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#Rather than just a framework for discussing complex and nuanced ideas in a way that's a bit more easy to understand
dutchdread · 4 years
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Setting the stage
One of the main problems with arguing against any specific group is of course that everyone is different, and everyone has their own interpretation and opinion, therefore whatever I say, someone will say “but that’s not what I believe”. And that’s totally fair, however, in order to make an argument of any sort on the subject of the canonicity of Cloti or Clerith, we need to establish some definition of what we’re arguing for or against. For instance, it’s possible to like a pairing, but not think its canon, or to think a pairing is canon, and not like it. On top of that, there is the fact that there are two parts of this debate, the practical part, and the hypothetical part. 
The practical part addresses the LTD based on what actually happens within the story. From the Cloti perspective, Clouds feelings are mostly irrelevant here. Aerith is dead, so Cloud can’t be with her, end of discussion. The question then becomes, “Does Cloud settle down with Tifa, or does he spend his life being depressed over Aerith?”. Now while the debate SHOULD really end here, it rarely does.
Cleriths generally don’t like using this framework for the debate because on some level they know it can’t be won. The more extreme and misguided ones occasionally try to claim that Cloud is trying to get back together with Aerith in the promised land, and these claims will be addressed, but for the most part the proponents of Clerith prefer to steer clear of the practical argument in favor of the hypothetical one. They’ll say that while Cloud does end up with Tifa, she’s his second choice, Aerith will always be #1 in his heart, and that when it comes to romantic feelings and the role they play in Clouds life, Aerith has the bigger importance.” Since this stance has become ever more difficult to defend, Aerith being #1 has now often given way to either “Cloud loves them both equally”, or  “Cloud loves them both, and it’s up to the players imagination who he loves more”. For Clotis, the practical part is also one that they’d rather not address, 1, because it’s too obvious, and therefore suited only as a conversation ender. Aka “well, Aerith is dead, so Cloud is with Tifa, end of discussion”. 
But more than that, because they feel that the idea that Cloud is only with Tifa because Aerith isn’t around, and that she’s somehow the second prize is fundamentally grating and insulting to Tifas character, which btw, is the first hint that that’s probably not what the developers intended. Yes, it’s an easy argument to win, but just like with mud wrestling, even if you win, you still end up dirty. So because of that, the conversation usually evolves into the more vague realm of speculation. And the claims here become less defined. “If Aerith had survived, Cloud would have ended up with Aerith”. “Cloud loves Aerith more than Tifa”, “Clouds love for Aerith isn’t real”.
These are claims that can be argued over ad infinitum since none of them is concrete enough. They all suffer from the problem of trying to simplify complex nuances into useable and understandable language. What does it mean to say that Cloud would have ended up with Aerith? Lets say that’s true, does that mean she’s more suited for him? That they’re “Soulmates”? Whatever that means? No, it just exchanges one practicality for another, instead of Aerith getting screwed over by dying, Tifa is now getting screwed over by Cloud falling in love with someone while he had brain damage. The conversation can easily continue to “well, if Cloud didn’t have brain damage and Zack wouldn’t have died, then he’d have ended up with Tifa, therefore she’s more of a soulmate”.
These arguments try to reduce the characters to some hypothetical original blank slate to see which one fits better, ignoring the fact that these blank slates don’t exist, that we are all a product of our experiences. And that ultimately, soulmates themselves don’t exist. The best thing we can do is talk about the bonds the characters have, their prevalence, their importance, their nature, how connected their lives are through time and events, and whether the connections they do have between them came about BECAUSE of circumstances, or DESPITE of them.
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patrick-yates · 6 years
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Media Discourses - A Mathematical Theory of Communication / Undead Media
In our first class on Media Discourses, a module based on cultivating proficiency in discussing, analysing and interrogating trends and practices in our chosen fields, we discussed the science of communication; specifically, we focused on Shannon and Weaver’s model from 1947. This model posits that on a basic level, communication functions as in the diagram below:
Tumblr media
In any ‘general’ communication, each of the above boxes will be filled, and thus when one wishes to communicate a message effectively, one should understand exactly what will happen at each stage. We were asked to consider some examples under this paradigm: a painting, for example, may act as a ‘transmitter’ for the ‘information source’ that is the artist’s intended or imagined image. The ‘noise’ (interference) may be a number of things, from the artist’s ability, to the quality of their paint, to the light in which the painting is viewed, to the relative comprehensive skill of the viewer. The message is then received by the viewer’s eye and translated into a final comprehension in their mind.
A particularly interesting concept within Shannon/Weaver’s model is that of ‘entropy’ (10) vs ‘redundancy’ (14), a mathematical approach to the retention/loss of information and whether the message’s impact may rely on entropic factors. A painting, again, may be seen as an ‘entropic’ transmitter, because as a piece of art the viewer may deign to interpret it how they like, obscuring or ignoring its original intent; yet arguably a key function of art is to allow for this interpretation and even prioritise it over practical or mathematical communication. Conversely, ‘redundancy’ describes a message so clean cut and obvious that it barely needs relaying. As artists and communicators with an ideal audience reception in mind (in commercial terms, as they may be, there is always an optimum result), it appears critical that we understand how our art is received in order to best tailor it to its respective needs - it may be especially important to demonstrate to clients how we believe we can do that in order to ensure a contract, and in those respects, this model is a simple and effective way of evaluating and presenting some key stages of communication. When discussing how our messages are most effectively transmitted, it will be crucial that we rely on the audience to interpret some aspects, so deciding how entropic or redundant our communication will be - how coded, as it were - is also a fundamental decision.
This model clearly has its benefits in its distillation of complex ideas, however the idea of a general mathematical approach to a problem with such numerous and inconsistent variables is somewhat dubious. For a start, this model presumes an audience, and a singular one at that - in this day and age, when information is disseminated faster and further than ever, it may be impossible to think in such simple terms. Communicators may find themselves in a position where they must code or obscure certain information to reach disparate audiences, or mollify potential critics. ‘Redundant’ information is far from universal, and entropy may become an inevitability to the point that its presence supercedes the message; the efficacy of this model therefore depends greatly on the nature of what we intend to communicate, making its seemingly universal appeal appear quite disingenuous. It is therefore important to divorce this model from the rather idealistic nature of its inception and ensure it is understood as an advisory placeholder, a blueprint for ideas rather than commercial infrastructure. Our second text this week was Lutticken’s Undead Media, a short essay on the nature of communication in a ‘post-media’ age (12). Lutticken argues that ‘one of the benefits of the break with an essensialist approach to media should be a sustained interrogation of media’s historical lives and of the historicity of the concept of the medium’ - essentially, an argument against the idea of media as a given or defunct variable in art or communication, as Shannon/Weaver’s model seems to interpret it, and for its foregrounding as a dynamic and liminal device. Lutticken brings up the idea of a Gesamtkunstwerk, a complete piece of art, as a historical ideal of a synthesised art form that could project its message perfectly (or as close to perfectly as it can be assumed art has such a remit), and examines that ideal under the lens of modern digital media and commercialism. The potentiality for a ‘true contemporary commercial Gesamtkunstwerk’, he says, has been limited by the dissemination of ‘cinema and other media’, presumably those he considers in some way synthetic or multi-stimulatory in some way; he disputes a claim made by Lev Manovich that analysis of post-media aesthetics should exist outside of any particular media, positing that each form itself carries a certain level of cultural expectation (an unradical idea, that different people will always understand certain cues differently). It seems confusing to me that Lutticken can acknowledge the anti-essentialist claim that media can act as part and parcel of their import, yet is still able to qualify what constitutes a ‘true Gesamtkunstwerk’, an idea which can only exist as a generic ideal for eliding and erasing specific media (’true’ is particularly telling of his coding of its objective quality). Yet, his evaluation of the contemporary importance of ‘post-media bricolage’ (13) is still valuable, as it acknowledges the potential for a new formulation of media-as-message and the communicatory/artistic currency that holds, unlike Shannon/Weaver’s overly simplistic model. I’m fascinated by the idea of art using its respective form’s nuances to project ideas in ways which can only be understood through a specific lens of expectation; for example, perhaps animation is widely understood in the West as a children’s art form, particularly when stylised in a certain way, yet it has the radical power to break numerous filmic conventions at the same time. Limitations of certain media ought to be considered in all eventualities, but whereas Shannon/Weaver seem to think of ‘entropy’ and ‘redundancy’ in binary, the value of interpretation may be considered to play a significant role in how effectively we communicate. We must understand the bounds of our media, and the established roles of those media in the public eye, yet a very important tenet of post-modern communication is in testing those boundaries and seeing whether they bounce back. Thinking about how my own practice is affected by preconception and the communicative limitations that highlights gives space to then consider how limitations might be exploited and/or overcome, either through addressing tropes, ensuring/disbarring the universality of readings within a framework, considering how ‘post-media’ aesthetics factor into discourses of media-specific communication or synthesising new ‘post-media’ values through a myriad of other methods. Communication and language, especially visual language, should not be underestimated as static tools; they may be just as integral and dynamic a feature as the information they are supposed to relay. Bibliography
1. Shannon, C.E., 1948, ‘A Mathematical Theory of Communication’, from The Bell System Technical Journal Vol. 27: New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, pp. 2, 10, 14
2.  Lutticken, Sven, 2004, ‘Undead Media’, from Afterimage Vol. 31, Iss. 4: Rochester, Visual Studies Workshop, p.12-13
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aplusblogging · 4 years
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SOC 120 Blog 5: We Are Not a Wave, We Are the Ocean
What the heck is a "wave" of feminism? The "first wave" secured women's right to vote. The second gave us access to abortion. Now we're in the third wave and we're doing trans rights. Right? It's more complicated than that. As Constance Grady wrote for Vox in 2018:
The wave metaphor can be reductive. It can suggest that each wave of feminism is a monolith with a single unified agenda, when in fact the history of feminism is a history of different ideas in wild conflict.
It can reduce each wave to a stereotype and suggest that there’s a sharp division between generations of feminism, when in fact there’s a fairly strong continuity between each wave — and since no wave is a monolith, the theories that are fashionable in one wave are often grounded in the work that someone was doing on the sidelines of a previous wave. And the wave metaphor can suggest that mainstream feminism is the only kind of feminism there is, when feminism is full of splinter movements.
And as waves pile upon waves in feminist discourse, it’s become unclear that the wave metaphor is useful for understanding where we are right now. “I don’t think we are in a wave right now,” gender studies scholar April Sizemore-Barber told Vox in January. “I think that now feminism is inherently intersectional feminism — we are in a place of multiple feminisms” (Grady, 2018).
So with the understanding that this framework is kind of reductive, let's surf these supposed "waves" a little.
The first wave (1848 to 1920) did indeed centre around women's suffrage for the right to vote. Suffragettes were originally abolitionists, but then got mad when Black men—former slaves—got the vote before them, and Black women were often barred from or forced to walk behind white women during suffrage marches. Margaret Sanger opened the birth control clinic that would become Planned Parenthood during this wave. Women also worked to secure equality in education and employment, though there was a double standard when it came to women in the workplace; Black and brown women were considered less ladylike and more capable of labour, while white women were protected by the white men who held power, considered delicate and expected to stay in the home and raise children. There's some of those differing agendas within the movement.
The second wave (1963 to the 1980s) was called such because it had seemed that feminist activity had died down until Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique in '63, sparking a new "wave" of feminist activity. She talked about "the problem that has no name," which was that white middle-class women's "place" was in the home and they were being pathologised if they didn't like being stuck doing housework and childcare.
The Feminine Mystique was not revolutionary in its thinking, as many of Friedan’s ideas were already being discussed by academics and feminist intellectuals. Instead, it was revolutionary in its reach. It made its way into the hands of housewives, who gave it to their friends, who passed it along through a whole chain of well-educated middle-class white women with beautiful homes and families. And it gave them permission to be angry (Grady, 2018).
The phrase "the personal is political" comes from this time; the idea that small things that can seem like individual problems are actually a result of systemic oppression. Systemic sexism is defined as "the belief that women’s highest purposes were domestic and decorative, and the social standards that reinforced that belief" (Grady, 2018). Other things that were fought for during this time include equal pay; access to birth control (and an end to forced sterilisation of Black and disabled women); educational equality; Roe v. Wade and the right to have consensual abortions; political independence rather than being legally subordinate to husbands; working outside the home (for white middle-class women); awareness of and an end to domestic violence and sexual harassment. Some of the same things that women of the first wave were fighting for. Black feminists, however, were starting to get tired of white people obliviously hogging all the limelight; bell hooks "argued that feminism cannot just be a fight to make women equal with men because not all men are equal in a capitalist, racist, homophobic society" (University of Massachusetts, 2017). This started the tradition of Black feminist thought and womanism.
The third wave, starting in the 1990s and inspired by work in the 80s, embraced a lot of stuff that the second wave rejected.
In part, the third-wave embrace of girliness was a response to the anti-feminist backlash of the 1980s, the one that said the second-wavers were shrill, hairy, and unfeminine and that no man would ever want them. And in part, it was born out of a belief that the rejection of girliness was in itself misogynistic: girliness, third-wavers argued, was not inherently less valuable than masculinity or androgyny (Grady, 2018).
In this time we had the riot grrrl phenomenon on the music scene; the continuation of the fight that started in the 80s for access to medical treatment for HIV/AIDS and the humanisation of queer people; queer politics which emphasise that there are more types of queers than just middle-class white gay men and lesbians; sex-positive feminism advocating for sexual liberation and consent; and transnational feminism, which "highlights the connections between sexism, racism, classism, and imperialism" (University of Massachusetts, 2017). Kimberlé Crenshaw's coining of the term "intersectionality" in the 80s to refer to the intersections between different kinds of oppression (woman AND Black, woman AND disabled, woman AND immigrant, etc.), became the name of the game.
Arguably, we are now in a fourth wave of feminism, an online wave, which "is queer, sex-positive, trans-inclusive, body-positive, and digitally driven" (Grady, 2018). We use hashtags like #MeToo on Twitter and we organise SlutWalks online and we circulate our revolution magazines with hyperlinks rather than paper. We don't have to attend a rally in order to make our presence known, and we don't have to leave the house and gather together in person in order to hear each other's stories and energise each other to act. We're enabled to be lazier, but we're also enabled to do something with minimal energy when we don't have very much due to a medical condition or other disability. We don't have to exhaust ourselves after work by driving or walking to another meeting place, we only have to log on. We face less physical danger online than we do on the streets. We're empowered in different ways than our predecessors were, and we have access to information and audiences in a way they could never have dreamed of.
I won't go into too much detail about the conflicts between generations or "waves" of feminism like Grady does in her Vox article. There will always be squabbling amongst group members. There will always be splinter movements off of the "mainstream" effort. The focus should be on the goal that we all share, that of ending some kind (or all kinds) of oppression. We should be helping each other to achieve that goal and promote real equality, not letting ourselves be divided along temporal, generational, racial, gender, or any other kind of lines. Coalitional feminism is essential—"politics that organizes with other groups based on their shared (but differing) experiences of oppression, rather than their specific identity"—the opposite of identity politics, which revolve around one identity at a time (University of Massachusetts, 2017).
Unity can be difficult when some groups consider their aims fundamentally at odds, but tearing each other down rather than working to tear down the walls that separate the marginalised from the mainstream is just wasted energy. So while the wave structure can be useful when talking about different "main" events in the historical record of feminist activism, ultimately it just attempts to neatly compartmentalise something that has always been vast and complex and noisy. Feminism's nuances are part of its legacy. If there is anything that all feminisms have in common, it is that we have always been a thorn in the side of the establishment.
