#Sankhya Darshana

[egodb]

॥साङ्ख्यकारिका॥ – Translation

Concise Statement of the Sāṅkya

I am posting the translation of the Sāṅkhyakārikā, a concise statement of the Sāṅkhya Darśana—sort of the Algorithmic school of thought from ancient India. This serves as language practice for me, along with familiarising myself (and hopefully others) with ancient knowledge. I will keep reblogging this post with translated verses added as and when I go through the Sāṅkhyakārikā myself. There are 60 verses. Enjoy!

[divyakirti01]

Learn Sankhya Philosophy with the Sanskrit Text Sankhya Karika - Part I - HUA

This course is the first of a two-part series on Sankhya Darshana (Philosophy), based on the Sanskrit book 'Sankhya Karika' by Ishvara Krishna. It is a short book with just 72 Karikas, which are short verses that explain Rishi Kapila's Sankhya Darshana. It is very important to understand the basic ideas of Sankhya philosophy if you want to understand other Sanskrit works like the Bhagavad Gita and other Vedic philosophical systems like Yoga and Vedanta.  

Sankhya Darshana through the Sankhya Karika – Part I Contents of the course:  

It is said, "na hi Sankhya samam gyanam, na hi yoga samam balam" i.e., There is no knowledge like Sankhya, and there is no power like Yoga. Sankhya Darshana was one of the first ways of thinking that tried to find a permanent answer to problems like birth and death, getting old, getting sick, and being sad. In his search for a permanent answer, Sankhya came up with a deep way of thinking about the universe and where humans fit into it. Sankhya thought that a good understanding of the twenty-five Tattvas, which are the basic building blocks of the universe, would lead to a complete and permanent end to human suffering.  

In this two-course set, the Sankhya Karika of Ishvara Krishna will be used to teach the basic ideas of Sankhya philosophy. In the first course, we will look closely at Karikas 1–30.  

A karika is a name used in the field. It generally has two lines, like the shlokas in the Bhagavad Gita. So, in the first quarter, we will cover about half of the Sankhya Karika. The last 42 Karikas will be taught in the second course in the series. Students will learn new things about Sankhya philosophy, which many scholars mistakenly call a dualistic, atheistic theory.  

You don't need to know anything about Sanskrit or Sankhya philosophy to take this course. The students will get a PDF file with each karika written in both Devanagari and Roman writing, along with the word meanings and short explanations. PDF files will also be made available for extra reading materials.  

The goals of this course are for students to be able to:  

a) Understand the basics of Sankhya Philosophy.  

b) Learn all the technical Sanskrit words you need to know.  

c) Learn the basics so that you can also understand works like the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.  

d) Learn to appreciate other philosophical schools and be motivated to learn more about Vedic systems like Vedanta, Mimamsa, Yoga, Nyaya, and Vaisheshika.  

e) Get a deep understanding of the ideas of "mind," "atma," "ego," and "intellect," as well as how the world came to be.  

Structure of the class:  

Each week, there will be at least one 90-minute contact hour with one or more teachers. The class is set up so that each week's self-study and reflection can lead to talk and debate. Even though each class will only talk about the same topic for 60 minutes, the conversation time will be open-ended and can go on for up to 30 more minutes. Students will have to take notes on the Karikas that were talked about. They don't have to be as good as papers written for school, but they should be based on what the student has learned and understood so far. 

Enroll Course 

CONTACT — 407–205–2118

Overview >> Hindu University Of America

EMAIL- saksham.mangwana@hua.edu

Address- 5200 Vineland Rd 125 Orlando, FL 32811

[ulgnd]

“Samkhya, one of the six classical Indian darshanas, or “ways to see”, is an attempt to explain the nature of all existence by dividing it into Purusha-pure consciousness or that which is unchanging, and Prakriti-non-consciousness or the original or natural form or condition of anything. It tells us that the separation of these two states is the cause of our suffering and that the path to liberation is through repression, withdrawal of our senses, and control of our body in order to reconnect with our true Self. Samkhya calls this re-union the state of yoga.” -excerpt from Yoga Body, Buddha Mind by Cyndi Lee ✨Comment your thoughts on this philosophy and if it is relevant in your own life.✨ 🎨 This profound visionary art was created by my lovely friend, @ilaroseart, called “Inner Infinitum” and is currently on display at the @threyda gallery in Denver. #spirituality #selfmastery #yogaideals #yogasutra #patanjali #darsana #yogalineage #hindu #buddhism #sankhya #spiritualtalk #sacredart #visionaryart #consciousart #creativethinking #yoga #higherself #creativeyogi https://www.instagram.com/p/CemvLNfOpG3/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[maria-dib]

#hindu #india #filosofia #saber #philosophy #sophya #sofia #budha #socrates #kuthumi #consciousness #consciencia #filosofiahindu #hinduphilosophy #estudo #conhecimento #krishna #descartes #buda #shreembrzee #pramāṇas #philosophy #hinduimo #darshana https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_philosophy Hindu Philosophy Filosofia Hindu A filosofia hindu abrange as filosofias, visões de mundo e ensinamentos do hinduísmo que surgiram na Índia Antiga . Estes incluem seis sistemas ( shad-darśana ) - 1-Sankhya , 2-Yoga , 3-Nyaya , 4-Vaisheshika , 5-Mimamsa e 6-Vedanta . Na tradição indiana, a palavra usada para filosofia é Darshana . Esta palavra vem da raiz sânscrita drish (ver, experimentar). *pramāṇa* A epistemologia é chamada de pramāṇa . Tem sido um campo de estudo chave e muito debatido no hinduísmo desde os tempos antigos. Pramāṇa é uma teoria hindu do conhecimento e discute os meios válidos pelos quais os seres humanos podem obter conhecimento preciso. O foco de pramāṇa é como o conhecimento correto pode ser adquirido, como se sabe, como não se sabe e em que medida o conhecimento pertinente sobre alguém ou algo pode ser adquirido. Textos hindus antigos e medievais identificam seis pramāṇas como meios corretos de conhecimento e verdades precisas: 1-Pratyakṣa - percepção direta 2-Anumāṇa - Inferência ou percepção indireta 3-Upamāṇa - Comparação e analogia 4-Arthāpatti - Postulação, derivação das circunstâncias 5-Anupalabdi - Não percepção, ausência de prova 6-Shabda - Palavra, testemunho de especialistas confiáveis ​​do passado ou do presente. (em Vila Industrial, São Paulo-Sp) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRRHo4nn36b/?utm_medium=tumblr

