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june-gdprototyping · 5 months ago

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The Commonly Used Metal 3D Printing Materials

Metal 3D printing uses a variety of metal powders, wires, and even liquid resins infused with metal. Almost any metal can be 3D printed, from stainless steel to nickel-based alloys, and in practice, about 8 are most commonly used. The most common question about metal 3D printing is: Will the final part have the same mechanical properties as a machined, moulded or forged metal part? The answer is yes, and sometimes even better mechanical quality, but it depends a lot on the metal 3D printing technology you use, the type of feedstock used, post-processing and the shape of the part. In addition, the comparison depends on the aspects you are concerned about: for example, tensile strength, static load strength, high cycle fatigue, and so on.

In general, the material properties of metal parts made by metal bond jetting are equivalent to those of metal parts produced by metal injection moulding, and it is one of the most widely used manufacturing methods for the mass production of metal parts. These 8 metal alloys below are just the beginning of what is possible today as metal material producers continue to push the boundaries and customize metal alloys for specific needs using specific metal 3D printing technologies.

1.Stainless Steel Feature: All-round Stainless steel is not the material most commonly used in 3D printing, but many alloy varieties. The first two are 316L and 17-4 PH, but also 304L, 15-5 PH, 420, 254, PH1, GP1, 630, and 410 can be printed, as well as custom blends produced by material manufacturer. These steels are specifically designed to resist corrosion. They are a lightweight and affordable metal that is ideal for 3D printing. This is because it is faster and cheaper than traditional methods and can print small batches and complex parts. 3D printing is the preferred option for companies that need a single tool or several replacement parts. Stainless steel can be used in almost any type of 3D printing, from economical wire for extruded 3D printing on benchtop machines to powder for binder jetting and laser powder bed fusion, and even resin.

2.Tool Steel Feature: High hardness, good wear resistance Tool steels, like stainless steels, come in different varieties with different tensile strengths, ductility, hardness and other properties. Tool steels are a variety of alloy steels designed specifically for the manufacture of tools. They are known for their hardness, wear resistance and ability to hold a cutting edge at high temperatures. This 3D printing steel is commonly used in the manufacture of injection mould inserts, aerospace components, military applications, manufacturing tools, as well as construction and architecture. The main advantage of 3D printed tool steel is not only its strength, but also its unique ability to create parts with internal channels (e.g. cooling channels in moulding tools) and lattice fillings that cannot be manufactured by traditional methods.

3.Low-Alloy Steel All 3D printing steels are alloys, but this category includes steels with low or less than 5 per cent of other elements. These low alloy steels are designed to have higher mechanical properties and greater resistance to wear and corrosion than other steels which are commonly used in automotive, aerospace and structural applications.

4.Aluminum Feature: Lightweight and corrosion resistant For aerospace, automotive and industry, the design freedom and cost efficiency of 3D printing further enhances the lightweight and chemical resistance of aluminum components. The use of aluminum and aluminum alloys in 3D printing is surging because the metal is economical and easy to 3D print. Like most metals, aluminum can be used as wire or powder for a variety of 3D printing techniques. Aluminium has good chemical resistance, is very light and has one of the best strength-to-weight ratios of any metal. Combined with silicon and magnesium, it is the choice of many in the aerospace and automotive industries because of its ability to withstand harsh conditions.

5.Titanium Feature: Lightweight and biocompatible As strong as steel but half the weight, titanium is a complex metal that is practically made for 3D printing. Titanium has become one of the most commonly used metals in additive manufacturing, with a wide range of applications in aerospace, joint replacement and surgical tools, racing car and bicycle frames, electronics and other high-performance products. Titanium and titanium-based alloys offer high mechanical strength, high strength-to-weight ratios and better corrosion resistance than stainless steel. It makes rockets and aircraft lighter, thus saving fuel and increasing payload capacity. In the medical industry, 3D printed titanium implants have been successfully used in the spine, hips, knees and extremities due to the inherent biocompatibility and good mechanical properties of the metal, coupled with the ability to customize porous structures with 3D printing, allowing for osseointegration and mass customization for better patient outcomes.

