#almost 100 bottles of bleach in 10 years | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

the-firebird69 · 4 years ago

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And I shall. Tonight us the grand opening by invite only. Open to the public the following week. Next Saturday 11am. And Mr Morrison you got your invite I did he says. None to morlock.

It opens promptly at 11am. Local hotels motels b and b vacation rentals convenience rentals listed plus taxi companies I suggest taking a picture.

Silver Eagle and better week one. Phantom this evening. Justin will go. It's all Wicked Ale, Whiskeys only on tap from olde school caskse. Mac3 accepts. Many RSVP roll in. We sell the bottles. I extend an invite for Friday to Dave he accepts and the Kardasians. All the Cigars are there. They are labeled Wicked Ale no. Have a name it's Unique and special and very very real. Cohiba I love. Romeo and Juliet mild on both. They have sharp mild regular tobacco. No flavored at all. A real cigar company. Sponsored by caa and not authorized no. He's on the A list Thursday is bg. Nexus Raoule and is Castro's son. He arrives Friday. All A lists tonight open invite tonight to next Sunday after tommorrow. Free everything. It's a full service cigar shop. Large walk in Humidore we sell. Huge cigars no. They are Romeo & Julieta standard size only. No novelty stuff all business. Fine cigar cutters and some memorabilia he wanted are special cutters special metal and time periods. I saw was impressed and more cryptic ones. Lol. Wines yes oh the wines.

Huge list no. About 40 top end every type covered. 30 mid range and hundreds of lessor all Wicked Ale. And Whiskey of all sizes. Most wines the standard Bottle size some anniversary are huge. Month anniversary as is typical all still here arrived yesterday first anniversary first batch And They want it

Oh no they say we get protection.

We have samplers on the house all year round. Of the whiskey and wine...20 Whiskey I may add. 20 Wine. Each sampler you select. If there after this week you may request the same sample or sampler it's ok. They are not pricey are reasonable. I sell at the same price the big shop dies and have a proper license with them and town.

Raoule really clinched it and Castro real as hell. And here. Now. It's down the street from the car place hecsays he saw the TX at or actress. North then left. And near the huge new bar I eyeball. I call him...hmm. This week. Ok. I invite him and her. Huge cigar selection no. It's by the book perfectly wrapped. Tight not too tight. And sweet like Texas is as are Cubans. It's from cimuba the seed soil. The seed all is. Uses soils engineered to havecthecsame chemical make up less actual contamination lk gas and ur bleach. Corrosive. The lab engineer said Cuban cigars have the lowest contamination levels of soils she's seen almost none it's babied. Huge tests as he called for and sporadic yes qe witnessed it. It's done properly I asked my Father. Smoked it for certain bugs.

A repellant. They hate the Cuban smell they think it's them burning. An old Cuban folk story too tons on the walls I found them Vader did and his wife. Shecrolls fresh leaves available for viewing and purchase under special conditions only. Raoule Castro and me Hera hold the secret location test in parameters and more. A certain number to meet variations in the soil the calculated. But most Cuban cicadas are the same most of the soil very uniform.

We use it and certain leaves were better slightly healthier stronger more robust.

She says.

Huge scientist.

Huge sales here. Why buy online. It's right here. They send trucks now big red shiny cabs. Us driving as agreed. Huge smiles ours like a kitten. More now.

Cubans roll in lol.

And we night he imports and home frowns and transplants. I have a few pre embargo to sample. No we don't cut them in half Justin lol. He says he can get more I agree. Only about 100 each mine ate 20 for the finest. 10 mostly. 5 for shorts. Hugecresponse. Huge. Who did the science. His wife Bo sister. Grand opening...nudge them up. Will do. Fidel Castro Raoule you are invited I send special courier now. Yes we do know where it's opened I show it to you first. It's good lettered. On very fine parchment.

We request The actor who played Vader evaded Hollywood request Fidel Castro and Raoule create a special brand or and edition and endorse we send the offer to you actor of Vader introduce tonight. I will note all the big Whigs prevent my name from him announcing that's ok. People know me. You know me A list. Ok we see mac3 says. Cool party. Very cool.

Actor who played Darth Vader

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28northgroup · 4 years ago

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35 Money-Saving Household Habits

Image: Anderson The Fish

Your house gives you so much: security, pride, shelter. With all that on the line, it's easy to assume the costs of keeping it up just are what they are. But wait. There are plenty of expenses that are simply a waste.

Here's how to save money each month without putting a dime of home value at risk.

#1 Clean Your Light Bulbs

What? Who does that? Well, smart people (who want to about shrewd, small ways to save money). A dirty bulb emits 30% less light than a clean one. Dust off both the bulb and fixture, and you might be able to cut back on the number or brightness of lights in each room without noticing any difference.

#2 Keep Your Fridge Full

Solid items snuggled together retain the cold better than air and help keep each other cold — requiring less energy overall. Leaving town for awhile and fridge is empty? Fill voids in the fridge or freezer with water bottles.

#3 Switch Your Bulbs to LED’s

By replacing just five of your most-used incandescent bulbs with uber-efficient light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, you could save $75 a year on your energy bill.

And LED’s last 15 to 20 times longer than incandescent, so you won't have to replace them nearly as often.

#4 Use Power Strips

Here's how to save money on bills -- a lot of it. Appliances like coffee makers, TVs, and computers continue to suck power even when they're off — which can cost you $100 a year. And did you know the AC adapter for your laptop keeps drawing power even if the laptop isn't plugged in? Stop this slow money burn by connecting them to an easy-to-switch-off power strip.

#5 Use a Toaster Oven When Possible

Toaster ovens use 50% to 70% less energy than a full-size oven.

#6 Set Your Water Heater to 120 Degrees

Hot water heaters often come with a factory setting that's higher than you need. You'll cool your water heating costs by 3% to 5% every time you lower the temperature setting by 10 degrees.

#7 Insulate Your Water Heater

For $30 or less, an insulating jacket or blanket can shave 7% to 16% off your water heating costs for the year. Just make sure to follow the manufacturer's directions to avoid creating a fire hazard.

#8 Wash Clothes in Cold Water

Image: Anna Rodé Designs

Just switching from hot to warm water will cut every load's energy use in half, and you'll reap even more savings taking the temp down to cold. And don't worry: Your clothes will get just as clean from cold water, thanks to the efficiency of today's detergents (except in the case of sickness; you'll want hot water and bleach then).

#9 Use the Right Dryer Cycle

If you're using a high-heat setting for each load, you could be using more energy than you need. Almost all fabrics can be dried with a lower heat setting, such as the permanent press setting. It uses less energy and has the added bonus of extending the life of your fabrics. Save the higher heat for items such as sheets and towels.

#10 Use Homemade Cleaners

Many commercial products rely on baking soda or vinegar for their cleaning power, so why not make your own? Most homemade cleaners cost less than $1.

#11 Cut Back on Laundry Detergent

Never mind the barely visible measurement lines in the cap: You typically only need a tablespoon of detergent. And, clothes actually get cleaner when you use less, because there's no soap residue left behind.

#12 Ditch Disposable Sweeper and Mop Head

Stop throwing money away every time you clean! Refill your Swiffer Sweeper with microfiber cloths. Just cut to size and use them dry for dusting or with a little water and floor cleaner for mopping. Or switch to a microfiber mop with a washable head.

#13 Stop Buying Dryer Sheets

Another easy swap? Give up your dryer-sheet habit (about $7 for 240 loads) in favor of wool dryer balls (about $10 for six, which last more than 500 loads each). Of course, depending on your laundry preferences, you can always just go without either.

#14 Cut Scouring Pads In Half

Most clean-ups don't require a full one.

#15 Don't Rinse Dishes

Image: Cavan Images/Offset

Two minutes of rinsing with the faucet on full-power will consume 5 gallons of water — the same amount efficient dishwashers use during an entire cycle. Shocking, right? And it's an unnecessary step, since most newer models are equipped to remove even stubborn food debris. Just be sure to clean the dishwasher trap regularly to keep your dishwasher running efficiently.

#16 Keep a Pitcher of Water in the Fridge

You won't have to waste time and money running the faucet, waiting for it to get cold enough for a refreshing sip.

#17 Set a Timer for the Shower

The average American takes an eight-minute shower and uses about 17 gallons of water. It's easy to linger, so set a timer for five minutes. Or try this more entertaining idea: Time your shower to a song or podcast segment.

#18 Install Low-Flow Fixtures

In addition to water-conserving practices, low-flow showerheads, which cost less than $10, and other fixtures can drop your water use in the shower by 43%.

#19 Hack a Water-Hogging Toilet

If you don't have a water-conserving toilet, there are water-saving retrofitting kits that could yield about $110 in savings every year. Or place a half-gallon milk jug filled with water into the tank — in the corner and away from the flapper and ball-cock assembly. Every time you flush, you'll save.

#20 Close Closet Doors

Each closet and pantry may hold a paltry amount of square footage, but you're still heating and cooling it. Add up all the storage space, and you've got the equivalent of a small room. Shut the doors to keep the conditioned air out.

#21 Program the Thermostat

Program your thermostat to turn the heat down by 3 to 5 degrees when you're not home and at night, and set it to bump the temperature up by the same amount when the A/C is cranking. You'll save $10 to $20 a month and never feel the difference.

#22 Don't Crank the Thermostat Up or Down Too Far

Varying the setting by 10 or more degrees when you're gone for work or over the weekend is overkill. Your HVAC system will have to work overtime to get back to the ideal temperature, erasing your savings.

#23 Use Fans Year-Round

Image: Iaobzjls/Getty

Ceiling fans can reduce your summer cooling costs and even reduce winter heating bills — but only if used correctly. Flip the switch on the base to make the blades rotate counterclockwise for a cooling effect or clockwise to help distribute heat in the winter. And in the warmer months, an attic or whole-house fan can suck hot air out and help distribute cooler air so you can give the A/C a little break.

#24 Caulk or Weatherstrip Around Doors and Windows

Caulk may not have the charisma of something like solar panels, but using it to seal air leaks around doors and windows will deliver immediate savings rather than a 14-year payback. You'll spend $3 to $30 and save 10% to 20% on energy bills.

For gaps between moving parts that can't be caulked, add weatherstripping.

#25 Add Insulation

This is a bigger weatherizing project than caulking or weatherstripping, but it could yield more than $500 in yearly savings. While your home should be properly insulated from the roof down to the foundation, prioritize the attic, under floors above unheated spaces, around walls in a heated basement and in exterior walls.

#26 Plant Shade Trees

Image: Liz Foreman for HouseLogic

Block the summer sun to lower cooling costs. Planting one shade tree on the west side and one on the east side of your home can shield your home from the sun during the summer months (but avoid south-side trees, which block winter sun). By the time they're 15 years old, these two trees can reduce your energy bill by 22% , while adding value to your home.

#27 Use Curtains as Insulation

Another way to practice energy-saving passive heating and cooling? Open curtains on sunny windows in the winter and close them up in the summer.