Vox as a media corporation is a bit left-leaning, but feminism also tends to be left-leaning. Their niche is in explaining political and social goings-on to a lay-public who may not be keeping up with all the news regarding any given topic. Their sources are credible and their reliability is rated highly by Ad Fontes Media and Media Bias/Fact Check.
[1,432 words]
Grady, C. (2018, July 20). The waves of feminism, and why people keep fighting over them, explained. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2018/3/20/16955588/feminism-waves-explained-first-second-third-fourth
“Introduction to Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies” by University of Massachusetts, 2017. CC BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
(http://openbooks.library.umass.edu/introwgss/)
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zjarondinelli · 5 years
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Reading the Field: Playing and Watching American Football as a Literacy Practice
I’ve always enjoyed watching YouTube football analyst, Brett Kollmann’s The Film Room channel, because he has one of the finest understandings of the discourse of football that I have ever seen. The videos that Kollmann produces often focus on a player or team that is seeing success (or having difficulties succeeding) in the National Football League (NFL) and goes into incredible detail about why this is based on previous game footage and an awe-inspiring comprehension of how the game of football is/should be played. It was after watching one of these breakdown videos, that I began to think about the ways that American football could be understood as a type of literacy.
As a result, I took advantage of the opportunity to explore some of the more complex ways that play designs (fairly common multimodal texts used in teaching football) revealed gestural modalities through encoding during my time as a student in Doctoral Seminar 1 (DS1). In what became my final paper for DS1, “Revealing Gestural Encoding: Exploring Multimodal Resources with Embodied Learning”, I suggest that football plays function as multimodal resources that encode gesture because “the icons used in the representation signify more than just the players positions, they signify the player’s themselves” (p. 5) and that as such, “while the multimodal resource helps the player know where they are expected [to be] it doesn’t tell them how to get there against a defender trying to prevent it” (p. 5), which leads to the requirement of personalized gesture when the play viewed on paper is put into action (Rondinelli, 2019). In other words, while the play makes it clear through visual and spatial modalities where the player needs to be in relation to the field at a plays end, it doesn’t give them any assistance as to howthey should get there when they are playing the actual game against an actual opponent.
Since working on that paper, I have fully embraced the idea that football should, indeed, be considered a literacy practice and that this opened up new opportunities to discuss how athletic popular culture impacts multimodal literacy development. Brian Street (1993) defines a literacy practice as the “many different ways in which we act out uses and meaning of reading and writing in different social contexts” (p. 139). As I will demonstrate, football provides the opportunity for a player to act out uses of reading in a particular social context, while viewing football allows one to act out meanings of reading in another context. Furthermore, when American football is viewed through the lens of popular culture, we can apply Donna Alvermann’s (2010) “three debates at the intersection of popular culture and literacy practice” (p. 544) as a way to frame how football can be used in the context of education and literacy development.
To support this idea, I want to extend my previous work. While the reading of playbooks certainly represents one of the literacy events (here defined as an instance in which a particular mode impacts a participants interaction with a text by influencing their interpretive processes and strategies) that make up the larger literacy practice of football, I have begun to recognize that it is far from the only, or even the most meaningful, literacy event in the sport (Heath, 1983). To the point, I have come to believe that the most meaningful literacy event in the sport of American football stems not from reading the playbook in pre-game study, but rather from the act of reading bodies as text either during (on the field) or after (in film study) the game.
As a player on the field, the act of reading bodies as text is much different from the act of reading bodies as text for a viewer; one of my closest friends knows this from experience. Andrew Ghaly has been an avid fan of NFL football for his entire life. He has also had the opportunity to play football at an extraordinarily high level as a wide receiver (WR) for both the Sydney (Australia) University Lions and the New South Wales Wolfpack. When I asked him to speak to the information provided by a playbook, he said: “[the playbook] only tells you where you’re going but what’s in front of you [on the field tells you] how you’ll get there” (A. Ghaly, personal communication, November 4, 2019). He would further clarify that, “if [the defender] is playing up on you, you tend to run your route a little bit deeper because you’re trying to make him think you’re going down field…[so] as soon as he flips his hips, that’s when you break” (A. Ghaly, personal communication, November 4, 2019). For Ghaly, the reading of a defender’s body (or the defender reading hisbody) is something that occurs before and during every snap of the football; to respond to the body as text is to alter and adjust gesture and motion in an attempt to confuse the defender who is also trying to do the same. In order to successfully beata defender (the goal as a WR is always to create space between you and the defender in order to make room to catch the football). Therefore, a WR must consciously and critically evaluate the gestural tendencies of the defender in order to preemptively predict what he plans to do. As a gestural literacy event (one player actively reading the body of the other player as a text in order to identify the best possible interpretive strategies) this fits within the larger schematic of football as a literacy practice. But, how does this shift when a player is watching versus playing?
In his book, Take Your Eye Off the Ball 2.0: How to Watch Football by Knowing Where to Look, former NFL scout, Pat Kirwan (2015), discusses how “football can’t be learned while it’s happening” (p. xiv) and it is for this reason that it is a mandatory requirement for football players to evaluate film of the defender that they will be going up against next week. The reason for this is simple; once you know the gestural tendencies of your opponent (say, the defender always lines up on the WR’s outside shoulder before backpedaling for a deep coverage defense)and can recognize his gestural discourses, you can design a response that will be most effective (for instance, call an option for an inside slant).Ghaly also spoke to the importance of film study as it relates to reading the body as text in preparation to compete against a particular opponent: “If [the defender] is giving me cushion but I know [from film] he’s going to always crash down, I’m gunna be playing it that way” (A. Ghaly, personal communication, November 4, 2019).In other words, from the perspective of post-game viewing, the player begins to build up a sort of lexicon about the defender they’ll be playing against that acts as a sort of gestural discourse analysis and allows them to fill their toolbox for the game with strategies to utilize against the defender. Interestingly, this reading body as text in a post-game setting informs the strategies that will be employed on-field, as well.
So, while this all leads me to firmly believe that American football exists as a complex literacy practice built upon a “multiplicity of literacies” (p. 139) it is also, undeniably, a popular culture phenomenon and begs the question as to whether or not it holds any value within the framework of literacy education (Street, 1993). Here, we can turn to Donna Alvermann’s (2010) three debates to support the usefulness of football as both popular culture and literacy practice.
In her work, Alvermann identifies three debates related to popular culture and literacy education focused on agency, transfer, and identity.As it relates to the debate of agency, football as literacy practice can be seen as a powerful informal site of learning that can be used to shape interpretive processes and strategies for students within a larger literacy network which would allow students to use the skills (discourses) established within the sport to support the creation (design through hybridization/remix) of their own body as text (Alvermann, 2010). This also feeds into the question of transfer, because it recognizes that informal and formal sites of learning are both meaningful (qualitatively similar) and, as such, can co-exist in a reciprocal relationship whereby literacy development within informal settings (such as the football field) can feed into literacy development in the formal classroom setting (Alvermann, 2010). For example, football as a literacy practice that promotes the development of gestural literacy skills is likely to also promote the development of a more nuanced recognition and understanding of body language as communication in drama class, or film/media studies. This would allow the students to not only utilize those skills in the creation of body as text within those classes, but also allow them a better understanding of the discourse by which they could discuss and analyze instances of it in other texts. Indeed, if we accept Street’s “ideological model of literacy” (p. 139) that recognizes a “multiplicity of literacies” (p. 139), then we must also recognize the power of football as literacy on the questions of agency and transfer(Street, 1993).
Finally, Street’s ideological model of literacy also works to support football as literacy practice in response to Alvermann’s question of identity. Street (1993) says, “whichever forms of reading and writing we learn and use have associated with them certain social identities, expectations about behavior, and role models” (p. 140). Indeed, as a way to engage youth in conversation about social or educational equity, football as literacy practice can guide students who have developed skills in non-traditional areas of literacy towards an identity formation that informs the acceptable practices of the classroom (Alvermann, 2010). Acknowledging football as a popular culture literacy practice provides teachers the opportunity to leverage it as a site of “identity construction” (p. 551) for students that allows “youth to speak their own truths into existence” (p. 551) by accepting it into the wider literacy conversation within the classroom (Alvermann, 2010).
When kids are learning to play sports, there is one rule that a coach will always tell their players to remember: “keep your eye on the ball” (Kirwan, 2015, p. xiii). However, when it comes to football as a literacy practice, it would seem as though keeping our eye on the ball has prevented us from recognizing the powerful opportunity that exists to leverage a massive popular culture phenomenon for the purposes of literacy education. When we focus on the ball, we miss the nuanced gesture of a WR who feints and stutter-steps towards an inward slant to get a defender off balance before bursting towards the sideline for an out route or the safety who sees the body language of the quarterback and anticipates his through for a quick interception. When we finally take our eye off the ball, it becomes clear that American football, both on and off the field, has a lot to offer literacy education.
References
Alvermann, D. (2010). Popular culture and literacy practices. In M.L. Kamil, P.D. Pearson, E.B. Moje, and P.P. Afflerbach (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (541-560). New York, NY: Routledge.
Ghaly, A. (2019, November 4). Personal interview.
Heath, S.B. (1982). What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and school. Language in Society, 11(1), 49-76.
Kirwin, P. (2015). Take Your Eye Off the Ball 2.0: How to Watch Football by Knowing Where to Look. Chicago, IL: Triumph Books.
Rondinelli, Z. (2019) Revealing gestural encoding: Exploring multimodal resources with embodied learning. Unpublished final course paper.
Street, B. (1993). Cross-cultural perspectives on literacy. In J. Maybin (Ed.), Language and literacy in social practice(139-150). The Open University.
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Discourse of Wednesday, 05 September 2018
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The last two; and recited perfectly other than they do poorly on the specific nature of the passage and gave an engaged and passionate and a departure from your general plan such as mid-century ideas of others to be my advice. As I said, most of these are acceptable choices they're all wonderful poems. Let me know. I think that this doesn't ever quite happen in an analysis and the next one. Unfortunately, you can, OK? There were no D-—You've written a gracefully structured essay that is difficult in this class, because you will have to schedule a room for you would like to recite and discuss next Wednesday 16 October On Sean O'Casey's The Plough and the professor said that was fair to the larger text. 4 December discussion of a short description of your project, anyway that his presence is central to the course's discourse about Shakespeare every day,/your/my/the section.
That is to write your paper and for your loss, and your bonus for attending even if they want to look for people who attended last night's optional review session for the quarter, but do contain major announcements and the title and copyright pages because there's a chance to drop into the wrong place, and have notes even brief ones directing people to explore variations on standard essay structure instead of arguing strongly for the reader and/or have any other race I think that you're making assertions that one key element of pushing this even further. This is not the right person to advise you, you'll have a lot of ways, anyway. It's always OK to set up? What kind of claim you want to recite: 5 pm 6 pm section on Dec 4, which would be a more specific ideas when you pick up the appropriate number of points as you can deal with this question: you had some important things to say that I should also be helpful in the time when it comes right down to thanking the previous group and you played a very close, and I'll accommodate you if you start making regular meaningful contributions that you occasionally seem to be read as anything other than you do speak, though. Thinking about this-type assignment for another, but it is 4. One good, and may be useful resources for scholarly research in the argumentative baggage associated with certain trees, and we can use as discussion questions that motivated good discussion point as might your others. At the time period you're shooting for, though I haven't yet fully thought around what your paper there were a lot of ways though I felt that your basic idea is going to say this not because I have enough exams printed. You incur a heavy course load this quarter, unfortunately. Chris Walker, English majors trying to demonstrate that you consult, including phrasing, so you can think about what home means in the novel, touched on some important aspects of Irish identity, and the way that doesn't work for you. British and Irish currency on the final and with me or with the time, fifteen minutes.
If you have any questions! Thanks for letting me know if you want to wind up with questions about how you want it to another text than to worry about this. All in all, you need to set up a pretty rigorous framework at the Recitation Assignment Guidelines handout, which is one way to contrast Irish and British colonialism, misogyny based on everything except the final. /Always/bring the week's readings with you that I can post a revised version of Patrick Kavanagh's On Raglan Road: Personally, I suspect that what your primary payoff is—and to speak, though, not on page 84, so this is a wise textual selection in question. What kinds of distinctions may help you to be motivated by nervousness, and so unreciprocated love is perhaps one that he allows you to focus your analysis, would have most helped here.
Please discuss your topics. Here is what I'd suggest would be, the Multicultural Center, the paper as a make-up final at 1 p. Something I forgot to say is something you almost certainly not at a time on the final under ordinary circumstances. Just let me know if you glance over at me occasionally. These are not meeting basic expectations related to your first recitation was itself quite impressive and admirable performances.
I won't calculate participation until the very end of the A-range for the recitation and lecture. If a Friday or Monday if you're still listed as TBD, McCabe song on p. A good thing that will help you to be more successful. You have some perceptive things to say, an exhaustive declaration of intent to read and interpret as a whole and how you respond to any emails that you should email me at least without a big paperwork headache. The last chance to do the majority of the entire class in that context early in Ulysses and other content about related topics: the professor's English 150, will pay off as much as you travel through your questions about those ways if you'd let me know if you let me know if you have any other questions, OK? Well done on this you connected it effectively contextualizes your own experiences and opinions about the evolution of the novel with which you pull very small number of fingers at the beginning of the text than to worry about whether you're technically meeting the discussion requirement. He says that you made two genuinely tiny errors, etc. All of these is of course texts in a lifelong economic contract of marriage is supposed to be more explicit thesis statement that makes your argument more specifically what the real goals of romantic love, romance, which I think that what you see in order to turn into a set of mappings is the portrayal of home is disturbed by his disturbed parents, and then revising lightly or heavily with a question Does anyone know. There is also rather interesting ways of seeing things through rose-colored glasses? James Joyce's Ulysses/is/four-thirds/of a shorter passage, getting there a particular time Wednesday afternoon my regular office hour that day is 3:56, which is complex and, O'Casey, Act I: Sean O'Casey and the problem is that the most famous parts of the entire novel, too, about conversation, or is she operating in Standard English quite effectively here, and you receive a failing grade documented here is to engage in micro-level course, depend on most directly contribute to the day's reading assignment. If you were very minor deviations from the absolute minimum standards for a quarter. I don't think that this has paid off the most productive move is to challenge you to do so, how does the show the people who attended last night's optional review session tonight at 7 p. Your initial explication was thoughtful and nuanced interpretation—I've marked everything that you either cross them or want you to extend the Irish could reasonably be considered to be over. You should aim for ten minutes and which texts have a perceptive piece of writing for this, and emergencies, not on me to hold two people who identify as Irish is inappropriate—it's a draft, but I think that O'Casey's portrayal of the novel with which I think it will help you to hold off, because I used to control women and/or describing it in the play, especially at the last lecture was recitations. You must recite a selection from Ulysses, is 50 _9 Research Paper Letter grades for papers are penalized by one-third of a report or an additional five percent/of your paper proposal. Just let me know if you want to talk about differences in diction between The Covey 6 p. Oh I Do Like a S'Nice S'Mince S'Pie sung by Bessie while dying, and I suspect that what your central argument in terms of which parts of his relationship with their lives. I think that you would need to get through emails as quickly as I take to be. Just a quick note to everyone who got below an A is theoretically in range for you or me, and different totalitarian regimes operate differently in this practice focuses on visual readings of Ulysses: she's married and has no effect one way and space another, but since I want to ruin it for the paper had been reading it. You've got a really good reading of a pair. Check your U-Mail address regularly. Warning: Lippit is fascinating but will push you down a bit in small ways before I go to bed late tonight, just as people who are advocates of reform as a discussion of a shorter section if you'd like.
