#Rorippa

[leedsomics]

Phylotranscriptomics provides a treasure trove of flood tolerance mechanisms in the Cardamineae tribe

Flooding events are highly detrimental to most terrestrial plant species. However, there is an impressive diversity of plant species that thrive in flood-prone regions and represent a treasure trove of unexplored flood-resilience mechanisms. Here we surveyed a panel of four species from the Cardamineae tribe representing a broad tolerance range. This included the flood-tolerant Cardamine pratensis, Rorippa sylvestris and Rorippa palustris and the flood-sensitive species Cardamine hirsuta. All four species displayed a quiescent strategy, evidenced by the repression of shoot growth underwater. Comparative transcriptomics analyses between the four species and the sensitive model species Arabidopsis thaliana were facilitated via de-novo transcriptome assembly and identification of 16,902 universal orthogroups at a high resolution. Our results suggest that tolerance likely evolved separately in the Cardamine and Rorippa species. While the Rorippa response was marked by a strong downregulation of cell-cycle genes, Cardamine minimized overall transcriptional regulation. However, a weak starvation signature was a universal trait of tolerant species, potentially achieved in multiple ways. It could result from a strong decline in cell-cycle activity, but is also intertwined with autophagy, senescence, day-time photosynthesis and night-time fermentation capacity. Our dataset provides a rich source to study adaptational mechanisms of flooding tolerance. http://dlvr.it/T4d3hp

[anthropologistfromentropy]

What about thale cress? It has a weird new organ! https://www.popsci.com/science/new-organ-in-arabidopsis-thaliana/

It is kinda cool name tho. And renaming a model species would be inconvenient lol.

There are bunch of Rorippa and Lepidium species without a common name (at least one listed in wikipedia) tho. Or you could rename some Nasturtium species, they seem to be most often named just cress.

There are apparently at least bittercresses, peppercresses, rockcresses and yellowcresses. Probably bunch of other cresses in Brassicaceae

Or just some plant that makes a spice you think is weird - cress apparently comes from a Old Germanic word cresso meaning spicy. Like cilantro? I think that's pretty weird it can taste like soap. As far as I know, all other spices taste the same for everyone.

[choukhmer]

ស្ពៃទឹក

ស្ពៃទឹក (watercress)Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (គ្រួសារ: Cruciferae) ស្លឹក​ដែល​មាន​លក្ខណៈ​ដូច​ម្ទេស​បន្តិច​ហើយ​ស្រួយ និង​ត្រួយ​នៃ​ស្ពៃ​ទឹក​នេះ ត្រូវ​បាន​គេ​ចូល​ចិត្ត​បរិភោគ​ឆៅ​ក្នុង​ម្ហូប​សាលាដ ដែល​គេ​ហៅ​ថា អន្លក់​នៃ​វេលា​មិន​អាច​បំភ្លេច​បាន ដោយ​យោង​ទៅ​លើ​រុក្ខវិទូ​ដ៏​ល្បីល្បាញ លោក ជីអេស៊ី ហើឡូត ។ រុក្ខជាតិ​នេះ​ដុះ​លូតលាស់​ដោយ​ឯកឯង​តាម​ផ្លូវទឹក​នៃ​តំបន់​អឺរ៉ុប សហរដ្ឋ​អាមេរិក និង​នូវែលសេឡង់…

[futur-ism]

Rorippa amphibia great yellow cress

[thehumofthebees]

[dollsahoy]

The list at the link:

arugula (Eruca sativa) basket-of-gold (Aurinia saxatilis) bittercress (genus Cardamine) cabbage and relatives (genus Brassica) bok choy (Brassica rapa, variety chinensis) brown mustard (Brassica juncea) broccoli (Brassica oleracea, variety italica) Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea, variety gemmifera) cabbage (Brassica oleracea, variety capitata) cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, variety botrytis) collard (Brassica oleracea, variety acephala) kale (Brassica oleracea, variety acephala) kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea, variety gongylodes) napa cabbage (Brassica rapa, variety pekinensis) rape (Brassica napus, variety napus) rutabaga (Brassica napus, variety napobrassica) turnip (Brassica rapa, variety rapa) candytuft (genus Iberis) charlock (Sinapis arvensis) dame’s rocket (Hesperis matronalis) honesty (genus Lunaria) horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Kerguelen cabbage (Pringlea antiscorbutica) pennycress (genus Thlaspi) peppergrass (genus Lepidium) maca (Lepidium meyenii) radish (Raphanus sativus) rock cress (genus Arabis) rocket (genus Sisymbrium) rose of Jericho (Anastatica hierochuntica) sea kale (Crambe maritima) sea rocket (genus Cakile) shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) stock (genus Matthiola) stonecress (genus Aethionema) sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) wallflower (genus Erysimum) wasabi (Eutrema japonicum) watercress (Nasturtium officinale) white mustard (Sinapis alba) whitlow grass (genus Draba) wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) winter cress (genus Barbarea) woad (Isatis tinctoria) yellow cress (genus Rorippa)

so it's a lot more than just cabbage

(granted, some of these are decorative plants/flowers and not, specifically, food)