#28 Cool with a Cross Breeze

On a breezy day, open a window on the side of your house that's receiving the breeze, then open another on the opposite side of the house. Make sure the window on the receiving side is open a little less than the exhaust side to accelerate the breeze. You can also use a fan if there's no breeze outside.

#29 Check Your Mortgage's PMI

If your mortgage was for more than 80% of your home's purchase price, you could be paying more than $50 a month, and as much as $1,000 a year, for private mortgage insurance (PMI). So as soon as you have at least 20% equity in your home, contact your lender to terminate the policy — they aren't necessarily required to notify you when you reach that threshold.

Another option for ditching PMI? If your credit score or debt load has improved since securing your mortgage, look into refinancing with more favorable terms.

#30 Check Your Home Insurance for Savings

Your homeowners insurance should change as your life changes. Buying an automatic generator or installing security alarms could reduce your premium by 5% or more.

Bundling your home and auto coverage could save even more — up to 20% off both policies. But the point is to compare and do a price check to see if you can save.

Surveys have found you could be paying a lot more than what another insurer would charge for the same coverage. So you could save by going with a new company, or by using their quote to bargain with your current provider.

#31 Borrow Tools Instead of Buying

How often are you going to use that $600 demolition hammer once you remove your bathroom tile? Not so much? Rent it from a home-improvement store for a fraction of the cost. Be sure to do the math for each tool and project though; sometimes the rental price is high enough to justify buying it.

Or join a tool lending library or cooperative to borrow tools for free or much less than retail stores.

#32 Cut Back on Paper Towels

Two rolls of paper towels a week add up to about $182 every year! Instead, try machine-washable cotton shop towels. They clean up messes just as fast and cost less than $2 for five. Save paper towels for messes that need to go straight into the trash, like oil and grease.

#33 Stop Buying Plants for Curb Appeal Every Year

Image: Marna McGlinn of Marna McGlinn Ceramics

A pop of color in your landscaping perks up your curb appeal. But instead of wasting household funds on short-lived annuals, invest in perennials that will keep giving for years to come.

#34 Water Grass in the Morning to Save on Your Water Bill

Turning the sprinkler on at midday is kinda like watering the air — especially when the mercury soars. Lose less to evaporation by watering during cooler hours (but avoid overnight watering, when too-slow evaporation can invite fungus growth).

#35 Make Your Yard Drought-Tolerant for Long-Term Savings

Save $100 or more yearly by replacing water-hogging plants and grass with drought-tolerant and native species, and beds of rock or gravel. You'll save time on maintenance, too.

Adopt a few of these home tips to find a bit more cash each month.

View original post here: Read or visit houselogic.com for more articles like this.

Used by permission as a REALTOR®

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bibleforboys · 8 years ago

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Do all of the asks :)

1. You woke up naked next to the last person you texted, what would you say?

“how tf did you get to new york”

2. What’s going on between you and the last person you kissed?

hes not responding to me

3. If your boyfriend or girlfriend was into drugs, would you care?

not at all

4. Is your last name longer than six letters?

yes

5. Was your last kiss drunk or sober?

drunkish

6. Have you ever wanted to have someone but you messed it up?

obviously

7. What does your last received text say?

“ok then”

8. How many times have you kissed the last person you kissed?

once

9. Where was your last kiss at?

a bar

10. When is the last time you saw your sister?

dont have one

11. What do you drink in the morning?

water and coffee

12. Where did you sleep last night?

my bed

13. Do you think relationships are hard?

they shouldn’t be

14. If you could go back and change something in the past 5 months, would you?

meh

15. You’re locked in a room with the last person you kissed, any problems?

dont think so

16. Would you rather it be sunny or rainy?

sunny

17. Do you know anyone with the same middle name as you?

lots

18. Are you wearing jeans,sweatpants,or pajama pants?

jeans

19. Do you think you will be in a relationship 3 years from now?

who knows

20. Does anyone like you?

probably

21. Have you ever kissed someone with a name that starts with an S?

yes

22. Is the last person you kissed gay?

im assuming

23. Is there a person you CANNOT stand?

yes

24. Have you ever considered getting a tattoo?

yes

25. In the past week have you cried?

maybe

26. What breed was the last dog you saw?

i dont fucking know

27. Do you dry off in the shower or out of the shower?

out

28. Have you ever kissed a football player?

maybe?

29. Do you think you’re old?

30. Do you like text messaging?

yes

31. What type of day are you having?

average

32. Have you ever thought about getting your nose pierced?

septum yeah

33. Do you prefer warm or cold weather?

warm

34. Is there a person of the opposite sex who means a lot to you?

plenty

35. Would you prefer a relationship or a fling?

depends on the situation

36. Are you a simple or complicated person?

this is a dumb ass question

37. What song are you listening to?

i’m not

38. When you say you’re sorry do you mean it?

usually not because it’s at work to customers39. Is there a girl that knows everything or almost everything about you?

no40. What made you start liking the person you like now?

hes hot41. When did you last receive a text message?

20 minutes ago42. What is wrong with you right now?

everything43. How well do you know the last female you texted?

ive only met her once44. Does anyone disgust you?

yes45. Would you date someone right now if they asked?

yes46. Are you in a good mood right now?

sure47. Who was the last person you talked to in person?

my friend erin48. What color shirt are you wearing?

red49. Has someone recently told you something you didn’t want to hear?

ehh no50. Anyone you’re giving up on?

yeah51. Do you hate the person you fell hardest for?

no?

52. Have you ever thought about giving up on someone but couldn’t?yep

53. Do you like rain?

sometimes 54. Do you care if your boyfriend/girlfriend drinks?

nope55. Have you ever liked somebody and never told them?

yep 56. Do you like to cuddle?

yep57. Are you shy?

depends 58. Do you get along with girls?

yep59. Have you dated the person you texted last? nope

60. What do you carry with you at all times?

phone, wallet, keys 61. If you were paid 1 million dollars to spend the night in a supposed haunted house, would you?

yes lmfao 62. Do you think you can last in a relationship for five months?

yes 63. Think back to October, were you in a relationship?

no 64. The person you like kisses you on the forehead, do you find this cute?

yeah65. Did anything “cute” happen in the last week?

yeah i got really drunk

66. How old are the last three people you kissed?

i have no idea for any of them

67. Would you rather pay to get your nails done or do them yourself?

pay 68. Which do you like better- Zebra print or leopard print?

neither 69. Do you have any stickers on your car?

what car bitch70. Would you rather listen to Luke Bryan or Lil Wayne?

wayne71. Blackberry, Anroid, or iPhone?

iphone

72. When’s the last time you had pizza from Pizza Hut?

4 years73. Do you like diet soda?

no74. What color are the walls in your room?

white 75. Are you 16 or older?

2176. Do you watch Pretty Little Liars?

no77. Do you have a job?

of course... 78. What are your initials?

cjf79. Did you ever have braces?

yes80. Are you from the south?

81. What does your last status on facebook say?

“champagne or bleach either way we're popping bottles tonight”82. Do you still talk to the first person you ever kissed?

not really83. Are you closer to your mom or your dad?

mom84. Have you ever done cheerleading or gymnastics?

no85. What’s the last movie you saw in theaters?

deadpool i think lol86. Do you smoke?

sometimes87. Would you rather wear heels or flip flops?

flip flops88. Is your phone touch screen?

yes89. Do you normally wear your hair straight or curly?

its wavy90. Have you ever snuck out of your house?

no 91. Would you rather swim in a river, lake, or pool?

pool 92. Have you ever made out in a car?

i dont know probably93. …Had sex in a car?

no94. Are you single or in a relationship?

single95. What were you doing last night at midnight?

falling asleep96. When’s the last time you saw fireworks?

4th of july? 97. Do you like the camera on your phone?

sure 98. Have you ever had a friend with benefits?

yep 99. Have you ever passed out from drinking?

nope 100. Are you friends with people on facebook that you actually hate?

nope 101. Have you ever had a pregnancy scare?

nope102. Name your favorite Kesha song:

i dont know103. Do you have any tan lines right now?

nope104. Would you ever wear cowboy boots with shorts?

yes it sounds like fashion

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vertigocrime · 8 years ago

Note

1 to 117. I dare you.

I’m going to fight who ever did this lmao

1: Let’s start with a tricky one; what is the real reason you are confused right now? Idk if he likes me back as much as I like him back

2: Do you ever get “good morning” texts from anyone?Hah no, kind of wished I did

3: If your significant other smoked pot, would you care?Yes I would care. It’s not like i’m against it as the thing itself, I just cannot stand the smell at all.

4: Do you find it easy to trust others?Sometimes. I wouldn’t say I trust anyone. I’ve never really trusted anyone, so I guess that’s why i’m so mysterious at school lmao

5: What were you doing at 11PM last night?Talking to the guy I like and emailing a college to talk about my application.

6: You’re drunk and lost walking down the road; who is with you?Probably @stink-burritos

7: What would you do if you found out you had been cheated on?Dump the loser, and if he tries to comeback I’ll make him hurt really bad. Mentally and physically. Nobody hurts me like that without hurting themselves.

8: Are you close with your dad? Eh kind of. He’s an asshole.

9: I bet you kissed someone last night, right?Hah you wish, nah I didn’t.

10: What are you listening to?My parents watching Bleach downstairs

11: You can only drink ONE liquid for the rest of your life - what is it?Thai tea

12: Do you like hickeys?Maybe, haven’t gotten one yet, just not in a visible area I guess.

13: What time do you go to bed? It differs. Sometimes it’s 12:00am, 1:00am, or 3:00am

14: Is there someone who continuously lets you down? I don’t really depend on anyone so no

15: Can you text as quickly with one hand as you do both? Nah, I’m fast with one hand but two hands is faster when texting

16: Do you always answer your texts?Yes unless it’s a conversation ending text

17: Do you hate the person you fell the hardest for?No I don’t, it was hard to forgive him, but he’s a good guy

18: When was the last time you talked to one of your best friends? like 6 hours ago

19: Is there someone that makes you happy every time you see them?My crush~~~ I like seeing his name when he texts me back

20: What was your last thought before you went to bed last night?I might see my crush on Wednesday

21: Is anyone else in the room with you? My cat, does he count? lol

22: Do you believe what goes around comes around? Yeah

23: Were you happier four months ago than you are now?Debatable. Loads of shit is happening right now and i’m not sure if i’m happy or if i’m sad.

24: Is there someone you wish you could fix things with? Not right now

25: In the past week, have you cried?

Yes

26: What colour is the shirt you are wearing?Not wearing a shirt rn, just in my sports bra

27: Do people ever call you by your last name?No, wouldn’t mind though

28: Is anyone ignoring you right now?Probably my crush, but tbh he’s super busy doing homework so that I can go over to his place tomorrow

29: Do you have a best friend? Kind of?

30: Would it be hard seeing someone else kiss the last person you kissed?Yes, but we aren’t dating so it’s fine.

