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apparellover86 · 2 months ago

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Charming Muslin Salwar Suit

Charming Muslin Salwar Suit :

One cotton fabric that was once considered a high-end tissue was muslin. Despite its name, the textile most likely originated in ancient India, even though it is commonly believed to have originated in the Iraqi city of Mosul. Jamdani, an early variety of muslin, was frequently modeled and vividly colored when it was nearly pure and light. The finest muslin grades are fine and smooth in structure, consisting of evenly spun chaffs and fabrics or fillings. The finish is printed or patterned, soft, bleached, or piece-colored. The coarser yarn types and textures are sometimes uneven, bleached, unbleached, or piece teased on the loom, and they are typically finished with sizing.

By using book, mull, swiss, and book titles, one may identify muslin grades. The handwoven threads of Indian muslin in the past were incredibly delicate. Originally brought to Europe from India in the seventeenth century, they were subsequently made in Scotland and England.

The History of Muslin :

India has long been known for its textiles on a global scale. Muslin is one such famous fabric that is mainly produced in Orissa and Bengal. However, the muslin from Dhaka was of the best caliber.

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The use of muslin is widely known throughout history. Bengali Nawabs frequently used Muslin. The first Nawab of Bengal, Murshid Quli Khan, sent muslin to the Mughal emperor. The Emperors wore the Malma Khash and Nawab's Badsha and Amir, a type of muslin, throughout the summer. The Mughal Empire's empress Nurjahan was largely responsible for the Muslin's creation. She selected the Mughal harem of Muslin. Europeans also imported a lot of muslin to make sophisticated shirts, gowns, and children's clothing. Josephine Bonaparte's semi-sheer muslin gown is well-known for her paintings.

About the time that muslin manufacturing began in India, though this is uncertain. Nonetheless, he describes a type of cloth in his writings that is strikingly similar to modern Muslims. Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador and historian who was sent to Chandragupta's court in the third century BC. A cloth that was as translucent and fragile as a spider web and as foamy as white robes was alluded to in both East and West ancient history, that is, Europe and the Chinese Empire. Muslin's history has long been considered by historians to be ancient.

In the first century AD, Arab traders imported several substances from India, including Muslin, and crossed the Red Sea to bring them into Ethiopia and Egypt in exchange for rhino horns, ivory, and turtle shells. From that point on, with the help of Greek dealers, Muslin spread throughout Europe, even reaching the Roman Empire. There has also been a history of muslin exports to China and Thailand.

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The delicate and refined nature of the yarn required the weavers to have a very high level of skill while creating muslin tissue. Another odd item was the loom used to weave muslin. Muslin was an intricate and proficient craftsman. Depending on the style, 700–1200 yarn counts were used in vintage muslin sarees. The fabric gets thinner and finer the more yarn there is in it. Muslin cloth is widely used in many forms of beauty and as a symbol of regal status.

Muslin fabric :

About 2000 BC, a mummy shroud discovered in Egypt provided the first indication of Indian fine cotton fabric, which is related to muslin. Between the 16th and the 18th centuries, Bengal's muslin industry was thriving, and Mughal Bengal was the world's top exporter of muslin at that period. In the 17th and 18th centuries, muslin was brought from Bengal to Europe, where it quickly gained popularity.

Salwar kameez :

The exquisite muslins, silks, velvets, and brocades used to make Mughal women's apparel served as the model for this type of garment. Turkish, Persian, Lahnda, Urdu, and Pashto are the languages from whence the terms "salwar" and "kameez" originated. The first people to wear long kameez and salwars made of the finest silks and muslins were the Mughals.

Dhaka muslin:

Dhaka muslin :

Known as Dhaka malmal, these Muslims were originally from Dacca and were known by the name Shabnam. The silkiest of all muslins, the fibers from Dhaka shrank rather than swelled and dissolved when bathed in the waters of the Meghna.

#youtube #ethinicsalwars #srimahathefashions #lalgudi #sapienstyle #budget friendly #salwar suit online #boutiqueinchennai #boutiqueintrichy #boutiquemadurai #boutiqueinkarur #boutqueincoimbator #boutiqueinsivakasi #muslin #salwarwithdupatta #salwarsuits #muslinsalwarsuit #festivewear

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fvrstxresponsexarchived · 2 years ago

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Welcome to my Blog

My name is Heather. I'm in my 30's. I am currently on a first responders and police procedurals kick. Throw in zombie shows and you've got me down to a T. So here is a little bit about me.

I work overnights at a convenience store 10pm to 6am Thursday thru Sunday so activity will be low on the weekends because I'm usually dead tired and up to my eyeballs in things to do for myself and my family.

I tend to have bad bouts of depression that affects my activity online also.

I always give everyone a fair chance to write.

I don't like being spammed with messages. I can see the messages and replies. It gets a little annoying. I will answer when I can.

If you don't like one of the characters I play then please do not interact with my blog.

I'm working on not being so shy and intimidated by writers better than myself.

I tend to get bored easily if I'm not fully invested in the thread. I won't lie. And it will likely be obvious in the length of my replies.

Muses:

Chicago Fire: Kelly Severide, Benjamin Severide, Matthew Casey, Stella Kidd, Joe Cruz, Wallace Boden, Christopher Hermann

Chicago Med: Dr. Charles, Dr. Rhodes, Dr. Marvel, April Sexton, Dr. Halstead

Chicago PD: Hank Bought, Antonio Dawson, Kevin Atwater, Justin Voight, Jay Halstead

Law &Order SVU/Organized Crime: Ayanna Bell, Olivia Benson, Elliot Stabler, Finn Tutuola, Donald Cragen, Nick Amaro, Alexandra Cabot

The Walking Dead: Negan Smith, Rick Grimes, Michonne Grimes, Carl Grimes

Gotham: Fish Mooney, Oswald Cobblepot, Jim Gordon, Harvey Bullock, Bruce Wayne

WWE: The Bloodline (Roman, Jimmy, Jey, Solo, Sami and Paul Heyman) , Triple H, Shawn Michaels

Original Characters: Desiree Michelle (FC: Miranda Rae Mayo; personal assistant to Roman Reigns), Kevin James Levesque aka KJ (FC: MGK; son to Triple H and Chyna), Darian Jenkins (FC: Chris Brown; one Chicago verse street thug), Jason Joseph Anoa'i aka JJ (FC: Jason Momoa; twin brother to Roman Reigns), Kehlani Josephine Anoa'i (FC: Ella Mai; sister to Roman and JJ Anoa'i and wife to Bruno Mars)

Yellowstone: John Dutton, Kayce Dutton, Rip Wheeler, Beth Dutton

CSI (Miami/Vegas/NY): Tim Speedle, Calleigh Duquesne, Erick Delko, Horatio Caine, Gil Grissom, Catherine Willows, Warwick Brown, Nick Stokes, Mac Taylor, Stella Bonasera, Donald Flack Jr, Sheldon Hawkes, Jessica Angel

Supernatural: Dean Winchester, Sam Winchester, John Winchester, Castiel, Rowena, Rufus, Crowley

THIS LIST IS TO GIVE A GENERAL IDEA OF THE MUSES I CAN/HAVE WRITTEN AS. ONLY A HANDFUL OF THESE MUSES ARE ACTIVE. IF YOUR LIKE AN ACTIVE MUSE LIST I CAN PROVIDE ONE.

