#Redband trout

[hellsitegenetics]

String identified: ca tg ag at tg ca t at t gc t g tgg t' a a t a a g

Closest match: Oncorhynchus mykiss uncharacterized LOC118943815 (LOC118943815), ncRNA Common name: Redband Trout

(image source)

scary things happening in weather world rn

[plethoraworldatlas]

The Owyhee Canyonlands are a vast, remote land of austere deserts and deep volcanic canyons located in southeast Oregon spanning several million acres, over two million of which have no roads.

From pronghorn, desert bighorn sheep, greater sage-grouse, mule deer, and redband trout to rare native plants, there is no shortage of special and important plants and animals in the Owyhee. Anchored by the Owyhee River, the desert, and prominent mountain high points, the unique geography offers stunning vistas, some of the darkest night skies in the U.S., and historic sites that are significant to the Northern Paiute, Bannock and Shoshone Tribes that lived here for thousands of years.

Urge Oregon Senators Wyden and Merkley to support a national monument designation to protect over a million acres of irreplaceable habitat in southeast Oregon

[i-give-you-a-fish]

C

The California golden trout (Oncorhynchus aguabonita or Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita) is a species of trout native to California. The golden trout is normally found in the Golden Trout Creek (tributary to the Kern River), Volcano Creek (tributary to Golden Trout Creek), and the South Fork Kern River. The Golden trout is the official freshwater state fish of California since 1947.

The California golden trout is closely related to two rainbow trout subspecies. The Little Kern golden trout (O. m. whitei), found in the Little Kern River basin, and the Kern River rainbow trout (O. m. gilberti), found in the Kern River system. Together, these three trout form what is sometimes referred to as the "golden trout complex".

Taxonomy

Originally the golden trout was described as a subspecies of the salmon species, with a name Salmo mykiss agua-bonita, and it is still often considered a subspecies (now called Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita) along with several other rainbow trout subspecies commonly known as redband trout.

FishBase and the Catalog of Fishes however now (2014) list O. aguabonita as an independent species rather than as subspecies of O. mykiss. Likewise, while ITIS lists O. m. whitei and O. m. gilberti as subspecies of O. mykiss, O. aguabonita instead is listed as a full species.

Description

The golden trout has golden flanks with red, horizontal bands along the lateral lines on each side and about 10 dark, vertical, oval marks (called "parr marks") on each side. Dorsal, lateral and anal fins have white leading edges. In their native habitat, adults range from 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) long. Fish over 12 inches (30 cm) are considered large. Golden trout that have been transplanted to lakes have been recorded up to 11 pounds (5.0 kg).

The golden trout should be distinguished from the similarly named golden rainbow trout, also known as the palomino trout. The golden rainbow is a color variant of the rainbow trout.

The golden trout is commonly found at elevations from 6,890 feet (2,100 m) to 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above sea level, and is native to California's southern Sierra Nevada mountains. Outside of its native range in California, Golden trout are more often found in cirques and creeks in wilderness areas around 10,500–12,000"+, often beyond 12,500"+ passes that are not passable without crampons, ice axes, and ropes until after the Fourth of July.Their preferred water temperature is 58 to 62 °F (14 to 17 °C) but they can tolerate temperatures in degraded streams on the Kern Plateau as high as 70 °F (21 °C) so long as those waters cool during the night. The only other species of fish indigenous to the native range of California golden trout is the Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis occidentalis).

Record catches

The Wyoming Game & Fish Department state record golden trout measured 28 in (71 cm) and weighed 11.25 lb (5.10 kg), caught in Cooks Lake, Wyoming in 1948. The IGFA "All-Tackle Length Record" for O. m. aguabonita measured 21 in (53 cm) caught in Golden Lake, Wyoming in 2012.

Distribution

O. m. aguabonita is native to the southern Sierra Nevada, including the upper reach and tributaries of the South Fork of the Kern River, and Golden Trout Creek and its tributaries. It has been introduced in hundreds of lakes and streams outside the native range, though most of these populations did not last or hybridized with cutthroat trout and other subspecies of rainbow trout.