31: Who was your last call/text message from? My friend Jack

32: Are you mad at anyone?I’m mad at P

33: Have you ever kissed someone older than you?Pfft yes. My crush is almost 3 years older than me

34: How old will the last person you kissed be on his/her next birthday? 21

35: How many more days until your birthday?201 days

36: Do you have any summer plans yet?Road trip with @stink-burritos to the beach~

37: Do you have any good friends of the opposite sex? Almost all of my friends are guys

38: Are you keeping anything from your best friend(s) now? No not really

39: Do you have a secret that you’ve never told anyone?Nothing comes to mind lol

40: Have you ever regretted kissing someone? No

41: Do you think age matters in relationships? tbh, no. When I was 15 I was fooling around with a 20 year old, and when I was 17 I was fooling around with a 25 year old. I genuinely liked these two guys, nobody made me like them and they didn’t manipulate me.

42: Are you available?Single? Yes, but my mind is taken over by my crush;;

43: How many people have you had real, strong feelings for since high school ended? high school hasn’t ended for me yet

44: If you had to get a piercing (not ears), what would you get?Probably my lip

45: Do you believe exes can be friends?Yeah, i’m good friends with some of my exes. See now, it’s the could-have-been’s that you can’t be friends with

46: Do you regret anything? Playing in P’s confession and saying that I liked him even though I actually didn’t

47: Honestly, what’s on your mind right now? Nothing

48: Did you ever lose a best friend?Yes, twice. Still friends with both of them, but we don’t share everything with each other anymore

49: Was your last kiss a mistake?Nope!

50: Why aren’t you pursuing the person you like?I am pursuing them

51: Has the last person you kissed ever seen you cry?No not yet

52: Do you still talk with the person you LAST kissed?Yep!

53: What was the last thing you ate?Something like Chicken Alfredo

54: Did you get any compliments today?Maybe??? Idk I don’t remember lol

55: Where are you going on your next vacation?Disney World in April-May

56: Do you own anything from other countries?I have a few Italian souvenirs I picked up when I went there, a Vietnam shirt my parents bought me, some Chinese money, a paper bead necklace from orphans in Africa. But if I take the question literally then I own something from almost every country since stuff gets traded and imported c:

57: Are most of your friend guys or girls?Almost all guys

58: Where have you lived most of your life?Texas

59: When was the last time you took a long drive?Last semester when driving to class lol

60: Have you ever played Spin the Bottle?Yes

61: Have you ever TPd someone’s house?Nope

62: Who do you text the most?This past 2 weeks have been my crush~~~

63: What was the last movie you saw?Madoka Magika movie the beginning

64: What’s preventing your current boyfriend/girlfriend from going back to their ex?I don’t have a boyfriend.girlfriend

65: How many boyfriends/girlfriends did you have in 2011? Two

66: Is the last person you kissed younger than you? Yes, but he was only younger by a month

67: Do you curse around your parents? I did once (Nothing happened btw lol)

68: Are you happy with where you live?Yes kind of. Wouldn’t mind getting away

69: Picture of yourself?

A post shared by Elora Hale (@vertigo_crime) on Feb 27, 2017 at 6:49am PST

70: Are you a monogamous person or do you believe in open-ended relationships?Monogamous

71: Have you ever been dumped?Once

72: What do you most like about making out?Taking a peak at the other person’s face in between kisses when your breath is combined

73: Have you ever casually made out with someone who you weren’t seriously involved with?

Hmm no

74: When you kiss someone for the first time, is it usually you who initiates it or the other? Usually the other, i’m too shy

75: What part of a person’s body do you find most attractive?Their face is first

76: Who was the last person you talked to last night before you went to bed?My crush~~

77: Had sex with someone you knew less than an hour?I’ve never had sex

78: Had sex with someone you didn’t know their name?I’ve never had sex

79: What makes your heart flutter and brings a big cheesy smile to your face?My crush, I can’t stop thinking about him staring at me while I watched Pokémon and the dumb face he made when I gave him a side glance, such a cute smile ebewkjberwkgk

80: Would you get involved with someone if they had a child already?Maybe, most likely if i’m older though, can’t handle children right now

81: Has someone who had a crush on you ever confessed to you?Yes

82: Do you tell a lot of people when you have a crush? No not really, I’ve only recently grown some balls when confessing my feelings lol

83: Do you miss your last sweetie?Uh, nah?? I don’t miss my last boyfriend.

84: Last time you slow danced with someone?Forever ago so idk

85: Have you ever ‘dated’ someone you’ve never met?No I haven’t

86: How can I win your heart?Idk lol, just be you

87: What is your astrological sign?Virgo

88: What were you doing last night at 12 AM?Being asleep lol

89: Do you cook?Yep!

90: Have you ever gotten back in touch with an old flame after a time of more than 3 months of no communication? Yes, but I usually fight for a friendship

91: If you’re single right now, do you wish you were in a relationship?Yes, with my crush~

92: Do you prefer to date various people or do you pretty much fall into monogamous relationships quickly? monogamous relationships

93: What physical traits do you look for in a potential interest?If their eyes are beautiful, that’s the first thing. If I can stare into your eyes then hell yes. Then it’s the smile. If the smile is genuinely cute or true, then hell yes. Body type is next. I usually go for thinner guys, fit or not.

94: Name four things that you wish you had!- My crush (oooooooo)- Choi Seungcheol- tickets to a BTS fan meet- tickets to a Seventeen fan meet

95: Are you a player?I am without even knowing, why tf do so many people like me???

96: Have you ever kissed 2 people in one day?No

97: Are you a tease?Yes, 100%

98: Ever meet anyone you met on Tumblr? Nope!

99: Have you ever been deeply in love with someone? Yes

100: Anybody on Tumblr that you’d go on a date with?Hmm, none that I can think of

101: Hugs or Kisses?Kisses

102: Are you too shy to ask someone out? Pfft yes

103: The first thing you notice about the opposite sex?Their face

104: Is it cute when a boy/girl calls you babe? nrivdjkbvwbkb yes

105: If a sexy person was pursuing you, but you knew he/she was in relationship, would you go for it?

No, i’d tell them to break it off if they want to do anything. If they’re willing to cheat then fuck no. In my opinion it’s better to leave someone for someone else than to cheat on that someone with someone else.

106: Do you flirt a lot?Unconsciously yes

107: Your last kiss?Last Wednesday 2/22/2017

108: Have you kissed more than 5 people since the start of 2012? LOL, nah.

109: Have you kissed anyone in the past month? Yes my crush~~

110: If you could kiss anyone who would it be?My crush~~

111: Do you know who you’ll kiss next?My crush

112: Does someone like you currently?Too many people

113: Do you currently have feelings for anyone? My crusshshhhhh

114: Do you like to be in serious relationships or just flings?I want a serious relationship, but i’m so terrible at maintaining them

115: Ever made out with just a friend?Nope

116: Are you happier single or in a relationship?A bit of both. I’m lonely when single, but I kind of feeling caged when in a relationship

117: Who are you to challenge me to answer all 117 of these???

#Verti talks #anon #answered #this took awhile lmao #bet you thought I couldn't do it lol

1 note · View note

foodsciencebbyyy · 4 years ago

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Food Packaging

Introduction

Packaging is a process of covering/wrapping of goods into a package.

It also involves designing and producing packaging materials.

Packaging is an essential for providing safe and secure goods to consumers.

It is a $2 billion industry per year in Australia.

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Food Packaging

Food packaging is essential and pervasive:

●Essential, because without packaging the safety and quality of food would be compromised,

●Pervasive because almost all food is packaged in some way.

In the last 200 years the package evolved from being a container for the product, to becoming an important element of total product design, eg.

Example: Packing tomato sauce in glass bottles has evolved to squeezable co- extruded multi-layer plastic bottles with oxygen barrier layer for long shelf life

Self-lubricating surfaces http://liquiglide.com/

General types of packaging

Consumer packaging

Designed for consumer convenience and appeal.

The major emphasis is on marketing.

Industrial packaging

Designed to focus on the handling convenience and protection during transportation.

The main focus is on logistics.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Functions of packaging

Protection

Containment

Communication/Information

Convenience

A good package can not only preserve the food quality but also significantly contribute to a business profit.

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Protection

The quality of the food product can deteriorate biologically and chemically as well as physically, during distribution, .

Food packaging contributes to extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality and safety of food products.

Food packaging reduces food waste and spoilage during distribution, and decreases the cost of preservation facilities.

Protection

The requirement for protection is determined by the nature of the food and the type of protection needed.

●The product needs for protection ●Physical environment

● impact, compression, abrasion, tearing, puncture ●Climatic environment

● Oxygen, Moisture, Light, Taints and odours

●Biological environment ● Pests - insects & rodents; ● Microbiological - bacteria, mould

The climatic environment

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 14

The physical environment

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 14

The biological environment

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 15

Material loss by pilferage and tampering

● Security in distribution for protection against pilferage, tampering and counterfeiting

● lids may have plastic over-seal;

● perforated lid which breaks when opened;

● blister package sealed to a large paperboard backing;

● holographic packaging to reduce counterfeiting.

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Containment

Food products must be contained before they can be moved from one place to another.

Packaging facilitates handling, storage and distribution

Packaging has enabled the modern food distribution system, the development of supermarkets and the global food chain.

Includes both primary & secondary packages Package choices are based on:

Þ Dimension & Configuration requirements

Þ Material cost Þ Strength Þ Stability

Food Processing Plant Corporate video 1’40” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4EbS36TQYQ

Three levels of packaging

primary pack: in direct contact with the food or beverage, eg. bottle and cap, carton

secondary or transit package: contains and collates primary packs, eg. a shrink-wrapped corrugated fibreboard tray or case

tertiary package, eg. pallet, roll cage, stretch-wrap.

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Packaging for transport

Communication /Information

Consumers make purchasing decisions using numerous clues provided by the graphics, colours and distinctive shapes of packaging.

Packages also need to communicate information about the product ●identity, quantity, instructions for storage and use

●labelling information as required by FSC 1.2 (nutrition, ingredient information, allergen warnings, country of origin, use-by date etc. )

●Universal Product Code (bar code) read accurately and rapidly using modern scanning equipment.

Communication for informed decision-making

Communicate information to end-user as required by legislation, ANZ Food Standards Code 1.2, ACCC and Department of Fair Trading

●Product brand names and descriptions; ●Manufacturer's name and address, ●Quantity/ net weight, ●Use-by dates/ best before date ●Ingredient listing,

●Nutrition information panel ●Directions for storage and cooking instructions; ● Warnings and allergen advice ●Recycling or disposal of package

Marketing – to sell food

Self-selection impact – silent salesman how getting the customer to select your product over all the others in the supermarket.

Marketing trends - increasing emphasis on the look, sales appeal and quality of retail packaging.

High quality graphics and promotional links between graphics and advertising to support brand identities, plus the ability to reflect current consumer trends and images.

Interactive marketing - new APPS to inform and educate the consumer, eg.

iAllergens, FoodSwitch, Traffic Light Food, Woolworths, Coles, Shop Ethical!, ShopWell, Frugal, ACCC recalls

Design Aesthetics & Marketing

"The Coke bottle is the most perfectly designed package in the world." The original contour of the "Mae West" bottle was designed in 1915. The bottle has undergone several redesigns in its 100-years.