#last updated 2/14/2023

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withbeasts · 6 months ago

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he has not allowed himself the quiet thoughts of what if and the whispered words of getting soft and the things that they all warn you about. getting old was a luxury that he had wanted to spend with the people he loved, but it seemed that it was a battle that still needed fighting.

he shouldn't have pushed it aside. the hairs on the back of his neck stand up, something in his head clicking, and the shock of pain shooting up his arm only clarifies him more.

in a quick motion, roman releases his hand, moving to knock the feet out from under whoever is in front of him.

MAYBE SHILAH WAS MAD AT ROMAN FOR SOMETHING. Maybe Shilah wasn't Shilah at all. Maybe nobody in this fucking, child-soldier, super-trauamatized-super-mutant little lovenest was smart enough to consider that for even one second.

He almost has to feel bad for them. Unfortunately, he hardly has the capacity.

Dmitri squeezes Roman's hand, hard. Fucking hard. He's less scared of the proximity here than he was relieved by the distance from Josephine.

"Why is everything always my fault?"

#roman: first of all my man would never #THREADS; ROMAN&DMITRI.#vitalphenomena #more self preservation than josephine #ROMAN; WHO CAN YOU BE?

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creativexoverload · 5 years ago

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goldxnreigns

multi-muse blog

mun/muses 21+

selective rp account

active muses: Joe Anoa'i (Roman Reigns), J.J. Anoa'i (Jason Momoa), Kehlani Josephine Anoa'i (Rita Ora), Peter Gene Hernandez (Bruno Mars)

Author's Note: (Mun works during the day and may not be as active due to work. Patience and understanding is appreciated. Tagged posts may not be responded to. Message mun to plan out threads please. For more info just send a quick message.

#reblog

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stormyrecords-blog · 7 years ago

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new arrivals 7-13-17

glenn jones plays this week on thursday night at trinosophes. also - this week is the first week of the east dearborn musical event - tunes at noon. full desription and schedule just below the list of this week's new arrivals. items in stock thursday - july 13th 2017 Love Theme: S/T LP $21.99If there's a single guiding motif to this debut recording from Love Theme, it's the melancholic throb of love learnt and love lost, a descent that tumbles and slips through the overall feeling of looking back. As intimately and carefully as its parts cohesively lament a narrative, it's the after-image that catches your breath, like a memory morphing as it is observed. Comprised of Alex Zhang Hungtai, of the now defunct project Dirty Beaches, along with Austin Milne, and Simon Frank, Love Theme is arranged from an improvised session with twin saxophones, synthesizer, percussion, drum machine, and voice. The aching wane of the saxophone arrangements frisk the propulsive aggro of the mixed percussion, forcing a melancholic halo upon the queasy stupor of the synthetic swing that closes each side of the record. It's a bizarre lust for life that's being divined from equal parts dislocation and invigoration, a potent remedy which perhaps Love Theme can call their own. Percolating and finding form over time, the record instinctively follows a travel narrative, moving across a series of landscapes, reflecting the innate experiences of the expressions and voices that were first collected in South London back in February 2015. Mitchell, Nicole : Mandorla CD $15.99"Mandorla Awakening II: Emerging Worlds is Nicole Mitchell's second album for Chicago-based FPE Records. Recorded in May of 2015 at Chicago's Museum of Contemporary Art, it features her longtime collaborators Renee Baker (violin), Tomeka Reid (cello, banjo), Alex Wing (electric guitar, oud) and Jovia Armstrong (percussion), along with new members Tatsu Aoki (bass, shamisen, taiko) and Kojiro Umezaki (shakuhachi). Also in the mix is Chicago artist, scholar and poet Avery R Young, who brings her lyrics to life with visceral humanity. Composer and flutist Nicole Mitchell, once hailed by Chicago Reader music critic Peter Margasak as the 'greatest living flutist in jazz', continues the work begun when jazz visionary Sun Ra and his Arkestra first touched down on Planet Earth and told humanity that space (outer and inner) is indeed the place. As with contemporary Afrofuturist pioneers like cosmic jazz saxophonist Kamasi Washington, post-everything beat maker Flying Lotus, R&B cyborg Janelle Monáe and dystopian noise-rappers Death Grips, she uses Afrofuturism as a platform to launch her own, unique vision. Her vast sound often encompasses contemporary classical, globally oriented fusion, gospel, spoken word, funk-inspired groove research and even brittle shards of avant-rock. Mandorla Awakening II collides dualities such as acoustic vs electric, country vs urban, simple vs complex, while also sounding through intercultural dialogue between Black, European and Pan-Asian improvisational languages. The outcome is a creative music suite that blurs musical styles into recognizable fragments that weave a unique sound fabric, where human emotion and the struggles of today swim." Baroncini/D'Amario: Music for Movement LP $32.99Sonor Music Editions present a reissue Angelo Baroncini and Bruno Battisti D'amario's Music For Movement, originally released in 1969. Another terrific jam and a very obscure Italian library record, originally released on Roman Record Company label, the label responsible for Droga (1972), Traffico (1972), and the Viaggio Attraverso I Problemi Dell'Uomo series. The music is signed by the great guitar players and composers Angelo Baroncini and Bruno Battisti D'Amario, D'Amario being the unmissable guitar man of maestro Ennio Morricone. Crazy early fuzz beats with fast western swings, experimental rock distractions, rhythmic movements, with totally insane acid guitar and sitar riffs and a huge underground psychedelic mood. A truly inspired and deep session recorded for some impossible TV synchronization purpose. Holy grail alert. Original sleazy stereo recording restored sound. Edition of 500 Watson, Chris: El Tren Fantasma CD $15.992017 repress. "Take the ghost train from Los Mochis to Veracruz and travel cross country, coast to coast, Pacific to Atlantic. Ride the rhythm of the rails on board the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (FNM) and the music of a journey that has now passed into history." --Chris Watson Kawai, Kenji: Ghost In The Shell OST LP $27.99We Release Whatever The Fuck We Want Records present the ﬁrst ever official vinyl pressing of the soundtrack for Mamoru Oshii's critically acclaimed and all around legendary science ﬁction anime ﬁlm Ghost In The Shell (1995), adapted from Masamune Shirow's groundbreaking manga series of the same name. The haunting score is composed by Kenji Kawai, one of Japan's most celebrated soundtrack composers alongside Joe Hisaishi and Ryuichi Sakamoto, whose work includes Hideo Nakata's Ring (1998) and Ring 2 (1999), Death Note (2006), Hong Kong ﬁlms Seven Swords by Tsui Hark (2005) and Ip Man by Wilson Yip (2008), and countless others. Kawai's compositions see ancient harmonies and percussions uncannily mesh with synthesized sounds of the modern world to convey a sumptuous balance between folklore tradition and futuristic outlook. For its iconic main theme "Making Of Cyborg", Kawai had a choir chant a wedding song in ancient Japanese following Bulgarian folk harmonies, setting the standard for a timeless and unparalleled soundtrack that admirably echoes the ﬁlm's musings on the nature of humanity in a technologically advanced world. Ghost In The Shell is widely considered one of the best anime ﬁlms of all time and its inﬂuence has been felt in the work of numerous movie directors, including James Cameron's Avatar (2009), the Wachowskis's The Matrix (1999), and Steven Spielberg's AI: Artiﬁcial Intelligence (2001). For fans of anime, manga, movie soundtracks, science ﬁction, ambient, folklore, Japan, Akira (1988), artiﬁcial intelligence, Midori Takada. Cut from the original master reels at Emil Berliner Studios (formerly the in-house recording department of renowned classical record label Deutsche Grammophon). Trost, Heather : Agistri LP $20.99LP version. "Heather Trost is best known for her work composing and performing as one half of A Hawk And A Hacksaw. She has also played with Neutral Milk Hotel, Beirut, Josephine Foster, and most recently Thor Harris of Swans. She has arranged and performed with the BBC Concert Orchestra, as well as conductor Andre De Ridder and his Stargaze Orchestra, and toured throughout the world. In 2014 she released her first solo project, a 7-inch on Ba Da Bing Records, followed in 2015 by Ourobouros, a limited edition cassette of expansive electronic ambient compositions influenced by Basil Kirchin, Terry Riley and Angelo Badalamenti on Cimiotti Recordings. These two projects propelled a full length album: named after a Greek Island, Agistri is a song cycle of freely formed pop songs touching upon soul, samba, and pop music of the '60s and '70s, with a subtle shade of psychedelia. Ambient and melancholic sounds interweave with Hammond organs and '70s Italian synthesizers, reflecting the desert landscapes of New Mexico, and the sparse shrubbery and turquoise water of the Aegean Sea and its islands. Bolstered by contributions from Neutral Milk Hotel's Jeremy Barnes on drums and bass, Deerhoof's John Dieterich on guitar, and Drake Hardin and Rosie Hutchinson of cult New Mexico band Mammal Eggs, Trost's talents as a songwriter and arranger explode on this wonderful, often surreal album." Wire #402: Aug 17 MAG/CD $10.50"Stuck to the cover of this month's issue: The Wire Tapper 44 CD, featuring 20 tracks by AGF + Werkstatt, Sarah Angliss, Paul Rooney, Susanna, Hear In Now, Bonaventure, and more. Meanwhile, inside the issue: Finland's postmodern metal masters Circle; New York underground hiphop veteran Scotty Hard; Anton Lukoszevieze, leader of UK chamber music ensemble Apartment House; a report on the electronic explorers and pop-punk mavericks of Sapporo's DIY microscene; and more." TUNES AT NOONevery thursday at 12 noon in dearborn city hall park at the corner of michigan ave and schaeferone hour of free music - bring your lunch and enjoy some fun in the sun!! 7/13 Dearborn School of MusicWe are a music school that offers private lessons on all instruments and all styles of music to students of all ages. We also have group lessons for preschoolers called "music for little mozarts." For the summer concert we have put together a rock band comprised of students and instructors that will be playing some classic rock and modern rock and punk rock songs. 7/20 Lac La BelleLocal musicians Jennie Knaggs & Nick Schillace create music that blends history with the present via accordion, mandolin, banjo, ukulele, harmonizing vocals, and fingerpicking resonator guitar. With their separate experiences learning folk and blues in Appalachia, American roots bind Lac La Belle’s compositions with a heavy thread. For this performance enjoy some of their favorite old time, bluegrass and western swing favorites, alongside their original tunes. 7/27 Detroit Pleasure SocietyDetroit Pleasure Society plays the traditional jazz of New Orleans with a fresh twist and raucous candor. 8/3 Libby DeCamp"Libby DeCamp makes dusty folk and American Roots-inspired music with a lyrical edge and a classic three-piece energy, delivered with a haunting vocal closeness that reaches listeners of all kinds. Sweetly soulful "Broken Folk." 8/10 Michael Malis TrioMichael Malis is a pianist and composer based in Detroit, MI. Malis bridges the gap between original composed, complex material and the spontaneity of improvisation. His trio (piano, bass, drums), featured on his latest album, has toured in the United States and Canada, and in September 2016, they performed at the Detroit International Jazz Festival. 8/17 Viands "Viands is a spontaneous collaboration between two auteurs of Detroit's underground music scene: Joel Peterson and David Shettler. The music they create is a deep, reflective and fearless alternate-reality keyboard meditation that draws on the pair's broad musical vision to explore new vistas.