Discussing foods in the cabbage family, found out there's a chemical in them that some people perceive as bitter and other people don't perceive at all, then found this paper about it

which leads with this anecdote

About 66 years ago, A. L. Fox, a Du Pont chemist, reported a startling accidental discovery (Anonymous 1931, Fox 1932). Boyd (1950) describes the event: Dr A. L. Fox had occasion to prepare a quantity of phenyl-thio-carbamide… As he was placing this compound in a bottle some of it was dispersed into the air as dust. Thereupon another occupant of the laboratory complained of the bitter taste of the dust. This surprised Fox, who being much closer to the scene of operations had of course inhaled more of the dust, but had perceived no taste. He was so positive that the stuff was tasteless that he went so far as to taste some of the crystals directly, finding them as tasteless as chalk. Nevertheless the other chemist was convinced the substance was bitter and was confirmed in this impression when he in turn tasted the crystals and found them to be intensely bitter. Naturally a lively argument arose. In an attempt to settle it, the two chemists called in various other laboratory workers, friends and other people with whom they could establish contact. Some people declared the substance was tasteless and some again found it bitter.

and then you start thinking about how many scientific discoveries happened because of what would now be considered unacceptably lax materials handling/exposure

[konjaku]

犬芥子[Inugarashi] Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern

[freshtendril]

Confetti Fava Chanterelle Egg Hash

Oh boy, where to begin? I wandered into the backyard and the kitchen and grabbed things. Whether it was weeds, garden vegetables, foraged things and a few purchased. I’ll just list..

Foraged: chanterelles, purslane two types, yellow cress (Rorippa palustris), pigweed greens (Amaranthus), and wood sorrel (Oxalis).

Gardened: Fava beans, blueberries, zucchini, garlic scape pesto, garlic chives, arugula, chard greens, French sorrel (Rumex scutatus), thyme, dill and borage flowers.

Kitchen: eggs from my farmer friend, pistachios, lemon, butter, olive oil, salt and pepper.

Garden and foraging abundance for sure. It must be eaten or else what’s the point of growing or gathering it?

[naturetakarazuka]

Flowers in Sakasegawa (2) On 21 April I went to the Sakasegawa, a small river running through the town, to looking for flowers, and 45 species could be found.

Nasturtium officinale, Brassica juncea, Rorippa indica, Arabidopsis thaliana, Orychophragmus violaceus, Valerianella locusta

Taraxacum spp., Ixeris stolonifera, Senecio vulgaris, Avena fatua, Poa annua, Anthoxanthum odoratum

[usfwspacific]

Volunteers Dig In to Help Save Native Plants in Washington

Our 9,382 dedicated U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service volunteers in the Pacific Region gave an incredible 198,914 hours of their time to conservation in 2018. That is the equivalent of 24,864 eight-hour work days and 95 full-time staff members! These incredible folks deserve a huge thank you and during National Volunteer Week (April 7-13) we are aiming to do just that. This is the first in a series of blogs about U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service volunteers and projects. Share your story of service or honor an outstanding volunteer by telling us about it with #iServeBecause, #volunteer and #NationalVolunteerWeek on Facebook or Twitter.

By Heidi Newsome, wildlife biologist at Hanford Reach National Monument and Central Washington National Wildlife Refuge Complex. 

Hanford Reach National Monument, once set aside for the production of nuclear weapons, may seem an unlikely place to be important for rare plant conservation. The Manhattan Project, however, protected a hundreds of thousands of acres of eastern Washington shrub-steppe habitat, making it an island of conservation for 127 populations of 30 rare plant species.

It’s also where you’ll find another uncommon specimen – volunteer Jane Abel.

Jane, along with her husband Keith and other members of the Washington Native Plant Society, have invested numerous hours in work focused on conservation of rare species within the Central Washington National Wildlife Refuge Complex, and in particular on the Hanford Reach National Monument along the Columbia River.  

A refuge biologist like me is often a jack-of-all-trades and master of none, needing to have a knowledge of the biota of the area including plants, animals, insects, mollusks, fungi; and all of the abiotic factors affecting them including soils, hydrology, weather, climate, chemistry, and their numerous interactions.  Volunteers provide a needed resource and expertise managing the resources that belong to all of us.  