Bar-codes

UPC bar code QR code

Micro QR Code

https://www.gs1.org/standards/barcodes

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Pallet, carton and bar-coding

A different barcode for each level of package, carton, etc.

Print important information, including use-by date

Each level treated as a product and scanned on receipt, etc.

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Convenience

Packaging plays an important role in allowing products to be used conveniently by the consumer.

Size – manageable for the consumer (small, regular, bulk)

Shape and proportions - variety of pack sizes, designs and pack types

Unitizing - primary package discrete units packed into secondary packages (multipacks)

Package design for the consumer use – easy to hold, portable, easy opening, re-close, dispense or pour, squeezable, spray, microwavable, recyclable, biodegradable, etc.

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Convenience

Packaging also plays an important role in allowing products to be handled, stored and efficiently distributed by the manufacturer

cartons pallets shipping containers

https://www.packworld.com/trends-and-issues/traceability- authentication-serialization/video-track-and-trace-serialization

Environmental considerations

Australian Packaging Covenant

http://www.packagingcovenant.org.au/

Initially launched in 1999, with 3x 5 year cycles of review. On July 1st 2010, an open-ended Australian Packaging Covenant commenced.

an agreement between companies in the supply chain and all levels of government to reduce the environmental impacts of consumer packaging, by:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qGZYPOLAos example: https://www.packagingcovenant.org.au/documents/item/1088 ●design packaging that is more resource efficient & more

recyclable;

Henderson Island

North Pacific gyre (Pacific trash vortex) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLbJZjYyXAs

http://coastalcare.org/2009/11/plastic-pollution/

Types of plastic & recycling options

New Scientist 19 May 2018

Australasian Recycling Label

https://www.environment.gov.au/protection/waste-resource-recovery/plastics-and-packaging

New Scientist 19 May 2018

Packaging types and selection

Day in the Life of a Food Packaging Professional

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXa-yqP9e3Q

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Selection of packaging

The design and development of appropriate packaging for food, one needs to consider:

The product’s characteristics : physical, chemical, biochemical and microbiological nature,

Mechanism by which it can deteriorate, It’s fragility in distribution Possible interactions with packaging materials

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 13

Nature of the product

Physical nature

Gas, liquid, viscous liquid, solid blocks, granules, free-flowing powders, emulsions, pastes etc

Chemical or biochemical nature

Ingredients, chemical composition, nutritional value, corrosive, sticky, volatile, perishable, odorous etc.

Dimensions

Size and shape

Volume, weight & density

Method of fill, dispense, accuracy, legal obligation etc.

Damage sensitivity

Mechanical strength properties or fragility/weaknesses

Product deterioration

Intrinsic mechanisms including changes in:

Organoleptic qualities

Taste, smell, colour and texture

Chemical breakdown

Vitamin C breakdown in orange juice, riboflavin loss from milk in light, Maillard browning of dried milk

Physio-Chemical changes

staling of bread, crystallisation of lactose in ice cream or condensed milk

Biochemical changes

enzymatic browning, cheese ripening, respiration in fruit & vegies

Microbiological status

bacterial or mould growth

Product shelf-life requirement

Average shelf life needed Use-life needed

Changes in packaged food during storage

The processes by which food quality is lost often involve interaction with the environment – either from substances taken up or loss through the packaging.

Type of Change

Food product impacts

Moisture loss

Drying – a problem in frozen food; wilting of vegetables,

Moisture uptake

Softening of crisps, biscuits; lumping of powders,

Oxygen uptake

Oxygen causes oxidation rancidity – fats and oils,

Light

Light initiated oxidation of fats; bleaching /colour loss

Packing material options

● Glass

● Tinplate

● Aluminium

● Paper and paperboard

● Plastics

Primary Packages

GLASS

METALS

PAPER

PLASTICS

COMPOSITE

RIGID & SEMI-RIGID CONTAINER

Bottle Jug Jar Tumbler Vial

Cans - Fe/Sn Alumin. Cans

Metal boxes (Slip lid, Lever lid, Hinged)

Trays Drum

Boxes Cartons

Form-in-line (cup, tub, tray)

Egg box

Bottle Jug Jar Tub Cup Tray Thermoform

Drum Laminated cartons IBCs

FLEXIBLE WRAPS, BAGS, POUCHES & SACHETS

Tube Foil

Vegetable parchment Folded wrap Sealed wrap Bags

(plain, treated)

Preformed Form-in-line FIBCs

Foil laminates Laminated pouches

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Cost of packaging

Packaging is a major cost in the retail price

Direct cost of package plus indirect costs for empty as well as full packages, including handling, storage, transport, insurance, management

The ‘added value’ of the Package should exceed costs ! to remain competitive and innovative

Weight of packages and different package options

Weight

Milk 12 L

Beer 9 L

Wine 6L

Bottles

7500 g

6840 g

Cartons

340 g

Steel can

1300 g

Aluminium can

580 g

Cask

400 g

Glass

● Inert with respect to foods

● Transparent to light and may be coloured

● Impermeable to gases and vapours

● Rigid

● Can be easily returned and reused

● Brittle and breakable

● Needs a separate closure

● Widely in use for both single & multi-trip packaging

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 17

Tinplate can

Aluminium can

Tinplate and aluminium

● Rigid material

● Steel can – high density, suited to retort canning process

● Aluminium can - low density, suited for canned drinks

● Good tensile strength

● An excellent barrier to light, liquids and foods

● Needs closures, seams and crimps to form packs

● Used in many packaging applications: food and beverage cans, aerosols, tubes, trays and drums

● Can react with product causing dissolution of the metal Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 17

Paper and paperboard

● Low-density materials

● Poor barriers to light without coatings or laminations

● Poor barriers to liquids, gases and vapours unless they are coated, laminated or wrapped

● Good stiffness

● Can be grease resistant

● Absorbent to liquids and moisture vapour

● Can be creased, folded and glued

● Tears easily, Not brittle, Moderate tensile strength

● Excellent substrates for inexpensive printing

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 17

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Plastics

Wide range of barrier depending on type of polymer

Permeability to gases and vapours to varying degrees

Always consider oxygen and water vapour transmission when selecting film, with respect to the likely spoilage mechanisms of the food.

Range of physical and optical properties flexible or rigid opaque or transparent variable tensile and tear strengths

Functional over a wide range of temperatures depending on the type of plastic polymer

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003; Chap1 page 17

Packing film selection

Wide range of plastic polymer materials.

Each polymer has differences in permeability to air, water and light, rigidity/flexibility.

Different foods have different requirements;

●Foods susceptible to drying but not affected by oxygen (e.g. bread) need high moisture barrier [LDPE ]

●Foods susceptible to moisture pick-up and affected by oxygen (e.g. crisps) need high moisture barrier and high oxygen barrier, [ OPP ]; plus laminate with Aluminium foil will further prevent light and oxygen.

●Food requiring containment (liquid foods) need rigid plastic.

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Plastic (polymeric) packaging materials – examples of applications

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) – squeezy bottles and shopping bags

High density polyethylene (HDPE) – rigid bottles, carboys

Polypropylene (PP) – rigid

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Common packaging polymers

1. PET – Polyethylene Terephthalate (e.g. soft drink bottles, peanut butter jars). 2. HDPE – High-Density Polyethylene (e.g. milk bottles, yoghurt cups).

3. PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride (e.g. some types of cling wrap for meat, fish, cheese, vegetables; clear plastic containers for fresh fruit or takeaway sandwiches).

Common packaging polymers

4. LDPE – Low-Density Polyethylene (e.g. some grocery bags; bags used for bread and frozen foods; some types of cling wrap).

5. PP – Polypropylene (e.g. bottle caps, yoghurt and margarine containers, food storage boxes).

6. PS – Polystyrene (e.g. plastic cutlery; drinking cups and yoghurt cups; lightweight foam trays used to package meat and vegetables).

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Thermoplastic vs thermoset Packaging polymers may be classified into thermoplastics and

thermosets, depending on whether crosslinks are present.

Thermoplastics

Soften and melt when heated, but resolidify upon cooling

Can be easily shaped by heat and pressure (e.g. films, bottles, etc.)

Support hot-forming methods such as injection-moulding.

Heated in several cycles, polymers are melted and cooled to become solid without significant loss of properties.

Recyclability: Easier to recycle.

Typical polymers: Acrylics, Nylons, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene

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Thermoset polymers

Change irreversibly when heated.

The change usually involves cross-linking (setting) which strengthens the polymers.

They are often made from multi-part compounds and formed before setting (e.g. epoxy resin).

Setting accelerates with heat, or for some polymers with UV light.

Thermosets will not melt, and have good heat resistance.

Heating does not soften the materials, but severe heating irreversibly destroy covalent bonds (decomposition).

Much harder to recycle.

Examples: Phenolics, epoxies, silicones, some polyesters, polyurethanes and elastomers

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Heat seal strength

The strength of the bond formed by heat sealing is important in heat sealable plastic packaging.

This property related to a film’s ability to make a peel-resistant seal.

Measured by testing the sealed samples under controlled temperature, pressure and dwell-time (time during which heat is applied).

Then measure the seal’s resistance to peeling on a tensile tester.

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Plastic Laminates

Since no single film can satisfy all packaging requirements, several different films may be combined by lamination or coextrusion.

Lamination of plastic films can be done using an adhesive, Or If the two plastic films each have heat-sealing properties, they may be joined together by passing the films through a heated roller

Laminates can include layers of different plastic films, paperboard and metal (aluminium), achieving barrier properties with the summation of all the different components.

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Polymer coatings and laminates

Polymers are also used to coat other materials; for example, paper coffee cups are often coated with a thin layer of polyethylene, which makes them hard to recycle.

Polymers are also used in laminates (multilayer films), either with another polymer, or paper or metal.

Different components may serve as barriers to light, moisture, oxygen, taste and aroma compounds.

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Tetra Pak - laminated paperboard

Coatings

Coatings are applied to the surfaces of plastic films to improve heat-sealing, barrier and printing properties

Acrylic coatings – glass clear, hard, heat sealable, very glossy PVdC coatings may be modified to produce either a good heat-sealing polymer or

a high-barrier polymer

Direct vacuum metallising with aluminium on plastic films results in a significant increase in barrier properties

SiOx applied by vacuum deposition. SiOx coated PET film is used in the retort pouch laminates, is transparent, retortable, recyclable and has excellent barrier properties.

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Water vapour transmission

The steady state rate at which water vapour permeates through a film at specified conditions of temperature and relative humidity.

This is a measure of a film’s ability to retain freshness, preventing the escape of moisture from moist products, or preventing dry products from picking up moisture from outside.

The moisture passing through the film in a given time is reported as water-vapour transmission rate (WVTR) in g/m2/24 hours.

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Gas permeability

The ability of a gas or other volatile substance to penetrate and pass through a material.

Gases include oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and various volatile compounds found in foods.

