tax inclusive turnover. A 1% reduction of the flat rate is applicable if it’s your first year of VAT registration.

Annual Accounting Scheme

Rather than making quarterly returns, this scheme gives you a chance to make advance installments towards your bill consistently. You then file one VAT return and pay the balance or claim back a refund for any overpayments. This option is available to organizations with a turnover below £1.35 million

Benefits of Registration for VAT:

VAT registration adds credibility to your business profile as most businesses prefer to deal with companies registered with VAT.

If you are an importer or exporter, it would be an added advantage for you as some countries give tax benefits for VAT Register Company.

You can reclaim input VAT on all goods or services your business purchases if you register for VAT, including asset purchases that can be a significant

You can also reclaim VAT from past, once you get registered for VAT you get eligible to claim input VAT on goods by going back four years from the date of registration, and you still have that goods available in your business premises.

VAT Accounting or Accounting for VAT:

VAT accounting means recording VAT on purchases and sales.

The VAT on purchases should be recorded from the purchase price. This input VAT is recoverable if the business is VAT registered.

The VAT on sales should be recorded separately from the sales price. This VAT is payable to HMRC along with the VAT return.

You can easily record your VAT using an Accounting software or on a simple excel sheet. Alternatively, you can automate the recording of expenses with an automated bookkeeping app like Receipt Bot. In this case, you just take pictures of your bills and receipts with a mobile camera or upload documents from scanners and email. If you are using a cloud accounting software like Xero and QuickBooks Online, you can integrate Receipt Bot to automatically record all expenses in this software and then submit your VAT return with ease.

Even if you are not VAT registered, proper accounting is still essential for your business management. Not only it will help you with income tax filing, but it will also enable you to analyze the potential savings that you can get by registering for VAT.

#accounting #bookkeeping #automatedbookkeeping #vat #hmrc #tax #uktax

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element-effect-blog · 6 years ago

Text

"Make Inbound Work For You:" The IMPACT Show Ep. 34 [Show Notes]

If you want an agency to shift and make inbound work, you really have to think about the greater purpose, your company's values, and the company's 3 year vision.

As a reminder, we’re here to help growth leaders overcome common obstacles and create breakthroughs.

Just in case you missed us live (or if you want to relive the magic), you’ll find the episode’s show notes below as well as the recording.

Enjoy and make sure to share with your peers!

Have feedback or questions? We’d love to hear it. Comment on this blog or email us at [email protected]

IMPACT Live

Early bird pricing for IMPACT Live ends on 1/17/18

All Inclusive: $99 (going up to $169 after the 17th)

VIP: $399 (going up to $499 after the 17th)

IMPACT Live 2018: Join over 500 members of the IMPACT Elite community in person for our very special 2-day event. Speakers include Dharmesh Shah, Ann Handley, David Meerman Scott, Marcus Sheridan, and more still to be announced.

Event Date: August 7th and 8th

What Marketers Be Talkin' 'Bout

Where we go over what you're saying in IMPACT Elite.

IMPACT Elite is a community of passionate marketers looking to help other marketers succeed. We’d love for you to join us! Go to impactbnd.com/elite or just search the IMPACT Elite Group on Facebook and request to join.

Exclusive with Rebecca Corliss

Key Learnings:

The first thing they worked on was personas, first few months were mostly interviews.

How important it was to have both in-house marketers and people in the company with extensive networks.

Beta group for feedback and product improvements

When launching it was important to have PR

Traffic and brand awareness are one of their core metrics

Ismail Aly asked: "How often to run NPS surveys with your customers?"

Bob: It depends on the business, but as an agency, we ask once every 2 weeks and we just ask at the end of the client calls: “How are you feeling, 1-10, and why?” - we document the responses on a Google Form.

Michelle Loughry: We do it monthly with our clients. We have in-person or video calls for reporting metrics reviews. We have great relationships with our clients so if there are issues they're more than willing to let us know right away. We also have weekly touch pointsto update them on current activities and planned activities and they communicate satisfaction that way. The key, I think, is asking but also letting them know WHY you're asking and what you do with that info. I've been on teams where the number is tracked and then....nothing. It's just like "Ok, this is good to know." I like to create little "conflict reports" if there are issues so we can keep track of that just like a metric.

Kristen Traynor asked: "Does anyone know of an app that integrates with HubSpot for collecting business cards/lead info at a tradeshow?"

Caitlin Shanly: Neat Scanner. Also, some trade shows allow you to pay to rent a badge scanner, so you can scan the badges of everyone who stops by your booth. Then at the end of the show, you willreceive an Excel file of the leads that you can import into HubSpot, and you can make a note that those leads came from a particular show.