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ruinaa-archive-blog · 8 years ago

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QUICK & EASY WAYS TO MEET YOUR NEWEST MUTANT MOM!

so i saw these going around a few weeks ago and since i’ve been trying to do starters recently i thought i’d make one for myself! these can be referenced in current threads we have or in future threads or for a jumping off point for any starters i may post or -- really, anything! these are all mainverse specific, but maybe i’ll post one in the future for some of my more popular verses that i write in pretty frequently.

josephine works at patsy’s diner, located in manhattan. it’s open to the general public and pretty popular considering the number of diners and restaurants in new york but employs only mutants, especially those who can’t get jobs elsewhere for whatever reason. she spends a lot of time here, especially during overnight shifts since the diner is open 24 hours. this is probably one of the best places to run into her randomly or without any sort of pre-established relationship already discussed, and i also have a list of npc’s from the diner if anyone is ever interested!

josephine heads a support group for mutants who were victims of government-funded labs and experimentation, which she established a few months ago in order to help others in their recovery after they’ve escaped or been liberated. the meetings are housed in a building also located in manhattan, something nondescript and kept hush-hush for the safety of those who attend. they’re held twice weekly, usually on tuesday’s and thursday’s or sometimes friday’s, but josephine is also always willing to meet someone should they need it. there’s also enough room there for someone to stay should they need it, with a futon and a small bathroom and a kitchenette.

as a member of the brotherhood, she’s very dedicated to their efforts to offer shelter and sanctuary to any mutants who might need it, too. when she moved in with roman, she kept her old apartment, a modest two-bedroom that she’s somehow afforded through some sort of deal she’s struck with the building’s owner (who also happens to be a mutant). she lends the space to the brotherhood or any other mutant who might need the place to stay, and she will continue to do so for the rest of her life.

she’s also in the process of establishing a women’s shelter for mutants in need, details forthcoming. these efforts are supported and funded by shilah.

she frequently makes trips back to westchester and xavier’s school, and in the next year, will be teaching there.

she’s a member of the brotherhood of mutants, though less involved than she used to be, at least publicly.

she’s also always in trouble, somehow. if you’re a troublemaker too, hello newest friend.

do you need a mom? do you need a mutant mom? look no further.

this list got less serious but is also still Deadly Serious but if you ever wanna talk about any of these, hit me up!!!

#ooc #HEADCANONS.#REFERENCE.