[nahashistory]

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Redirecting to Download Rudram Namakam Chamakam Meaning PDF after. Generally, Lord Shiva has 5 faces which .2 pages View PDF Because Aghora Rudra is the chief of Bhootha Ganas. This homam will perform to the Aghora Rudra face of Lord Shiva. View PDFĪlong with peas japam/puam and homam, if you perform MAHANYASA PURVAKA RUDRAABHISEKAM, this ersud all the bad effects and obstacles in your life .2 pages View PDF homam rudra mantra rudra homa lord shiva. om namaste rudra mạnyavá utota işáve namáh || namaste astų dhanvane. Telugu Language: Nagesh Manne, Sreenivas Polina, Ravi Vanguri, Vijaya. sri mahanyasa purvaka ekadasa vara nitya rudrabhishekam. rudrabhishekam pooja rudraabshishekam homam maha rudra. View PDFġ) M.A., (Telugu) M.A., (Sanskrit) from Andhra University Visakhapatnam (A.P.). View PDFġ21 Rithviks will chant 1331 times Rudram and following 121 times Chamakam and the Rithviks will perform Dasamsa Homam by Rudra and Chamaka Manthra . or Telugu Purohit or Kannada Purohit at Anarghyaa com to perform Rudra Homam in . Rudra Homam Rudra Homa Rudra Pooja Rudra Yagna Rudra Puja. Generally the homam uses relatively short introductory slokas and then large numbers of repetitions of the mantras (typically the moola mantra or gayatri). a very orthodox Telugu family of the Mulaga. om namaste rudra mạnyavá utota işáve namáh || namaste astų dhanvane bāhubhyāmuta te . ÅšrÄ« RudrapraÅ›naḥ - Namakam|| om namo bhagavate rudrāya ||. 11:00 AM Sri Rama Shadakshari Homa and 7:00 PM Gadya Traya Parayanam. 8:00 PM Ekanta Seva 5:00 PM Rudra Homa, Sadyojatadi Homa. A collection of spiritual and devotional literature in various Indian languages in Sanskrit, Samskrutam, Hindia, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, Gujarati, Bengali, Oriya, English scripts with pdf.4:00 PM Rudra Krama Archana. Nitya Parayana Slokas - Kannada Vaidika Vignanam.Sri maha vishnu raagnaya, pravarta manasya, aadya brahmanaha, dwiteeya parardhe, sweta varaha kalpe, vivaswata manwantare, kaliyuge, pradhama paade, KROWNCHA (land. How to say any Puja Sankalpam in USA? Here is my answer for those interested. Puja Sankalpam.txt Dear friends, its a long awaited question from many.Nitya Parayana Slokas in Kannada, Lyrics of Nitya Parayana Slokas in Kannada Prabhatha Slokam, Prabhatha Bhumi Sloka, Suryodaya Sloka, Snana Sloka, Bhasmadharana Sloka, Bhojana Purva Sloka, Bhojananthara Sloka, Sandhya deepa darshana Sloka, Karya prarambha sloka, Gayatri Mantra, Hanuman Stotram, Sri Rama Stotram, Ganesh Sloka, Shiva Sloka, Guru Sloka, Devi Sloka, Dakshinamurthi Sloka.

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[ayurvedainitiative-blog]

Kapila was the son of a lady called Devahuti. Today's Detroit has some connection with Devahuti, and that is where Detroit gets its name from - Devahuti.

Devahuti's son, Kapilaranea, lived in California. He was the previous incarnation of Lord Krishna. He is the founder of the philosophy called Sankhya Darshana.

Sankhya means counting the different elements and principles that the whole universe is made up of, i.e., Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Ether, Mind, Intellect, etc. Like that, 24 different tatvas or principles are present in his philosophy, which is why it is called Sankhya Yoga.

He speaks about how consciousness and matter are different and the relationship between consciousness and matter is discussed in detail.

- Gurudev Sri Sri Ravi Shankar

[hebbarjv]

Sankhya Darshana and Ayurveda: Relation and Similarities

Sankhya Darshana and Ayurveda: Relation and Similarities

By Dr. Regina Antony Sankhya Darshana is one among the Asthika Darshanas (theist philosophies). It was explained by Maharshi Kapila. The word ‘Sankhya’ means ‘number’. This Darshana aims at relief from discomfort and attaining salvation (Moksha). 2 types of Sankhya Darshana: Sankhya Darshan is of two types – Seshwara Sankhya (theist group) Nireeshwara Sankhya (atheist group)

This philosophy…

[studyabroadaide]

UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018

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UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018

UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018

1. Foundations of Yoga : History, Evolution of Yoga and Schools of Yoga 2. Basic Yoga Texts : Principal Upanishads Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Vasishtha 3. Patanjala Yoga Sutra 4. Hatha Yoga Texts 5. Allied Sciences : Anatomy and Physiology, Diet and Nutrition, General Psychology and Counseling 6. Yoga and Health 7. Therapeutic Yoga – Disease Wise and Evidence based 8. Applications of Yoga 9. Practical Yoga: Asana, Pranayama, Dharana Dhyana, Bandha, Mudra, Shat Kriya 10.Methods of Teaching Yoga

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UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018

Syllabus of Yoga for NET Examination of UGC

1. Foundations of Yoga :

History, Evolution of Yoga and Schools of Yoga

• Origin of Yoga, History and Development of Yoga; Etymology and Definitions, Misconceptions, Aim and Objectives of Yoga, True Nature and Principles of Yoga • Introduction to Vedas, Upanishads, Prasthanatrayee and Purushartha Chatushtaya • General introduction to Shad-darshanas with special emphasis on Samkhya and Yoga Darshana, Yoga in Vedanta • Introduction to Epics – (Ramayana, Mahabharata), Yoga in Ramayana, Yoga in Mahabharata • Introduction to Smritis and Yoga in Smritis; General introduction to Agamas and Tantra, Yoga in Tantra; Concepts of Nadi and Prana in Tantra, Kundalini, Effects of Kundalini Shakti and Shatchakra Sadhana • Yoga in Medieval Literature, Bhakti Yoga of Medieval Saints, Yoga in Narada Bhakti Sutras. • Yoga in Modern Times: Yogic Traditions of Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda, Shri Aurobindo; Yoga traditions of Maharshi Ramana and Swami Dayanand Saraswati • Yoga in Contemporary Times: Brief Introduction to important Yoga Paramparas (lineages) Yoga Parampara of Sri T. Krishnamacharya, Yoga Parampara of Swami Shivanada Saraswati, Swami Rama of Himalayas, Maharshi Mahesh Yogi and their contributions for the development and promotion of Yoga. • Introduction to Schools (Streams)of Yoga: Yoga Schools with Vedanta Tradition (Jnana, Bhakti,Karma and Dhyana), Yoga Schools with Samkhya-Yoga Tradition (Yoga of Patanjali) and Yoga Schools with Tantric Tradition ( Hatha Yoga, Swara Yoga and Mantra Yoga) • Elements of Yoga and Yogic practices in Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism

2. Basic Yoga Texts :

Principal Upanishads Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Vasishtha

Principal Upanishads

Brief Introduction of Ten principal Upanishads as the basis of Yogic contect; Ishavasyopanishad: Concept of Karmanishta; Concept of Vidya and Avidya; Knowledge of Brahman; Atma Bhava; Kena Upanishat: Indwelling Power; Indriya and Antahkarana; Self and the Mind; Intutive realization of the truth; Truth transcendental; Moral of Yaksha Upakhyana; Katha Upanishad : Definition of Yoga; Nature of Soul; Importance of Self Realization; Prashna Upanishad: Concept of Prana and rayi (creation); Pancha pranas; The five main questions; Mundaka Upanishad: Two approaches to Brahma Vidya-the Para and Apara; The greatness of Brahmavidya, The worthlessness of Selfish-karma; Tapas and Gurubhakti, The origin of creation, Brahman the target of Meditation Mandukya: Four States of Consciousness and its relation to syllables in Omkara. Aitareya: Concept of Atma, Universe and Brahman. Taittiriya Upanishad Concept of Pancha Kosha; Summary of Shiksha Valli; Ananda Valli; Bhruguvalli. Chandogya Upanishad: Om (udgitha) Meditation; Sandilyavidya, Brihadaryanaka Upanishad : Concept of Atman and Jnana Yoga. Union of Atman and Paramatman Bhagavad Gita General Introduction to Bhagavad Gita (B.G.). Definitions of Yoga in B.G. and their relevance & Scope; Essentials of B.G – the meanings of the terms Atmaswrupa, Stithaprajna, Sankhya Yoga (Chpt.II), Karma Yoga (Chpt.III ), Sanyasa Yoga and Karma Swarupa (Sakama and Nishkama) etc; Samnyasa, Dhyana Yogas (Chpt. VI); Nature of Bhakti (Chpt.XII), Means and Goal of Bhakti-Yoga; The Trigunas and modes of Prakriti; Three Kinds of Faith. Food for Yoga Sadhaka, Classification of food (Chpt.XIV & XVII) Daivasura-Sampad-Vibhaga Yoga (Chpt.XVI); Moksa-Upadesa Yoga (Chpt. XVIII)

Yoga Vasishtha

Highlights of Yoga Vashitha, Concept of Adhis and Vyadhis; Psychosomatic Ailments; The four Gatekeepers (Pillars) to Freedom; How Sukha is attained the Highest State of Bliss; Practices to overcome the Impediments of Yoga; Development of Satvaguna; Eight limbs of Meditation; Jnana Saptabhumika.

3. Patanjala Yoga Sutra

Introduction: Yoga, it’s meaning & purpose & Nature of Yoga; Concept of Chitta, Chitta-Bhumis, Chitta-Vrittis, Chitta-Vritti nirodhopaya Abhyasa and Vairagya as the tools Chitta-Vikshepas (Antarayas), Chitta-prasadanam, Prakriti and its evolutes. SAMADHI PADA : Types and nature of Samadhi: Ritambharaprajna and Adhyatmaprasada; Samprajnata, Asamprajnata, Sabeeja & Nirbeeja Samadhi, Difference between Samapattis and Samadhi; Concept of Ishvara and qualities of Ishvara. SADHANA PADA : Concept of Kriya Yoga of Patanjali, theory of Kleshes; Concept of Dukhavada; Drishyanirupanam, Drasthanirupanama, PrakritiPurushaSamYoga; Brief Introduction to Ashtanga Yoga; Concept of Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara and their usefulness in ChittavrittinirodhopayaH. VIBHUTI & KAIVALYA PADA: Introduction of Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi, Samyama and Siddhis; Four types of Karmas; Concept of Vasana; Vivek Khyati Nirupanam, Kaivalya.- Nirvachana.

4. Hatha Yoga texts

• Introduction to Hatha Yoga and Hatha Yoga Texts. Siddhasiddhanta paddhati, Hatha Pradeepika, Gheranda Samhita, Hatha Ratnavali and Shiva Samhita. Aim & objectives, misconceptions about Hatha Yoga, prerequisites of Hatha Yoga (dasha yama and dasha niyama), Sadhaka and Badhaka tattvas in Hatha Yoga; Concept of Ghata, Ghatashuddhi, Concept and importance of Shodhana kriyas in Hatha Yoga; Importance of Shodhana kriyas in health and disease; Concept of Mattha, Mitaahara, Rules & Regulations to be followed by Hatha Yoga Sadhakas;

• Asanas in Hatha Texts: Definition, pre requisites and special features of Yoga-asana; Asanas in Hatha Pradeepika, Hatha Ratnavali, Gheranda Samhita; Benefits, precautions, and contraindications of different Asanas;

• Pranayama in Hatha Texts: – Concept of Prana & Ayama, Pranyama; Pranayama its phases and stages; Prerequisites of Pranayama in Hatha Yoga Sadhana; Pranayama in Hatha Pradeepika, Hatha Ratnavali & Gheranda Samhita; Benefits, precautions and contraindications of Pranayama.

• Bandha, Mudra and other practices: Concept, definition of Bandha and Mudras, in Hatha Pradeepika, Hatha Ratnavali and Gheranda Samhita; Benefits, precautions and contraindications. Concept, definition, benefits and Techniques of Pratyahara, Dharana and Dhyana in Gheranda Samhita; Concept and benefits of Nada and Nadanusandhana in Hatha Pradeepika, Four Avasthas (stages) of Nadanusandhana; Relationship between Hatha Yoga and Raja Yoga; Goal of Hatha Yoga. Relevance of Hatha Yoga in contemporary times.

UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018 5. Allied Sciences –

General Psychology, Essential Anatomy and Physiology; Dietetics and Nutrition

General Psychology

• INTRODUCTION: Brief History of modern Psychology Major Perspectives in Modern Psychology Key data collection methods in Psychology • Introduction to Altered States of Consciousness Sleep: Stages of Sleep, Circadian Rhythm, Sleep Disorders; Dreams: The Content of Dreams; Hypnosis, Biofeedback • Behavioral Psychology: Psychology as a Science of Behavior; Definition of Behavior; Psychic forces and human behavior, behavior and Consciousness, Psychological basis of behavior; • Personality: Nature and Types of Personality; Determinants of Personality: Heredity and Environment; Facets and Stages of Personality Development; Personality Theories of Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and C.G. Jung, Carl Rogers; Assessment of Personality: • Cognitive Psychology: Sensation, Perception, Attention, Memory, Learning, Feeling etc.; Their definitions and types, Intelligence and its’ measurements; Emotional Intelligence and Social Intelligence. • Mental Health; Means of mental health; Positive Mental Health; Causes and Consequences of Conflicts and Frustrations; Introduction to Common mental disorders; Depressive disorders; Anxiety disorders; Serious mental disorders; Sleep disorders; Mental retardation; Alcohol and drug abuse; Suicide, attempted suicide and suicide prevention.

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

• Introduction to cell, tissue, organs and systems; Basic cell physiology-Cell- Introduction, Cell Organelles, Cell membrane, Movement of the substances and water through the cell membrane, Bioelectric potentials. • Musculoskeletal systems: Skeleton – names of all bones, joints and muscles, cartilage, tendon and ligaments, types of bone, joints and their functions; spine, muscles and their functions; Skeletal muscles – Properties of skeletal muscles, Muscular contraction and relaxation, Neuromuscular junction, Sarcotubular system, Smooth muscle- mechanism of contraction • Digestive and excretory system: Anatomy of digestive system, excretory system (component organs) and their functions; Gastro intestinal system- General

structure of alimentary canal, Gastric secretion, Pancreatic secretion, Gastric motility-digestive peristalsis Gastrointestinal hormones. • Renal physiology- Structure of kidney, Nephrones, Juxtra glomerular filtrate, Reabsorption, Secretion-mechanism of secretion, Concentrating and diluting mechanism of urine, Dialysis • Nervous system and glands: Structure and properties of neurons, subdivisions of nervous system and their functions, types of glands (endocrine and exocrine glands), important endocrine and exocrine glands and types of hormones their functions. • Sensory nervous system, Motor nervous system, Higher functions of the nervous system, Synapse, Reflexes Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood brain and blood CSF barrier • Cardiovascular and respiratory system: Components of cardiovascular and respiratory system; functions of cardiovascular and respiratory system; Circulatory system- Functional anatomy of the heart, Properties of cardiac muscles, Conducting system of the heart, Pressure changes during cardiac cycles, Capillary circulation, Arterial and venous blood pressure; Respiratory system-Mechanism of breathing, Ventilation, Regulation of respiration, Transport of gases, Hypoxia, Artificial ventilation, Non respiratory functions of the lungs • Immune system: Component organs of immune system, Functions of immune system; Endocrinology-Endocrine glands, hormones, their functions; • Reproductive system: Anatomy of male and female reproductive systems • Stress physiology- how acute and chronic stress disturbs the normal physiology Dietetics and Nutrition • Basic concepts and components of food and nutrition Understanding Nutrition, Basic Terminology in Relation to Nutrition Requirement, Human Nutritional Requirements; Concept of food, Acceptance of Food, Functions of Food; Components of Food & their Classification; Macro Nutrients –Sources, Functions and Effects on the Body; Micro Nutrients – Sources, Functions and Effects on the Body; Fat Soluble Nutrients – Sources, Functions and Effects on the Body; Water soluble Nutrients – Sources, Functions and Effects on the Body; Significance of Carbohydrate, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals and water in the body; Antioxidants and their Role; • Yogic concept of diet and its relevance in the management of lifestyle • Nutrients, proximate principles of diet, balanced diet concept; Carbohydrates, proteins, fats – sources, nutritive values, importance; Minerals-calcium, iron, phosphorus etc. Vitamins – sources, roles, requirements • Food groups. Cereals & Millets –Selection, Preparation and Nutritive Value; Pulses, Nuts and Oil Seeds- Selection, Preparation and Nutritive Value; Milk and Milk Products- Selection,

Preparation and Nutritive Value; Vegetables and Fruits- Selection, Preparation and Nutritive Value, Fats, Oils and Sugar, Jaggery- Selection, Preparation and Nutritive Value • Food and metabolism. Energy- Basic Concepts, Definition and Components of Energy Requirement, Energy Imbalance Concept of Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism, Calorie Requirement-BMR, SDA, Physical Activity; Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Protein; Factors Affecting Energy; Requirement and Expenditure, Factors affecting BMR.

UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018 6. Yoga and Health

• Definition & Importance of Health According to WHO; Dimensions of Health: Physical, Mental, Social and Spiritual; • Concept of Health and Disease in Indian Systems of Medicine i.e. Ayurveda, Naturopathy • Yogic Concept of Health and Disease: Concept of Adhi and Vyadhi; Meaning and definitions, • Concepts of Trigunas, Pancha-mahabhutas, Pancha-prana and their role in Health and Healing; Concept of Pancha-koshas & Shat-chakra and their role in Health and Healing; • Role of Yoga in preventive health care – Yoga as a way of life, Heyam dukham anagatam; Potential causes of Ill-health: Tapatrayas and Kleshas, Physical and Physiological manifestation of Disease: Vyadhi, Alasya, Angamejayatva and Ssvasa-prashvasa. • Mental and Emotional ill Health: Styana, Samshaya, Pramada, Avirati, Bhranti-darsana, Alabdha-bhumikatva, Anavasthitatva, Duhkha and Daurmanasya • Yogic Diet – General Introduction of Ahara; Concept of Mitahara; Classification in Yogic diet according to traditional Yoga texts;; Diet according to the body constitution ( Prakriti) – Vata, Pitta and Kapha as also Gunas. • Concepts of Diet Pathya and Apathya according to Gheranda Samhita,Hatha Pradeepika and Bhagavad Gita; Importance of Yogic Diet in Yog Sadhana and its role in healthy living; Diet according to the body constitution ( Prakriti) – Vata, Pitta and Kapha as also Gunas. • Yogic Principles of Healthy Living: Ahara, Vihara, Achara and Vichara; Role of Yogic Positive Attitudes (Maitri, Karuna, Mudita and Upeksha) for Healthy Living, Concept of Bhavas and Bhavanas with its relevance in Health and well-being

