#United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)

[peacekeepersday]

On Peacekeepers’ Day, UNIFIL pays tribute to peacekeepers’ sacrifices and urges steps towards a diplomatic solution.

UNIFIL today marked the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers, an annual event to honour the commitment and sacrifice of women and men serving for peace around the world. 

On this day, UNIFIL normally hosts a gathering of peacekeepers; national, local, and religious officials; and members of the Lebanese Armed Forces and other security agencies at our Naqoura headquarters. The mission did not hold an event today due to the security situation and the ongoing exchanges of fire in the south. 

“UNIFIL peacekeepers from 49 countries are on the ground in our area of operations, focused on preventing escalation of the fighting and avoiding an all-out war,” said Head of Mission and Force Commander Lieutenant General Aroldo Lázaro. “I am proud of the men and women who continue to carry out their mandated tasks in such difficult conditions, amidst ongoing exchanges of fire.” 

Peacekeepers continue to perform their duties to help implement UN Security Council Resolution 1701. At the same time, they are also supporting communities and residents, ensuring humanitarian access to those most affected, providing shelter when civilians are caught in the crossfire and assisting communities in the South with medical, dental, veterinary, and educational assistance, and ensuring humanitarian access to the most affected.  

“The death and destruction we have seen on both sides of the Blue Line is heartbreaking,” said Lieutenant General Lázaro. “Too many lives have been lost and disrupted. Thousands of people remain displaced and have lost their homes and their livelihoods. As peacekeepers, we recommit each day to our work to restore stability. We urge all parties and all actors to cease their fire, recommit to Resolution 1701, and begin the work towards a diplomatic solution, which is the only way to bring a return of stability and resolve this situation.” 

Peacekeepers’ Day is a day to remember the sacrifices of the men and women serving for peace, UNIFIL’s Head of Mission and Force Commander noted. 

“As we mourn those who have fallen for the cause of peace – including Malaysian Sergeant Faridah Abd Rahman, who passed away just a few days ago – we are grateful for their contributions, which will not be forgotten,” said the UNIFIL head. 

Almost 4,400 UN peacekeepers have lost their lives in missions around the world since 1948. Over 330 of these men and women served with UNIFIL. 

In 2002, 29 May was designated as the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers to honor the professionalism, dedication, and courage of the military and civilian peacekeepers serving in UN peacekeeping operations, and to remember those who lost their lives for the cause of peace. The date was chosen to commemorate the establishment of the first peacekeeping mission, the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), which has more than 50 observers currently working with UNIFIL in south Lebanon.

Listen to "Salam from the south - Peacekeepers Day Amidst Adversity"

[magxit]

Nicola's father was a member of the UN and also in UNTSO(United Nations Truce Supervision Organization), which worked towards peace in the middle east.

Yes and the Irish have a long history of fighting against colonialism.

[thxnews]

Safeguarding the World: Celebrating 75-Year Legacy of UN Peacekeepers

  Secretary-General António Guterres said in his message for the Day: “United Nations peacekeepers are the beating heart of our commitment to a more peaceful world.”   He called for continued support for these men and women, who help countries to transition from war to peace.  

Hope and help

“They are also critical to the protection of civilians caught up in the chaos of these deadly conflicts, providing a lifeline of hope and help in some of the most dangerous contexts imaginable," he added. Mr. Guterres noted that many have paid the ultimate price as more than 4,200 peacekeepers have lost their lives serving under the UN flag. “We stand in sympathy and solidarity with their families, friends and colleagues, and will forever be inspired by their selfless devotion to the cause of peace,” he said.  

Support and recognition

Today, more than 87,000 peacekeepers from 125 countries serve in 12 UN operations located in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. They face rising global tensions and divides, stagnating peace processes, and more complex conflicts, the Secretary-General said. “Despite these obstacles, and working with a wide range of partners, peacekeepers persevere,” he added “To people living under the shadow of conflict, our teams of Blue Helmets represent hope.  As peacekeepers support humanity, let us always support and recognize them.”  

International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers, 2012. Photo by Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Flickr.  

‘Peace begins with me’

The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers has been commemorated annually on 29 May, in line with a UN General Assembly resolution adopted in 2002. The date marks the start of the first UN peacekeeping mission, the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), in Palestine in 1948. The theme of the 75th anniversary of UN Peacekeeping is ‘Peace begins with me’, which recognizes the service and sacrifice of blue helmets, past and present. It also pays tribute to the resilience of the communities they serve, who continue to strive for peace despite many obstacles. The annual ceremony marking the Day was held on Thursday at UN Headquarters in New York, where the Secretary-General noted that peacekeepers “are increasingly working in places where there is no peace to keep.” The following day, the city played host to an interactive art installation in Times Square celebrating peacekeepers and all those who work together to build and maintain peace across the world, including community members and local influencers in places where UN missions operate. --End of UN Article--  

Blinken press statement. Photo by US Dept. of State.  