This property is associated with the retention of colour, flavour and odour.

Permeability is expressed as cc (mL) of gas permeated per 1 square metre of film in 24 hours.

A material is considered as ‘high oxygen barrier’ if its Oxygen transmission Rate (OTR) is < 15.5 cc/m2/24 hr.

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003;

0 = Not suitable, * = short life, ** =medium life, *** = long life, MAP = modified atmosphere pack.

Coles, McDowell and Kirwan 2003;

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Important properties in storage

The product/package interaction.

Permeability to gases and vapours.

Resistance to ‘scalping’ of flavour and aroma components, which may be lost by dissolving in the polymer.

Alternatively, packaging components may diffuse into the product, causing contamination, off-flavours, etc.

Innovative packaging

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) – employs gas mixtures to reduce enzymatic and microbial changes during storage

Active Packaging, inclusions with added functionality: Antimicrobial, Oxygen scavenger, Ethylene oxidation, Odour removal,

Intelligent Packaging, sensing and informing; eg. indicator for ripeness or freshness.

Han, J. 2005.

Gases and food quality effects

Nitrogen is an inert and tasteless gas, no antimicrobial activity. It is not very soluble in water, and it is primarily used to displace oxygen and prevent package collapse.

Oxygen inhibits the growth of anaerobic micro-organisms, but promotes the growth of aerobic microbes. Oxygen is responsible for some undesirable reactions in foods, including 63

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)

Retail food product

CO2

Raw red meat

70%

30%

Raw white fish, other seafood

30%

40%

30%

Cooked, cured, processed meat fish poultry, Ready cook chill

30%

70%

Fresh pasta, Bakery products

50%

Dairy products

100%

Dried foods, Liquid foods & drinks

100%

Air Products. 1995

Active Packaging

Active Scavenging systems remove undesirables such as oxygen, excess water, ethylene, carbon dioxide, taints and others ............... ABSORBERS

Active Releasing systems add desirables such as carbon dioxide, water, antioxidants and preservatives................ EMITTERS

Diagram of active packaging systems

Intelligent Packaging

Intelligent or smart packaging include time-temperature indicators (TTIs), gas indicators, microwave doneness indicators, radiofrequency identification (RFID).

● Clever, smart, interactive

● Indicator must be easily activated

● Must show measurable, reproducible changes

● Must be irreversible

● Easily correlated to food quality

Insignia Embedded Colour Changing Labels - 40s http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=k0kpOoe-42g

Smart packaging – oxygen exclusion/absorption https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=VH_SdO9u0nA

Intelligent Plastics – ripeness & freshness indicator

Packaging Innovations

CES 2011 - Interactive and intelligent food packaging 4’ 34’’ http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=MpKukF48Tac

New 2011 NutriSmart embeds RFID tags directly within food 1’ 50’’

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3_EjOecfOA

Cook-chill Meal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbMdaj5owBU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwobWIEl3f0

Amazon go 1’50”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrmMk1Myrxc

Future trends in food packaging

Development of new materials that possess very high barrier properties, thus reduce the total amount of packaging materials.

Convenience is a "hot" trend” ; in either productivity, processing, warehousing, traceability, display qualities, tamper-resistance, easy opening, and cooking preparation.

Safety another important trend, related to public health microbiological control or security against bioterrorism.

Forth issue is the trend to natural and environmentally friendly. Substitution of artificial chemical ingredients with natural ingredients. Increase in recyclable and reusable (refillable).

Edible packaging https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLEWeP3WJ8M

0 notes

tremendouslycolorfuldaze-blog · 5 years ago

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Interesting Plastic Recycling Facts that Will Surprise You

Plastics recycling is expanding and growing due to product companies, recyclers, and people who are taking continuous efforts and making innovative advances to efficiently use this versatile material. It’s absolutely true that recycling plastics and other materials saves resources and helps protect the environment. In the last 10 years alone, we have come a long way with regards to recycling plastic. But what many consider to be widely known and generally accepted ‘facts’ about recycling plastic are somewhat outdated.

Here are some notable recycling facts about plastics that will be handy to you:

1) Recyclers are hoping you return plastic caps and lids

Plastic caps and lids typically are made with the same recyclable plastic as detergent bottles (high-density polyethylene or HDPE). Thanks to many advances in plastics recycling, you can simply put those plastic caps and lids back on their bottles and containers before you toss them in the recycling bin—they’ll be separated for recycling later.

2) There are recyclable plastics in almost every part of your home

Most people, usually focus most of your recycling efforts in the kitchen. Little do they know that plastic containers for shampoo bottles, bleach, toiletries, and gardening products typically are made with the same plastics as food packaging—therefore making them just as easy to toss in your curbside bin.

3) Robots and machines are doing more plastics recycling work

Although the majority of recycling facilities still sort plastics by hand, more and more recyclers are using interesting new technologies to help make plastics recycling more efficient and easier, such as:

A robot that recognizes logos and images and segregates plastic packaging at superhuman speeds.

An infrared laser that detects different plastics for sorting and recycling.

4) Companies use recycled ocean plastics to make products for eco-minded consumers

Plastics most definitely do not belong in our oceans. Some consumer companies have found a way to help clean up our oceans and give used plastics another life. Consumer product companies along with their eco-minded customers have found a way to remove plastic litter from our oceans today and have used it to make new products such as high-performance running shoes, stylish sunglasses, and even elegant evening gowns.

5) We’re recycling more plastics

Plastics recycling has grown significantly since we began measuring in the 1990s. We’re recycling more plastics than ever before, and today we have access to recycling programs for a growing number of plastics, including bottles, cups, containers, lids, and bags/wraps.

6) It’s now possible to find recycled plastic products in your favourite stores

The next time you’re looking for new clothing, sneakers, children’s toys, or even cooking tools, try adding “recycled plastic” to your online search. Today, products that give used plastics another life aren’t as difficult to find as you may think.

Plastics are one of the most versatile and commonly used materials in the world. While no one can deny the profound impact they have had on the last 100 years of human history, our reliance on the various forms of plastic has made developing an efficient method of plastic recycling essential.

0 notes

ourhappyplanet · 5 years ago

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How to Recycle Plastic Bags

Plastic Bag Recycling

When it comes to recycling, what do you think of first? Is it big blue or green recycling bins, labeled for different types of plastics or glass or aluminum or cardboard or paper? Do you think of plastic bags?

Plastic bag recycling is booming, yet many consumers aren’t even yet aware that plastic bags can be recycled. Let’s look at some of the reasons that might be, as well as how plastic bags are recycled and where you can take your plastic bags for plastic bag recycling.

How Hard Is It To Recycle Plastic?

Truthfully, likely much harder than you might realize. In large part, that is because of the range of types of plastics and how difficult many of those plastics are to breakdown into a form that can then be reworked into something new.

Consider this: only 9 percent of all plastic is recovered in the United States—almost all of which is PET (#1 plastic) and HDPE (#2 plastic) plastic, though even their recovery rates are only 31 and 28 percent, respectively. So what’s the hold-up?

Let’s look at some of the biggest limiting factors when it comes to plastic recycling:

The resin codes. Many consumers mistake the numbers on their plastics for a recycling key, courtesy those arrows around the numbers. All the numbers denote, however, is the resin composition of the plastics; not all of those plastics are actually recyclable. In many places and in many recycling programs, for instance, only #1 (PET) and #2 (HDPE) plastics are recyclable.

Even more variations than codes. Even if there are only seven resin codes, there are, in fact, thousands of different kinds of plastics—and they need to be carefully sorted in order to be recycled. (And if they aren’t sorted correctly, and different types of plastics are processed together, it can ruin the whole batch.)

Pigmentation. Assuming they are recyclable, clear plastics can be recycled into any color; white plastics can be recycled into any color but clear. When different colors are introduced into the mix, however, it can be much harder to work with dyes to make them anything other than a darker hue of the color they already are.

Downcycling. Unlike some other recyclables—like glass, for instance—which can be recycled in a closed loop, glass bottles begetting more glass bottles, plastic recycling might more accurately be called downcycling, as it is most often recycled into something else lower down the production line, such as jacket filling, which can then not be recycled. As a result, most plastic recycling can still only be recycled once.

Consumer education. The biggest problem, of course, with plastic recycling is that most consumers don’t know what is and what isn’t recyclable, nor the best way to recycle their plastics.

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

Plastic Recycling Numbers

As we noted above, plastics are often labeled with one of seven numbers, connected to their resin. Those seven numbers are as follows:

Polyethylene Terephthalate, or PETE. Common applications include food packaging, water bottles, and soda bottles.

High-Density Polyethylene, or HDPE. Common applications include milk bottles, motor oil containers, detergent, and bleach containers.

Polyvinyl Chloride, or PVC. Common applications include toys, plastic piping, even furniture.

Low-Density Polyethylene, or LDPE. Common applications include sandwich bags, grocery bags—what we think of as plastic bags—and plastic wrap.

Polypropylene, or PP. Common applications include rope, plastic tubs, even clothing.

Polystyrene, or PS. What we commonly call styrofoam, common applications include packing peanuts, carry-out food trays, and cups.

Other types of plastic all fall into this category.

In many places, only a few of those types of plastic are recyclable; PETE (#1) and HDPE (#2) are the most commonly recycled plastics, for instance. Fortunately, plastic bags are more and more frequently eligible for plastic bag recycling, so let’s look more closely at that process.

What Happens To Plastic Bags That Are Recycled?

We’ve already seen that most plastic bags are made of #4 plastic, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), though some are also made with high-density polyethylene (#2, HDPE). While many curbside recycling programs will accept #2 HDPE plastics, many fewer will accept #4 LDPE plastics, and as a general rule, you shouldn’t expect your local curbside recycling program to accept plastic bags. That doesn’t mean they can’t be recycled, though!

Instead, many grocery stores and other retail locations offer plastic bag recycling—and in some places may even be required to offer it by law. As a result, you can generally find places for your plastic bag recycling near you—we’ll even help you find plastic bag recycling near you in the very next section!

That doesn’t explain, however, what happens to those plastic bags after you drop them off at a plastic bag recycling location—so let’s look a little more closely at that process. Here’s how you should handle your plastic bag recycling:

Make sure there is nothing left in any of the bags, such as crumbs or receipts, which can contaminate your load.

Have dedicated storage space for plastic bag recycling. That way you can drop off batches of 50 or 100 bags at a time, especially as they don’t take up much space.

Make sure your bags are separated out. Some facilities only take #2 plastic bags, for instance, or only #4 plastic bags. (Other locations, however, may not require your bags be sorted in advance; check your local plastic bag recycling locations for more details on what you need to do in your area.)

Once you drop your bags off, one of several things might happen. Your bags might be melted down, or they might be chipped into pellets, depending on what their next use is.

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And those plastic bags end up as quite a few different things. Let’s look at some of the most common applications for plastic bag recycling:

Composite Lumber. With a mix of plastic bag recycling and lumber scraps (such as sawdust or old pallet scraps, for instance), composite lumber is both hardy and relatively cheap, which makes it a frequent option for decking and outdoor construction. It holds up well to the elements, which makes it a great option for various construction projects. Plastic bags are often chipped into pellets as part of the recycling process if they are slated for use in composite lumber.