History

In 1892, the California golden trout was originally described by David Starr Jordan, the first President of Stanford University, as Salmo mykiss agua-bonita. The fish was named after the Agua Bonita Waterfall where the first specimens were collected, at the mouth of Volcano Creek, at the creek's confluence with the Kern River. A century later they were listed as Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita in Behnke's Native trout of western North America.

In 1904, Stewart Edward White communicated to his friend President Theodore Roosevelt, that overfishing could lead to extinction of the golden trout. In White's novel The Mountains, he wrote about the threatened golden trout on California's Kern Plateau. Roosevelt shared White's concern and, through U.S. Fish Commissioner George M. Bowers, dispatched biologist Barton Warren Evermann of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries to study the situation. In 1906 Evermann published The Golden Trout of the Southern High Sierras. Based on morphology, Evermann accurately described four forms of this native fish: Salmo roosevelti from Golden Trout (Volcano) Creek, Salmo aguabonita from nearby South Fork of the Kern River, Salmo whitei (named in recognition of Stewart Edward White) from the Little Kern River, and Salmo gilberti, the Kern River rainbow.

Genetic studies have since clarified three groups of trout native to the Kern River: California golden trout (O. m. aguabonita) native to the South Fork Kern River and Golden Trout Creek (tributary to the Kern River mainstem but the historic course of the South Fork Kern River and now only separated from it by a lava flow and ridge of sediment), Little Kern River golden trout (O. m. whitei), and Kern River rainbow trout (O. m. gilberti).

Conservation

Years of overexploitation, mismanagement and competition with exotic species have brought golden trout to the brink of being designated as "threatened". Introduced brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) outcompete them for food, introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta) prey on them and introduced rainbow trout (O. mykiss) hybridize with them, damaging the native gene pool through introgression. Populations have been in steady decline for decades.

In 1978, the Golden Trout Wilderness was established within Inyo National Forest and Sequoia National Forest, protecting the upper watersheds of the Kern River and South Fork Kern River. It also resulted in the closure of the Tunnel Air Camp airstrip and air charters operations for sport fishermen in the region.

In September 2004, the California Department of Fish and Game signed an agreement with federal agencies to work on restoring back-country habitat, heavily damaged by overgrazing from cattle and sheep, as part of a comprehensive conservation strategy.

The US Endangered Species Act (USESA) designated the subspecies O. m. whitei as LT, or Listed Threatened, since 1978, under the name Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei.

Subspecies designations

NatureServe has designated the following NatureServe Conservation Status for the three subspecies:

Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita—Golden trout (G5T1): Critically Imperiled, last reviewed in 2013. The primary threat is hybridization and introgression with stocked rainbow trout. Other threats include competition with non-native brown trout and rainbow trout, predation by brown trout, habitat degradation from cattle grazing, and possibly expanding beaver populations in the native range. Genetic studies showed hybridization with stocked rainbow trout in almost all known wild populations analyzed to as of 2003. Non-hybridized populations are restricted to less than 1% of their native range, and confinement to these areas for long periods create a significant risk of inbreeding depression, and loss of heterozygosity and genetic variance.

Oncorhynchus mykiss gilberti—Kern River rainbow trout (G5T1Q): Critically Imperiled, with questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority, last reviewed in 2005. Few if any genetically pure populations still exist. Primary threats include continued introgression with introduced rainbow trout, habitat loss from grazing, logging and road building, unpredictable events such as floods, drought, and fire (and subsequent landslides), and reduced habitat availability due to introduced beaver.

Oncorhynchus mykiss whitei—Little Kern golden trout (G5T2Q): Imperiled, with questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority, last reviewed in 2005. Hybridization with introduced rainbow trout is considered a threat, and "there is a constant threat from introductions of other salmonids by disgruntled anglers." The subspecies still occurs in the Little Kern River, above the falls on the lower river, though some populations show signs of introgression with coastal rainbow trout.

The American Fisheries Society has designated all three subspecies as Threatened since August 2008.

