#WCAG 2.1 Level AA

[adasitecompliance]

WCAG 2.1 Level AA

ADA Site Compliance ensures digital services meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards and DOJ Title II compliance!

[cosmixsaystoast]

fuck youtube, man

whos idea was it to block THE FUCKING VIDEO PLAYER after 3 videos cause i just dont wanna see 10 5 minutes ads in a row???

gonna look for a youtube compliant adblocker cause these shitsticks hate their loving community SOOO much that they want to take away THE GOD DAMN VIDEOS... FROM THE VIDEO SITE

we need to sue them or something its so bad that this shouldnt be legal

we must prevail in these trying times lads

edit: OH WOULD YOU LOOK AT THAT

2.12 People should be able to render web content as they want. People must be able to change web pages according to their needs. For example, people should be able to install style sheets, assistive browser extensions, and blockers of unwanted content or scripts or auto-played videos. Sep 6, 2023

THESE GUYS ARE BREAKING A FUCKING ONLINE MORAL LAW

People also ask

Is WCAG 2.1 a legal requirement?

The EU Web Accessibility Directive states that public sector bodies must ensure their websites and mobile apps abide by the WCAG 2.1 Level AA accessibility standard. By public sector bodies, it means state, regional, and local authorities, as well as bodies governed by public law.

i mean sure its not a LAW law BUT I MEAN LOOK AT THIS.

YOUTUBE. FIX. YOUR. FUCKING. WEBSITE.

[aodawebdevelopment]

Unlocking the Potential of AODA Website Design for Businesses and Organizations

In today's digital world, accessibility is no longer just a nice-to-have feature for websites—it's a legal requirement. The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) has made it imperative for businesses and organizations in Ontario to ensure that their websites are accessible to everyone, including individuals with disabilities. AODA website design focuses on creating websites that are easy to use for people with various disabilities, such as visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive impairments.

In this article, we’ll explore how AODA website design can unlock potential for businesses and organizations, helping them comply with regulations, expand their reach, and improve the overall user experience.

What is AODA Website Design?

AODA website design refers to the process of creating websites that comply with the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) standards. This act mandates that businesses and organizations ensure their websites and web content are accessible to people with disabilities. AODA website design involves adhering to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), a globally recognized set of recommendations for improving web accessibility.

These guidelines cover a range of issues, from ensuring that website content can be viewed by individuals with visual impairments to making sure that the site can be navigated using only a keyboard for individuals with mobility impairments.

Key Principles of AODA Website Design

AODA website design is rooted in the principles of the WCAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1, which provide guidelines for making content more accessible. These principles focus on four key areas:

Perceivable: Content should be presented in a way that users can perceive, regardless of their sensory abilities. This includes providing alternatives for text (e.g., alt text for images) and making content accessible through both visual and auditory means.

Operable: All users should be able to navigate and interact with the website, even if they have limited dexterity or mobility. This includes ensuring that the site is keyboard navigable and that all interactive elements are easy to use.

Understandable: The content and functionality of the website should be clear and predictable. This involves using simple language, logical organization, and clear instructions to ensure that users with cognitive impairments can understand and navigate the site easily.

Robust: Websites should be built to work well with a wide range of devices, browsers, and assistive technologies. This includes ensuring compatibility with screen readers, magnification tools, and other accessibility devices.

Legal and Business Implications of AODA Website Design

In Ontario, businesses and organizations are legally required to comply with AODA standards for accessibility. The act mandates that by January 1, 2021, all websites must meet the WCAG 2.0 Level AA standards, which were updated with WCAG 2.1 by 2025. Non-compliance with these regulations can result in fines, legal actions, and reputational damage.

However, beyond legal compliance, investing in AODA website design offers businesses and organizations several tangible benefits:

1. Expanding Your Customer Base

One of the most significant advantages of AODA website design is the ability to reach a broader audience. In Ontario alone, over 15% of the population lives with some form of disability. By making your website accessible, you open up your business to a much larger customer base. Accessible websites ensure that individuals with disabilities, whether visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor, can easily access your content and services, thus increasing your potential client pool.

2. Enhancing User Experience for Everyone

AODA website design doesn’t only benefit individuals with disabilities—it enhances the user experience for all visitors. Many accessibility features, such as improved navigation, clear text, and well-organized content, contribute to a better experience for everyone, regardless of their abilities. Features like text resizing, easy-to-read fonts, and simple navigation enhance the overall usability of your website, making it more enjoyable for all users, increasing retention, and ultimately driving more conversions.

3. Improving Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

AODA website design aligns closely with SEO best practices. For example, adding descriptive alt text for images, ensuring proper use of heading tags, and structuring content clearly helps search engines crawl and index your website more effectively. Accessible websites are often more search-engine-friendly, which can improve your rankings and drive more organic traffic to your site. Moreover, as accessibility becomes an increasingly important factor for search engines, improving accessibility may give your website a competitive edge.

4. Strengthening Your Brand Reputation

Commitment to accessibility demonstrates that your business values inclusivity and social responsibility. In today’s market, customers appreciate businesses that go beyond the minimum requirements and create a positive impact on society. By prioritizing AODA website design, you show your dedication to providing equal access to all users. This can improve brand loyalty, attract more customers, and enhance your public image, making your business a more trustworthy and forward-thinking choice in the eyes of consumers.

5. Avoiding Legal Consequences and Penalties

AODA compliance is a legal requirement for businesses operating in Ontario, and failure to comply can result in significant penalties. By ensuring your website is accessible and adhering to the necessary regulations, you reduce the risk of facing legal action, fines, and reputational damage. Keeping your website in compliance with AODA standards not only protects you legally but also shows your commitment to ethical business practices.