Response by the US Government

Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of State This May 29th, on the 75th anniversary of UN peacekeeping, the United States reaffirms its enduring commitment to UN peacekeepers and recognizes their indispensable role in addressing shared threats to international peace and security. Today we honor the more than 4,200 military, police, and civilians who have given their lives for the cause of peace, reconciliation, and recovery. And we salute the bravery, service, and sacrifice of the more than one million men and women from 125 countries who have served – or are now serving – in UN peacekeeping missions around the world. Since the first mission in 1948, UN peacekeeping has proven to be remarkably important to advancing the cause for peace. Its core objective is what we strive to deliver: To help countries move from conflict to sustainable peace. The United States is the largest financial contributor to UN peacekeeping over the last 75 years. We also provide training and equipment to help partners develop key enabling capabilities and invest heavily in long-term bilateral capacity-building partnerships essential to mission success through efforts such as the Global Peace Operations Initiative. The United States invests in peacekeeping because it works. Data from the last seven decades show that peacekeeping reduces violence, contains civil wars, brings leaders to the table, and increases the odds of lasting peace. Peacekeeping is a shared responsibility that benefits all nations and peoples, and the United States will continue to be its leading proponent.   Sources: THX News, US Dept. of State & United Nations.   Read the full article

[yup-ng]

UN says it is ‘deeply disturbed’ by video of couple having sex in its official vehicle (video)

The United Nations has reacted to a video of a couple having sex in one of its official cars in Israel.  In the viral video which was shot in HaYarkon Street, a major thoroughfare in Tel Aviv, a woman wearing a red dress was seen straddling a man in the back seat of a white SUV with UN markings. The video featured a 4×4 vehicle which is “likely assigned to the UN Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO)”. The people caught on camera are believed to be staff members of a peacekeeping organization in Israel.  WATCH VIDEO: https://youtu.be/20Te_KX45Xc Stéphane Dujarric, the spokesman for the UN’s Secretary-General said they are “shocked and deeply disturbed” by the scandalous viral video. He described the behavior as “abhorrent” and further disclosed that an investigation into the matter was “moving very quickly.” Dujarric said; “We are shocked and deeply disturbed by what is seen on the video.“The behaviour seen in it is abhorrent and goes against everything that we stand for and have been working to achieve in terms of fighting misconduct by UN staff.“We became aware of the video a little bit more than two days ago and our colleagues in the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) were immediately activated.“Their investigation I know is moving very quickly. We know the location of the incident and the identification of individuals in the video, who are likely assigned to the UNTSO, is close to being completed.“As Read the full article

[unpeacekeeping]

Maj. Gen. Lund of Norway new Chief of UN Truce Supervision Organization

Secretary-General António Guterres last week appointed Maj. Gen. Kristin Lund of Norway as the Head of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO).

Maj. Gen. Lund has had a distinguished military career: she was the Norwegian Army’s first female officer to be promoted to the rank of Major General in 2009. Maj. Gen. Lund served as Force Commander of the UN Mission in Cyprus (UNFICYP) from 2014-2016, becoming the first woman to serve as Force Commander in a UN peace operation. In the past, she has also served with the UN Mission in Lebanon (UNIFIL-PIO) in 1986, and with the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR) both in 1992 and 1994.

Maj. Gen. Lund succeeds Maj. Gen. Arthur David Gawn of New Zealand, who will complete his assignment this month.

We are grateful to Maj. Gen. Gawn for his dedicated leadership, and we wish good luck to Maj. Gen. Lund for her upcoming service.

Full statement: bit.ly/2z3ty6F

[peacekeepersday]

Almost 4,400 UN peacekeepers have lost their lives in missions around the world since 1948.

In 2002, 29 May was designated as the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers to honor the professionalism, dedication, and courage of the military and civilian peacekeepers serving in UN peacekeeping operations, and to remember those who lost their lives for the cause of peace. The date was chosen to commemorate the establishment of the first peacekeeping mission, the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), which has more than 50 observers.

[iasnetwork-blog]

UN Peacekeeping UPSC IAS

UN Peacekeeping UPSC IAS

UN Peacekeeping UPSC IAS

  United Nations Peacekeeping was created in 1948. Its first mission involved the establishment of the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), which served to observe and maintain ceasefire during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles:

Consent of the parties.

Impartiality

Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of…

[christineamccalla]

Yazziz Al-Shayeb, Lord Chief Justice; Man At Nations, At Large - NATO; Vizier; Lord Chamberlain; Or, Application Of The Ali Baba Defense As  A Holocaustal Litigiously Offensive Strategy, by McCalla, Christine Ann, MBA, MS, CBME, CAHR, CBDE, CTW, CPA

The potential lies at the heart of the man, historically or so it said. For the religious dispensation that is Christianity, it bears more than a metaphor or euphemism. Cain and Abel; Esau and Jacob; and, King Saul and the boy of the pastures, David later to become King. Religion while being of a violent disposition often posits to reality, and the current one of a Middle East’s tragedy of deception; instability; murder; and, kingmaker’s psychosis, bearing a striking resemblance to Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince, and his varying and many-dimensionaled character attributes.

While married to the Monarch and not born as one, Yazziz Al-Shayeb and all variations thereof understands and shares many attributes with Wikipedia’s Niccolò Machiavelli, Il Principe

(The Prince); diplomat and political theorist being Chief Justice, Lord Chamberlain, entrepreneur and other attributes. In these attributes Al-Shayeb has demonstrated his knowledge of Machiavelli’s methodology in keeping the faith, “You must know there are two ways of contesting,[*] the one by the law, the other by force; the first method is proper to men, the second to beasts; but because the first is frequently not sufficient, it is necessary to have re-course to the second. Therefore it is necessary for a prince to understand how to avail himself of the beast and the man.” Being Chief Justice, Al-Shayeb understands the recording of contests by law, and by character attributes contesting by force. A lesson Prince Mohammed bin Salman would do well to learn among allegations of his involvement in the high-level Saudi officials liable for the murder of journalist Jamal Khashogg, in Chris Harris & Reuters’ article, “Credible evidence for probe into Saudi prince over Khashoggi's murder, says UN report”, dated June 19, 2019. Prince Mohammed bin Salman who is unrelated to Yazziz Al-Shayeb’s wife, by familial presence, association or affiliation, and should have received her writ of separation to familial presence, relations, association, and affiliation.

