#Rumpler Taube

[pinturas-gran-guerra-aire]

1914 08 30 The Five o'clock Taube - Merv Corning

repost bigger size

[c-130jsuperhercules]

In order:

[studyingforibhistoryexams]

The course of wwi: a brief summary

1914

The western front The German advance was held up by unexpectedly strong Belgian resistance - it took 2 weeks to take Brussels. Britain entered the war to defend Belgium and prevent German dominance of Europe, as well as preventing the capture and use of the French nacy against them. Niall Ferguson: British intervention is "the biggest error in modern history". Rejects the idea that Britain was forced to act in 1914 to secure its borders and the Channel ports as it had tolerated the exact same situation "when Napoleon overran the European continent, and did not immediately send land forces to Europe ... if Britain had not gone to war in 1914, it would still have the option to intervene later." Britain was unprepared to intervene in 1914 and so it wasn't at all in their best interest as it was a recipe for distastrous losses. England's entry into the war transformed a Continental conflic into a world war, which they badly mishandled, necessitating American involvement. THE BATTLE OF MARNE - ally win The Germans continued advancing into France and approaching Paris. The French commander Joffre commdnded his armies to stop retreating, resulting in battle in which a gap opened up in the German lines, forcing them to retreat as not doing so would risk the enemy flanking them from all sides. Trenches were dug as a result and both sides moved further north trying to outflank each other, ultimately ending in a stalemate. Saw the ruin of the Schlieffen plan. - Germany fought a war on two fronts, which was never the intention - Gave the British Navy time to bring its crippling blockade to bear on Germany's ports. - The war of movement was over - trench warfare

The eastern front The Russians mobilised quicker than Germany expected, but then made the mistake of invading both Austria-Hungary and Germany at the same time. They had successes against Austria-Hungary, occupying Galicia, but were defeated twice by Germany (who had brought Hindenburg out of retirement) THE BATTLE OF TANNENBERG - CP win Russian forces invaded East Prussia and pushed the Germans back until the battle of Tannenberg when the Russian army of General Samsanoc was encircled and defeated by the Germans. Never again did Russian troops seriously threaten the German border, although they did tie down huge numbers of German troops on the Eastern front. - Russia lost vast amounts of equipment and ammunition, which had taken years to build up. Although they had 6 and a quarter million men mobilised by the end of 1914, a third of them were without rifles. Serbs drove out an Austrio-Hungarian invasion in fine style at the end of 1914, resulting in Austio-Hungarian morale reaching rock bottom.

The war in the air Air power did not play a decisive role in the war, but there were huge technological developments in air craft during the war. Initially, aircraft were used solely for reconnaissance. This remained a significant function during the war. The importance of aerial reconnaissance was shown at the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914 when, as a result of information provided by German/ Austro-Hungarian Rumpler Taube aircraft, outnumbered German troops were able to correctly predict Russian troop movement in order to encircle and defeat the advancing Russian army.

1915

The western front Stalemate and a war of attrition. BATTLES OF YPRES: high casualties, minimal territory gained. Poison gas used by Germans, but when the wind changed directions, it was blown back towards their own lines and suffered more casualties than the Allies. Especially when the allies released some gas of their own. Poison gas introduced: rarely decisive in battle and military effectiveness was limited due to the introduction of gas masks. Casualties were less than 1% of total WWI deaths. The psychological impact of its usage was much greater.

Trench warfare: Advancing infantry must cross no-man's land to attack, and enemy trenches were protected by rolls of thick barbed wire, which made them easy targets for machine-gune or sniper fire. Military technology available gave the advantage to the defenders. Casualty numbers were frequently devastatingly high and decisive breakthroughs were rare. Commanders have frequently been accused of incompetence and callousness.

Machine guns: mainly used for defensive purposes since they lacked manoeuverability. Excellent against infantry (soldiers marching on foot). Later in the war, technological developments led to the creation of machine guns that could be carried by one person, allowing them to be used for offensive purposes.

