#The Alexander Hotel Hobart

[classic-laugjhing-hollywood]

Marie Dressler (born Leila Marie Koerber, November 9, 1868 – July 28, 1934) was a Canadian stage and screen actress, comedian, and early silent film and Depression-era film star. In 1914, she was in the first full-length film comedy. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1931.

Leaving home at the age of 14, Dressler built a career on stage in traveling theatre troupes, where she learned to appreciate her talent in making people laugh. In 1892, she started a career on Broadway that lasted into the 1920s, performing comedic roles that allowed her to improvise to get laughs. From one of her successful Broadway roles, she played the titular role in the first full-length screen comedy, Tillie's Punctured Romance (1914), opposite Charlie Chaplin and Mabel Normand. She made several shorts, but mostly worked in New York City on stage. During World War I, along with other celebrities, she helped sell Liberty bonds. In 1919, she helped organize the first union for stage chorus players.

Her career declined in the 1920s, and Dressler was reduced to living on her savings while sharing an apartment with a friend. In 1927, she returned to films at the age of 59 and experienced a remarkable string of successes. For her performance in the comedy film Min and Bill (1930), Dressler won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She died of cancer in 1934.

Marie Dressler's original name was Leila Marie Koerber. She was born on November 9, 1868, Cobourg, Ontario. She was one of the two daughters of Anna (née Henderson), a musician, and Alexander Rudolph Koerber (b. April 13, 1826, Lindow, Neu-Ruppin, Germany – d. November 1914, Wimbledon, Surrey, England), a German-born former officer in the Crimean War. Leila's elder sister, Bonita Louise Koerber (b. January 1864, Ontario, Canada – d. September 18, 1939, Richmond, Surrey, England), later married playwright Richard Ganthony.

Her father was a music teacher in Cobourg and the organist at St. Peter's Anglican Church, where as a child Marie would sing and assist in operating the organ. According to Dressler, the family regularly moved from community to community during her childhood. It has been suggested by Cobourg historian Andrew Hewson that Dressler attended a private school, but this is doubtful if Dressler's recollections of the family's genteel poverty are accurate.

The Koerber family eventually moved to the United States, where Alexander Koerber is known to have worked as a piano teacher in the late 1870s and early 1880s in Bay City and Saginaw (both in Michigan) as well as Findlay, Ohio. Her first known acting appearance, when she was five, was as Cupid in a church theatrical performance in Lindsay, Ontario. Residents of the towns where the Koerbers lived recalled Dressler acting in many amateur productions, and Leila often irritated her parents with those performances.

Dressler left home at the age of 14 to begin her acting career with the Nevada Stock Company, telling the company she was actually 18. The pay was either $6 or $8 per week, and Dressler sent half to her mother. At this time, Dressler adopted the name of an aunt as her stage name. According to Dressler, her father objected to her using the name of Koerber. The identity of the aunt was never confirmed, although Dressler denied that she adopted the name from a store awning. Dressler's sister Bonita, five years older, left home at about the same time. Bonita also worked in the opera company. The Nevada Stock Company was a travelling company that played mostly in the American Midwest. Dressler described the troupe as a "wonderful school in many ways. Often a bill was changed on an hour's notice or less. Every member of the cast had to be a quick study". Dressler made her professional debut as a chorus girl named Cigarette in the play Under Two Flags, a dramatization of life in the Foreign Legion.

She remained with the troupe for three years, while her sister left to marry playwright Richard Ganthony. The company eventually ended up in a small Michigan town without money or a booking. Dressler joined the Robert Grau Opera Company, which toured the Midwest, and she received an improvement in pay to $8 per week, although she claimed she never received any wages.

Dressler ended up in Philadelphia, where she joined the Starr Opera Company as a member of the chorus. A highlight with the Starr company was portraying Katisha in The Mikado when the regular actress was unable to go on, due to a sprained ankle, according to Dressler. She was also known to have played the role of Princess Flametta in an 1887 production in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She left the Starr company to return home to her parents in Saginaw. According to her, when the Bennett and Moulton Opera Company came to town, she was chosen from the church choir by the company's manager and asked to join the company. Dressler remained with the company for three years, again on the road, playing roles of light opera.

She later particularly recalled specially the role of Barbara in The Black Hussars, which she especially liked, in which she would hit a baseball into the stands. Dressler remained with the company until 1891, gradually increasing in popularity. She moved to Chicago and was cast in productions of Little Robinson Crusoe and The Tar and the Tartar. After the touring production of The Tar and the Tartar came to a close, she moved to New York City.

In 1892, Dressler made her debut on Broadway at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in Waldemar, the Robber of the Rhine, which only lasted five weeks. She had hoped to become an operatic diva or tragedienne, but the writer of Waldemar, Maurice Barrymore, convinced her to accept that her best success was in comedy roles. Years later, she appeared in motion pictures with his sons, Lionel and John, and became good friends with his daughter, actress Ethel Barrymore. In 1893, she was cast as the Duchess in Princess Nicotine, where she met and befriended Lillian Russell.

Dressler now made $50 per week, with which she supported her parents. She moved on into roles in 1492 Up To Date, Girofle-Girofla, and A Stag Party, or A Hero in Spite of Himself After A Stag Party flopped, she joined the touring Camille D'Arville Company on a tour of the Midwest in Madeleine, or The Magic Kiss, as Mary Doodle, a role giving her a chance to clown.

In 1896, Dressler landed her first starring role as Flo in George Lederer's production of The Lady Slavey at the Casino Theatre on Broadway, co-starring British dancer Dan Daly. It was a great success, playing for two years at the Casino. Dressler became known for her hilarious facial expressions, seriocomic reactions, and double takes. With her large, strong body, she could improvise routines in which she would carry Daly, to the delight of the audience.

Dressler's success enabled her to purchase a home for her parents on Long Island. The Lady Slavey success turned sour when she quit the production while it toured in Colorado. The Erlanger syndicate blocked her from appearing on Broadway, and she chose to work with the Rich and Harris touring company. Dressler returned to Broadway in Hotel Topsy Turvy and The Man in the Moon.

She formed her own theatre troupe in 1900, which performed George V. Hobart's Miss Prinnt in cities of the northeastern U.S. The production was a failure, and Dressler was forced to declare bankruptcy.

In 1904, she signed a three-year, $50,000 contract with the Weber and Fields Music Hall management, performing lead roles in Higgeldy Piggeldy and Twiddle Twaddle. After her contract expired she performed vaudeville in New York, Boston, and other cities. Dressler was known for her full-figured body, and buxom contemporaries included her friends Lillian Russell, Fay Templeton, May Irwin and Trixie Friganza. Dressler herself was 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m) tall and weighed 200 pounds (91 kg).

In 1907, she met James Henry "Jim" Dalton. The two moved to London, where Dressler performed at the Palace Theatre of Varieties for $1500 per week. After that, she planned to mount a show herself in the West End. In 1909, with members of the Weber organization, she staged a modified production of Higgeldy Piggeldy at the Aldwych Theatre, renaming the production Philopoena after her own role. It was a failure, closing after one week. She lost $40,000 on the production, a debt she eventually repaid in 1930. She and Dalton returned to New York. Dressler declared bankruptcy for a second time.

She returned to the Broadway stage in a show called The Boy and the Girl, but it lasted only a few weeks. She moved on to perform vaudeville at Young's Pier in Atlantic City for the summer. In addition to her stage work, Dressler recorded for Edison Records in 1909 and 1910. In the fall of 1909, she entered rehearsals for a new play, Tillie's Nightmare. The play toured in Albany, Chicago, Kansas City, and Philadelphia, and was a flop. Dressler helped to revise the show, without the authors' permission, and in order to keep the changes she had to threaten to quit before the play opened on Broadway. Her revisions helped make it a big success there. Biographer Betty Lee considers the play the high point of her stage career.

Dressler continued to work in the theater during the 1910s, and toured the United States during World War I, selling Liberty bonds and entertaining the American Expeditionary Forces. American infantrymen in France named both a street and a cow after Dressler. The cow was killed, leading to "Marie Dressler: Killed in Line of Duty" headlines, about which Dressler (paraphrasing Mark Twain) quipped, "I had a hard time convincing people that the report of my death had been greatly exaggerated."

After the war, Dressler returned to vaudeville in New York, and toured in Cleveland and Buffalo. She owned the rights to the play Tillie's Nightmare, the play upon which her 1914 movie Tillie's Punctured Romance was based. Her husband Jim Dalton and she made plans to self-finance a revival of the play. The play fizzled in the summer of 1920, and the production was disbanded. In 1919, during the Actors' Equity strike in New York City, the Chorus Equity Association was formed and voted Dressler its first president.

Dressler accepted a role in Cinderella on Broadway in October 1920, but the play failed after only a few weeks. She signed on for a role in The Passing Show of 1921, but left the cast after only a few weeks. She returned to the vaudeville stage with the Schubert Organization, traveling through the Midwest. Dalton traveled with her, although he was very ill from kidney failure. He stayed in Chicago while she traveled on to St. Louis and Milwaukee. He died while Marie was in St. Louis, and Marie then left the tour. His body was claimed by his ex-wife, and he was buried in the Dalton plot.