7. Therapeutic Yoga – Disease Wise and Evidence based

• Yogic Practice*- Management of the disease through suitable yogic practices – Yogic diet, Asanas, Shatkarmas; Pranayama; Meditation; Notional corrections through yogic scriptures and counseling; Yama and Niyama; Stress(emotions management) Life style prescriptions – Moderation in Ahara, Vihara, Achara and Vichara. • Integrated approach of Yoga Therapy in the treatment of diseases ** Systemic anatomy, physiology of the related System; Pathophysiology, Stress and disease; Medical Management; Mechanism of imbalances at psychological, pranic, physical, endocrinal, autonomic levels;psyhocneuroimmunological aspect of the disease model; Disease specific parameter; what, why and how of each Yogic practice*; Prevention. Evidence research done on the particular disease; • General Parameters and questionnaires to evaluate Health status – GHQ, Prakriti, Guna, PSS, STAI. ** Integrated Approach of Yoga therapy for the following Common Ailments: • Respiratory disorders – Allergic Rhinitis & Sinusitis: COPD: Chronic Bronchitis, Tuberculosis: Evidence research done on the particular disease • Cardiovascular disorders: Hypertension:, Atherosclerosis / Coronary artery disease: Ischemic Heart disease – Angina pectoris / Myocardial Infarction/ Post CABG rehabilitation: Congestive Cardiac failure, Cardiac asthma: • Endocrinal and Metabolic Disorder – Diabetes Mellitus (I&II); Hypo and Hyper- Thyroidism; Obesity: Metabolic Syndrome • Obstetrics and Gynecological Disorders, Menstrual disorders: Dysmenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea, Menorrhagia: Premenstrual Syndrome: Menopause and peri-menopausal syndrome: Yoga for Pregnancy and Childbirth: Complicated pregnancies: PIH, Gestational DM, Ante-natal care, Post-natal care; PCOS: • Gastrointestinal disorders APD: Gastritis – Acute & Chronic, Dyspepsia, Peptic Ulcers, Constipation, Diarrhoea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcerative colitis • Cancer: types, clinical features, Side effects of Chemotherapy, radiotherapy • Musculo-Skeletal Disorders: Back Pain: Lumbar Spondylosis, Intervertebral disc prolapse (IVDP), Spondylolisthesis, Spondylitis, Psychogenic- Lumbago, Neck pain: Cervical Spondylosis, radiculopathy, Functional neck pain, All forms of Arthritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis • Neurological Disorders: Headaches: Migraine, Tension headache; Cerebro vascular accidents: Epilepsy; pain; Autonomic dysfunctions; Parkinson’s disease • Psychiatric disorders: Psychiatric disorders: Neurosis, Psychosis: Neurosis: Anxiety disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder, Panic Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive

Disorder, Phobias: Depression: Dysthymia, Major depression, Psychosis: Schizophrenia, Bipolar affective disorder.

UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018 8. Applications of Yoga

• Yoga in Education: Salient features of Yoga Education, Factors of Yoga Education; Teacher, Student and Teaching, Guru-shishya parampara and its importance in Yoga Education; Value Education, its meaning and definitions, types of values, value-oriented education and modes of living, role of value oriented education; contribution of Yoga towards development of values; Salient features of ideal Yoga teacher, role of Yoga teacher in value-oriented education, role of Yoga in development of human society; Yogic Concepts for the Development of Four Fold Consciousness – Civic Sense, Patriotic Urge, Service Zeal and Spiritual Growth;

• Yoga for Stress Management: Introduction to Stress, Concept of Stress; Solutions through Mandukya karika – Relaxation and stimulation combined as the core for stress management; Practice of Stimulation and relaxation; Yoga and Stress Management; Concepts and Techniques of Stress Management in Ashtanga Yoga of Patanjali and Bhagavad Gita, specific practices for stress management, breath awareness, shavasana, Yoganidra, pranayama and meditation, imapct of yogic lifestyle on stress management. • Yoga for Personality Development – Yogic attitudes for personality development, Ashtanga Yoga and personality development, personality development with spcial emphasis on Panchakosa. Memory and Concentration; Short-term, long-term memory, stages of memory foundation and maintenance; Yoga modules to improve memory; Barriers to concentration; creativity eastern concept, silence and creativity; yogic approach to creativity; yogic practices for creativity development; Facets of intelligence; concept of intelligence according to Yoga; Yoga practices for IQ development; Practices for Anger Management;

9. Practical Yoga

Yogic Practices – Asana, Kriya, Mudra, Bandha, Dhyana, Surya Namaskara (Techniques, Salient Features, Benefits)

• Shatkarmas Dhauti (Kunjal), Vastra dhauti, Danda dhauti, Laghoo and Poorna sankhaprakshalana, Neti (Sutra and Jala), Kapalbhati, Agnisara, Nauli • Suryanamaskar- Suryanamaskar must be practiced traditionally and the variation in Suryanamskar may be taken into consideration based on the convenience of patients for therapy. • Asnas (yogic postures) Standing Postures Ardhakati chakrasana, Hastapadasana, Ardhachakrasana, Trikonasana, Parivritta trikonasana, Parsvakanasana, Veersana, Sitting postures Paschimottanasana, Suptavajrasana, Ardhamatsyendrasana, Vakrasana, Marichasana, Malasana, Badhakanasana, Merudandasana, Akarna dhanurasana, Gumukhasana, Prone postures Bhujangasana, Salabhasana,

Dhanurasana, Urdhvamukhosvanasana, Makarasana, Supine postures Halasana, Chakrasana, Sarvangasana, Matsyasana, Shavasana, Setubandhasana, Balancing postures Vrikshasana, Garudasana, Namaskarasana, Tittibhasana, Natrajasana • Pranayama Breath awareness, Sectional breathing, Nadishuddhi, Bhastrika, Ujjai, Cooling pranayama (Sitali, Sitkari and Sadanta), Bhramari, Pranayama (with Antar & Bahya Kumbhaka) • Practices leading to Meditation: Pranav and Soham Japa, Yoga Nidra (1,2,3), Antarmauna, Ajapa Dharana (Stage 1,2,3), Practices leading to Breath Meditation, Practices leading to Om Meditation, Practices leading to Vipassana Meditation, Practices leading to Preksha Meditation • Bandhas and Mudras: Jivha Bandha, Jalandhara Bandha, Uddiyana Bandha, Mula Bandha, Maha Bandha, Yoga Mudra, Maha Mudra, Shanmukhi Mudra, Tadagi Mudra, Vipareet Karni Mudra • Contemporary Yogic Practices – Yogic Sukshma Vyayama, Cyclic Meditation (S-VYASA); Mindfulness based Stress Reduction Technique (Kabatzin); Mind Sound Resonance Technique (S-VYASA); Raja Yoga Meditation (Brahmakumaris); Transcendental Meditation (Mahesh Yogi); ZEN Buddhist Meditation; Yoga Nidra (BSY); Savita Ki Dhyan Dharana (DSVV)

UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018 10.Methods of Teaching Yoga

• Teaching and Learning: Concepts and Relationship between the two; Principles of Teaching: Levels and Phases of Teaching, Quality of perfect Yoga Guru; Yogic levels of learning, Vidyarthi, Shishya, Mumukshu; Meaning and scope of Teaching methods, and factors influencing them; Sources of Teaching methods; Role of Yoga Teachers and Teacher training Techniques of Individualized; Teaching Techniques of group teaching; Techniques of mass instructions; Organization of teaching (Time Management, Discipline etc) • Essentials of Good Lesson Plan: concepts, needs, planning of teaching Yoga (Shodhanakriya, Asana, Mudra, Pranayama & Meditation); • Models of Lesson Plan; Illustration of the need for a lesson plan; Illustration of the need for a content plan; Eight Step method of Introduction as developed in Kaivalyadhama. • Evaluation methods of an ideal Yoga class; Methods of customizing Yoga class to meet individual needs. The student will have demonstrations and training in the above mentioned aspects of teaching methods. • Yoga classroom: Essential features, Area, Sitting arrangement in Yoga class • Student’s Approach to the teacher: Pranipaata; Pariprashna; Seva; (BG 4.34)

  Best books for UGC NET Yoga July 2018

BOOK PUBLISHER UGC-Net: Yoga (Paper II & III) Exam Guide Ramesh Publishing House Yoga UGC-NET Objective Type Questions OSD Publication YOGA QUESTION BANK OBJECTIVE & DESCRIPTIVE QUESTION [HINDI MEDIUM] OM SHREE DIVINE PUBLICATION

Download UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018

UGC NET Yoga Syllabus July 2018

[themodernvedic]

5 Sanskrit Words You should know before Even thinking about Yoga

Sanskrit, the language of all yogis, is the primary liturgical and philosophical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.If you are thinking of practicing yoga,you should first understand certain Sanskrit concepts important to the philosophy of Yoga and Ayurveda (called “Sankhya”), in order to gain a greater awareness of what the originators of Yoga really meant.It will thus give you a greater awareness of the potential of Yoga for healing and of the power inherent in Sanskrit words. Yoga is a philosophy and a way of life, however, the connotation of the word “Yoga” has become distorted as Yoga has grown and spread into the mainstream of Western society. Being one of the six “views” (shad-darshana-s) deriving from the Veda-s, Yoga includes both theoretical philosophy (Sankhya) as well as practices (sadhana-s) Language reflects what a culture is about. During the last century there has been a growing cultural exchange between East and West. While India has assimilated many aspects of our Western culture, including everything from English words and television shows to T-shirts and foods, our culture has embraced Yoga and meditation teachings of India. Certain Sanskrit words like guru or mantra are now part of our language, especially now that Yoga is so popular in the West. Since our society associates Yoga with health and meditation, and Sanskrit is the language of Yoga, it has become common to use Sanskrit words for marketing health. Sanskrit words are now connected with the mainstream concept of Yoga in general Even retail companies have adopted Sanskrit names, through which they are trying to have a relationship with Yoga. Obviously the general public intuitively understands that Sanskrit is the language of the Yoga culture. There should be no question as to whether Sanskrit should be the language a yogi studies and uses as a part of the very foundation of their healing art. If you are going to a future yogi,you should at least know these 5 Sanskrit Words:

1. Asana

“Asana” is defined as any of the yogic postures or movements, but literally translates to “seat.” It's said that originally the only posture in yoga was a comfortable seat taken for long periods of mediation. Asana  : (/ˈ��ːsənə/; Sanskrit: आसन āsana 'sitting down',

Asana is traditionally defined as a “comfortable seat” that is the seated posture used for meditation.Asana practice is considered important by yogis because it helps to keep the physical body healthy. Given that the body is the vehicle for the spirit, looking after the physical body is important for spiritual development. Practicing asanas can also have a range of emotional and energetic benefits, increase discipline and concentration, and ready the mind for meditation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Db_h1KFmPns

2. Namaste

Namaste sometimes spoken as Namaskar, Namaskaram is a respectful form of greeting in Hindu custom, found on the Indian subcontinent mainly in India and Nepal and among the Indian diaspora. It is used both for salutation and valediction. Namaste is usually spoken with a slight bow and hands pressed together, palms touching and fingers pointing upwards, thumbs close to the chest. This gesture is called Añjali Mudrā or Pranamasana.

Namaste : (Namas + te, Devanagari: नमस् + ते = नमस्ते) (/ˈnɑːməsteɪ/, Hindi: ) The gesture Namaste represents the belief that there is a Divine spark within each of us that is located in the heart chakra. The gesture is an acknowledgment of our soul to someone else. Nama means bow, as means I, and te means you. Therefore, namaste literally means "bow me you" or "I bow to you." To perform Namaste, we place the hands together at the heart chakra, close the eyes, and bow the head. It can also be done by placing the hands together in front of the third eye, bowing the head, and then bringing the hands down to the heart. This is an especially deep form of respect. Although in the West the word "namaste" is usually spoken in conjunction with the gesture, in India, it is understood that the gesture itself signifies Namaste, and therefore, it is unnecessary to say the word while bowing.We bring the hands together at the heart chakra to increase the flow of Divine love. Bowing the head and closing the eyes helps the mind surrender to the Divine in the heart. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZnsrRh7T2o

3. Om

Om  is a sacred sound and a spiritual icon in Hindu religion. It is also a mantra in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.Om is part of the iconography found in ancient and medieval era manuscripts, temples, monasteries and spiritual retreats in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism..The symbol has a spiritual meaning in all Indian dharmas, but the meaning and connotations of Om vary between the diverse schools within and across the various traditions. (About this sound listen (help·info), Pronounced as: Auṃ or Oṃ, Sanskrit: ॐ) omkara (ओंकार, oṃkāra), aumkara (औंकार, auṃkāra), and pranava (प्रणव, praṇava)

Om is the last sound a Yogi hears before entering the state of Turiya. Om came to be used as a standard utterance at the beginning of mantras, chants or citations taken from the Vedas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWICEFAHGc8

4. Shanti

When you chant, "Om shanti shanti shanti," shanti is an invocation of peace. In Buddhist and Hindu traditions you chant shanti three times to represent peace in body, speech, and mind.Shanti, Santhi or Shanthi means peace, rest, calmness, tranquility, or bliss.