Implementing AODA Website Design: Key Steps to Get Started

To create an AODA-compliant website, businesses and organizations need to follow a few crucial steps:

1. Conduct an Accessibility Audit

Before making changes, it’s important to evaluate your current website’s accessibility. An accessibility audit will identify any issues and provide a roadmap for improvement. Use online tools or hire an accessibility consultant to perform a thorough evaluation.

2. Follow WCAG Guidelines

The WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 guidelines serve as the blueprint for AODA website design. Ensure that your website includes the necessary features, such as alt text for images, accessible navigation, proper color contrast, and keyboard-friendly elements.

3. Test Compatibility with Assistive Technologies

Test your website with various assistive technologies, such as screen readers, voice recognition software, and other accessibility tools. This helps ensure that your site functions well for all users, including those with disabilities.

4. Ongoing Maintenance and Updates

Accessibility is an ongoing process. As you update your website or add new content, ensure that it continues to meet AODA standards. Regularly review and update your site to remain compliant and accessible.

Conclusion

AODA web design is more than just a legal requirement—it’s a valuable investment that offers numerous benefits for businesses and organizations. By prioritizing accessibility, you not only comply with the law but also expand your reach, enhance user experience, improve SEO, and build a positive brand reputation.

As the digital world continues to evolve, ensuring that your website is accessible to all individuals is essential for staying competitive, responsible, and inclusive. Whether you're starting from scratch or updating an existing website, implementing AODA website design is a crucial step toward creating a more accessible and successful online presence.

[apexcovantage]

A Complete Guide to DOJ’s Title II Updates for Educational Institutions

The Department of Justice's Title II digital accessibility mandate is reshaping how educational institutions approach their online presence. With the first compliance deadline approaching in 2026, universities and public schools must act now to ensure their digital resources are accessible to all.

The New Digital Accessibility Landscape

Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act has expanded beyond physical accessibility to encompass digital spaces. This update affects all state and local government entities, including:

- Public schools and universities

- Community colleges

- Public libraries

- State and local courts

- Public healthcare facilities

The mandate requires these institutions to make their websites, applications, and electronic content accessible according to WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards. Non-compliance can result in lawsuits, loss of federal funding, and reputational damage.

Key Requirements for Educational Institutions

The DOJ's update focuses on four core principles of digital accessibility:

1. Perceivable Content: All digital content must be available to users regardless of their abilities, requiring alternatives like image descriptions and video captions.

2. Operable Navigation: Websites must be fully navigable via keyboard and provide clear pathways for all users.

3. Understandable Content: Information must be presented clearly and consistently across all platforms.

4. Robust Compatibility: Digital resources must work seamlessly with various assistive technologies.

Important Exceptions to Note

While compliance is crucial, certain exceptions exist:

- Archived content not actively used

- Pre-existing documents non-essential to current operations

- Third-party content without formal agreements

Action Plan for Compliance

To meet these requirements effectively, institutions should:

1. Start with a comprehensive accessibility audit

2. Implement WCAG 2.1 standards across all digital platforms

3. Ensure all documents are accessible

4. Train staff on accessibility best practices

5. Plan for compliance deadlines (April 2026 for large entities, April 2027 for smaller ones)

Moving Forward

Digital accessibility isn't just about compliance - it's about creating an inclusive educational environment that serves all students effectively. With proper planning and implementation, institutions can transform this mandate into an opportunity for innovation in education.

Our team at Documenta11y specializes in helping educational institutions navigate these requirements and implement sustainable accessibility solutions. Start your accessibility journey today to ensure your institution is ready for the future of inclusive education.Need expert guidance on digital accessibility compliance? Contact Documenta11y for a consultation on making your educational resources accessible to all.

[abdelfattah-ragab]

Your Project’s Success Starts with Abdelfattah Ragab, Angular Development Leader

Hello,

I am a versatile and adaptable professional with 8 years of experience in Angular development and graphic design. I have strong problem solving and communication skills and have consistently delivered high quality work in a variety of fields. I also have 6 years of experience leading teams. In 2024, I authored some of the most important Angular books, proving my expertise in the field.

My books are available online, and I also recommend you to search for "Abdelfattah Ragab" on amazon.com to find my books. This should give you a better idea of the topics I excel in: Angular, UI/UX and graphic design.

I'm open to new work and can start immediately.

With kind regards. --------------

Your Project’s Success Starts with Abdelfattah Ragab, Angular Development Leader

Are you looking for a seasoned Angular expert to elevate your project to the next level? Meet Abdelfattah Ragab, a Senior Angular Developer with a proven track record of transforming ideas into robust digital solutions.

Why Choose Abdelfattah?

Extensive Experience: With 8 years of specialized Angular development experience, Abdelfattah has crafted high-performance applications across diverse industries, from e-commerce to education and automotive.

Proven Leadership: Having led teams for 6 years, Abdelfattah excels in guiding projects from conception to completion, ensuring timely delivery and exceptional quality.

Cutting-Edge Expertise: As an author of leading Angular books in 2024, Abdelfattah is at the forefront of Angular innovation. His proficiency extends to integrating advanced technologies such as AR/VR, IoT, Blockchain, and AI into Angular applications.

Performance-Driven Solutions: Abdelfattah focuses on optimizing application performance and efficiency. His work has led to significant improvements, such as a 25% boost in operational efficiency and a 30% reduction in processing time for complex systems.

Accessibility Champion: Abdelfattah is well-versed in WCAG 2.1 AA and WAI-ARIA standards, ensuring that all applications are accessible to users with disabilities. He consistently achieves a Lighthouse score of 90+, demonstrating his commitment to high accessibility standards and compliance with Section 508.