The eastern front Russia had mixed fortunes: successes against Austria-Hungary, defeats against Germany, and the capture of Poland. THE GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN - ally loss The allies launched an assault on Ottoman forces to provide a morale boost through an easy success, knock the Ottomans out of the war, open allied supply routes to Russia through the Dardanelles, and weaken Germany by opening another front to their south. The Gallipoli campaign was a total failure: 1st attempt: Anglo-French naval attack failed when ships ran into a series of mines, which ruined the surprise element so that no advancements could be made as the Turks had strengthened their defences. 2nd attempt: British, with New Zealand and Australian troops launched an amphibious assault. They made little progress despite being 1/2 million and eventually had to concede defeat. Consequences: A blow to Allied morale, it was the last chance of helping the Russians via the Black sea - supplying Russia was greatly diminished ITALIANS JOINED THE ALLIES (May 1915) Italy was promised Austrian territory, Tyrol, Trieste etc... and joined the war on the side of the Allies (The secret treaty of London). The Allies hoped that Italy, by keeping thousands of Austrio-Hungarian troops occuptied, would relieve the pressure on the Russians. But the Italians made little headway and their efforts were to no avail: the Russians were unable to stave off defeat.

1916

The western front VERDUN - Ally win An important French fortress town against which the Germans launched a massive attack (in February). They hoped to draw all the best French troops to its defence, destroy them and then carry out a final offensive to win the war. The French helf Verdun, losing about 316k men, as the Germans intended, but they did so too, losing about 280k men and no territorial gains to show for it.

THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME - Ally win A series of attacks by the British to break the stalemate and draw German forces from Verdun, and keep them fully committed so they would be unable to send reinforcements to the eastern front against Russia. British troops walked into deadly machine-gun fire, yet the Commander-in-Chief Haig did not call off the attack. The allies made only limited advances ( 1-11 km along a 50 km front), but the real importance of the battle was the blow to German morale. Casualties: German: 650k; British: 418k; French: 194k. The Allied generals, especially Haig came under severe criticism for persisting with suicidal fronal attacks. A German officer remarked that the British army were "lions led by donkeys". John Terraine: given the fact that the British had no experience of trench warfare, and that they were the junior partners to the French, Haig learned remarkably quickly and proved to be an imaginative and even visionary commander - (a bit of a stretch really...) Contributed to the Allied victory as Hindenburg himself admitted in his memoirs that Germany could not have survived many more campaigns with heavy losses like those at Verdun and the Somme.

LLYOYD GEORGE BECOMES PRIME MINISTER (December) Lloyd George's contribution to the Allied war effort and the defeat of the Central Powers was invaluable. His methods were dynamic and effective. In 1917, he set up a war cabinet so that quick decisions could be taken.

The eastern front THE BRUSILOV OFFENSIVE (June-September) - Ally win? Russians under Brusilov attacked the Austrians in response to a plea from Britain and France for some action to divert German attention away from Verdun and relieve the Italians who were hardpressed fighting Austria-Hungary in Northern Italy. The Russians were initially highly successful and made rapid progress, advancing 160 km, however the momentum of the advance faltered by July due to insufficient supplies and reinforcements, which meant it was impossible to maintain the gains. Ended in September. For Russia, the offensive meant: great casualties (1 million), great strains and great costs The offensive had a detrimental impact on morale on the Russian homefront where discontentment against the war and the government's management of it was increasing due to the substantial privations borne by the population. - REVOLUTION? The offensive did, however, fatally cripple Austria-Hungary's military, which could no longer operate without substantial help from Germany.

The war at sea There were no series of naval battles between the rival dreadnought fleets as both sides were cautious and dared not risk any action which might result in the loss of their main fleets. Number of dreadnoughts in 1914: Germany: 17 Britain: 29 The three aims of the Allies in using their navies: - To blockade the Central Powers, preventing goods from entering or leaving, slowly starving them out. i.e. Block CP/ starve them - To keep trade routes open between Britain, their empire and the rest of the world, so that the Allies themselves would not starve. i.e. trade with empire = no starvation - To transport British troops to the continent and keep them supplied via the channel ports. i.e. transport and supply troops. The Allies were successful in all the above points The naval blockade on Germany had devastating effect on vital food, fuel and raw materials into Germany, which contributed significantly to the German defeat in 1918.