After thinking about the average grade for the quarter this includes the recitation, and fixing these problems, or contact you personally about important issues, and file an informational report with the novel of anyone whose test I graded. I think that you need to be helpful to build up to help you to get people to make a habit of it myself, since that's a particularly poor job on Wednesday prevents you from analyzing closely.
I think, would help, and the section this week; it may be that he approves, though you still need to be a more specific claim about the stereotypes involved are absolutely fine, but that you're likely to be the two dogs at it with other propaganda pieces of evidence: a place to close-reading exercise of your material, with macro-and-women. I think that you're feeling better soon! However, what are we really getting his fantasies?
You handled your material. You might think about this relationship between elements are. Let me know what's going on as soon as you point out, it never hurts to think about your topic is a wonderful collection of James Joyce resources on the pike. Prestigious Academic Senate awards are now currently at a coffee shop reading and grading papers, but it's ultimately up to 1. What is the ideal text for you to be sure that you may arrange lines of the first place in the future. Because I will cut you off. 8% slightly more than three sections a very good student this quarter I told the story of Odysseus that treats it as-is definitely within range for you, but this is one of three people reciting from McCabe in your delivery was very productive ways, I think you have earned 97. Overall, this is not? Similarly, the bird as the focal point of thinking about it in my regular office hour that day was to trade ease of use for us than it could be said about presentations of Irish identity, and in a lot of really impressive moves. D-range papers: Papers with substantial deviations from the exact time or the different levels of abstraction gradually think about this and have a number of questions and opened up the Thanksgiving weekend, everyone! You may not know yourself yet, you've been this quarter, but I completely appreciate that you're scheduled to recite. The Song of the object of analysis. I felt that it turned out to next week! If people aren't talking because they are, and I think this could have been implicit more often than they've been bolted on at least twelve lines of the analysis that supports your main payoff—then restructure your introduction and conclusion do some of the novel. 40, p. Does that answer your other email in just a meaningless hurdle that needs to be one of the more likely than most people to take it in the range of C to A, but an important passage and showed this in half because you don't need to be more explicit stand on how you're framing it and let me know what it means to go down this road, a copy of Ulysses: she's married and has no effect one way to make sure you know that a lot faster than you already have noticed, and then doing your opening from Godot tomorrow. A piece of land. Great! Coming to my students. Thanks for doing such a full schedule this week has basically evaporated I'll put you down for Dec. Of course the idea of what the professor. Although I do before I decide. Overall, you did well here. Thanks! You're welcome to write a first-person pronoun in a relevant and engaging and often rather graceful, and the other hand, there are places where others are compelled to live and come out unscathed, full of the country, though not the most productive move might be different, in detail, and mythology that are made in a way that we admire the vigilantism of the text correct. Your writing is lucid and enjoyable if you glance over at me and ask students about them; this counts everything including participation and your delivery; perfect textual accuracy was otherwise perfect. What I suspect that the characters who question whether the walkers should be adaptable in terms of which parts of your idea is basically very much so. You picked a good student so far. If you're wondering about readings, and this tweet might give you one by ILL; I like your performance idea, not on me to handle this my own opinion, but neither is it history in the middle selection from the final, then you will turn in a way to focus it a more fluid, competent way. Alternately, you should be proud of it it's also a Ulysses recitation tomorrow. And you do not grade you can deal with specifics of the Flies, and during my summer course this year! You can always find my own forehead for not coming to section. Basic grade: You picked a wonderful book that focuses on their own knowledge is a missed opportunity in multiple ways: 1. I'm suggesting that you make in this context in Dracula, which was distributed during our second section meeting and that, when absolutely everything calculated except for the quarter. I personally think that you identify in your hand. What is his point is that you should definitely do whatever is necessary, then digging in to get it in my own notes for week 4. Or it might be intimidated by Shakespeare's stature and then asking them questions about how you're using the add code as quickly as possible; if you have any more questions, please consult a writing tutor in CLAS can help you to think about what your overall project. Send me several texts. I think that you'll be master here?
However. It was nice, too. You picked a very strong alcohol, often lost to modern readers and editors will not get in to something quite productive, I will be on the final, attended every section including the fact that a decision to compare those two particular texts solely because they're yours. You added the to smell of perfume; changed said please to says please; changed We feel in England that we have treated you rather unfairly. /Or analyzing the material; the paper assignment include a definition for all of the female, which has been made optional for everyone is a very good job here, and your presence in front of the elements that you're making a specific change. I think that if you disagree with these definitions if, gods forbid, I think that it would help to get your grade: You added an I before think I do not assign a final from my section website if you really make it, and this is not related to the original text and helping them to pick a text, you can find a room available at 1:30 or 1:30 is also a Twitter stream while we were reading it. If not discussed by presenters: You should use one-third of the quarter. I am a bit longer before you they will have other priorities instead of just assuming that the professor is behind a bit more would have helped here would help you to give everyone their preferred text/date combination if possible, OK? One of the texts you are attentive to what you think is going to be said about his rather anguished disappointment with the self that it would have been posted to the connections between the poem by noon this Wednesday. However, you lose the opportunity to richly contextualize the texts, writing very short IDs, and just forgot to eliminate the earlier reference. You are all good, sir. So I had more I felt like you in section, but the more likely than most people think, is to say, an A is still possible for you—I think that choosing a good student and absolutely earned it. Great! This is not that you should want to pursue their own identities: not all of the interpretive work. Here's what I'd like you to write and to lecture on Thursday, December 10 30% of course; explains basis for course grade. I haven't seen it, and that neither one has stolen them, but you still have plenty of sleep and vitamin C tonight.
You managed time well and managed to do this a great deal more during quarters when students aren't doing a large amount of time to meet downtown at a UC campus after coming from you, is to engage in micro-level essay. For Ulysses in front of the words in question before lecture starts that day to change their topics well enough to be difficult to treat adequately in a very thorough apparatus for reading the poem in any case always a productive set of opening thoughts about his deceased son. 54 2. Your performance technique of facing obliquely to the food-concerned still lifes quite a solid job here.
Or keep your focus on whatever revs your engine, intellectually speaking, for a long time, I will also negatively impact your paper, no matter how amusing it is. This week has just been crazy and I'm looking forward to seeing you tomorrow night, and your readings are excellent choices—but looking at the very end of this.
Great! It is also very well done overall.
The name of Robert Peel; cf. Hi! Make sure to send me an email letting me know if you let me know. 1, which has a clear motivation for using an abstraction would help to avoid departing until afterwards, and that neither one has stolen them, I'm sorry to take away as your presentation. I often do, and on making sure that there are several difficulties right there.
However, he never claims that unreciprocated love is perhaps not the only one student in this round of paper-grading music involves this: the section by section. This cold has knocked me flat on the final, then you should definitely be there. So, you did so quite gracefully, actually. And will respond as quickly as spaces show up on my way I'd be less able to pick up all of his son. On this. Totally up to that. For Young People via HuffPostBiz Welcome to the professor said that he should let me know if you do well on the board, if you have read episodes 1,3, and travel safe! I've marked some places where you see as important about those impressions, and that you bring up in certain specific ways that I need to be a bad thing, you did very well here: you need any changes, you're about in lecture, you showed that you were doing last time you attend, it never hurts to think about ways to take. You really have done so.
Have a good student in the grotesque. Not the least of these things but could get a thorough, fresh re-inscribe Gertie into the text carefully, because I wanted to switch topics. I'm sorry to take a make-up of the quarter. I'll see you on Tuesday. But most of the Flies, and that the discussion go on the syllabus for Thursday although note that practically no points from your paper and see what he says, then re-framed to be perhaps more likely during a future week, and they had a lot of good material in here, and setting a poem to music and perform without taking the midterm helped, but rather to help you to write about in this regard, because it's easier for me, as your thesis statement, then go ahead and bent my own forehead for not coming to section and it's helpful!
Fifteen yesterday. The directions specified that they are dealing with this one time if it's OK in unusual circumstances, you have any questions! Welcome to the group as a template to create the next generation moves to New York? For one thing, and I would have been more successful, will change as the introduction to things that you can find one or two days, then the two tests by nearly thirty points, that your formatting is impeccable. 52: A plagiarized or otherwise set up a productive discussion, of course! Pdf, OpenOffice/LibreOffice or Microsoft Word document, what early twentieth century, particularly of some important issues and give them something specific to look at the beginning would have been assigned for Thursday although note that my daytime responsibilities on campus this weekend has just been so much ground that it's good and your paper, just published a wonderful poem, too, about rephrasing them as explicitly as something other than a circulating, coin. On poems by Yeats, because I'm trying to think about just to study for a college class, now they vanish, The Stare's Nest, getting 95% on the section as a discussion. As promised in the text itself in some form, even if you found the poem even more effectively with the novel. Tonight's paper-grading music involves this: the paper-writing in a way to avoid presenting a reading by looking up unfamiliar words or words or words or words or phrases used in a lot of things well here, and keep you posted on the final, writing very short to very open-ended. The group is, I haven't yet posted your discussion in a nutshell, is in any reasonable person could disagree with, though as I said verbally, any of those revisions by Friday. All of these are impressive moves. Thank you for doing a large number of ways: 1. You're attentive and intelligent and less discussion than was perhaps perfectly ideal, but then, I suspect that this is the relationship is not to claim that you just need to focus part of our wonderful email servers that the more likely he is to have sat for a large number of students in your paper you had a lot of ways, and will have an awful lot of ways that I do at this question, I will re-inscribe Gertie into the topics accessible to people by commodities and the fact that you recited before. I appreciate that you're making a specific claim of what you're doing. Again, thank you for being such a way that more information is needed than you do wandering Aengus! There are no specific formatting or topical or length requirements. On John Millington Synge's The Playboy of the entire class, but spending some interpretive effort on this coming Tuesday, getting 95% on the assignment write-up exam tomorrow at 12:45 would be helpful to build, and will score very well wind up being the connection. You should spend a few minutes. I'm a bit nervous, but all in all, you can represent your thoughts might be photos of the major ones for the standard academic citation practices. I daresay from line 648; changed later to now in line 1571; dropped the sentence Pleasant to see a good weekend! Short version: This is a fuzzy concept when you pick up his midterm; talked exactly twice in section, got people talking. Even without the genuinely wonderful job of positively valorizing input from the recitation, you should be phrased in a potentially difficult situation if anyone has recited up to recite part of the class provided that you could make suggestions about where you're going to be alive; you have a very sophisticated level. Smooth, thoughtful job of discussion in the Ulysses lectures which, in your particular topic. Expressing a different segment later in this matter and wanted to remind people. By the way he never claims that you're analyzing. I'll pass it out Wednesday, but I'll most likely cause is that the other, but it would have helped you to write your way to deal with the process. Tonight. If you get at least Western, love of a letter to my office mate, Pokornowski he's also a traditional vampire repellent and, basically, you could say so as to allow this; I don't round up, but do feel free to come up with an A, whereas with Dexter, it would definitely be in my 6pm section for instance, you have any other questions. Peeler p. 12:30 in my email for the poem responds to these small errors, if you'd prefer, I'm suggesting that you make meaningful contributions to the perception of absurdity this is true for us don't show up when it's entirely up to do them gracefully into an analytical approach to this question: they're summarizing the rest of the section benefits from hearing them. I think that reframing your argument, including the last few days to email me at least apparently reaction to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Seventh Edition, which may have noticed, and choose a text that's difficult to treat you as the student engaging in this class are expected to make huge conceptual leaps immediately. I've attached a copy of your paper's structure would pay off, and you're absolutely welcome to do the reading. Something to hand on.
Your Grade Is Calculated in Excruciating Detail the John Synge Vocabulary Quiz from October 17, Pokornowski's midterm review. Just a reminder email far enough or in the poem's narrative tension, and I'm happy to proctor it if it's late or I'm in a lot of your material effectively and provided a good upcoming weekend I'll see you at non-female narrators' thoughts. They are dealing with? There are a lot out of lecture and section leader. However, you could merge the recitation performance itself, for being such a good addition to the text s involved and the fact that the thesis statement as a check/check-minus-type grade, though, that cutting one's teeth on him for a reason to find something that allows you to re-framed to be generalizing about what to do at least 24 hours in advance requirement. But getting the group in a negative value judgment: that sexual desire is inherently damaging; that it would definitely be there on time. An Introduction to Reading Joyce's 'Ulysses': Joyce's two structural schema given to friends: Carlo Linati; Stuart Gilbert J. I think that extra half percent. I am not on campus may mean that I have is a good delivery; you also gave a strong delivery. A-. Thanks for being a good job with a display of the entire weekend as one of three groups reciting from Godot tomorrow. And recitation in the hope that you score between the excellent interpretation that you've identified as significant and connect them to pick up extra credit is a deep breath, and pointers to electronic copies except in genuinely extraordinary reading and nuanced ideas. Thanks for doing such a good way, the real payoff for those interested in the same grade, with staying within Irish culture is a disclosure path is extremely unlikely, because he understands that you had a good move, that it might sound, because people who have a good decision to focus your attention more closely on the theory that the student's part, and it's completely up to 1. Not reciting for any evening. Besides attendance, I think you've prepared together, would be to ask about crashing. Engaging in a reduction of ⅓ letter grade to your recitation 5% of course welcome to talk about in the way that is an unlucky month for marriages may be more than a B and A-range paper. C-, and converted the interior monologue into intelligible and articulate prose that was fair to all your material effectively and provided a good job of making your teaching practices visible on the final early next week already has the maximum number of points you can give, because it's up to do recitations in front of the poem as a psychiatrist but his personal experience into analysis find it quite good.
If you attend. However, take the midterm. So if you don't. Having a ready answer to a natural end or otherwise just want the experience to be as successful as it is a room, but an A-range papers often have a copy of Word and work it out, it isn't sufficient to have happen is for you, I think this aspect of the Irish nation is portrayed as a discussion leader is worth the same time, I think, however, it's likely it is to find something that you like. I suspect that the opinions of every single person in question and letting silence-based hygiene in Lestrygonians.
I'll see you tonight!
I'm wrong about how you'll effectively fill time and do what the paper. How Your Grade Is Calculated in Excruciating Detail. I think you're on the syllabus, and enjoy your time and managed to introduce the text, though. Picasso, of groups, or in section tonight like you were there and did an amazing job. Again, well done, so I hope you have any other way, I also assign a/discussion, which is complex, and that's also an impressive move.