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tahitiwoke · 8 years ago

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❝ If it was down to me to save your life, would you trust me to do it? ❞

if you ain’t looking at me, i ain’t looking at you!

it’s a song -- playing in the background and it all seems terribly APT, as though the big man himself were watching and decided, of all times, this was phil’s alannis morrisette MOMENT. he stares at the wall, fingertip tracing the rim of his glass and thinks about alexei leaving him to die; about nikolai DETERMINED to smash his face into a headlight; about loki and tahiti; about the cia and about carol and about bobby fisher, in the THIRD GRADE, pushing him out a tree.

josephine isn’t little miss innocence, not by a long shot, and he isn’t the GOOD GUY protecting the world with a shield instead of a sword. if phil was hanging on by a thread, nails digging into the dirt swinging over a ravine -- well, it’s an EASY A.

‘ no. ‘

for roman’s sake and no one else, she could rest assured he would show up if the POSITIONS were reversed; she would be alive, even safe if phil could help it. maybe that shows a decent side still left in him -- maybe it shows the exact OPPOSITE.

‘ i’m not sure i’d want you to, anyway. ‘

#V || I STILL ICE SKATE ( EVEN THOUGH THERE IS DANGER )#ruinaa

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withbeasts · 3 months ago

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@ruinaa.

he's going to surprise her, as he does. she's only got a few minutes left of her shift, and he's brought her some clothes to change into, the typical things she likes to refresh. but he pauses across the street; watches her start to undo her apron, talking to a man who lingers closely. watches her laugh at whatever he's said.

irritation settles on his face. it's about five more minutes he stands there, watching them speak, until the other man starts to walk towards the door. he crosses and enters.

" new boyfriend? " he asks, startling her in the mostly empty space.

#before roman after jack etc etc #i just wanted the drama queens #THREADS; SHILAH&JOSEPHINE.#SHILAH; BEAST IN THE BLOOD.#ruinaa #STARTER.

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easytravelpw-blog · 6 years ago

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Full text write on https://easy-travel.pw/top-8-shopping-districts-in-paris/france/

Top 8 Shopping Districts in Paris

01 of 08

7 Centers of Style in the City of Light

Lonely Planet Images/Getty

For reasons that elude most of us, Parisians tend to make impeccable fashion sense look like a walk in the park. Even on modest budgets, they generally seem to just know how to pull it all together and come up with enviable and seemingly effortless looks. Call it “je ne sais quoi”, if you must.

Read related: Shopping on a Tight Budget in Paris

It's no surprise, then, that the French capital has held onto its reign as the global center of all things style-related. After museums and monuments, shopping alone attracts millions of visitors every year.

While the city is studded with fabulous boutiques and stores, these seven ultra-popular shopping districts in Paris are gold mines for discount-hunters, designer divas, window shoppers, and fashion victims alike.

Read related: Best Concept Shops and Boutiques in Paris

There's room for all budgets, too– so looking snappy doesn't have to rhyme with going broke. Make sure you take home a little “je ne sais quoi” by clicking through our picks for the top centres, or “meccas”, of style in the French capital.

02 of 08

Louvre and Tuileries District

Thomon/Creative Commons 2.0 License/Some rights reserved

Best for: Crème de la crème designer fashion, chic home furnishings, quality cosmetics

Getting there: Metro Concorde, Tuileries (Line 1), Pyramides (Line 7, 14) Main streets: Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Rue Saint-Honoré, Rue de la Paix, Place Vendome

The Faubourg Saint-Honoré district is the pulse of Paris design and fashion. Part of the Louvre-Tuileries neighborhood, the Saint-Honoré fashion district is studded with flagship shops from classic designers like Versace, Hermes, and Yves Saint Laurent, but also houses resolutely trendy boutiques and concept stores.

Read related: Best Concept Shops and Boutiques in Paris

Also make sure to check out the elegant boutiques lining the arcades (covered galleries) of the Palais Royal: from luxury perfumer Serge Lutens to upscale vintage shops, jewelry, and art, shopping in the Palais Royal's chic nooks is worlds away from the hustle-and-bustle of central Paris, and offers a dose of real old-world chic.

The Faubourg Honoré is also only a hop, skip, and a jump away from the grandeur of the Opera Garnier and the Belle-Epoque Paris department stores dominating Boulevard Haussmann, including Galeries Lafayette and Printemps (click through to next page for more on these treasure troves).

For after-shopping unwinding in the area: Cocktail up at the Hotel Costes Bar and Lounge

03 of 08

Boulevard Haussmann and the Grands Boulevards

Petter Palander/Some rights reserved under the Creative Commons license

Best for: Getting lost in Paris' prestigious– and dizzying– Belle-Epoque department stores (grands magasins)

Getting there: Metro Havre-Caumartin (Line 3 or 9), Opera (Lines 3, 7, 8), RER Auber(Line A) Main streets: Boulevard Haussmann; Place de la Madeleine

The old Parisian department stores are famous for being worlds unto themselves. Galeries Lafayette��and Printemps department stores dominate Boulevard Haussmann with real Belle Epoque grandeur, concentrating top designer collections for men and women, gourmet food shopping, home design, jewelry, and even hardware into a labyrinth of consumer delights. In the winter months, of course, these “grands magasins” are decked out with lights and elaborate decorations for the holiday season, so don't miss checking them out then.

Read related: Pictures of Parisian Department Stores Gussied Up For the Holidays

Covered Passageways (“Les Arcades”)

Also make sure to check out the old-world elegance (and high-quality boutiques) of the old covered “arcades” (passageways) in the area, including the Galerie Vivienne, which houses luxury boutiques from top designers such as Jean-Paul Gaultier, as well as rare bookshops, old-fashioned artisan toy shops, and gifts. (Metro: Bourse or Palais-Royal Musee du Louvre)

Other “arcades” worth exploring nearby include the Passage Jouffroy, with its throwback-style shops, and the Passage du Grand Cerf (Metro: Etienne Marcel), well-known for its intricate antiques and fine old jewelry. Stop at the latter before exploring Rue Etienne Marcel and its trendy boutiques from designers including Kenzo and Thierry Mugler.

Read related feature: Exploring the throwback urban charms of the Grands Boulevards

04 of 08

The Marais

Groum/Some rights reserved under the Creative Commons license.

Best for: Eclectic and high-fashion, high-quality chains, vintage stores, artisan and handcrafted jewelry, antiques and fine art galleries, cosmetics and perfumeries Getting there: Metro Saint-Paul (Line 1) or Hotel de Ville (Line 1, 11) Main streets: Rue des Francs-Bourgeois, Place des Vosges, Rue de Turenne, Rue des Rosiers

The historic Marais quarter is prime stomping ground for shoppers with an eye for the unique and finely-crafted, not to mention antique and fine art lovers. Try antiques or fine-arts shopping on the Place des Vosges, jewelry, fragrance, and cosmetics shopping at boutiques like Diptyque and MAC on Rue des Francs-Bourgeois, or plunder fashionable but accessible chains such as COS on Rue des Rosiers.

If you're a fan of excellent teas, chocolate, and other gourmet goods, the Marais is also an excellent area for foodie shopping. For high-quality French tea, head to Mariage Frères (and its adjoining tearoom) on Rue du Bourg-Tibourg, or Kusmi Tea on Rue des Rosiers. Meanwhile, Josephine Vannier (4 rue du pas de la Mule) is listed in our guide to the best chocolate makers in Paris.