After failing to sell a film script, Dressler took an extended trip to Europe in the fall of 1922. On her return she found it difficult to find work, considering America to be "youth-mad" and "flapper-crazy". She busied herself with visits to veteran hospitals. To save money she moved into the Ritz Hotel, arranging for a small room at a discount. In 1923, Dressler received a small part in a revue at the Winter Garden Theatre, titled The Dancing Girl, but was not offered any work after the show closed. In 1925, she was able to perform as part of the cast of a vaudeville show which went on a five-week tour, but still could not find any work back in New York City. The following year, she made a final appearance on Broadway as part of an Old Timers' bill at the Palace Theatre.

Early in 1930, Dressler joined Edward Everett Horton's theater troupe in Los Angeles to play a princess in Ferenc Molnár's The Swan, but after one week, she quit the troupe. Later that year she played the princess-mother of Lillian Gish's character in the 1930 film adaptation of Molnar's play, titled One Romantic Night.

Dressler had appeared in two shorts as herself, but her first role in a feature film came in 1914 at the age of 44. In 1902, she had met fellow Canadian Mack Sennett and helped him get a job in the theater. After Sennett became the owner of his namesake motion picture studio, he convinced Dressler to star in his 1914 silent film Tillie's Punctured Romance. The film was to be the first full-length, six-reel motion picture comedy. According to Sennett, a prospective budget of $200,000 meant that he needed "a star whose name and face meant something to every possible theatre-goer in the United States and the British Empire."

The movie was based on Dressler's hit Tillie's Nightmare. She claimed to have cast Charlie Chaplin in the movie as her leading man, and was "proud to have had a part in giving him his first big chance." Instead of his recently invented Tramp character, Chaplin played a villainous rogue. Silent film comedian Mabel Normand also starred in the movie. Tillie's Punctured Romance was a hit with audiences, and Dressler appeared in two Tillie sequels and other comedies until 1918, when she returned to vaudeville.

In 1922, after her husband's death, Dressler and writers Helena Dayton and Louise Barrett tried to sell a script to the Hollywood studios, but were turned down. The one studio to hold a meeting with the group rejected the script, saying all the audiences wanted is "young love." The proposed co-star of Lionel Barrymore or George Arliss were rejected as "old fossils". In 1925, Dressler filmed a pair of two-reel short movies in Europe for producer Harry Reichenbach. The movies, titled the Travelaffs, were not released and were considered a failure by both Dressler and Reichenbach. Dressler announced her retirement from show business.

In early 1927, Dressler received a lifeline from director Allan Dwan. Although versions differ as to how Dressler and Dwan met, including that Dressler was contemplating suicide, Dwan offered her a part in a film he was planning to make in Florida. The film, The Joy Girl, an early color production, only provided a small part as her scenes were finished in two days, but Dressler returned to New York upbeat after her experience with the production.

Later that year, Frances Marion, a screenwriter for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studio, came to Dressler's rescue. Marion had seen Dressler in the 1925 vaudeville tour and witnessed Dressler at her professional low-point. Dressler had shown great kindness to Marion during the filming of Tillie Wakes Up in 1917, and in return, Marion used her influence with MGM's production chief Irving Thalberg to return Dressler to the screen. Her first MGM feature was The Callahans and the Murphys (1927), a rowdy silent comedy co-starring Dressler (as Ma Callahan) with another former Mack Sennett comedian, Polly Moran, written by Marion.

The film was initially a success, but the portrayal of Irish characters caused a protest in the Irish World newspaper, protests by the American Irish Vigilance Committee, and pickets outside the film's New York theatre. The film was first cut by MGM in an attempt to appease the Irish community, then eventually pulled from release after Cardinal Dougherty of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia called MGM president Nicholas Schenck. It was not shown again, and the negative and prints may have been destroyed. While the film brought Dressler to Hollywood, it did not re-establish her career. Her next appearance was a minor part in the First National film Breakfast at Sunrise. She appeared again with Moran in Bringing Up Father, another film written by Marion. Dressler returned to MGM in 1928's The Patsy as the mother of the characters played by stars Marion Davies and Jane Winton.

Hollywood was converting from silent films, but "talkies" presented no problems for Dressler, whose rumbling voice could handle both sympathetic scenes and snappy comebacks (the wisecracking stage actress in Chasing Rainbows and the dubious matron in Rudy Vallée's Vagabond Lover). Frances Marion persuaded Thalberg to give Dressler the role of Marthy in the 1930 film Anna Christie. Garbo and the critics were impressed by Dressler's acting ability, and so was MGM, which quickly signed her to a $500-per-week contract. Dressler went on to act in comedic films which were popular with movie-goers and a lucrative investment for MGM. She became Hollywood's number-one box-office attraction, and stayed on top until her death in 1934.

She also took on serious roles. For Min and Bill, with Wallace Beery, she won the 1930–31 Academy Award for Best Actress (the eligibility years were staggered at that time). She was nominated again for Best Actress for her 1932 starring role in Emma, but lost to Helen Hayes. Dressler followed these successes with more hits in 1933, including the comedy Dinner at Eight, in which she played an aging but vivacious former stage actress. Dressler had a memorable bit with Jean Harlow in the film:

Harlow: I was reading a book the other day.

Dressler: Reading a book?

Harlow: Yes, it's all about civilization or something. A nutty kind of a book. Do you know that the guy said that machinery is going to take the place of every profession?

Dressler: Oh my dear, that's something you need never worry about.

Following the release of Tugboat Annie (1933), Dressler appeared on the cover of Time, in its issue dated August 7, 1933. MGM held a huge birthday party for Dressler in 1933, broadcast live via radio. Her newly regenerated career came to an abrupt end when she was diagnosed with terminal cancer in 1934. MGM head Louis B. Mayer learned of Dressler's illness from her doctor and reportedly asked that she not be told. To keep her home, he ordered her not to travel on her vacation because he wanted to put her in a new film. Dressler was furious but complied. She appeared in more than 40 films, and achieved her greatest successes in talking pictures made during the last years of her life. The first of her two autobiographies, The Life Story of an Ugly Duckling, was published in 1924; a second book, My Own Story, "as told to Mildred Harrington," appeared a few months after her death.

Dressler's first marriage was to an American, George Francis Hoeppert (1862 – September 7, 1929), a theatrical manager. His surname is sometimes given as Hopper. The couple married on May 6, 1894, in Grace Church Rectory, Greenville, New Jersey, as biographer Matthew Kennedy wrote, under her birth name, Leila Marie Koeber,. Some sources indicate Dressler had a daughter who died as a small child, but this has not been confirmed.

Her marriage to Hoeppert gave Dressler U.S. citizenship, which was useful later in life, when immigration rules meant permits were needed to work in the United States, and Dressler had to appear before an immigration hearing. Ever since her start in the theatre, Dressler had sent a portion of her salary to her parents. Her success on Broadway meant she could afford to buy a home and later a farm on Long Island, which she shared with her parents. Dressler made several attempts to set up theatre companies or theatre productions of her own using her Broadway proceeds, but these failed and she had to declare bankruptcy several times.

In 1907, Dressler met a Maine businessman, James Henry "Jim" Dalton, who became her companion until his death [Death Record 3104-27934] on November 29, 1921, at the Congress Hotel in Chicago from diabetes. According to Dalton, the two were married in Europe in 1908. However, according to Dressler's U.S. passport application, the couple married in May 1904 in Italy.

Dressler reportedly later learned that the "minister" who had married them in Monte Carlo was actually a local man paid by Dalton to stage a fake wedding. Dalton's first wife, Lizzie Augusta Britt Dalton, claimed he had not consented to a divorce or been served divorce papers, although Dalton claimed to have divorced her in 1905. By 1921, Dalton had become an invalid due to diabetes mellitus, and watched her from the wings in his wheelchair. After his death that year, Dressler was planning for Dalton to be buried as her husband, but Lizzie Dalton had Dalton's body returned to be buried in the Dalton family plot.

After Dalton's death, which coincided with a decline in her stage career, Dressler moved into a servant's room in the Ritz Hotel to save money. Eventually, she moved in with friend Nella Webb to save on expenses. After finding work in film again in 1927, she rented a home in Hollywood on Hillside Avenue. Although Dressler was working from 1927 on, she was still reportedly living hand to mouth. In November 1928, wealthy friends Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Neurmberg gave her $10,000, explaining they planned to give her a legacy someday, but they thought she needed the money immediately. In 1929, she moved to Los Angeles to 6718 Milner Road in Whitley Heights, then to 623 North Bedford Drive in Beverly Hills, both rentals. She moved to her final home at 801 North Alpine in Beverly Hills in 1932, a home which she bought from the estate of King C. Gillette. During her seven years in Hollywood, Dressler lived with her maid Mamie Cox and later Mamie's husband Jerry.