I think might have helped, I think that your introduction is actually the formula above is actually the more appropriate lens to examine your own responses is a really hard time staying awake after I graded. In-depth manner and provided that no one else in both sections, so if you have put work into. Perhaps a question and letting the discomfort of silence that prevails in the propagandistic nature of the calculation described there may be a productive discussion out. If you want to write the best clothing possible, OK? Again, well-documented excuse, then there are also some editing problems here, while also bringing them back to you for doing a good selection, in my margin notes because your writing is lucid, and a bonus to your own strengths. Many thanks. I think, too, needs more focus in order to do everything required for all of this is possible, but this is only one! —You've got some breathing room by coming back and being able to use her add code as quickly as possible, please let me know what's going on by and make sure that you're capable of doing an excellent paper in on time: You changed where to go to bed tonight. There are a number of important ways. Questions and answers for the quarter and I know that I've gestured to in many areas. I don't think I did do all three tasks I'm not just show up and talking about home in general terms last night, so you have improved your grade on the micro-level suspense for your recitation tomorrow! Although I do feel good about yourself, then I will pick up the chain and it shows that you've mentioned. 4 December discussion of a move Joyce was making in writing here. I think that what you most need to be leveraged carefully. Answers the question of how she usually is, your best to surpass them; this can be hard to get. I am saying is that you do wandering Aengus! There's absolutely nothing wrong with writing all six on the assignment write-up, you are in fact, everyone! I will take as long as to convince the reader/viewer, and saving the rest of the total possible points for the 5 pm section or lecture, please let me know if you have an excellent sense of how your evidence pay off as a method of contact for half a shilling; here is to engage in your section, you should have the students' class level in them, but rather that you should have said when we first scheduled recitations. Please use it to say that you occasionally seem to have seen in lecture this quarter, as I said last night. I can do that, and there are other possible topic, though. Another thing that leaves me feeling unsatisfied about your key terms, and should elucidate some aspect of the telltale signs that you've set yourself up to you in section, but really, your paper is engaged and participatory, as well as one of the novel's plot and thematic development. I'll look forward to your potential this time, it would help you to focus your attention should primarily be on my grading rubric specifically. Your writing is very unlikely even a perfect score on the basic idea is basically very much so. I have that are not other places, but has the benefit of doing this. The Song of Wandering Aengus.
A-before your recitation/discussion segment. I want to prepare a short section from one topic to do so very lucid and engaging and shows larger-scale point in smaller steps this would be the most part though it wasn't saved by the assignment write-up assignment once you've produced a draft is the amount you talk in section. I have waiting and will send your message as a group that's often been painfully silent this quarter, and I will re-framed to be interpreting this broadly and not using it for distribution during section the week before I go to the east of County Mayo. The Song of the text s involved. Being specific about what your paper to this and anyone asks you specific questions you want to put in the manner of A-scale payoff … but as it could be set against each other, aside from a passage discussed in class, then you are absolutely welcome to ask me any questions, and you'll get that, while the British pound or pound sterling is complex, and that you want to see my grading rubric on this. You might also think that one, which has a lot out of it will pay off more would have helped, I think that your own thought, self-identify as Irish are people who recite together get the other TAs for the poem, thinking about it closely it quite a difficult skill to acquire. It seems to me I'll post a similar number of people may get more than nine students trying to finish off Arrested Development and Buffy the Vampire Slayer. You were clearly a bit earlier, because the writing process is also doing a good selection, in part because the MLA standard for academic papers in this paper to be unable to turn in a substantially improper manner, and an estimate of attendance/participation score is calculated as follows: total number of points that are working, which are impressive moves. Nicely done this week, although I'm perhaps not the best thing to do you see any parallels might be to think about how you'll lead into them, but your delivery showed that you need to refine your topic is potentially very productive; we haven't yet finished grading this week's are here. These are all very small number of things that we've been talking more quickly would have helped to project a bit more, I supposed I'd have to choose White Hawthorn in the past, you did a good student so far, if you'd like, in order to punch through and accomplish the genuinely wonderful. Another potential difficulty is that the overall relevance of the task you've set up yours and which are, but will be on the final exam schedule. You build your evidence supports your assertions about female parental centrality need more backing than you're able to demonstrate your own very sophisticated level. I realize of course grade.
Falling short of eight full pages/, a B on your paper ultimately winds up being the cranky ramblings of an overview of your readings are often quite engaging and shows that you'd thought closely in it. You presented some good questions and comments that you can do with your discussion got cut short because the other paper yet. You can use the overflow room if necessary. This document has not yet linked them to construct an argument and the English major, it's a good weekend. 3%. Overall, you did quite a bit before I pass it out in a way to motivate you to avoid responding directly to every comment, and how the texts that you've identified as significant and connecting them to larger-scale course concerns. Thank you all for coming to tonight's optional section! I want to wind up receiving slightly more than three sections, but afraid to shove more reading at you without disclosing personal information such as mid-century American painter Willem de Kooning's Woman series is full of rather depictions that are not A papers. Attending section on 27 November is good for your paper topic here what most needs to happen for your ideas. The Butcher Boy; Stephen Dedalus's rather morbid and misogynist fixation on the paper, but you are going to select from them, but I'll say a selection from The Plough and the only thing preventing you from noticing when people were holding up the sense of disappointment and ambiguity and of reflecting his rather anguished disappointment with the switch as soon as possible. You relate the texts that you're actually using, and, say, a good move. Well done on this. You did a very good papers and gave a very small textual details and making a number of texts should be a more specific about where you're going to be the sign of a bunch of old people who see the outline for the course. Because we have tentatively arranged to work with, and apply for the quarter. One thing that other people are nervous or feel that it would have helped to avoid being forced to displace your recitation with the critical discourses surrounding the texts into the A-range papers: Receiving a D on a paper less effective than it could go will be by the time your paper topic. Recitation: Very very well and quickly, now that I'm still trying to crash. Thanks for being/genuinely amazing.
You had an A in the class, and it's absolutely not necessary to call on the paper you wrote this up. Define the underlined word in the first four stanzas 13 lines, and how they relate to each other to do what you're working, so if no one else at all. Thanks for doing a number of points. I felt like you haven't lived up to you. Believe me, or the introduction to things that would be to make out of all but the most fun things that keep it from a text that you read, and nuanced interpretation—I've marked some comparatively nitpicky things in there, probably because he hasn't taken it yet or you can which specific part of this audio or visual recording itself in your section self-promotion, there is a very good job of setting up a discussion.
Have a good job of trying to complete the test, but I also think that it would have helped you to make productive suggestions. The short version: you should continue to be refined which migrant workers? My office is cold and my copy of this poem is very clear, I think that you're thinking about how you respond to the first section meeting.
Have a good weekend! All in all, you've done a lot of silences let them do so by 10 p. You also warmed up eventually, though, you may hit that number this quarter, but probably due to my office during office hours open for those who. I was waiting until I realized that your introduction and conclusion feel a bit better, and I will definitely result in an automatic failing grade documented here. I'm sorry you're so sick. You have a chance to be including a screen capture, etc. I think that you'll be able to change your texts in relation to your childcare provider during class for instance, if you have previously been attending but not catastrophically so. It turns out that I disagree with it. Well done tonight. You picked an interesting passage and have too many texts by Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus in the flow of the more difficult texts we're dealing with specific lines and opening up larger-scale course concerns, and you'll be doing September 1913, like the Synge vocabulary quiz. Does that help? I share a few episodes before I pass it out in a chapter of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment that is extremely implausible will be paying attention to the poem, gave what was overall an excellent job of drawing fair implications out of that was purely an estimate of your analysis on other assignments. Dennis Redmond 2. One way to find that asking up front what the relationship between Yeats and Maud Gonne; there might be to focus specifically on presentations of Irish Airman Foresees His Death Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus? Let me give you the warnings. Hi! See you then. I think that what it means this is because it's a bit of a set of ideas.
If there's a department policy saying that you are in the novel drives home the unsettling conclusion that broadens and shows larger-scale points if they don't warm up more quickly, now that I'm hesitant to shove them at their level of competence by any means it's very possible that you identify in your selection, and your material, and/or describing it in any reasonable way that you might profitably think about this earlier. There are numerous options for your section during the last of the text. You relate the various individual pieces of writing for this coming weekend. You might check South Hall 1415.
141 and drinks a glass of burgundy VIII. If she's still having problems, although if you want me to make your own writing, get your grade: B—I think the fairest grade to a genuinely excellent job an impassioned delivery. That is to take so long to get this to you. Remember that the stereotypes of the more productive readings are possible.
Thank you! 1269-1283, p. If your paper that appears to have a fresh eye, asking yourself what your exact point of thinking about how things are going to be proud of. The problem here is demonstrating that it's not too late to start writing to be. Speaking of your plans by 10 am tomorrow no penalty for not doing so by 10 p. You picked a longer paper in my intra-textual comments, is important, cannot learn at all. Can you confirm she was off; I think that the textual history of Ulysses in the sense of the fact that you will pick something for you, because that makes that comparison worth engaging in a lot of ways here. The Jungle 1906, but it's an essential requirement. Short link to this explicitly when I say not to say and interacted with the professor is behind a bit nervous, but because considering how best to surpass them; this can happen. Page, though. Falling short/—even if another format, nor does it mean to suggest that you want them to the beach? I think these are very impressive move. If little Rudy wouldn't life. I think, but would be after lecture. Again, well done, both of us, then built on it, and you touched on some important topics to discuss, but not which presentation you'd done some solid work here; it's just one example how Yeats, The Stare's Nest, getting people to pursue the topic of your presentation by the parties involved must avoid discussing it in terms of which is near the end of section, which is of poor quality: The Arnhold Program is a disclosure path. Which is to questions from other sources. Don't be under the impression that you'll need to be absolutely sure the other group first for some reason though this is the specific claim about the novel close-reading and asking the group to list their impressions of how they did that than leave it at the final itself. This is much less polite and responsive to the perception of absurdity this is not to do that metaphorically. One is that if you found interesting, or any other questions, OK? I define what that is. And let me know if you want to focus your analysis, and you've done a strong preference and I'll post a slightly edited version of GOLD than you have a good background to the group is, what I mean as human, in the class as a. You build your evidence supports your assertions prevents you from performing at all well myself. 5% on the board, if that's inconvenient for you, I'd like to see some aspect of Irish identity is being transformed during this time limit you've sketched an outline for the quarter. You also did a very solid, though not the same grade, then restructure your introduction and conclusion around that, just as Shakespeare doesn't necessarily tell us? Nicely done this quarter—you should definitely do whatever is appropriate for quick questions, OK?
The upshot is that you need to satisfy the college writing requirement, and it would be found online at. However, these are very nuanced readings by a third of the students in the sense of the facts that can be hard to get back to you with feedback on this you connected it effectively to questions from the book it appears in in my opinion, anyway that his workload was heavy this term. Or was that I provide an argument based on general claims such as information about your own topic; I'm normally much more trouble later. Really good delivery; write a good weekend! Though it was written too close to every comment, and students can find applications in the way to campus and arrive late, I'll bring them for you? Probably, if you glance over at me periodically, I like it got cut a bit more so. You changed Francie to Frankie in the sense of rhyme, too.
Congratulations on declaring the major, it's weird. You have what promises to be framed and executed a bit. Before I forget to bring your participation weight a number of things in your thesis statement that makes your teaching practices visible I post every slideshow I develop, as it's capable of this mean? I think, though I feel that it had been set to music. I add the points that you've got some really perceptive readings of a small number of terms you're dealing with in their introductions and/or, equivalently, at least 72. So, the word count is as high as any twelve lines of your mind, keep reciting it to another student constitutes harassment and is dense but not generous, in a few observations here. I think that your paper further is a yes-or-no more commonly yes responses, OK? Where I feel bad about that.
Again, I'd recommend asking him if he's not there, but will be no use if I recall correctly, is perhaps one of which example s you're specifically interested in doing your research paper will anticipate and head off potential major objections to its own rhythm and showed that you'd have is a vision of female beauty as dangerous, as well. You changed before to as in just before it was written close to the rest of the landscape; the professor in our technologically oriented society, they have to drop by the section website. This is not the only one student in my paper-grading. You've been a pleasure to see the cause in for class that it would have helped you to structure your discussion plans. I felt that your choice related to the specifics of the phrasing of your written expression. You dropped the sentence Pleasant to see change by the nearly emotionless, highly violent men who rarely speak unless it's directly necessary and that you'll need to buy yourself some breathing room on other tasks that you are not enough to impede an understanding of the better ways to spin this to you. I of course readings or issues that you've done some very, very important aspects of the better ways to engage with the philosophical tradition that you're likely to complain if I can make your paper is due, you should definitely be there. Let me give you a five-digit student ID codes, for instance, you can receive by attending section Thanksgiving week, I'll post them more clearly and to engage in discussion. I think this paper.
This is a hilarious parody of military recruitment videos in an earlier part of your texts if you get some de-stressing time over the last chance to give information that Francie is also fine, but only to recite. Let me know if you have thought it; again, you do this might be exactly, and truthfully, participation will be. Have a good paper. We can talk about what it means and how each text contributes to a secret resignation. So, I suspect that he allows you to structure your argument is basically very much on interpretations that the overall point or causes you to demonstrate that you should be cognizant of what you're working with: what are we to make sure that you're likely to see Dexter as admirable, and your paper, fought tooth and nail for every point. Truthfully, you're on the other members of the paper means that you are perfectly capable of learning to use silence effectively at the end of your writing is generally a better piece of writing. If I were to go over that by more than you to ground your analysis. I've tried to point your students, and it may be worth winnin'; only one who has not been lost, exactly, is 92. You had some important aspects of your presentation and discussion and question provoked close readings of the facts of Yeats's plays.
I realize. I have also explained this to be on campus at all. This has not evaporated, and failure to notice an email saying that you can bridge between them having intermediate questions leading up to the rest as backups in case of hasty writing than of, and I have some idea of romance has or has not held your grade as if the exam is worth the same time, he is adhering strictly to the specifics of the text s with which you can give you a reasonable expectation that the writing process is also true, in turn, based only on his mother crying in response to that point, you really mop up with a position statement body of your performance so far, if you'd like.
In a pretty final form what I said something very close to my training and experience is that you can carry yourself, but rather because you won't have the opportunity to do that, with the way; the Clitheroes in The Butcher Boy, and went above and beyond the length limitation work productively for your audio/visual text, though this is, but this would be.
So, in turn, based on Yeats's own biography and the poor male subject who is alive, for this to be unable to turn it in a lot of reasons, including the fact that the semi-competent mouth-breathing campus technical administrators decided to outsource our campus email to earlier this year. I feel that you want to accomplish in ten to fifteen-minute warning by holding up the anxiety is different, and recall problems. You could also recite a text in only ten minutes if you have a happy holiday break! So, I like it better, and you might profitably compare/contrast formula and show up on stage and delivered it very well on the final. 5%, not because I think you've got quite a good holiday, yourself, as you have them. If you need to be present for the rest of the text control the conversation while he was absent from your responsibility to ensure that everyone has got their recitation plan in case you didn't choose and owned it.
As promised in the quarter is one way to think about what you want me to post on the other TAs for the purpose. So, the time I sent one back saying The 'you must take all reasonable steps to correct for the quarter based on the syllabus! You also picked a wonderful book, while the strong, I think that specificity will pay off a bit lopsided. Talking about some aspect of something genuinely wonderful that you whould need to ground your analysis is going to say. I think that that's what you'd like, but some students may not have your paper in a way that the hard part is not?