For a great concept shop in the general vicinity, Merci is one of the trendiest places in town to shop for men and women's designer fashion, home decor, accessories and books, and more. The tearoom and cinema-inspired adjoining restaurant next door are perfect spots to perch, see and be seen, too.

Continue to 5 of 8 below.

05 of 08

Avenue Montaigne and the Champs-Elysées

Guillaume Baviere/Some rights reserved under the Creative Commons license.

Best for: Designer shopping, trendy chain stores, Sunday shopping

Getting there: Metro Alma Marceau (Line 9), Franklin D. Roosevelt (Lines 1 and 9), George V (Line 1), RER A (Charles de Gaulle-Etoile)

Avenue Montaigne and Avenue des Champs-Elysées form one of the city's most coveted fashion junctures. Avenue Montaigne is fast outstripping Saint Honoré in the arena of chic-cachet, with legendary designers like Chanel and Dior lining the street with flagship boutiques. The Champs-Elysées, for its part, features luxury names (Louis Vuitton) while also being a major spot for shopping in trendy global chains like Zara. Meanwhile, to keep the kids happy, the Disney Store dominates the “Champs” with fun window displays and enough toys to colonize the moon.

Sweet tooth? Try a legendary macaron at Laduree, and enjoy a warming cup of artisanal tea in the adjoining tearoom.

06 of 08

St-Germain-des-Prés

Roman Boed/Creative Commons 2.0 license/FLICKR

Best for: Chic classic design, books, and home furnishings

Getting there: Metro Saint-Germain-des-Prés (Line 4), Sèvres-Babylone (Line 10) Main streets: Blvd. St.-Germain, Rue St. André-des-Arts, Rue de Sèvres

Once synonymous with the famous intellectuals who haunted local cafés, St.-Germain-des-Prés has acquired several shades of chic and is now a preferred spot of BCBG's (yuppies). Sonia Rykiel and Paco Rabanne have boutiques here:

Try Rue Saint-Andre des Arts for rare books, unique regional gifts, and vintage threads.

Meanwhile, for local department store shopping, the Bon Marché is the consummate left-bank address for classic chic. If you're a foodie or are in search of gourmet goods to take home, make sure to have a whirl through the enormoys food hall there, too.

07 of 08

Les Halles and Rue de Rivoli

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Best for: Major chain shops and trendy boutiques

Getting there: Metro Chatelet-Les Halles (Line 4, RER A,B) Main streets: Rue de Rivoli, Rue Pierre-Lescot, Rue Etienne Marcel, Rue de Turbigo

Once the locus of “the guts of Paris”– an enormous outdoor food market, the area around Châtelet-les Halles was transformed into a major shopping area in the 20th century. At metro Les Halles is a monstrous underground mall, “Le Forum des Halles”, where global chain stores reign.

Read related: Top 3 Shopping Malls in Paris

Running east to west from the Marais all the way to the Louvre, Rue de Rivoli is much the same. Great deals can be made on this long shopping artery in the city center, even outside of the Paris sales season. Chains such as H&M and Zara dominate the area, but closer to the Louvre you'll find lots of antique shops and art galleries, for those looking for special pieces to bring back home.

Read Related: Discount and Budget Shopping in Paris

Meanwhile, in the adjoining (and much trendier) Rue Montorgueil area, quirky contemporary boutiques abound, including Barbara Bui and young cutting-edge designers.

Explore the Neighborhood: All About Les Halles and “Beaubourg”

08 of 08

Get intrepid and dig around at these Paris flea markets

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Best for: Antiques and oddball items, discounted and vintage clothes and shoes

Getting there: Metro Porte de Clingancourt (Line 4) or Garibaldi (Line 13)

The Saint-Ouen flea market (or “puces”– literally, “fleas”) is the city's largest, and dates to the nineteenth century. Located at the very northern tip of Paris, les puces are an essential shopping stop. Come here for a few hours to browse the antique furniture, odd objects, or vintage clothes. There are also many other flea markets around the city, and they're pretty much all worth spending an afternoon exploring.

Read Related: Complete Guide to Flea Markets in Paris

You may not come away with a masterpiece painting (as once was the case), but a find you are likely to make. A word of advice, however: weekdays are preferable to avoid the inevitable crowds. Also make sure to watch out for pickpockets.

Read Related: Discount and Budget Shopping in Paris

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ourwonderlists · 6 years ago

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30 FASCINATING WEDDING FACTS!

1. In 1878, the New York Times ran its first wedding announcement for a black couple: Senator Blanche Kelso Bruce, the first black American to serve in the Senate, and Josephine Willson.

2. Speaking of law and order, in 2000, 120 inmates at Carandiru prison in San Paulo, Brazil married their fiancees, setting the Guinness world record for the largest wedding in a prison.

3. The longest-married couple on record is Herbert Fisher and Zelmyra Fisher. They were married for 86 years, 9 months, and 16 days, until the bride passed away in 2011. Their marriage advice? “Remember marriage is not a contest — never keep a score. God has put the two of you together on the same team to win.”

4. The phrase “Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpence in her shoe” symbolizes continuity, optimism for the future, borrowed happiness, fidelity, and wealth or good luck, respectively.

5. Because white is the color of mourning in Eastern cultures, white wedding dresses are uncommon.

6. Las Vegas is the top wedding destination with over 100,000 weddings a year, followed by Hawaii at 25,000 weddings a year.

7. Early Roman brides carried a bunch of herbs, such as garlic and rosemary, under their veils to symbolize fidelity and fertility and to ward off evil. These herbs served as a precursor to the modern bridal bouquet.

8. Wedding rings are often placed on the third finger of the left hand because ancient Egyptians believed the vein in that hand (which the Romans called the “vein of love”) ran directly to the heart.

9. Flower girls traditionally threw flower petals in the bride’s path to lead her to a sweet, plentiful future.

10. Guests in ancient times would tear off part of the bride’s gown as tokens of good luck, leading to the tradition of the bride throwing both her garter and her bouquet.

11. The phrase “tying the knot” initially came from an ancient Babylonian custom in which threads from the clothes of both the bride and bridegroom were tied in a knot to symbolize the couple’s union. Literally tying some type of ceremonial knot at a wedding ceremony can be found across cultures.

12. A wedding cake is traditionally a symbol of good luck and fertility and has been a part of wedding celebrations since Roman times, when a small bun, symbolizing fertility, was broken above the bride’s head at the close of the ceremony. During the Middle Ages, custom required the bride and groom to kiss over small cakes.

13. Pope Innocent III (1160/1-1216) declared that a waiting period should be observed between betrothal and marriage, which led to separate engagement and wedding rings. The first recorded account of a diamond engagement ring was in 1477 when King Maximilian I of Germany (1459-1519) proposed to Mary of Burgundy (1457-1482) and offered her a diamond to seal his vow.