6.Copper Feature: Electrical and thermal conductivity 3D printing using pure copper and space-age copper alloys is available with a range of metal 3D printers and services. You can create rapid copper prototypes using copper filament on an FDM 3D printer and large copper rocket boosters using copper alloys on a laser powder bed fusion 3D printer. There is also copper wire and copper resin for micro 3D printing. In fact, copper plays a huge role in the global sustainable development goals as a key component of electric motors, charging infrastructure, solar energy and batteries.

7.Nickel Alloy Feature: Extreme environments resistant Nickel-based alloys and "high-temperature alloys" are known for their excellent high-temperature strength, corrosion and oxidation resistance. These alloys retain their strength and mechanical properties at high temperatures. They are commonly used in demanding applications such as aerospace, gas turbines, chemical processing and marine environments. In recent years, these alloys have also become increasingly popular in 3D printing, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries. When referring to nickel alloys, you may hear the term inconel. Inconel is the trade name for a range of nickel-chromium-based high-temperature alloys, including IN625, IN718 and IN939. Nickel alloys are generally more expensive than other materials such as steel and aluminium and may not be suitable for low temperature applications.

8.Cobalt Chrome Feature: High temperature and corrosion resistance 3D printed cobalt chrome has a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance, making it a good material choice for aerospace components and industrial machinery. It is also biocompatible and is often used in orthopaedic implants, dental prosthetics and medical devices that require long-term contact with biological tissue. Cobalt-chromium alloys can be processed using additive manufacturing techniques such as selective laser melting (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM). This allows complex geometries and customized parts to be produced with minimal material waste, making it attractive to industries adopting advanced manufacturing techniques.

To sum up, metal 3D printing uses a wide range of metal powders and wires, including stainless steel, tool steel, etc. to print complex parts with superior mechanical properties. Commonly used metals in 3D printing include aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel alloys, tool steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless steel for aerospace, medical and jewellery applications and more.

#design #business #autos #prototype #prototyping #prototype machining #rapid prototyping #3d printed #3d printing #3d printing services #sls #slm

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arcane-vagabond · 1 year ago

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Stranger Like Me: Chapter Three

Pairing: Bradley "Rooster" Bradshaw x Reader

Summary: From a young age, the animal kingdom had fascinated you, and maybe that's why you chose to pursue that passion. You quickly became a force within the field, becoming the leading expert on ape social structures, which is how you found yourself on an expedition into the African jungles searching for a troop of gorillas. What you weren't expecting, however, was to run into the local wild man on one of your excursions... (Tarzan!AU)

ContentWarnings: Language, Suggestive thoughts, Suggestive commentary, Jake being crass, Bradley and Boots in their feelings, Bradley's horny thoughts, caressing of female body parts. I think that's it, but please let me know if I missed anything!

Word Count: 2.7k

Series Masterlist || Moodboard 1 || Moodboard 2 || Moodboard 3

You had settled into an easy routine over the past two weeks, the first trying to iron out the different kinks. Dr. Kazansky had determined that your ankle would take around four weeks to heal if you kept off of it, and as it turned out, Bradley was more than happy to assist. You could think of only a handful of times that you had been on your feet, the large man appearing first thing in the morning to carry you around camp.

Of course, the boys had given you endless shit about it, Jake being the loudest. The second morning after your accident, Bradley had waited for you outside your tent as you changed, his deep, brown eyes surveying the jungle stoically. He had wordlessly scooped you up in his arms as you hobbled towards the entrance, carrying you effortlessly to where the others were already gathered for breakfast. Javy had raised an eyebrow in question, but said nothing. Bob was too busy going over something with Ice to pay you much mind. Jake had walked over from his tent at the same time and let out a loud snort at the sight of you.

“Is this going to be a regular thing now?” He had snickered, gesturing to where you clung to Bradley. “Is he a taxi service now?”