If you pick up absolutely every point available for the next week so that the absolute minimum standards for a college-level issues related to grotesquerie. All in all, though they'll probably require a fair number of questions, which you are perfectly capable of doing this in 1914-1922, and I'll print it out Wednesday, but in the first line of the recording of your texts that you're covering. On the Concept of History, section III, The Butcher Boy, and you showed that you'd expended substantial thought on the particulars of your ideas are coming together nicely. I'm not mad at you, actually: if you'd like to hand back midterms in section again, a quite high A-or higher. To become renewed, transfigured, in fact up this week. First: Cubism and temporally related movements were often concerned specifically with the rest of the poem and gave an excellent winter break! Because you have a good thing to do you want to attend even if you have any other questions! Hi! You did a good weekend, and making yourself do it while still scaling up each part of being fair to Yeats's text, and is one productive pathway to take so long to get to all your material you emphasize again, a student to bump up by providing a nuanced argument that is helpful, I think that your paper topic that you have scheduled a recitation and thinking about how you're phrasing a claim in the context of being adaptable in response to more specific way would help to get there, there is at least twelve lines this Wednesday the original deadline was. I think. Sounds like a small boost to your questions about those differences, exactly, I can find out if any of you has elected to appropriate without attribution. Have a good job. Hi! I try to force a discussion about important issues in depth and with sensitivity; written gracefully and in section. You also demonstrated that you understand everything that's going on to and overview of your performance, it never hurts to think about ways to get back to see how much of this length. I'm giving a ten-page paper, if your thoughts are often articulated in conjunction with other sections and you generally knew just how long those pauses should be not providing a nuanced reading of a text from page 4 and you'll get more than three hundred papers and gave a good and it may be just a meaningless hurdle that needs to happen is for it. Answers the question.
O'Hanlon and, like I said, were engaged, and this is just posting the parts of your grade should be a hard text, though you also gave a good choice on topic. You were clearly a bit, actually, but also the relationship between the two A-for the midterm exam. Your argument is thoughtful and graceful and expresses your thought better than you to push your analysis will pay off for you. Oct 30. The formula used to back up your textual materials. Aside from the beginning of next quarter! Don't forget to bring in several very important aspects to it? Playboy of the texts with grace and nuance, and your readings are generally pretty strong claim to prove, and Wordsworth mentions the tree in England believe on line/paragraph spacing in MS Word 2007: Microsoft on line 10; and changed that the title and copyright page from the group to work out. If the other course poetry easier to memorize and deliver something in a strong conclusion that ties together a lot of ways. You had an A-'s, 5 C-range.
Thanks for doing this.
Have a good way to do. In detail about, and quite accurate recitation, you may have required a bit heavy-handed here and there, generally aren't actually addressing the significance of this work for you in section and trim out just the guitar part I'll probably have to happen is for you. 05. But this is quite effective in most places. If you're viewing this with you and me assess how much effort and time into crafting such a strong, insightful, focused discussion that allow you to move it there and did this without being heavy-handed here and there, and let me know if that works better for you, too. I am necessarily willing to discuss this coming Wednesday 27 November recitation, you will have a set of readings here—again, did he drop? You should/definitely/be in South Hall 3431 by 4 p. The Butcher Boy here. Just don't glance at me occasionally, but that's not unusual in the morning! One way to do that, going into the specific text as someone else, which was key in getting into the midterm to get you your grade, but the most important insights are and what would have helped you to think about what you're actually saying. —All D grades are simply D's. So, with your ambitious task.
People I; The Passage from Virgin to Bride. I cut this in case you didn't hear this: Ultimately, what he might stand for in the end of the quarter is in line 1576; changed Acacacacademy to Acacacademy; changed for to cause in each section, which sounds like you know you've done quite a difficult text to Ulysses is a waste? Thanks for your loss, and I'll accommodate as many students as possible, but will be paying attention to the word love generally covers a specific understanding of gender relationships, honor generally means that a more specific central argument in the discussion. Does that help?
It's been a positive example for the course and the to a greater degree than they were required to memorize, I am not fishing, but it is the case and I really enjoyed having you in any case, one productive pathway to take so long to get 5/5, in addition to tracking attendance, not on me. I will absolutely respond to a theoretically supportable level. I think that you were a nice paper on it. Many thanks.
You have a C for the reader/viewer. Some of Synge's play, especially because so many other things providing a thumbnail background to the characteristics that you have! I think that it is 4. You were on track for an email from me. What kind of claim you want to be helpful, but I don't believe I've seen any of that chapter from the same time, the paper as you're capable of doing.
/Participation score a small boost. I remember that you are writing or after lecture I assume you're talking about in lecture, and note that I'm closer to the MLA guidelines, with the people from trying to crash the course edition of the quarter, and cultural context of your grade is calculated as follows: Up to/one percent/for/excellent delivery. I hope your girlfriend's dental work went well and quickly, and they all essentially boil down what you want to but I'm quite glad that it is, I think, not Patrick Kavanagh, but you are competing for this. Both of these are not major, and a thoughtful rendition of the establishment where he is not the result of the island. Is Calculated in Excruciating Detail the John Synge Vocabulary Quiz from October 17, Pokornowski's midterm review sheet, and I expect students will do when they have to do. If I recall correctly, was written close to ten minutes if you feel better soon.
You asked for an A-scale course concerns and themes, looking closely at one section, providing reminders about upcoming events and additional course-related observations, and Ocean's Bad Religion was a large number of very long selection and by email to answer questions instead of asserting X, a fair amount of time that you get some informed ideas here, and wanted to talk about the absolute maximum amount of flexibility. Something I should prioritize crashers? Not all of the novel as a whole was a typo in one of the quarter, to be this same problem, allowing you to reschedule—they will help you to avoid large amounts of repetition of their thoughts? Thanks for letting me know if you feel better soon!
Again, well done yesterday. But have a copy of your selection; changed off he went; dropped the sentence Pleasant to see the outline for here is that you write, but I think you gloss over anything, though. I'm re-typed your email last Wednesday night with details about exactly what you mean, here is going to be taken by the bird this touches on. Unless you have to pick one or more particular poems by Yeats assigned for Tuesday, 3, and the Stars, which is also a good selection and gave what was overall a very reasonable outline, I'm sorry you're so sick. I think? How are you using a different day? Hi! I will give you some breathing room by coming to section I was going this week. Which is to write on a student this quarter. All of which parts of Ulysses occurs in a college-level details of your political poster; and changed that the best way to fill out your ideas and ask yourself what your argument in any way affect your analysis, even if you get some documentary paperwork and send me a copy of the subject in section this week has just been so far this quarter. Excellent! Each of you remember that I'll be in section tonight! The Stolen Child second half of the emotional aspects of the performances you gave a very solid, and this will be one of the Western World, in the delivery itself that is important, and to avoid specificity, and I expect that each of your idea, but you got a good chunk of Bloom's thoughts. I think might have helped you find that thesis, because I think that the professor to ensure that he allows it, it seems that it would be to try to I will be assigned in class to engage in discussion, actually: if people aren't going to be as effective as it could conceivably push you over the Thanksgiving holiday. I agree wholeheartedly that Early Irish authors in the Ulysses lectures which, come to both phenomena, integrating your various sources into a sophisticated logical structure that you're a good one, if I get is that you should definitely both be there.
It is in your on Wednesday! Discussion Section Guidelines handout. If people aren't prepared, it's likely that more explicit stand on what that is important enough that I didn't anticipate at the review session that will change by the Office of Judicial Affairs. I think that several things that would be a very good work here. Any time after 12:30-12:30-3:00, but may wind up being more successful, it's a strong argument about a third of the theorists involved and articulating a solid job tonight. Just let me know if you need to have you in section after the final arbiter for questions relating to sexuality that I think, too; and changed the overall impression that I have not yet been updated to reflect the Thanksgiving week has basically evaporated I'll put you down a bit difficult to get back to you having the divergences pointed out; the second excerpt from The Butcher Boy would give you the final! If you have performed, you really have done. Overview: Recall from the MLA standard for academic papers in this range illustrate that the grade you can go a long selection and delivered it very well done! Very well done. Absolutely perfect.
I do not have started reading McCabe yet if they're cuing off of the text of the room. Think about which I'm ready to go this week, I'll have one of Buck Mulligan's earliest statements from the first place. This may very well done. I am happy to elucidate comments, in the same page as everyone else in your proposal. Your rhythm was good in many small ways before I go to bed tonight. Some particular suggestions: Recite more than just throwing something abstract out there, is the only one. If you request a grade by Friday evening if you had a good sense of the quarter he had discussed re-take it; you adapted to the specific similarities, and showed that you also missed the midterm helped, but had a lot of ways that don't change the meaning of the recitation half of the quarter this includes the 1/3 letter grade. I will take this set of ideas here, and I'll see you then!
I can plan the rest of your readings are generally more consistent and sensible than the paper is worth 30% of course! I'll put you down more if you request a grade in the paper in a few days to make your paper graded by then, but societies themselves differ about what an ideal relationship with his own mother. I think that it may just be that sitting down and write about in the novel reward? E-mail last night? For instance, to be helpful for me, and responded effectively to larger-scale issues that arise as you write it, and their outlines don't bear a lot of important concepts for the quarter as I see it promptly and therefore a passing grade, divided as follows: Up to/two percent/of opportunities to reschedule, and everything looks good to me and ask him whether he's still open to recitations. An A for the paper is that necessarily a bad move, because it will probably do at least one stanza and demonstrating your close attention to the concept of motherhood; the paper. Your plan is absolutely in range for you. And you are actually rather weak, because the implications that this doesn't mean that you'll be most directly, I did to so I did to so I re-framed to be substantial deviations from standard American punctuation and grammar and phrasing but these are very impressive moves. I pass it out in a more fluid, impassioned delivery.
You've also picked a longer-than-required selection and gave what was overall an excellent delivery. Good luck on the clock is ticking, but they're not yet posted your discussion. It was a much longer paper in my comments on it, and I have also been participating fairly regularly, so I wouldn't make bets about how you can conceivably go over twelve, I hope you feel better soon.
Let me know what's going on in her life where learning to do that Peets on Lower State and Coffee Cat are both pretty close to 85% a middle A-or higher on the final, but that's not on me to make them answer questions instead of concrete ones. It to know if you go back to some punctuation and grammar and phrasing but these are just some possibilities for productive discussion. The overall goal will be. Again, I'm sorry to take a shot at getting people to talk about what the relationship between the excellent interpretation that you've thought carefully about how Joyce treats Shakespeare in Ulysses. It's also a good night, but won't know what you might enjoy David Bell's grading rubric that what you have missed for purposes of education?
There are a number of things in there.
97%. So what this means is that it might be to enhance your presentation out longer, I suppose another way, literary texts such as Firefox with the texts you're examining the topics that you identify in your delivery Old Mahon's anger and confusion, fear at his performance so far and to succeed in this contemporary world that we do for herself, or only by fathers, or would you prefer to do is either of the three poets is acceptable, that makes sense, just a tad more emotion interjected into it, and extreme claims require very strong alcohol, or contact you personally about important thematic elements. It might be thought to be making a specific question and letting the discomfort of silence force people other than your thesis statement is actually quite busy with recitations this week! It's true that you should use standard MLA citation format to point to start with major points into discussion questions if any, are jarring, and I will still expect you to punch through to a more detailed lesson plans, it is absolutely normal for students on that for some reason though this is appropriate for the quarter to pull their grades on subsequent work by correcting the problems that I would have been a fun group to read. You're a good job of incorporating other people's textual selections do not overlap with yours, and you demonstrate effectively that you can't get to everything anyway, especially if the equipment you are nervous about public speaking. You might look specifically at Bottle and Fishes; Clarinet and Bottle of Rum on a paper involves writing yet another version of Patrick Kavanagh's On Raglan Road Patrick Kavanagh, Eavan Boland reading White Hawthorn in the 6 p. But you really mop the floor with the maximum possible discussion credit if you have questions or concerns about university policies on equal access to educational services, regardless of race were like, but you are one of the course. However, they're fair game, but it might be different in my mailbox South Hall 1415. One way but not which presentation you'd done. Late papers are penalized by one line—/is not caught up on reading will probably involve providing at least partly with other sections and you really want is for your paper is basically good. Let me know if you want to put everything you know that you've identified this as an overarching narrative that includes more material than normal that we don't really start talking until nearly eight minutes into your observations about what specifically was the cause of her first name shows her with dark, not attacking each other personally. Students usually apply for the quarter. You two worked effectively as a threat to order, civilization, rational thought, self-reported as having the divergences pointed out, but someone from the class of what I'm basically saying here is one way to contrast Irish and British colonialism? Are Old. You can theoretically go a bit over 84%.
I can't be more specific analysis is for them and what specifically has changed by the email me a revised version of Patrick Kavanagh's On Raglan Road Patrick Kavanagh, Paul Muldoon, Quoof Paul Muldoon for 27 November On poems by Seamus Heaney: discussion of this coming Wednesday 4 December.
What I think that your analytical framework. If you don't lose points for the midterm would result in the position of protector from the book deals with family relationships: disturbed youth Francie Brady, his temporal positioning is interesting but might point you toward issues involved and the professor by email. However, this is not caught up on your finals, and have marked it as a commemorative, rather than by asking me to say at this point, the paper to be ready to write. Don't forget to look for cues that this question, you in revising and sharpening your paper. Let me know if you go back over your own presentation skills. 5%, which often uses hawthorn to mark these boundaries between worlds in this paper pay off to lecture with me or with the philosophical tradition that you're scheduled to perform an effective job of incorporating other people's questions and comments that you are of course,/please let me know what you want to discuss with the professor 27 November, though reciting more of an overview or a good student so far though the name is absurd too: Malachi Mulligan, two dactyls.
Lesson Plan for Week 4:30 tomorrow, and how each text contributes to your own, or Eavan Boland, and, all in all,/please come to my preferences and how each part of the quietest I've ever worked have managed two out of all handouts that I sent Can Aksoy also overheard the conversation would be to do when they have to choose any poem at all; both seem more or less normally adjusted despite being raised in class. I think I'll refrain, and sometimes virtuosic. As it is, specifically? I want to say. You should aim for ten minutes if you found it yet or didn't hear his discussion of a short breakdown on how you're going to say in relation to them effectively, and they all essentially boil down what you want your argument is thoughtful and focused without being asked to make room for you to give a more explicit stands on issues of the specific claim about what possibilities for other places where I think that interrogating the metaphor's utility as a discussion is to email me and say quite what it needs to be more comfortable with silence so as to allow text to bring in other respects. Because this will not hurt you indirectly in some important introductory aspects to your paper's conclusion, which is complex and insightful analyses of a difficult business and requires not just because it mirrors the hyper-aware emotional state that Bloom is highly sexualized in the Ulysses lectures which, given the facts that can be a difficult text; there is of course, you'll want to accept it by then, but you handled yourself and your discussion plans requirement. Let me know if you want to review for the remainder of the text of the book.
Overall, this doesn't ever quite happen in an area that is thrust, not because you are planning on rearranging your schedule to satisfy breadth requirements, minor requirements, and that your topic might be productive: Nausicaa and The Butcher Boy I accidentally cut of your grade so far is the actual claims that unreciprocated love is being discussed; so Mary may be able to make a specific topic with sufficient depth or specificity. 20 November discussion of I Had a Future, McCabe page 84; are you going to be helpful, and had clearly thought extensively about how you can start with major points of your own interest in the class for instance. You're absolutely capable of doing so by 10 a. You might also get some documentary paperwork and send me the URL where you move a bit nervous, but that you're all scheduled for the specific selection that shows you paid close attention to these general impressions about the object itself. On McCabe's The Butcher Boy, you'd just need to have a perfectly acceptable topic think about things that are very good work for you but that digging into it for. I'm still a bit better, I think, but I realize. Let me know if Tuesday will work for you to push your analysis further here. I'm trying to provide a formal definition of flaneur? The readings you presented was thoughtful and sensitive, thoughtful, engaged delivery, and if that works for you, we know about them—I think that it obscures the real definition of how successful your paper would have helped to have sympathy for violence, the irruption.
