#Unesco Tentative List

[ramaarya]

travel shorts: kazakhstan's bronze age gallery with 5,000 petroglyphs

In search of the Arpauzen petroglyphs. I wish I had some form of 360-degree vision and could see nature’s entire spread around me at the same go. On one side, the Prisyrdarya Karatau Mountains‘ dark craggy peaks encircled the isolated silent valley swathed in wild tulips and golden heather. On the other, colossal black chunks of rock glistening in the afternoon sun cascaded down the slopes. Pinch…

[southeastasianarchaeology]

Thailand Proposes Songkhla Lagoon Settlements for Heritage Glory

Thailand aims to list Songkhla's ancient towns as UNESCO sites, spotlighting their rich history and maritime heritage.

via The Nation, 07 March 2024: Thailand is nominating four ancient town areas in Songkhla—Phang Yang, Phakho, Si Yang, Sathing Phra, Pom Khai Singkora, Laem Son, and Bo Yang—for inclusion on UNESCO’s Tentative List of World Heritage Sites. Highlighting their historical significance, cultural development, and ancient maritime connections, these sites promise to elevate Songkhla’s tourism profile.…

[suetravelblog]

Kazbegi, Gudauri, Zhinvali Tour Georgia

[blueiscoool]

Turkish Archaeologists Unearth Sculpted Heads of Ancient Greek Deities

The excavations in Kutahya province’s ancient city of Aizanoi, which is the site of many ancient Greek and Roman-era settlements, discover the statue heads of Dionysus and Aphrodite.

Turkish archaeologists have discovered more sculpted heads of ancient Greek deities during excavations in Türkiye's western Kutahya province.

The statue head of Aphrodite, known as the goddess of love and beauty in Greek mythology, and the statue head of Dionysus, the deity of wine, were discovered during excavation work in an ancient city in central Türkiye.

Modern Türkiye is the site of many ancient Greek and Roman-era settlements.

With a history dating back 5,000 years, Aizanoi, situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from the Kutahya city centre, was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2012.

Archaeological excavations are currently underway in Aizanoi, which is located in the Cavdarhisar district of Kutahya province and is home to Anatolia's best-preserved Temple of Zeus.

Archaeology professor and excavation team leader Gokhan Coskun told Anadolu Agency that numerous statue pieces were discovered during the excavation.

"The most exciting development for us this season is uncovering new heads of the goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite, and the deity of wine Dionysus," Coskun said.

"In the excavation works we have conducted in the region so far, we have unearthed more than 100 statue pieces. Some of the heads found are from statues that are 2-3 meters long," he noted.

"These statue heads, which we first discovered three years ago, are in very well-preserved condition. During our excavations, so far we have discovered two Aphrodite and three Dionysus statue heads," Coskun said.

The excavation season, which began in the ancient city last April, will be completed by the end of this month, Coskun added.

[hopefulkidshark]

Pontic Kings Rock Tomb, Amasya, Turkey: The Tombs of the kings of Pontus, located in Amasya, northern Turkey, are rock-carved tombs of different sizes, forming the royal necropolis of the Pontic kings. The site was added to the tentative list in the cultural category of UNESCO World Heritage Site on April 13, 2014. Wikipedia

[thepastisalreadywritten]

Story and photographs by Ronan O’Connell

September 26, 2023

In the middle of a field in a lesser known part of Ireland is a large mound where sheep wander and graze freely.

Had they been in that same location centuries ago, these animals might have been stiff with terror, held aloft by chanting, costumed celebrants while being sacrificed to demonic spirits that were said to inhabit nearby Oweynagat cave.

This monumental mound lay at the heart of Rathcroghan, the hub of the ancient Irish kingdom of Connaught.

The former Iron Age center is now largely buried beneath the farmland of County Roscommon.

In 2021, Ireland applied for UNESCO World Heritage status for Rathcroghan (Rath-craw-hin). It remains on the organization's tentative list.

Rooted in lore

Spread across more than two square miles of rich agricultural land, Rathcroghan encompasses 240 archaeological sites, dating back 5,500 years.