Machiavelli also argued “All states, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have been and are either republics or principalities. Principalities are either hereditary, in which the family has been long established; or they are new.” In  Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s case and his lack of vetted monarchical ties, is a new principality according Euronews’ UN special rapporteur, Agnes Callamard. It is unclear bin Salman’s principality’s establishment, but given his association with Callamard, the UN funded by monarch Al-Shayeb’s wife would be a safe bet. Given the complexities of said socio-economic and political systems, one can only imagine the hostilities of Al-Shayeb’s personal and married life, given the undue advantages and influences the UN is capable of wielding, demonstrating again Machiavelli’s conference of principalities in which such dominions are thus acquired as either accustomed to living under a prince, or to live in freedom; and are acquired either by the arms of the prince himself, or of others, or else by fortune or by ability.

Al-Shayeb’s wife, monarch, has not issued an opinion on the rivalry of bin Salman or the Saudi Arabian government and officials, but assume her lot cannot be an easy one given she must finance her murders, murderers, holocausts, and demise with the risk of death by impoverishment and homelessness as her reward. To respond to Machiavelli’s conference, “... you cannot take strong  measures against them, feeling bound to them; ...may be very strong in armed forces, yet in entering a province one has always need of the goodwill of the natives.”, what is the UN’s analysis of risk management in said regard given its humanitarian and peacekeeping stature internationally? Furthermore and of a more political sensitive nature, is the perception of bin Salman’s principality’s establishment in Al-Shayeb’s competitive landscape; strategic frameworks including client acquisition and satisfaction, and supply chain management; his wife’s relationship by birth, association, and affiliation including her native country Jamaica; and, her pursuits, of life, liberty, health, welfare, internal revenues, and commerce, trade, and industry.

Given Al-Shayeb’s stature as jurist in which he understands the sophistication of protesting by law and by force, the peace must prevail as Machiavelli’s Dante argued: Knowledge doth come of learning well retained, Unfruitful else. To avoid rivalries, bin Salman must by now be aware of Machiavelli’s new principality and its theories and theorems, mainly being:

“But the difficulties occur in a new principality. And firstly, if it be not entirely new, but is, as it were, a member of a state which, taken collectively, may be called composite, the changes arise chiefly from an inherent difficulty which there is in all new principalities; for men change their rulers willingly, hoping to better themselves, and this hope induces  them  to  take  up  arms  against  him  who  rules:  wherein they  are  deceived,  because  they  afterwards  find  by  experience  they  have  gone  from  bad  to  worse.  This  follows  also on  another  natural  and  common  necessity,  which  always causes  a  new  prince  to  burden  those  who  have  submitted to him with his soldiery and with infinite other hardships which he must put upon his new acquisition”.

Given the UN’s conferral of stature with titles including, The Office Of The United Nations Special Coordinator For The Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO); and UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO): International Monetary Fund (IMF); United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO); World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); The World Bank; and, The United Nations Institute For Disarmament Research (UNIDIR); the UN can hardly afford to play Kingmaker, Princemaker, Nepotism, or Cronyism. As such a petition is necessary and issued as, writ of injunction and separation from contamination and contaminatory elements including the confusion of Machiavelli’s principalities and theorems and all their varieties, variants, and variations thereof, fabrication of varieties, variants, and variations thereof of the statute Title Of Nobility, applying all laws, statutes, et al, et al, regarding Suits Of A Person Injured and Right To Face The Accuser, set eternally, transferable and attached, et al.

On a separate and congratulatory note, congratulations to Al-Shayeb and his wife who has allegedly been recognized as Presidential Gubernatorial Entrant (USA) and Congresswoman, Maryland - Defunct, who are still waiting on official dispatches to retain compliance with the Convention of Judicial and Extrajudicial Service on Civil and Commercial Matters. For them this conference regarding Machiavelli’s advice on governings are applicable: there are three courses for those wishing to hold cities or principalities known for living under their own laws prior to annex: the  first  is  to  ruin  them,  the  next  is  to reside  there  in  person,  the  third  is  to  permit  them  to  live under  their  own  laws,  drawing  a  tribute,  and  establishing within  it  an  oligarchy  which  will  keep  it  friendly  to  you. Because  such  a  government,  being  created  by  the  prince, knows  that  it  cannot  stand  without  his  friendship  and  interest, and does it utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more  easily  by  the  means  of  its  own  citizens  than  in  any other way.

Al-Shayeb’s wife’s gubernatorial status came through substantial societal risks and increasing socio-economic and political unrest and violence the United States of America has been experiencing over the last decade, and defied taking the path well-traveled while exhibiting the highest  examples  both  of  prince  and  of  state;  because  men,  walking almost always in paths beaten by others, and following by imitation their deeds, are yet unable to keep entirely to the ways of others or attain to the power of those they imitate. Defying increasing odds, Al-Shayeb’s wife has retained right to life; right to expression; and, forcibly rendering the Preambles of We The Peoples as true and upheld in all aspects of her interactions. Congratulations to her and best wishes on her new endeavors! ‘Le radici e corrispondenze,’ It is for writing stead!

The comparison of bin Salman and Al-Shayeb though unreasonable has not yet concluded, and can be compared to Macchiaveli’s Francesco Sforza and Cesare Borgia. Francesco Sforza (who by  proper  means  and  with great  ability,  from  being  a  private  person  rose  to  be  Duke of Milan, and that which he had acquired with a thousand anxieties he kept with little trouble. UN could be considered proper means.), and Cesare Borgia (acquired his state during the ascendancy through familial presence [his father], (Macchiaveli).

