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exampassguaranteed · 4 years ago

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What is the recommended maximum number of routers, per area, when using OSPF?

A. 50

B. 100

C. 200

D. 255

Answer: A

When configuring a Dell EMC N-Series switch for voice traffic, which settings are needed?

A. Enable voice VLAN

Set each-interface to LLDP share all VoIP related parameters

Set switchport mode to general

B. Create a VLAN for voice

Set each interface to ISDP share all VoIP related parameters

Set switchport mode to general

C. Enable voice VLAN

Set each interface to LLDP share all VoIP related parameters

Set switchport mode to hybrid

D. Enable voice VLAN

Set each interface to ISDP share all VoIP related parameters

Set switchport mode to general

Answer: A

What is the IP protocol number, in decimal, assigned by IANA for VRRP?

A. 25

B. 112

C. 443

D. 1443

Answer: B

If a VRRP Master router is rebooted, what is the default behavior once it comes back online?

A. An election occurs to determine which router will have the Master role

B. Original VRRP Master will take back control of the Master role

C. Original VRRP Backup will retain the Master role

D. VRRP Master role is determined by the router with the lowest MAC address

Answer: B

An administrator just finished configuring a Dell EMC N-Series switch. After rebooting the switch, the administrator notices that all the configuration settings just entered are gone.

Which command did the administrator fail to enter?

A. Copy running-config startup-config

B. Copy running-config backup-config

C. Copy startup-config backup-config

D. Copy startup-config running-config

Answer: A

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agilealm · 6 years ago

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Terraform Azure Series: Parameters and Modules

As you may recall that I have started to publish my Terraform notes for Azure while I am experiencing it as future another obsolete reference :) Please refer my first introductory article if you haven't read the basics of infrastructure as code - IAC

Purpose of this article is to teach you basic concepts like variables, modules, state files through very basic provisioning of a virtual server from the Azure environment.

Variables & Modules:

Terraform stores bits and pieces of infra in *.tf files where you might have only one long tf file or multiple *.tf files to manage a large number of assets and for flexibility and modularity. You can use representative names for above-mentioned tf files such as securityGroups.tf, servers.tf, resourceGroups.tf, resourcemanaegrs.tf etc. All of these files combined into one large tf file behind the scenes once terraform command such as plan, apply or destroy is called.

The proper naming convention will give you a clear overview of the setting and objects to be created. As you can see in the above image, various settings and resources are stored in different files. For example, variables are stored in variables.tf, where "azure_region" is a variable and its default value, is set to "North Europe". Now see the below snippet that uses a variable defined in another file (variables.tf):

resource "azurerm_public_ip" "public_ip_for_prototypeVM" { name = "public_ip" location = "${var.azure_region}" resource_group_name = "${azurerm_resource_group.azure_resource_group.name}" allocation_method = "Dynamic" tags = { environment = "Public Ip Azure Demo" }

The code above (ipAddresses.tf) uses ${var.xxxxx} definition from variables.tf file and variables stored in this separate file can be reached from any tf file stored under the project folder.

location = "${var.azure_region}"

State Files:

State files such as terraform.tfstate keeps track of the id's of created resources to manage in later stages. Remember that state file might contain sensitive information such as plain passwords, secrets, connection strings, tenant id's and more so MUST NOT be committed to terraform the main repository.

Now is time to complete the mission: " spin a virtual server in the Azure Cloud" Here are the basic prerequisites:

Network/Sub Networks with private/public IP addresses.

Basic Security Group to control in/out traffic.

Network Interface - NIC to assign to our VM.

Let's start with the first item network and subnetwork as follows:

resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "azureVPC" { address_space = ["10.0.0.0/16"] location = "${var.azure_region}" name = "azureVPC" resource_group_name = "${azurerm_resource_group.azure_resource_group.name}" dns_servers = ["10.0.0.4","10.0.0.5"] } resource "azurerm_subnet" "subnetOne_for_AzureVPC" { address_prefix = "10.0.1.0/24" name = "subnetOne" resource_group_name = "${azurerm_resource_group.azure_resource_group.name}" virtual_network_name = "${azurerm_virtual_network.azureVPC.name}" } resource "azurerm_subnet" "subnetTwo_for_AzureVPC" { address_prefix = "10.0.2.0/24" name = "subnetOne" resource_group_name = "${azurerm_resource_group.azure_resource_group.name}" virtual_network_name = "${azurerm_virtual_network.azureVPC.name}"

}

The above code is self-explanatory: it creates a new virtual network called "azureVPC' with address space of 10.0.0.0/16 under main resource group. Similar to the virtual network, subnetworks are created accordingly subnetOne and subnetTwo. Below is our basic security group:

resource "azurerm_network_security_group" "security_group_standartPorts" { name = "standartPorts-SSH-Web" location = "${var.azure_region}" resource_group_name = "${azurerm_resource_group.azure_resource_group.name}" security_rule { name = "SSH" priority = 1001 direction = "Inbound" access = "Allow" protocol = "Tcp" source_port_range = "*" destination_port_range = "22" source_address_prefix = "*" destination_address_prefix = "*" }

}

Our security group only contains one inbound rule for the SSH port 22 that accepts any port and IP as a source address. Now it is time to define our NIC but before we need an IP address to assign it:

}

it is dynamically allocated IP address managed under same Azure resource group. Time to create a NIC and assign our fresh IP address to it:

resource "azurerm_network_interface" "interface1" { name = "interface1" location = "${var.azure_region}" resource_group_name = "${azurerm_resource_group.azure_resource_group.name}" network_security_group_id = "${azurerm_network_security_group.security_group_standartPorts.id}" ip_configuration { name = "myNicConfiguration" subnet_id = "${azurerm_subnet.subnetOne_for_AzureVPC.id}" private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic" public_ip_address_id = "${azurerm_public_ip.public_ip_for_prototypeVM.id}" }

}

Our NIC called interface1 uses public IP address created in the previous step. Now showtime: Ask for our first VM:

resource "azurerm_virtual_machine" "demo_VM" { name = "DemoVM" location = "${var.azure_region}" resource_group_name = "${azurerm_resource_group.azure_resource_group.name}" network_interface_ids = ["${azurerm_network_interface.interface1.id}"] vm_size = "Standard_B1s" storage_os_disk { name = "mainDisk" caching = "ReadWrite" create_option = "FromImage" managed_disk_type = "Standard_LRS" } storage_image_reference { publisher = "Canonical" offer = "UbuntuServer" sku = "16.04.0-LTS" version = "latest" } os_profile { computer_name = "DemoVM" admin_username = "azureuser" } os_profile_linux_config { disable_password_authentication = true ssh_keys { path = "/home/azureuser/.ssh/authorized_keys" key_data = file("~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub") } }

}

Our Linux VM is very tiny as Standart B1s type with Standard main disk. Don't forget you can separate image references, os related information into a centeralized file for further flexibilit.y you can find the list of VM types and their details at:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/sizes-general

Our tiny ubuntu uses ssh key (read from a local system as a file("~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub") ) to login rather password-based authentication. I am sure that you know to generate a key as (MAC) or use Putty for MS. Windows systems:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

Time to see everything is ok and you already know which command to run!

terraform plan

See if there aren't any errors. Fix them and be ready to spin your first VM with:

terraform apply

I assume you reply "yes" after the above command. You can now see the created resources:

Apply complete! Resources: 8 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

Find out your IP address and login to your new Linux using ssh as:

ssh [email protected]

Congratulations! Your first VM is ready now enjoy but delete all components for additional charges (terraform destroy)

Let me have some break and continue with another article such as deploy dockerized container or k8s using Terraform.

p.s. : Please let me know if you stuck at any step due to miss explanations again everything in a rush.

#terraform #azure #iac

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ennegarciablogs · 6 years ago

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How to Use the DHCP Feature on a Router

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) feature enables an individual to assign a different IP address to all the devices paired to their router network. This helps in resolving any network error issues while using two or more devices on the same network as every device is assigned with its own unique IP address. This allows an individual to access all of their devices at once and that too without facing any connection errors, so if you wish to activate this feature on your router, then follow the steps mentioned below.