Versatile Skill Set: Beyond Angular, Abdelfattah brings expertise in backend development, DevOps, and cloud computing, as well as a keen eye for UI/UX and graphic design. This unique combination ensures a holistic approach to application development.

Global Experience: Abdelfattah has successfully delivered projects worldwide, from the UAE to Switzerland, the USA, and Egypt, adapting seamlessly to diverse business environments and cultural contexts.

Key Achievements:

E-commerce Innovation: Developed a cutting-edge platform for Shrova Mall, enhancing digital retail experiences with state-of-the-art security and payment integrations.

Educational Excellence: Led the development of an education system that drastically improved processing times and reduced errors.

Healthcare Transformation: Designed a robust lab management system ensuring accurate medical reporting. HIPAA-certified.

Real-Time Solutions: Created a simulation system for radio stations that revolutionized real-time signal tracking.

Ready to Transform Your Vision? Whether you’re a startup looking for dynamic solutions or an established company seeking to innovate, Abdelfattah Ragab is your go-to Angular expert. His commitment to excellence and innovation will bring your project to life with unmatched quality and precision.

Contact Abdelfattah Ragab Today! Mobile/WhatsApp: +201142369630 Email: abdelfattahragab@outlook.com Website: https://abdelfattah-ragab.com

Don’t miss the opportunity to work with a developer who combines technical expertise with creative vision. Reach out today and let’s build something amazing together!

[cmccormickarts346]

(ARTS347) Figma Module 2: Accessibility & Inclusion in Design

Week Three

Figma Module 2: Accessibility & Inclusion in Design

The reading this week provided valuable insights into accessibility and inclusion in the design world. My first experience with inclusion and accessibility in design began when I was creating a rebrand for a company called NeoLogic Solutions. During the project, I remember researching color palettes and refreshing my knowledge on color theory. While researching, I discovered a tool called the Color Palette Builder, which I learned about from a graphic designer named Sam Remboldt on Instagram. Sam founded the Color Palette Studio to help graphic designers create meaningful and impactful color palettes for their projects. While experimenting with the Color Palette Builder, I learned about color contrast ratios. The Builder tests the contrast levels of the colors in a palette, and if the level is above 4.5, it is considered 'Compliant' according to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG 2.0 level AA requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text, while WCAG 2.1 requires a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 for graphics and user interface components. WCAG Level AAA requires a contrast ratio of at least 7:1 for normal text and 4.5:1 for large text. This color builder tool only shows color combinations that have a contrast ratio of 4.5 or higher, making it essential to ensure a design is accessible to everyone. With this information in mind, I was curious to learn about Figma's approach to this matter.

When designing products, it's important to prioritize inclusion and accessibility for a wide range of individuals, not just those with specific disabilities. Inclusive design involves catering to a diverse audience, going beyond personal biases, and creating balance in design to enhance the experience for a larger customer base. To achieve this, it's crucial to avoid assumptions and consider creating variations of the product to serve more people effectively. For instance, it's important to remember that not all individuals with impairments identify as disabled, such as older individuals or those who have not been diagnosed with a disability. Color plays a significant role in accessibility, as many people have difficulty differentiating between colors. It's essential for products relying heavily on color to account for users with color vision deficiencies, such as red-green color blindness (protanopia). Globally, an estimated 260–320 million people are affected by color vision deficiencies, and 4% of the global population is visually impaired, with 0.6% being blind. Figma, a design tool, addresses these issues through tools like the Able Figma plugin, which tests for accessible design, particularly for contrast and visual impairment considerations. It's important for designers to educate themselves on these issues to create designs that are not only targeted toward the intended audience but are also available to all individuals.

[redactedconcepts]

A Crash Course on Accessibility

Overview

WCAG is a set of guidelines, created by the W3C, for making digital content accessible for all users, including people with disabilities.

WCAG timeline

1999: WCAG 1.0 released by W3C

2008: WCAG 2.0 (current version) released

2012: WCAG 2.0 became ISO standard

2017: WCAG 2.1 draft under public review

2018: WCAG 2.1 became ISO standard

2020: WCAG 2.2 working draft and WCAG 3.0 (called “Silver”) is also in working phase

4 principles

WCAG is organized around four principles often called by the acronym POUR:

Perceivable: Can users perceive the content? This helps us keep in mind that just because something is perceivable with one sense, such as sight, that doesn’t mean that all users can perceive it.

Operable: Can users use UI components and navigate the content? For example, something that requires a hover interaction cannot be operated by someone who can’t use a mouse or touch screen.

Understandable: Can users understand the content? Can users understand the interface and is it consistent enough to avoid confusion?

Robust: Can the content be consumed by a wide variety of user agents (browsers)? Does it work with assistive technology?

Accessibility Levels

After defining the 4 principles, WCAG defined 3 differents levels, the two first being absolutely required for any business and website. AAA level is recommended but not required as it may have bigger impacts on designs.

Levels

Level A (required)

A: This level improves accessibility for most sites by making it easier for browsing readers to navigate a site and translate its content, but it is still pretty basic.

Level AA (required)

AA: This level makes content accessible to people with a wider range of disabilities by providing guidance on elements such as color contrast and error identification. Regulators prefer this level.

Level AAA (optional)

AAA: The highest level of accessibility compliance, this makes content accessible to the widest range of people, but it can significantly alter the design of a site. Government legislation doesn’t typically require this because it’s not always possible to conform.