The comparison continues with Macchiaveli’s Agathocles, the  Sicilian, who after infinite treacheries and cruelties, should live for long secure in his country, and defend himself from external  enemies, seeing  that  many  others,  by  means  of  cruelty, have never been able even in peaceful times to hold the state,  still  less  in  the  doubtful  times  of  war, shall bear to Al-Shayeb and all his stature, the designs and methodologies of Cain and Abel; Esau and Jacob; and, King Saul and King David the need for relief; victory; and a Kingmaker. Of the three (3) biblical epics, it was King David who accumulated the greatest victory with Wikipedia’s Prophet Samuel being King Maker by deception.

Prophet Samuel’s feat of defying King Saul, 1 Samuel 16:1-23 (www.bible.com), went to anoint a new king in Bethlehem in deception in the dynamic of making a holy sacrifice, and went to the man named Jesse who had seven (7) sons including David, would-be king. Once anointed with oil, the Spirit of the Lord left the existing king, Saul, and covered David instead. It took decades for David to be King and may triumphs and disappointments along with the territory including isolation, ostracisms, and famine, and described as permitted by the Right to Expression, Freedom of Religion, Association, Assembly, Press, and Petition, King David had a heart of God and followed his mandates. King David contested by both law and force, but never departed from his principalities as prince.

In I Samuel 24, David crept up to Saul in Saul’s indiscreet moment and cut off a piece of his robe, distanced himself, then shouted, O King Saul, I have cut your robe but have not taken your life. I have not bestirred rebellion nor treason against you. In this struggle of principalities, bin Salman’s claim of monarchy has not resulted in Al-Shayeb’s holocaust, treason, jeopardy to stature, nor espionage. For Al-Shayeb, this may be a case of reality or character attribute.

Machiavelli’s conference assessing Al-Shayeb’s dilemma continued in,

“A  principality  is  created  either  by  the  people  or  by  the nobles, accordingly as one or other of them has the opportunity;  for  the  nobles,  seeing  they  cannot  withstand  the people, begin to cry up the reputation of one of themselves, and they make him a prince, so that under his shadow they can  give  vent  to  their  ambitions.  The  people,  finding  they cannot resist the nobles, also cry up the reputation of one of themselves, and make him a prince so as to be defended by his authority. He who obtains sovereignty by the assistance of the nobles maintains himself with more difficulty than he who comes to it by the aid of the people, because the former finds  himself  with  many  around  him  who  consider  themselves his equals, and because of this he can neither rule nor manage them to his liking. But he who reaches sovereignty by popular favour finds himself alone, and has none around him, or few, who are not prepared to obey him.”

For the Kingmakers, principalities, princes, sovereignties, nobles, peoples, and ambitions themselves, it is helpful to be mindful that Al-Shayeb’s title of monarchial presence was acquired through TItle of Nobility, and to which he has added the Title of Peerage. This alone has preserved his inherent right to life, equalities, justice, and dignities. There are also the following complications in Al-Shayeb’s favor, Act of State doctrine, War Powers Clause, Marque and Reprisals, Letters of Marque and Reprisals, and We The Peoples Preambles. In the acquisition of equals, both to rule and manage, reputations matter. Whether in ambition, venting, or crying up, may Al-Shayeb be able to find peers whether as The Prince, Cesare Borgia, a dignity, or as himself, Yazziz Al-Shayeb and all varieties, variants, and variations thereof.

Another context of the principalities, one by the law, the other by force (Macchiaveli), is the Ali Baba Defense As  A Holocaustal Litigiously Offensive Strategy, which after all is Al-Shayeb’s existence given bin Salman’s monarchial states and powers, that have held and hold rule over men as either republics or principalities (Macchiaveli) with UN’s support (Harris) rendering Al-Shayeb’s personal dynamics as that of being holocaustal.

A recommendation of escape is the Ali Baba Defense strategy in which his opponent is converted to being an entity, that of the judicial administration and a failed infrastructure. Every applicable law is applied inclusive of the laws, properties, foundations, and fundamentals of statistics’ decision trees. bin Salman being a principality of vented ambitions and without resistance of the nobles, shall cry up the reputation of himself, and why making himself a prince requires being defended by his authority (Macchiaveli).

[ringlawfirm]

Syria vows to attack Israel unless it withdraws from the Golan Heights - Arab-Israeli Conflict - Jerusalem Post

Syria vows to attack Israel unless it withdraws from the Golan Heights – Arab-Israeli Conflict – Jerusalem Post

The Syrian warning was given to head of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization [UNTSO) General Kristin Lund.

Source: Syria vows to attack Israel unless it withdraws from the Golan Heights – Arab-Israeli Conflict – Jerusalem Post

[mytraceyblodget]

Syria vows to attack Israel unless it withdraws from the Golan Heights

The Syrian warning was given to head of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization [UNTSO) General Kristin Lund. Syria vows to attack Israel unless it withdraws from the Golan Heights published first on https://medium.com/@Sex777

[esprit-de-corps-magazine]

PEACEKEEPING: Is It Worth The Cost In The 21st Century For Canada?

(Volume 24-12)

By Colonel (ret'd) Pat Stogran

I read with interest a November 13 opinion piece entitled “Is peacekeeping worth the sacrifice?” contributed to the Globe and Mail by retired Lieutenant-General D. Michael Day, former commander of Canada’s Special Operations Forces. In it he draws attention to the so-called Weinberger Doctrine, six points that United States Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger articulated in a speech in 1984.

Our Nation spends an inordinate amount of money in the military to train senior management; an amount that I would contest is too much given the lap-dog role senior serving officers seem to play to their political masters.

While the Weinberger Doctrine is certainly relevant to the Government of Canada in the context of the judicious employment of our limited military assets, it lends nothing to the deliberation of how Canada might be able to reinvigorate its celebrated tradition of what has become known as “peacekeeping.” Canadians deserve better advice from senior managers in the Canadian Armed Forces, those serving and retired.