Although atypical in size for a Hollywood star, Dressler was reported in 1931 to use the services of a "body sculptor to the stars", Sylvia of Hollywood, to keep herself at a steady weight.

Biographers Betty Lee and Matthew Kennedy document Dressler's long-standing friendship with actress Claire Du Brey, whom she met in 1928. Dressler and Du Brey's falling out in 1931 was followed by a later lawsuit by Du Brey, who had been trained as a nurse, claiming back wages as the elder woman's nurse.

On Saturday, July 28, 1934, Dressler died of cancer, aged 65, in Santa Barbara, California. After a private funeral held at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel, she was interred in a crypt in the Great Mausoleum in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California.

She left an estate worth $310,000, the bulk left to her sister Bonita.

Dressler bestowed her 1933 Duesenberg Model J automobile and $35,000 to her maid of 20 years, Mamie Steele Cox, and $15,000 to Cox's husband, Jerry R. Cox, who had served as Dressler's butler for four years. Dressler intended that the funds should be used to provide a place of comfort for black travelers, and the Coxes used the funds to open the Coconut Grove night club and adjacent tourist cabins in Savannah, Georgia, in 1936, named after the night club in Los Angeles.

Dressler's birth home in Cobourg, Ontario, is known as Marie Dressler House and is open to the public. The home was converted to a restaurant in 1937 and operated as a restaurant until 1989, when it was damaged by fire. It was restored, but did not open again as a restaurant. It was the office of the Cobourg Chamber of Commerce until its conversion to its current use as a museum about Dressler and as a visitor information office for Cobourg.[66] Each year, the Marie Dressler Foundation Vintage Film Festival is held, with screenings in Cobourg and in Port Hope, Ontario. A play about the life of Marie Dressler called "Queen Marie" was written by Shirley Barrie and produced at 4th Line Theatre in 2012 and Alumnae Theatre in 2018.

For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Dressler has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1731 Vine Street, added in 1960. After Min and Bill, Dressler and Beery added their footprints to the cement forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, with the inscription "America's New Sweethearts, Min and Bill."

Canada Post, as part of its "Canada in Hollywood" series, issued a postage stamp on June 30, 2008, to honour Marie Dressler.

Dressler is beloved in Seattle. She played in two films based on historical Seattle characters. Tugboat Annie (1933) was loosely based on Thea Foss, of Seattle. Likewise Hattie Burns, in Politics (1931), was based on Bertha Knight Landes, the first woman to become mayor of Seattle.

Dressler's 152nd birthday was commemorated in a Google Doodle on November 9, 2020.

[timegents]

The Macquarie Arms Hotel, Windsor

REVIEW: Finding a pub more than 200 years old in Australia is difficult.

In fact there are just two pubs that I know of that can lay claim to having an establishment date going back two centuries or more – Tasmania’s Hope and Anchor Tavern in Hobart and the Macquarie Arms Hotel in Windsor, NSW.

Although both these pubs continue to serve beer today, they both had periods when their taps ran dry, and they ceased operating as hotels.

The Hope and Anchor Tavern (formerly Hope and Anchor Hotel, the Alexander, the Whale Fishery and the Hope) was built in 1807, and claims to be the oldest Australian pub, having operated until 2008 when it closed for refurbishment. The Hope and Anchor reopened in 2014 after the building and its extensive antique collection were purchased by Chinese developer Kim Xing for $1.5 million.

The entrance of the Macquarie Arms Hotel facing Thompson Square

There’s some rivalry between two Tasmanian pubs for the title of Australia’s oldest watering hole though. New Norfolk’s Bush Inn claims to be the oldest Australian pub, because their venue has operated continuously since it was licensed in 1825, whereas the Hope and Anchor Tavern has had periods of closure (whilst still holding the licence) since 1807.

We’ll let them fight that one out.

Meanwhile the subject of this week’s review, the Macquarie Arms Hotel at Windsor claims the title of the oldest Australian mainland pub, after opening to the public on July 31 1815.

The bar of the Macquarie Arms Hotel

The walls of the old place were literally shaking when we stopped by the Windsor pub on Sunday. There was a band playing in the beer garden, and the place was busy serving up lunches and drinks to tourists and locals. In fact, there was a roped queue, five or six deep, waiting to be served at the bar. We grabbed our drinks and made our way upstairs, where it was a little quieter and not as busy.

The Macquarie Arms has been on my bucket list of pubs to visit for some time, so I was pleased to have ticked it off on Sunday. The pub has a fascinating history, despite incorrectly stating on its beer coasters and other signage that it is the oldest in Australia.

The Sydney Gazette reported the opening of the Windsor pub on Saturday July 22 1815:

PUBLIC NOTICE.-A large and commodious House having been some time since erected, and lately completed, at a very considerable expense, in the TOWN of WINDSOR, for an INN ; and a suitable Person having been engaged by the Proprietor for keeping the same, Notice is hereby given, that the said Inn, called “The Macquarie Arms,” and kept by Thomas Ranson, who formerly was an Innkeeper in England, will be opened for the Accommodation of the Public on Monday the 31st of this present Month of July.

Windsor, 14th July, 1815.

The pub was built by former convict and Superintendent of Government Works at Windsor, Richard Fitzgerald. He was given a grant by Governor Lachlan Macquarie to establish Windsor’s first hotel on the proviso he built a “handsome commodious inn of brick or stone” and it was “at least two stories high”.

Fitzgerald engaged Thomas Ranson, formerly an innkeeper in England, to keep the inn for him, which was officially opened by the Governor himself.

The Macquarie Arms traded as a pub until 1835 when Fitzgerald leased it to the 50th West Kent Regiment as an officers’ mess. From 1840 the buildings was used as a private residence before it was again licensed as the Royal Hotel in 1874. It traded as the Royal Hotel until 1960 when the name reverted to the Macquarie Arms.

The Macquarie Arms Hotel is like a museum in parts, but looks a little tired in parts down stairs. The additions and alterations over the years hasn’t done the pub any favours. She could do with some restoration work, although there’s plenty of historic atmosphere to be found if you explore its many rooms.

The Macquarie Arms Hotel, for the simple reason it’s mainland Australia’s oldest pub is well worth the drive to Windsor for a visit. Four out of five schooner glasses for the old girl.

Macquarie Arms Hotel, Windsor REVIEW: Finding a pub more than 200 years old in Australia is difficult. In fact there are just two pubs that I know of that can lay claim to having an establishment date going back two centuries or more – Tasmania’s Hope and Anchor Tavern in Hobart and the Macquarie Arms Hotel in Windsor, NSW.

[amtopmthoughts]

OSCARS

Legenda:

Legenda  -  Winners I have watched

Legenda  -  Winners I don’t know of

Legenda  - Winners I know of

Legenda  -  Nominees I have watched

Legenda  -  Nominees I don’t know of

Legenda  -  Nominees I know of

1927/28

BEST MOVIE

Wings

The Racket

7th Heaven

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Janet Gaynor:

for her role as Diane Angela, The Wife in 7th Heaven and Street Angel Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans

Louise Dresser:

for her role as Mrs. Pleznik in A Ship Comes In

Gloria Swanson:

for her role as Sadie Thompson in Sadie Thompson

1928/29

BEST MOVIE

The Broadway Melody

Alibi

Hollywood Revue

In Old Arizona

The Patriot

= 0

Mary Pickford:

for her role as Norma Besant in Coquette

Ruth Chatterton: 

for her role as Jacqueline Floriot in Madame X

Betty Compson:

for her role as Carrie in The Barker

Jeanne Eagels:

for her role as Leslie Crosbie in The Letter

Corinne Griffith:

for her role as Emma Hamilton in The Divine Lady

Bessie Love:

for her role as Hank Mahoney in The Broadway Melody

1929/30

BEST MOVIE

All Quiet on the Western Front

The Big House

Disraeli

The Divorcee

The Love Parade

= 0

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Jerry Bernard Martin in The Divorcee

Nancy Carroll:

for her role as Hallie Hobart in The Devil’s Holiday

Ruth Chatterton:

for her role as Sarah Storm in Sarah and Son

Greta Garbo:

for her role as Anna Christie/Madame Rita Cavallini in Anna Christie Romance

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Lucia Marlett in Their Own Desire

Gloria Swanson:

for her role as Marion Donnell in The Trespasser

1930/31

BEST MOVIE

Cimarron

East Lynne

The Front Page

Skippy

Trader Horn

= 0

Marie Dressler:

for her role as Min Divot in Min and Bill

Marlene Dietrich:

for her role as Mademoiselle Amy Jolly in Morocco

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Sabra Cravat in Cimarron

Ann Harding:

for her role as Linda Seton in Holiday

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Jan Ashe in A Free Soul

1931/32

BEST MOVIE

Grand Hotel

Arrowsmith

Bad Girl

The Champ

Five Star Final

One Hour with You

Shanghai Express

The Smiling Lieutenant

= 0

Helen Hayes:

for her role as Madelon Claudet in The Sin of Madelon Claudet

Marie Dressler:

for her role as Emma Thatcher Smith in Emma

Lynn Fontanne:

for her role as The Actress in The Guardsman

1932/33

BEST MOVIE

Cavalcade

42nd Street

A Farewell to Arms

I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang

Lady for a Day

Little Women

The Private Life of Henry VIII

She Done Him Wrong

Smilin’ Through

State Fair

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Katharine Hepburn:

for her role as Eva Lovelace in Morning Glory

May Robson:

for her role as Apple Annie in Lady for a Day

Diana Wynyard:

for her role as Jane Marryot in Cavalcade

1934

BEST MOVIE

It Happened One Night

The Barretts of Wimpole Street

Cleopatra

Flirtation Walk

The Gay Divorcee

Here Comes the Navy

The House of Rothschild

Imitation of Life

One Night of Life

The Thin Man

Viva Villa!