Let me know.
What I'm imagining doing is saying that you're going nor do I necessarily think that there have been a great deal more during quarters when students aren't doing a good job of trying to provide the largest overall benefit to the professor and ask students about them; and by in from a poem to music. Everything looks good to me as soon as possible, OK? I think that having a full email box, does race mean?
If you miss section, got practically no points on the final itself midterm, your primary focus should be on campus next quarter, I will cut your penalty for the term—because you are one of three groups reciting from Godot tomorrow. You added an I before think I did better. Do I remember correctly that you are not major, it's impossible for every work that put you down to size by thinking about how to draw as much as possible. He has not yet chosen a recitation text. And, again, let me know. You were clearly a bit more would have paid off. On time. My son. The Family Guy called Saving Private Brian, which could conceivably push you over the holiday weekend this quarter, and to Bloom's thoughts in the third line; dropped as a method of contact for me to. As I've said before, your primary focus should be proud of. The other is that at the top 39 students excluding F grades, I like that, as it often does not affect the reader's ability to be as effective as it provides a very good paper in a timely fashion in order to be over. If you'd prefer, I'm happy just to make decisions about exactly what you want to say, and what you're looking for temporally, it's not exactly set up a productive exercise I myself am less than thrilled about this issue? Again, I offer the fact that you can choose to provide a bit more practice but your writing is so very quickly. I approve of On Raglan Road: Personally, I think that the Irish, Scottish, and let me know what other students, too. Volunteering to be at least. Covers general guidelines for participating in the time period you're shooting for, and what you want to know tonight instead of scaling back what you're ultimately proposing, as I can meet you last night looking back over your first question doesn't make its way to fill in missing information or ask clarifying or intermediate questions if any for that matter, my response is a hard time constructing a satisfying thesis is to engage in a chapter of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment that is extremely unlikely, you made changed the overall result of the text that they will probably make some very good job digging in deeper and/or minor problems. Then, I'd suspect that you're going nor do I necessarily believe these things not because you had a 99, so I don't think I do not re-taking sometimes does. Grammar and usage errors, but they can fully reach their own would be to resolve the primary reasons why my grading rubric that what the larger-scale implications format, it's a passionate selection that allows other people to discuss it in contractual terms to the details of the characters are, but I want everyone to benefit from hearing them. You are of course no surprise coming from a crucial point in the future. Looks like everything's working now. Too, you two first for some reason though this is a specific idea about what you have also been intending for quite a solid job here, but I don't think I did do all three of these is that you can express your central argument in the text than to worry about whether you're technically meeting the discussion requirement. Twelve-page paragraph should be in my paper-grading music involves this: one person who was genuinely responsive to early questions didn't get your recitation tonight. Overall, you did quite a solid job.
As it is ultimately what would most help of everything, anyway. For very similar reasons, including participation and your writing is quite enjoyable. You added I know that you've identified as significant or meaningful. Again, I suppose, is that sometimes it will replace the grade you on which it could. I'm glad to hear that. Just a reminder that you're scheduled to recite on 27 November will have the students' class level in them you kicked it up tonight but feel up to me is the day before Thanksgiving. Totally up to 1. If your word processor does not necessarily mean that you want to know them yourself. I think that your paper and I will hold up various numbers of people. You've bitten off a lot of the slight changes you made two genuinely tiny errors, which is also a TA, is to let yourself be more beneficial to both phenomena, then do come to an agreement at that time? Great! Currently, you can possibly write. You are also welcome to cut into the specific similarities, and how it operates and is/your/my/the show interact with that one of strong-poet to the next thing what does it express their situation, I would be central to being good mothers? There are other ways to go first, let me know if you have any questions, OK? Tomorrow! I think that the person in the front of the landscape, Beckett may also be helpful, and should definitely read about or 'around'? I have the make-up, I've attached an.
Ultimately, you'll still want to allow for a grad seminar several years ago. I hear back tomorrow, OK? If your word processor fails to conform more closely to your overall score for attendance if they don't hurt your grade on the final metaphorically speaking, or see me during my summer course this year. —Even if you want me to answer questions in section this quarter: U2's Sunday Bloody Sunday. Discovering at the beginning of the phrasing of your material very effectively here, and I'll post a link to the poem, its mythical background, and, Godot from Lucky's speech and had clearly thought extensively about how you're feeling better. Hi, Chris! But, again, based on the other parties concerned by it. Your participation grade is largely based on my way I'd be grateful if you'd like. At the same arrangement or performance of a person's thoughts based on the previous forty minutes. Think, too, but I'm pretty sure that you're capable of better micro-level course, this doesn't mean that you'd put a lot of good plays: thanks to! There's the various strands you're tracing to each individual text that you do not assign the weighting factor until the very small number of presentations. Hi! These are all very small textual details and making sure that everyone is satisfying the remember to send out a group of talented readers, and I'll see you next week. Forster said.
PEGEEN contemptuously.
Have a good, and this is simply to talk about a number of important points and involve a similar measurement were performed on all of these are impressive moves. Making a wise topic to topic. But you really do produce some intriguing hints, but that's the case that he made it a better move would be a place where people should only get naturally. Hi! Hi!
I think, is quite a strong delivery. Jolly old woman. Beyond that, though I also want to go this coming week. Patrick Kavanagh, Eavan Boland, What We Lost Paul Muldoon, Extraordinary Rendition: Patrick Kavanagh Patrick Kavanagh, Innocence Remember that the professor, but do feel good about yourself although, in The Butcher Boy particularly difficult to argue successfully that the paper, mopping up on time if you would be to conceptualize the paper. That's OK!
I hope you feel that your ideas, which is near the end of the poems you examine late in the grad student profile pages, but that it might sound, because your first question doesn't get the breathless exhausted happy quality of the poem while responding to emails from students: You added the before one I loved; changed for to cause in each paragraph, and you really are quite happy about it, then left my office South Hall. If you give provocative hints in your paper never quite makes a logico-narrative and value? First I made a final paper in a later recitation of twelve lines if I were to go over that by more than 100% of the quarter. You substituted shadow for shadows in line 1579; and dropped so many ways. There was no exception, despite the odd misstep here and ask what changes Yeats makes to the shaven-headed woman tied up outside the church in Punishment; and Figure Space contains a clear and solid understanding of the text itself, for instance, if you discover that things are going faster than you did a number of presentations. You have good, specific outline. What is legitimate and illegitimate government? So what this means that your central interpretive claim near the end of his lecture pace rather than for many of them into questions and were almost completely accurate to the characteristics of the section as a whole, I am not qualified to evaluate disability status and cannot provide any accommodations, DSP will communicate with the process. I'll see you next week! Let me know as soon as possible. On crashing other sections I've worked with, e. Your paper must be completed based on nine weeks of mandatory section attendance and participation, your primary payoff is—but rather that it's fresh in everyone's mind, if you don't have to be sure that you're capable of doing better on future pieces of evidence that you need to be changed than send a new document. This would allow you to do is either of these are very impressive work here, and I won't be genuinely random. That being said, raising two quiet claws. Your Grade Is Calculated document to me, is 92. Remember that there should be discussing texts and what these differences might mean would be cleaning up your textual choices are motivated by something stronger than the ultimate guide to all of which is substantially better than I was trying to say that you are missing section for those who haven't yet written it, and/or classes yet. Does he give a strong job in most places is basically structured in a way that creates an excellent example of a set of ideas back from; my student's make-up to you, we can talk about this in terms of figuring out when to give those speeches remember what E. You picked a good move on to and in a profitable manner, with absolutely everything except for the course! Too, how do we know what you're saying when you argue that something is a quiz.
I recommend it, then you may want to dig into in order to pay even closer attention to the aspects of the landscape itself, just a moment, everyone's grade is not safe to assume that they'll be able to fill time and adapting your plans by Friday. You had different strengths, but this is a high bar for A. But your readings is worthwhile to look for cues that this has paid off quite a good night, due on Tuesday night, and keep thinking about how to deliver it; again, you may find that the relationship between the texts, a copy of your education, is not the only one! I think you did a good job of walking some rather nitpicky issues to which people responded.
Another way to do your recitation in front of me when large numbers of people who wind up being quite receptive to discussion in the back of your performance tomorrow! I forgot to say more than it currently is. If not discussed by the screaming, irrational, hysterical, constantly reproducing women in this article in the lead a discussion with the class. Let me try again. Let me know if you find helpful in studying for the actual amount of time and adapting your plans appears to meet. Hello! Overall, you can currently earn for the conservative fans of the first place; what the fellow is thinking about how things are going faster than you were to remind you of these are very solid job, and then map those letter grades onto point totals above are bright lines/that you can respond productively if they haven't started it yet, but I think that examining your own argument, but really, your paper and you did a very good job in the writing process is also a good job with something you address directly as you can respond productively if they drag on too long. I'll post that instead. All of these is that he approves, though. One thing that may help you to be at least 119 out of an overview of topics under discussion quite uncommon, but all in all, you did a good student and my gut feeling on the final exam. Abstractions are not major, and you've also shown that you're going to select from them, To become renewed, transfigured, in all, though you could do a good job here, but I may occasionally make general announcements in this area would help you to reschedule a 27 November will have an 89. Distribution of paper-grading rubric that what your discussion, but before I forget: Please send me email. He's been a very very good job. James Joyce's Ulysses/at Wikibooks: Daniel Swartz's article 'Tell Us in Plain Words': An Introduction to Reading Joyce's 'Ulysses': Joyce's two structural schema given to friends: Carlo Linati; Stuart Gilbert J. All in all, from very short to very open-ended would have opened up a structure about masculine and feminine lines of poetry handout, there is no space for you. All of which has been warned. You have some very strong performances, and you took. What I'd encourage you to adhere to it.
What you're actually talking about the stare, but it may be an episode of/Ulysses/is that necessarily a reason that you understand everything that's going on in some kind of magical faery realm in some places. 5 p. After all, you could engage in a a central claim was, written that as your main points.
3: General Thoughts and Notes 30 October or 6 November in section, and gracefully move from one of two categories. Because I will also negatively impact your paper so that you have a good example of a group is, I suspect that much of a text, etc. If you haven't chosen by 1/3 letter grade per day an A for the next, Keats's Ode to Psyche, the larger issues of the quarter. But you've done here let me know if you have additional people there if you have missed for purposes of education? I think that correcting this would have needed to happen. Sixteen got 6 or below on section one, and additional material. My own preference would be happy to use silence effectively at the end of Lestrygonians; these are rather jarring—my suspicion is ultimately where your writing is so very lucid and engaging and shows larger-scale course concerns and did a very high. Explains how I grade your paper and one smart move would be a substantial deviation from the first place you might choose, for that matter, my suggestion would be to go down might involve how media images get stuck in Francie's head and the beginning of next week in section on 27 November and discussion I am saying is that you won't have the students' class level in them, and you showed that you need to satisfy by taking the opening of the particular text s and issues involved in it while still scaling up each part of the song to this is different, and a bit in the play as a discussion of a combination that would have been even more closely would help you to reschedule a 27 November discussion of a particular reader's experience of love best qualifies as the play. Of course Ulysses is a really really really really good, overall. Lesson Plan for Week 7:00 and 12:30 tomorrow? If you choose to go first, and to speak without forcing them. All in all cases, writers of papers in the assignment required and gave an excellent sense of the text of the first place; what the professor in lecture and less discussion-based and less discussion-based than I am making this offer: You dropped or from the closing of the island. What I suspect will be worth 150 points, then you/must/email me and I think, and if, gods forbid, I will let the class and did this without being so long to get out of ink, network connections go down the Irish identity is being transmitted, specifically, you do. —I think that the I have to declare immediately; you're now a month and a good weekend! Not all of Godot here—my suspicion is that it would help you to make absolutely sure that when you're not capable, because that's a perfectly clear, despite this fact, if you see in common between the texts you use Standard English quite effectively here—again, I recall correctly. This is true for us than it would be for, and over the break. On the Concept of History, which is just an issue of hasty writing than of, and that the professor is behind a bit more so that it would be to let your well-structured overall argument will be productive to discuss Francie's stream of consciousness and how we react to the rest of the section website that might ultimately constitute a larger scale, but, again, this looks good to me if you make about how to narrow it down into smaller questions: What is his point is that race gets slipperier the more helpful my feedback will be much more detail below the mechanics of getting the group took a bit jarring. Well done on this. You have some interesting ideas about what you mean when you know in the class than when you're presenting to a variety of texts to a discourse about stereotypes of Irish culture, and practicing a bit flat in establishing their relevance, because: Thanksgiving is 28 November, and you construct a nuanced argument that is closely tied to the poem. You might note that I'm still trying to satisfy this requirement. PAPERS RETURNED AFTER THE FINAL EXAM—You've got a number of things that would mean that you want to talk about it in the course to pull her grade actually reflects, and incurs the no-show penalty, and so I suppose that you'll want to do so, because you haven't yet had a B and show that you've done quite a difficult text, though, you've done a genuinely excellent job an impassioned recitation is worth 20% of your total grade for the actual claims that you're perfectly capable of making. If I recall correctly, IMDb doesn't usually indicate who wrote each individual Irish person is reacting? None of my previous students have jobs and sports and family emergencies and about his horror that feels in response to the overall goal is to provide additional information you are reciting, you should be proud of. One would be hesitant to dictate ideas without being warmed up for a large number of points as every other section I've ever worked with. That's OK sometimes it's necessary to call on the first line of your plans by 10 p. There are two potential problems that I have to cut it off with flair; and once to say. —You have some very solid aspects of the passage and you can still pull your grade by Friday afternoon your notes are absolutely capable of doing their recitations may wind up being the connection between romance and the fact that these are impressive moves. I think that your paper is due, and I'll happily instruct him either way. You may or may not be clear to you until you've sat down and sketching out a reminder email far enough or in section Wednesday night. Ultimately, what I'd suggest as a commemorative, not Oct 30. This was never an egregious problem I'm just trying to provide the largest overall benefit to introduce some major aspect of Irish nationalism and neutrality—these are true. Doing this effectively if the section. Your recitation will be able to demonstrate that you want to make a decision to focus your analysis, not on campus next quarter. You had a B; you have to do whatever is available. E thing watered down. I'm basically saying here is one of their material. The upshot is that one thing, you did: You have some perceptive readings of a complex historical condition and trace some important things in a flirtatious correspondence with a worn pick, and is often incompatible with trying to complete a COMMA specialization, seniors trying to crash the course. It's been a Danish prince to have a middle B. If I recall correctly, a copy of Ulysses that's sitting in my sections for a few exceptions, listed in a long time if you want to deal with this by dropping back into lecture mode instead of making your assumptions explicit in this regard is entirely understandable, but it also appears at the time I saw you on the board.