Steps to Search Your Router Address on Windows

First, ensure that your PC is connected with the internet. If by any means, your computer system is not paired with the internet, then you will fail to find the address of your router. Use Ethernet cable if your router is unable to connect to your computer.

Now launch the Start menu by holding “Win” key from your keyboard, or you can simply select the Windows logo from the bottom left of your display screen.

Then choose the “Settings” option from the extreme left of your Start menu.

After that, choose the “Network & Internet” option from the Settings tab.

Now scroll down from the Network & Internet window and select the “View your network properties” option.

Then look for the “Default gateway” option. You will be able to view some numbers adjacent to this option. This number code is the address of your router which would be required to change the DHCP settings.

By following the steps mentioned above, an individual can easily find their IP address from their Windows computer. If you have a Mac system, then you can go through the steps mentioned below to find the address for your router to configure your DHCP settings.

Steps to Search Your Router Address on Mac

First, make sure that your Mac system is linked with an internet connection. It is necessary to make sure that your device is paired with an internet connection, as it would be impossible to find your router address if the internet connection won’t be enabled.

You can also choose to use an Ethernet cable to pair your router with your Mac to ensure the internet connection is stable at all times while you look for the address of your router.

Now launch the Apple menu by selecting the Apple logo from the extreme top-left of your display screen.

Then launch the “System Preferences” option from the Apple menu drop down menu.

After that choose the “Network” option from the popped up System Preferences panel.

Now select the “Advanced” option.

Then choose the “TCP/IP” option from the Advanced popped-up panel.

Now look for “Router” option. You will be able to observe some numbers adjacent to the Router option. This number is the address of your router, and it will come in handy to customize your DHCP settings.

By going through the steps mentioned above, users can easily find the address of their router by using a Mac device. Once you have access to the IP Address of your router, follow the steps mentioned below to customize your DHCP settings.

Steps to Enable Your Router’s DHCP Settings

Head to your systems web browser and launch it.

Now enter the address of your router. By doing so, you will be redirected to your routers home page.

Then enter your ID and password if prompted.

Generally, the router ID and password are available on the manual of the router; still, you can use the router name or model to look for the user name and password online.

If you have previously changed the password of your router, then enter that passcode or use the reset button on the router to bring it back to its factory settings.

After that head to your router’s settings page. Consider the fact that every router has a different appearance to their home page, so don’t be confused and simply search for the option named Router settings.

Now look for “DHCP settings” option. If you fail to observe any such title or option, then try to navigate to other options equivalent to it. You can also search for options like “Setup settings, Advanced settings or Local settings” to find the DHCP settings.

Once you find the DHCP settings panel, select the “Enable DHCP” option.

Then save your new settings by choosing the “Save” button. If your system pop-up a restart your system dialog, then select “OK” and restart your computer system to apply the new settings permanently.

Hopefully, users will now be able to customize their router’s DHCP settings and enjoy browsing the internet on multiple devices, without worrying about the connection error code.

Enne Garcia is a self-professed security expert; she has been making the people aware of the security threats. Her passion is to write about Cyber security, cryptography, malware, social engineering, internet and new media. She writes for Norton security products at norton.com/setup.

Source: https://quicksetupme.com/how-to-use-the-dhcp-feature-on-a-router/

#Use DHCP Feature on a Router #norton setup #norton.com/setup #www.norton.com/setup

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huynh995 · 5 years ago

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How to Pick the Right Camera Bag for Your Needs

One of the matters that maximum photographers, particularly the newbies, take without any consideration is their digital digicam bag. While others are pretty choosy with the bag they use for his or her paraphernalia (which include the digital digicam itself), pretty some are contented with simply the usage of their ordinary backpacks.

Using the proper digital digicam bag is essential due to the fact it's miles the primary aspect which you use to soundly bring and shipping your equipment. As there are pretty a number of picks withinside the marketplace nowadays, selecting one which’s exact, dependable, useful and strong may be pretty difficult. To assist you address this dilemma, right here are a few recommendations that you may use as a manual for purchasing your first digital digicam bag.

View and select the following cameras and accessories:

https://fry-electronics.com/product/%e3%80%905mp-8channel%e3%80%91hiseeu-security-camera-systemh-265-8ch-dvr-4pcs-ahd-camerasglobal-phonepc-remotehuman-detect-alarm98ft-night-visionip66-waterproof24-7-recordingeasy-setupplug/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/1296p-hd-police-body-camera128g-memorycammpro-premium-portable-body-camerawaterproof-body-worn-camera-with-2-inch-displaynight-visiongps-for-law-enforcement-recordersecurity-guardspersonal-use/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/14-8v-230wh-v-mount-v-lock-new-rechargeable-battery-compatible-with-sony-video-digital-camera-camcorder-broadcast-dslrled-lightmonitorhdcamxdcam-and-other-camcorders/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/2020-upgraded-nexigo-autofocus-1080p-webcam-with-microphone-and-privacy-cover-noise-reduction-hd-usb-web-camera-for-online-class-zoom-meeting-youtube-skype-facetime-pc-mac-laptop-desktop/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/30-mp-digital-camera-hd-mini-pocket-camera-camera-2-7-inch-lcd-screen-camera-with-8x-digital-zoom-compact-cameras-for-adult-kids-beginners/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/4k-camcorder-lightweight-mini-video-camera-ordro-ep6-head-wearable-video-camera-full-hd-1080p-60fps-mini-vlog-camera-recorder-with-wifi-and-remote-controlwith-64gb-micro-sd-card/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/4k-camcorder-video-camera-for-youtube-hd-48mp-30fps-18x-digital-zoom-camera-3-0-inch-touch-screen-ir-night-vision-with-external-microphone-and-remote-control/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/4k-camcorder-video-camera-kot-hd-wifi-3-0-inch-ips-touch-screen-48mp-16x-powerful-digital-zoom-camera-with-microphone-and-wide-angle-lens-ir-night-vision-vlogging-video-camera-recorder-handy-cam/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/4k-camcorder-video-camera-vlogging-camera-for-youtube-rosdeca-ultra-hd-48-0mp-wifi-digital-camera-ir-night-vision-3-0-ips-touch-screen-16x-digital-zoom-with-microphone-wide-angle-lens-memory-card/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/4k-camcorder-video-camerawifi-hd-1080p-digital-zoom-camera-night-vision-camaras-with-microphone-wide-angle-lens-hood-camera-recorder/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/4k-camcorder-vlogging-camera-for-youtube-ordro-hdr-ac3-ultra-hd-video-camera-1080p-60fps-ir-night-vision-wi-fi-camera-recorder-digital-camcorders-with-microphone-wide-angle-lens-handheld-stabilizer/

https://fry-electronics.com/product/4k-video-camera-camcorder-vlogging-camera-for-youtube-uhd-48m-30fps-digital-zoom-camcorder-infrared-night-vision-3-in-touch-screen-recorder-with-hood-support-webcam-microphone/

Choosing the Ideal Camera Bag

The first aspect you want to determine on is what form of digital digicam bag you'll buy. Yes, there are numerous kinds:

Pouches & Cases

These luggage are supposed best for small compact cameras, now no longer to your DSLR. Most humans use a digital digicam pouch or case with a belt loop and wrist strap. These luggage have wallet in which small gadgets like batteries and reminiscence playing cards are kept.

Waist Belt

A barely larger digital digicam bag is the waist pack. This is ideal for photographers who need comfort in wearing their paraphernalia. This hands-loose option, though, continues to be now no longer endorsed for severe photographers.

Shoulder Bags

Shoulder luggage are famous amongst many photographers. Most designs characteristic cushty straps, rain flaps, long lasting zippers or even a few Velcro attachments. There are shoulder luggage for cameras which have more than one wallet meant for add-ons and small gadgets. Additionally, lots of those luggage additionally have covers which might be water-proof. The designs vary, so it is going to be smooth to select out one which fits your desires or preferences.

Backpacks

Backpacks have grow to be extraordinarily famous picks for plenty severe photographers. One of the motives for that is their functionality. They are available in specific sizes and are certainly spacious, so that you can installed extra than simply your images gear. Your backpack can accommodate now no longer best digital digicam add-ons, however additionally different gadgets like packed lunch, greater apparel and your cell phone.