The White Parade

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Claudette Colbert:

for her role as Ellie Andrews in It Happened One Night

Grace Moore:

for her role as Mary Barrett in One Night of Love

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Elizabeth Barrett in The Barrett of Wimpole Street

Bette Davis:

for her role as Mildred Rogers in Of Human Bondage

1935

BEST MOVIE

Munity on the Bounty

Alice Adams

Broadway Melody of 1936

Captain Blood

David Copperfield

The Informer

The Lives of a Bengal Lancer

A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Les Misérables

Naughty Marietta

Rugs of Red Gap

Top Hat

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Bette Davis:

for her role as Joyce Heath in Dangerous

Elisabeth Bergner:

for her role as Gemma Jones in Escape Me Never

Claudette Colbert:

for her role as Jane Everest in Private Words

Katharine Hepburn:

for her role as Alice Adams in Alice Adams

Miriam Hopkins:

for her role as Becky Sharp in Becky Sharp

Merle Oberon:

for her role as Kitty Vane in The Dark Angel

1936

BEST MOVIE

The Great Ziegfeld

Anthony Adverse

Dodsworth

Libeled Lady

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

Romeo and Juliet

San Francisco

The Story of Louis Pasteur

A Tale of Two Cities

Three Smart Girls

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Luise Rainer:

for her role as Anna Held in The Great Ziegfeld

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Theodora Lynn in Theodora Goes Wild

Gladys George:

for her role as Carrie Snyder in Valiant is the Word for Carrie

Carole Lombard:

for her role as Irene Bullock in My Man Godfey

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Juliet Capulet in Romeo and Juliet

1937

BEST MOVIE

The Life of Emile Zola

The Awful Truth

Captain Courageous

Dead End

The Good Earth

In Old Chicago

Lost Horizon

One Hundred Men and a Girl

Stage Door

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Luise Rainer:

for her role as O-Lan in The Good Earth

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Lucy Warriner in The Awful Truth

Greta Garbo:

for her role as Marguerite Gautier in Camille

Janet Gaynor:

for her role as Esther Victoria Blodgett/Vicki Lester in A Star is Born

Barbara Stanwyck:

for her role as Stella Martin Dallas in Stella Dallas

1938

BEST MOVIE

You Can’t Take It With You

The Adventures of Robin Hood

Alexander’s Ragtime Band

Boys Town

The Citadel

Four Daughters

Grand Illusion

Jezebel

Pygmalion

Test Pilot

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Bette Davis:

for her role as Julie Marsden in Jezebel

Fay Bainter:

for her role as Hannah Parmalee in White Banners

Wendy Hiller:

for her role as Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Marie Antoinette in Marie Antoinette

Margaret Sullavan:

for her role as Patricia “Pat” Hollmann in Three Comrades

1939

BEST MOVIE

Gone With The Wind

Dark Victory

Goodbye, Mr. Chips

Love Affair

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Ninotchka

Of Mice and Men

Stagecoach

The Wizard of Oz

Wuthering Heights

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Vivien Leigh:

for her role as Scarlett O’Hara in Gone with the Wind

Bette Davis:

for her role as Judith Traherne in Dark Victory

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Terry McKay in Love Affair

Greta Garbo:

for her role as Nina Yakushnova “Ninotchka” Ivanoff” in Ninotchka

Greer Garson:

for her role as Katherine Bridges in Goodbye, Mr. Chips

1940

BEST MOVIE

Rebecca

All This, and Heaven Too

Foreign Correspondent

The Grapes of Wrath

The Great Dictator

Kitty Foyle

The Letter

The Long Voyage Home

Our Town

The Philadelphia Story

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Ginger Rogers:

for her role as Kitty Foyle in Kitty Foyle

Bette Davis:

for her role as Leslie Crosbie in The Letter

Joan Fontaine:

for her role as The Second Mrs. de Winter in Rebecca

Katharine Hepburn:

for her role as Tracy Lord in The Philadelphia Story

Martha Scott:

for her role as Emily Webb in Our Town

1941

BEST MOVIE

How Green Was My Valley

Blossoms in the Dust

Citizen Kane

Here Comes Mr. Jordan

Hold Back the Dawn

The Little Foxes

The Maltese Falcon

One Foot in Heaven

Sargeant York

Suspicion

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Joan Fontaine:

for her role as Lina McLaidlaw Aysgarth in Suspicion

Bette Davis:

for her role as Regina Giddens, The Little Foxes

Olivia de Havilland:

Emmy Brown, Hold Back the Dawn

Greer Garson, Blossoms in the Dust

Barbara Stanwyck, Ball of Fire

1942

BEST MOVIE

Mrs. Miniver

The Invaders

Kings Row

The Magnificent Ambersons

The Pied Piper

The Pride of the Yankees

Random Harvest

The Talk of the Town

Wake Island

Yankee Doodle Dandy

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Greer Garson, Mrs. Miniver

Bette Davis, Now, Voyager

Katharine Hepburn, Woman of the Year

Rosalind Russel, My Sister Eileen

Teresa Wright, The Pride of the Yankees

1943

BEST MOVIE

Casablanca

For Whom the Bell Tolls

Heaven Can Wait

The Human Comedy

In Which We Serve

Madame Curie

The More the Merrier

The Ox-Bow Incident

The Song of Bernadette

Watch on the Rhine

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Jennifer Jones, The Song of Bernadette

Jean Arthur, The More the Merrier

Ingrid Bergman, For Whom the Bell Tolls

Joan Fontaine, The Constant Nymph

Greer Garson, Madame Curie

1944

BEST MOVIE

Going My Way

Double Indemnity

Gaslight

Since You Went Away

Wilson

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight

Claudette Colbert, Since You Went Away

1945

BEST MOVIE

The Lost Weekend

Anchors Aweigh

The Bells of St. Mary’s

Mildred Pierce

Spellbound

= 0

1946

BEST MOVIE

The Best Years of Our Lives

Henry V

= 0

1947

BEST MOVIE

Gentleman’s Agreement

The Bishop’s Wife

Crossfire

Great Expectations

Miracle on 34th Street

= 0

1948

BEST MOVIE

Hamlet

Johnny Belinda

The Red Shoes

The Snake Pit

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre

= 0

1949

BEST MOVIE

All the King’s Men

Battleground

The Heiress

A Letter to Three Wives

Twelve O’Clock High

= 0

1950

BEST MOVIE

All About Eve

Born Yesterday

Father of the Bride

King Solomon’s Mines

Sunset Boulevard

= 0

1951

BEST MOVIE

An American In Paris

Decision Before Dawn

A Place in the Sun

Quo Vadis

A Streetcar Named Desire

= 0

1952

BEST MOVIE

The Greatest Show on Earth

High Noon

Ivanhoe

Moulin Rouge

The Quiet Man

= 0

1953

BEST MOVIE

From Here to Eternity

Julius Caesar

The Robe

Roman Holiday

Shane

= 1

1954

BEST MOVIE

On The Waterfront

The Caine Mutiny

The Country Girl

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers

Three Coins in the Fountain

= 0

1955

BEST MOVIE

Marty

Love is a Many-Splendored Thing

Mister Roberts

Picnic

The Rose Tattoo

= 0

1956

BEST MOVIE

Around the World in 80 Days

Friendly Persuasion

Giant

The King and I

The Ten Commandments

= 0

1957

BEST MOVIE

The Bridge On The River Kwai

12 Angry Men

Peyton Place

Sayonara

Witness for the Prosecution

= 0

1958

BEST MOVIE

Gigi

Auntie Mame

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

The Defiant Ones

Separate Tables

= 0

1959

BEST MOVIE

Ben-Hur

Anatomy of a Murder

The Diary of Anne Frank

The Nun’s Story

Room at the Top

= 0

1960

BEST MOVIE

The Apartment

The Alamo

Elmer Gantry

Sons and Lovers

The Sundowners

= 0

1961

BEST MOVIE

West Side Story

Fanny

The Guns of Navarone

The Hustler

Judgment at Nuremberg

= 1

1962

BEST MOVIE

Lawrence of Arabia

The Longest Day

The Music Man

Mutiny on the Bounty

To Kill a Mockingbird

= 0

1963

BEST MOVIE

Tom Jones

America America

Cleopatra

How the West Was Won

Lilies of the Field

= 0

1964

BEST MOVIE

My Fair Lady

Becket

Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb

Mary Poppins

Zorba the Greek

= 1

1965

BEST MOVIE

The Sound of Music

Darling

Doctor Zhivago

Ship of Fools

A Thousand Clowns

= 1

1966

BEST MOVIE

A Man for All Seasons

Alfie

The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming

The Sand Pebbles

Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf

= 0

1967

BEST MOVIE

In the Heat of the Night

Bonnie and Clyde

Doctor Dolittle

The Graduate

Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner

= 0

1968

Oliver!