“I’ve already tried explaining to him that I don’t need him to carry me everywhere,” you scowled at the blond. Bradley placed you gently on the bench before plopping down right next to you, Jake taking up the space on your other side. “He’s just insistent upon doing it, is all.”

“If I didn’t know any better,” he drawled as Javy placed a plate of eggs in front of you, “I’d think you like him carrying you around everywhere.”

You cast him a sideways glance as you shoveled a fork full of egg into your mouth, brow pinched together in indignation.

“I don’t.”

“Sure,” Jake hummed, giving you a knowing look before bumping your shoulder with his. “And jungle man over there also doesn’t get a hard on every time he looks at you.”

“Jake!” You exclaimed, cheeks warming as Javy cackled and Maverick cleared his throat, his own cheeks growing a nice shade of pink at the turn in the conversation. Bob and Ice looked over at the two of you, matching shocked expressions on their faces.

“Don’t be crass,” you hissed at the blond, swatting at his arm. He rolled his eyes, accepting the plate Javy handed him with a quiet thanks.

“Is it really being crass if I’m telling the truth?”

“Yes,” you snapped, cognizant of the fact Bradley had been inching closer to you as each moment passed. Jake rolled his eyes at you, but said nothing more.

The next couple of days had you struggling to figure out how to do various chores around the camp. Cooking was easy enough until you needed to get up and grab something.

The first time you had stood up, Bradley’s head had shot up from where he was flipping through one of the sketchbooks Ice had laying about. His honey-colored eyes watched you intently as a frown tugged on his lips, standing when you made to move.

“No,” he said, pushing down on your shoulders gently.

“Bradley, I have to-”

“No,” he said again, more firmly this time, eyes intense and brows pinched. “Hurt.”

“I’m not so hurt that I can’t walk the three feet to grab a spoon,” you scowled at him. He raised an eyebrow at you, turning and walking the few, short steps across the eating area to pluck a spoon out of the container and bringing it to you. You accepted it with a huff, not missing the satisfied smirk that appeared on his face at the small victory.

Laundry was done down by the river, an ever watchful Bradley sitting on one of the stones beside you as you scrubbed the various articles of clothing. He watched you carefully, an unreadable expression on his face as you worked through your task.

After the first half hour, you began to grow increasingly self conscious once you realized he hadn’t taken his eyes off of you for more than a couple of seconds at a time the entire time you two had sat there.

“Aren’t you bored?” You asked him, wrinkling your nose. “I mean, it can’t be fun to just sit here and watch me do all this. Wouldn’t you prefer to help Mav or Ice or someone else? I’m sure they’re having much more fun than we are.”

Bradley’s gaze hardened in confusion. Shaking his head, he shifted slightly, leaning closer towards you.

“Like being with you,” he murmured, the hint of a smile on his lips as he looked at you. The heat on your cheeks had nothing to do with the sweltering jungle heat, and you quickly averted your gaze, pretending to inspect a stain on one of Javy’s shirts. Your eyes darted up when Bradley crept towards you, and for a moment, you were reminded that this man was raised by apes, not humans. His leg stretched out to rest beside you, the rest of him slinking after until he crouched right in front of you, his nose almost brushing yours.

Your breath caught in your throat, and you swallowed thickly as he reached a hand up to brush his fingers across your cheek. His eyes darted down, lingering on your lips as they parted. A shiver ran up your spine as his fingers trailed down, running over your bottom lip, and the intense look in his eye became hungry as you let out a quiet gasp. He let his fingers linger for a second before pulling them away and towards a strand of hair that hung in your face. Slowly, he pushed it back behind your ear, letting his palm cradle your jaw as the two of you sat silently watching each other.

The sound of jungle leaves rustling broke the two of you out of your trance, and Bradley let out a growl as he positioned himself in front of you, glaring intensely at the spot where the noise was coming from.

“Hey, you two!” Maverick called, coming into view with a smile. Bradley immediately relaxed back into his spot beside you, but the frown remained. If you didn’t know any better, you’d think he was annoyed. You cleared your throat, your head still clouded from the intensity of the prior moment.