(Sanskrit: शान्तिः, śāntiḥ, Sanskrit pronunciation: ; √ शम śam: ‘be calm’)

5. Yoga

Derived from the Sanskrit word yuj, Yoga means union of the individual consciousness or soul with the Universal Consciousness or Spirit. Yoga is a 5000-year-old Indian body of knowledge. Though many think of yoga only as a physical exercise where people twist, turn, stretch, and breathe in the most complex ways, these are actually only the most superficial aspect of this profound science of unfolding the infinite potentials of the human mind and soul. The science of Yoga imbibes the complete essence of the Way of Life.

Here are various paths of Yoga that lead toward this goal, each one a specialized branch of one comprehensive system: Hatha Yoga Karma Yoga Mantra Yoga Bhakti Yoga Jnana (Gyana) Yoga Raja Yoga https://youtu.be/MilRKHZNqEU Click to Post

[templepurohit]

Vaisheshika and Nyaya Philosophy - http://ift.tt/2plX3Me Shad darshana (Sanskrit: "Six views or insights; six philosophies.") Among the hundreds of Hindu darshanas known through history are six classical philosophical systems: Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimamsa and Vedanta. Each was tersely formulated in sutra form by its "founder," and elaborated in extensive commentaries by other writers. They are understood as varied attempts at describing Truth and the path to it. Elements of each form part of the Hindu fabric today. Read to know more. #TemplePurohit http://ift.tt/2plX3Me

[divyakirti01]

Discovering Advaita Vedanta: Exploring Maya, Brahman, and Samsara - HUA

In this Course, Students will inquire into some of the fundamental misunderstandings that have accumulated around the Advaita Vedanta. Is the world to be taken as unreal? Is it a pessimistic philosophy? Is the world to be renounced? Is it only for Sannyasis? Students will be encouraged to form well-informed perspectives on Advaita Vedanta after a deep inquiry facilitated by the study of an original Sanskrit text, Vedantasara of Sadananda, an authoritative Acharya of the Advaita tradition. This study will enable students to form new insights into Advaita Vedanta philosophy. 

Vedantasara of Sadananda – Part 1 Course content: 

This Course is the first course in a two-part course sequence that introduces Advaita Vedanta systematically based on a text called Vedantasara by Sadananda. Advaita Vedanta is the most dynamic and popular of Vaidika Darshanas (philosophies). It is very well formulated, and it answers our fundamental questions regarding life and our human condition. Although there are many texts that deal with the principles of Advaita Vedanta, Vedantasara is a very good entry level text. 

This Text is prescribed at the Graduate levels at universities in India. What Sankhya Karika is to Sankhya philosophy, Vedantasara is to Advaita Vedanta. Composed in Prose form, the Vedantasara consists of forty-two Gadyanshas. Other Texts such as the Brahmasutra, the Bhagavadgita, Upanishads and other Darshanas will become more accessible once the student acquires a firm foundation in Advaita Vedanta. 

In the first course, approximately half the text will be covered, and the second course will cover the remaining portion. Prior knowledge of Sanskrit or Vedanta philosophy is not necessary to take up this course. A PDF file of the main text with Devanagari and Roman script will be shared with the students. In addition, supplementary reading material will be shared in PDF form. Through this course, students will also get initiated into the Sanskrit language. 

Enroll Course

CONTACT — 407–205–2118

Overview >> Hindu University Of America

EMAIL- saksham.mangwana@hua.edu

Address- 5200 Vineland Rd 125 Orlando, FL 32811

[egodb]

<< 10 >> हेतुमदनित्यमव्यापि सक्रियमनेकमाश्रितं लिङ्गम्। सावयवं परतन्त्रं व्यक्तं विपरीतमव्यक्तम्॥१०॥

Word-by-word

Caused, non-Eternal, non-Pervasive, Procedural, several inhabited, corpus, with-organs, Dependent, manifested. Opposite, unmanifested.

Restated

That which is Manifest objects (1) have a Cause, (2) are not Eternal (they change with time), (3) are not Pervasive (~omnipresent), (4) are Procedural*, (5) exist in the form of several (Intellect etc.‡), (6) have a form/corpus, (7) have organs (faculties of Sight etc.), (8) and are Dependent**. That which is Unmanifest is contrary to that which is Manifest.

* interact with the world through Subtle‡ and non-Subtle‡ Material forms through Medial Causes‡

‡ see the terminology in the footnotes in previous posts

** do not control themselves

॥साङ्ख्यकारिका॥ – Translation

Concise Statement of the Sāṅkya

I am posting the translation of the Sāṅkhyakārikā, a concise statement of the Sāṅkhya Darśana—sort of the Algorithmic school of thought from ancient India. This serves as language practice for me, along with familiarising myself (and hopefully others) with ancient knowledge. I will keep reblogging this post with translated verses added as and when I go through the Sāṅkhyakārikā myself. There are 60 verses. Enjoy!

[egodb]

दुःखत्रयाभिघाताज्जिज्ञासा तदपघातके हेतौ। दृष्टे साऽपार्था चेन्नैकान्तात्यन्तोऽभावात्॥१॥

Word-by-word

From the strike of the three-kinded Sorrow, curiosity [arises] in its warding Cause. In the worldly [means], she[curiosity] [is] useless, if not from a singular-ultimate's absence.

Restated

The hit of the three kinds of Sorrow leads to curiosity in warding it off. Yet, curiosity in worldly means is useless, since there is no one ultimate worldly solution to Sorrow.

॥साङ्ख्यकारिका॥ – Translation

Concise Statement of the Sāṅkya

I am posting the translation of the Sāṅkhyakārikā, a concise statement of the Sāṅkhya Darśana—sort of the Algorithmic school of thought from ancient India. This serves as language practice for me, along with familiarising myself (and hopefully others) with ancient knowledge. I will keep reblogging this post with translated verses added as and when I go through the Sāṅkhyakārikā myself. There are 60 verses. Enjoy!

[egodb]

सामन्यतस्तु दृष्टादतीन्द्रियाणां प्रतीतिरनुमानात्। तस्मादपि चासिद्धं परोक्षमाप्तागमात्सिद्धम्॥६॥

Word-by-word

Generally, from worldly [means]; determination of beyond-organs from deduction. From that, unproven & imperceptible, proven by trusted reception.