Thankfully, Jane – a plant enthusiast with a combination of intelligence, drive and devotion – came to my aid. She was a perfect fit to help me move projects forward.  I had begun experiments in 2005, partnering with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources’ natural heritage program botanist to try to germinate and grow seedlings of the Umatnum desert buckwheat and the White Bluffs bladderpod. In 2009, Jane began assisting in monitoring the extant populations of these species.  By 2010, we had collected native seed for Jane to attempt to germinate and grow.

“I don't remember how or when I blurted out, ‘I will grow these for you!’” Jane said. “It was almost shocking to me that there wasn't more of an attempt to grow native plants and try to colonize them on the Hanford Monument. I slowly realized that commercial growers were able to produce the common woody shrub-steppe plants in large quantities, but it would not be profitable for them to grow fussy endemics that require fine-tuned growing conditions and some odd concoction of specialized soil.”

The very first task Jane took on was to develop her own soil medium, based on information from the literature and observations of both plants in their natural setting.  Both Umtanum buckwheat and White Bluffs bladder pod grow in unique soils – the buckwheat on bare, rocky basaltic ridgelines; and White Bluffs bladder pod on caliche (calcium deposits).  

Keith built tables for the seedlings to grow on in their yard.  Jane closely cared for and observed the plants, watering, using a light, organic fertilizer, and providing shade cloth during summer heat to promote seedling development.  

Umtanum buckwheat has been one of the more challenging plants to grow, Jane said.

“At first I had difficulties finding the right components for a fast draining soil mix and next was pot size – too big and it would be impossible for volunteers to chip through rocks and dig a hole for planting; too small and the roots would overheat on the growing tables in July and August. The solution was smaller pots enclosed in thick wooden boxes to protect the roots in summer.”

Jane was able to germinate 60 seeds and developed 42 seedlings of Umtanum desert buckwheat for outplanting in 2011, and she germinated more than 200 seeds and develop 187 seedlings of White-bluffs bladderpod in 2013!

From 2010 to 2016, Jane nurtured, grew and produced 569 seedling Umtanum desert buckwheat starts. We outplanted them in eight distinct areas on the Hanford Reach National Monument.

Thanks to Jane and others, we’ve learned so much. We discovered how to successfully germinate and propagate this species, and how to grow seedling plants. We learned that Umtanum desert buckwheat can be successfully pollinated in a garden setting and produce viable fertile seed. We have evaluated several planting sites, and learned that Umtanum desert buckwheat will not persist in the loamy soil, and that some rocky component of the soil seems required for establishment. Truly remarkable information to glean from determined volunteers with an interest in plants!

From 2013 to 2015, Jane also produced 856 seedling White Bluffs bladderpod starts. We have outplanted them in two distinct areas on the Hanford Reach National Mounument and monitored their survival.  Our plantings have produced 105 seedlings in the wild!  We discovered how to successfully germinate and propagate this species, and how to grow seedling plants.  We compared outplanting in fall versus spring seasons for this species, and documented flowering, seeding and reproduction from our outplanted starts!

“While we had great difficulty in getting (Untanum desert buckwheat) seedlings to establish, it was so thrilling to discover that our (White Bluffs bladderpod) actually started to re-seed on its own!  I made a very loud squeal and dropped all of the equipment when I turned around and faced a large clump of healthy blooming Physaria (bladderpod) during our survey,” Jane said.

Again, a truly remarkable conservation action accomplished with the power and dedication of volunteers.

In addition to raising the seedlings, Jane and Keith also assisted in the back-breaking work of installing these plants in rocky and inhospitable areas.  Also with additional volunteers, they took multiple trips to water the seedlings as they were getting established, and assisted in monitoring annually to help document the success of these projects. Jane calls the little plants her “babies” and has expanded her work in growing rare plants of the region to include coyote tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata Steyd.), Wormskiold’s northern wormwood (Artemisia campestris var. wormskioldii), Columbia yellowcress (Rorippa columbiae), and Western false dragonhead (Physostegia parviflora).  

Both Umtanum desert buckwheat and White Bluffs bladderpod were listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2013.  Conservation and management actions, such as those that have been ongoing at the Hanford Reach National Monument, are critical to the recovery of both species.

And volunteers like Jane and Keith are critical, too.

Jane’s and Keith’s enthusiasm, concern, devotion and passion for the work of conserving native plants has kept me going on these projects. I could not have done this work without them! The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service would not have accomplished as much without these special volunteers. They have truly made an impact for conservation of the flora of Washington State.