Some backpacks have integrated wheels, so that they may be without problems transformed into rolling luggage. Absolutely ideal for whilst you journey to specific assignments. There are rolling luggage, though, which might be made specially for photographers. However, they're larger and bulkier as compared to backpacks.

Holsters

If you operate a single-lens DSLR or a bridge digital digicam, the holster or zoomster can be the first-rate digital digicam bag for you. This snout-formed bag is handy to hold anytime, anywhere. It is available in specific sizes and has more than one wallet to your add-ons. A holster efficaciously holds and protects a digital digicam via its tapered cavity.

Hard Cases

Despite the various kinds which have surfaced withinside the beyond years, many photographers nonetheless favor to use tough instances for his or her cameras and images gears. Hard instances are as long lasting as you need them to be. You can kick your tough case or throw it round, and it won’t get all destroyed and torn up.

There are specific patterns for tough instances. Some appearance certainly easy, whilst others are formed and sized uniquely. Some tough instances have closed-mobileular foam inner, whilst others are honestly padded. They have collapsible handles and also can include wheels.

What Type of Photography Do You Do?

Determining which bag kind fits you first-rate approach thinking about the form of images which you do. Are you going to journey a lot? Or will your project take you to rugged locations? Is panorama images your specialty? These are simply a number of the questions you want to invite your self to decide whether or not you’ll want a backpack, a tough case or a shoulder bag.

After you’ve determined what form of digital digicam bag you want, right here are the alternative stuff you want to do not forget or do:

Choose a digital digicam bag with great materials. You can pick out from cotton, canvas, leather-based or ballistic nylon. Make certain you pick out one which has water-resistant functions so that you can shoot effortlessly even though the climate is unpredictable.

The length of the bag additionally matters. How large a bag do you want? What gadgets do you need to bring round whilst you shoot? Are you going to apply your telephoto lens all of the time? If so, you’ll want a digital digicam bag that could appropriately maintain the lens.

What type of safety do you need out of your digital digicam bag? As referred to earlier, there are luggage with easy padding, whilst there are designs that include closed-mobileular foams withinside the interiors. The type of padding that a bag has will decide the type of safety your digital digicam and gears could get. It is likewise important to discover a digital digicam bag this is water-resistant. Make certain that the flaps may be tightly sealed and that the zips aren't exposed (as this may purpose water to seep into the insides of the bag). There are digital digicam luggage with water-proof covers that could efficiently offer safety from moisture and the rain.

Comfort and comfort are essential elements while selecting a digital digicam bag. Choose one with padded straps of simply the proper length. Make certain the bag (particularly if it’s a backpack or shoulder bag) does now no longer drag you down due to the fact it’s too low (whilst you location your gears inner). To keep away from this problem, strive out and weigh the bag earlier than shopping for it. Ask the shop clerk that will help you stuff a few matters inner or, when you have your digital digicam and paraphernalia with you, positioned them inner and strive wearing the bag. If it feels exact despite all of the stuff you crammed inner, it’s going to be cushty and handy for you.

Other matters to do not forget: Does the bag have more than one wallet or compartments? Does it have a pc bag (a few photographers bring round their laptops)? Does your tripod match into it? Will your add-ons match withinside the wallet and compartments? Does it have a water bottle holder?

Before you head out and shoot, contend with your digital digicam and your images paraphernalia first. Find an amazing great digital digicam bag. If you do not forget your digital digicam one in every of your first-rate investments in life, you shouldn’t take the mission of selecting and shopping for a digital digicam bag so lightly!

#How to Pick the Right Camera Bag for Your Needs

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skqq-net · 5 years ago

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IPv4 vs IPv6: What’s The Difference, And Should You Care?

In the event you occur to may perchance be an avid shopper of tech information, you’d neatly have heard of the get’s IP handle catastrophe. Briefly, the group that type of runs the get (ICANN) has flee out of most fashionable IP addresses helpful out.

And that’s type of a rotund deal.

So, a model modern handle gadget often called IPv6 is right here to again. It’s an increase on the standard IPv4 addresses. However what does the variation between IPv4 and IPv6 level out for you?

Which should quiet you make the most of and the way will you originate mosey it’s a must to perchance perchance be prepared to handle IPv6?

Listed right here, I’ll reply to these questions. These are the precept stuff it’s a must to quiet know when evaluating IPv4 vs IPv6:

What’s an IP?

IPv4 vs IPv6: What’s IPv4?

The difference between IPv4 and IPv6

Some obedient benefits of using IPv6

IPv4 or IPv6: Which one to utilize?

What type I need to earn IPv6?

What’s an IP?

IP stands for Internet Protocol and, construct merely, is what allows the get to function.

And, no, I’m no longer exaggerating.

IP supplies the dialog developing most foremost for computer systems to go looking the recommendation of with each other by the get. It’s a mode of standardizing the packets of information each internet-associated device sends and receives.

The physique in cost for distributing IP addresses is is called ICANN, which stands for the ‘Internet Firm for Assigned Names and Numbers’.

Each time a packet is transferred over the get, it will cling two IP addresses: that of the sender and that of the receiver. Which system or no longer it’s miles most foremost each device related to the get is assigned an IP handle.

It does not need to be a diversified handle though (further on that later), as a result of it will even be shared throughout an area community.

IPv4 vs IPv6: What’s IPv4?

IPv4 is fast for Internet Protocol Model 4. It’s quiet historic by the immense majority of stylish internet-associated gadgets however was in reality introduced in 1983. IPv4 addresses survey love this case: 191.113.485.213. The vital factor factor to be taught about IPv4 is that or no longer it’s a 32-bit gadget. Bits are a unit of information historic in binary counting.

Any computer specialists discovering out it will already take heed to binary, however all that issues right here is that the sequence of bits the gadget makes use of determines what number of addresses it will make.

As an illustration, a 4-bit handle gadget can contain 24, or fairly 16, diversified addresses. Equally, the 32-bit IPv4 gadget includes 232 addresses. That works out to ethical over 4 billion IP addresses!

4 billion sounds love an disagreeable lot does not it? However this is the problem: we now have flee out of IPv4 addresses!

Be conscious, there are solely about eight billion of us within the area, so IPv4 does not have the talent to assemble every individual a diversified handle.

Compounding the problem is the precise indisputable fact that, again within the 80s, some ISPs had been assigned actually hundreds and hundreds of IP addresses they did no longer want which led to a ton of unassigned IPv4 addresses going to extinguish.

The Distinction Between IPv4 and IPv6

No longer like IPv4 addresses, which are purely numeric, IPv6 addresses in reality cling letters furthermore to numbers. 2009:0th2: 12b5: 0000: 0001:6s6n: 0818: 8449 is an occasion IPv6 handle.

The vital factor increase IPv6 supplies over IPv4 is the sequence of addresses it includes. IPv6 is 128-bit, so there are 2128 doable IPv6 addresses.

That is roughly 340 undecillion diversified mixtures. What’s an undecillion? Picture a 1 adopted by 35 zeros. So, an whole sequence of doable mixtures is, discontinuance aware for it:

34,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.

Undoubtedly, the sector may even no longer flee out of IPv6 addresses anytime quickly!

The Benefits of Utilizing IPv6

Attributable to of the immense sequence of doable addresses, if each web enabled device was using IPv6, every will likely be given a diversified handle. With IPv4, gadgets on the an identical community share the an identical IP handle. The Network Address Translation (NAT) know-how which allows them to type that may also be a dilapidated stage for hacking assaults, so IPv6 will carry safety benefits by eliminating the necessity for it.

One different advantage of IPv6 is that it will earn rid of the chance of IP handle collisions.

These are errors that occur when two or further gadgets on the an identical community do not look like prepared to tell apart each other efficiently.

Most commonly they’re moderately straightforward to restore – however with IPv6, this problem totally disappears, and also you earn a lot much less buggy networking.

IPv6 can also be a fair greater instrument for multicast routing. Multicasts are historic by streaming services to broadcast a single information copy to a smartly-defined place of explicit individual addresses. IPv6 is a far further relevant format for multicasts given that streaming host is aware of in plot that every IP handle handiest represents a single device.