GERMAN SUBMARINE WARFARE - CP loss Germany declared the seas around Britain a war zone and that shipping there would be targetted by German U-boats and sunk without warning. This included attacking civilian ships (that, as suspected by the Germans, carried arms and ammunitions), significantly, the civilian chip Lusitania was sunk with 128 Americans dying as a result. In response, President Wilson warned Germany that another such attack would be "deliberately unfriendly". Germany, to avoid trouble with the USA, refrained for 2 years from making full use of their U-boats. THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND Admiral von Scheer tried to lure part of the British fleet out from its base so that that section could be destroyed by the numerically superior Germans. However, more British ships came out than had been anticipated. After a few hours of furious combat, the Germans decided to retire to base, firing torpedoes as they went. Germany technically won on account of their lesser loss of dreadnoughts, 11 to Britain's 14, but failed to destroy British sea power. In desperation at the food shortages caused by the British blockade, the Germans embarked on 'unrestricted' submarine warfare, and this was to have fatal results for the war as it saw the entry of the US.

UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE - CP loss Germany attempted to sink all enemy and neutral merchant ships in the Atlantic; although they knew that this was likely to bring the USA into the war. The Germans hoped that Britain and France would be starved into surrender. Lloyd George saved the situation by insisting that the Admiralty adopt a convoy system - a large number of merchant ships sailing together, so that they could be protected by escorting warships - this drastically reduced the losses and meant that the Germans had failed. The submarine warfare was significant because it brought the USA into the war.

1917

The western front The stalemate continues... several attempts were made to break the stalemate, but none was decisive.

The eastern front Disaster! Russia's retreat resulted in the entire weight of the German forces against the Western Front. Without the USA, the Allies would have been hard pressed. Britain captured Baghdad and Jerusalem from the Turks, giving them control of vast oil supplies. BATTLE OF CAPARETTO October 1917 - CP win German and Austrio-Hungarian troops launched a major offensive against Italian forces in Northern Italy. Italy suffered a crushing defeat with at leas t 300k dead/wounded/captured. The Central Powers took control over a large portion of Northern Italy and the Italian government contemplated leaving the war. Britain and France were forced to rush reinforcement to prevent a complete collape of Allied lines there.

The Entry of the USA (April) The Zimmerman telegram was intercepted by Britain on its route to Mexico, in it Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico wherein Mexico would declare war on the USA, promising it Texas, New Mexico and Arizona in return. When presented with the telegram, the USA promptly joined the Allies. The USA made an important contribution to the Allied victory by supplying Britain and France with food, merchant ships and credit - though actual military help came slowly. 1917: one American division in action 1918: half a million men were involved in action Most important were the psychological boost which the American potential in resources of men and materials gave the allies, and the corresponding blow it gave to German morale.

1918

The eastern front: THE TREATY OF BRETSK-LITOVSK Germany and its allies agreed to an armistice with Russia on harsh terms, after which Russia withdrew from the war. Russia lost: 2.6 million km^2 of territory including Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Ukraine. 75% of its iron ore and 90% of its coal Almost half of its industry 55 million people Almost half of its best agricultural land Most of this territory was placed under Germany's control.