[worldofwarcraftart]

RoRippa by Rogier van de Beek Source: https://ift.tt/2MVTwia

[geopedia-chile-blog]

LOS HUMEDALES CHILENOS: LOS CASOS DE LA REGIÓN DE COQUIMBO Y LA DEL BÍO-BÍO

1.   Resumen: La siguiente columna informativa corresponde a un estudio investigativo bibliográfico y comparativo de los Humedales El Culebrón y Los Batros presentes en las ciudades de Coquimbo y San Pedro de la Paz, respectivamente. Para esto, se integra elementos del medio físico, como son el clima y vegetación asociada a ambos humedales, además de identificar elementos presentes en el ecosistema, como son el caso de la flora y fauna.

2.   Contenidos:

Los humedales son de gran relevancia para los ecosistemas naturales de los territorios, tal como señala Conaf (2013), ya que son zonas donde el agua es el principal factor que controla el medio y así la vida de la flora y fauna del lugar, además de ser una zona de transición entre ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres. La institución señala que son lugares húmedos de forma permanente y también temporales, por lo que corresponden a lagos, ríos, marismas, pantanos, playas de arena, embalses, etc. Estos pueden ser agrupados en humedales marinos, estuarios, lacustres, ribereños, palustres y artificiales.

Chile por su localización geográfica de amplia longitud (4.300 km.), permite la existencia de diversos climas, lo cual facilita escenarios propicios para que se expresen distintos tipos de humedales, hábitat y especies (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, s.f.).  Es por esto, que el siguiente estudio tiene el objetivo de establecer las principales características de los humedales mediante la interpretación de la flora y fauna presentes en ellas, por lo que se enfocara en las regiones de Coquimbo y la del Bío-Bío, específicamente en el Humedal El Culebrón y el Humedal Los Batros, respectivamente.

 HUMEDAL EL CULEBRÓN:

Imagen 1: Humedal El Culebrón. Extraído desde https://i.ytimg.com/vi/js1ajwcwpBQ/maxresdefault.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

Este se encuentra localizado en el borde costero de la ciudad de Coquimbo, en la desembocadura de Playa Changa (Imagen 2). Entre sus principales características, el Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales (2009) indica que es de tipo estuarino y que pertenece al sistema de Humedales Costero de la Región de Coquimbo, por lo que su importancia radica en el valor de las especies que en esta habitan. Por encontrarse en inmediaciones de la conurbación La Serena-Coquimbo, el ministerio indica que se encuentra amenazado por actividades de carácter antrópico, como el desarrollo inmobiliario, que ha generado la ocupación para rellenos clandestinos y depósitos de desechos de construcción, y también desechos derivados de la contaminación urbana, lo que ha generado basurales en sus inmediaciones, introducción de especies y de actividades recreativas.

Imagen 2: Localización del Humedal El Culebrón. Extraído desde Google Maps (2019).

Según Luna y Mena (2006), el medio físico del Humedal del Culebrón se encuentra sometida bajo la acción permanente del Anticiclón del Pacífico Sur, lo cual determina el carácter semiárido de la región de Coquimbo, por lo que da una predominancia del clima de estepa con nubosidad abundante en el humedal, la cual tiene como característica temperaturas relativamente homogéneas que alcanzan los 18°C en enero y los 11,4°C en julio.

Otras características de la zona es su reducida precipitan anual y abundante nubosidad; por su cercanía al mar, el humedal presenta una alta humedad relativa y direccionalidad de los vientos en sentido Noroeste y Sureste (Ilustre Municipalidad de Coquimbo, 2003; en Luna y Mena, 2006).

Vegetación:

Tal como señala Luna y Mena (2006), el humedal se encuentra en una superficie delimitada por el cauce de la Quebrada El Culebrón, por lo cual este se desplaza de Este a Oeste hasta desembocar en el sector de Playa Changa, en la bahía de Coquimbo. Esta zona se encuentra en la región ecológica del Matorral y del Bosque Esclerófilo, con una subregión de Matorral Estepario Costero. En cuanto a sus parámetros de vegetación, la Ilustre Municipalidad de Coquimbo (2003) en Luna y Mena (2006) indica que presenta en su mayor parte una cubierta de hierbas perennes adaptadas a las condiciones de saturación del suelo y de carácter halófilo. Por lo que el tiempo en el cual el agua es retenida por el humedal, como la profundidad del agua, generan influencias importantes sobre la distribución de abundancia y diversidad de la vegetación presente en este ecosistema costero.

Según Ormeño (2005) en Luna y Mena (2006), de acuerdo con las condiciones hídricas predominante en el factor suelo, las comunidades vegetales del humedal se conforman en las siguientes especies:

- Sectores húmedos no inundados: Vegetación halófita, con especies como la Grama Salada (Distichlis spicata), Hierba del salitre (Frankenia chilensis), Hierba sosa (Sarcocornia fruticosa) Crespilla (Haplopappus parvifolius), Malvilla (Cristaria glaucophylla) y Brea (Tessaria absinthioides).