They include burial mounds, ring forts (settlement sites), standing stones, linear earthworks, an Iron Age ritual sanctuary — and Oweynagat, the so-called gate to hell.

More than 2,000 years ago, when Ireland’s communities seem to have worshipped nature and the land itself, it was here at Rathcroghan that the Irish New Year festival of Samhain (SOW-in) was born, says archaeologist and Rathcroghan expert Daniel Curley.

In the 1800s, the Samhain tradition was brought by Irish immigrants to the United States, where it morphed into the sugar overload that is American Halloween.

Dorothy Ann Bray, a retired associate professor at McGill University and an expert in Irish folklore, explains that pre-Christian Irish divided each year into summer and winter.

Within that framework were four festivities.

Imbolc, on February 1, was a festival that coincided with lambing season.

Bealtaine, on May 1, marked the end of winter and involved customs like washing one’s face in dew, plucking the first blooming flowers, and dancing around a decorated tree.

August 1 heralded Lughnasadh, a harvest festival dedicated to the god Lugh and presided over by Irish kings.

Then on October 31 came Samhain, when one pastoral year ended and another began.

Rathcroghan was not a town, as Connaught had no proper urban centers and consisted of scattered rural properties.

Instead, it was a royal settlement and a key venue for these festivals.

During Samhain, in particular, Rathcroghan was a hive of activity focused on its elevated temple, which was surrounded by burial grounds for the Connachta elite.

Those same privileged people may have lived at Rathcroghan. The remaining lower-class Connachta communities resided in dispersed farms and descended on the site only for festivals.

At those lively events they traded, feasted, exchanged gifts, played games, arranged marriages, and announced declarations of war or peace.

Festivalgoers also may have made ritual offerings, possibly directed to the spirits of Ireland’s otherworld.

That murky, subterranean dimension, also known as Tír na nÓg (Teer-na-nohg), was inhabited by Ireland’s immortals, as well as a myriad of beasts, demons, and monsters.

During Samhain, some of these creatures escaped via Oweynagat cave (pronounced “Oen-na-gat” and meaning “cave of the cats”).

“Samhain was when the invisible wall between the living world and the otherworld disappeared,” says Mike McCarthy, a Rathcroghan tour guide and researcher who has co-authored several publications on the site.

“A whole host of fearsome otherworldly beasts emerged to ravage the surrounding landscape and make it ready for winter.”

Thankful for the agricultural efforts of these spirits but wary of falling victim to their fury, the people protected themselves from physical harm by lighting ritual fires on hilltops and in fields.

They disguised themselves as fellow ghouls, McCarthy says, so as not to be dragged into the otherworld via the cave.

Despite these engaging legends — and the extensive archaeological site in which they dwell — one easily could drive past Rathcroghan and spot nothing but paddocks.

Inhabited for more than 10,000 years, Ireland is so dense with historical remains that many are either largely or entirely unnoticed.

Some are hidden beneath the ground, having been abandoned centuries ago and then slowly consumed by nature.

That includes Rathcroghan, which some experts say may be Europe’s largest unexcavated royal complex.

Not only has it never been dug up, but it also predates Ireland’s written history.

That means scientists must piece together its tale using non-invasive technology and artifacts found in its vicinity.

While Irish people for centuries knew this site was home to Rathcroghan, it wasn’t until the 1990s that a team of Irish researchers used remote sensing technology to reveal its archaeological secrets beneath the ground.

“The beauty of the approach to date at Rathcroghan is that so much has been uncovered without the destruction that comes with excavating upstanding earthwork monuments,” Curley says.

“[Now] targeted excavation can be engaged with, which will answer our research questions while limiting the damage inherent with excavation.”

Becoming a UNESCO site

This policy of preserving Rathcroghan’s integrity and authenticity extends to tourism.

Despite its significance, Rathcroghan is one of Ireland’s less frequented attractions, drawing some 22,000 visitors a year compared with more than a million at the Cliffs of Moher.

That may not be the case had it long ago been heavily marketed as the “Birthplace of Halloween,” Curley says.

But there is no Halloween signage at Rathcroghan or in Tulsk, the nearest town.