New Plastic Bags. Of course, plastic bag recycling can also result in new bags after the old bags are melted down as part of the plastic bag recycling process. This type of recycling is far more environmentally responsible than making new bags from scratch, too.

Nanotechnology. Carbon nanotube membranes, which are used in nanotech (such as biomedical applications and energy storage), can be made from recycled plastic bags.

Finally, check out these 15 facts about recycling plastic bags.

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15 Plastic Bag Recycling Facts

More than one billion plastic bags are used every day.

That works out to an average of 4 bags per person per day in the United States.

And only approximately 3% of those bags are ever recycled.

That means 97% of all plastic bags end up in landfills.

Of the plastic bags that are recycled, nearly half end up in composite lumber.

Almost all of that composite lumber is sold by one of two companies: Trex Company and AERT Inc.

Composite lumber made with plastic bag recycling is more durable than traditional lumber when it comes to outdoor projects, doesn’t need treatment with harmful chemicals, and is pest-resistant and splinter-free, which are all reasons it is often a more environmentally responsible choice than more traditional options.

Composite lumber made from plastic bags is available at many hardware and home improvement stores, such as Home Depot or Lowe’s.

Plastic bags are one of the biggest ocean contaminants, and sea life such as birds and fish often mistake them for food—which can, in turn, lead to their death, either by choking, digestive issues (courtesy the plastic their bodies aren’t equipped to handle), or even getting stuck in the plastic itself.

In fact, up to 80% of all marine trash is plastic bags.

Each year, 100,000 marine mammals die as a result of all of those plastic bags.

How widespread is the problem? Nearly a third of all leatherback sea turtles, for instance, have been found to have plastic in their stomachs.

Nor do plastic bags biodegrade, meaning it can take hundreds of years for them to decompose—even if handled properly in a landfill, for instance.

Because plastic bags are made from petroleum, every ton of plastic bag recycling (between 400,000-500,000 bags) saves between 10 and 12 barrels of oil.

Plastic bags use a lot of oil to produce: 12 million barrels each year. Or another way of looking at it: Roughly a mile’s worth of gasoline is used for every 14 bags produced.

Considering all of that, don’t you want to use fewer plastic bags? And when you are forced to use plastic bags, don’t you want to take advantage of plastic bag recycling?

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Where Can I Recycle Plastic Grocery Bags?

Fortunately, plastic bag recycling is widespread, and many grocery and retail stores offer collection points.

For instance, if you click here you can enter your zip code and find collection points near you. Many major retail chains make a point of having plastic bag recycling collection points, as well, including Target, Walmart, Kroger, Safeway, and more.

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Does Walmart Recycle Plastic Bags?

They do! Nationwide, Walmart offers plastic bag recycling collection receptacles. These are usually located near the entrance to the store, but you may need to check with your local Walmart if you have trouble locating the collection point.

You should also feel good about recently announced initiatives in which Walmart is asking its suppliers to be better about plastic packaging. The new guidelines, announced in February 2019, include the following:

100 percent of private brand packaging should be recyclable, reusable, or compostable by 2025;

At least 20 percent of private brand packaging should be post-consumer recycled content by 2025;

100 percent of consumable (food) packaging should include How2Recycle labeling by 2022;

Non-recyclable PVC packaging material should be eliminated from general merchandise packaging by 2020;

Private brand plastic packaging should be reduced wherever possible.

Those are some big goals toward a more sustainable future!

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Does Home Depot Recycle Plastic Bags?

Home Depot similarly has plastic bag recycling collection points, often in the front of their stores. In addition, they also offer other types of recycling, including electronic recycling and battery recycling, meaning that you can regularly use Home Depot locations to recycle items you might not be able to recycle elsewhere.

You can learn more about their electronic recycling program on their site, and it’s worth learning more about Call2Recycle—their nonprofit battery recycling arm—too, especially as they’ve successfully recycled more than 10 million pounds of rechargeable batteries, for instance.

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Does Target Recycle Plastic Bags?

Target was one of the first major retailers to jump on the plastic bag recycling train, first offering it at all stores nationwide in 2010. The move came as part of a major recycling program overhaul in Target stores to coincide with the 40th anniversary of the first Earth Day; the initiative was originally part of a month-long focus on recycling and sustainability.

Recycling stations at the front of each Target store accept a wide range of recyclable products, not just plastic bags. In addition to plastic bag recycling, you can find receptacles for:

Aluminum recycling

Glass recycling

Plastic beverage container recycling

Plastic bag recycling

Cell phone recycling

Ink cartridge recycling

Target has also offered discounts at various points in time for customers who brought their own bags, helping reduce the number of plastic bags their customers need to use, as well.

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Can You Recycle Ziploc Bags?

You can! In fact, you can drop off your clean and dry Ziploc bags at any plastic bag recycling collection point. It is, however, incredibly important that your Ziploc bags are clean and dry.

Much like other plastic bag recycling, any crumbs or other contamination can ruin an entire load. And, given that Ziploc bags are frequently used for food storage, it’s especially important that you make sure to clean and dry your bags before dropping them off for recycling.

If you have done that, however, you should be able to drop your Ziploc bags off at any plastic bag recycling collection point to ensure they are recycled appropriately.

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Can You Recycle Plastic Straws?

Unfortunately, the answer is usually no. The problem with plastic straws has less to do with the type of plastic used, as polypropylene (plastic #5) can be recycled in some programs, and more to do with the size and flexibility of most plastic straws.

Because plastic drinking straws are so small and so bendy, they have a tendency to get stuck in sorting machinery. They’re also incredibly light, which gives them a tendency to drop through sorting screens, often resulting in either contaminating other loads or other issues.

And plastic straws, small as they are, add up—the average American uses 1.6 straws per day. That’s 500 million straws nationwide per day! That ends up being a lot of trash.

There may be other options available to you, however. First, some recycling programs will accept plastic straws if they are packaged in such a way that they’ll go through the sorting facility without causing problems, such as if you put all of your plastic straws in a #5 plastic container (like a butter tub, for instance, which are usually polypropylene). If this is something you’re considering, please call your recycling facility first; if you try this approach in a facility that will not allow straws even if packaged in other plastic recycling you may inadvertently cause contamination issues or worse.

The other option, of course, is to simply stop using plastic straws. Reusable steel straws, for instance, or easy to take with you for use in places where you would otherwise use a plastic straw—and is an easy way to readily cut down on your plastic straw consumption.

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Resources:

https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/tes/solidwaste/info/RecyclingPlasticComplications.pdf

https://sustainablebrands.com/read/waste-not/the-many-challenges-of-plastic-recycling

https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2018/04/04/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-plastic-and-recycling/

http://theconversation.com/why-cant-all-plastic-waste-be-recycled-100857

https://www.bustle.com/p/why-is-recycling-so-hard-you-may-think-its-complicated-but-nothing-could-be-easier-8768454

https://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/recycling-by-the-numbers.html

https://www.greenlivingtips.com/info/plastic-recycling.pdf

https://education.seattlepi.com/happens-plastic-grocery-bags-recycled-4791.html

https://georgiarecycles.org/tools-resources/citizen-resource-guides/plastic-bag-guide/

https://www.plasticbaglaws.org/get-involved/plastic-bag-recycling

https://earth911.com/recycling-guide/how-to-recycle-plastic-bags/

https://solutions.recyclecoach.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-plastic-bag-recycling/

https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/population_and_sustainability/sustainability/plastic_bag_facts.html

https://www.plasticfilmrecycling.org/recycling-bags-and-wraps/find-drop-off-location/

https://www.how2recycle.info/sdo

https://www.quora.com/What-does-Walmart-do-with-the-plastic-bags-they-receive-to-recycle-that-can-be-from-any-other-store

https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2019/02/26/walmart-announces-new-plastic-packaging-waste-reduction-commitments

https://corporate.homedepot.com/newsroom/call2recycle-home-depot-recycles-ten-million-pounds-rechargeable-batteries

https://www.homedepot.com/c/electronics_recycling_programs

https://corporate.target.com/press/releases/2010/04/target-launches-recycling-stations

https://ziploc.com/en/Sustainability-and-Safety

https://livegreen.recyclebank.com/column/because-you-asked/are-plastic-sandwich-bags-recyclable

https://get-green-now.com/recycle-plastic-straws/

https://earth911.com/home/food-beverage/recycling-mystery-plastic-straws/

https://www.mydisposal.com/plastic-straws

The post How to Recycle Plastic Bags appeared first on Our Happy Planet.

from Our Happy Planet https://ourhappyplanet.org/how-to-recycle-plastic-bags/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-to-recycle-plastic-bags via https://ourhappyplanet.org

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wayneooverton · 6 years ago

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Great Barrier Reef Heroes

Like all the world’s coral reefs, the Great Barrier Reef under threat. Climate change, storm damage, deadly crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) outbreaks and pollution have all impacted the Reef over recent years. But the world’s largest living organism is still a spectacular sight. Because it’s so important, there are plenty of Great Barrier Reef heroes caring for this World Heritage site. Many people are working directly to help save this global icon. Their projects range from education programs to plastic-pollution control, CoTS eradication, coral nurseries, renewable-energy development and responsible stewardship by marine-park tourism organizations. Here are a few of the heroes working to save this world treasure every day.

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Peter Gash/Lady Elliot Island

Lady Elliot Island Eco Resort’s Peter Gash has successfully managed the regeneration of flora and fauna on this tiny island. Simultaneously, he also developed the island’s renewable energy resources. The island, a hotspot for manta rays, now plays host to thousands of nesting seabirds. Furthermore, over 80 percent of the island’s energy requirements now come from a combined solar and battery-storage system.

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Wendy Morris/The Reef Society

Wendy Morris founded The Reef Society to promote stories of Great Barrier Reef creatures through art, photography and clothing. Many years ago, she also founded Reef Biosearch, the first marine-biologist-led interpretive company to work commercially on the Great Barrier Reef, which became a prototype for eco-tourism operations.

Col McKenzie

Col McKenzie heads up the Association of Marine Park Tourism Operators (APMTO), which manages stewardship of the reef. He and his wife Margie have been fighting for the reef since the 1990s. Another of their projects is management of the CoTS eradication program.

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Libby Edge/Eco Barge Clean Seas

Libby Edge’s Eco Barge Clean Seas program has been removing plastic waste from the Whitsunday Islands for almost 10 years. The program has not only helped save the lives of marine animals, but also educated locals to reduce land-based litter in the tropical north.

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Fitzroy Island projects

The Reef Restoration Foundation, led by Stewart Christie, has established the reef’s first coral gardening and restoration project at Fitzroy island. As a result of their work, the island installed the first of many coral-tree gardens. The project has strong tourism industry support.

Also at Fitzroy Island, Jenny Gilbert heads up the Cairns Turtle Rehabilitation Center, a volunteer-operated, non-profit organization dedicated to the rehabilitation of sick and injured turtles since 2000.