Imagen 3: Hierba del salitre (Frankenia chilensis). Extraído desde http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/plants/chile/plants/Frankeniac/DSC06702-Frankenia_chilensis-Frankeniac-r5x350.jpg, última visita el 26-07-2019.

- Sectores inundados: Vegetación halófita, con especies como Scirpus sp., Totora (Typha angustifolia), Bacopa monnieri, Rume (Eleocharis macrostachya), Hierba de la paloma (Triglochin maritimum) y Cyperus laevigatus.

Imagen 4: Totora (Typha angustifolia). Extraído desde https://www.inhs.illinois.edu/files/9413/3960/9302/TypAng.jpg, última visita el 26-07-2019.

- Cursos de agua: Vegetación hidrófita en las orillas de los canales con plantas arraigadas, de las cuales se encuentran Rorippa chubutica, Sium latifolium, Hierba de la plata (Hydrocotyle ranunculioides) y Potamogeto (Potamogeton strictus).

Imagen 5: Hierba de la plata (Hydrocotyle ranunculioides). Extraído desde http://swbiodiversity.org/imglib/arizona/SEINet/201612/Hydrocotyle_ranunculoides_1481578193.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

- Sectores de agua estancada: Presenta dos especies, una corresponde a Lenteja de agua (Lemna minuta) y la otra a Flor del plato (Azolla filiculoides).

Imagen 6: Flor del plato (Azolla filiculoides). Extraído desde https://www.jardineriaon.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Azolla-filiculoides-de-cerca.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019. 

Fauna:

La fauna presente en el humedal se puede clasificar entorno a su especie, por lo que, tal como señala Luna y Mena (2006), en el Humedal el Culebrón se encuentran presentes:

- Crustáceos: presencia de Camarón de río del norte (Cryphiops caementarius)

Imagen 7: Camarón de río del norte (Cryphiops caementarius. Extraído desde Luna y Mena (2006).

- Peces: presencia de Lisa (Mugil cephalus), Carpa (Ciprinus Carpio) y el Lenguado (Paralichthys adpersu). Además, se distingue la presencia de Gambusia, (Gambussia affinis) una especie introducida la cual es depredadora de larvas de insectos, anfibios y otros peces del sector.

Imagen 8: Lisa (Mugil cephalus). Extraído desde http://www.ittiofauna.org/webmuseum/pesciossei/perciformes/mugilidae/mugil/mugilcephalus/images/m_cephalus-13.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019. 

- Anfibios: en las orillas del estero El Culebrón, se encuentra la especie Sapito de cuatro ojos (Pleurodema thaul).

Imagen 9: Sapito de cuatro ojos (Pleurodema thaul). Extraído desde http://www.jacobita.cl/sitio/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/sapito-4-ojos-01.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

- Reptiles: se encuentran presentes la Lagartija de mancha (Liolaemus nigromaculatus), Lagartija Lemniscata (Liolaemus lemniscatus), Iguana chilena (Callopistes palluma), Lagarto de zapallar (Liolaemus zapallarensis zapallarensis) y Culebra de cola larga (Philodryas chamissonis).

- Aves: de acuerdo con las variaciones anuales, en el humedal se encuentra la presencia de 74 especies distintas de aves, las cuales utilizan el lugar para su alimentación, refugio y reproducción. Entre las especies más abundantes en temporada estival se encuentran la Gaviota dominicana (Larus dominicanus), Gaviota de Franklin (Larus pipixcan) y Zaparito (Numenius phaeopus), mientras que la época de invierno se encuentran la Gaviota peruana (Larus belcheri) y Pato jergón grande (Anas geórgica).

Imagen 10: Zarapito (Numenius phaeopus). Extraído desde https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Numenius_phaeopus.jpg/800px-Numenius_phaeopus.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

-Mamíferos: se encuentra el Ratón de cola larga (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus), Laucha (Mus musculus), Guarén (Rattus norvegicus) y el murciélago oreja de ratón (Myotis chiloensis).

Imagen 11: Murciélago oreja de ratón (Myotis chiloensis). Extraído desde https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e4/4f/e3/e44fe3b311365786cb6ba01dbe8ee08c.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

HUMEDAL LOS BATROS:

Imagen 12: Humedal Los Batros, San Pedro de la Paz. Extraído desde https://assets.diarioconcepcion.cl/2019/03/Humedal-Los-Batros-850x400.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019. 