Andy McCormick: HubSpot app has the ability to scan cards one off and add them as a contact.

Chris Higgins: Akkroo. I’ve used it extensively, and it’s fantastic. They even have a service that will transcribe the details on any business cards that you scan, plus an integration with HubSpot so that your data syncs directly into your contact database.

Digital Marketing News

Where each week, Nick and Bob share one thing from the world of digital marketing that caught their eye.

Columnist Kristopher Jones talks visual search - its current state, its implications for the future and strategies for SEOs looking to capitalize on this evolving technology.

The arrival of the Pinterest Lens and Google Lens has ignited a battle for visual search engine supremacy. Beyond opening up a new revenue stream for e-commerce stores, visual search could completely alter consumer habits and purchasing decisions.

In a world driven by instant gratification, visual search can open the door towards "snap and surf" purchasing, streamlining the search interface. This provides a promising outlook for e-commerce stores that develop their product listing ads and online catalogs for the visual web.

While still in its infancy, optimizing for visual search could greatly improve your website's user experience, conversion rate, and online traffic.

There are three types of visual search:

Traditional image search (relies on text)

Pixel by pixel image searches that enable "snap and search"

By image or parts of the image

How these tools can identify objects in a larger picture, connect them to online stores or locations where a purchase can be made.

Potential Strategies:

It's important that images are displayed clearly and free of clutter so that visual applications have an easier time processing them. Beyond this, you should stick to the basics of image-based search optimization.

Add descriptive alt-text to images for indexation

Submit images to an image sitemap

Optimize image titles and alternative attributes with targeted keywords

Set up image badges and run them through a structured data test.

Optimize for ideal image size and file type

Utilize appropriate schema markup for images and content pages

Optimize images to render on mobile and desktop displays

A rare moment of sincere emotion from Richard Yu, CEO of Huawei's consumer products division, went off script at the end of his CES keynote to express his "quiet anger" at AT&T pulling out on a deal to sell Huawei's Mate 10.

Reports published via NY Times indicate the carrier's decision by political pressure within the US, with apparent concern about Chinese espionage and Huawei's particular role in that underlying the whole thing.

Derrick Weiss's take on this: carriers shouldn't have the right to influence the phones we use. We pay for the service ALREADY. If they want to make more by choosing certain phone manufacturers over others, they will lose customers. I'll switch to a carrier that lets me do what I want.

How to Make Inbound Work for You

From Nick Bennett:

"How do you start the cultural shift to an inbound business model?" The business in question has been email blasting purchased lists and cold calling for years. It is all they know. They have purchased HubSpot software on a recommendation but do not utilize it because it takes too long to produce results. They thought it was a one and done situation.

You need to pull out all the stops for this one! How do you get them to see sales and marketing through your eyes?

My recommendation is to start at the core of the business.

And, what is making your team aligned?

The most important part of this question is the business model.

It's the way that we do business. At IMPACT, it's not about the agency services, but helping people.

Fulfilling a greater purpose as an agency.

If you really want an agency to shift, you really have to think about the greater purpose, values, and vision of the company 3 years from now.

Next Steps:

We would love your comments! Feel free to send us an email or comment on the Facebook thread.

If you really liked it, please give us a 5-star review on iTunes.

We're going to IMPACT Elite to ask what you want us to talk about, so jump in on the post there.

Join Us Next Week!

We'll be back again next Thursday, January 18th at 1:00 PM ET.

Until next time... get out there and make it happen.

Impress in 2018 with IMPACT’s

INBOUND MARKETING STRATEGY

Template & Example

More Info

By entering your email you expressly consent to receive other resources to help you improve your marketing efforts.

Impress in 2018 with IMPACT’s Inbound Marketing Strategy Template & Example

About Ramona Sukhraj

As Content Marketing Manager, Ramona approaches marketing not only as a profession, but as a creative outlet. She has a passion for all things artistic and strives to create content that is educational, yet quirky and entertaining as well. With a B.S. in Marketing from the UCONN School of Business, Ramona is a frequent contributor to the HubSpot blog and a nonprofit consultant. Outside of IMPACT, she is a design, movie, and pop culture buff, and a fierce advocate of free hugs.

Connect with Ramona Sukhraj

Source

https://www.impactbnd.com/blog/make-inbound-work-for-you-impact-show

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cyberparse · 8 years ago

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McAfee Internet Security (2017)

http://cyberparse.co.uk/2017/01/18/mcafee-internet-security-2017-2/ https://i0.wp.com/cyberparse.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/security-binary-pd-898757.jpg?fit=3888%2C2592

The true purpose of a security suite isn’t to secure your computer. It’s to protect you, your privacy, and your data. With customer protection in mind, McAfee Internet Security installs on all of your devices. However, most of what it offers comes with McAfee’s antivirus, and the additional suite-specific components don’t add enough value, especially if you don’t need antispam or parental control.