Andy Ridley/Citizens of the Great Barrier Reef

The newest program established to save the Reef is Citizens of the Great Barrier Reef, headed up by Andy Ridley, founder of Earth Hour, which aims to unite people across the globe with this one aim in mind.

You can help too. Here are few of the best ways that you can help save the GBR for future generations.

Visit the Great Barrier Reef

“Come and see why it’s worth saving,” says Col McKenzie. “The more tourism dollars we spend on Great Barrier Reef operators, the more funding will go to local projects actively working to conserve the reef.”

By visiting the GBR you’ll see for yourself just how beautiful it is and have a greater understanding why it needs your continued passion to save it.

Learn about the reef

Most boats that visit the outer reef have a marine biologist on board, so take advantage of the opportunity to ask as many questions as you like. Marine biologist Marie Taylor has been running educational programs for Reef Magic for many years. She has also engaged the local indigenous community and incorporates the reef’s spiritual story into her presentations.

You can also attend Reef Teach, a two-hour evening presentation where you’ll learn everything about the reef, including how coral reefs form, the difference between soft and hard corals, and how to identify fish.

Possibly the best way to learn more about the Reef is to visit Reef HQ in Townsville. In this aquarium and research center you’ll find the world’s largest-living coral reef in an aquarium — it even has an annual spawning event. It’s positively bursting at the seams with information on how this complicated and biodiverse habitat works, the various threats to the reef and what scientists are doing to save it.

Learn how to help

You can contribute to several citizen-science projects by helping to monitor the reef’s health. These include Eye on the Reef, Coral Watch and ReefSearch.

Sign up for ReefSearch and you’ll receive a field guide explaining how you can contribute valuable data to scientists studying the reef’s health. Henceforth, you’ll spend 10 minutes of each dive, snorkel or reef walk looking for key species, checking coral condition, and making note of any rubbish found.

The University of Queensland manages Coral Watch, which is focused on bleaching events. Your Coral Watch kit comes with a color-coded slate that helps you identify and record coral colors that you can then upload via an app to add to a global database.

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GRMPA) manages Eye on the Reef. Download the Eye on the Reef app or login online to report your sightings directly to them. A sighting can be anything a reef-user feels important enough to report. These can include incidents like a bleaching event, crown-of-thorns starfish, stranded or sick wildlife and coral damage.

Contribute

You can contribute to three local projects directly. As a result, you can be sure that 100 percent of your donation goes directly to saving the reef.

The Great Barrier Reef Research Foundation, the Reef Rainforest Research Center, and the Citizens of the Great Barrier Reef are all set up for crowdfunding. All your contributions will go directly into GBR initiatives.

Become a citizen of the Great Barrier Reef

Citizens of the Great Barrier Reef works to connect people all over the world with one aim in mind — to save the reef. It’s easy to become a Citizen: simply sign up, choose your color and pick an ‘action’ to complete. You can choose to:

Bring your own bag

Bring your own bottle

Say no to straws

Don’t leave leftovers

Carry your own cup

Sponsor a CoTS diver

“As part of the Citizens community, every action you complete, no matter how small, will contribute to the combined impact of many,” says founder Andy Ridley. “Through the cumulative effect of individual choices, we can achieve large-scale positive change

The post Great Barrier Reef Heroes appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

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carissamcdanielmg · 7 years ago

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numberoneharmonyobject-blog · 7 years ago

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How To Deep Clean A Refrigerator In 15 Minutes

The fridge freezer is a necessary appliance and also one of the very most useful, not only does it help to keep our food fresh, but it addittionally stores a glut of groceries for us to use at a later time. Cleaning out the rotten food how to clean fridge from your fridge and making some extra space makes you life easier and allows air to circulate through the refrigerator better, improving efficiency. Solution: Just to be sure that your bins are clean, take them out and wash them with warm water and dish soap. As you are placing items back into the fridge group similar items together and put nearly expired food to the front as a reminder to use them up. While the fridge is defrosting, you can clean out the inside and back of the appliance. Avoid cleaning the inside of your refrigerator with 100-percent bleach. Use a stainless steel cleaner or polish, and a soft clean rag. At worst, you'll clean fridge have mold and mildew, rendering the fridge useless without a serious cleaning later. I clean my fridge often, but junk ends up destroying whatever effort I put into cleaning it. My fridge is a shared one, so it isn't entirely mine. Cleaning the top layer shelves (same as above). For stainless steel surfaces, you may use a special stainless steel cleaner spray and stainless steel wipes Dry immediately with a paper towel, dish towel, or microfiber cloth. Keep your fridge smelling fresh and clean with how to remove odor from refrigerator this all-natural, super-easy DIY method. You'll not only have a better idea of extra items you might need to pick up at the store next time (or ones that have expired such as condiments), but your fridge will be sparkling clean for all the new groceries you buy. Wipe that tomato sauce bottle or maple syrup jar before you put it back in the door of the fridge. My favorite refrigerator cleaning tools? 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Clean condenser coils: Condenser clean fridge coils in the back of your fridge cool and condense refrigerant, releasing heat. Plan to clean a refrigerator three to four times each year to keep the unit running efficiently and odors to a minimum. Wearing cotton garden gloves (machine wash them first) can stop you suffering from the cold as you clean out the fridge. As you restock your refrigerator, throw out rotten or spoiled food, condense items when possible, and place them back in the fridge clean refrigerator in an organized fashion. While there are many commercial cleansers on the market advertised specifically for stainless steel, the best way to clean your appliances is still with either all-natural ingredients or a little dish soap diluted in water. Nutrition Action, the newsletter published by the nonprofit Center for Science in the Public Interest , has created a refrigerator-cleaning primer to help you keep your food safe from harmful bacteria. A clean refrigerator how to clean fridge will make healthy, fresh foods look more appealing. To remove dried-on bits of food, soften them with the solution before washing off, rather than trying to scrape them off (which risks piercing the shell of the fridge). You have a choice of many cleaning products to use on the exterior of your refrigerator. This almost goes without saying, but if you notice a spill or stain in the fridge, try to clean it up quickly and remove the source clean fridge of the stain. Yep, you know how we love vinegar around here and when it comes to cleaning our fridges, it's no exception. Clear the items out of your fridge from the top shelf and set them on the counter as you clean. If appliances are heavily soiled, it may be necessary to change the cleaning solution several times. Check the condition of fresh food in your fridge regularly and discard of things that are rotting or getting mouldy. how to clean stainless steel refrigerator 10. Turn fridge cleaning into a game for the kids. (Or, you can use cleanser, but apply it to the paper towel first and not directly into a fridge full of food.) Keep baking soda in the fridge year round. I just wanted to thank you for these tips on cleaning a fridge. 5. To freshen the smell of your fridge you can also soak a piece of cotton wool in vanilla and leave inside for 12 hours which will produce a lovely fresh and clean how to clean refrigerator aroma. Before you start cleaning, check your appliance thermometer to make sure you fridge is keeping your food at 40 °F or below. Catch any ice or dripping water in a baking pan placed on old towels at the base of the fridge. The chemical name for baking soda is "sodium bicarbonate," and it is a cleaner and deodorizer. Clean stains with warm water and a soft cloth. Bought a white fridge and had it for 3 years before I had to remove and clean the filter thingy that's on the bottom how to clean refrigerator with vinegar front of the fridge. If you've had a spill you didn't notice and it's gotten dry and hard it can be difficult to clean up it up. I suggest first trying a paste of baking soda and water to use the abrasive properties of baking soda to loosen up the spill.

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djgblogger-blog · 7 years ago

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Beyond bleach: Mold a long-term problem after flooding and disasters

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Florentina Amaya of Houston looks at mold damage to her home, Sept. 5, 2017. AP Photo/David J. Phillip

One of the biggest issues surrounding flooding after natural disasters is mold, a problem that can stay with a structure long after floodwaters have receded. Considering that over 17 percent of homes already have some physical condition that contributes to leaks and that mold grows in temperatures between 40 degrees Fahrenheit and 100°F, there is no wonder that we see mold and mildew problems after a disaster that brings flooding in homes and buildings.

Molds are fungi. Dampness supports mold and can create an unhealthy living space for people. When present in large quantities, all molds are allergenic and potentially harmful. Mold was implicated in the deaths of four Southern University at New Orleans professors after Hurricane Katrina, and mold remained a persistent problem in thousands of homes even after cleanup.

I have been an extension agent, or someone who shares the university’s consumer and agricultural research advances directly with the public, working with indoor environmental quality issues for over 20 years. From my work, I know that the health effects from exposure to mold can be short-term or long-term. But there’s a lot people can do to reduce or avoid potential problems.

Fast action essential

Always consider safety first when going back into a flooded home. Check for structural stability. If damage was severe, you may need to call a specialist to inspect your home to ensure it is safe to enter.

For areas that are less than 10 square feet, the National Center for Healthy Housing recommends that homeowners or renters clean it up themselves. For larger areas, consider using a professional. Hire a mold inspection or remediation professional affiliated with or certified by the National Environmental Health Association, the American Industrial Hygiene Association , the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification or the American Council for Accredited Certification to inspect, repair and restore the damaged parts of your home.

If you do the work yourself, keep children away while work is being done. For bigger jobs or for more protection, use a P100, which blocks 99.9 percent of all particulates, or a P95 respirator. Wear eye protection that does not have open vent holes. Use gloves that are nonlatex, vinyl, nitrile or rubber and coveralls to protect clothing.

Change into “work” clothes before entering the work area and remove when leaving.

You may need to contain the area to prevent the spread of the spores. (Check out HUD’s Rebuild Healthy Homes publication for more great information, including on how to create a containment area.)

Identify the extent of the damage, what you can do to stop it from continuing to get in and how to protect people in the space.

A meter for measuring moisture content can be helpful. Andrey_Popov/www.shutterstock.com

A moisture meter can be useful in determining how wet a material is, as well as identifying the source. Something that looks dry may have hidden moisture. Wood moisture content should be less than 16 percent.

Dry the wet areas – completely – as quickly as you can after the event. The water content is the most critical factor in determining if fungi can germinate and grow on a surface. Mold grows on almost any material that stays wet more than about two days. The longer the mold and wetness remain, the faster it spreads. And it is a survivor. It can grow even in dry spaces with humidity levels between 25 percent and 70 percent.

If you have mud and silt, shovel it out before it dries. Open doors, cabinets and drawers and use air-conditioning, heaters, fans and dehumidifiers to remove moisture. But if mold has started to grow, do not use fans, as they can spread the mold spores.

To bleach, or not to bleach?

Supplies for removing mold include a hard brush and cleaning solution, but not necessarily bleach. Burdun Iliya/www.shutterstock.com

Many people want to reach for bleach when they first see mold. While bleach can be effective in killing mold on nonporous surfaces such as tile and porcelain, it does not work on wood and other porous material, such as drywall. On those surfaces, bleach can actually encourage more mold growth. Bleach does not prevent the regrowth of new colonies when materials stay damp.