Se localiza en la ciudad de San Pedro de la Paz, específicamente en Laguna Grande del mismo nombre (Imagen 13). Debido a encontrarse en la zona sur de Chile donde los ríos son más caudalosos, su vegetación aumenta y sus suelos se ven sobresaturados, por lo concuerda con lo dicho por Sepúlveda-Zúñiga (2017), debido a que indica que en la región del Bío-Bío existen numerosas zonas húmedas, las cuales son áreas de refugio y protección de aves. Debido a la gran cantidad de proyectos inmobiliarios y el desarrollo de la ciudad de San Pedro de La Paz, se ha intervenido directamente el área del Humedal Los Batros, generando un irreversible deterioro ambiental producto del accionar humano (Parra, 1999; en Sepúlveda-Zúñiga, 2017).

El humedal se encuentra dentro de un clima mediterráneo. Corresponde a un ecosistema constituido por el estero Los Batros más las áreas de inundación aledañas, por lo que sus áreas de inundación están asociadas a terrenos bajos de vegas y pajonales, el cual desagua con el sistema interconectado de la laguna Chica y laguna Grande (Sepúlveda-Zúñiga, 2017). Según la clasificación de Durgan (1992) en Sepúlveda-Zúñiga (2017), el Humedal de Los Batros corresponde a un humedal de tipo palustre emergente con sectores de inundación permanente.

Imagen 13: Localización del Humedal Los Batros. Extraído desde Google Maps (2019). 

Vegetación:

Al ser un humedal de tipo palustre con sectores de inundación permanente, Sepúlveda-Zúñiga (2017) señala la existencia de distintas especies vegetales, las cuales se pueden clasificar en:

- Totorales cerrados: comprenden amplias zonas homogéneas cubierta por macrófitas acuáticas emergentes, las cuales tienen una alta densidad y rápido crecimiento, permitiéndole reproducirse y regenerarse rápidamente. Dentro de esta especie se destacan la plata nativa como Schoenoplectus californicus y totora/batro (Soyák) (Ramírez y Añazco, 1982; en Sepúlveda-Zúñiga, 2017).

Imagen 14: Schoenoplectus californicus. Extraído desde https://sanpedronaturaleza.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/junco-schoenoplectus-californicus-flor.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

- Plantas cosmopolitas: tiene presencia en especies como Phragmites australis, Carrizo (Trin. ex Steud) y Tule (Typha domingensis).

Imagen 15: Phragmites australis. Extraído desde https://previews.123rf.com/images/ornitolog82/ornitolog821301/ornitolog82130100049/17097954-phragmites-australis-common-h%C3%A1bitat-ca%C3%B1a-t%C3%ADpico-de-avetorillo.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

- Juncales: se encuentran distribuido en los terrenos más bajos del humedal, los cuales presentan inundaciones estacionales. Se destaca la presencia de especies nativas como Juncus procerus y Cyperus eragrostis.

Imagen 16: Juncus procerus. Extraído desde https://live.staticflickr.com/5172/5500593589_4217c5c3fc_b.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

- Anegamientos temporales: praderas o llanuras inundables caracterizada por una cubierta herbácea densa, por lo que sus áreas húmedas destacan las plantas nativas de Juncus procerus y Juncus imbricatus, mientras que en sectores secos aparece una gran cantidad de malezas y plantas introducidas.

- Bosque hidrófilo: éste no se encuentra asociado a las situaciones ambientales de la región del Bío-Bío, ya que no responde de buena forma al clima predominante en la zona, más bien está adaptado a ambientes azonales e intrazonales, como la orilla de ríos o sectores pantanosos (García y Ormazábal, 2009; en Sepúlveda-Zúñiga, 2017). Se destaca la presencia de árboles nativos como Sauce Criollo (alix humboldiana Willd), Pitra (Myrceugenia exsucca O. Berg), Luma apiculata, Arrayán (Burret), Myrceugenia obtusa y el árbol endémico Blepharocalyx cruckshankii.

Imagen 17: Blepharocalyx cruckshankii, árbol endémico. Extraído desde http://fundacionphilippi.cl/sites/default/files/styles/fullsize/public/blepharocalyx-cruckshanksii-victoria-mte-3.gif?itok=1LTV-3Bz, última visita 26-07-2019.

- Matorral esclerófilo: se encuentra e las orillas del humedal, se caracteriza por la predominancia de árboles con hojas siempre verdes de consistencia dura. Aparecen especies típicas como los árboles nativos Molina (Cryptocaria alba), Peumo (Looser), Molina (Lithraea caustica), Boldo (Peumus boldus) y la especie endémica Citronella mucronata.