Canada’s commitment to the concept of peacekeeping was certainly worth the sacrifice in the day. I personally served in Bosnia at the peak of the war and vacationed there subsequently and can attest to the amazing turnaround that region has experienced. The hatred and anxieties still exist amongst the general population, but they are subdued for the most part, seemingly subordinated to a genuine commitment to peace and desire to re-establish normalcy in their lives. Sadly, the government officials whom I had also come to know during the conflict and have remained embedded in the administration and bureaucracy in Sarajevo, are still rabble-rousing and fear-mongering.

I never had the opportunity or pleasure of serving in Cyprus or visiting the island as a tourist — which I did in Afghanistan as well as in Bosnia — but I know enough about the situation today in that crisis area to say categorically that the outcome was worth the cost, even though it became an albatross-like drain of capability around the neck of the Canadian Forces for decades.

In his Manoeuver Warfare Handbook, William S. Lind, one of the founders of the bodies of knowledge known as fourth-generation warfare and manoeuver warfare (these were the topics in earlier columns), asserts that to be effective in contemporary operations military forces should not only be training their officer cadres in what to think, they must be educating them in how to think. Such a rallying cry resonated in the post-Somalia race to smooth the troubled waters of that debacle, which led to the implementation of an educated officer corps in the Canadian Armed Forces.

While a compelling argument can be made for the utility of an educated officer corps, I believe that the groupthink and flawed strategy that was demonstrated by the coalition operations in the Middle East, particularly the American approach to military intervention and emphasis on kinetic operations that our forces have embraced, challenges the legitimacy of the claimed efficacy of education on the modern battlefield.

Also, one would expect that the successful implementation of such an education initiative would have resulted in senior officers in the Canadian Armed Forces being able to offer deeper, more constructive suggestions as to how our government might be able to accomplish the intent implicit in their desire to return Canada to its Sunny Way of peacekeeping but with a concept of operations that is more apropos given the modern security environment.

So-called peacekeeping first entered the lexicon of military intervention thanks to the involvement of the United Nations in the Suez Crisis in 1956. An idea that is often attributed to Canadian diplomat and later flag-founding Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson, some historians suggest that the concept was actually the brainchild of Lieutenant-General Eedson Louis Millard “Tommy” Burns, CC, DSO, OBE, MC, C.D.

As the story goes, Burns, a celebrated Canadian hero of wartime command in the Second World War, approached Pearson with an idea of how Canada might be able to spearhead an initiative that might maintain a delicate general armistice in the Middle East until a permanent solution to the crisis could be achieved. He reasoned, apparently, that during his service in WWII he came to know many of the key commanders on all sides of the conflict personally, and was confident that Canada had the respect and credibility amongst the antagonists to act as a neutral third party. His personal involvement as chief of staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in Palestine (1954–56) was key to the success of the armistice, albeit limited because the crisis continues to this day and there have been several outbreaks of fighting in the region in the intervening years.

Witness the alternative today, the wanton destruction of infrastructure and human misery that is manifest in the wake of Western intervention in te Middle East.

What followed were several feverish decades of successively ground-breaking peacekeeping operations. Many of them ended up being dismal and sometimes tragic failures followed by a flurry of academic and philosophical gum-sucking and naval-gazing to describe exactly what this rapidly changing phenomenon known as peacekeeping was. Military professionals and pundits were confounded by the concept, the Secretary General to the United Nations at the time — Swedish diplomat, economist, and author Dag Hammarskjöld — declaring famously that “Peacekeeping is not a job for soldiers, but only soldiers can do it.” One of Canada’s most famous peacekeepers, Major-General Lewis MacKenzie, was dismissive of the peacekeeping role despite his career having been adorned with deployments on many such United Nations deployments, both as a member of armed contingents and as a military observer, describing it as a tedious yet necessary distraction from the military’s roll of training for and fighting wars.

In the face of this condescension and despite it, conflict morphed in lockstep with the evolutions of the industrial and digital ages. The collapse of the Cold War did not signal the end of conflict as many people prognosticated, rather, the eruption of animosity and violence that hitherto had been contained by the influence and coercion of the two superpowers of the United States of America and United Soviet Socialist Republic.

What the pundits and professionals failed to comprehend was that the rules of the game were changing. Whole-scale, unbridled, industrial-style warfare continued to have a place in contemporary conflict, but only in self-defence, and no longer were humanitarian concerns relegated to after the successful completion of military operations. Rules of engagement were introduced and strictly monitored at the highest levels to preserve the apparent neutrality of the intervening forces. The establishment of stability and the rule of law displaced the wholesale destruction of belligerent forces as the desired end-state, and the warring intent of defeating an adversary gave way to building the capacity of the host nation governments — in other words the warring parties — to re-establish normalcy.

Peacekeeping itself was a moving feast, ranging from unarmed observer missions to lightly armed monitoring forces and ultimately the combat forces that intervened in the Balkans. The entirely passive nature of early missions under Chapter Six of the UN Charter gave way to more coercive operations authorized under Chapter Seven, which included the establishment of safe areas and the robust use of force to protect non-combatants. This fuelled the rhetorical war that resulted in all sorts of peacekeeping terms being bandied about such as peacemaking, peace building, peace enforcement, peace support, and stability operations. These were all packaged nicely under the term Operations Other Than War, because the professional militaries were still ignoring reality and fixated on preparing for the Son of World War Two.

It is not to suggest that militaries were incorrect in their assertion that they had to be capable of escalating at a moment’s notice to large-scale high-intensity combat operations, but the business of conflict was clearly becoming much more sophisticated, multidisciplinary, and scrutinized affairs than ever before.