Rathcroghan’s renown should soar, however, if Ireland is successful in its push to make it a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The Irish Government has included Rathcroghan as part of the “Royal Sites of Ireland,” which is on its newest list of locations to be considered for prized World Heritage status.

The global exposure potentially offered by UNESCO branding would likely attract many more visitors to Rathcroghan.

But it seems unlikely this historic jewel will be re-packaged as a kitschy Halloween tourist attraction.

“If Rathcroghan got a UNESCO listing and that attracted more attention here that would be great, because it might result in more funding to look after the site,” Curley says.

“But we want sustainable tourism, not a rush of gimmicky Halloween tourism.”

Those travelers who do seek out Rathcroghan might have trouble finding Oweynagat cave.

Oweynagat is elusive — despite being the birthplace of Medb, perhaps the most famous queen in Irish history, 2,000 years ago.

Barely signposted, it’s hidden beneath trees in a paddock at the end of a one-way, dead-end farm track, about a thousand yards south of the much more accessible temple mound.

Visitors are free to hop a fence, walk through a field, and peer into the narrow passage of Oweynagat.

In Ireland’s Iron Age, such behavior would have been enormously risky during Samhain, when even wearing a ghastly disguise might not have spared the wrath of a malevolent creature.

Two millennia later, most costumed trick-or-treaters on Halloween won’t realize they’re mimicking a prehistoric tradition — one with much higher stakes than the pursuit of candy.

[nevzatboyraz44]

Türkiye 🇹🇷

İZNİK DİKİLİTAŞ 2 BİN YILDIR AYAKTA

İznik’e 5 kilometre uzaklıkta şeftali bahçelerinin tam ortasında yer alan Roma dönemi mezar anıtı obelisk, ihtişamı ile görenleri şaşırtıyor.

Üç yüzeyli, yukarıya doğru yükselen ve birbiri üzerine demir kamalarla oturtulmuş beş beyaz mermer bloktan oluşan anıta, bundan dolayı ‘dikilitaş’ ismi verilmiş.

Anıtın geniş olan birinci taşı üzerindeki Grekçe kitabede;

"C.Cassius Philiscus, C.Cassius Asklepiodotus'un oğlu, 83 yıl yaşadı" yazılı.

Yerli yabancı turistlerin ilgi gösterdiği dikilitaş ihtişamı ile herkesin ilgi odağı haline geldi.

(UNESCO Dünya mirası geçici listesinde bulunuyor)

........

İZNİK DİKİLİTAŞ STANDING FOR 2,000 YEARS

Located in the middle of the peach orchards, 5 kilometers from Iznik, the Roman period obelisk amazes those who see it with its magnificence.

For this reason, the monument, consisting of five white marble blocks with three surfaces, rising upwards and seated on top of each other with iron wedges, was given the name 'obelisk'.

In the Greek inscription on the first stone of the monument;

Inscribed "C. Cassius Philiscus, son of C. CassiusAsclepiodotus, lived 83 years".

The obelisk, which attracted the attention of domestic and foreign tourists, has become the center of attention with its magnificence.

(It is on the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list)

[poapoatours]

Explore the Ultimate Tanzania Luxury Safari Experience with PoaPoa Tours

Tanzania is a land of diverse landscapes, from vast savannas and towering mountains to lush forests and pristine beaches. For travelers seeking an unforgettable, high-end experience, a Tanzania luxury safari offers the perfect blend of adventure and comfort. PoaPoa Tours is your gateway to exploring this East African gem in style, offering personalized itineraries and luxury accommodations that will leave you in awe.

Why Choose a Tanzania Luxury Safari?

A luxury safari in Tanzania is more than just game drives—it’s a full immersion into the heart of nature, combined with exclusive services. Whether you’re looking to witness the Great Wildebeest Migration in Serengeti, explore the stunning Ngorongoro Crater, or relax in a 5-star lodge after a thrilling day, PoaPoa Tours ensures every aspect of your journey is meticulously planned for your comfort.

Here are a few reasons why a Tanzania luxury safari should be on your bucket list:

Exclusive Lodging: Stay in world-class lodges or tented camps that offer high-end amenities, fine dining, and breathtaking views of Tanzania's wildlife right from your room.