At $79.99 per year, McAfee looks like it’s right in line with the competition, price-wise. Bitdefender and Kaspersky charge the same, within a nickel or so. But look again. With a Bitdefender or Kaspersky subscription you can install protection on three PCs. McAfee is unlimited, and lets you protect every Windows, macOS, iOS, or Android device in your household.

In fact, the Home screen in this product includes a button to extend protection to more devices. Clicking it reveals a button that scours your network to find unprotected devices and bring them into the fold. Clicking the icon that represents your current device summarizes its status.

The main window looks, for the most part, like that of McAfee’s antivirus. Both have undergone a major user interface update since I originally reviewed the product line. Instead of squareish green edged panels, the main window now relies on a menu of five items: Home, PC Security, Identity, Privacy, and Account. Clicking each item brings up a page that displays status and offers access to the corresponding feature. There’s no longer any need for the Navigation page, a separate user interface that listed and linked to every one of the suite’s features.

Not seeing this new interface? Don’t worry, you will. McAfee is rolling out the new look slowly, gradually, and automatically.

Shared Antivirus Features As is often the case, this suite’s antivirus protection is precisely the same as that of the corresponding standalone antivirus, McAfee AntiVirus Plus. That review goes into greater detail than the summary that follows.

McAfee’s scores in independent lab tests are generally mediocre. It received a B-level certification from Simon Edwards Labs, while other products rated A, AA, or even AAA. Of three tests by AV-Comparatives, it earned one passing grade and two grades a notch above passing. The three-part test by AV-Test Institute maxes out at 18 points; McAfee’s score improved since my original review, with 5.5 points for protection and a total of 17 points. Finally, in the banking Trojan test and all-types tests by MRG-Effitas, it simply failed.

My lab test score aggregation algorithm yields 7.9 of 10 possible points for McAfee. Kaspersky took a near-perfect 9.8, while Norton and Bitdefender Internet Security 2017 came out at 9.7 and 9.4 respectively.

This year’s McAfee products use an entirely new antivirus detection method called Real Protect. Real Protect is focused on behavior, so as to catch even zero-day malware. Like Webroot SecureAnywhere Internet Security Plus, when it sees an unknown file behaving suspiciously, it starts journaling that file’s actions and queries the cloud for advice. If cloud-based analysis red-flags the file, McAfee rolls back all of its actions.

In my own hands-on malware-blocking test, McAfee scored 9.2 of 10 possible points. However, among the samples it missed were two well-known ransomware threats. I watched one of them as it busily encrypted documents on the test system, without a peep from McAfee about its behavior. Webroot scored a perfect 10 against this same malware collection.

McAfee also protected against 85 percent of the 100 malware-hosting URLs I threw at it, mostly by diverting the browser from the dangerous URL. The average score among current products is 75 percent, so McAfee is above average here.

I score phishing protection by matching a product’s detection rate against that of Symantec Norton Security Premium and of the protection built into Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer. Last year, McAfee came very close to matching Norton’s score. This year it lagged 44 percentage points behind Norton. Chrome and Internet Explorer beat out McAfee, as well. Don’t turn off your browser’s phishing protection!

Other Shared Features There’s a lot more to the nominally standalone antivirus; hence “Plus” in the name. For starters, it includes a firewall. In testing, the firewall correctly stealthed all ports and fended off Web-based attacks. Rather than bombard the user with queries about network permissions, it handles program control internally. When I tested its ability to withstand direct attack, I found that I could terminate and disable more than half of its essential Windows services.

The WebAdvisor component identifies dangerous downloads and steers the browser away from malicious or fraudulent sites. In addition, it marks up search results with icons identifying safe, iffy, and dangerous links. This edition adds protection for typosquatting, and it works. When I entered www.paypla.com it asked if perhaps I really wanted PayPal.

Using the My Home Network feature, you can set up a trust relationship between any and all of the PCs on your network that have McAfee installed. It doesn’t even have to be the same version of McAfee. Once you’ve taken that step, you can use one PC to remotely monitor others, and even remotely fix configuration problems.

Mac and mobile support is the same across all of the McAfee product line. Mac support is little more than antivirus, firewall, and WebAdvisor. There’s no antivirus under iOS, but you can do things like locate and wipe the device, back up contacts, and capture a photo of someone who found or stole your phone. On Android, you get a full-featured security utility with antivirus, app ratings, anti-theft, call and text filtering, and more. And once again, there’s no limit on how many devices you can add.