Theoretically, due to the it makes use of easier information headers and is further optimized for see-to-see web site guests, IPv6 should quiet additionally present effectivity benefits over IPv4.

Then once more, most fashionable effectivity comparability be taught have not confirmed a rotund distinction between the 2 protocols. Which can neatly be due to the IPv6 connections are hAMPered by an absence of relevant infrastructure.

So, we will depend on tangible race enhancements over time as know-how catches up.

IPv4 or IPv6: Which One To Use?

After discovering out about all of some obedient benefits of IPv6, you’d specialize in that’s an beside the extent demand, however IPv6 is the obvious want, factual?

Properly, no longer essentially. No matter your whole networking enhancements it supplies, handiest 5% of the get is at present using IPv6.

IPv6 uptake stays low due to the upgrading to an IPv6 gadget requires modern networking {hardware} and instrument, making it pricey for web service corporations to originate the swap. Worse quiet, IPv6 is rarely all the time backward relevant so, within the event you’d determine to flee an IPv6 good on-line web web page, additionally, you will should protect an IPv4 model too.

Attributable to IPv6 is so extraordinary, web corporations at the moment are not liable to originate rolling out updates that take advantage of it anytime quickly, as handiest a minority of customers will sight the variation. In type, as a shopper, the costs of upgrading are liable to outweigh the benefits within the attain future.

IPv6 utilization is handiest going to originate greater in some unspecified time in the future though. So within the event you flee a enterprise that operates a immense networking gadget, it’s a must to quiet originate future-proofing by investing in IPv6 tech now as your substitute may even take months, and even years to whole.

What Function I Need for IPv6?

To have IPv6 enabled, it’s most sensible to have a relevant working gadget, and a router furthermore to ISP with IPv6 improve. And as a matter of actuality, you may already be using an IPv6 gadget with out realizing it.

Sooner than you take present of upgrading, it’s a must to quiet uncover within the event you’re by checking your connection’s IPv6 improve with a making an attempt out service.

IPv6 connections are further whole in richer nations the place internet service corporations have the sources accessible to need modern gear. So if it’s a must to perchance perchance be positioned in a tech hub metropolis, the potentialities that you just are already using IPv6 are tremendously greater.

If, within the event you check out it, you search to your web connection is handiest relevant with IPv4 addresses, you have to all the subsequent to originate the swap to IPv6:

An working gadget that helps IPv6: Here is the straightforward one. Each most fashionable iteration of Home windows, Linux, and Mac OS X comes with IPv6 compatibility as conventional.

An IPv6 relevant router: A complete bunch routers now embody IPv6 compatibility, however many set up no longer have it turned on by default. It’s value double checking the specs of your unique router (as you’d even be able to allow IPv6 connections inside its settings menu) previous to you head out and salvage a pricey improve.

A subscription to an IPv6 good ISP: Attributable to of its slack world uptake, heaps of ISPs have not invested in modern IPv6 {hardware} but. Make mosey you check out if yours has previous to you misery altering your inside most networking gear.

IPv4 vs IPv6 – Closing Show

Whether or not you flee a inside most or enterprise community gadget, or no longer it’s miles most foremost to be aware that in some unspecified time in the future, the vast majority of web corporations will originate the swap to IPv6. When that occurs, upgrading will likely be important within the event you’d determine to protect compatibility with the services you make the most of day-after-day.

To take whether or not or no longer or now to not improve to an IPv6 gadget, search information from your self whether or not or no longer you’d determine to make use of the money to future-proof your self now, or wait until IPv6 gear costs have fallen and menace having to poke by the changeover process.

What type you specialize in referring to the IPv4 vs IPv6 debate? In the event you occur to made the changeover, I may determine to hearken to about your abilities. Please painting me within the event you’d even have seen the benefits by commenting beneath!

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johnattaway · 5 years ago

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Where Wildcard Ssl Javascript

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robertbryantblog · 5 years ago

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Where Wildcard Ssl Javascript

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wolfliving · 6 years ago

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Frequently Asked Questions about the Princeton IoT Inspector

https://iot-inspector.princeton.edu/blog/post/faq/

Frequently Asked Questions

2019-04-01

You are being invited to take part in a research study. Before you decide to participate in this study, it is important that you understand why the research is being done and what it will involve. Please take the time to read the following information carefully. Please ask the researchers if there is anything that is not clear or if you need more information.

To read more about how we collect your data, scroll down using this link.

General questions about our research

What is the purpose of the IoT Inspector project?

Many people use smart-home devices, also known as the Internet-of-Things (IoT), in their daily lives, ranging from bulbs, plugs, and sensors, to TVs and kitchen appliances. To a large extent, these devices enrich the lives of many users. At the same time, they may bring negative impact to their owners.

Security and privacy risks. Many IoT devices are designed with poor security practices, such as using hard-coded passwords, lack of strong authentication, and not running updates. Devices may be hacked, and an attacker could potentially control the devices or steal sensitive information of the user.

Performance risks. A user may have a large number of IoT devices in his/her home. Together, these devices compete for limited bandwidth, which may degrade the overall performance of the home network.

Our goal is to measure and visualize these risks, both for research and for the user. To this end, we release IoT Inspector — an open-source software that you can download to inspect your home network and identify any privacy, security, and performance problems associated with your IoT devices.

[Back to top]

What is IoT Inspector?

IoT Inspector is a Windows/Linux/Mac application that you can run on laptops, desktops, but not tablets or smartphones. By using a technique known as “ARP spoofing,” this software monitors network activities of all IoT devices connected to the home network (e.g., your “smart” appliances). It collects and shows you the following information:

who the IoT device contacts on the Internet, and whether the contacted party is malicious or is known to track users

how much data is exchanged (in terms of bytes per second) between the device and the contacted parties

how often the data is exchanged

IoT Inspector collects and sends the information above to the researchers only when it is running — until the user terminates or uninstalls IoT Inspector.

Note that IoT Inspector does not collect the following information:

network activities of phones, computers, or tablets

actual contents of communication

any personally identifiable information, such as your home network’s IP address, the MAC addresses of your devices, your name and email

Also note that IoT Inspector is not intended to replace existing security software packages on the your system, such as Avast, McAfee, or Windows Defender. You are still strongly recommended to engage in secure computing practices, e.g., running regular system updates, not reusing passwords, enabling firewalls, and running well-known security software.

[Back to top]

What are the benefits of using IoT Inspector?

IoT Inspector aims to provide you with transparency into your IoT devices, e.g.,

whether your IoT device is sharing your information with third parties;

whether your IoT device is hacked (for instance, engaged in DDoS attacks);

or whether your IoT device is slowing down your home network.

Aside from offering the above benefits, IoT Inspector also collects confidential data that helps us with IoT research — specifically, measuring and mitigating the security, privacy, and performance problems of IoT devices. For more information about our research, visit https://iot-inspector.princeton.edu/.

[Back to top]

Data Privacy and Security

What data does IoT Inspector collect?

For each IoT device on your network, IoT Inspector will collect the following information and sends it to our secure server at Princeton University:

Device manufacturers, based on the first 6 characters of the MAC address of each device on your network

DNS requests and responses.

Destination IP addresses and ports contacted — but not your public-facing IP address (i.e., one that your ISP assigns to you).

Scrambled MAC addresses (i.e., with a salted hash).

Aggregate traffic statistics — i.e., number of bytes sent and received over a period of time.

Names of devices on your network. We collect this information from the following sources:

Your manual input — i.e., you can tell us what devices you have.

User Agent string — i.e., a short text (typically fewer than 100 characters) that your IoT device sends to the Internet that announces what type of device it is. This text does not typically include any personally identifiable information. For example, if you have a Samsung Smart TV, the User Agent string might look like “Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Tizen 2.3) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko)Version/2.3 TV Safari/538.1”.

SSDP messages — i.e., a short message (typically fewer than 100 characters) that your IoT device announces to the entire home network which includes its name. Again, this text does not typically include any personally identifiable information. For instance, if you have a Google Chromecast, it typically announces itself as “google_cast” or “Chromecast” via SSDP.