Resources

Accessibility Conformance Levels: Standards

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications)

ARIA is a specification from the W3C and created to improve accessibility of applications by providing extra information to assistive technologies, such as screen readers, via attributes which could be added to HTML.

Warning!

Use native HTML elements: Always use HTML elements whenever possible and try to not re-create element adding an ARIA role. Don’t use ARIA as a quick-fix.

Categories

ARIA Roles

ARIA Roles

ARIA States and Properties

ARIA States and Properties

Resources

First Rule of ARIA Use

Introduction to ARIA | Web Fundamentals | Google Developers

Getting started with ARIA - The A11Y Project

An overview of accessible web applications and widgets - Accessibility | MDN

WAI-ARIA: Top 6 Mistakes to Avoid | Deque

WebAIM: To ARIA! The Cause of, and Solution to, All Our Accessibility Problems

A11y testing tools

When we talk about Web Accessibility Tools, we need to differentiate between automated tools and manual tools.

Based on Tenon.io insights, around 49% of tests are automated (using Axe, Lighthouse etc) and 55% are manual (Screen readers, code analysis etc).

Companies dedicated to A11y

Siteimprove, Tenon.io, Deque and The Paciello Group are amount the most famous company working with Web Accessibility.

Deque Systems

Deque developed an engine called axe-core, which is use by Lighthouse, a Web Accessibilty Testing tool, and webhint.

Example of accessibility tools inside Chrome Developer tools

On Chrome (and Firefox), you can find a color contrast checker available when you select an element to inspect.

You can also see the accessibility tree and all properties attached to an element in the right panel of the Google Developer tool.

Screen Readers

Few different screen readers exist. On Apple products, VoiceOver is the one usually used. Jaws is famous but expensive. NVDA is an open source version that is more an more used in replacement to the expensive Jaws windows software.

You can see in the graphic below that JAWS, NVDA and VoiceOver were the most used late 2017.

How to enable VoiceOver on Mac OSX

Go to your preferences

Choose Accessibility

On the VoiceOver tab, choose to enable VoiceOver. I recommend to learn the shortcut ⌘ + F5 to easily enable / disable VoiceOver.

Basic shortcuts for VoiceOver (only on Mac OSX)

You can play to see how VoiceOver works. Here are some important shortcuts, like the Next heading that shows how important it is to have good headings.

VoiceOver ON/OFF: Command + F5 (Mac: ⌘ + Fn + F5)

Start reading: VO (⌘ + ⌥) + A

Stop reading: CTRL

Open rotor: VO (⌘ + ⌥) + U

Next heading: ⌘ + VO + H

Next link: ⌘ + VO + L

Next graphic: ⌘ + VO + G

Screen readers and voice tools

JAWS Screen Reader - Best in Class

NV Access | Download

Vision Accessibility - Mac - Apple (CA)

Dragon NaturallySpeaking - world’s best-selling speech recognition software | Nuance

Resources

Button Contrast Checker | Aditus | Free tool

Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools List

WAVE Web Accessibility Tool

Accessibility testing tools – Updated May 2019 | TPG – The Accessibility Experts

9 Tools for Website Accessibility Testing

Top 25 Awesome Accessibility Testing Tools for Websites

Keyboard Navigation

Some people can’t use a mouse to navigate on webpages. It’s important to test your pages using only the keyboard (some people only use a switch button to navigate and do tasks on a device).

Keyboard Tabbing Order

If you tab to go throw all links in the article page, you will see that the aside comes after the link inside the content. That is not ideal but we will not change it in our example.

Resources

WebAIM: Keyboard Accessibility

Designing for Keyboard Accessibility | Accessible Technology

outline - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets | MDN

I Threw Away my Mouse - 24 Accessibility

Tab order | UX design | Accessibility for Teams

Skip Links

Links that facilitate navigation when the user is using the keyboard. It allows the user to go directly to the most important sections of the page.

2.4.1 Bypass Blocks: A mechanism is available to bypass blocks of content that are repeated on multiple Web pages. – WCAG 2.1

Resources

WebAIM: “Skip Navigation” Links

How-to: Use skip navigation links - The A11Y Project

Your skip links are broken - Axess Lab

A11Y Style Guide - Skip Links

[adasitecompliance]

DOJ Title II Rule

The Ultimate Guide to the DOJ Title II Rule: Making Government Digital Services Accessible

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been a cornerstone in transforming public life for individuals with disabilities by ensuring equal access to physical spaces, services, and opportunities. However, as our society increasingly moves online, the digital landscape presents a new frontier of challenges. This article will guide the DOJ Title II rule for making Government digital services accessible for individuals with disabilities.

Despite the ADA’s groundbreaking impact, many government websites and mobile apps remain inaccessible. It creates barriers to essential information and services for people with disabilities. It limits access and undermines ADA principles of equality and inclusivity.

The solution lies in web accessibility to foster a more inclusive society where everyone, irrespective of their abilities, can independently and equally access important information and services. It includes activities like applying for permits and engaging in community programs.

The Department of Justice (DOJ) has played an integral role in enforcing ADA compliance for state and local government entities. Read on to learn more about this, and the new regulations to enhance web accessibility.

Maintaining web compliance can be complex, but it is necessary for compliance and to create an inclusive digital environment. We at ADA Site Compliance can make web accessibility easier for you.

We ensure your websites and mobile apps meet all legal requirements efficiently, bridge the accessibility gap, and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity.

Accessibility Standards – What You Need To Know

The DOJ Title II Rule clearly defines accessible web content and mobile apps.

The regulation adopts Website Compliance Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 Level AA to ensure digital content is perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust for users with disabilities.

These guidelines list the requirements for web compliance that include using alt text descriptions for images, providing keyboard accessibility for navigation, and using clear language to enhance comprehension.