Other shared bonus features include the QuickClean tune-up tool, a vulnerability scanner, and a secure deletion file shredder. You can also access a number of security-related online resources directly from the program.

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True Key Password Manager With your McAfee subscription you also get a license for the True Key password manager. Read my review for a full description of this password manager and its unusual collection of authentication options.

True Key’s biggest claim to fame is its comprehensive multi-factor authentication choices. It does support the expected strong master password, but you have many other options. You can have it send an email each time you log in; clicking a link in the email allows login to proceed. More conveniently, you can associate a mobile device with True Key, and authenticate by swiping a notification.

Even better, if you’re using a device with a camera, you can authenticate using facial recognition, and if a finger print reader is available, you can add that, too. If you worry that James Bond might spoof facial recognition with a photo of you, just enable enhanced facial recognition, which requires turning your head.

Most password managers warn that if you lose your master password, you’re hosed; you have to start over. That’s actually good; it means that the company can’t access your data even if subpoenaed. True Key retains that same zero-knowledge benefit, but doesn’t leave you in the lurch if you forget the password. As long as you’ve enabled Advanced authentication, which requires a trusted device plus two other factors, you can authenticate using all the other factors and then reset your master password.

True Key is a separate download, but getting it installed is easy. After you run the installer, it adds itself as an extension to Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer. At this time, it can import passwords stored insecurely in the browsers. It can also import from LastPass 4.0 Premium and Dashlane 4.

As with most password managers, True Key captures credentials as you log in to secure sites and plays back saved credentials as needed. The first time, it actively walks you through the process. You can also click on tiles for Google, Facebook, PayPal, and so on, entering your credentials directly. Clicking the TrueKey toolbar icon doesn’t bring up a menu the way it does with many other products. Rather, it displays the main True Key window, from which you can launch any of your saved sites.

You can save personal details in the Wallet, but True Key doesn’t use these to fill web forms. The main reason to do this is that the Wallet items sync across all your devices. The same is true of secure notes.

Here’s a rare feature. If your PC has a forward-facing camera, you can configure it to unlock your Windows account using True Key’s facial recognition. True Key doesn’t have advanced features like secure sharing, automatic password updates, or password inheritance, but it’s far ahead of the pack when it comes to multi-factor authentication.

Tepid Parental Controls One bonus you get by upgrading from McAfee’s antivirus to this suite is a parental control system, but it’s really limited. For each child’s Windows account, you can choose content categories for blocking, set a schedule for Internet use, and view a report of activity for each child or all children. That’s the extent of it.

The reviewer’s guide for this product notes that parental controls may not work properly in a virtual machine. That’s unusual, but I made a point of testing on a physical system.

To get started, you set a password, so the kids can’t just turn off monitoring. The configuration window lists all Windows user accounts and invites you to configure parental control for each one that belongs to a child. As with previous versions, setting up parental control for a child’s account that has Administrator privileges triggers a big warning. And yet, many parents do give older children Administrator accounts, so as to avoid constantly having to jump and supply an admin password any time the child wants to install a new game. Most other parental control systems don’t have this limitation.

To configure the content filter, you first choose one of five age ranges. Doing so pre-configures which of the 20 content categories should be blocked. Rather than the usual list with checkboxes, McAfee displays a list of blocked categories and another list of allowed categories, with arrow buttons to move items back and forth between the lists.

I couldn’t disable the content filter with the three-word network command that neutered parental control in Total Defense Unlimited Internet Security and Alvosecure Parental Control . However, I found quite a few truly raunchy sites that the content filter didn’t block.

McAfee replaces naughty content in the browser with a warning message that explains why the page was blocked. For HTTPS sites, or in unsupported browsers, it displays that warning as a popup, leaving the browser to show an error message. The kids won’t get past it by using a secure anonymizing proxy. Note, though, that Check Point ZoneAlarm Extreme Security 2017 goes even further, with the ability to filter content even over an HTTPS connection.

In addition to categories, McAfee offers to block sites with “inappropriate images or language” from appearing in child’s search results. A similar feature in Trend Micro Internet Security covered up many such images. However, I couldn’t find a single instance where McAfee did anything to block erotic images in search.

The time scheduler is as awkward as ever. It does let you create a weekly grid-style schedule of Internet access, in half-hour increments. Most parental control systems that use a scheduling grid let you block out rectangles on the schedule by dragging. For example, with one drag you could block from midnight to 6am every day of the week. McAfee’s system forces you to drag on just one day at a time. The grid is so tall that you can only select about seven hours at a time, and it doesn’t auto-scroll when you hit the edge. This feature could be so much easier to use! On the bright side, time scheduling doesn’t rely on the system clock, so the kids can’t fool it.