DHCP hostnames — i.e., a short text (typically fewer than 100 characters) that your IoT device announces to the entire home network which includes its name. Similarly, this text does not typically include any personally identifiable information. For example, a Wemo smart plug typically announces itself as “wemo” via DHCP.

(We collect from the sources above because some IoT devices may use none or some of the sources above for self-identification.)

TLS client handshake — i.e., a short piece of data (typically fewer than 1,400 characters) that your IoT device sends to the Internet in order to establish a secure connection.

This text does not typically include any personally identifiable information.

We use this data to identify potentially vulnerable IoT devices — for instance, because they are using an outdated or insecure encryption function, in which case we notify the user of the risks of using the device.

For exact details of how we collect these data, see the source code: https://github.com/noise-lab/iot-inspector-client/blob/master/v2-src/data_upload.py. You can also download the data yourself; see this question in the FAQ.

Note that IoT Inspector will collect the traffic of all IoT devices connected to your home network while IoT Inspector is in operation. Examples of IoT devices that IoT Inspector can analyze include (but not limited to): Google Home, Amazon Echo, security cameras, smart TVs, and smart plugs. Computers, tablets, or phones will be automatically excluded. You can also manually exclude devices by either powering them down while setting up IoT Inspector, or specifying their MAC addresses.

If you do not want IoT Inspector to collect data from a particular IoT device (e.g., because it collects sensitive medical information), please disconnect it from the network now, before you start running IoT Inspector. If you are unable to disconnect it (e.g., because you need to keep the device running, or because you do not know how to disconnect it), you cannot use IoT Inspector.

[Back to top]

How does IoT Inspector make sure it doesn’t collect sensitive information?

We make sure that all data collected is confidential.....

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blogcraftystudentbeliever · 7 years ago

Photo

rocky@balboa:~$ Blog No command 'Blog' found, did you mean: Command 'flog' from package 'flog' (universe) Command 'xlog' from package 'xlog' (universe) Command 'vlog' from package 'atfs' (universe) Command 'klog' from package 'openafs-krb5' (universe) Command 'klog' from package 'klog' (universe) Command 'klog' from package 'openafs-client' (universe) Command 'elog' from package 'elog' (universe) Command 'rlog' from package 'rcs' (universe) Command 'plog' from package 'ppp' (main) Command 'clog' from package 'clog' (universe) Blog: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Articles Articles: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Bible No command 'Bible' found, did you mean: Command 'bible' from package 'bible-kjv' (universe) Bible: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Code No command 'Code' found, did you mean: Command 'ode' from package 'plotutils' (universe) Command 'node' from package 'nodejs-legacy' (universe) Code: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Fun Fun: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ arul's utilities > track ip addresses, phone numbers, etc > MAC Address and OUI Lookup > > This program displays the name of the company that manufactured your network card. You can also do a reverse lookup and find the MAC addresses registered by a company. > Enter MAC address or OUI (first 6 digits) > > Select lookup type: lookup mac lookup vendor > > example: 00:0B:14 > > This database was last updated on x > Results for MAC address 78:CA:39 > > Found 1 results. > MAC Address/OUIVendor {Company} > 78:CA:39Tabluae Limited > Direct link to this result: > What is a MAC address? What is OUI? > > A MAC address is a unique identifier for network interfaces. It is a 48-bit number (12 hexadecimal characters). They can either be written in either of these formats: > > MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS > MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS > > An OUI {Organizationally Unique Identifier} is a 24-bit number that uniquely identifies a vendor or manufacturer. They are purchased and assigned by the IEEE. The OUI is basically the first three octets of a MAC address. For example, these are examples of OUI: > > 00:00:0A -- this is owned by Omron > 00-0D-4B -- this is owned by Roku, LLC > > How to find the MAC address > How to find the MAC address in Windows > > Go to the DOS prompt > Click on Start button, select Run > Type cmd and press ENTER > In the DOS prompt, type ipconfig /all and press ENTER > You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 > > How to find the MAC address in Unix or Linux > > Go to a terminal > In the terminal, type ifconfig and press ENTER > You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 following HWaddr > > How to find the MAC address in Mac OS > > Go to Utilities (Finder > Utilities OR command + shift + u) and start the Terminal app. > Type this in the Terminal: > > networksetup -listallhardwareports > > You will be a list of all the network interfaces with their MAC addresses (Ethernet Address). An example output is this: > > $ networksetup -listallhardwareports > > Hardware Port: Bluetooth DUN > Device: Bluetooth-Modem > Ethernet Address: N/A > > Hardware Port: Ethernet > Device: en0 > Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:xx:xx:xx > > Hardware Port: FireWire > Device: fw0 > Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:ff:fe:xx:xx:xx > > Hardware Port: Wi-Fi > Device: en1 > Ethernet Address: 4c:8d:79:xx:xx:xx > > Hardware Port: Bluetooth PAN > Device: en3 > Ethernet Address: N/A > > VLAN Configurations > =================== > > Home > Network Utilities > MAC Address Lookup > > Check your IP Address > > Network > IP address tracker > telephone tracker > wireless network key > which webserver > MAC address lookup > IP/CIDR subnet > IP to hostname > hostname to IP > view HTTP headers > > Text/String/Math > JSON sort > text case convert > aquarium calculator > timestamp to date > hash generator > > Geographic > US states/territories > geolocation detection > ssn lookup > zip code lookup > areacode lookup > country information > > Miscellaneous > find facebook ID > word pronunciation > facebook popularity > user agent string > gravatar icons > detect browser language > tag generator > phishing website test > gzip compression test > proxy server check > > Share this with others > facebook twitter linkedin google+ > Share on WhatsApp > Current Bible verse > For the Spirit that God has given us does not make us timid; instead, His Spirit fills us with power, love, and self-control. > 2 Timothy 1:7 > Technical Articles > Subscribe > About > > This website consists of a collection of tools and utilities I wrote over the years. The Articles section has a bunch of technical articles covering various areas like web servers, security, email tracking and others. > Databases > > Free Shell Servers > User Agent Database > > More > > Share via Whatsapp > > Find on Facebook Follow on Google+ Follow on Twitter RSS/Atom Feed > Copyright © 2000 - 2018 Arul John > > home | about me | blog | articles | Bible | code | deals | help > > > Blog > Articles > Bible > Code > Fun > > arul's utilities bash: aruls utilities track ip addresses, phone numbers, etc MAC Address and OUI Lookup

This program displays the name of the company that manufactured your network card. You can also do a reverse lookup and find the MAC addresses registered by a company. Enter MAC address or OUI (first 6 digits)

Select lookup type: lookup mac lookup vendor

example: 00:0B:14

This database was last updated on x Results for MAC address 78:CA:39

Found 1 results. MAC Address/OUIVendor {Company} 78:CA:39Tabluae Limited Direct link to this result: What is a MAC address? What is OUI?

A MAC address is a unique identifier for network interfaces. It is a 48-bit number (12 hexadecimal characters). They can either be written in either of these formats:

MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS

An OUI {Organizationally Unique Identifier} is a 24-bit number that uniquely identifies a vendor or manufacturer. They are purchased and assigned by the IEEE. The OUI is basically the first three octets of a MAC address. For example, these are examples of OUI:

00:00:0A -- this is owned by Omron 00-0D-4B -- this is owned by Roku, LLC

How to find the MAC address How to find the MAC address in Windows

Go to the DOS prompt Click on Start button, select Run Type cmd and press ENTER In the DOS prompt, type ipconfig /all and press ENTER You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00

How to find the MAC address in Unix or Linux

Go to a terminal In the terminal, type ifconfig and press ENTER You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 following HWaddr

How to find the MAC address in Mac OS

Go to Utilities (Finder > Utilities OR command + shift + u) and start the Terminal app. Type this in the Terminal:

networksetup -listallhardwareports

You will be a list of all the network interfaces with their MAC addresses (Ethernet Address). An example output is this:

$ networksetup -listallhardwareports

Hardware Port: Bluetooth DUN Device: Bluetooth-Modem Ethernet Address: N/A

Hardware Port: Ethernet Device: en0 Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:xx:xx:xx

Hardware Port: FireWire Device: fw0 Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:ff:fe:xx:xx:xx