Funny Girl

The Lion in Winter

Rachel, Rachel

Romeo and Juliet

= 1

1969

BEST MOVIE

Midnight Cowboy

Anne of the Thousand Days

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

Hello, Dolly!

Z

= 0

1970

BEST MOVIE

Patton

Airport

Five Easy Pieces

Love Story

M*A*S*H

= 0

1971

BEST MOVIE

The French Connection

A Clockwork Orange

Fiddler on the Roof

The Last Picture

Nicholas and Alexandra

= 0

1972

BEST MOVIE

The Godfather

Cabaret

Deliverance

The Emigrants

Sounder

= 0

1973

BEST MOVIE

The Sting

American Graffitti

Cries and Whispers

The Exorcist

A Touch of Class

= 0

1974

 BEST MOVIE

The Godfather Part II

Chinatown

The Conversation

Lenny

The Towering Inferno

= 0

1975

BEST MOVIE

One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest

Barry Lyndon

Dog Day Afternoon

Jaws

Nashville

= 0

1976

BEST MOVIE

Rocky

All the President’s Men

Bound for Glory

Network

Taxi Driver

= 0

1977

BEST MOVIE

Annie Hall

The Goodbye Girl

Julia

Star Wars

The Turning Point

= 0

1978

BEST MOVIE

The Deer Hunter

Coming Home

Heaven Can Wait

Midnight Express

An Unmarried Woman

= 0

1979

BEST MOVIE

Kraver vs. Kramer

All That Jazz

Apocalypse Now

Breaking Away

Norma Rae

= 1

1980

BEST MOVIE

Ordinary People

Coal Miner’s Daughter

The Elephant Man

Raging Bull

Tess

= 0

1981

BEST MOVIE

Chariots of Fire

Atlantic City

On Golden Pond

Raiders of the Lost Ark

Reds

= 0

1982

BEST MOVIE

Ghandi

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial

Missing

Tootsie

The Verdict

= 1

1983

BEST MOVIE

Terms of Endearment

The Big Chill

The Dresser

The Right Stuff

Tender Mercies

= 0

1984

BEST MOVIE

Amadeus

The Killing Fields

A Passage to India

Places in the Heart

A Soldier’s Story

= 0

1985

BEST MOVIE

Out of Africa

The Color Purple

Kiss of the Spider Woman

Prizzi’s Honor

Witness

= 0

1986

BEST MOVIE

Platoon

Children of a Lesser God

Hannah and Her Sisters

The Mission

A Room with a View

= 0

1987

BEST MOVIE

The Last Emperor

Broadcast News

Fatal Attraction

Hope and Glory

Moonstruck

= 2

1988

BEST MOVIE

Rain Man

The Accidental Tourist

Dangerous Liaisons

Mississipi Burning

Working Girl

= 0

1989

BEST MOVIE

Driving Miss Daisy

Born on the Fourth of July

Dead Poets Society

Field of Dreams

My Left Foot

= 1

1990

BEST MOVIE

Dances with Wolves

Awakenings

Ghost

The Godfather III

Goodfellas

= 1

1991

BEST MOVIE

The Silence of the Lambs

Beauty and the Beast

Bugsy

JFK

The Prince of Tides

= 1

1992

BEST MOVIE

Unforgiven

The Crying Game

A Few Good Men

Howards End

Scent of a Woman

= 0

1993

BEST MOVIE

Schindler’s List

The Fugitive

In the Name of the Father

The Piano

The Remains of the Day

= 1

1994

BEST MOVIE

Forrest Gump

Four Weddings and a Funeral

Pulp Fiction

Quiz Show

The Shawshank Redemption

= 3

1995

BEST MOVIE

Braveheart

Apollo 13

Babe

The Postman (Il Postino)

Sense and Sensibility

= 4

1996

BEST MOVIE

The English Patient

Fargo

Jerry McGuire

Secrets & Lies

Shine

= 0

1997

BEST MOVIE

Titanic

As Good as it Gets

The Full Monty

Good Will Hunting

L.A. Confidential

= 3

1998

BEST MOVIE

Shakespeare in Love

Elizabeth

Life is Beautiful

Saving Private Ryan

The Thin Red Line

= 3

1999

BEST MOVIE

American Beauty

The Cider House Rules

The Green Mile

The Insider

The Sixth Sense

= 1

2000

BEST MOVIE

Gladiator

Chocolat

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

Erin Brokovich

Traffic

= 3

2001

BEST MOVIE

A Beautiful Mind

Gosfrod Park

In the Bedroom

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

Moulin Rouge!

= 1

2002

BEST MOVIE

Chicago

Gangs of New York

The Hours

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

The Pianist

= 1

2003

BEST MOVIE

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

Lost in Translation

Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World

Mystic River

Seabiscuit

= 0

2004

BEST MOVIE

Million Dollar Baby

The Aviator

Finding Neverland

Ray

Sideways

= 1

2005

BEST MOVIE

Crash

Brokeback Mountain

Capote

Good Night, and Good Luck

Munich

= 0

2006

BEST MOVIE

The Departed

Babel

Letters from Iwo Jima

Little Miss Sunshine

The Queen

= 2

2007

BEST MOVIE

No Country for Old Men

Atonement

Juno

Michael Clayton

There Will Be Blood

= 1

2008

BEST MOVIE

Slumdog Millionaire

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

Frost/Nixon

Milk

The Reader

= 1

2009

BEST MOVIE

The Hurt Locker

Avatar

The Blind Side

District 9

An Education

Inglorious Basterds

Precious: Based on the Novel “Push” by Saphire

A Serious Man

Up

Up in the Air

= 4

2010

BEST MOVIE

The King’s Speech

127 Hours

Black Swan

The Fighter

Inception

The Kids Are All Right

The Social Network

Toy Story 3

True Grit

Winter’s Bone

= 5

2011

BEST MOVIE

The Artist

The Descendants

Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close

The Help

Hugo

Midnight in Paris

Moneyball

The Tree of Life

War Horse

= 3

2012

BEST MOVIE

Argo

Amour

Beasts of the Southern Wild

Django Unchained

Les Miserábles

Life of Pi

Lincoln

Silver Linings Playbook

Zero Dark Thirty

= 4

2013

BEST MOVIE

12 Years a Slave

American Hustle

Captain Philips

Dallas Buyers Club

Gravity

Her

Nebraska

Philomena

The Wolf of Wall Street

= 4

2014

BEST MOVIE

Birdman

American Sniper

Boyhood

The Grand Budapest Hotel

The Imitation Game

Selma

The Theory of Everything

Whiplash

= 2

2015

BEST MOVIE

Spotlight

The Big Short

Bridge of Spies

Brooklyn

Mad Max: Fury Road

The Martian

The Revenant

Room

= 3

BEST ACTRESS:

Brie Larson, Room

Cate Blanchett, Carol

Jennifer Lawrence, Joy

Charlotte Rampling, 45 Years

Saoirse, Brooklyn

2016

BEST MOIVE

Moonlight

La La Land

Arrival

Fences

Hacksaw Ridge

Hell or High Water

Hidden Figures

Lion

Manchester by the Sea

= 5

BEST ACTRESS:

Emma Stone, La La Land

Isabelle Huppert, Elle

Ruth Negga, Loving

Natalie Portman, Jackie

Meryl Streep, Florence Foster Jenkins

2017

BEST MOVIE

The Shape of Water

Lady Bird

Call Me by Your Name

Get Out

Darkest Hour

Dunkirk

Phantom Thread

The Post

Three Billboards Outside Ebbig, Missouri

= 4

BEST ACTRESS:

Frances McDormand, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

Sally Hawkins, The Shape of Water

Margot Robbie, I, Tonya

Saoirse Ronan, Lady Bird

Meryl Streep, The Post

TOTAL = 71/

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.7

70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. 1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. 1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf: Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf. 1228 – Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II lands in Acre, Israel, and starts the Sixth Crusade, which results in a peaceful restoration of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1303 – Guillaume de Nogaret takes Pope Boniface VIII prisoner on behalf of Philip IV of France. 1571 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. 1620 – The town of Kokkola (Swedish: Karleby) was founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. 1652 – Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan. 1695 – Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end all English trading in India. 1706 – War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to the withdrawal of French forces from North Italy. 1764 – Election of Stanisław August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1776 – According to American colonial reports, Ezra Lee makes the world's first submarine attack in the Turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle in New York Harbor (no British records of this attack exist). 1778 – American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war. 1812 – French invasion of Russia: The Battle of Borodino, the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, is fought near Moscow and results in a French victory. 1818 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim. 1822 – Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo. 1856 – The Saimaa Canal was inaugurated. 1857 – Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train. 1860 – Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples. 1863 – American Civil War: Union troops under Quincy A. Gillmore capture Fort Wagner in Morris Island after a 7-week siege. 1864 – American Civil War: Atlanta is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1876 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens. 1901 – The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty (modern-day China) officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol. 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France successfully for the first time. 1907 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England, to New York City. 1909 – Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft. 1911 – French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. 1916 – US federal employees win the right to Workers' compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751) 1920 – Two newly purchased Savoia flying boats crash in the Swiss Alps en route to Finland where they were to serve with the Finnish Air Force, killing both crews. 1921 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America Pageant, a two-day event, is held. 1921 – The Legion of Mary, the largest apostolic organization of lay people in the Catholic Church, is founded in Dublin, Ireland. 1923 – The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is formed. 1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth. 1929 – Steamer Kuru capsizes and sinks on Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere in Finland. One hundred thirty-six lives are lost. 1932 – The Battle of Boquerón, the first major battle of the Chaco War, commences. 1936 – The last thylacine, a carnivorous marsupial named Benjamin, dies alone in its cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania. 1940 – Romania returns Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova. 1940 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe begins the Blitz, bombing London and other British cities for over 50 consecutive nights. 1942 – World War II: Japanese marines are forced to withdraw during the Battle of Milne Bay. 1943 – A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston kills 55 people. 1943 – World War II: The German 17th Army begins its evacuation of the Kuban bridgehead (Taman Peninsula) in southern Russia and moves across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea. 1945 – World War II: Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since December 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines. 1945 – The Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 is held. 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. 1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members. 1965 – During an Indo-Pakistani War, China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border. 1965 – Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula. 1970 – Fighting begins between Arab guerrillas and government forces in Jordan. 1970 – Vietnam Television was established. 1977 – The Torrijos–Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century. 1977 – The 300-metre-tall CKVR-DT transmission tower in Barrie, Ontario, Canada, is hit by a light aircraft in a fog, causing it to collapse. All aboard the aircraft are killed. 1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Gullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella. 1979 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for US$1.5 billion to avoid bankruptcy. 1981 – British plantation company, Guthrie was taken over by the Malaysian government after successfully purchasing shares to become the major shareholder. This is famously called the 'Dawn Raid attack'. 1984 – An explosion on board a Maltese patrol boat disposing of illegal fireworks at sea off Gozo kills seven soldiers and policemen. 1986 – Desmond Tutu becomes the first black man to lead the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town. 1988 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan in space, returns to Earth after nine days on the Mir space station. 1996 – Rapper and hip hop artist Tupac Shakur is fatally shot in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. He succumbs to his injuries six days later. 1997 – Maiden flight of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. 1999 – The 6.0 Mw  Athens earthquake affected the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless. 2005 – Egypt holds its first-ever multi-party presidential election. 2008 – The United States government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. 2010 – A Chinese fishing trawler collided with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats in disputed waters near the Senkaku Islands. 2011 – A plane crash in Russia kills 43 people, including nearly the entire roster of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Kontinental Hockey League team. 2012 – Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over nuclear plans and purported human rights abuses. 2017 – The 8.2 Mw  2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes southern Mexico, killing at least 60 people. 2017 – Equifax announce a cyber-crime identity theft event potentially impacting approximately 1451⁄2 million U.S. consumers. 2019 – Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between Ukraine and Russia.

[awhilesince]

Thursday, 11 February 1830

9 3/4

1 1/4

Dr Tupper called as he often does on my aunt at this time of morning – went in to thank him for his book – at 10 3/4 – He had just been telling my aunt that it was in the papers this morning that Lord Graves had cut his throat – my aunt shocked – said I had never mentioned the thing to her at all – should have been if it could have been hushed up – there were private circumstances which aggravated the case – Poor Lord G– (Graves)! at the time he was so ably but quietly advocating the duke’s cause to me at Aix la Chapelle and Brussels, the duke was heaping on him the deadliest injury! – But as Dr T– (Tupper) observed this will only make him more unpopular than ever – said it was odd I had not heard from Mrs Barlow – It seems she wrote to Mr Delisle from Nice – hoped to see Dr T– (Tupper) – some evening soon, saying he knew Captain and Mrs Droz – must ask them all – 

breakfast over at 11 20/60  – wrote the above of today – read over my letter written last night to IN (Isabella Norcliffe) – chit chat – mentioned having received at Laffittes 287/. for her stays earrings and Mrs James Dalton’s veil – speak handsomely of the Poore’s – think him 

“very gentlemanly and does not give me at all the idea of being guilty of intentional rudeness to anyone – there must have been some mistake about his not speaking to you in Bath – I certainly did happen to meet them at our ambassador’s; but as it happened to be at the ball, and not at one of the more private soirées, to all of which however, Lady S– (Stuart) de R– (Rothesay) had been good enough to invite me, I cannot fancy there was to be attributed to the men local of our meeting any such influence as you imagine – I think Lady P– (Poore) a very nice person –

she had been remarkably civil to me even tho I have not yet told her she was inquired about in a letter I had the other day from a person whose remembrance  tho slight she would probably not dislike   I mean Miss Hobart Miss MacLeans niece  Lord Buckinghamshires ssister  there is all the finery that I have written conclude with love to all 

“and tell them I am determined that, by hook or by crook, I will not be forgotten” – …. good night my dearest Sibbella – Ever very faithfully and affectionately yours AL– Anne Lister”

speak of Mrs James Dalton 3 times and always in the letter as aunt Maria – at 12 5/60 off to Captain Hall’s – the honourable Captain de Rous there RN– (Royal Navy) and his friend Captain commander R.N. (Royal Navy), Langford – the former had been buying, Quai Voltaire he said between the Pont des Arts, and neuf, some little etchings which he believed to be Rembrandt’s – has 6 of them – had given 2 francs for one of them – they were worth 10/. a piece – he is collector – quite understands Rembrandt’s etchings – a thickish 8vo (octavo) published describing them all – both the 2 RN–s (Royal Navys) gentlemanly – they went away about 1 1/2  – I unluckily asked Captain H– (Hall) to sketch me as he had done Captain L– (Langford) sat 3 times without intermission from 1 40/60 to 2 1/2 for 3 miserable attempts no more like me than like Captain H– (Hall) himself – of course, I said all I could for them – that there was the character of myself etc. etc. tired of death of so wasting my time, but said it with good grace; for after the 1st attempt, he said he got quite into the thing and wished me to sit again – 

home at 2 3/4 – wrote the last 8 lines – said I thought I should not go to the ball   in fact I have no one to go with would not ask the Halls to go with them   they would rather be entoures by Lady Hislop etc. than me and I should never think of the Halls but in dire necessity – I care not for the ball but shall be glad to have a companion by and by – 1/4 hour nap in my chair till 4 – my day, how wasted! Dressing – dawdling over 1 thing or other – Forest to have come at 4 3/4 – not come at 5, so sent for the coiffeur that live’s  Monsieur Senés house place neuve de la Madeleine no 2 – 