14. Throwing rice at weddings symbolizes fertility, prosperity, and bounty. In some countries, the bride might even carry or wear sheaves of grain. However, some modern churches and wedding locations discourage rice throwing because of the pervasive, yet mistaken, belief that rice can be fatal for birds who eat it. 15. To ensure fertility, the Irish would take a hen that was about to lay an egg and tie it to the wedding bed.

16. Oriental wedding dresses often display embroidered cranes, which are symbols of life-long fidelity. At Japanese weddings, the presence of 1001 white paper origami cranes is considered good luck.

17. In Europe during the Middle Ages, the lord of the manor had a legal right to spend the first night with any non-noble bride on his land (“le droit du seigneur” or “right of the lord”).

18. In Ethiopia, women from certain tribes, place plates in their lower lip in order to entice a rich groom. The larger the protruding lip, the more a groom will pay.

19. Some scholars claim the word “honeymoon” comes from the Teutonic custom when newlyweds would hide out and drink hydromel (a fermented honey and water mixture) for 30 days until the moon waned.

20. More than 40% of couples now plan their weddings together, and three out of four grooms help select items for their wedding gift registries.

21. The superstition that the bridegroom must not see his bride before the wedding stems from the days when marriages were arranged and the groom might never have seen the bride. There was the chance that if he saw her, he might bolt. Other sources say that to see the bride in her dress is peering into the future, which can bring bad luck.

22. Queen Victoria’s wedding cake was three yards wide and weighed 300 pounds.

23. Queen Elizabeth II had 12 wedding cakes. The one she cut at her wedding was nine feet tall and weighed 500 pounds.

24. Wedding bells are an important symbol of a wedding. Traditionally, it was believed that demons were scared off by loud sounds, so following a wedding ceremony, anything that could make noise was used to create a diversion.

25. The bachelor or stag party supposedly started in fifth-century Sparta where military compatriots would feast and toast one another on the eve of a wedding, like warriors going to battle.

26. Before the 1500s, couples in Europe were free to marry themselves. It wasn’t until 1564 when the Council of Trent declared marriage was a sacrament that weddings became the province of priests and churches.

27. In the United States, June is the most popular month for weddings, followed by August.

28. Nearly $72 billion is spent on weddings every year in the United States.

29. Before the church declared marriage a sacrament, couples often sought sacred places in nature to wed, such as a hilltop or cliff, where the earth supposedly meets heaven.

30. In England, before literacy rates were high, invitations to weddings were shouted out by “bidders,” who were old men hired to announced the details of the wedding.

#Wedding Facts

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theblackshit · 7 years ago

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The exhibition THE GEO POLITICS OF MONETIZED AIRSPACE — Come Fly with Me, I Meet You by the Airside Gucci Concession at 4, Fox Fur Hat features two works by artists Martha Rosler (b. 1943, USA) and Sarah Staton (b. 1961, UK).

Rosler’s In the Place of the Public: Airport Series (1983 – present) uses installation, photo-text and video montage to look at seemingly abstract and interchangeable spaces of air travel, and at the logistics of labor management associated with them. With her SupaStore (1993 – 2000, 2014 – present) Staton examines ways of organizing labor and lives within retail, trade and network structures. Both artists connect these scenarios to the visualization and materialization of public space. The airport and its extended retail space become a showcase for the organization of production chains, in which their embodiment becomes the main cargo. Seen as a method, the airport reaches far beyond its borders, into cities, offices and coffee shops.

Structured as complex and extensive bodies of ongoing work, or as a box-in-a-box set-up, both projects are remarkable for the broad timeframe they capture. Both were started in the early 1980s and 1990s, before internet-based communication, and span through the introduction and widespread adoption of web-based tools we use every day. Continuously and at close range, these projects document the spread of these new communication structures, and allow us to reexamine how they have become embedded within contemporary culture.

Exhibited for the first time in 1993 at Jay Gorney Modern Art in New York, Rosler’s Airport Series consists of a series of photographs taken during her travels as an artist flown to inviting institutions, beginning in 1983. Through this system she became part of a traveling class which, in the 1980s, was out of the reach of most commuters or tourists. Rosler writes about the transition of her own identity from an artist of long-distance buses to one of commercial flights in an early version of her 1998 essay, In the Place of the Public: Observations of a Frequent Flyer. Here Rosler explores Henri Lefebvre’s concepts (c.f. The Production of Space, 1974) in connection to air travel and airports in matters of simulation and representation. She states that “air travel introduces a dislocation or destabilization so complete that it suppresses the realization of where one is, in favor of illusion.”

These photographs, accumulated over a long period of time, are installed accompanied by text printed in vinyl letters: single words, word combinations, short sentences, anaphoras, alliterations, and analogies. Together they generate a poetic language where there was once only an opaque one, based on the functional tone of directions, do’s, and don’ts, designed for transfer and border zones. As in Rosler’s well-known and broadly discussed The Bowery in two inadequate descriptive systems (1974 – 1975), her text-image combinations generate awareness of these spaces as constructed ones. In 1998 Airport Series was installed at the Frankfurt International Airport by Museum für Moderne Kunst. That same year, Rosler’s essay and text-image montages from the Airport Series were published by Hatje Cantz.

1998 marked a moment when air travel first opened to widespread tourism and low-cost airlines. Seen this way, In the Place of the Public: Airport Series does not address the politics of air travel today; in her essay, Rosler does, however, use still-current vocabulary to describe the basic aspects of air travel and the way travelers cope with the spaces that surround them. After the 2001 attacks in New York and the tightening of border and immigration controls that followed, Rosler updated the installation text to focus more strongly on the politics of scrutiny and to demonstrate how they have spread beyond airports to include the spaces of everyday life. A newer reading of In the Place of the Public reaches beyond “Observations of a Frequent Flyer” into the “Observations of a life of an Artist” today. These are also the observations of a self-employed commuter, a professor, a contractor, a care worker, an Army officer, a special effects technician — the whole range of a labor force (both legal and illegal) that is in constant movement from one place to another.

The installation presented at Midway shows printed and framed color photographs from the years 1986 to 1992 and a 19-minute-long digital movie with sound and material Rosler shot from 1983 to 2016.

SupaStore Air at Midway Contemporary Art recreates the proto pop-up SupaStore: Sarah Statonʼs SupaStore 93, established by the artist in Charing Cross Road in London, in 1993. SupaStore was launched at eleven locations during the nineties — including museums, galleries and artist-run exhibition spaces — and was included in a travelling exhibition meant to explore Eastern Europe, organized by the British Council in 2001. SupaStore exploits retail processes to critique the notion of our branded age, thereby posing an ironic comment on the marketing of artistic genius, questioning notions of originality and copying.

Interested in retail as artistic practice, Staton observed the rapidly-changing function of public space within the UK in the early 1990s, marked by the introduction of shopping malls replacing the high street. Staton looked among precedents and her contemporaries for critiques of the role of the artist as unique “author” of their own work; points of reference included Duchamp’s multiple La Boîte en Valise and the Rotoreliefs (Optical Discs), multiples as artforms in general, Oldenburg’s The Store and Keith Haring’s long-running Pop Shop, and Tracey Emin’s and Sarah Lucas’ The Shop. The set-up for the various SupaStores was always the same. Sarah Staton invited artists to produce multiples and small artworks that fit in the suitcase of a traveling-artist-as-saleswoman. Staton herself worked on displays and ran the stores, which were set up as exhibitions and as spaces for exchange of various kinds, all under the umbrella of “retail”.