Hardware Port: Wi-Fi Device: en1 Ethernet Address: 4c:8d:79:xx:xx:xx

Hardware Port: Bluetooth PAN Device: en3 Ethernet Address: N/A

VLAN Configurations ===================

Home > Network Utilities > MAC Address Lookup

Check your IP Address

Network IP address tracker telephone tracker wireless network key which webserver MAC address lookup IP/CIDR subnet IP to hostname hostname to IP view HTTP headers

Text/String/Math JSON sort text case convert aquarium calculator timestamp to date hash generator

Geographic US states/territories geolocation detection ssn lookup zip code lookup areacode lookup country information

Miscellaneous find facebook ID word pronunciation facebook popularity user agent string gravatar icons detect browser language tag generator phishing website test gzip compression test proxy server check

Share this with others facebook twitter linkedin google+ Share on WhatsApp Current Bible verse For the Spirit that God has given us does not make us timid; instead, His Spirit fills us with power, love, and self-control. 2 Timothy 1:7 Technical Articles Subscribe About

This website consists of a collection of tools and utilities I wrote over the years. The Articles section has a bunch of technical articles covering various areas like web servers, security, email tracking and others. Databases

Free Shell Servers User Agent Database

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aruls: File name too long rocky@balboa:~$ track ip addresses, phone numbers, etc No command 'track' found, did you mean: Command 'tack' from package 'tack' (universe) Command 'tracd' from package 'trac' (universe) track: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ MAC Address and OUI Lookup MAC: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ This program displays the name of the company that manufactured your network card. You can also do a reverse lookup and find the MAC addresses registered by a company. This: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Enter MAC address or OUI (first 6 digits) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Select lookup type: lookup mac lookup vendor Select: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ example: 00:0B:14 example:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ This database was last updated on x This: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Results for MAC address 78:CA:39 Results: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Found 1 results. No command 'Found' found, did you mean: Command 'pound' from package 'pound' (universe) Found: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ MAC Address/OUIVendor {Company} MAC: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ 78:CA:39Tabluae Limited 78:CA:39Tabluae: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Direct link to this result: Direct: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ What is a MAC address? What is OUI? No command 'What' found, did you mean: Command 'jhat' from package 'openjdk-8-jdk-headless' (main) Command 'chat' from package 'ppp' (main) What: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ A MAC address is a unique identifier for network interfaces. It is a 48-bit number (12 hexadecimal characters). They can either be written in either of these formats: bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ An OUI {Organizationally Unique Identifier} is a 24-bit number that uniquely identifies a vendor or manufacturer. They are purchased and assigned by the IEEE. The OUI is basically the first three octets of a MAC address. For example, these are examples of OUI: An: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ 00:00:0A -- this is owned by Omron 00:00:0A: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ 00-0D-4B -- this is owned by Roku, LLC 00-0D-4B: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address in Windows No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Go to the DOS prompt Go: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Click on Start button, select Run No command 'Click' found, did you mean: Command 'click' from package 'click' (main) Command 'klick' from package 'klick' (universe) Click: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Type cmd and press ENTER No command 'Type' found, did you mean: Command 'pype' from package 'pype' (universe) Type: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ In the DOS prompt, type ipconfig /all and press ENTER In: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 You: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address in Unix or Linux No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Go to a terminal Go: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ In the terminal, type ifconfig and press ENTER In: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 following HWaddr You: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address in Mac OS No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Go to Utilities (Finder > Utilities OR command + shift + u) and start the Terminal app. bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Type this in the Terminal: No command 'Type' found, did you mean: Command 'pype' from package 'pype' (universe) Type: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ networksetup -listallhardwareports networksetup: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ You will be a list of all the network interfaces with their MAC addresses (Ethernet Address). An example output is this: bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ $ networksetup -listallhardwareports $: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Bluetooth DUN Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: Bluetooth-Modem Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: N/A Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Ethernet Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: en0 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:xx:xx:xx Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: FireWire Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: fw0 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:ff:fe:xx:xx:xx Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Wi-Fi Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: en1 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: 4c:8d:79:xx:xx:xx Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Bluetooth PAN Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: en3 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: N/A Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ VLAN Configurations VLAN: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ =================== ===================: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Home > Network Utilities > MAC Address Lookup No command 'Home' found, did you mean: Command 'tome' from package 'tome' (multiverse) Home: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Check your IP Address Check: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Network Network: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ IP address tracker IP: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ telephone tracker telephone: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ wireless network key wireless: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ which webserver rocky@balboa:~$ MAC address lookup MAC: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ IP/CIDR subnet bash: IP/CIDR: No such file or directory rocky@balboa:~$ IP to hostname IP: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ hostname to IP Usage: hostname [-b] {hostname|-F file} set host name (from file) hostname [-a|-A|-d|-f|-i|-I|-s|-y] display formatted name hostname display host name

{yp,nis,}domainname {nisdomain|-F file} set NIS domain name (from file) {yp,nis,}domainname display NIS domain name

dnsdomainname display dns domain name

hostname -V|--version|-h|--help print info and exit

Program name: {yp,nis,}domainname=hostname -y dnsdomainname=hostname -d

Program options: -a, --alias alias names -A, --all-fqdns all long host names (FQDNs) -b, --boot set default hostname if none available -d, --domain DNS domain name -f, --fqdn, --long long host name (FQDN) -F, --file read host name or NIS domain name from given file -i, --ip-address addresses for the host name -I, --all-ip-addresses all addresses for the host -s, --short short host name -y, --yp, --nis NIS/YP domain name

Description: This command can get or set the host name or the NIS domain name. You can also get the DNS domain or the FQDN (fully qualified domain name). Unless you are using bind or NIS for host lookups you can change the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) and the DNS domain name (which is part of the FQDN) in the /etc/hosts file. rocky@balboa:~$ view HTTP headers 2 files to edit