“Hey, Mav,” you greeted, attempting a smile that you were sure came out as more of a grimace. “What brings you by?”

“Oh nothing,” he grinned. “Just wanted to see if you needed any help with the laundry. It’s very kind of you to offer to do it while you heal up. I know it’s not the greatest chore.”

“I want to feel useful,” you offered, shrugging.

“Well, nevertheless, it’s appreciated,” Mav smiled. “Do you need any help carrying everything back?”

“No,” Bradley snapped, leveling Mav with a glare. The older man looked a little taken aback by the ferocity of Bradley’s answer, but recovered quickly, shooting you a brief, knowing look.

“I see,” he hummed, trying and failing to hide his smirk. “Well, if the two of you change your mind, you know where to find me.”

And with that, he turned on his heel and headed back towards the camp. Once he was out of sight, Bradley huffed, turning back to look at you.

“What’s got you so grumpy?” you asked him, chuckling slightly. Bradley didn’t answer, instead, reaching out to twirl a strand of your hair in between his fingers, bringing it up to his nose and taking a long, deep inhale before giving you another heavy look. Your cheeks heated up once more before you ducked your head down to start the process of scrubbing the laundry once again. You tried not to think about how Bradley’s muscles had bulged when he was crouched in front of you or how his intense look made your thighs clench together.

You were sitting in one of the research tents a week later, transcribing some notes for Dr. Kazansky the following week, having begged the older man for ways to be of use given you were slowly losing your mind doing all of the mundane chores. Bradley was perched in a chair next to you, flipping through the rough sketches Bob had made of some of the baboons and wrinkling his nose.

“What’s that face for?” You giggled, glancing over at him. Bradley huffed and shook his head, giving you a solemn look.

“Baboons are annoying.”

You burst into a fit of giggles, resting your chin on the palm of your hand as you looked at him fully. Bradley’s gaze softened as he listened to you laugh, a tinge of pink coating his cheeks.

“Yeah?” You asked him. “How so?”

Bradley straightened up in his seat, rolling his eyes as he thought back to the countless run-ins he’s had with the creatures.

“They scream a lot,” he scowled, lips pursed as he gives you a serious look. “And they steal my food sometimes. It’s hard to catch them because they climb the trees so fast.”

You had quickly grown used to how articulate Bradley actually was over the course of the last week and a half. You supposed it was no surprise considering he’d had ten years of practice, but even Tom had seemed surprised when he walked in on Bradley telling you a story one day, the younger man animatedly telling you a story about a trick he played on one of the younger members of the gorilla troop he lived with. Now you wondered if the older two men even knew if Bradley could string together more than a couple of short sentences.

His sentences could still be choppy at times and his answers short and direct, sure, but the more you showed interest in what he had to say, the more he found himself opening up and saying more. Bradley found that he liked the way you reacted to what he had to say, and he tried to practice at night once he knew you were asleep. He found himself visiting with Maverick and Tom more, asking them questions about different words for different feelings and ideas. He wasn’t sure why, but he wanted you to know him, to know what he thought about things and how he felt about the world. Maybe it was because he wanted to know those things about you too and to talk about them with you.

“They are pretty fast, huh?” You asked, leaning forward a little more, unknowingly pushing your breasts together and exaggerating your cleavage. Bradley’s eyes flickered down, and he felt a familiar stirring in his groin. He found that this feeling also happened quite frequently around you, and it was often the simplest of things that set it off. It happened when he watched you bend over and dry your hair after a bath one day. It happened when you stretched after sitting hunched over too long, your back arching as you raised your arms over your head. It happened sometimes when you looked at him through your lashes, your bottom lip captured between your teeth.

He shifted in his seat, unable to tear his eyes away from your chest. He felt an overwhelming need to touch them, to touch you. He often found himself thinking of you. How good you smelled. How soft you were. He wanted to touch you, to mark you as his.