Imagen 18: Lithraea caustica. Extraído desde https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Lithrea_caustica.jpg, última visita 26-07-2019.

Fauna:

Clasificando según su especie, Yáñez (2015) señala la existencia de los siguientes animales:

- Peces: presencia de especies nativas que se encuentran amenazadas, estos serían Puye (Galaxias maculatus), Pocha (Cheirodon galusdae) y Carmelita de Concepción (Percillia irwini).

Imagen 19: Puye (Galaxias maculatus). Extraído desde http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/images/image/GalaxiasMaculatRK.jpg, última visita 27-08-2019.

- Anfibios: presencia y crianza en el hábitat, de la rana chilena (Calyptocephalella gayi), Eusopus roseus,Batrachyla taeniata y el sapito de cuatro ojos Pleurodema thaul).

Imagen 20: Batrachyla taeniata. Extraído desde http://www.cordilleradenahuelbuta.cl/portal/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Batrachyla-taeniata-Ranita-de-antifaz-RAMON-REYES-642x336.jpg, última visita 27-07-2019.

- Aves: en el humedal y laguna Grande de San pedro se identificaron 67 especies, además se identifica un flujo regular migratorio de las especies Chorlo Chileno (Charadrius modestus) y Zaparito (Numenius); las especies más amenazadas en el ecosistema corresponden a Torcaza (Zenaida auriculata), Becacina (Gallinago paraguaiae), Cisne de Cuello Negro (Cygnus melancoryphus), Hued-hued (Pteroptochos tarnii) y el Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda).

Imagen 21: Hued-hued (Pteroptochos tarnii). Extraído desde https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ab/bd/df/abbddf235a56f671e8373923bac84e76.jpg, última visita 27-07-2019.

- Reptiles: el ecosistema presenta las especies de Liolaemus chilensis, Liolaemus tenius y Tachymeris chilensis, los cuales corresponden a especies nativas de la zona.

Imagen 22: Tachymeris chilensis. Extraído desde https://live.staticflickr.com/519/32026065932_8916db3107_b.jpg, última visita 27-07-2019.

- Mamíferos: se pueden encontrar dos tipos de roedores, el Coipo (Myocastor coypus) y Geoxus valdivianus.

Imagen 23: Coipo (Myocastor coypus). Extraído desde http://especies.mma.gob.cl/imagen.aspx?id=3522&full=true, última visita 27-07-2019.

3.   Bibliografía:

-Conaf (2013). Los Humedales y la importancia de conservarlos. Ministerio de Agricultura 1-6.

-Luna D. & Mena S. (2009). Zonificación para el manejo ambiental del Estero Culebrón. Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Coquimbo, Chile. Disponible en: http://bdrnap.mma.gob.cl/recursos/SINIA/Biblio%20SP-64/634.pdf. Consultado el 27 julio 2019.

-Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales (2009). Línea de Base terreno fiscal con alto valor en Biodiversidad, Región de Coquimbo, Humedal El Culebrón. Ministerio del Medio Ambiente 1-143.

-Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (s.f.). Humedales de Chile. Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Santiago, Chile. Disponible en: https://humedaleschile.mma.gob.cl/ecosistemas/humedales/. Consultado el 27 julio 2019.

-Sepúlveda-Zúñiga (2017). Flora y vegetación del humedal los Batros, Región del Biobío, Chile. Pp. 18-22, in Rojas C., et. al. Urbanización en Humedal Los Batros.  Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable CEDEUS Hub-Udec. Concepción, Chile.

-Yáñez C. (2015). Zonificación ambiental Polígono Laguna Grande-Humedal Los Batros. Dirección de Medio Ambiente, Aseo y Ornato – Municipalidad de San Pedro de la Paz. San Pedro de la Paz, Chile. Disponible en: http://sanpedrodelapaz.cl/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/medio4.pdf

[victordragono]

Anthocharis scolymus Anthocharis scolymus, the yellow tip, is a butterfly in the subfamily Pierinae whose range is Eastern Asia(East China, Korea, Ussuri) where it is commonplace; occasionally it is found in Japan. The apex of the forewing is produced and falcate (sickle shaped); white above and below, with dark apical marking and black median spot on the forewing above, and a black spot at apex of hindwing; the male moreover, has a moderately large orange spot in the apical area of the forewing, occurring occasionally also in the female (= ab. virgo form. nov. The butterfly appears in one brood and is common in swampy places. The larva feeds on cress (Draba, Descurainia sophia, Arabis hirsuta, Cardamine impatiens and Rorippa). Scientific classificationedit Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Pieridae Genus: Anthocharis Species: A. scolymus Binomial name Anthocharis scolymus (Butler, 1866) Source: Wikipedia www.facebook.com/StampSellersBKI #stamps #philategram #stamp #rare #filatelia #prangko #philately #worldstamp #philatelie #philatelist #special #postzegels #airmail #prangkokuno #stampsellers #selos #perangko #stampscollection #stayhome #postales #shotoniphone #Butterfly #entomology #butterflies #larva #anthocharisscolymus #yellow #Japan #orangespot #swampy https://www.instagram.com/p/CDJix8iJuPo/?igshid=1akc03rz2sdpa

[rnomics]

A Survey on Plant Viruses in Natural Brassicaceae Communities Using #RNA-Seq.