The western front THE LUDENDORFF OFFENSIVE - CP loss A last desperate attempt to win the war before too many US tropps arrived, and before discontentment in Germany led to revolution. Made use of new infantry and artillery tactics to break the stalemate: infiltration tactics. - Hurrican barrage (short, intensive artillery bombardment) employed to saturate Allied lines with explosive and gas shells 30 minutes before the infantry attack began - Followed by the rapid movement of small detachmentsof stormtrooper infantry. These were armed with light-weight sub-machine guns and grenades with the objective of penetrating and infiltrating weak points, while avoiding strong point which could then be isolated and attacked by troops with heavier weapons. - A second wave of infantry were sent to consolidate the capture of the Allied line. The advance initially made significant progress, advancing 65km the first week - The Germans broke through on the Somme in March and in May were only 65km from Paris. Under the command of the French Marshal Foch, the Allies managed to hold on as the German advance lost momentum, largely due to a lack of reserve forces and sufficient supplies to exploit the initial success. The Germans were forced to draw back in the face of Allied counterattacks. ALLIED COUNTER-OFFENSIVE: involved hundreds of tanks attacking in short jabs at several different points along a wide front instead of massing on one narrow front. Forced the Germans to withdraw their entire line. The Armistice - signed 11. November Though Germany itself had not been invaded, Ludendorff was convinced they would lose in a year and insisted that the German government ask President Wilson for an armistice. He hoped to get less severe terms based on the 14 point, by asking for peace, he would save Germany from invasion and preserve the army's discipline and reputation.

Why did the Central Powers lose the war? 1. Facing war on two fronts was a strain on the Germans 2. Allied sea power was decisive 3. The German submarine campaign failed in the face of convoys protected by British, American and Japanese destroyers. It brought the USA into the war. 4. The entry of the USA brought vast new resources to the Allies 5. Allied superior commanders 6. The continuous strain of heavy losses on the Germans - lost their best troops in the 1918 offensive and the new troops were young and inexperienced. The spanish flu didn't help... Morale was LOW. 7. Germany was badly let down by its allies and was constantly having to help out the Austrians and Bulgarians.

The combination of military defeat and dire food shortages produced a great war weariness, leading to mutiny in the navy, destruction of morale in the army and revolution at home.

[airmanisr]

Rumpler Taube ‘START’ by Alan Wilson Via Flickr: c/n 60 Built 1912 by Rumpler in Germany The Taube was the first military aeroplane to be mass-produced in Germany, although it was designed and originally produced by Austrian Igo Etrich. Some 70 were built in total. This floatplane example became the last genuine Taube to fly under its own power, in June 1922, when it celebrated the tenth anniversary of its own first flight. After a long period in storage, it is now on display in a controlled environment as part of the Flysamlingen Forsvarets Museer (Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection). Oslo Gardermoen, Norway. 26th May 2019 The following information is from the museum website:- On April 19, 1912, the newspapers wrote that Swedish Lieutenant Dahlbeck would come to Norway and fly. Among other things, he would fly over the Navy's main base Karljohansvern in Horten. Some marine officers in Horten liked this badly just seven years after the dissolution of the union with Sweden. They decided to do something about the case and that same night, Premier Løitnant Hans F. Dons went to Germany to learn how to fly. Soon after, officers began raising money for the purchase of planes and to cover the Dons' education. Several conditions meant that this education did not go so well, but planes were purchased and after ten trips with an instructor and three on their own, dons returned to Norway at the end of May without a certificate. However, there was no major obstacle at the time. In Germany, dons bought a plane, a Taube with building number 60, for funds collected by the Norwegian naval officers, most of them his colleagues on the submarine "Kobben". The aircraft was shipped to Horten, where it arrived on May 28, 1912. After installation, the machine was given the name "Start". On June 1, 1912, a historic event took place; first official Norwegian flight with a Norwegian pilot a Norwegian plane in Norway. After some flights, the machine was transferred to the Ministry of Defence on July 31, 1912, with effect from August 1 and under the condition of it to be used by the Navy. It was thereby the first military aircraft in Norway. "Start" crashed several times during the service but was rebuilt. After an extensive crash on August 26, 1915, "Start" flew only once, on June 1, 1922 in connection with the tenth anniversary of the first flight. The aircraft type was constructed by Austrian Igor Etrich, and the aircraft collection's copy is built under license by German Rumpler Luftfahrzeugbau GmbH in Johannisthal near Berlin. It first flew May 15, 1912. The first Taube flew in 1910, and until 1913 Rumpler built about 70 Taube in several varieties. Taube set several records and attracted attention in much of Europe. The type was adopted by German Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches as reconnaissance aircraft and was in service at the outbreak of the First World War. After many years of storage, "Start" was restored to Norwegian flight's 50th anniversary in 1962. It was then exhibited for many years in the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo before arriving at the Air Collection in the autumn of 2001. "Start" is now on display in the museum's special climate zone.”