The state and local governments create truly inclusive digital platforms through the WCAG like:

• Alternative text descriptions that allow screen readers to understand visual content

• Keyboard accessibility for individuals with motor disabilities to navigate websites without a mouse.

• Clear and straightforward language that makes information easier and more accessible to users with cognitive disabilities.

Affected Parties

The new DOJ rule majorly impacts United States state and local government entities. According to the Department, about 109,893 state and local government websites and 8,805 mobile applications face the impact.

91,489 state and local government bodies manage these digital platforms that must review and upgrade their online content and mobile apps to comply with WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards. This widespread impact ensures uniform digital accessibility across various governmental levels.

The Implementation Process

In addition to setting accessibility standards, the DOJ Title II Rule also outlines its implementation process. First and foremost, users with disabilities can legally file complaints with the DOJ’s Civil Rights Division if they encounter inaccessible web content or mobile apps.

The rule itself does not specify penalties.

The DOJ investigates these complaints and accordingly pursues injunctive relief for compliance. So non-compliant public entities may be legally required to make their digital platforms accessible.

The DOJ also provides the following support to help state and local governments implement new regulations for a smooth transition into compliant digital platforms:

• Technical assistance

• Online resources

• Training sessions

• Webinars to help entities understand and meet accessibility requirements.

Key Provisions of the New Rule

Adhering to the WCAG significantly enhances the accessibility of state and local government websites and mobile applications. This step to ensure all users have equal access to essential information and services fosters inclusivity and equity in the digital realm.

All state and local government entities can’t achieve web compliance overnight. Knowing this, the DOJ has established specific deadlines for compliance varying depending on the size of the public entity. They are:

• Entities with Fewer than 50,000 People / Special District Governments: These smaller entities have till three years of publishing the final rule to reach compliance. Their extended timeline provides them enough time to implement the required accessibility changes without much pressure, considering their limited resources and capabilities.

• Entities with 50,000 or More People: Larger entities typically have till two years of publishing the final rule to reach compliance. They have a year shorter to meet compliance as their increased operational capacity lets them quickly adapt their web content and mobile apps.

With these staggered deadlines, the DOJ provides a phased and manageable for public entities of all sizes to approach compliance with a smoother transition and better allocation of resources.

Specific Exceptions from Compliance

As entities begin to navigate this process, understanding the specific exceptions from compliance becomes crucial. Yes, it is after recognizing the potential challenges in some cases, that the DOJ has outlined five exemptions where compliance is not mandatory:

1. Archived Web Content

Websites containing archived materials like old meeting minutes or historical documents are often no longer actively used. So they are exempt from the compliance requirement unless someone with a disability makes a request.

2. Preexisting Conventional Electronic Documents

Any old documents created and stored for reference on a website are exempt from compliance. However, old documents presently used for application, gaining access to, and participation in any public entity’s service, program, or activity must meet accessibility requirements.

3. Third-Party Content

Any content posted by third parties is exempt from the compliance requirements unless posted on behalf of the public entity as per contractual, licensing, or other arrangements. This exemption is because public entities have no control over content generated on their platform by independent third parties.

4. Password-Protected Conventional Electronic Documents

Password-protected or secured documents, related to a specific individual, their property, or their account, are exempt from compliance. It is to protect sensitive personal information and the challenges in making such content accessible.

5. Preexisting Social Media Posts

Social media posts made before the new rule implementation are exempt from compliance. The exemption is because of the transient nature of social media content and the impracticality of making all historical posts accessible.

Handling of Accessibility Requests

The DOJ mandates that, if necessary, people with disabilities have the right to request public entities to provide accessible versions of exempt content. So someone with low vision needing to access some archived documents can make a request. It ensures visitors with disabilities can access critical information or services they require, even for exempted content.

Estimated Costs for Digital Accessibility

With substantial costs associated with implementing the new rule, the DOJ has provided estimates to help entities assess their potential financial burden of compliance. The annual costs over a decade are estimated to be between $3.3 billion and $3.5 billion, at 3% and 7% discounted rates, respectively. These costs include:

Implementation Costs:

The first three years of implementation costs to ensure digital platforms are accessible to everyone may approximately cost $16.9 million (undiscounted). These costs include cost for:

• Updating websites and mobile applications to meet WCAG 2.1 standards

• Staff training

• The necessary tools and technologies

Ongoing Maintenance Costs:

In addition to the initial implementation period, the projected annual O&M costs for the next seven years, are $2.0 billion. These ongoing expenses cover the costs to ensure digital content remains accessible and compliant with WCAG 2.1 and include:

• Regular audits

• Updates to website and mobile app content

• Continuous training for staff to maintain accessibility standards.

The state and local government entities can better prepare and allocate their budgets now that they know the associated compliance costs. This proactive approach facilitates a smoother implementation and helps manage long-term costs to maintain compliance.

Repercussions of Non-Compliance

Digital accessibility is mandatory to ensure everyone can access digital content and mobile apps. It lets all internet users have no difficulties accessing essential information and services.

With it playing such an important role, non-compliance comes with its repercussions. Web developers and website owners who do not ensure their digital content is compliant face the following consequences:

1. Legal Consequences

Public entities may face lawsuits from individuals or advocacy groups, making them meet accessibility standards. Non-compliance with the new DOJ rule can lead to significant legal ramifications resulting in:

• Substantial fines

• Legal fees

• Exorbitant lawsuits

• Other associated costs

These legal actions can leave a considerable financial burden on public institutions.