Senior management in the Canadian Armed Forces steadfastly refused to submit to an apparent attempt to dismantle the military, asserting that they would not allow the Forces to be turned into a “constabulary.” That steadfastness reassured the rank and file, but it ignored the fact that the notion of the “Three Block War” had emerged — conflict intervention operations that saw troops conducting humanitarian, stability and security, and high-intensity combat simultaneously in close proximity. Military operations were being called upon to be increasingly discriminatory and minimize collateral damage, and direct action accomplished this in ways that are more akin to raids by law enforcement agencies than attacks by conventional forces. Highly trained and agile special forces troops would become increasingly the “force of choice” for a variety of reasons, not the least of which are the precision, speed, and relative anonymity their employment enjoyed compared to their conventional counterparts.

In his op-ed Day has acknowledged the Trudeau government’s desire to return Canada to the Sunny Ways of peacekeeping and the prerogative that civil authority enjoys in employing the Canadian Armed Forces. However he, like his colleagues who are still in uniform, offers nothing to the debate that reflects his education and experience in the Canadian context the way that Burns did. Weinberger’s doctrine certainly throws down a gauntlet in urging elected officials to be pragmatic and responsible in assigning missions to military components, but in a way that absolves senior management in the military of the responsibility to actually contribute critical and creative thought to propose a visionary way to continue Canada’s commitment to peace and stability given the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous security environment we are facing today.

Next month, I intend to develop that theme a little more. As usual, I look forward to comments and constructive criticism from readers. Until next time …  

[israel-jewish-news]

Group: U.N. Building Illegally in Yerushalayim Neighborhood

New Post has been published on http://hamodia.com/2017/11/08/group-u-n-building-illegally-yerushalayim-neighborhood/

Group: U.N. Building Illegally in Yerushalayim Neighborhood

General view of the U.N. headquarters in the Armon Hanetziv neighborhood. (Orel Cohen/Flash90)

The Regavim organization, a watchdog group that seeks to prevent illegal Palestinian building in Israel, has asked a Yerushalayim court for an injunction against the United Nations over illegal construction that the world body is planning in the city. According to Regavim, the U.N. has issued a tender for the demolition and rebuilding of headquarters for the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), the body established in 1949 to ensure that armistice agreements between Israel and Arab countries are kept.

The project is set to take place in the Armon Hanetziv neighborhood of Yerushalayim – a part of the city as far as the government is concerned, but an area which was liberated in the 1967 Six Day War, which the U.N. regards as “occupied territory” that Israel has no sovereignty over. With that, in a recent meeting, U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres told Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu that the U.N. would coordinate with the Yerushalayim municipality regarding construction in Armon Hanatziv, where the organization has extensive holdings. According to Regavim, no such coordination has taken place, and as the world body is undertaking the project without a permit, the construction is illegal.

In its initial response, the state told the court that while it did not seek to shirk from its responsibility to ensure legal building procedures in all parts of Yerushalayim, it did not believe it could take action against the U.N. because the organization has “diplomatic immunity.” In addition, the state said, the August meeting between Netanyahu and Guterres established the ground rules for U.N. construction, and it trusted the U.N. to fulfill its agreement.

It was on that basis that the court refused to issue an injunction against the project, but in its response, Regavim said that the U.N. had moved from declaring its intention to go forward with the project to actual work – meaning that it had proceeded before completing the dialogue with the municipality that it promised to undertake. “In complete contradiction to the state’s declaration that it is working together with the U.N. on future construction, the organization continues to act as it wishes in a compound with historic importance and is building illegally, and with full knowledge that local authorities will do nothing to stop them,” Regavim said, reiterating its demand for an injunction against the project.

[competitiveguide]

International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers

2017 THEME : Investing in Peace Around the World The ‘International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers‘, May 29, is ‘a day to pay tribute to all the men and women who have served and continue to serve in United Nations peacekeeping operations for their high level of professionalism, dedication, and courage and to honor the memory of those who have lost their lives in the cause of peace.‘ It was so designated by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 57/129, on December 11, 2002, after an official request of the Ukrainian Peacekeepers Association and the Government of Ukraine to the UN General Assembly and first celebrated in 2003. The date, May 29, marks the anniversary of the creation of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in 1948 to monitor the ceasefire after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, which was the first ever UN peacekeeping mission. The day is marked at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City with the presentation of the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal, statements by the President of the General Assembly and the Secretary-General, as well as a press release regarding the state of UN Peacekeeping missions and the continued necessity of their work. More about this : http://ift.tt/2rwlQ4z

From Blogger http://ift.tt/2s5KCVV via http://ift.tt/2aY4od2

[imarkbd]

The General Assembly, in its resolution 57/129, designated 29 May as the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. This is the date when in 1948 the first UN peacekeeping mission named the "United Nations Truce Supervision Organization", or UNTSO, began operations in Palestine. On this day, we pay tribute to the professionalism, dedication and courage of all the men and women serving in UN peacekeeping operations, and honour the memory of those who have lost their lives in the cause of peace.

Since the first UN Peacekeeping mission was established in 1948, more than 3,000 military, police and civilian personnel have lost their lives in the service of peace as a result of acts of violence, accidents and disease. On 29 May, UN offices, alongside Member States and non-governmental organizations, hold solemn events to honour fallen peacekeepers.

At the UN Headquarters in New York, the Secretary-General presides over a wreath-laying ceremony in honour of all peacekeepers who lost their lives while serving under the UN flag. In addition, the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is awarded posthumously to the peacekeepers who have fallen while serving in the cause of peace, during the preceding year.

UN Peacekeeping operations use the Day to strengthen bonds with the local populations that they have been deployed to serve. For example by holding sporting events, school and orphanage visits, art and essay competitions, photo exhibits, neighbourhood clean ups, tree plantings, concerts, and conferences and workshops on peace issues.