Translocations outside of endemic range

For sportfishing, the golden trout underwent many twentieth century translocations into multiple Western states and established populations survive in California, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Washington, Colorado, and Wyoming. Populations in the high-elevation lakes in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada, have died out. The current status in other states where the California golden trout were planted (Arizona, New Mexico and Oregon) lacks documentation.

However, a former New Mexico population is relatively well known and storied as, when then-Colonel Chuck Yeager introduced one of his commanding officers, General Irving "Twig" Branch, to the Sierra Nevada populations of golden trout, Branch ordered Yeager and Bud Anderson to introduce the species to the mountain streams of New Mexico. These New Mexico populations have since also died out. In his second memoir, Press On, Yeager detailed his annual fishing trips to catch golden trout which he extols as one of the best game fish and best eating fish to be found.

A self-sustaining introduced population also exists in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada; the province's golden trout population is managed by translocating fish between lakes to balance populations, but no new fish from other populations are introduced.

A

Why'd you click this? For a sense of fulfillment? You wanted to laugh? Without any context of what could be here? How do you know you could trust me enough to click on this? I could have put a rickroll. Or... Another rickroll.

There's no reason to view or read anything that doesn't bring you joy.

Does this?

[americasgreatoutdoors]

The @mypubliclands Little Jacks Creek Wilderness in Idaho, is an inspiring and wild landscape of sagebrush, grasses, and multi-tiered 1,000-foot-deep canyons towering over meandering creeks.

Protected in 2009 and surrounded by Southern Idaho’s Owyhee Canyonlands, the steep grassy slopes of Little Jacks Creek plunge abruptly to a streambed which provides habitat for Redband trout and other fish.

Bighorn sheep are a main attraction here, so be sure to keep your eyes open for these hefty spiral-horned (males only) mammals.

Photo by Bob Wick, BLM. Photo description: A steep canyon cuts through the grassy desert. A blue sky with white clouds is overhead.

[eopederson2]

Steens Mountain Wilderness by Bureau of Land Management Oregon and Washington Via Flickr: The United States Congress designated the Steens Mountain Wilderness in 2000 and it now has over 170,200 acres. All of this wilderness is located in Oregon and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Steens Mountain is located in Oregon's high desert is one of the crown jewels of the state's wildlands. It is some of the wildest and most remote land left in Oregon. Opportunities for recreation on Steens Mountain are as plentiful as they are widespread. Popular activities include camping, picnicking, sightseeing, and exploring the open country on foot and horseback. Hiking is available in all areas and trailheads exist near Page Springs and South Steens Campgrounds, as well as Wildhorse Overlook and Pike Creek. Visitors photograph landscapes, wildlife and wildflowers, and catch redband trout in the Donner und Blitzen River. Others enjoy hunting for wild game and visiting special places, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing. For more information contact: 28910 Hwy 20 West Hines, OR 97738 541-573-4400 BLM_OR_BU_Mail@blm.gov

Wish I could make a trip there this year, but that is not on the agenda. It is a haunting place

[scottbcrowley2]

Redband Trout sculpture honors river’s past, future - Wed, 04 Dec 2019 PST

Advocates for a healthy Spokane River gathered in Peaceful Valley on Tuesday to celebrate the installation of a newly-commissioned sculpture of one of the river’s few remaining native species, the Redband Trout. Redband Trout sculpture honors river’s past, future - Wed, 04 Dec 2019 PST

[namu-the-orca]

Strange salmon So after the Pink salmon I promised some bonus fish, and here they are! These three were also featured on the poster. They’re all a bit unusual; they’re either a salmon but don’t behave like one, or vice versa. In order they are:

Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) Also known as: Rainbow, redband (trout)

Steelhead are the anadromous form of the Rainbow trout. Meaning they, just like salmon, live at sea but are born and return to spawn in freshwater. However, unlike salmon, they don’t die afterwards. After regaining their strength at sea they may return multiple times, and Steelhead as old as 11 years have been found spawning. Unlike regular rainbows these fish develop very salmon-like heads when spawning, with long faces and slight kypes. Their beautiful spotting is very fine and unusually regular on the tail. This unique patterning is always present and can be used to identify them even at sea. Thanks to the rich marine environment, Steelhead grow big: 48" (122 cm) and 55 lbs (25 kg) is maximum, but 20-30″ (50-75 cm) and 5-20 lbs (2.5-9 kg) average. 

Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) Also known as: Sea-run cutthroat, Harvest (trout)

Coastal cutthroat are the anadromous form of the regular Cutthroat trout. Unlike Steelhead and Pacific salmon, Cutthroat do not make lengthy migrations out to sea. Often they just hang out in estuaries for a few months, spending much of the rest of the year in freshwater. Not all upriver migrations are to spawn either; sometimes they just want to overwinter or feed. When fresh out of saltwater Cutthroat can be quite silvery, with pale throat slashes. But as they approach spawning they become more and more yellow and the slashes that give them their name more pronounced red. Coastal cutthroats don’t grow very big: 24″ (60 cm) and 8 lbs (3.5 kg) is the recorded maximum, but average is 10-16″ (25-40 cm) and 1-5 lbs (0.5-2 kg). 

Kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Also known as: Kennerly’s salmon/trout, Kokanee trout, Silver trout, Little redfish, Kikanning, Walla Kokanees are the landlocked form of the Sockeye. Instead of venturing to sea, they spend most of their time in lakes, swimming upriver from them to spawn. Their pocket size and habitat should make identification easy enough. Interestingly, they often bear spots on their back and tail, something Sockeyes never have. The red on their gill covers can also be more extensive. The comparatively nutrient poor lake environment keeps Kokanees at an almost dwarf size compared to Sockeyes. Maximum size is 20″ (50 cm) and 6.25 lbs (3 kg), but don’t expect more than 9-12″ (23-30 cm) and 1-3 lbs (0.5-1 kg) on average.

[monologuerhead]

[”In 2014, Indian Country Today reported that of the United State’s 1,322 Superfund sites, 532 of them were located on Indian lands- an astoundingly disproportionate figure considering how little of the Us land base is Indian trust land. Superfund sites are designated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980. These sites are not just uranium or coal mines either. Some Superfund sites, like the General Motors and the Alcoa aluminum facilities, both in Massena, New York, adjacent to the Saint Regis Mohawk Reservation, were polluted due to manufacturing processes that leached PCBs snd other hazardous substances into local water sources and ecosystems. Of the toxic sites the Indian Country Today story listed, however, the majority were the result of extractive industries. Some were well known, like the Midnight Mine in Washington. Others less so, like Salt Chuck Mine in southeast Alaska on the traditional lands of the Organized Village of Kasaan, which Operated as a copper, palladium, gold, and silver mine from 1916 to 1941. Or the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, which is now the home of the Elem Band of Pomo Indians in Northern California, where mercury poisons people’s bodies and contaminated nearby Clearlake- a traditional source of fish for the tribe— making it the most mercury-polluted lake in the world Or the abandoned Rio Tinto Copper Mine site in Nevada near the lands of the Shoshone Paiute Tribes of Duck Valley, where the mine operated from 1932 to 1976 and whose mill tailings made Mill Creek uninhabitable for redband trout, an important cultural food source.

The extensive environmental devastation as described above is often referred to as “ecocide.” “Ecocide” was first named in international legal circles in the early 1970s to describe the destruction of ecosystems implicating the behavior of governments and corporations all over the world— particularly in indigenous and other marginalized communities— and has been applied in the American Indian context. A decades-long effort to include ecocide alongside the four crimes against peace of the ICC’s Rome Statute (the four being genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression) succeeded, but the revised statute limits ecocide to a crime only during wartime. Ecocide is part of the burgeoning field of “green criminology,” a branch of criminology studies that links ecosystem destruction with corporate crime and environmental justice, seeing the environment as an independent entity invested with rights. But another strand of green criminology research sheds light on the under examined connections between ecocide and genocide, recognizing the human rights implications when ecocide interferes with a culture’s ability to perpetuate itself. By understanding the nexus of ecocide and cultural genocide, these researchers aim to ultimately produce new international laws that prevent the ongoing destruction of cultures due to extreme energy development technology such as fracking o what British genocide scholar Damien Short calls “bottom of the barrel” development.”]