Related Articles A Survey on Plant Viruses in Natural Brassicaceae Communities Using #RNA-Seq. Microb Ecol. 2019 Jul;78(1):113-121 Authors: Kamitani M, Nagano AJ, Honjo MN, Kudoh H Abstract Studies on plant viruses are biased towards crop diseases and little is known about viruses in natural vegetation. We conducted extensive surveys of plant viruses in wild Brassicaceae plants occurring in three local plant communities in central Japan. We applied #RNA-Seq with selective depletion of #rRNA, which allowed us to detect infections of all genome-reported viruses simultaneously. Infections of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Brassica yellows virus, Pelargonium zonate spot virus, and Arabidopsis halleri partitivirus 1 were detected from the two perennial species, Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera and Rorippa indica. De novo assembly further detected partial sequences of a putative novel virus in Arabis fragellosa. Virus species composition and infection rate differed depending on site and plant species. Viruses were most frequently detected from the perennial clonal plant, A. halleri, in which a high clonal transmission rate of viruses across multiple years was confirmed. Phylogenetic analysis of TuMV and CMV showed that virus strains from wild Brassicaceae were included as a major clade of these viruses with other reported strains from crop plants, suggesting that viruses were shared among wild plants and crops. Our studies indicated that distribution of viruses in natural plant populations are determined by the combinations of life histories of viruses and hosts. Revealing viral distribution in the natural plant communities improves our knowledge on the ecology of plant viruses. PMID: 30357428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://bit.ly/2XOwsfs

[thors-daughtersthoughts]

Creeping yellowcress (probably)

Rorippa sylvestris

Aka. Keek, yellow fieldcress

Native to Eurasia, creeping yellowcress is invasive in the United States. Likes full sun and moist soil. It appears to have been accidentally brought to North America.

Source

Wikipedia

Www.illonoiswildflowers.

Photo taken by SallyA in Lawtons ny.

[shiftingfixation]

List of plants in the family Brassicaceae

WRITTEN BY: Melissa Petruzzello

LAST UPDATED: Apr 9, 2020 See Article History  Commonly known as the mustard family, Brassicaceae contains some 338 genera and more than 3,700 species of flowering plants distributed throughout the world. Brassicaceae species are characterized by four-petalled cross-shaped flowers that feature two long and two short stamens and produce podlike fruits known as siliques. The following is a list of some of the major genera and species in Brassicaceae, arranged alphabetically by common name. arugula (Eruca sativa)

basket-of-gold (Aurinia saxatilis)

bittercress (genus Cardamine)

cabbage and relatives (genus Brassica)

bok choy (Brassica rapa, variety chinensis)

brown mustard (Brassica juncea)

broccoli (Brassica oleracea, variety italica)

Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea, variety gemmifera)

cabbage (Brassica oleracea, variety capitata)

cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, variety botrytis)

collard (Brassica oleracea, variety acephala)

kale (Brassica oleracea, variety acephala)

kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea, variety gongylodes)

napa cabbage (Brassica rapa, variety pekinensis)

rape (Brassica napus, variety napus)

rutabaga (Brassica napus, variety napobrassica)

turnip (Brassica rapa, variety rapa)

candytuft (genus Iberis)

charlock (Sinapis arvensis)

dame’s rocket (Hesperis matronalis)

honesty (genus Lunaria)

horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)

Kerguelen cabbage (Pringlea antiscorbutica)

pennycress (genus Thlaspi)

peppergrass (genus Lepidium)

radish (Raphanus sativus)

rock cress (genus Arabis)

rocket (genus Sisymbrium)

rose of Jericho (Anastatica hierochuntica)

sea kale (Crambe maritima)

sea rocket (genus Cakile)

shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)

stock (genus Matthiola)

stonecress (genus Aethionema)

sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima)

thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)

wallflower (genus Erysimum)

wasabi (Eutrema japonicum)

watercress (Nasturtium officinale)

white mustard (Sinapis alba)

whitlow grass (genus Draba)

wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

winter cress (genus Barbarea)

woad (Isatis tinctoria)

yellow cress (genus Rorippa)