#Stem Cuttings

[sixtyt-en]

I think that like, the major reason why benrey got so mischaracterized by the fandom at hlvrai's peak popularity was because they forgot he acts like a dmv employee

[oaresearchpaper]

Optimizing Rooting of White Potato Cuttings: A Study of Three Growth Conditions

Abstract

The need to produce a cheap alternative and farmer level technology in the production of clean planting materials of White Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) prompted the investigation on the rooting response of clones from stem cuttings of different age and number of nodes under different concentrations of synthetic plant hormone Alpha-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (ANAA). A zero generation (G0) mother plant was used as a source of clones to examine whether it could produce roots in a sterilized medium. In a replicated split-split plot experimental design with three factors such as the age of the mother plant, number of nodes and levels of growth regulator, we found that roots emerged from clones 18 days after planting in a sterilized river sand. Significant effect on rooting was influenced by the age of cuttings (p=0.0058), number of nodes (p=0.0058) and ANAA (p=<0.0001). Moreover, significant interactions were found among age of cuttings, number of nodes and ANAA concentrations on rooting (p=0.0044). Implications for the feasibility of mass producing clean planting materials from cloning G0 mother plant are discussed.

Introduction

White potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a perennial crop belonging to the Solanaceae family grown mainly for its tubers (Spooner et al., 2014). First cultivated 8000 years ago by the Peruvian farmers in Peru’s Central Andes; now it has more than 4000 different cultivars grown globally (Niekerk et al., 2016; Lutaladio et al., 2009). It was initially introduced in Europe in the sixteenth century and was subsequently distributed throughout the world. Potatoes are the world’s primary non-grain staple food in several countries in Europe and some parts of America due to its nutrient content; with China, India, Ukraine and Russia as top producers (Lutaladio et al., 2009; Shahbandeh, 2022).

The biggest obstacle of the white potato industry in Asia, particularly Philippines is the source of clean planting materials, because potatoes are attacked by bacterial wilt disease caused by pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. The conventional method of white potato propagation is through the use of tubers, but the risk is high. Other methods are the use of True Potato Seeds (TPS), and through stem cuttings (Morais et al., 2018; Shiwani et al., 2021). At present, the Department of Agriculture’s Northern Mindanao Agri Crops and Livestock Research Complex (DANMACLRC) uses the tissue culture technology to mass produce seedlings and tubers as the source of potato clean planting materials, but cannot cope up with the current demand; thus there is pressure to explore other methods.

Numerous studies were conducted to explore and enhance the propagation of potato through stem cuttings. The work of Zaki and Moustafa (2018) for example, used Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at higher concentrations reaching up to 6000 parts per million (ppm) but rooting responses of potato varieties tested differ significantly. Ezzat (2016) dipped the stem cuttings for 1 minute to various rooting hormones such as Indole-3-butyric acid Potassium salt (K-IBA) at 1000 ppm, IAA at 250, and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid NAA at 500 mg/L. The same hormone IAA was tested by Nikmatullah et al. (2018), but other factors such as age of mother plant and number of nodes was included.

In this study we explored the responses and interactions at different ages of Granola white potato stem cuttings, number of nodes, and levels of hormones in terms of its rooting ability and growth. Results and its potential for tuber production are discussed.

Source : Optimizing Rooting of White Potato Cuttings: A Study of Three Growth Conditions | InformativeBD

[oaresearchpaper]

Effect of Growth Regulators on Rooting of Andrographis neesiana: A Valuable Endemic Medicinal Plant of India

Abstract

The present study deals with the vegetative propagation prospects of an endemic medicinal plant Andrographis neesiana Wight, which is familiarly used in herbal medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Due to over exploitation this plant is disappearing from original habitat hence its cultivation on commercial scale is suggested. Stem cuttings of Andrographis neesiana are advantageous to root. Treatment with Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and a-Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) raised rooting and increased shoot development in greenhouse under intermittent misting. IBA and NAA treated cuttings performed improve in all development parameters compared to control. The highest percentage of rooting was observed in IBA 1500 ppm (68.10%). The maximum root length was noted in IBA 2000 ppm (11.20 cm). The roots were profuse and branched in characteristic. Besides this, the survival rate of IBA treated plantlets was 86.45% and NAA treated plantlets was 72.61% in comparison to control where it was 7.32%. The percentage of rooting and root length upgraded by using plant growth hormones, either separate or together. The present investigation concludes that clonal multiplication of these an endemic medicinal plant is feasible through application of plant growth regulators. The significance of these findings on the propagation and conservation of A. neesiana is discussed.