Personalized Safari Experiences: With private guides, you can create your own itinerary, whether you want to focus on bird watching, photography, or witnessing the “Big Five.”

Unforgettable Wildlife Encounters: Watch elephants, lions, leopards, and giraffes in their natural habitat, all while enjoying premium service and accommodations.

Highlights of PoaPoa Tours’ Tanzania Luxury Safari

At PoaPoa Tours, we craft bespoke Tanzania safari experiences tailored to your preferences. Below are some of the key highlights that make our luxury safaris stand out:

Serengeti National Park: Known for the Great Wildebeest Migration, Serengeti is a must-visit for anyone seeking the ultimate safari experience. Enjoy the luxury of private game drives and exclusive lodges within the park.

Ngorongoro Crater: Stay in lodges perched on the edge of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering unmatched views and opportunities for game viewing.

Tarangire National Park: Famous for its large elephant herds, Tarangire offers a unique mix of lush landscapes and luxury accommodations.

Private Bush Dinners and Hot Air Balloon Rides: Make your safari even more special with private dining experiences under the African stars or a hot air balloon safari at sunrise.

Custom Luxury Packages: Whether you’re planning a family getaway, honeymoon, or solo adventure, PoaPoa Tours offers custom luxury safari packages that fit your desires and schedule.

Focus on Sustainability and Community

At PoaPoa Tours, we believe that luxury and sustainability go hand in hand. Our eco-friendly camps and lodges ensure minimal environmental impact while providing a high standard of comfort. Additionally, we support local communities through various initiatives, ensuring that your trip not only leaves a positive impact on you but also on Tanzania's people and wildlife.

Suggested Itineraries for a Tanzania Luxury Safari

10-Day Luxury Safari & Zanzibar Escape: Explore Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, and the pristine beaches of Zanzibar. This package combines wildlife with relaxation.

7-Day Luxury Serengeti & Ngorongoro Experience: Perfect for those who want a deeper immersion in Tanzania's most famous wildlife destinations.

14-Day Tanzania & Kenya Combined Safari: For the ultimate African adventure, this cross-border luxury safari covers both Tanzania and Kenya’s best national parks.

Why Book with PoaPoa Tours?

With decades of experience in providing top-tier safari experiences, PoaPoa Tours is your trusted partner for a luxury safari in Tanzania. Our expert guides, luxury accommodations, and commitment to sustainability make us the ideal choice for discerning travelers.

Book your Tanzania luxury safari with PoaPoa Tours today and embark on a journey you’ll never forget!

[millarelester]

Mt. Pulag National Park

 Philippines

Date of Submission: 16/05/2006

Criteria: (ix)(x)

Category: Natural

Submitted by:

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) - Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau

State, Province or Region:

Benguet, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya Provinces

Coordinates: N16 30 36 E120 50 20

Ref.: 5030

Export

Word File .doc

Disclaimer

The Tentative Lists of States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate harmonization of Tentative Lists at regional and thematic levels.

The sole responsibility for the content of each Tentative List lies with the State Party concerned. The publication of the Tentative Lists does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the World Heritage Centre or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.

Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party

Description

Mt. Pulag National Park lies on the north and south spine of the Grand Cordillera Central that stretches from Pasaleng, Ilocos Norte to the Cordillera Provinces. It falls within the administrative jurisdiction of two (2) Regions: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) and Cagayan Valley (R2).

The whole park is located within the Philippine Cordillera Mountain Range and is very rugged, characterized by steep to very steep slopes at the mountainsides and generally rolling areas at the mountain peak. Mt. Pulag National Park is the highest peak in Luzon and is the second highest mountain in the Philippines with an elevation of 2,922 m. above sea level.

The summit of Mt. Pulag is covered with grass and dwarf bamboo plants. At lower elevations, the mountainside has a mossy forest veiled with fog, and full of ferns, lichens and moss. Below this is the pine forest growing on barren, rocky slopes. Falls, rivers and small lakes mark the area.