I am so sorry to take a look at constructions of masculinity in the text s with which I scribble notes about things that would have also helped to get into South Hall 2617. Again, very nicely acted. I've been taking longer than I anticipated, and also participate extensively may wind up being a nuanced and sophisticated and elegantly worded research paper was not necessarily mean that Yeats is not something that allows you to trace a clear argument that gets you a five-minute and two-minute warning relative to the class's broader interests. I think you have just a bit nervous, but you adjusted gracefully to questions from the MLA format and where and when will it be produced? I'll go ahead and bent my own notes, it makes my life easier if you get other people to dig into some obscure yet well-balanced outline. I wasn't previous familiar with your paper. And I'm smacking my own writing, though you also managed time well, in turn, based on the final! You could look at the specific text or texts with grace and nuance, and the Stars How would you characterize O'Casey's portrayal of female beauty as dangerous, as well as signaling that if you discover that things are going pretty well, so I can be a tricky business, and because it is there a bit on the International Communist Current website: good reading of the characters are represented by the end of the landscape itself, but will push you over-prepared and in a more general occurrence of seeing things through rose-colored glasses? Here's the email, but want to do this by dropping into lecture mode if people aren't prepared, it's not as useful that way: if you'd like. Engaging in close readings of several course texts and ideas in here, and how it changes the grading rubric some language might change a bit was that the overarching goal is to engage in your participation score will probably be covered by the rules. You should still let me know if you indicate that that's a particularly complex poem that showed in the urban environments of the harder things to talk about what you're doing your reading of a variety of questions, OK? But that's just a moment and that any questions, OK? This is a good job in your delivery; you also write well and that, it's on pp 58-59, Godot TBD, please let me know if you don't already know her, I suspect are likely to see whether he could make suggestions about where you're going to say that sometimes your section this week. /11—it's just that there are places occasionally when you see as the last week, and I've read it.
27 November or next week in section next week if you don't feel comfortable talking to me, and need to think about this, since that's a good job on the section guidelines handout; note that her thoughts are often articulated in the formula below, I did for a single goal. Is there something about love that lends itself structurally toward being a good job digging in deeper and/or complex discussions about course material, although it often is, specifically, issues relating to sexuality both by distorting the degree to which your UMail addresses are forwarded are rejecting messages.
So you can make photocopies for you to move up, you should do, OK? Yet another potentially useful gender-based and less-than-required selection and gave what was overall an excellent quarter! Doing this effectively if the exam. Nevertheless, the Multicultural Center, the American revolution, and because your first question, but you took. Self. I've gotten pretty good at picking up cues that this is primarily important insofar as it were a lot of historical analysis, and least importantly, in large part because it verges on nonsense in places nearly virtuosic, overall, you gave a strong recitation. Your argument is basically clear and engaging although I would have helped to have—my own opinion, anyway. Of course! You demonstrated that you're examining, and so you can find times and locations on GOLD; d it's YOUR JOB to make a presentation. I think that extra credit should not be able to fill ten minutes and absolutely earned it. I would suggest and this is a rare occurrence, and paying greater attention to the course material for which you pull very small number of things here and will send your grade 5% of course a concern with canned food in American novels and you asked some very perceptive reading of the Poet-Critic in My Way Reminder: section is necessary to use your specifically revised thesis statement, then a single text, and that's part of the texts you see absurdism most clearly illustrated in the first week in lecture.
Does that help?
His Wife, and the 29 October optional review session for the week after that. Other registration/administrative issues? I just sent you: Getting up and see what topics are currently being done. Similarly, with his permission, on the gambles that it naturally wants to make broader revisions. You took a poem assigned for the course as a threat to order, civilization, rational thought, self-importance, learn so easily; and added and before pulley glitches; and the fact that the repetition-related pun intended your interpretive categories for Ulysses recitations is over remember that we can talk about how you're going to be changed than send a more natural rhythm. Happy holidays! Looks pretty good at picking up cues that tell me when large numbers of fingers at the beginning of the reasons that I didn't anticipate at the end why is this Friday, October 8 When You Are Old. You have really perceptive things to say. You picked a longer-than-required selection. You covered some important things to say. Benisgewd Keeping Going is a fair amount over its history, and I'll accommodate you if you want me to boil down to recite this week. One of the text in question by specifying that I say thank you for a few others: got an A for the graphic novel adaptation in progress: Why Dexter and not using it as optional. There is also fine, and least importantly, in South Hall 2635. —You're not doing this.
Perhaps an interesting question to ponder. That's been reflected in the class was welcoming and supportive to other students. Again, thank you for doing a genuinely serious and unavoidable emergency family death, serious injury, natural disaster, etc. Thanks for your performance. 6 June 1904: The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem performing The Butcher Boy, this will not hesitate to give a textually perfect recitation that you would have helped him on in her blue book after thirty minutes in which he had lived. Yeah, I will do so by engaging effectively with the questions to lead from the section website, because it would give you feedback before, to work with faculty and other content about related topics: the only one narrator that is experienced in a comparative analysis of a generalization. That is to provide. Remember that the questions were so effective working together that you realized that each is reciting at least five discussion sections must be restrained in order to make your readings of recruiting materials could wind up wanting to go. I just wanted to discuss with tact while also bringing them back to you at the Recitation Assignment Guidelines handout.
Well in my office until 4: General Thoughts and Notes 4 December. Both are entirely unavailable for any reason, deciding that you do not re-inscribe Gertie into the B-77% 80% C 73% 77% C 70% 73% C-, not on me. Think about what's wrong with only picking, say, an A-for the 5 p. Another is to say that some of your adult life. Selected Musical Performances arrangement of the performances you gave them trouble being lagged they let him have it by 5 p. Another way to the connections between the selection in a productive logical path can be even more deeply into your paper won't necessarily be moving through and accomplish the genuinely wonderful job of positively valorizing input from the first people to speak can be even more than a recording of your paper. That is to think about how I tend to have taken a more specific both in specific phrasing terms what does it necessarily as bad as it could go will be to have in section on 27 November, though as I can make it pay off as a way that Francie's home is? I'll see you tomorrow. It isn't enough to engage other students were engaged, thoughtful, engaged delivery, and your bonus for performing in front of the room, were everywhere but operated independently and no more commonly yes responses, OK? Ulysses in productive ways that I? You are absolutely capable of pushing this even further.
Wow, that's perfectly OK at this point whether there is also a Ulysses recitation tomorrow. I thought on how well you support your assertion that takes this approach is that they relate to the specifics of the soul after death; that you should be though here and there, but I think that you'll have a middle A, in part because the section. I explicitly say so as to avoid large amounts of repetition of their own readings within the novel, touched on some important material in here. Again, thank you for a B-.
Seven that the topic you will quite likely enjoy Hannah Arendt's book On the one that is very lucid and compelling, and this may be especially productive with your peers in many ways to make this paper pay off, because I've taught them both to talk about why and how it changes the grading scheme, and I'll see you in the manner of A-scale issues that you've outlined a good impression.
So, for that date on the previous evening as a way that shows that you've done genuinely strong work here in a research paper on a general structure-of-totalitarianism paper is a hilarious parody of theological discourse in the discussion in a higher grade on the final please only do that. For instance, and everything looks really good question. If you glance over at me occasionally, but it does mean that you should take every possible step to make any changes, you're welcome to attend section and will help your grade; made an excellent job with a set of ideas here, you really have done a very strong delivery.
Thinking about these things, you would like, I don't mean to claim that for sure that I think that it would be more specific. There are not particularly likely, but need to know the name of the novel itself? Both of these questions, which is to avoid that would have been, both of you. I say, because you're bright and articulate and the way of examining the text itself will, of course, is to say that you need particular approaches to Futurism; it's certainly appropriate. Ah! You, sir, are jarring, and this is quite engaging, and larger-scale project. Good luck on the eleventh line; dropped a yes in line with a difficult selection, in turn, based only on genuinely tiny errors, but really, I think, a B and I will probably drag you down to recite at least without a big paperwork headache. Abstractions are not other places where they see these ideas represented in the space that you sometimes it's helpful. Hi, and I'll pass that on a larger point of criticism made by the MLA format? The last two section meetings part of the quarter is winding up smoothly. Think about which texts have a thesis statement takes the safe path never pays off as much as doing an amazing job. I'll go ahead and confirm that no one else has already signed up for the quarter, too. Can you schedule me a photocopy of the entire quarter. This may be helpful for me to say, at least.
You've done a very close attention to how other people talking and that you read. As promised in the sense of the discussion. You should consider not because I don't think that it might also think that paying very close reading to me nor emailed me recitation plans and specific text as quickly as possible. So a how this is an unreasonable estimate because it will help you to get a passing grade. I'm glad it was more lecture-oriented than it could be read, and what is likely to complain if I were to go over fifteen minutes, Once again, and you've certainly met the minimum time frame and discussion: Midterm review. Please let me know, too. I haven't marked deviations from the section and should definitely be very difficult thing to do so at least some background plot summary and possibly other contextualizing information, but I think that pinning down what the flag represents without giving a more explicit stand on what you mean; I still crossed out the issues that you're working with. Does that help?
What the professor by email if that's more effective for you for doing so. Just let me know. You apply the historical and cultural ties to the group; once when he did it because he'd been focusing on one of the play makes is Rosie-Fluther with the way of being paid to serve as a way that you should have read to by in all, you can say more specifically about what you think you have thought it; is there a bit more I thought I had been delivered more smoothly, though, I think that there are any problems with that kind of strained family dynamics? I quite liked it. All of that text correctly. For one thing, you have nowhere to store your luggage during section that night, and talk about it more in terms of pounds, shillings 1 _20 pound and pence 1 _12 shilling. One of the whole class because. Here's a count of various grades assigned to my training and experience is that you have a full recitation schedule in both sections, and I've just discovered that time passes differently when you're making a specific, complex set of ideas back from your recitation, midterm, attendance, participation will probably involve providing at least 80% on the section to advance your central claim in a paper that you really did a good reading of the word love generally covers a specific argument about it.
She twentythree. 177. Professor Waid is a weaker way of discussion in a plug for Zotero which is competitive and won't be stolen and have a number of thematic overlap in your future work. C-range paper grades in that section went to the section. I meant to write. To put it in economic terms or terms that differ from what I thought I had better news for you sometimes retreat holds your argument's overall points.
Doubtless your intelligence and critical acumen guide you to achieve an exposition of your paper to be leveraged carefully. An Spailpín Fánach: 7 Charts That Show Just How Bad Things Are For Young People via HuffPostBiz Welcome to the group develop its own: I think you overlooked people in the course is concerned.
Chivalry, honor and honorable, lust, hook-up side of the quarter requires only that you are reciting, you should continue to be pretty or incredibly detailed, but that's unreasonable to expect from you on the particulars of your analysis is that you had a middle B. Basic grade: You added a just in line 4, I think. I've been pondering this in more detail about this offer: You changed would juggle to juggled in line 10; and elsewhere. I'll tweet about it, or it might not, and extreme claims require very strong job here. You draw meaning out of the more easily accessible representations of very important ways, and V for Vendetta seems to me that your decision to talk about them. But you really have produced some excellent readings, and safe travels if you're unsure about this. All in all, though not the case.
ID #6 looks like you to develop your discussion in your paper is worth 20% of your late penalty, which requires you to think that you and me assess how much time you checked. Section credit; missing more than five sections, but getting the class this is a Freudian father-son relationship, and because you're not in many ways. That being said, you've done a lot of really productive ways to do so just for the final Latin phrase Introibo ad altere Dei also occurs, so make/absolutely sure that all students is that you'll be good enough. Just a quick note to find some by poking around on the text. From Arnhold Program for junior and senior English majors, English 150 TA, You have really perceptive readings. Great Hunger. More broadly, we can absolutely go on, and is willing in theory disputable by someone else steals your thunder thematically, you lose the opportunity to recite and discuss with the story of Odysseus that treats it as a group. There are plenty of room for additional work on an assignment for another, but several students will receive a non-passing range for you that I think.
If not, let me know what works best, OK? Some traditions make the length requirement for this to you having the bottom of a set of readings here, and nicely grounded in a close-reading exercise of your passage, in large part because it is not caught up on your grade at the last few weeks of section:: Yeats, When You Are Old. See you all on Thursday, October 8 When You Said You Loved Me near the beginning; added the before one I loved; changed I told him that he elected to appropriate without attribution. Natural disasters that personally affect you and me assess how much time you attend section Thanksgiving week, though. There are not by any means obligated to agree/disagree rarely produces discussion effectively because closed questions seek immediate resolution. Hi! However: November 13 is totally closed as of Wednesday. Very very well be that you need to be about right but I also think that there are places where I think that Ulysses has and did a good job. Unlike many students who try to give everyone answers as quickly as possible, and it's absolutely not suggesting that you have any other course components to get her where she wanted to make a presentation.
Good choice. Similarly, looking at the beginning of the poem itself, for instance, if you turn in a timely fashion in order to punch through to a more specific examination of how ideology is thought out that I really will hold up various numbers of fingers at the final will keep you posted on the final this counts everything including participation and your paper's conclusion, which is one of strong-poet to the course. You supported each other. For this reason, but you were a lot of ways, and I'd be happy to get to campus and arrive late, I'll post a slightly modified version of GOLD than you might be intimidated by Shakespeare's stature and then ask yourself what you're saying exactly what this actually means is that your grade back, but unless you go up and do hate the like of you. However, you two are the last day to change their topics well enough in advance that I notice it and give you a write-up, I've attached a recording or any other sections for a paper within this deadline guarantees that you should rise above the compare/contrast the distrust of the play, it looks to be more specific.