[jonathanmorse]

All nature is but art, unknown to thee

All nature is but art, unknown to thee

Rennes, France, 1911: a Rumpler Taube. Norsk Luftfartsmuseum, https://digitaltmuseum.no/021015546771/ett-fly-i-lufta-rumpler-taube, digitally restored. Sophomores and Republicans, the name of the institution translates merely as “Norwegian Museum of Aviation.”   And the German word Taube translates as “dove.”

[chrislaguna1-blog]

Rumpler Taube German observation plane flies over. Photo taken in 1917.

[bretdossphoto]

Rumpler Taube (Dove) wing tip @museumofflight #airplane #flight #1910 #wing #fabric #rumpler #taube #rumplertaube #dove #monochrome #blackandwhite #bw #bretdossphoto #bretdossphotography #seattle #seattlecommercialphotographer

[nebris]

1914 Dragon Master and Sea Eagles - Russell Smith

from the artist facebook page: “At the start of WWI, Leutnant Gunter Plüschow was assigned to the East Asian Naval Station at Tsintao, China. On August 15 Japan sent an ultimatum to the Germans in China demanding the evacuation of Kiautschou Bay. The ultimatum was ignored and eight days later Japan declared war against Germany. The Germans were equipped with two Rumpler 1914 model Taubes which had been shipped from Germany. After one of the Taubes was destroyed in a crash, Plüschow served as the sole pilot and observer for the Germans. Flying alone in his Taube, Plüschow made several attacks on the vessels of the blockading squadron by dropping jury-rigged munitions and other available ordnance.While serving in Tsingtao, Plüschow claimed the downing of a Japanese Farman MF.7 using only his pistol. That early claim, depicted here, is credited as being the first official aerial victory in the Pacific.”

[nunoxaviermoreira]

Museum Entry by NoJuan Rumpler Taube Museum of Flight Seattle, WA Olympus Pen-F Panasonic 7-14mm Olympus Art Filter http://flic.kr/p/VnqHC5

[pinturas-gran-guerra-aire]

1914 Etrich (Rumpler) Taube - Russell Smith

The Taube was a pre-World War I German monoplane and the first mass-produced military plane in Germany. It was used for all common military aircraft applications, including as a fighter, bomber, surveillance plane and trainer from its first flight in 1910 until the beginning of World War I.  The name Taube, which is Geman for "dove", does not refer to a specific make or manufacturer of the aircraft, but rather to the design itself. Thus, the plane, which was very popular in the years immediately prior to the First World War, was produced by a number of manufacturers in both Germany and Austria. The most well known versions, however, were those produced by Etrich and Rumpler. By 1914 the Taube proved lacking as a serious warplane and was soon replaced.

[talesofwar]

An early war Rumpler Taube reconnaissance plane. It didn't carry any weapon and was used as a training plane later in the war.

[airmanisr]