Dina Gilio-Whitaker, As Long as Grass Grows: The Indigenous Fight for Environmental Justice, from Colonization to Standing Rock, pg 68

[typhlonectes]

The McCloud River Redband trout is listed as a species of concern under the Endangered Species Act.

Fragmentation of current habitat, habitat loss, and isolation of existing populations are some of the issues affecting this species. Hybridization with rainbow trout and cutthroat trout is another concern that is contributing to their decreasing population.

Read more: http://ow.ly/ETRW50BULwc

Photograph: USFWS Joel Helseth

[rjzimmerman]

Yaak Valley, Montana and the Black Ram Project

In all the reading I do daily over the past several years, I had not learned about the “Black Ram Project” proposed for the Yaak Valley in Montana. In fact, Yaak Valley is new to me. I learned about it by reading the most recent essay contributed by Bill McKibben to The New Yorker. I was surprised that this project hasn’t been part of the national environmental media scream, because it’s a horrible project involving the timber industry, with serious ecological implications for the area.

Let’s start here. Here’s a map, showing the Yaak Valley:

Here’s a photo (and PS, based on this photo, I want to live here):

Here’s the story, from Bill McKibben and The New Yorker:

The Forest Service—an arm, somewhat anomalously, of the Agriculture Department—is about to decide on a timber sale in the Yaak area of the Kootenai National Forest. The Black Ram Project, if approved, would consign a vast swath of old-growth forest and grizzly-bear habitat in the Yaak to clear-cutting, and would run roads through one of the wildest places remaining in the lower forty-eight states. As it happens, I’ve had the chance to hike that wilderness: the writer Rick Bass, who lives in the area and has made it his life’s work to try to keep this region ecologically intact, took me over hill and dale years ago, and I can still remember the squelching, buzzing beauty of the place.

By all accounts, the Forest Service is on the brink of approving the Black Ram Project. It’s a holdover from the Trump years, when the ex-President (for whom a forest is the place your golf ball goes when you slice it) mandatedhuge increases in timber cuts in national forests. He explained them as necessary to reduce the risk of forest fires. But, as many biologists pointed out, if there’s any worth to such plans, it comes from thinning the smallest trees, not chopping down the old-growth ones that timber companies prize—and which are on the block in the Yaak. Indeed, if you’re interested in averting catastrophic global warming (and the fires that it sparks), one of the easiest, cheapest ways to do it is to leave large old trees standing. That’s why Bass has been calling for a “climate refuge” in the Yaak. He says that we need to “protect the great lungs of our country, the northern tier of inland rainforests, which still offer some hope for sequestering carbon in the old spruce and subalpine fir forests, which can hold 80 percent more carbon in the soil than the drier pine forests.”

In a statement, Randi Spivak, the Public Lands Program director at the Center for Biological Diversity, which is helping fight the proposed clear-cut, described the project as “the last gasp of Trump’s horrifying mismanagement of our national forests and protected wildlife habitat,” adding that “what little old-growth forests remain after decades of clearcutting must be protected. We’ll fight to stop this destruction, and we hope the Biden administration will reverse it.” Like the Line 3 and Dakota Access pipelines, the plan to gut the Yaak would almost certainly not be proposed in today’s political climate. But tomorrow’s actual climate depends on stopping these examples of zombie Trumpism; we’re so close to the climate cataract that we can’t afford to let inertia and interest carry us any farther down the river.

From what I’ve read, this project was approved by the US Forest Service a week ago. Can the new administration stop it?

Rick Bass, the writer referenced by Bill McKibben, appears to be the motivating driver behind the efforts to kill this project. Rick Bass is the Chair of the Board of the Yaak Valley Forest Council. Click on the link to learn more about the Council, the area, the Black Ram Project and whatever else you want to know about this. From this website, I learned about the animals that call this place home:

Aside from the Grizzly Bear, other threatened/endangered/sensitive species occur in this ecosystem including: inland redband rainbow trout, bull trout, wolverine, lynx, fisher, harlequin duck, torrent sculpin, sturgeon, coeur d’alene salamander, great gray owl, westslope cutthroat trout, flammulated owl, short-head sculpin, boreal owl, peregrine falcon, wavy moonwort, mingan island moonwort, towsend’s big-ear bat, small lady’s slipper, common loon, sparrow’s egg lady slipper, kidney-leaved violet, maidenhair spleenwort, black-backed woodpecker, round-leaved orchid, green keeled cotton grass, bog birch, crested shield fern, spalding’s catchfly, linear-leaved sundew, northern golden-carpet, northern bog lemming, and water howellia.