got to the Pringles (Hotel du Mont Blanc rue de la paix no 25) at 6 – a Mrs Alexander and Miss Hill there – by and by came the 2 Misses Pringle, then the bride and bridegroom Mr and Mrs P– Pringle – sat down and dinner (12) at 6 50/60 – 3 silver covered dishes each – only one soup I think, and at the bottom – this removed and soles top and a large “truite saumonée” salmon trout at the bottom – these were removed and nothing replaced them – the side dishes which had waited all this time were of course quite cold – there were petits patés, and lamb cotelettes, and a large standing pie like, looking paté called a volauvent, and a piled up in steps dish like a hash of calve’s head the large pieces of tongue forming a prominent part, and a mould of something like savoury jelly or brawn, and I did not see the other thing – Bordeaux, Sauterne, and champagne white and red – waited a long time after the fish was removed – the host and hostess not asking anybody to have anything and the servants not handing things round – at these was a partial attempt at the latter and Mr P– (Pringle) invited all to have volauvent the dish that was misplaced and brought to him to serve – waited for the 2nd course – Dindon aux Truffes top, a large dish full (6 or 8, woodcocks bottom – 2 jellies (reddish) and yellow à l’ordinaire) each side middle and all 4 corners vegetables – stewed celery, Brussels sprouts, Epinards, and something else – pommes de terre à la maître d’hotel for they were handing round and Mr P– (Pringle) ate them with his woodcock – at Dessert the 2 jellies removed – a cream top and ice bottom (but somehow before the ice came Mr P– (Pringle) had a Charlotte Russe of which I ate – not good –) – and apples and sweet biscuits and gateaux etc. for dessert – an expensive, cold, not good dinner – but everbody talked and played the agreeable and all went off well – Mrs P– (Pringle) tho’ sat inanimate – seeming to make no play neither as to conversation nor anything else – a fine woman with lately a heat in her face that appears to spoil beauty – she seems quiet, and amiable, but not to have much in her – it was about 9 when we left table – Mr and Mrs and the 2 Misses P– (Pringle), Captain and Mrs and Miss Hall, Mrs Alexander, Miss Hill and Lord St. Clare or Sinclair, and Mr Ogelvie Sir something Ogelvie’s son obliged to come home on leave of absence from India on account of his health and myself = 12 – a soirée after dinner – ladies to the amount of 24 or 25 and a few gentlemen altogether about 30 – filled the salon sufficiently – the P–s (Pringles) going tomorrow morning at 11 –expressed all civil regrets – talked to a Mrs Gowan, and Lord Sinclair, and the Halls, and much to Mr P– (Pringle) and his sister – their mother 2nd cousin to Lady Hardwick, and young Mrs P– (Pringle) cousin of some sort to Lady S– (Stuart) de R– (Rothesay) Mr P–‘s (Pringle’s) father that I used to know at Mr Duffin’s died in 1827 – his place 5 miles from Selkirk, 4 miles from Abbotsford and Sir Walter Scott – Mr P– (Pringle) hoped to see me there – would shew me all the lions – the Misses P– (Pringle) and their mother have bought a house 46 Charlotte square Edinborough and hope to see me – beg me to consider it a home they fancied me quite an old acquaintance – talked a little to Mrs P– Pringle at the end of the evening – seemingly a very quiet, good person – all the party came away about the same time – home at 11 – 

note of invitation to dine at the embassy tomorrow – the servant who brought the note wanted an immediate answer, but impossible as I was gone out to dinner – wrote and sent George immediately with the following 

“Miss Lister se fera l’honneur de diner chez l’ambassadeur d’angleterre et Lady Stuart de Rothesay vendredi prochain 12 Fevrier à six heures et demie”

directed “the Lady Stuart de Rothesay” – 

sat talking to my aunt 1/2 hour and came to my room at 11 40/60 – spoke to Cameron about its being indispensable for me to have someone to dress my hair – should be glad if she could manage it and suit me – if not it would be no fault on her part as I was quite sure she always did the best she could –, and I was with Mrs Lawton and Mrs Belcombe and her family do the best I could to get her a place – the man thus waiting said she would require perhaps 15 less at 3/. each and 25 or 30 sols for a person of whose to make a block for practising on – she must consider whether she would be at this expense – of course, I could not pay for her learning her business, but would raise her wages if she could dress my hair, and suit me better –

thinking much of being asked to dine at the embassy thankful to god for all his blessings and praying that I might never on any occasion forget my gratitude to the author of all good   my first impression was to kneel down and be thankful    oh that I may always think first to thank god for all his blessings – 

while dressing this afternoon came note from Mr Lindley enclosing letter 2 3/4 pages from Miss MacLean to introduce this Mr Lindley (Augustus Frederick) 

“a very particular friend of my aunt Machan’s who has requested me to introduce Mr Lindley to you – he is grandson of the Lady Elizabeth Murray who was daughter to the duke of Athole, so that he is cousin to the present duke – my aunt mentions that he is intimately acquainted with president Polignac – and perhaps you can tell him the best mode of introduction to Lord and Lady Stuart de Rothesay but as my aunt also says he is going to Paris expressively to visit the Royal family – I should think his introduction sufficient – he will tell you how I look – I have not the pleasure of his acquaintance yesterday being the 1st day I ever saw him” 

…..!!! I immediately wrote a note back by his servant to say I was sorry I was not at home yesterday but should be at home any time between 12 and 2 today and should be glad to see him – he said in his note he should be glad to call any Time I would appoint – his note dated “Hotel de Lille et d’Albion“ – after undressing sat musing a little – Dr T– (Tupper) said this morning Fahrenheit had been at 31° Fahrenheit out my window at 36 at 10 a.m. and about 31° I think on coming to my room tonight –

left margin: Miss MacL–‘s (Maclean’s) letter Saturday the 3rd instant ”Mrs Lawton sat for some time with me on Monday – I never saw her looking so well, so fat, and rosy – and the picture of happiness so cheerful – she talks of paying you a visit soon” !!!

(SH:7/ML/E/12/0162) (SH:7/ML/E/12/0163)

[ifreakingloveroyals]

Through the Years → Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (168/∞)

25 October 2006 | His Royal Highness The Prince of Orange (L) and Her Royal Highness Maxima of The Netherlands attend a reception at the Henry Jones Art Hotel with members of the Dutch community on the third day of their 13 day tour of Australia and New Zealand, in Hobart, Australia. The Royal couple are due to tour Canberra, Sydney, the Northern Territory and Tasmania during the visit, which marks 400 years since the first recorded Europeans arrived in Australia on board a Dutch ship in 1606. (Photo by Kristian Dowling/Getty Images)

[nedcollette]

NC Australian shows start this weekend (extra solo show announced Jan 21)

January 13 & 14 Hobart, Museum Of Old And New Art, 1–3pm A special solo installation performance over two afternoons in the Nolan Gallery, featuring an abstraction of song and improvisation-based work over two sets

January 18 Melbourne, The Gasometer Under the open roof, and featuring...

Ben Bourke - bass Biddy Connor - viola and voice Alex Garsden - electric guitar Judith Hamann - cello and voice James Rushford - keyboards, viola Joe Talia - drums Lizzy Welsh - violin Very special guests ORA CLEMENTI and OTHER PLACES Presented by It Records – tickets available now

January 21 Melbourne, Grace Darling Hotel Solo song based set, between Little Desert and Taipan Tiger Girls. 4:30pm, FREE ENTRY

January 23

Melbourne, Make It Up Club 20th Anniversary Festival An instrumental collaboration with Alexander Garsden, Elizabeth Welsh, Joe Talia, Aviva Endean, and James Rushford

January 24 Sydney, the NOW now Festival In improvised collaboration with Steve Heather, Judith Hamann & Chris Abrahams

January 25 Sydney, Golden Age Cinema A special free entry solo song-based show. With guests Only the Lonely, the new project of Loni Cooper (Terza Madre) and Brett Thompson (Rand & Holland) Presented by It Records

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.7

70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. 1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. 1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf: Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf. 1228 – Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II lands in Acre, Israel, and starts the Sixth Crusade, which results in a peaceful restoration of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1303 – Guillaume de Nogaret takes Pope Boniface VIII prisoner on behalf of Philip IV of France. 1571 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. 1652 – Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan. 1695 – Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end all English trading in India. 1706 – War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to the withdrawal of French forces from North Italy. 1764 – Election of Stanisław August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1776 – According to American colonial reports, Ezra Lee makes the world's first submarine attack in the Turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle in New York Harbor (no British records of this attack exist). 1778 – American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war. 1812 – French invasion of Russia: The Battle of Borodino, the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, was fought near Moscow and resulted in a French victory. 1818 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim. 1822 – Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo. 1857 – Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train. 1860 – Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples. 1863 – American Civil War: Union troops under Quincy A. Gillmore captures Fort Wagner in Morris Island after a 7-week siege. 1864 – American Civil War: Atlanta is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1876 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens. 1901 – The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty (modern-day China) officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol. 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France for the first time successfully. 1907 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England, to New York City. 1909 – Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft. 1911 – French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. 1916 – US federal employees win the right to Workers' compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751) 1920 – Two newly purchased Savoia flying boats crash in the Swiss Alps en route to Finland where they would serve with the Finnish Air Force, killing both crews. 1921 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America Pageant, a two-day event, is held. 1921 – The Legion of Mary, the largest apostolic organization of lay people in the Catholic Church, is founded in Dublin, Ireland. 1923 – The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is formed. 1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth. 1929 – Steamer Kuru capsizes and sinks on Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere in Finland. One hundred thirty-six lives are lost. 1932 – The Battle of Boquerón, the first major battle of the Chaco War, commences. 1936 – The last thylacine, a carnivorous marsupial named Benjamin, dies alone in its cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania. 1940 – Romania returns Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova. 1940 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe begins the Blitz, bombing London and other British cities for over 50 consecutive nights. 1942 – World War II: Japanese marines are forced to withdraw during the Battle of Milne Bay. 1943 – A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston kills 55 people. 1943 – World War II: The German 17th Army begins its evacuation of the Kuban bridgehead (Taman Peninsula) in southern Russia and moves across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea. 1945 – World War II: Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since December 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines. 1945 – The Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 is held. 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. 1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members. 1965 – During an Indo-Pakistani War, China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border. 1965 – Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula. 1970 – Fighting begins between Arab guerrillas and government forces in Jordan. 1970 – Bill Shoemaker beats Johnny Longden's record to become the winningest jockey in horse racing history at Del Mar racetrack 1977 – The Torrijos–Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century. 1977 – The 300-metre-tall CKVR-DT transmission tower in Barrie, Ontario, Canada, is hit by a light aircraft in a fog, causing it to collapse. All aboard the aircraft are killed. 1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Gullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella. 1979 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for US$1.5 billion to avoid bankruptcy. 1981 – British plantation company, Guthrie was taken over by the Malaysian government after successfully purchasing shares to become the major shareholder. This is famously called the 'Dawn Raid attack'. 1984 – An explosion on board a Maltese patrol boat disposing of illegal fireworks at sea off Gozo kills seven soldiers and policemen. 1986 – Desmond Tutu becomes the first black man to lead the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town. 1988 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan in space, returns to Earth after nine days on the Mir space station. 1996 – Rapper and hip hop artist Tupac Shakur is fatally shot in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. He succumbs to his injuries six days later. 1997 – Maiden flight of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. 1999 – The 6.0 Mw  Athens earthquake affected the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless. 2005 – Egypt holds its first-ever multi-party presidential election. 2008 – The United States government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. 2010 – A Chinese fishing trawler collided with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats in disputed waters near the Senkaku Islands. 2011 – A plane crash in Russia kills 43 people, including nearly the entire roster of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Kontinental Hockey League team. 2012 – Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over nuclear plans and purported human rights abuses. 2017 – The 8.2 Mw  2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes southern Mexico, killing at least 60 people. 2017 – Equifax announce a cyber-crime identity theft event potentially impacting approximately 145​1⁄2 million U.S. consumers. 2019 – Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between Ukraine and Russia.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.7