Rumpler Taube ‘START’ by Alan Wilson Via Flickr: c/n 60 Built 1912 by Rumpler in Germany The Taube was the first military aeroplane to be mass-produced in Germany, although it was designed and originally produced by Austrian Igo Etrich. Some 70 were built in total. This floatplane example became the last genuine Taube to fly under its own power, in June 1922, when it celebrated the tenth anniversary of its own first flight. After a long period in storage, it is now on display in a controlled environment as part of the Flysamlingen Forsvarets Museer (Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection). Oslo Gardermoen, Norway. 26th May 2019 The following information is from the museum website:- On April 19, 1912, the newspapers wrote that Swedish Lieutenant Dahlbeck would come to Norway and fly. Among other things, he would fly over the Navy's main base Karljohansvern in Horten. Some marine officers in Horten liked this badly just seven years after the dissolution of the union with Sweden. They decided to do something about the case and that same night, Premier Løitnant Hans F. Dons went to Germany to learn how to fly. Soon after, officers began raising money for the purchase of planes and to cover the Dons' education. Several conditions meant that this education did not go so well, but planes were purchased and after ten trips with an instructor and three on their own, dons returned to Norway at the end of May without a certificate. However, there was no major obstacle at the time. In Germany, dons bought a plane, a Taube with building number 60, for funds collected by the Norwegian naval officers, most of them his colleagues on the submarine "Kobben". The aircraft was shipped to Horten, where it arrived on May 28, 1912. After installation, the machine was given the name "Start". On June 1, 1912, a historic event took place; first official Norwegian flight with a Norwegian pilot a Norwegian plane in Norway. After some flights, the machine was transferred to the Ministry of Defence on July 31, 1912, with effect from August 1 and under the condition of it to be used by the Navy. It was thereby the first military aircraft in Norway. "Start" crashed several times during the service but was rebuilt. After an extensive crash on August 26, 1915, "Start" flew only once, on June 1, 1922 in connection with the tenth anniversary of the first flight. The aircraft type was constructed by Austrian Igor Etrich, and the aircraft collection's copy is built under license by German Rumpler Luftfahrzeugbau GmbH in Johannisthal near Berlin. It first flew May 15, 1912. The first Taube flew in 1910, and until 1913 Rumpler built about 70 Taube in several varieties. Taube set several records and attracted attention in much of Europe. The type was adopted by German Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches as reconnaissance aircraft and was in service at the outbreak of the First World War. After many years of storage, "Start" was restored to Norwegian flight's 50th anniversary in 1962. It was then exhibited for many years in the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo before arriving at the Air Collection in the autumn of 2001. "Start" is now on display in the museum's special climate zone.”

[pinturas-gran-guerra-aire]

1912 06 01 Rumpler Taube over Norway - Piotr Dubowik

Pioneer aeronaut Hans F. Dons, originally a naval submarine officer, bought the first Norwegian aeroplane for the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1912. It was a German Rumpler Taube ("pigeon"), and Dons had brought the plane to Norway after a few flying lessons in Germany. June 1st 1912, he took off from a field close to the most important naval port in Horten, Vestfold. In stead of making a short first test flight, he decided to head on over the Oslo fjord, and landed 35 minutes later close to Fredrikstad, 60 km. away

[pinturas-gran-guerra-aire]

1914 Taube vs Avro - Peter Dennis

[airmanisr]

The crash of the two-seat Rumpler Taube flown by Hellmuth Hirth at manoeuvres near Biberach [Germany, 1911] by Kees Kort Via Flickr: On 15 September 1911 the famous German early pilot Hellmuth Hirth was asked to participate in military manoeuvres near Biberach . The intention was to make a reconnaissance flight, so an observer - Freiherr Werner von Wachendorf - teamed up with Hirth. As his own Rumpler Taube was a single seater , they used the two-seater Taube (powered by an Argus 4-cylinder rated at 100 hp) usually flown by Hans Vollmoeller. During the landing fate struck as a cable to operate the engine was jammed and although Hirth was able to gain height at the last minute, they flew in an artillery position. The pilot and the observer walked away miraculously, but two of the artillery personnel were severely wounded. The dame of the machine amounted to a broken propeller and a smashed undercarriage. Source: Kranzhoff, J.A. 2004. Edmund Rumpler. pp. 96-97. The source has another picture showing the Rumpler Taube from another angle, but does not feature this picture. Beware of the beer bottles !

[airmanisr]

Etrich Rumpler Taube Camel at Oslo-Gardermoen by Johnny Comstedt Via Flickr: C/n 194 built in 1912. Rebuilt and modified in 1914. Aeroplane 1 = First Norwegian Military (Marine) Aircraft. Named "Start" ("Start 2" after the reconstruction) (Taube = Dove). In a static temperature and humidity chamber in Forsvarets Flysamling - Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection at Oslo-Gardermoen Airport, Norway 26. September 2018.