Wow!

[fatehbaz]

October 2019: The first grizzly bear in over a decade to enter and remain for a significant amount of time far within Idaho borders has now returned closer to its home within Montana borders. After enjoying most of the 2018 activity season within Idaho’s Clearwater drainage, the bear returned to its permanent home in Montana’s Cabinet Mountains to den for the winter. The bear then awoke in early 2019 before again traveling to Idaho, staying in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness during summer 2019.

This seems like pretty routine news if you’re from this region, but it’s still a Big Deal because, even though grizzlies haven’t permanently occupied central Idaho’s mountains for decades, environmental groups and US agencies have long recognized the “Bitterroot Recovery Zone” (containing the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness) as a formal zone ideal for potential re-establishment of grizzlies, since so much of central Idaho’s mountains are within designated wilderness areas. Grizzlies weren’t detected in the Bitterroots after 1946, but one was killed by a hunter in the nearby North Fork Clearwater drainage in 2007.

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In 2018, this three-year-old male bear, from the Cabinet-Yaak population, crossed the Clark Fork River, Interstate 90, and the Bitterroot Divide to enter the Idaho panhandle, and then returned to the Cabinets to den for the winter. But then, in 2019, the bear returned to Idaho, crossing the divide again, and traveled through the St. Joe watershed and lush cedar-hemlock forest of the Kelly Creek area before crossing the Lochsa River to reach the Selway-Bitterroot area.

I couldn’t find any maps of this bear’s journey, but I tried to draw it on this map of current (as of 2018) grizzly bear distribution range, from US Fish and Wildlife Service. [Source.]

And here’s a much larger file size. [I added the text at the bottom.]

--

From the Lewiston Tribune, 11 October 2019:

A grizzly bear that spent much of the summer in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area has nudged north and west into Montana. The 3-year-old griz that has shown an affinity for exploration is still in the Bitterroot Mountains but is now north of U.S. Highway 12. Wayne Kasworm, a biologist for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Libby, Mont., said the bear is roaming around the South Fork of Fish Creek drainage, about 15 miles north of Lolo Pass. [...] Kasworm said the bear, whose location is tracked via a satelite collar, had gone missing for about 2½ weeks. But the collar began sending locations again this week. [...] He speculated the huckleberry crop that the bear and other grizzlies and black bears have likely subsisted on for much of the late summer is now pretty well spent. Bears are now focusing on things like the berries of mountain ash trees. [End of excerpt.]

There’s a lot more content about this bear’s journey here: [Source.]

And another article from Coeur d’Alene / Post Falls Press, 1 August 2019: [Source.]

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Here’s a thing. [Source: Western Wildlife Outreach.]

[The Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, where this bear spent the summer, is located within the zone marked “BE.”]

This is also a Big Deal because the bear’s presence in the Bitterroot region is a step towards reconnecting megafauna presence and habitat in the Yellowstone and Salmon River Mountains regions with habitat in British Columbia, Glacier National Park, and the Canadian Rockies. The potential reconnecting of contiguous habitat in the central Idaho with habitat in the Selkirks, Cabinets, and Northern Continental Divide is emblematic of the locally famous “Yellowstone-to-Yukon corridor” concept; or, the establishment of unbroken, undeveloped ecosystems extending along the Rockies from Yukon to Yellowstone.

On that note: Craighead Environmental Research Institute worked with British Columbia agencies and ecology labs in the US to make some nice maps of contiguous habitat corridors in the inland temperate rainforest region, which is the pivotal corridor connecting central/southern Idaho habitats with Canadian environments. [Here, I added the superfluous text.]