The simple parental report lists all domains blocked, along with their categories. It also logs all attempts to use the Internet when the schedule doesn’t allow it.

And there you have it. That’s the totality of parental control in this suite. It’s limited, awkward, and not entirely effective. If you actually need a suite that includes high-end parental control, look to ZoneAlarm, Kaspersky Internet Security, or Norton.

Broad-Spectrum Spam Filter With so many users getting spam filtered by the email provider, the value of local spam filtering is on the decline. But if you’re one of that diminishing group whose email provider doesn’t offer spam filtering, a local filter can be essential.

McAfee’s spam filter integrates with Outlook, Windows Mail, and Windows Live Mail. In these email clients, it adds a handy toolbar and automatically tosses spam messages in their own folder. You can still use it if you’re a fan of Eudora or The Bat!, but you’ll have to define a message rule to sift out the spam.

McAfee filters spam from POP3 and Exchange email accounts. It doesn’t handle IMAP accounts in your email client the way ZoneAlarm does. However, in an unusual twist, it has the ability to filter webmail accounts directly. Webmail filtering was a pretty amazing feature when first introduced years ago, but these days it’s hard to find a webmail provider that doesn’t implement its own spam filtering. You can view messages filtered out by this feature right in the application and, if necessary, rescue any valid mail that was misfiled.

There are quite a few options for configuring the spam filter. To start, there are five levels of protection, from Minimal, which allows more spam but doesn’t throw away valid mail, to Restricted, which blocks all messages unless the sender is on your Friends list. I’d advise leaving it set to the default Balanced level.

You can define custom spam filtering rules, but I can’t imagine why any user would take the time to do this. The Friends list identifies addresses or domains that should always reach the Inbox. You can manually edit this list, add friends from the email client toolbar, or add all your contacts to the Friends list. There’s also an option to automatically block messages written using character sets for languages you don’t speak.

Just to see how it works, I set up filtering for the Yahoo mail account I use in testing. When I filled in the address, McAfee automatically selected the correct mail server and port. However, after I entered my password and tried to add the account, McAfee reported that it was the wrong password.

In fact, the password was correct, but Yahoo rejected the login and sent me an email warning about an attempt to connect by a “less-secure app.” In order to let McAfee do its job, I had to dig into Yahoo settings and enable access by less-secure apps.

If you do need spam filtering at the local level, McAfee can handle it. Where many products limit protection to POP3 accounts, McAfee can filter Exchange accounts and even pull spam from your webmail.

Minor Performance Hit During my extensive testing, I didn’t get any feeing that McAfee was slowing me down. That’s not surprising; these days it’s uncommon for security suites to exhibit a noticeable performance impact. My hands-on test did reveal some actions that took longer with McAfee installed.

Most of us don’t reboot often—perhaps never except when an update requires it. My boot time test showed just a 3 percent increase in the time from the start of boot until the system was ready for use, so if you do have to reboot, you’ll hardly notice McAfee’s presence.

Given that the new Real Protect real-time antivirus scans files when they try to execute, not on just any file access, I expected minimal impact in my file move and copy test. This test repeatedly times a script that moves and copies a mammoth collection of various-sized files between drives. I was surprised to see a 44 percent increase in the time required for this test. On the bright side, another test that zips and unzips the same file collection didn’t have any measurable impact.

While there’s some variation in the results of this test, a couple products come out on top. Webroot and Trend Micro exhibited almost no slowdown in the performance test.

Stuck in the Middle With You For $20 per year more than McAfee’s antivirus, McAfee Internet Security gives you innovative password management along with parental control and antispam features that you may not need. Everything else—firewall, remote management, support for macOS, iOS, and Android, and more—is present in the antivirus. For another $10 you could upgrade to McAfee’s top-of-the-line suite. This suite remains stuck in the middle, with no compelling reason to buy it rather than one of McAfee’s other products.

Other than the cross-platform bonus, this suite is comparable to Bitdefender Internet Security and Kaspersky Internet Security. These two suites earn fantastic scores from the independent testing labs, their components are capable across the board, and they offer a comparable smorgasbord of bonus features. They’re our Editors’ Choice winners for entry-level security suite.

Sub-Ratings:

Note: These sub-ratings contribute to a product’s overall star rating, as do other factors, including ease of use in real-world testing, bonus features, and overall integration of features.

Firewall:

Antivirus:

Performance:

Privacy:

Parental Control:

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