[1]+ Stopped view HTTP headers rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Blog rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ No command 'Blog' found, did you mean: No: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'flog' from package 'flog' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'xlog' from package 'xlog' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'vlog' from package 'atfs' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'klog' from package 'openafs-krb5' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'klog' from package 'klog' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'klog' from package 'openafs-client' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'elog' from package 'elog' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'rlog' from package 'rcs' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'plog' from package 'ppp' (main) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'clog' from package 'clog' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Blog: command not found Blog:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Articles rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Articles: command not found Articles:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Bible rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ No command 'Bible' found, did you mean: No: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'bible' from package 'bible-kjv' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Bible: command not found Bible:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Code rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ No command 'Code' found, did you mean: No: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'ode' from package 'plotutils' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Command 'node' from package 'nodejs-legacy' (universe) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Code: command not found Code:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Fun rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Fun: command not found Fun:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ arul's utilities > > track ip addresses, phone numbers, etc > > MAC Address and OUI Lookup > > > > This program displays the name of the company that manufactured your network card. You can also do a reverse lookup and find the MAC addresses registered by a company. > > Enter MAC address or OUI (first 6 digits) > > > > Select lookup type: lookup mac lookup vendor > > > > example: 00:0B:14 > > > > This database was last updated on x > > Results for MAC address 78:CA:39 > > > > Found 1 results. > > MAC Address/OUIVendor {Company} > > 78:CA:39Tabluae Limited > > Direct link to this result: > > What is a MAC address? What is OUI? > > > > A MAC address is a unique identifier for network interfaces. It is a 48-bit number (12 hexadecimal characters). They can either be written in either of these formats: > > > > MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS > > MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS > > > > An OUI {Organizationally Unique Identifier} is a 24-bit number that uniquely identifies a vendor or manufacturer. They are purchased and assigned by the IEEE. The OUI is basically the first three octets of a MAC address. For example, these are examples of OUI: > > > > 00:00:0A -- this is owned by Omron > > 00-0D-4B -- this is owned by Roku, LLC > > > > How to find the MAC address > > How to find the MAC address in Windows > > > > Go to the DOS prompt > > Click on Start button, select Run > > Type cmd and press ENTER > > In the DOS prompt, type ipconfig /all and press ENTER > > You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 > > > > How to find the MAC address in Unix or Linux > > > > Go to a terminal > > In the terminal, type ifconfig and press ENTER > > You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 following HWaddr > > > > How to find the MAC address in Mac OS > > > > Go to Utilities (Finder > Utilities OR command + shift + u) and start the Terminal app. > > Type this in the Terminal: > > > > networksetup -listallhardwareports > > > > You will be a list of all the network interfaces with their MAC addresses (Ethernet Address). An example output is this: > > > > $ networksetup -listallhardwareports > > > > Hardware Port: Bluetooth DUN > > Device: Bluetooth-Modem > > Ethernet Address: N/A > > > > Hardware Port: Ethernet > > Device: en0 > > Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:xx:xx:xx > > > > Hardware Port: FireWire > > Device: fw0 > > Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:ff:fe:xx:xx:xx > > > > Hardware Port: Wi-Fi > > Device: en1 > > Ethernet Address: 4c:8d:79:xx:xx:xx > > > > Hardware Port: Bluetooth PAN > > Device: en3 > > Ethernet Address: N/A > > > > VLAN Configurations > > =================== > > > > Home > Network Utilities > MAC Address Lookup > > > > Check your IP Address > > > > Network > > IP address tracker > > telephone tracker > > wireless network key > > which webserver > > MAC address lookup > > IP/CIDR subnet > > IP to hostname > > hostname to IP > > view HTTP headers > > > > Text/String/Math > > JSON sort > > text case convert > > aquarium calculator > > timestamp to date > > hash generator > > > > Geographic > > US states/territories > > geolocation detection > > ssn lookup > > zip code lookup > > areacode lookup > > country information > > > > Miscellaneous > > find facebook ID > > word pronunciation > > facebook popularity > > user agent string > > gravatar icons > > detect browser language > > tag generator > > phishing website test > > gzip compression test > > proxy server check > > > > Share this with others > > facebook twitter linkedin google+ > > Share on WhatsApp > > Current Bible verse > > For the Spirit that God has given us does not make us timid; instead, His Spirit fills us with power, love, and self-control. > > 2 Timothy 1:7 > > Technical Articles > > Subscribe > > About > > > > This website consists of a collection of tools and utilities I wrote over the years. The Articles section has a bunch of technical articles covering various areas like web servers, security, email tracking and others. > > Databases > > > > Free Shell Servers > > User Agent Database > > > > More > > > > Share via Whatsapp > > > > Find on Facebook Follow on Google+ Follow on Twitter RSS/Atom Feed > > Copyright © 2000 - 2018 Arul John > > > > home | about me | blog | articles | Bible | code | deals | help > > > > > > Blog > > Articles > > Bible > > Code > > Fun > > > > arul's utilities rocky@balboa:~$: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ bash: aruls utilities No command 'bash:' found, did you mean: Command 'bash' from package 'bash' (main) bash:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ track ip addresses, phone numbers, etc No command 'track' found, did you mean: Command 'tracd' from package 'trac' (universe) Command 'tack' from package 'tack' (universe) track: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ MAC Address and OUI Lookup MAC: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ This program displays the name of the company that manufactured your network card. You can also do a reverse lookup and find the MAC addresses registered by a company. This: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Enter MAC address or OUI (first 6 digits) bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Select lookup type: lookup mac lookup vendor Select: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ example: 00:0B:14 example:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ This database was last updated on x This: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Results for MAC address 78:CA:39 Results: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Found 1 results. No command 'Found' found, did you mean: Command 'pound' from package 'pound' (universe) Found: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ MAC Address/OUIVendor {Company} MAC: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ 78:CA:39Tabluae Limited 78:CA:39Tabluae: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Direct link to this result: Direct: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ What is a MAC address? What is OUI? No command 'What' found, did you mean: Command 'jhat' from package 'openjdk-8-jdk-headless' (main) Command 'chat' from package 'ppp' (main) What: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ A MAC address is a unique identifier for network interfaces. It is a 48-bit number (12 hexadecimal characters). They can either be written in either of these formats: bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ mrocky@balboa:~$ An OUI {Organizationally Unique Identifier} is a 24-bit number hat uniquely identifies a vendor or manufacturer. They are purchased and assigned by the IEEE. The OUI is basically the first three octets of a MAC address. For example, these are examples of OUI: An: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ 00:00:0A -- this is owned by Omron 00:00:0A: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ 00-0D-4B -- this is owned by Roku, LLC 00-0D-4B: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address in Windows No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Go to the DOS prompt Go: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Click on Start button, select Run No command 'Click' found, did you mean: Command 'click' from package 'click' (main) Command 'klick' from package 'klick' (universe) Click: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Type cmd and press ENTER No command 'Type' found, did you mean: Command 'pype' from package 'pype' (universe) Type: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ In the DOS prompt, type ipconfig /all and press ENTER In: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 You: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address in Unix or Linux No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Go to a terminal Go: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ In the terminal, type ifconfig and press ENTER In: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ You should see the MAC address in this format 00:00:00:00:00:00 following HWaddr You: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ How to find the MAC address in Mac OS No command 'How' found, did you mean: Command 'sow' from package 'ruby-hoe' (universe) Command 'cow' from package 'fl-cow' (universe) How: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Go to Utilities (Finder > Utilities OR command + shift + u) and start the Terminal app. bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ Type this in the Terminal: No command 'Type' found, did you mean: Command 'pype' from package 'pype' (universe) Type: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ networksetup -listallhardwareports networksetup: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ You will be a list of all the network interfaces with their MAC addresses (Ethernet Address). An example output is this: bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ $ networksetup -listallhardwareports $: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Bluetooth DUN Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: Bluetooth-Modem Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: N/A Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Ethernet Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: en0 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:xx:xx:xx Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: FireWire Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: fw0 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: 10:dd:b1:ff:fe:xx:xx:xx Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Wi-Fi Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: en1 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: 4c:8d:79:xx:xx:xx Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Hardware Port: Bluetooth PAN Hardware: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Device: en3 Device:: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ Ethernet Address: N/A Ethernet: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ VLAN Configurations VLAN: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ =================== ===================: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Home > Network Utilities > MAC Address Lookup No command 'Home' found, did you mean: Command 'tome' from package 'tome' (multiverse) Home: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Check your IP Address Check: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ rocky@balboa:~$ Network Network: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ IP address tracker IP: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ telephone tracker telephone: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ wireless network key wireless: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ which webserver rocky@balboa:~$ MAC address lookup MAC: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ IP/CIDR subnet bash: IP/CIDR: No such file or directory rocky@balboa:~$ IP to hostname d rocky@balboa:~$ HIP: command not found rocky@balboa:~$ hostname to IP ow to find the MAC Usage: hostname [-b] {hostname|-F file} set host name (from file) hostname [-a|-A|-d|-f|-i|-I|-s|-y] display formatted name hostname display host name

{yp,nis,}domainname {nisdomain|-F file} set NIS domain name (from file) {yp,nis,}domainname display NIS domain name