International Day of UN Peacekeepers

[peacekeepersday]

The Inside Out action is a way to thank peacekeepers, past and present, for their service and sacrifice.

Add your voice to the call for peace by having your portrait taken and added to the collection.

The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers has been commemorated annually on 29 May, in line with a UN General Assembly resolution adopted in 2002. The date marks the start of the first UN peacekeeping mission, the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), in Palestine in 1948.

The theme of the 75th anniversary of UN Peacekeeping is ‘Peace begins with me’, which recognizes the service and sacrifice of blue helmets, past and present. It also pays tribute to the resilience of the communities they serve, who continue to strive for peace despite many obstacles.

The annual ceremony marking the Day was held on Thursday at UN Headquarters in New York, where the Secretary-General noted that peacekeepers “are increasingly working in places where there is no peace to keep.”

The following day, the city played host to an interactive art installation in Times Square celebrating peacekeepers and all those who work together to build and maintain peace across the world, including community members and local influencers in places where UN missions operate.

[christineamccalla]

Failure To Understand The US Constitution’s, Section 8, Scope of Legislative Power Results In The US Being Shunted Back To Its Policies, by McCalla, Christine Ann, MBA, MS, CBME, CAHR, CBDE, CTW, CPA

Failure to understand The US Constitution, Section 8, Scope of Legislative Power creates complication in its mandates and of such shall be set to execution, publicly, jointly and severally, and as a deterring measure to the benefit of appreciation of the inherent right to life. These mandates are,

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

To provide and maintain a navy (or other Armed Forces);

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

As such, in executing all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof, the instigators; perpetrators; and facilitators of an insurrection or holocaust intent on abusing the US Constitution, Section 8, Scope of Legislative Power own edicts:

REUTERS.com published world news June 8, 2019 “U.S. envoy, in interview, does not rule out Israeli annexation in West Bank” is a regard of nations conferencing in trivialities which are far from accurate, implicitly, and given the CIA Factbook confirmed deficiencies all nations must address, explicitly. Whether Israel is invading West Bank / Palestine in the occupied West Bank is not the United States of America’s policies or priorities. Furthermore, the role of an ally is clearly defined in Foreign Relations and Intercourse found within the US Code, or in Public Lands: Interior; National Defense; Navigation and Navigable Waters; Aeronautics and Space; Foreign Relations; Commerce and Foreign Trade; Commercial Practices; Judicial Administration; and, Commodity and Securities Exchanges found in the Code of Federal Regulations. Incitement; aggression; invasions; sieges; and holocausts are not titles, roles, and responsibilities conveyed through alliances or collaboration of allies. Furthermore, the role of the international peacekeepers are clearly defined in the laws and statutes of, Geneva Conventions; LIBOR; MAASTRICT; Charter on the Fundamental Human Rights of the European Union; International Covenant On Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant On Torture, Cruelty, and Inhumane Treatments; United Nations Coventions on International Armed Conflicts; United Nations Conventions On Genocide; and, United Nations Conventions On The International Sale of Goods and Services.

REUTERS.com (2019) represented, (1) The U.S. ambassador to Israel did not rule out an Israeli move to annex parts of the occupied West Bank, land that the Palestinians seek for a state; (2) Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in the run-up to an April election that he plans to annex Jewish settlements in the West Bank, a move bound to trigger widespread international condemnation and complicate peace efforts. (3) The New York Times said that U.S. Ambassador David Friedman had declined to say how Washington would respond to annexation, but remarked: “We really don’t have a view until we understand how much, on what terms, why does it make sense, why is it good for Israel, why is it good for the region, why does it not create more problems than it solves.”; (4) Friedman said that, under certain circumstances, “Israel has the right to retain some, but unlikely all, of the West Bank”. It was unclear which West Bank territories Friedman meant and whether Israel’s retention would be part of a peace accord that includes land swaps - an idea floated in past negotiations - rather than a unilateral move such as annexation. (5) The Trump plan had been expected to be unveiled during an economic conference in Bahrain this month. But a snap election in Israel set for Sept. 17 is likely to delay the roll-out. (6) Responding to Friedman’s interview, Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat tweeted: “Their vision is about annexation of occupied territory, a war crime under international law.”

With the REUTERS.com’s (2019) confirmed snap Israeli election set for Sept. 17, explicitly, Trump, Friedman, and Erekat fail to appreciate the premiums a democracy presents, particularly Voting and Elections; Census; and Nationally Statistically Rating Agencies. A reminder of the U.S. Constitution Article VII, The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same. However, Friedman was not referring to 1791, but to an electoral cycle between June 8, 2019 and September 17, 2019. Arbitration seems to be the order of the day between US Ambassador Friedman; CIA Factbook’s Israel’s Chief of State President Reuben RIVLIN (since 27 July 2014); and Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat. Furthermore, the conflict Transnational issue of the current status of the West Bank / Palestine being subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation, deteriorating (CIA Factbook). Friedman is apparently circumventing or supplanting the role of UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), headquartered in Jerusalem which, monitors ceasefires; supervises armistice agreements; prevents isolated incidents from escalating; and assists other UN personnel in the region (CIA Factbook). CIA Factbook also alleges UNTSO consists of 350 peacekeepers.

Another escalating issue is the CIA Factbook does not mention Palestine as state, but refers to it as country West Bank, a territory shared by Palestinian and Israeli settlers, with nontraditional military branches defined as branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces). To complicate War and National Defense and Armed Forces statutory requirements further, CIA Factbook argues, “in accordance with the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority (PA) is not permitted a conventional military but maintains security and police forces; PA security personnel have operated almost exclusively in the West Bank since HAMAS seized power in the Gaza Strip in 2007”. Is Friedman the holocaust; genocide; instigator; or, plain rabblerouser?