All 6 of these species actually are still present in all of the regions marked in deep blue on this map. [Except for the caribou; the caribou no longer lives south of the Canadian border.]

Aside from the grizzly bear, other iconic mountain and forest species which currently live along the Bitterroot slopes of the forested Idaho-Montana border, and which similarly rely on and benefit from this habitat corridor, are black bear; gray wolves; lynx; mountain lion; moose; elk; wolverine; fisher; marten; mountain goat; inland redband trout; bull trout; etc.

Anyway, grizzly bear news like this is pretty routine if you’re from or have lived in this region, but I still find it interesting.

[fishing-exposed]

@eatguineapigs: Morning search for native, pure-strain redband trout in the Boise Foothills. Pretty fish in thick cover & small water. It doesn’t get much better. #flyfishing #nativetrout https://t.co/razYHvTB9A

[behealthy99]

Five Healthy Fish to Add to Your Diet

New Post has been published on https://behealthy99.com/five-healthy-fish-to-add-to-your-diet/

Five Healthy Fish to Add to Your Diet

Best fishes to eat

Fishes are very healthy as they contain good amount of nutrients, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Fishes play a vital role in improving metabolism, sleep quality, skin quality and ease inflammation. As we know that omega-3 fatty acids are essential for brain and heart health as it alleviates inflammation. 

It helps to lower the risks of heart diseases by 36 percent and reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Eating fatty fishes at least two times a week gives benefits to the organs and body functions. However, the contaminants in the water bodies such as mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) released from our household and industries find their way to rivers and oceans and then to aquatic animals hence consuming them regularly might cause health issues to human.

This is why experts ask pregnant and breastfeeding woman and children to not have fishes with higher levels of mercury contamination such as shark, swordfish, tilefish, etc.   

Fishes with Healthy Acids  

Below we have mentioned a few fishes and its benefits;

Alaskan salmon 

Salmon is one of the most nutritious foods on the planet and it contains long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, which helps to reduce inflammation and blood pressure. It is a fish type widely available and significantly cheaper. For a healthy adult eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are being recommended for good health and salmon is included with these fatty acids.  

Mahi- mahi fish 

Mahi-mahi or common dolphin fish has a plenty of proteins, minerals, vitamins and 134 calories. It is a delicate, sweet flavored fish to eat.

Mackerel

Cheapest, tastiest and loveliest fish to eat Mackerel is rich in healthy fats. These fishes are good recipes for meals and lower mercury content Atlantic or smaller mackerel are better to opt.  

Cod 

The large and economically important marine fish is well- riches with phosphorus, niacin, and vitamin B-12. The healthiest fish have soft  flesh which gives unique taste.  

Rainbow trout 

Also called redband trout is a low mercury fish.  It has richest omega-3s content and one of the best types of fish can be eat in terms of environmental impact. 

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[americasgreatoutdoors]

#FindYourWay to deep canyons and truly wild streams along the Little Jacks Creek Wild and Scenic River in Idaho. Protected in 2009 and surrounded by wilderness in Southern Idaho’s Owyhee Canyonlands, the multi-tiered cliffs and steep grassy slopes of Little Jacks Creek plunge almost 1,000 feet to the streambed, which provides habitat for Redband trout. The Little Jacks Creek canyon is a prime example of high desert fluvial geology; vertical and angular rock lines create a mosaic amid coarse-textured, red, brown, or blackish eroded basalt cliffs, often glazed with yellow to light green micro-flora. Bighorn sheep are a main attraction for visiting hikers, so be sure to keep your eyes open! Little Jacks Creek is one of 209 river segments in 40 states that are part of the Wild and Scenic Rivers System, which has protected 12,754 miles of free-flowing rivers over the last 50 years! Photo by Bureau of Land Management, @mypubliclands 

[scottbcrowley2]

Poachers kill about a dozen redband trout on Spokane River - Tue, 10 Jul 2018 PST

Britten Jay, a guide at the Silver Bow Fly Shop, came across a terrible sight Monday. Roughly a dozen dead redband trout floating in the Spokane River near the wastewater treatment plant. Poachers kill about a dozen redband trout on Spokane River - Tue, 10 Jul 2018 PST