2. Financial Impact

These legal penalties are not the only financial repercussions public entities face for non-compliance. The financial impact that makes non-compliance financially unviable includes:

• Higher costs due to rushed remediation efforts

• Expensive emergency spending to address accessibility issues under pressure

• The cost of regaining lost public trust and reputation can be substantial

3. Reputation and Trust

Non-compliance can lead to public outcry and a loss of trust, thus severely damaging an entity’s reputation, especially among individuals with disabilities and advocacy groups. The loss of trust can have long-lasting effects, especially amongst people with disabilities and advocacy groups, as they lose confidence in the entity’s commitment to inclusivity and equal access.

Besides, a damaged reputation can also impact the entity’s ability to serve its community.

4. Operational Challenges

Legal battles and the need for urgent compliance measures can disrupt the public entity’s operations. The diversion of resources and attention from other critical projects to address the accessibility issues can lead to operational inefficiencies and reduce the overall effectiveness of the entity’s services.

In short

The DOJ Title II Rule ensures digital accessibility and equality for individuals with disabilities. The clear standards and enforcement mechanisms set a national precedent for digital inclusion.

However, the field of digital accessibility continually evolves as technology advances. The DOJ has to constantly update the guidelines and requirements per the latest practices and innovations.

To stay compliant and foster an inclusive digital environment, state and local governments, web developers, and designers must remain informed about these changes.

Regular reviews and updates for digital content and platforms according to the latest accessibility standards ensure everyone has equal access to their content. This dedication to accessibility contributes to creating a more inclusive society where everyone can participate fully in public life.

Maintaining web compliance can be a complex task, but it is necessary for compliance and to create an inclusive digital environment. ADA Site Compliance makes web accessibility easier for you.

We ensure your websites and mobile apps meet all legal requirements efficiently, bridge the accessibility gap, and demonstrate your commitment to inclusivity!

[adasitecompliance]

ADA Standards For Accessible Design

ADA Site Compliance specializes in implementing ADA standards for accessible design on your digital platforms!

[adasitecompliance]

Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

Latest Regulation And Finale Rule On Web Content And Mobile App Accessibility For State And Local Governments

In a significant advancement for digital inclusivity, Attorney General Merrick B. Garland has enacted a critical update under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This new regulation compels state and local governments to ensure their websites and mobile app accessibility for individuals with disabilities.

Considering the integral role of digital platforms in providing access to services such as emergency responses, healthcare, voting, and public transit, the lack of accessibility could significantly prevent disabled individuals from accessing necessary services.

This rule clarifies governmental bodies’ responsibilities and highlights the imperative for businesses to adjust, even amidst evolving compliance landscapes.

ADA Site Compliance works to help companies comply with regulatory mandates. With a dedicated team that monitors regulation updates, we ensure businesses confidently maintain websites that meet current accessibility standards.

Statements from Justice Department Officials

Attorney General Merrick B. Garland: Emphasized the rule’s role in fulfilling ADA’s promise for equal participation. He stated that by establishing definitive digital accessibility standards for state and local governments, they support the ADA’s mission of ensuring full and equal participation for people with disabilities. He also commended the diligent efforts of the Civil Rights Division in implementing this rule.

Acting Associate Attorney General Benjamin C. Mizer highlighted the commitment to making digital platforms usable for everyone to participate fully in society.

Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke described the rule as groundbreaking, noting that it removes barriers that have historically excluded Americans with disabilities, and ensures equal access to essential online government services like voting and public benefits.

Importance of Web and Mobile App Accessibility

As state and local governments increasingly digitize their services, the accessibility of their web and mobile platforms becomes crucial. Inaccessible websites and applications can exclude individuals with disabilities from accessing vital services.

For example, visually impaired individuals often need screen readers to navigate websites and applications. Governmental sites posting crucial public information in images without alternative text (“alt text”), is inaccessible to blind users.

Such digital barriers can prevent disabled persons from performing essential activities such as securing mail-in ballots, obtaining tax information, or engaging in community events.

The latest regulation aims to guarantee individuals with disabilities have full access to state and local government online services, programs, and activities. This rule also clarifies steps governments take to adhere to ADA standards, ensuring inclusivity and equal access for every community member.

Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Title II of the ADA mandates that all services, programs, and activities provided by state and local governments are accessible to individuals with disabilities.

This extensive requirement encompasses everything from adoption services to zoning regulations and includes both online services and mobile applications managed by state and local authorities.

The rule ensures that individuals with disabilities can fully access and benefit from public services, promoting a more inclusive society with an improved quality of life for disabled individuals nationwide.

This includes:

Making public transportation details accessible to visually impaired users, Enabling the deaf or hard of hearing to participate in online educational courses,

Aiding those with manual dexterity issues in navigating web-based services.

Overview of State and Local Government Functions:

State and local governments are essential providers of numerous public services, including:

Offices administering social benefits like food assistance

Educational facilities

Law enforcement agencies at state and municipal levels.

Judicial systems of local and state courts.

Offices overseeing state and local electoral processes.

Public medical facilities

Community resources like parks, recreational facilities, and public transportation systems.

Accessibility standards under Title II apply to all entities within state and local governments, including their various departments, agencies, special purpose districts, Amtrak, and commuter authorities.

Furthermore, state and local governments contracting with third-party organizations, like non-profits managing drug treatment programs, must ensure these entities adhere to Title II’s accessibility standards.

What Constitutes a Rule or Regulation?

Rules or regulations are formal directives issued by a government agency, from laws enacted by Congress. Following the enactment of the ADA, the Department was authorized to develop regulations to articulate the responsibilities outlined in Title II and Title III of the ADA. Typically, these regulations consist of the regulatory text and an appendix.