AD 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. 1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. 1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf: Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf. 1228 – Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II lands in Acre, Israel, and starts the Sixth Crusade, which results in a peaceful restoration of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.[1] 1303 – Guillaume de Nogaret takes Pope Boniface VIII prisoner on behalf of Philip IV of France. 1571 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. 1652 – Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan. 1695 – Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end all English trading in India. 1706 – War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to the withdrawal of French forces from North Italy. 1764 – Election of Stanisław August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1776 – According to American colonial reports, Ezra Lee makes the world's first submarine attack in the Turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle in New York Harbor (no British records of this attack exist). 1778 – American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war. 1812 – French invasion of Russia: The Battle of Borodino, the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, was fought near Moscow and resulted in a French victory. 1818 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim. 1822 – Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo. 1857 – Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train. 1860 – Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples. 1863 – American Civil War: Union troops under Quincy A. Gillmore captures Fort Wagner in Morris Island after a 7-week siege. 1864 – American Civil War: Atlanta is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1876 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens. 1901 – The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty (modern-day China) officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol. 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France for the first time successfully. 1907 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England, to New York City. 1909 – Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft. 1911 – French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. 1916 – US federal employees win the right to Workers' compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751) 1920 – Two newly purchased Savoia flying boats crash in the Swiss Alps en route to Finland where they would serve with the Finnish Air Force, killing both crews. 1921 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America Pageant, a two-day event, is held. 1921 – The Legion of Mary, the largest apostolic organization of lay people in the Catholic Church, is founded in Dublin, Ireland. 1923 – The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is formed. 1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth. 1929 – Steamer Kuru capsizes and sinks on Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere in Finland. One hundred thirty-six lives are lost. 1932 – The Battle of Boquerón, the first major battle of the Chaco War, commences. 1936 – The last thylacine, a carnivorous marsupial named Benjamin, dies alone in its cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania. 1940 – Romania returns Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova. 1940 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe begins the Blitz, bombing London and other British cities for over 50 consecutive nights. 1942 – World War II: Japanese marines are forced to withdraw during the Battle of Milne Bay. 1943 – A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston kills 55 people. 1943 – World War II: The German 17th Army begins its evacuation of the Kuban bridgehead (Taman Peninsula) in southern Russia and moves across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea. 1945 – World War II: Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since December of 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines. 1945 – The Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 is held. 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. 1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members. 1965 – During an Indo-Pakistani War, China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border. 1965 – Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula. 1970 – Fighting begins between Arab guerrillas and government forces in Jordan. 1970 – Bill Shoemaker beats Johnny Longden's record to become the winningest jockey in horse racing history at Del Mar racetrack 1977 – The Torrijos–Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century. 1977 – The 300-metre-tall CKVR-DT transmission tower in Barrie, Ontario, Canada, is hit by a light aircraft in a fog, causing it to collapse. All aboard the aircraft are killed. 1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Gullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella. 1979 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for US$1.5 billion to avoid bankruptcy. 1984 – An explosion on board a Maltese patrol boat disposing of illegal fireworks at sea off Gozo kills seven soldiers and policemen. 1986 – Desmond Tutu becomes the first black man to lead the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town. 1988 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan in space, returns to Earth after nine days on the Mir space station. 1996 – Rapper and hip hop artist Tupac Shakur is fatally shot in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. He succumbs to his injuries six days later. 1997 – Maiden flight of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. 1999 – The 6.0 Mw  Athens earthquake affected the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless. 2005 – Egypt holds its first-ever multi-party presidential election. 2008 – The United States government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. 2010 – A Chinese fishing trawler collided with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats in disputed waters near the Senkaku Islands. 2011 – A plane crash in Russia kills 43 people, including nearly the entire roster of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Kontinental Hockey League team. 2012 – Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over nuclear plans and purported human rights abuses. 2017 – The 8.2 Mw  2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes southern Mexico, killing at least 60 people. 2017 – Equifax announced a cyber-crime identity theft event potentially impacting approximately 145​1⁄2 million U.S. consumers.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.7

AD 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. 1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. 1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf: Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf. 1228 – Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II lands in Acre, Israel, and starts the Sixth Crusade, which results in a peaceful restoration of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.[1] 1303 – Guillaume de Nogaret takes Pope Boniface VIII prisoner on behalf of Philip IV of France. 1571 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. 1652 – Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan. 1695 – Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end all English trading in India. 1706 – War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to the withdrawal of French forces from North Italy. 1764 – Election of Stanisław August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1776 – According to American colonial reports, Ezra Lee makes the world's first submarine attack in the Turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle in New York Harbor (no British records of this attack exist). 1778 – American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war. 1812 – French invasion of Russia: The Battle of Borodino, the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, was fought near Moscow and resulted in a French victory. 1818 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim. 1822 – Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo. 1857 – Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train. 1860 – Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples. 1863 – American Civil War: Union troops under Quincy A. Gillmore captures Fort Wagner in Morris Island after a 7-week siege. 1864 – American Civil War: Atlanta is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1876 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens. 1895 – The first game of what would become known as rugby league football is played, in England, starting the 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season. 1901 – The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol. 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France for the first time successfully. 1907 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England, to New York City. 1909 – Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft. 1911 – French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. 1916 – US federal employees win the right to Workers' compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751) 1920 – Two newly purchased Savoia flying boats crash in the Swiss Alps en route to Finland where they would serve with the Finnish Air Force, killing both crews. 1921 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America Pageant, a two-day event, is held. 1921 – The Legion of Mary, the largest apostolic organization of lay people in the Catholic Church, is founded in Dublin, Ireland. 1923 – The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is formed. 1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth. 1929 – Steamer Kuru capsizes and sinks on Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere in Finland. 136 lives are lost. 1932 – The Battle of Boquerón, the first major battle of the Chaco War, commences. 1936 – The last thylacine, a carnivorous marsupial named Benjamin, dies alone in its cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania. 1940 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe begins the Blitz, bombing London and other British cities for over 50 consecutive nights. 1942 – World War II: Australian and US forces inflict a significant defeat upon the Japanese at the Battle of Milne Bay. 1943 – A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston kills 55 people. 1943 – World War II: The German 17th Army begins its evacuation of the Kuban bridgehead (Taman Peninsula) in southern Russia and moves across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea. 1945 – Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since December of 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines. 1945 – The Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 is held. 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. 1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members. 1965 – During an Indo-Pakistani War, China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border. 1965 – Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula. 1970 – Fighting between Arab guerrillas and government forces in Amman, Jordan. 1977 – The Torrijos–Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century. 1977 – The 300-metre-tall CKVR-DT transmission tower in Barrie, Ontario, Canada, is hit by a light aircraft in a fog, causing it to collapse. All aboard the aircraft are killed. 1978 – While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella. 1979 – The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for US$1.5 billion to avoid bankruptcy. 1986 – Desmond Tutu becomes the first black man to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa. 1988 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan in space, returns aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz TM-5 after nine days on the Mir space station. 1997 – Maiden flight of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. 1999 – The 6.0 Mw Athens earthquake affected the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless. 2005 – Egypt holds its first-ever multi-party presidential election. 2008 – The United States government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. 2010 – A Chinese fishing trawler collided with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats in disputed waters near the Senkaku Islands. 2011 – A plane crash in Russia kills 43 people, including nearly the entire roster of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Kontinental Hockey League team. 2012 – Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over nuclear plans and purported human rights abuses.