Introduction

Medicinal plants contain importances that can be used for biotherapeutic applications or which are used as precursors for the synthesis of beneficial (Sofowora 1993). The medicinal characteristics of plants lies in their phytochemicals namely alkaloids, flavonoids in addition to other phenolic compounds that co-opt as to producing particular physiological properties to the body of man and animals (Che Man, 2010). However, analysis of extract of Andrographis neesiana was found to be rich in flavones to the expensive phytoconstituent potentialities of the plant. Andrograhis neesiana is therefore grown as a medicinal species for the curing of many ailments particularly in India. (Alagesaboopathi and Balu 1999; Alagesaboopathi and Sivkumar 2011; Ponvinobala et al., 2012a). Andrographis neesiana Wight belongs to the family Acanthaceae and has been widely used in healthcare traditions. The rooted plants by cottage have various advantages such as faster growth rate (Ooyamma and Toyoshima, 1965), greater stock stand uniformity, improve site matching and true-to-type planting material production (Fielding, 1969). Cuttings can be categorized into 3 groups as comfortable to root, difficult to root and inflexible to root (Nanda, 1970).

Species of Andrographis Wallich ex Nees (Acanthaceae) are used in the Indian systems of medicine namely, Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, Naturopathy, Homeopathy, Amachi and Modern (Alagesaboopathi and Balu, 1999). The genus Andrographis as a whole is of potentialities significance to India. The genus exhibits antipyretic characteristics (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975). This genus consists 40 species distributed in Tropical Asia (Anonymous, 1948). About 21 species are distributed in India (Gamble, 1982) and all of them available in Tamilnadu. (Henry et al., 1987). Among the 21 species 18 species are reported to be endemic to India (Ahmedullah and Nayar, 1986). Andrographis neesiana Wight (Fig. 1) is an endemic medicinal species (Ahmedullah and Nayar, 1986) found in wild in Shevaroy Hills of Salem district of Tamilnadu (11o45 and 11o55 N and 78o11 to 78o20E) upto 1500 m.

The pharmaceutical industries is widely dependent upon the wild populations for providing these plant species for extraction of their intrinsic phytochemicals. Moreover, herbal medicine practitioners, local medicine men, village dwellers, vaidyas, tribals (Malayalis), forest dwellers, and other traditional healers often use these collection of the plant materials from forests and lacking experiments either to allow the replenishment or propagation, these critical flora are rapidly vanishing. As a importance, A. neesiana declared as an endemic plant in India (Ahmedullah and Nayar, 1986). Therefore, there is an immediate need to enlarge serviceable cultivation techniques for propagation of these noteworthy medicinal floras which will excessively commercial application. Andrographis neesiana has been used in the treatment of aphrodisiac and antifungal property (Alagesaboopathi and Balu, 1999; Alagesaboopathi and Balu, 2000). Several medicinal properties such as cough, edema, laxative, bitter and overcomes trouble in breathing, worms, liver complaints, acidity, burning sensation, syphilitic ulcers, skin disorders and also veterinary medicines have been attributed to this plant in the traditional systems of Indian medicine (Sivarajan and Balachandran, 2001). It is used in the treatment of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity (Alagesaboopathi and Sivakumar, 2011; Ponvinobala et al., 2012 a, b).

Two new flavonoids, 2, 4, 6, 2, 3, 4- hexamethoxychalcone and 5-hydroxy -7, 2, 5 - trimethoxyflavone together with a known flavone glycoside, echioidinin 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the whole plant extract of Andrographis neesiana (Muntha Kesava Reddy et al., 2003). There is no previous report on use of growth hormones in vegetative propagation of this useful plant. The work was undertaken to result rooting response of A. neesiana under greenhouse using growth regulators and outcomes reported. Auxin is one of the factors for stimulating root productions in cuttings (Hartman et al., 1990). Thakur and Gupta (1998) reported that cutting of Alnus nitida with various concentration of IBA and obtained the maximum root percentage at IBA 800 ppm.

Rooting of stem cutting through action of growth hormones has been undertaken as a protocol for broad scale propagation of this plant following the approach of Senthilkumar et al., 2009; Akwatulira et al., 2011; Saradha and Paulsamy, 2012). Auxins, a category of plant evolution substances are often called as plant growth hormones and performance an important role in coordination of many growth and behavioral technique in the plant life cycle (Tiwari and Kuntal Das, 2010). Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), -Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Indole -3-Butyric Acid (IBA) are conventionally the leading auxins which are usable commercially and can be applied with liquid (liquid formulation) or in talc (powder formulation) for rooting and sprouting of stem cuttings (Hopkins, 1999). The present study therefore aimed at ascertaining the most suitable propagation A. neeisana using stem cuttings. In the present study, the stem cuttings of A. neesiana were treated by plant growth regulators (PGRs), IBA and NAA. The aim of this investigation was to test the potential outcome of plant growth regulators on the stem cuttings and to prefer an optimal concentration of plant growth regulators for stem cuttings of A. neesiana

Source : Effect of growth regulators on rooting of Andrographis neesiana Wight. – a valuable endemic medicinal plant of India

[tonyglowheart]

"how many plants do you currently have"?

.......oh, uhhhh just a,. couple.....,,,.. lmao

*pushes the trays of leaves I have propagating in the bathroom out of view*