The troop leader, Mutubo Tom had named him, had several offspring, so Bradley wasn’t unfamiliar with the concept of mating, or sex as Tom and Maverick called it. However, he wasn’t so sure that his family experienced what he was feeling, at least to this extent. Without thinking, Bradley reached out, running his fingertips over the exposed skin, his shorts growing tighter as he felt the soft, warm skin.

You sucked in a breath, your cheeks heating and eyes going wide as Bradley caressed you. His gaze was intense as he touched you, and you felt a shiver run up your spine when his brown eyes darted up to meet your own. The brown was practically swallowed by black, and you had to muster all of your self control to not throw yourself at him then and there.

“I should, um,” you stuttered after a second, “I should go see if Maverick has started dinner yet.”

You stood abruptly, Bradley following suit. He moved to pick you up, but you took a step back, shaking your head.

“No, I,” you sucked in a breath, “it’s not that far. I think I’ll try walking there.”

Bradley frowned at you, but before he could argue, you beelined out of the tent and into the open air. It was unprofessional to be acting this way, especially with someone who didn’t understand the intricacies of human relationships.

The end of the week brought movie night, and you were giddy when you remembered that it was your turn to pick. Jake and Javy groaned loudly when they saw your choice. You ignored them, taking a seat on one of the couches Maverick and Tom had managed to snag while in the city not too terribly long ago. Bradley immediately sat next to you, his thigh pressed against yours, filling you with an odd sense of comfort.

“What are we watching?” Bob asked as he entered the tent.

“The Princess Bride,” you grinned as Jake plopped down on your other side.

“You couldn’t have picked anything with explosions?” He asked, wrinkling his nose at you in mock disgust. You rolled your eyes, shoving him lightly.

“The Princess Bride is a classic,” you argued. “Don’t be such a guy.”

“I think the Princess Bride is great,” Bob offered, earning dual eye rolls from both Javy and Jake.

“You would,” Jake threw back at the bespectacled man with a grin.

“Explosions and gun fights does not a movie make,” Bob scowled. “It’s good to mix it up every now and then.”

“Exactly!” You exclaimed. “I had to sit through so many hours of Fast and Furious of all things. The least you can do is sit quietly through my movie.”

“Hey, do not knock the Fast and the Furious,” Javy warned, raising his pointer finger at you with a serious look. You rolled your eyes once more but let out a giggle.

“I’ll stop knocking the Fast and the Furious when the movies start being good,” you grinned.

“So, never,” Bob snorted, earning scowls from the other two men. Before the argument could continue, both Maverick and Tom strolled into the tent.

“Oh, The Princess Bride,” Mav grinned, plopping down onto the other couch, Tom not too far behind. “One of my favorites!”

Once everyone was settled, you started the movie, absentmindedly curling into Bradley’s side more and more as the minutes stretched on. Bradley’s fingers came up to play with the strands of your hair, unknowingly lulling you into a deep sleep.

Bradley knew the second you fell asleep, and he smiled softly as he listened to your breathing even out as you relaxed against him. He liked this. He liked how safe you felt with him and how at ease you made him feel. Bradley was somewhat paying attention to scenes in front of him, lost in thought as he tried to understand what was going on. There was one thing that stood out to him, though. A word, actually. He had heard Maverick and Tom say it to each other on rare occasions, but Bradley had never given it much thought before he met you. But, when he saw the two characters on the screen look at each other and say that word, he felt that it might be important. That maybe he should ask them what it meant. You stirred against him, and Bradley felt an ache in his chest as he looked down at your sleeping form. His curiosity could wait for now, he thought. He’d make sure to ask Tom and Maverick what it meant later. For now, he just wanted to stay by your side.

A/N: Reminder to everyone that I am redoing my tag lists! If you haven't added yourself to the new one, please do so! I will also not tag you if you do not have an age listed on your blog or your blog is blank, so if you sign up for the tag list, please make sure you add your age and fill in your blog! As always, comments and reblogs are appreciated. You can also find my works on AO3 under arcane_vagabond. If you enjoy my writing, try checking out some of my other series as well and/or leave me a tip if you feel compelled to do so!