Prior to SupaStore, Staton formed Milch (in collaboration with Lawren Maben), a gallery space within a large, residential squat at 64-65 Guilford Street, London. They presented exhibitions and dinners and generated a social space within the loose network of the house’s squatters. The first exhibition in 64-65 Guilford Street took place in 1990 under the title Peace and anarchy & I love form but she doesn’t love me & strange flowers & homage to Schnabel equals freedom and fun forever with Merlin Carpenter, Nils Norman and Sarah Staton. In recent years, Staton has continued collaborations with other artists as an ongoing thread of her diverse practice that encompasses exhibition making, production of artists’ books and creating social sculpture for the public realm. Sarah Staton is Senior Tutor in Sculpture at the Royal College of Art.

Like Milch, Staton’s SupaStore functioned as a meeting point for a London artists’ community. Staton has described the period of this community as one where it felt like there was no outside; over one hundred artists, ranging in levels of recognition, have participated in SupaStore. In this way, SupaStore was a pre-internet hub, materialized through a collection of small objects or things with a more or less definable “use”. The accessibility and straightforward handling of artworks in the SupaStore context enabled an exchange of works primarily within the artists’ community itself.

Exhibited at Midway Contemporary Art, SupaStore takes on various forms of presence in space and meaning. On the one hand, it is a historic document as an installation, as a reflection and documentation of the past project, simultaneously updated and performed. SupaStore Air includes some of the objects originally presented at the stores from 1993 – 2000. Books and videos there suggest a meta-level notion, and provide historical points of reference to today’s wide acceptance of network-lifestyle, consumerism and “shopping” in general. On the other hand, SupaStore Air takes on a new iteration through the participation of many artists new to SupaStore.

The store display by Sarah Staton includes the symbols of Minerva, the Roman goddess of handicrafts, protector of intellectual and manual skills, and patron of warlike goods and heroes. She is also the goddess of wisdom and reason, represented through her symbols: the owl, the shield and the snake. SupaStore is a shop for the time-honoured rituals of trade and exchange.

SupaStore Air includes:

T-Shirts designed by Saelia Aparicio, Gerry Bibby and Henrik Olesen, Merlin Carpenter, Jeremy Deller, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster, NSRD (designed by HIT), Ken Kagami, Josephine Pryde, Sarah Staton, Paula Linke, Demelza Watts as well as Nolan Simon for PROVENCE.

SupaStore Air includes objects such as Gamarelli stockings from Rome, artists’ books, magazines and fanzines, SupaStock: objects from the previous SupaStore iterations and other artworks by:

Agenzia delle Entrate, Tasha Amini, Fiona Banner, Ejaz Christilano, Clare Corrigan, Jude Crilly, Aaron Flint Jamison, Freee art collective, GAS (Kelsey Olson and Katelyn Farstad), Alison Gill, Chiara Giovando, Anthea Hamilton and Julie Verhoeven, Matthew Higgs, Alex Israel, Alison Jones and Milly Thompson, Steve Kado, Tobias Kaspar, Lito Kattou, Miguel Soto Karelovic, Nina Könnemann, Adriana Lara, Paula Linke, Adam McEwen, Sean McNanney, Ariane Müller, Hadrian Pigott, Giulia Piscitelli, Lesley Smailes, Gavin Turk, Nicole Wermers, Seyoung Yoon and Anand Zenz.

Many of the objects at SupaStore Air are for sale, please visit the gallery’s front desk to speak with a Midway staff member if you are interested in making a purchase.

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ancient-egypt-o0o-blog · 8 years ago

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Jewelry from 3000 BC Egypt to the 21st Century

Egypt pearls - The use of gold jewelry can be dated back to Egypt 3000 BC. Gold was the preferred metal for jewelry making during ancient times. It was rare, it was easy to work with, and it never tarnished. Magnificent bracelets, pendants, necklaces, rings, armlets, earrings, collars, and head ornaments were all produced in ancient Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs. In 1922 Howard Carter's excavations led to the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb and many gold artifacts, all showing the art work of ancient Egypt. Greece In ancient Greece, gold beads in the shape of shells, flowers and beetles were very common. In Northern Greece beautiful necklaces and earrings have been excavated from burial. By 300 BC the Greeks were using gems such as emeralds, garnets, amethysts and pearls. They also created colored glass stones and enamel stones. Carved agate cameos and gold filigree work were widely made. Italy The Italian Etruscans produced granulated textured gold work. They made very large, necklaces, bracelets and earrings. They were also known for producing hollow gold pendants that were filled with perfume. Even today the Italians are still known for the quality gold jewelry. Rome The Romans used 18 and 24 carat gold for their coins. Coinage gold was readily available so it was popular with craftsmen for decorative jewelry. Over 2000 years ago the Romans were using sapphires, emeralds, garnets, and amber in their jewelry. Europe. During the 13th century the Medieval Sumptuary Laws were enacted which put a cap on luxurious jewelry and clothing. The town folk of France, banned from wearing girdles made from pearls or any other gemstone. They were also banged from wearing gold or silver. Similar laws existed in England banning artisans from wearing gold and silver. These laws show how fine jewelry had spread beyond nobility to the town folk. For as long as mankind has existed gems and jewels have been used as token of ones love for another. While many pieces of jewelry existed adorned with fine gems and made from precious metals, there was also some very good fake jewelry. True gemstones and pearls originated in the east and they were bought mainly by the Italians. The Italian merchants then sold the jewelry to the Europeans. High quality glass imitations were often used and sold with the intent to deceive. These high quality glass stones were often used in the Royal funeral robes and in children's jewelry. Valued more than gemstones, were the flawless, round, natural white pearls. South India provided some of the finest pearls. The Italians were able to make quality imitation glass gems and pearls that could only be identified by a gemologist. There is historical proof that recipes for false pearls existed as far back as 1300. White powdered glass was mixed with albumen and snail slime to produce imitation pearls. Earrings and Dress Jewelry During the 17th century woman always wore earrings, whether they were dressed or undressed. It was very acceptable to wear faux pearls and paste gem earrings during the day saving fine diamond jewelry and gem jewelry for evening attire. Dress ornamentation decreased in size. Sleeves or skirts were often decorated with matching brooches. During the 16th it was very fashionable to wear large quantities of pearls. Both jewelry to clothing accessories were adorned with pearls. During the 17th century Jaquin of Paris patented a method of making fake pearls. Hollow blown glass balls were coated with varnish mixed with iridescent ground fish scales. The hollow balls were then filled with wax to strengthen them. This discovery made Paris the main producer of faux pearls for well over 200 years. Paste is a compound of glass containing white lead oxide and potash. Paste jewelry was very common in the later part of the 17th century. The highest quality and most long lasting paste jewelry was produced after 1734 by Georges Strass. Paris lead the production of faux gems and faux pearls. Just about any kind of fake gem could be made, including fake opals. After 1760 the production of fake jewelery spread to London and to Birmingham. During the industrial revolution steel was produced in large quantities so it was easily available. It was ues for setting marcasite and jasper ware cameos. Glass and Wedgwood porcelain paste cameos were made in English factories and were also very popular. The fashion from this era also included ornate shoe buckles of paste, steel and tin, elaborate paste jewel buttons, as well as semi precious for day wear. Empire Jewelry In 1804 Napoleon emerged as Emperor of France, resulting in a revival of jewelry and fashion as a new court of pomp. 'Joailliers' worked fine jewelry and 'bijoutiers' used less precious materials. The members of the new French imperial family had the former French royal family gems re-set into the latest neo-classical style. The new trends soon found their way to Europe, particularly England. The main influence for design was the Greek and Roman. Parures and Cameos Parures were a matching suite of coordinating precious gems which could include a necklace, a comb, a tiara, a diadem, a bandeau, a pair of bracelets, pins, rings, drop earrings or and cluster stud earrings and possibly a belt clasp. A full parure consisted of a minimum of four pieces. A demi parure consisted of three or less pieces. Both Josephine and Napoleon's second wife had magnificent parures. Once Napoleon's cameo decorated coronation crown was seen, cameos became the rage. Cameos were carved from hard stone, conch shells and even from Wedgwood porcelain. Victorian Jewelry In 1837 when Queen Victoria came to the throne jewelry was romantic and nationalistic. It focused on European folk art, which later influenced the Arts and Crafts Movement. Until mid century most western jewelry came from Europe, with some jewelry being produced in North America and Australia. Mass production of mid Victorian jewelry in Birmingham, Germany and Providence, Rhode Island resulted in lower jewelry standards. Victorian women rebelled when they saw some the poor quality of much of this machine made jewelry. Woman rebelled by wearing no jewelry at all, or buying from the emerging artist craftsman. Some jewelers like Tiffany recognized a niche market and began to make fine jewelry of a very high standard, opening shops in main European cities.