Restated

Generally, things are validated by worldly means. That which is beyond the senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) is determined by deduction. That, which cannot be proven by and is indiscernible by deduction, is proven by trusted knowledge.

T/N: The Sāṅkhya school of thought considers the Vedas as this trusted received knowledge.

अतिदूरात्सामीप्यादिन्द्रियघातान्मनोऽनवस्थानात्। सौक्ष्म्याद्व्यवधानादभिभवात्समानाभिहाराच्च​॥७॥

Word-by-word

From a great distance, from proximity, from damage to the organs, from not residing in the mind. From Subtlety, from intervention, from overwhelmment, and from equal-choices.

Restated

Due to being too far away, or too close; due to any damage (or deficiency) in the sense; due to not being registered in the mind; due to Subtlety; due to intervention; due to being overwhelmed; and due to having several choices.

T/N: Subtlety is the property of non-worldly objects. Objects like the "Mind", the "Ego" and the "Intellect" exist, but aren't worldly in nature; they are termed Subtle. Note that these are also considered 'material' objects, but that 'material' is Subtle in nature. Subtle is approximately intangible.

सौक्ष्म्यात्तदनुपलब्धिर्नाभावात्कार्यतस्तदुपलब्धेः। महदादि तच्च कार्यं प्रकृतिसरूपं विरूपं च​॥८॥

Word-by-word

From Subtlety, its non-availability; not from absence, from Effect, [proof] of its availability. And Intellect etc., that Effect, Material-like and -unlike.

Restated

Due to their Subtlety, they aren't seen. Though not seen, their existence is proven by deduction from their Effect. They are like the Intellect etc., which are Material, or non-Material‡.

T/N: Intellect etc. = (1) Intellect, (2)Mind, (3) Ego, (4–8) the faculties of Smell, Taste, Sight, Touch, Hearing, (9–13) the senses of Smell, Taste, Sight, Touch, Hearing, and (14–18) the five Elements, viz. Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, Space. ‡ Material/non-Material is different from tangible/intangible.

॥साङ्ख्यकारिका॥ – Translation

Concise Statement of the Sāṅkya

I am posting the translation of the Sāṅkhyakārikā, a concise statement of the Sāṅkhya Darśana—sort of the Algorithmic school of thought from ancient India. This serves as language practice for me, along with familiarising myself (and hopefully others) with ancient knowledge. I will keep reblogging this post with translated verses added as and when I go through the Sāṅkhyakārikā myself. There are 60 verses. Enjoy!

[egodb]

असदकरणादुपादानग्रहणात्सर्वसम्भवाभावात्। शक्तस्य शक्यकरणात्कारणभावाच्च सत्कार्यम्॥९॥

Word-by-word

From Untrue*-non-doing; from Medial-Cause-taking‡; from all-possibility-impossibility; of the potential, from potentiation; and from Cause-being—True Effect.

Restated

The True* Effect is seen (1) due to the undoing of Untruth, (2) due to taking hold of the medium of sensing‡, (3) due to the impossible of everything being possible, (4) from the manifestation of the potential, and (5) from being Caused. (Very footnote heavy, this one)

* Here, True and Untrue approximately mean "Eternally/Absolutely True" and not (← That). For example, your name, identity, money etc. are all Untrue because they are all Not Eternally/Absolutely True**. Similarly, the trees and mountains you see around you are Untrue because they didn't exist at some point of time, and will not continue existing beyond some point of time.

** Important to note here that Sāṅkhya does assume reincarnation. Briefly, a Spirit gets reborn again and again, living different lives every time. Therefore, the things attached to one life are Untrue.

‡ Okay. Stick with me here; this one's a bit harder to explain. There are two kinds of Causes for you to experience soemthing: a trigger or a triggering Cause, and a medium or a medial Cause. The trigger is kinda external, while the medium is often internal (pertaining to your body, let's say).

To understand these better, let us consider an example: you are zoning out, and someone puts a random photograph in front of you, and you see the photograph. Here, the trigger is someone putting a photograph in front of you. The medium includes your eyes and your faculty of Sight. So, the medium is the Material instrument that you use to observe something.

I can see because I have functioning eyes. If I don't have functioning eyes, I cannot see. Eyes and the faculty of Sight are the Material instrumental Cause for my being able to see — the medium through which I can see. Restating to drive the point home, hopefully.

॥साङ्ख्यकारिका॥ – Translation

Concise Statement of the Sāṅkya

I am posting the translation of the Sāṅkhyakārikā, a concise statement of the Sāṅkhya Darśana—sort of the Algorithmic school of thought from ancient India. This serves as language practice for me, along with familiarising myself (and hopefully others) with ancient knowledge. I will keep reblogging this post with translated verses added as and when I go through the Sāṅkhyakārikā myself. There are 60 verses. Enjoy!

[egodb]

दृष्टमनुमानमाप्तवचनं च सर्वप्रमाणसिद्धत्वात्। त्रिविधं प्रमाणमिष्टं प्रमेयसिद्धः प्रमाणाद्धि॥४॥

Word-by-word

Sight, estimation, and trustworthy-words from all-proof-validity. Three-kinded proof desirable provee-valid from proof, indeed.

Restated

From the validity of proofs, direct sight, deduction and a trustworthy source are the three kinds of admissible proofs. The provee is proven by proof alone.

T/N: One who is to be interviewed is an interviewee. That which is to be proven is the provee.

प्रतिविषयाध्यवसायो दृष्टं त्रिविधमनुमानमाख्यातम्।तल्लिङ्गलिङ्गिपूर्वकमाप्तश्रुतिराप्तवचनं तु॥५॥

Word-by-word

To-object-determination sight; three-kinded; estimation defined its form, form-prior; trusted-knowledge trusted-words.

Restated

The three kinds of proofs are as follows: (1) direct sight is direct determination of the object, (2) deduction is determining the Cause of the object, and (3) trusted words are trusted knowledge.

॥साङ्ख्यकारिका॥ – Translation

Concise Statement of the Sāṅkya

I am posting the translation of the Sāṅkhyakārikā, a concise statement of the Sāṅkhya Darśana—sort of the Algorithmic school of thought from ancient India. This serves as language practice for me, along with familiarising myself (and hopefully others) with ancient knowledge. I will keep reblogging this post with translated verses added as and when I go through the Sāṅkhyakārikā myself. There are 60 verses. Enjoy!