dnsdomainname display dns domain name

hostname -V|--version|-h|--help print info and exit

Program name: {yp,nis,}domainname=hostname -y dnsdomainname=hostname -d

[2]+ Stopped view HTTP headers rocky@balboa:~$

0 notes

portaltomalware43-blog · 7 years ago

Text

20 Techniques To Preserve Your Internet Identity Protected From Hackers

Got a new telephone, tablet, Pc or laptop? To help you keep Microsoft goods up to date, Windows will prompt owners of new machines to sign up for automatic updates. You will see a screen asking if you want to Aid defend Windows automatically. In case you loved this article and you wish to receive much more information regarding penetration test https://cyberbyte.org generously visit our own web page. " Choose the very first choice, Use recommended settings," so you get everything and never have to be concerned about it once again. •Install reputable anti virus software. Anti virus software program runs constantly in the background and checks files for viruses as you open them. Possessing very good anti virus computer software is the most essential step to keeping your computer clean from viruses. The ideal anti virus software program will automatically update itself in the background although you happen to be operating so you never have to be concerned about carrying out updates your self. Very aside from the expense, the use of a number of anti-virus scanners could impact system performance and smacks of overkill. Users who use one anti-virus scanner, a private firewall and keeping up to date with patching would be safer than just relying on penetration test https://cyberbyte.org two anti-virus scanners to bail them out of difficulty, according to common safety best-practice. He mentioned: ‘We demand access to text messages so we can automatically intercept login approval SMS messages for men and women that have turned two-aspect authentication on for their accounts, or for telephone confirmation messages when you add a telephone quantity to your Facebook account. Piriform mentioned that the malware could have sent non-sensitive information from the user's personal computer, including computer name, IP address, list of installed application, list of active software, list of network adapters", to a third-party server in the US. It also loaded one more payload onto the laptop that was by no means executed. Sadly, it appears that INetSim's SSL assistance is quite restricted: it comes with a certificate for a single host () and doesn't assistance creating SSL certificates on the fly. This is a problem considering that most malwares these days encrypt their communications with SSL. We'll use Burp as a transparent SSL proxy, which will stand in the middle of the victim machines and INetSim for SSL connections. If you don't need to intercept SSL site visitors for now, you won't necessarily require Burp. Why the drastic enhance? Hackers traditionally passed over Mac OS as the number of Macs in use just didn't make the work worthwhile. Items are distinct now. Apple's market share has improved drastically over the final many years, and with Apple allowing its customers to install Windows on their Macs, it is no much less immune to Windows viruses than a traditional Computer. penetration test https://cyberbyte.org penetration test https://cyberbyte.org" title="Penetration Testing (C) fotki.com" style="max-width:440px;float:left;padding:10px 10px 10px 0px;border:0px;">With the web increasing bigger day by day, the threat of cybersecurity attacks grows at exponential levels. With threats occurring day-to-day, comprising of botnets , DDOS or Denial Of Service Attacks or ransomware that can lockdown & disable a pc, the array of attacks are plentiful. Fortunately, there are fairly a large range of top antivirus security programs out there that shield us from the vast majority of these threats. An additional really important defense against malicious actions is to maintain anti-virus software program and firewall applications up-to-date and operating at all times. Weekly or even day-to-day scans will aid defend against malicious content material from remaining detected on a program. You can effortlessly block viruses from entering your laptop program by installing antivirus application and becoming mindful about what e-mail attachments and files you open (even if they are from pals). Also, do not click on any shady ads, which are one more way viruses can infect your computer. At some point, I hired him as a tech reviewer for Mac OS X: The Missing Manual," and he was amazing. His writing sounded precisely like mine. I began assigning him small sidebars and appendixes to write. By a year later, he'd written a Missing Manual" himself: AppleScript: The Missing Manual," published when he was 16, as well young to sign his own book contract.

0 notes

james1shields-blog · 7 years ago

Text

For Order This And Any Other Test

Banks And Solutions Manuals, Course,

Assignments, Discussions, Quizzes, Exams,

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1 Solutions-1

Chapter 1 Solutions

Review Questions

1. Which of the following is one of the three basic functions a computer performs? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Processing

c. Input

e. Output

2. The __________ executes instructions provided by computer programs.

a. CPU

3. When a CPU is composed of two or more processors, each one is referred to as a(n)

________.

b. Core

4. Which of the following is considered long-term storage? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Flash drive

d. Hard drive

5. Which motherboard component controls data transfers between memory, expansion slots, I/O devices, and the CPU?

c. Chipset

6. You want to purchase a new high-performance graphics card for your computer. Which type of connector should it have?

d. PCI-Express

7. The time it takes for read/write heads to move to the correct spot on the platter is the

____________.

b. Seek time

8. Which of the following is a task usually performed by the BIOS? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Perform a POST.

d. Begin the boot procedure.

9. Place the following steps of the boot procedure in order.

a. The OS is loaded into RAM.

b. CPU starts.

c. OS services are started.

d. Power is applied.

e. The POST is executed.

f. Boot devices are searched.

Answer: d, b, e, f, a, c

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1 Solutions-2

10. Which of the following is a critical service provided by the OS? (Choose all that apply.)

b. Memory management

d. File system

11. An OS’s capability to run more than one application or process at the same time is referred to which of the following?

c. Multitasking

12. You have just installed a new NIC in your PC to replace the old one that had started malfunctioning. What additional software must be installed to allow the OS to communicate with the new NIC?

b. Device driver

13. Which of the following requests information stored on another computer?

b. Network client

14. Choose the correct order for the process of a user attempting to access network resources:

1. Network protocol

2. Application

3. Network client

4. NIC driver

d. 2, 3, 1, 4

15. TCP/IP is an example of which of the following?

d. Network protocol

16. In network communication, the ______________ address is used to deliver a frame to the correct computer on the network. (Choose all that apply.)

a. MAC

d. Physical

17. A(n) ______________ message is used to determine whether a computer is listening on the network.

b. Ping

18. TCP/IP uses _________ to look up a computer’s IP address, given its name.

a. DNS

19. The unit of information containing MAC addresses and an error-checking code that’s processed by the network interface layer is referred to as a

_______________.

c. Frame

20. Data is processed from the time an application creates it to the time it reaches the network medium. This process includes adding information such as addresses and is called which of the following?

b. Encapsulation

21. You’re the network administrator for a company that has just expanded from one floor to two floors of a large building, and the number of workstations you need has

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1 Solutions-3

doubled from 50 to 100. You're concerned that network performance will suffer if you add computers to your existing LAN. In addition, new users will be working in a separate business unit, and there are reasons to logically separate the two groups of computers. What type of network should you configure?

c. Internetwork

22. Which of the following best describes a client?

b. A computer’s primary role in the network is to run user applications and access network resources.

23. You work for a small company with four users who need to share information on their computers. The budget is tight, so the network must be as inexpensive as possible. What type of network should you install?

b. Peer-to-peer network

24. Which of the following characteristics is associated with a peer-to-peer network? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Decentralized data storage

b. Inexpensive

c. User-managed resources

25. A device interconnects five computers and a printer in a single office so that users can share the printer. This configuration is an example of which of the following?

a. LAN

26. At Yavapai College, the Prescott and Prescott Valley campuses (8 miles apart) have LANs connected via the local phone company. This configuration is an example of which of the following? (Choose the best answer.)

a. MAN

27. You have installed Windows Server 2008 on a new server and want to centralize user logons and security policies. What type of software should you install and configure on this server?

d. Directory services

28. Peer-to-peer networks aren’t suitable in which of the following situations?

a. Tight security is required.

29. Which of the following best describes a storage area network?

b. Uses high-speed networking technologies to give servers fast access to large amounts of disk storage

30. Why might Windows 7 or Windows Vista require more RAM or disk space than Windows Server 2008?

d. They support a graphics-intensive user interface.

Hands-On Projects

Hands-On Project 1-1

Step 2: Steps of the boot procedure:

1. Power is applied to the motherboard.

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1 Solutions-4

2. CPU starts.

3. CPU carries out BIOS startup routines, include the POST. Step 5: Final steps of the boot procedure:

4. Boot devices are searched for an OS.

5. The OS is loaded into RAM.

6. OS services are started.

Hands-On Project 1-3

Step 5:

• Word-processing program: User application

• NIC displayed in the Connect using text box: Network interface

• Client for Microsoft Networks: Network software

• File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks: Network software

• Internet Protocol Version 4: Network protocol

Hands-On Project 1-5

Step 2: workgroup, peer-to-peer

Hands-On Project 1-6

Step 10: File sharing, peer-to-peer

Case Projects

Case Project 1-1

A server-based network is the best choice. A peer-to-peer network might work for now, but when new employees are hired, a peer- to-peer network would be too difficult to manage. The key is that easy backup and centralized storage for files point to a server-based network.

Case Project 1-2

Because employees must be able to control access to their own resources, a peer-to-peer model works best. Supplies will likely include NICs, cabling, and a switch. Students should state they need to configure file shares and possibly create user accounts on the computers to allow access by other users. They might also need to configure IP address settings, although self-configuring addresses could be used.

Case Project 1-3

An internetwork is called for because LANs in the same building are being connected. A router is probably needed for communication between LANs on the two floors.

Case Project 1-4

A personal area network (PAN)

Case Project 1-5

Guide to Networking Essentials, 6th ed., ISBN 1111312524

Ch. 1 Solutions-5

Answers will vary.

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