Mourning Jewelry

During the Victorian era mourning jewelry was very fashionable. The initial months of mourning were unadorned by jewelry of any kind. As the mourning rituals increased, mourning jewelry developed as a fashion item. Queen Victorian wore a great deal of jet mourning jewelry after Prince Albert's death. Jet from Whitby, North of England was set into mourning pieces. All types of material that were black were used and almost all included a lock of the dead loved one's hair. Hair was also plaited, braided or twisted very tightly until it became hard and thread like. Arts and Crafts Jewelry During the 1870s the Arts and Crafts movement evolved as a reaction to mass produced shoddy goods and inferior machine made products which were a result of the industrial revolution. William Morris and John Ruskin were both leaders of the arts and crafts movement in England. They promoted simple Arts and Crafts of designs based on floral, primitive or Celtic forms worked as wallpapers, furniture and jewelry. The polished stones used in Arts and Crafts jewelry gave a medieval, simpler, gentler, tooled hand made look and feel to items. Art Nouveau The Art Nouveau followed the arts and crafts movement resulting in a new jewelry look. The movement began in Paris and its influence went throughout the Western world. Art nouveau jewelry had curves, sinuous organic lines of romantic and imaginary dreaminess. It was very ethereal turning into winged bird and flower forms. French, René Lalique was the master goldsmith of the era of Art Nouveau producing exquisite one off pieces. Today, the Art Nouveau style is still admired, sought after, and copied.

Pearls

Various combinations of pearl necklaces come in and out of fashion with regularity so pearls too are a must. Today pearls are still a wardrobe essential. Both faux pearls and cultured pearls are very affordable today. Since the opening of trade with China in the 1990s, many pearls are imported from China dropping the price to about 1/3 of what it was prior to China entering the market. The Japanese have suffered disease in their pearl beds as well as facing competition and are finding it hard to compete with China's prices. Pearl necklaces and pearl earrings can lift a complexion and bring light and radiance to the face taking years off a woman whatever her age. They have been a wardrobe staple for centuries, and a wedding attire tradition. Cultured pearls have become very affordable, and faux pearls are very cheap and the quality can be excellent. Currently Pearls are a very "hot" fashion statement and with the modern twist of being interspaced on gold wire or floating on special synthetic cord they are essential to the millennium look.

Cocktail Jewelry

During the 1920s Lalique mass produced and designed high quality glass jewelry. Fake, or costume jewellery was sometimes then called cocktail jewelry. Costume or Cocktail jewelry was greatly influenced by designers such as Coco Chanel, and Elsa Shiparelli as well as a host of other designers. These two designers were particularly known for encouraging clients to mix their fine jewelry and costume jewelry. Both designers offered imagination and fun and both often sported fabulous fakes. In the late 1930s Napier of the USA was at the forefront of manufacturing fake cocktail jewelry offer glamour and escapism. Today, Napier still produces excellent contemporary costume pieces. Hollywood Influence By the 1940s and 1950s American culture was very dominant in Europe. The influence of movie films and the prominence of film stars set the fashion stage for womens make-up, hair and wardrobe. People wanted copies of outfits and jewelry worn by the actresses. Women believed that the glamour of Hollywood would rub off on them if they dressed and looked like the glamorous Hollywood actresses. During the Second World War metals were rationed, halting the production of fine jewelry. Quality costume jewelry picked up the now defunct fine jewelry market. Costume jewelry flourished becoming an acceptable alternative to fine jewelry. 1980's Television Influences Jewelry During the 1980s with the evolution of glitzy television soaps such as Dynasty and Dallas, costume jewelry once again became a "hot" fashion statement. With over 250 million viewers, it didn't take long for costume jewelry to be reborn. Glitz and sparkle by day was not only acceptable, it became the norm. Earrings grew to an unbelievable size, as did other pieces of jewelry. By the 1990s this sparkly dazzling jewelry phenomena was dead, replace with tiny real diamond studs or a fine stud pearls. 21st Century Jewelry For the 21st century women believe a mix is good. Fine jewelry combined with costume jewelry are wardrobe essentials. The sophisticated women of this century know what they want from their jewelry and how to wear it to make their fashion statement. They recognize that costume jewelry can liven up their wardrobe. The types and quality of costume jewelry has grown enormously. Today one can purchase what is classified as fine costume jewelry which is usually plated at least seven times with 10 22 ct gold. Swarovski crystal set in gold are common accessories, and cubic zirconium, man's imitation diamond, can be purchased for a fraction of the cost of real diamonds allowing every women to add diamond styled jewelry to their wardrobe. Ciro, Adrian Buckley, Butler and Wilson, Swarovski Crystal Jewelry Napier, Joan Rivers, Joan Collins, Christian Dior, California Crystal, Property of A Lady and of course Kenneth J Lane to name just a few continue to produce high quality fashion jewelry for today's women. Costume jewelry can take you from the board room to a night out of dining and dancing to your most intimate evening. It can make you look your best for your wedding, or a day at the beach. You can make Your Fashion Statement With Costume Jewelry!. Follow us on Facebook You may also like this

discovered diaries from Ancient Egypt reveal amazing details about the construction of the pyramids

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