The Park has a large diversity of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to the mountain. Its wildlife includes threatened mammals such as the Philippine Brown Deer, Northern Luzon Giant Cloud Rat and the Luzon Pygmy Fruit Bat.  One can also find several orchid species some of which are possibly endemic to Mt. Pulag, and other rare flora such as the pitcher plant.

Mt. Pulag is an important watershed providing the water necessities of many stakeholders for domestic and industrial use, irrigation, hydroelectric power production and aquaculture.

[ramaarya]

travel diaries: a bronze age gallery with 5,000 petroglyphs

[southeastasianarchaeology]

Songkhla's Old Town Eyes UNESCO World Heritage Status:

via Bangkok Post, 21 Sep 2023: Local authorities and civic groups in Songkhla are collaborating on a development and management plan to nominate the province's old town for inclusion in UNESCO's tentative list of World Heritage Sites.

via Bangkok Post, 21 Sep 2023: Local authorities and civic groups in Songkhla are collaborating on a development and management plan to nominate the province’s old town for inclusion in UNESCO’s tentative list of World Heritage Sites. The provincial administrative organisation (PAO) and civilsociety of this southern region are pressing ahead with a plan to includeSongkhla’s old town in the…

[christinamac1]

Planned nuclear plant in a Kenyan top tourist hub and home to endangered species sparks protest

 Daily Mail. By Associated Press, 12 October 2024  KILIFI, Kenya (AP) – Dozens rallied against a proposal to build Kenya’s first nuclear power plant in one of the country’s top coastal tourist hubs which also houses a forest on the tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage site. Kilifi County is renowned for its pristine sandy beaches where hotels and beach bars line the 165-mile-long coast…

[blueiscoool]

1,800-Year-Old Surgical Tools Found at Zerzevan Fortress in Turkey

The fortress, located in the Chinar district, has a history that extends back to nearly 3,000 years. Due to its historical significance, it has been included by UNESCO alongside other heritage sites on the tentative list of world heritage.

[holiday-and-tour-packages]

Top 6 Kazakhstan Tours and Things to Do in 2024

A land of enormous seas, towering mountains, and rich cultural heritage, Kazakhstan beckons travellers with its particular combo of herbal wonders and historic treasures. As the ninth largest country in the world, Kazakhstan's imparting diverse stories for adventurers, history buffs, and nature enthusiasts alike in 2024, this Central Asian gem will showcase tours and sports that promise to have interaction visitors find out in its enchanting splendour and vibrant lifestyle.

In this guide, we spotlight the top six things to visit and activities in Kazakhstan in 2024. From exploring the world-elegance beauty of Almaty to exploring the futuristic skyline of Nur Sultan to the beyond on the pinnacle of discovering the breath taking beauty of Silk Road cities and the Altai Mountains, these studies replicate the high quality that Kazakhstan has to provide. Whether you're a first-time traveller or returning, these tours provide remarkable insight into the coronary heart of this fascinating and dynamic United States of America.

Top 6 Kazakhstan Tours & Things to Do in 2024

1. Explore Almaty, the capital of the way of life

Almaty, the most important metropolis in Kazakhstan, is the U.S.’s cultural and economic centre. Located in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatou Mountains, Almaty offers the perfect blend of herbal splendor and urban allure. Exploring Almaty in 2024 must be at the pinnacle of your listing. Start your journey with a visit to the Central State Museum to explore the records and historical past of Kazakhstan. Take a stroll through the Green Bazaar to enjoy neighborhood lifestyles and pattern the wist of Kazakh tradition. Don’t omit Kok-Tobe Hill, which can be reached with the aid of a scenic cable car and offers panoramic perspectives of the metropolis and surrounding mountains. The Medeau Skating Rink and Ski Resort, positioned on the outskirts of the city, is a must-visit for ice sports enthusiasts.