With West Bank / Palestine circumventing and vandalizing its own name and the United States of America playing the insurrectionist and holocaust, Israel fares no better. The CIA Factbook describes Israel has having no formal constitution, but allocutes to executing some functions of a constitution through the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended) in 11 of the 13 Basic Laws have been amended at least once, latest in 2018.

The process of writing the constitution is not as complexed or complicated as it seems, and guidance instead of pointers can be provided. (1) Do not forget The Preambles, We the People; (2) All peoples are created equal under the law and entitled to dignities, Justice, and Equalities; (3) While Israel’s constitution is an urgent and dire attribute, a consultation of existing laws and statutes, may be productive and fruitful and should include, Geneva Conventions; LIBOR; MAASTRICT; Charter on the Fundamental Human Rights of the European Union; International Covenant On Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant On Torture, Cruelty, and Inhumane Treatments; United Nations Coventions on International Armed Conflicts; United Nations Conventions On Genocide; and, United Nations Conventions On The International Sale of Goods and Services. (4) The War Finance Corporation Act should not yet be relevant as this is a direction the United States of America’s Friedman is headed. Clearly, expediency is now an asset; and, (5) Israel shares assets with West Bank / Palestine, citizenry.

With the election clearly approaching, Voting and Elections, and Nationally Statistically Rating Agency should bring Territories and Insular Possession; Espionage; Domestic Security; National Security; Flag and Seal, Seat of Government and The States; and, Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations to the surface and be made priorities. What is the United States of America’s contribution to assume such as prominent and distinguished chair?

While Israel’s constitution is in the process of completion and execution, a reminder to US Ambassador Friedman and CIA Factbook’s governance, the United States of America has a ratified constitution. It consists of Cornell Law’s,

Amendment I [Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment II [Right to Bear Arms (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment III [Quartering of Troops (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment IV [Search and Seizure (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment V [Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment VI [Criminal Prosecutions - Jury Trial, Right to Confront and to Counsel (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment VII [Common Law Suits - Jury Trial (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment VIII [Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment IX [Non-Enumerated Rights (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment X [Rights Reserved to States or People (1791)] (see explanation)

Amendment XI [Suits Against a State (1795)] (see explanation)

Amendment XII [Election of President and Vice-President (1804)] (see explanation)

Amendment XIII [Abolition of Slavery (1865)] (see explanation)

Amendment XIV [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection, Apportionment of Representatives, Civil War Disqualification and Debt (1868)] (see explanation)

Amendment XV [Rights Not to Be Denied on Account of Race (1870)] (see explanation)

Amendment XVI [Income Tax (1913)] (see explanation)

Amendment XVII [Election of Senators (1913)] (see explanation)

Amendment XVIII [Prohibition (1919)] (see explanation)

Amendment XIX [Women's Right to Vote (1920)] (see explanation)

Amendment XX [Presidential Term and Succession (1933)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXI [Repeal of Prohibition (1933)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXII [Two Term Limit on President (1951)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXIII [Presidential Vote in D.C. (1961)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXIV [Poll Tax (1964)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXV [Presidential Succession (1967)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXVI [Right to Vote at Age 18 (1971)] (see explanation)

Amendment XXVII [Compensation of Members of Congress (1992)] (see explanation)

Seemingly without predictive modeling and big data analysis, US Ambassador Friedman is insistent on the US Constitution’s nullification. Furthermore, this interaction with the West Bank / Palestine is inappropriate. The titles, roles, and responsibilities conferred upon Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erekat, would be most eloquently served by that of Head of Government or Chief of State, minimally. Perhaps, an application of the Right to Face The Accuser is a more articulate statement and articulation in which it is best argued that CIA Factbook could be a more efficient and dynamic multitasker in the assisting of UNTSO as peacekeeper and mediator, and define the said titles, roles, and responsibilities of Head of Government or Chief of State, minimally.

Without an analysis of each nation involving economic drivers, an accurate business intelligence assumption would be the fruition of US Constitution’s Section 8 Scope of Legislative Power’s, (1) debt must be financed; (2) credit ratings must be optimized; (3) reserves and debt covenants must be met; (4) currency and commodity exchanges must be monitored to optimize international performance; and, (5) risks must be managed to ensure maximum international competitive advantages. All three (3) nations involved, United States of America; Israel; and, West Bank / Palestine are Third Nations by international commercial comparison to the European Union. Within the European Economic Community, Article 111, Member States shall co-ordinate their commercial relations with third countries in such a way as to bring about, not later than at the expiry of the transitional period, the conditions necessary to the implementation of a common policy in the matter of external trade. A logical assumption includes improved balance of trade; reduction of deficits; and addressing Customs Duties and Tariffs.

Governance requires masterdom of circumstances. In this case, the democracy must stand to ensure the governance of the people, for the people, and by the people. Allegations of holocausts; insurrections; genocide; mass bankruptcy and manipulations of bankruptcy rules; and mass murder is not an indicator of democracy. Not every international assignation of interest results in Foreign Relations and Intercourse; Commerce and Foreign Trade; Commercial Practices; and, Commodity and Securities Exchanges, and yet still, the Judicial Administration must stand alone, alone, at arms-length, effective and efficient.

The United States of America’s Preamble - We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

A recommendation on forming a more perfect union; establish justice; and, insure domestic tranquility also has a solution. This is the US Constitution’s Section 8 Scope of Legislative Power. This includes,

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes (or be it Israel, United States of America, et al);

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;

To establish post offices and post roads;

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

To provide and maintain a navy;

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlevii

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-usa/u-s-envoy-in-interview-does-not-rule-out-israeli-annexation-in-west-bank-idUSKCN1T90MP