The Process of Developing a Rule

The Department formulated this rule through a method known as “notice and comment rulemaking.” The process starts with declaring a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), serving the regulation’s initial draft and proposed requirements, and inviting public feedback.

The Department modified the proposed rule based on the NPRM feedback. Detailed descriptions of the public feedback and rule adjustments are in the rule’s appendix.

What are technical standards?

Technical standards are detailed criteria defining accessibility requirements. For instance, the ADA Standards for Accessible Design include specifications like minimum width for doorways to ensure physical accessibility in buildings and ADA-compliant websites.

Requirement for State and local government websites

This regulation covers all web content handled by state or local governments and must conform to WCAG 2.1, Level AA, including content administered by external contractors.

Example: If a county’s website displays a list of local parks and operating hours, it must adhere to WCAG 2.1, Level AA for accessibility, even if a third-party service provider developed and updated the site.

Web content includes text, images, audio, videos, and documents on the internet.

Requirement for State and Local Government Mobile Apps:

Mobile apps used by state and local governments must conform to WCAG 2.1, Level AA standards. It includes all mobile apps provided or accessible by state or local governments, and external parties.

Mobile apps are software applications specifically designed for use on smartphones and tablets. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium, WCAG standards make web content universally accessible.

Example: Consider a mobile app developed by a city facilitating public parking payments. The app must comply with the WCAG 2.1, Level AA accessibility standards, no matter if the city or a private company manages it.

Going Beyond Standard Compliance with WCAG 2.1, Level AA

State and local governments have the leeway to adopt web content and mobile apps extending beyond the minimum requirements of WCAG 2.1, Level AA.

This provision for “equivalent facilitation” allows using alternative designs, methods, or technologies, if they offer accessibility and usability equal to or greater than mentioned by the standard.

This flexibility is intended to accommodate the adoption of future, potentially more stringent standards while ensuring continued accessibility for individuals with disabilities.

Example: For instance, a state parks department might implement WCAG Version 3.0 for its new mobile app for booking campsite reservations, if it offers better or equivalent accessibility compared to WCAG 2.1, Level AA.

Specific Exceptions to the Rule Explained

There are various situations where there are exceptions to digital content conforming with the rule. They include:

Archived Web Content:

This applies to outdated or unused content stored in archives, such as old reports or documents, that remain unchanged since archiving. However city council minutes and documents created after the compliance deadline must adhere to accessibility standards.

Even PDFs with up-to-date data on county park maps must conform, regardless of archival status.

Pre-existing Conventional Electronic Documents:

This applies to documents like PDFs or Word files on government digital platforms created before the compliance date and not updated or essential for current use.

However, documents posted or updated after the established compliance deadline do not qualify for exemptions. Active-use documents for accessing government services, irrespective of publication date do not qualify either.

Third-Party Content:

Content posted by third parties without a contractual or official arrangement with the government, which the government cannot modify is exempt. However, content directly posted or managed by the government like calendars developed by external companies, updates made by a government vendor, and message boards must meet WCAG 2.1, Level AA standards.

Individualized Documents:

Applies to personal documents like water bills and documents about specific individuals or accounts available in a secure, password-protected format. They can be challenging for immediate accessibility, especially for recipients without specific disability requirements.

Preexisting Social Media Posts:

This includes all social media posts made before the compliance date. However, if a visually impaired person requests information about a social media image from 2023, the government must provide an accessible description for effective communication.

Conclusion

The new regulation marks a significant step forward in ensuring that all individuals, regardless of disability, have equal access to digital resources provided by state and local governments.

This move aligns with the ADA’s long-standing commitment to inclusivity and modernizes public services to be more accessible, enhancing civic engagement and participation across the community.

ADA Site Compliance works to help companies comply with regulatory mandates. With a dedicated team that monitors regulation updates, we ensure businesses confidently maintain websites that meet current accessibility standards. Get your FREE ACCESSIBILITY SCAN here!

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WCAG 2.2 Checklist

The official release of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 version has been postponed from 2020 and is expected to roll out during the summer of 2021. However, there is a WCAG 2.2 draft that is available and outlines most of the upcoming changes. This gives some time for preparation to developers and managers who want to make web pages more accessible based on the 2.0 and 2.1 updates. In the new WCAG 2.2 checklist, the success criterion has changed and there are more updates than in the two previous versions. Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA remain unchanged as they did in the previous WCAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1 versions.

For those of you who don’t know, the success criteria are checkpoints that you need to fulfill so that your web pages are accessible to people with disabilities. Below, we are expanding on the changes in detail.

The New Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.2), Success Criterion & Changes

WCAG covers web accessibility of all content and is not specific to any technology or industry. As the W3C pointed out, the update provides additional support for all users with cognitive and learning disabilities, people with low vision, and those with disabilities on mobile devices.

WCAG 2.2 Checklist – Success Criteria

There are eight new success criteria that are expected to be rolled out with WCAG 2.2. They include the following:

2.4.11: Focus Appearance (Minimum) The W3C recommendation is that the appearance factors are essential for all and critical in academic and learning environments. The focus indicator should always stand out from the background. The benefit is obvious – a cleaner user interfaces for people who use screen readers and content displayed based on page numbers of the print or default version of the publication.

2.4.13: Fixed Reference Points Next in the list of WCAG 2.2 success criteria are the fixed reference points. All of your electronic publications should have proper page numbers, whether they are the ones matching any corresponding version or the printed version, if available.

2.5.7: Dragging All functionalities that include dragging movements, such as sliders and drag-and-drop interfaces, limit certain people in dragging motions precisely. Using a keyboard should feel more natural to these users. Under the new WCAG 2.2 guidelines, users should accurately maintain contact through an alternative method that should be provided. It is possible to create an interface that works with dragging and keyboard controls that do not work with clicks or taps only.