If you do use bleach on bathroom and other nonporous surfaces, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises that you use no more than one cup of household bleach to one gallon of water. Make sure you open windows and ventilate your work space.

Also, do not use bleach on air conditioning systems, as bleach is corrosive. Do not use on fine wood furnishings, as it can raise the grain.

And never mix bleach with ammonia; that can cause toxic fumes.

Sometimes, letting go can be best

Discard items that cannot be washed and disinfected. Remove carpeting, padding, draperies, upholstered furniture, pillows, stuffed animals and mattresses, as they absorb water quickly and dry slowly.

Ceiling tiles that are wet lose their insulative properties and need to be replaced. If you are removing building materials, like flooring or popcorn ceilings, trim or siding, be aware that in older homes they may have lead paint and asbestos.

Cleaning mold means we must remove it, not just kill it. Dead spores can still cause health problems. Wipe or vacuum the area. If using a vacuum, consider using one that has a High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance filter. Professionals use commercial certified HEPA filter vacuums. Then, use a nonphosphate cleaning solution and hot water. Use cloths, stiff brushes and, if needed, mist-spray bottles. Do not use high-pressure sprayers, as this could dislodge and spread mold spores.

And finally, keep an eye out for new growth or continued dampness. Remember, mold can form in as little as two to three days. Check the outside grade to make sure you have good drainage of rainwater away from your house. Make sure you are using indoor humidity controls like bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans vented to the outside to help prevent added moisture.

If you see new mold, repeat cleaning and drying procedures. In some cases, it may mean that extended removal of building materials may be needed.

Keep in mind that damage to your home may cause you to have an emotional reaction. This is normal. Refocus your attention on positive things and what you can do. You can safely repair and rebuild your home after water damage.

Katherine Allen does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond the academic appointment above.

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mredwinsmith · 7 years ago

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The Types of People You Meet At An Ultimate Pick Up Game

As I’ve written about here and here, I started playing ultimate in 1989.

After close to 30 years of experiences playing across Canada, the US and in many other countries in the world, the same type of people keep showing up at pick-up games again and again and again.

Here are the people you will meet at your next pick-up ultimate game.

You will meet the…

Masters Player

Wears a well-worn jersey from the early 90s and a salt-stained visor

Takes forever getting ready as he covers every joint with athletic tape, puts on his ankle, knee, and elbow braces and downs a handful of ibuprofen

Looks visibly hurt as he goes for the slowest warm up jog anyone has ever witnessed

Does 15-45 minutes of dynamics loudly groaning the whole time

Name drops players he played with and against in the “good old days” that no one under 35 has heard of

Constantly calls for everyone to dump the even when the disc is 20 yards upfield and he is lagging way behind the play

After getting scored on, will remind his team of his laundry-list of injuries he’s currently dealing with and how he would have definitely stopped that guy 10 years ago

“The Rules Police”

Initially comes off as relaxed and cool, but is actually one of the more intensely, condescending and passive-aggressive people there

Knows. Every. Single. Rule. Period.

Can quote the exact rule complete with page number and edition the rule first was added and carries at least one paper copy of the rules in his bag

Will state “No, that isn’t rule 10.5.1a, that’s rule 10.5.1b!” while shaking his head with frustration followed by muttering “idiot”

Impossible to discuss/debate/argue with as they are 100% right and have never been wrong about anything which partially explains their asking everyone if they need a guy for their league team

Young Couple in Love

Shows up late heavily alluding to last night’s bedtime escapades with slightly too much detail

Excessive and disgusting amount of hugging, kissing and touching during warm-up, while on the sideline, on the line awaiting the pull and during any stoppages in play

Loudly calling out “sweetie”, “honey”, “sweetheart” and other pet names almost to make everyone else feel worse about the current state of their own love life

Constantly looking to throw to each other regardless of how open the other is or how wide open anyone else is

Each point scored via the lovers connecting on a pass elicits a mandatory “awwwww” or else you risk coming across as bitter and unhappy

Dude Who Doesn’t Talk

This guy just doesn’t talk…to anyone…at all

“A Little too Amped up on D” Person

Will get at least one Callahan often on a beginner and will completely taco the disc in his aggressively intense celebration

Will bark at and mercilessly berate teammates who aren’t giving 110% the entire time

Consumes between 3-5 energy drinks during the game attempting to crush them against his head after drinking each one even when they are in plastic or glass bottles

In timeouts will use words such as “relentless”, “smothering” and “suffocating” causing everyone to be slightly concerned and afraid to not play better defense

Others will worry that he will incidentally break their hand in an exuberant on-field celebration

At least one person will say “chill dude” followed by “what are you on?” followed by “are you bleeding?”

Guy Looking to Score in Every Sense of the Term

From the moment he arrives, he will constantly flirt moving from female to female as if a bee looking to pollinate flowers

Will use as many risqué double-entendres, juvenile spoonerisms and sexual euphemisms as he can while maintaining his dual focus of playing ultimate and hooking up

Offers up-close-and-personal hands-on help for all women with their grips, how to pivot and how to use your hips and shoulders when throwing for distance

No endzone celebration is complete without his hugging each woman on his team for slightly longer and tighter than is socially acceptable

College All Star

Does wind sprints and core workout during warmup while all others are chatting

Literally does not stop running the entire time even when off the field

Breaks the mark with impossibly low, precise throws as if that is her sole mission

Scores literally every single point causing other team to change their entire defense to attempt to contain her, which they can’t

Will D most of the guys on the opposing team repeatedly until they wonder if they somehow offended her or start to cry for their mommies or both

Would come across as a robot if not so smiley and cute

Spirit “Cheerleader”

Plays with such an extreme level of unbridled enthusiasm that everyone keeps their distance and is slightly worried about her mental health

Wants to high five everyone on both teams after every point even going as far as gleefully chasing after someone who “isn’t in the mood”

Will call at least 3 spirit timeouts that include spirit games, sitting cross-legged in a circle and literally suggesting singing Kumbaya and a teary-eyed story about “where has all the spirit gone?”

Is “all about spirit”, something she will mention somewhere between 35-60 times during the game

After the game, she insists that the team perform a detailed, politically correct and overly-rehearsed song parody to the tune of American Pie, I Will Survive or Fight For Your Right (to Party)

“Cares too Much About Winning” Guy

Hyper-aware of the score the entire time

Glares for an uncomfortably long time at anyone who doesn’t seem like they totally care about winning

Talks about all of the results of previous pick-up games from weeks and years past swearing about “the utterly depressing” losses

Celebrates scoring or throwing for a point so much so that it is awkwardly embarrassing for all

Takes far too much credit if his team wins and doles out the blame on all of the newbies who “should have been looked off no matter how open they were” if his team loses

Guy who Wandered in off the Beach

Long, sun-bleached graying hair in a ponytail – will be wearing a bandana

Wears ripped jean cutoffs and tank top and may play barefoot

Weathered, bronze skin and appears that he may have slept at the field overnight

Smells “interesting”

Throws beach throws, has zero field awareness including where the endzone is and what defense means

Consumes somewhere between 3-6 cans of beer during the game and somehow his play will improve

Will launch into some long, rambling story loosely involving a Frisbee from the 70s that will have no point or conclusion

Tanned Muscles Guy

Shows up in the smallest tank top and short shorts so as to show off his impressive collection of well-oiled muscles causing at least one person to ask “are those real?”

Speaks monosyllabically and possibly with a hard-to-place accent when not flexing

Will find multiple, mostly nonsensical reasons throughout the game to remove his shirt displaying a six-pack that others will find both impressive and infuriating

Plays the entire game wearing sunglasses causing teammates to wonder “what is he looking at?”, “what is he thinking?” and “is he thinking?”

Lower Division League “Star”

Shows up in brand-new cleats and decked out in elite club team gear

When doing a team name circle, inserts a non-ironic “The” before his name before dusting off his shoulders

Exudes tons and tons of confidence complete with an annoying laugh and complicated high five routine

Loudly lets everyone know of his team’s incredible record this season conveniently never addressing the question of what division he actually plays in

After throw aways or being burned on D will come up with excuse after excuse as to why he “didn’t bring his A game”

At the end, when reality has finally set in, he will be the last to leave the field as he stares vacantly off into the distance as a single tear slowly rolls down his cheek

Uber-Athlete

This woman biked here straight from the gym where she just completed “only 90 minutes” of weights after she either did an early-morning 20 mile run and/or a triathlon “just for fun”

Drinks a water bottle full of what can only be described as brownish-greenish sludge

Complains that the points are too short and the time between points are too long and that if this keeps up she won’t get her 50000 daily steps in

Regardless of what anyone else mentions, she will trump any exercise story with her own athletic feat that no one will doubt the veracity of

Club Team Buddies

A gasp will escape the lips of others as these two “famous” players show up

Will only throw to each other regardless of how open anyone else is or how well covered either of them will be

Throws will be hucks or give and go passes where no one else on the team even comes close to touching the disc

Will only play on the same team even when splitting up would make the teams more fair

Won’t run at all when not involved in the play

Don’t play any defense at all and instead race back to the line for the next point so they never have to come off the field

“The Lower-level Older High School Coach”

Wears glasses, a whistle and knee-high socks

Shakes his head repeatedly at the “amateurish” offensive strategy being utilized by “kids these days”

Calls timeouts and, using his clipboard, insists on diagramming overly-detailed-completely-confusing plays involving no-fewer than 9 cuts

Constantly offers advice to everyone on their throws, their grip and their form for catching despite his inability to do any of these himself

Super-Fast Youth

Totally and completely unguardable

Barely breaks a sweat, breathes hard or looks like they are putting in a full effort as they ease around the field repeatedly getting open by huge amounts

Will make all defenders feel older, slower and depressed while maintaining a youthful joie de vivre and obliviousness

Doesn’t stretch, drink water, wear sunscreen or look up from their phone when not playing

Yoga Instructor/Student

Arrives wearing the newest and trendiest yoga wear

Drinking a non-fat, almond milk, kale smoothie or kombucha and eating a Greek yogurt, chia seed, acai berry bowl

Stretches before the game demonstrating unreal flexibility that makes all others either gape with jealousy, drool uncontrollably or both

Will demonstrate so many yoga poses while at the game while constantly dropping the name of her studio that others will rightfully wonder if she was here to play ultimate or just recruit new yoga students

Total Newbie

Has been dragged out by their friend/love interest, something they will repeat ad nauseum

Has never touched a disc before and is visibly scared when thrown to

Regardless of what positions are called, will pick the disc up on turnovers every time and promptly throw the disc away

Somehow throws the disc with zero spin regardless of any pointers anyone gives

Will spend much of the game standing in one spot often waving their arms in the air or slightly keeled over with hands on hips saying “I thought this only involved throwing to dogs”

Which one(s) are you? If I missed one, let me know.

The post The Types of People You Meet At An Ultimate Pick Up Game appeared first on Skyd Magazine.

from Skyd Magazine http://ift.tt/2eQ0Woq

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