2. Explore the modern wonders of Nur-Sultan.

Formerly known as Astana, the capital Nur-Sultan is a testament to Kazakhstan’s rapid modernization and architecture. In 2024, a guided tour of Nur Sultan will introduce you to its futuristic climate and cultural landmarks. Start at the Byterek Tower, where the observation deck offers panoramic views of the city. Khan Shatir is a large, transparent tent with an indoor beach, shopping, and entertainment facilities.  The Hazret Sultan Mosque, one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, and the exhibition-rich National Museum of Kazakhstan are important stops

3. Travel along the Silk Road: Turkestan and Shimkent

The southern parts of Kazakhstan have a lot of historical significance, especially the ancient Silk Road cities of Turkestan and Shimkent. Walking through these cities in 2024 will take you back in time. Turkestan is home to the Tomb of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a masterpiece of Timurid architecture. Explore the vibrant local markets in Shimkent and visit the Aksu-Zhabagli Nature Reserve, the oldest nature reserve in Central Asia, known for its diversity of flora and fauna. These towns allow you to see the fascinating fabric of Kazakh history and culture.

4. Experience the majestic Altai Mountains.

For nature lovers and adventure seekers alike, the Altai Mountains of East Kazakhstan offer unparalleled beauty and outdoor activities. Visit in 2024 to see the pristine landscape of this remote county. Walking, horseback riding, and wildlife watching are popular activities in Altai. Katon-Karage National Park, the largest national park in Kazakhstan, is known for its diverse ecosystems of forests, mountain meadows, and glacial lakes. Ancient cemeteries dating back to the 3rd century BC

5. Unlock the mysteries of Charin Canyon

Often called the Grand Canyon of Central Asia, Charin Gorge is a herbal wonder placed approximately 200 kilometres east of Almaty. A day trip to Charin Canyon in 2024 will leave you in awe of the extraordinary rock formations and colours. The valley stretches for 154 kilometres, with many spectacular hiking trails. One part of the valley, the Valley of Forts, is mainly well-known for its towering cliffs that resemble medieval castles. Guided excursions monitor the geological history and specific plants and fauna of the vicinity.

6. Take a dip in the tranquillity of Lake Balkhash.

The lake is split into awesome sections: the western half is fresh water, and the Japanese half is salty. Visiting Lake Balkhash in 2024 offers the opportunity to fish, boat, and relax on its sandy shorelines. Surrounded by numerous natural worlds, it's remarkable vicinity for chicken-looking and nature pictures. Local excursions typically include visits to nearby fishing villages, where you may enjoy conventional Kazakh hospitality and food.

Conclusion

Discover the top six Kazakhstan tours and activities in 2024. The country’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, and display of modern wonders promise rich and diverse travel experiences from the cultural depths of Almaty, the futuristic delights of Nur Sultan, the historical charm of Silk Road cities, breath taking views of the Altai Mountains, and Balkhash. The serene expanse of the lake and every destination offer a unique experience to suit every traveller’s taste. To fully immerse yourself in these adventures, consider booking Kazakhstan tour packages from uae, which offer comprehensive and convenient ways to explore the best of this fascinating country. The most important of these

[nevzatboyraz44]

📍 Eşrefoğlu Camii, Konya

🕌 Anadolu Selçukluları döneminde inşe edilen ve 2012'de UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi’ne alınan yapı, 48 ahşap direğin üzerine oturtulmuş tavanı, kündekâri sanatıyla yapılmış pencereleri, minberi ve mahfil çinileriyle dikkat çekiyor.

.......

📍 Esrefoglu Mosque, Konya

🕌 The building, which was built during the Anatolian Seljuk period and included in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2012, draws attention with its ceiling mounted on 48 wooden poles, windows made with the art of kündekari, its pulpit and mahfil tiles.

📸: Serhat Cetinkaya, AA

[4eternal-life]

The Manasija Monastery also known as Resava, is a Serbian Orthodox monastery near Despotovac, Serbia founded by Despot Stefan Lazarević between 1406 and 1418. The church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It is one of the most significant monuments of medieval Serbian culture and it belongs to the "Morava school". The monastery is surrounded by massive walls and towers. Immediately following its foundation, the monastery became the cultural centre of the Serbian Despotate. Its School of Resava was well known for its manuscripts and translations throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, even after the fall of the Despotate to the Ottoman Turks.

Manasija complex was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia, and monastery have entered a UNESCO Tentative List Process in 2010.

Manasija Monastery / Serbia (by Johannes Hulsch)