2.5.8: Pointer Target Spacing Next in the list is pointer target spacing, where the requirements say that all targets smaller than 44×44 pixels should be included in an area with a width and height of at least 44 pixels each. Providing spacing between the targets will reduce the likelihood of accidental activation of wrong controls. There are three exceptions under which the rule is not mandatory – if there is a mechanism to change sizes or spacing to meet the minimum (as a button), if the target is inline within a sentence, or if the spacing essential to the information conveyed does not need to be a minimum target size.

3.2.6: Findable Help If a “Help” option is available on the website near the text and images, it should be available consistently. The location of the feature should also be relatively similar so that people can find it. This is one of the new success criteria.

3.2.7: Hidden Controls Important controls such as Edit buttons should remain visible when the control is relevant. They should not be hidden or disappear when there is a user hovering or focusing.

3.3.7: Accessible Authentication Web admins need to be offered an alternative way to log in if there is a cognitive test on the website (such as memorizing a username and password). The alternative should not require a cognitive test and should allow copying and pasting.

3.3.8: Redundant Entry Under the new success criteria for web accessibility, any information that you previously entered when filling out a form should be available through auto-fill or selections. Confirming passwords and abandoned forms are the only exceptions when the forms can remain empty on every new try.

WCAG 2.2 Conformance Levels (Level A, AA, and AAA)

WCAG Checklist Level A (Beginner)

The first conformance level of web accessibility is the Beginner one or Level A. It demands web admins to:

Provide text alternatives for non-text content

Provide captions for videos with audio

Provide audio description or text transcript for videos with sound

Present content in a meaningful order

Do not play audio automatically when some component receives focus, or automatically

Enable keyboard accessibility with no specific timings

Navigate to all and from all content using the keyboard

Provide user controls for pausing and stopping, hiding any moving or auto-updating content

Instructions should not rely upon the shape, size, or visual location (ex. “click on the square icon to continue) as they limit the sensory characteristics of users

Assign a language to each page

Using helpful and clear pages

Non-text content or images, form image buttons, and image map hotspots should have empty alternative text or implement as CSS pixels backgrounds

Every link’s purpose should be determined from the link, the same goes for buttons (and all interface components)

Elements do not change when they receive focus or input

Input errors are clearly identified

No content should be automatically moving, blinking, or going away – users should be able to pause, stop, and hide these elements

No major code errors, clear instructions, and elements built for accessibility

If a keyboard shortcut uses printable character keys, users must be able to change them to a non-printable key

Note: Just like the 2.1 standards, 2.2 maintains the rule that every form input should have an associated text label, and every item should have appropriate and equivalent alternative text, as per the previous conformance levels.

WCAG Checklist Level AA (Intermediate)

Level AA is where things get a bit more complex. All of the Level A updates apply to this version, but there are new features as well. The summary of the changes for Level AA under the new version of WCAG (2) is as follows:

Sign language translations for pre-recorded videos

Extended audio descriptions for pre-recorded videos

Alternatives for live audio and text alternatives for pre-recorded videos

Programmatically determinable purpose of all web page components

Color contrast ratio of at least 4:5:1 between text and background

Audio-only content should be clear without or with minimal background noise

If there is an input error, the new content can be dismissed via the Esc key without moving the pointer or keyboard focus

If multipoint or path-based gestures (pinching, swiping, or dragging) are not essential to the functionality, it can also be performed with a single-point activation

No use of images of text

Keyboard focus across all pages (every functionality should be controlled with the keyboard)

No time limit on the web pages

No page content flashes more than three times per second (unless it is significantly small and the flashes are low contrast)

Warnings about timeouts that cause data loss

All strange words and abbreviations should be explained

Content should be organized with headings and labels

All words that are hard to pronounce should be explained

Detailed help and instructions should be present

The risk of input errors should be reduced

WCAG Checklist Level AAA (Advanced)

Under the conformance Level AAA of Accessibility WCAG 2.2 which is also the Advanced level, it is required to do everything as in Level AA plus the following:

All web page elements of text have a contrast

Contrast ratio of at least 7:1 between text and background

Link text alone to clarify the purpose of the link

You should provide an alternative for pre-recorded videos and alternatives for live audio

Saving the user data when re-authenticating something

Letting users know where they are on the website

Organizing content with headings

Blocks of text over one sentence should not be more than 80 characters wide and should have adequate spacing

Not changing elements of the website until users ask

As you can see, the Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA success criteria apply all of the standards present within WCAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1. However, they also raise the bar higher for web accessibility.

Note: As per WCAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1, no content or functionality should occur and horizontal scrolling should be avoided when content is presented at a width of 320 pixels. Exempted from this rule are toolbars, maps, charts, and tables.

How Will These Changes Benefit The User?

People with impairments can get rid of the difficulties they have when targeting or operating small controls. From users with mobility impairments to people who are exposed to shaking in certain environments, the new standards are designed to help everyone, including normal people who can find it easy to access a device using one hand, or people with larger fingers who have trouble operating their devices.

All of the items above are deemed essential in the new version of WCAG 2.2. From headings and labels to adding the purpose of each link, these standards are changing and taking many new forms.

The WCAG Working Group, however, also supports using different techniques as long as you play by the rules. More information can be found in the Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria document, particularly the “Other Techniques” section.

All in all, the brand new WCAG 2.2 draft takes changes based on WCAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1. It transforms them to become part of the new standards for accessibility (WCAG) and makes it easier for users to access the content.

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