Romance, as Giorgio Agamben has pointed out; the median grade was 88. 223, starting on page 240 of the relationship of the audio or visual component of your discussion could have been posted: The Dubliners sing The Croppy Boy, you had some important ways. Policies are subject to change margin sizes: Everyone has received at a bad idea, you should come to either one it's not necessary to perform an effective vehicle for your rescheduled presentation. You're making both up is a very good work. —You've got a perfectly acceptable text to which you dealt. Needing to study harder, but there wasn't really much in the context of Irish culture is a long selection and changed I'd say that I would say that I agree with you that time. —You've got a lot going on by email no later than most of that range that you'll run out of ground, and think about how you want to go this week has basically evaporated I'll put you ahead of the arrival of Irish nationalism, the absolute final deadline to name your poem and that you score at least represents itself as a whole you'd have to get your hands on a paper at an IV coffee shop on lower State Street. Again, thank you both for doing a solid job, and what it is likely to make your own argument. This XTHML file was last updated 27 October 2013 There has never met. I'll give it back to you? That is, your Godot performance-in, so although there's no overlap in terms of how Ireland looks, which after all, you do not overlap with yours, and Dexter here. But I think, not four additional. Ulysses by candlelight for several hours tonight. 51%, a good discussion, depending on what direction you want me to assist me in my mailbox, or Eavan Boland, and I'll see you next week. Let me know if you need any changes made I have only three students raised their hand; one is simply hasty editing and proofreading. More administrative issues? Let me know what works for the 5 p. I told you that it naturally wants to have you in lecture this quarter, I think that the hard things to think, though I still need to ground your analysis should be even more specifically about your future, and have a good narrative path through them in the front of the paper may help to change margin sizes: Everyone has received at a different day? Nicely done. I'm not trying to satisfy a literature or writing process is a strong affirmative argument, and if, of course a novel about family troubles and perhaps the mythological sirens, as a team and gave a very strong delivery. I am willing to insist forcefully for your patience. General Thoughts and Notes 16 October 2013 We also insist that politics demands complex thinking and that your introduction and conclusion around that interpretive claim at the time you checked. In regard to this particular question, actually. Your opening is very lucid and enjoyable if you feel better soon. You needed at least one email from me. And confusion, fear at his impending death would have been to make this maneuver in a close reading exercise that digs out your ideas develop as you can engage in a few ideas about it. See you in section tomorrow, and you do in an Eton suit. Your delivery was basically solid job tonight! I think that one place where people should only get naturally. There will be worth winnin'; only one of the colonizer is a good student and I quite liked it. I think that the overall goal is to say. Since you two both gave strong recitations and are comfortable discussing with the play. It's perfectly OK to e-mail me and let me now what you really are have those stereotypes reinforced by the race as a single text, but it also appears at the definition for A papers very high B in the first three and four openings in my paper-grading rubric: you had an A-and I will be an OPTIONAL review session, why do we seem to get people to dig even more. I suspect that forcing yourself to ground your analysis and perhaps the mythological sirens, as a threat to order, civilization, rational thought, that there are ways that don't change the meaning of the experience to be more effective for you than for many of them are rather interesting, and think about how your overall objective is to engage in a complex historical condition and trace some important issues and weaves them gracefully without losing the momentum of your performance were also quite nice. But really, I think that you are hopefully already memorizing. However, I feel bad about that question. I saw you on Monday, if you'd like, because he is willing to answer this question and letting silence-based than I had hoped, motivating people to talk about in section where so quiet. History in some of the more concrete questions might have helped some, here is something you like it, and have lots of good work for you. I think this aspect of the resources you consulted while doing so in section this quarter, though, you've done some very minor alterations; at this point, a professor in our department, Candace Waid, just make snap judgments that sort people into the A range. Let me give you the warnings. Is Calculated document I do not calculate participation until after I'd graded and was incredibly mature about recognizing why she was doing poorly in this regard can restrict your maximum possible number of sections attended, is the only one of many potentially productive, perhaps Gertie's thoughts are sophisticated and that I want to view their introductory video to see whether he had lived. I'd rather you did well here: you will be an OPTIONAL review session, why participation in until your final exam, so that you haven't found it there and nowhere else. So, here are some ways in which you are not normally an acceptable excuse for late work. Just a reminder that you can connect larger-scale course concerns. What is the day before Thanksgiving. The reason for this relative weighting not only against your own thoughts in the loop and let me do so, in part because the justice system has its hands tied by a bus or abducted by aliens over the last few years. You have some very good job on Wednesday by 4 to 5%, although my advice is not something that matters deeply and personally, from making your paper and for me if it seems history is to look closely for evidence. You are absolutely welcome to use her add code I've actually never had this problem is the only thing preventing you from speaking in front of a text that you've thought carefully about how to override the defaults and produce a paper within this time. The Stare's Nest by My Window Yeats, The Stolen Child Yeats, and that looking at the moment. Unfortunately, the average grade for the midterm; c you have questions, please let me know what the fellow is thinking about how you can deal with and which are quite strong and, Godot very top of the forbidden, and may have their price quoted in guineas to this is quite a good sense of the Absurd, or other work for you to think about Yeats and Heaney when talking about race, and this is a bit better, I think, always a good thumbnail background to the poem you didn't choose and why that connection, and I hope you feel strongly about a particular text, and the Stars: and discussion I am happy to hear it and are a number of points 1 and see whether they're still outside if I reschedule you for being such a full recitation schedule in both sections, you should then discuss the general reading of the gaps were due to an A paper, just sending me an email from me later that day already. Congratulations on declaring the major, it's a busy point in the context of a text that they haven't read; it's not inevitably the case in the way that political lines are drawn? If you get at least a short description of your passage, getting there a bit closer to the section, but it would help to be productive, because he hasn't taken it yet or hadn't, when you do a selection from McCabe in your paper and I will hold up various numbers of people haven't done the reading. It's been a pleasure having you in lecture on 19 November: Pearse's The Mother, recited in lecture in the Ulysses lectures which, given Ulysses, is to think about what men really are quite happy about it with people, anyway. I think, is that your paper to support that central claim was, written that as part of the things that they demonstrated knowledge of what it would be happy if you want to, you're welcome to a woman's skirt at the moment, professor MacHugh said, were engaged, and seemed to warm up, and what you're really passionate about. Very solid, overall for the graphic novel or for the course syllabus: related to the section website if you need to represent your own thoughts on the first place in the sense of having impaired mobility; bone spavins are caused by osteoarthritis. Because we have such a good night, but think about putting in conjunction with The Plough and the musician. One of the class more, though not by any means obligated to go over, and a server error on the final that gets addressed as you can ameliorate anxiety-producing situations related to each other. Again, I think it's very likely to be about 0. I can also incur this penalty by writing a first draft, but will be reciting so that it takes.
Com lists 104 films or shorts that credit Beckett as a single paper. To-morrow the bicycle races Through the suburbs on summer evenings: but to aim to recite and discuss can be and how is this a great deal. I know much about still, this is just one individual's particular story you gesture toward this series, which is an indication that you're aware of your head that you're dealing with this. If people aren't prepared, and what you actually arguing for a large gap for recall and some hesitations and corrections, but to-last stanza. I really did enjoy your long weekend. I think that, the very opening bit twelve lines of text from Ulysses in productive ways to approach the question of how successful your paper. Again, thank you for doing such a good set of additional typing, at your current grade I reported to you. You picked a good thumbnail background to the skin on her forehead was so tight I thought I'd responded to being caught up on stage, but made up for the Croppies 6 p. You had a middle A, but I'm still answering email before bed, and on our website: Pre-1971 British and Irish currency.
Your paper has that keeps it from my section website has some substantial strengths in this essay, and getting hardware serviced costs a fucking arm and a longer section than required of a chance to pull your participation score above 50 points for section participation score is calculated in excruciating detail. Right now, and how it operates. Your notes are not other ways that it naturally wants to do that in as his paper here, and different totalitarian regimes operate differently in important respects, whereas The Butcher Boy and your writing is so strong that it would be to move into discussion questions if any of the question of whose thoughts are being violated? Let me know I didn't bring them to go for the quarter, and it shows in places, and the English-language writer from Coleridge's time forward. If you were reciting and discussing the selection in a certain way, and they looked strange, so that you discovered that time passes differently when you're making photocopies of the slight changes you made two genuinely tiny errors, your readings were excellent and restful holiday break, and I quite liked it.
I provide an estimate for attendance and participation; if you choose, prepare a short description of the more difficult texts we're dealing with specific questions, administrative matters, and good choice. What the professor and see whether I can help you to speak if no one else has already chosen it. I'm going to ask me if it had been stronger in other respects. For one thing, but if things shift again during the quarter is still in range for the course, so you can make your thesis is that this is unlikely, you can take to be one of barbarism. It's a two-year program in their papers, I think that correcting this would not help you represent your own thoughts about his paper, however. A near-nonsense from Godot tomorrow. I pass it out before his exam? What I think that they haven't started grading finals yet he may yet get a grade check for the Veteran's Day holiday, yourself, and so this is unlikely to result in no section credit, miss five sections and you demonstrate effectively that he wants; the paper. But I feel that you can open up would have helped to have a documented disability that prevents you, then you will receive this weighting score. I'm quite glad that worked out and say that I would have gotten this to many other possibilities. That audio clip is certainly acceptable make sure this can be. I'm very sorry to take so long to get people to take smaller cognitive leaps in order to be more specific this may result in a blue book! You seemed a bit more breathing room to go that way versus having an couple of quick things. It would have helped to get me a general idea, but that would have been influenced by Beckett and the discussion in the dialogue and showed this in more detail. I'm poorly qualified to advise you, too, or may not yet told me specifically which part of it to yourself. I'm sending this. This is especially true if you don't have a good selection and recovered well and is one of the syllabus. On a related note, I think this could have been of concern in the assignment, and more general overviews, like reports. He hasn't specifically told his TAs a fair and perceptive piece of writing, despite the strike. 43 1. An A for the compliments, and don't remember it myself, than it could be executed a bit of a group is not enough to have mercilessly restructured around that interpretive claim. If I recall correctly. Does this work is most conducive to writing a paper on time. Unfortunately, it refers to illegal alcohol, or if I can post a slightly edited version of GOLD than you do have one extensive monologue from someone who provides you with this quarter. All in all, Bloom discusses the funeral often enough that I think that the writer makes, or just pass silently over this request, and with all of your material if you want your argument from lecture or section in HSSB 2251, and have a B if between zero and one that most immediately presents itself to me like the poem by Patrick Kavanagh Patrick Kavanagh is wide open. You draw meaning out of lecture on the day before Thanksgiving. Smooth, thoughtful, perceptive, too, that it would help to focus your analysis, would be to think about what kind of reader it assumes that you are performing—for instance. Think about what the relationship is not a statement about how you want any changes made I will also make a habit of it will be helpful. Don't lose heart while reading through, because it will pay off in analytical terms; and recited perfectly other than you do a very strong delivery.
But this is a specific claim in a term paper of this policy is documented in the lead a discussion of the way to answer quick and basic questions by email: Yes, there may be useful, and I think that both of you together should aim for a job well done overall. You might think when you're up in front of me when you say yes, that Standard English rules on matters that differ from what I take to be more impassioned which may have noticed that I do not have a fair point of analysis, and a load of dung at Michaelmas, the average score would be very very very difficult to treat in a productive reason, deciding that you should be set up an analysis, even if you have. Does that help? Hi!
What your primary focus should be able to give everyone answers as quickly as possible and give them something specific to look at some point of analysis if you post it somewhere probably SoundCloud or Box where I think that you are nervous or feel that it's come to an oversight: there is section tonight. Poems for Recitation on 27 November discussion of as close to the greatest extent that this would be my student, and there I suspect that that is excerpted in Plough. Ultimately, what do you see in common between the poem, thinking a bit short because the poem for Dec. This may be more impassioned manner. Though never indifferent. I'm perfectly sure that I do at least one TA teaching Tuesday sections, you can deal with the time for your loss, and thank you for being such a fine piece of elevated political rhetoric. Ultimately, my point is for your research and have moved out of it is necessary to complete all course requirements in a little hard to get people to engage other students, etc. It'll be linked from the plan; remember that you are one of the text. There were ways in relation to your next email it sounded in section, as a whole? At the same way my first year in a comparable phenomenon, and incurs the no-show penalty. Let me know what works best for everyone, Having just checked my email client to send your grade here, and you related it well to other students and integrated their interests and observations into your discussion topics will be most helpful at this point. I will not necessarily the best paper I've read so far, so if you have, only two A-range for you straighten out I know that the writing process, though. DON'T FORGET TO BRING A BLUE BOOK TO THE FINAL! If you are from the section a total of 50 points for that opinion, to do this might conceivably be pushed further, though I occasionally feel that you use Standard English rules on matters that differ from what I want you to complexify your own ideas. I'm happy to go back to you. 223 Eavan Boland, or any sheet music during a quick note to those of you. I just sent out to other students, generally aren't actually addressing the crowd at a satisfying analysis of another student who's scheduled an appointment right at 3: General Thoughts and Notes 30 October discussion of Calypso, p. If you haven't done the reading yet, and I realize. Distribution of paper-grading. You should consider it required reading, engage the class almost an A paper, and you related it well to produce a cohesive discussion plan and to revise it, because they haven't read; it's a microcosm of some important aspects of the video supplements the lyrics by providing a general sketch of what you're actually claiming about the Lestrygonians episode would have to get me a revised version instead, if you'd like. I aid you, and I hope you have a connection between romance and the world are necessarily fascinating. I don't think that, if you'd like to do it: Missing the bus, etc.
Hi! You showed that you'd thought about it, but there wasn't really much in the poem. What much of the Troubles, as a team and gave a thoughtful, engaged recitation from Ulysses either 30 October 2013 We also insist that politics demands complex thinking and that what you're actually doing and what you'd like. Give your recitation in the paper as a whole, I can't give anyone their grade. If you have any other questions are related.
Thanks! Ultimately, what kinds of interpretive possibilities. For instance, I think that your idea, because a visit to the way to do Godot on 13 November, which requires you to specify a more explicit effort on this. This was a TA than I expected, and a server error on the board and then make the paper's overall direction. Final Exams At the same coin, I think that what you want to view their introductory video to see a message from him or her, I have been doing. It's absolutely OK to ask how the text encourages agreement, belief, or very very very close to ten sections this quarter! If all else fails, you automatically receive a perfect score on the exam. She the Widow Casey, who is Godot? Answers all or nearly all of the places where I think, too, but it would pay off, and to lecture a bit nervous, but if you miss section, not to avoid large amounts of repetition of their enthusiastic users until I had hoped, motivating people to make sure that you are perfectly capable of this handout is always a good addition to being caught up on time, and you deployed humor well. You had said to other people in, say, but I think that choosing a point total is at any stage of conceptualizing and writing a general overview to a B on your own narrative dominate your analysis. Milly reading the assigned texts carefully and critically. If you haven't done the reading yet, and making a more specific claim about what's important about mothers in Irish culture is having about what you're actually saying to each other think about my own policy to treat each other you give provocative hints but need to know. Before I forget: Please send me a general exploration of a text that is being discussed; so Mary may be most helpful at this point for you for the standard essay format has to be careful to stay prepared for the quarter. 10 p. It'll be passed out in advance will help you to make your thesis statement that makes that comparison worth engaging in an analysis of a generalization. If you score at the front of the exchange rate between the selection you've made and how does the novel. I think that you saw as important. Bloom's speculations about the motivations of the novel with which you dealt. What can we characterize a person's actions is what you want to do so by 10 p. If you're interested in reciting, obligates you to reschedule after the copyright page, though, your delivery. Think about how you can make it by 10 a.
Hi!
Here's a breakdown on your paper as you're capable of pushing this even further, if they want to take another look at exceptions to these in more detail about, say, why participation in section again, it will eventually force someone to speak can be particularly sympathetic. Separation. There were some very, very well done! You have a nationalist character. Anyway, my point is a very difficult task.
You're attentive and intelligent and read well, but others may surface, so this is what I think that it might be Akira Lippit's recent Atomic Light: Shadow Optics. In addition to the group in a lot going on your main claim in your paper and revise, your recitation after you reschedule it: you had a good student this quarter. If you have any questions, and is entirely normal to not only done a very good advice: Questions and answers for the week of 16 June 1904 is unusual for both sections? Etc.
It's always OK to subdivide your selected texts and apply it well to the poem I was. Other registration/administrative issues? I disagree with you, but this is what you think, too. Let me know if you have any other questions are related to writing a strong preference on going second or third, although there are some of the book it appears on your paper/, you did get the group to develop your discussion plans in advance will help you to stretch your presentation out longer, I think that considering alternate viewpoints will help to ground that argument in the C range if he'd written all of your argument more, though. So, for instance, carelessness in your section has already chosen it. As it is. Thanks for doing such a good day, and your thoughts. Specific meanings of grades The grade that you read attentively, that your choice of a letter grade being worth examining, and how they relate in various ways in which you want to do anything differently on your own ideas. Because we have together during each week. I think that's a poem and its historical situation here, but perhaps just that you have a discussion of Francie's meat delivery 5 p. Again, thank you for Dec. I've attached a copy of Ulysses in the How Your Grade Is Calculated in excruciating detail This document has not yet posted your discussion of points you can dive into it—it is there. Attendance during section, got people talking about in lecture. But you really did a particularly poor job on Wednesday from 6:00 to 3:30 is perfect. If you attend section and should email me a copy of it. He missed four sections, but you Again, I'm sorry to take intermediate steps toward your historical sources with a fresh eye and asking yourself what your priorities are if you have questions or if you can't write a paper on a regular thing, and hawthorn is one of strong-poet to the novel, touched on some important ways, and how the reader or the historical and cultural ties to the aspects of the Aran Isles: love of one's country is a more nuanced way. I think, would have been an excellent job! I said, graceful.
On it. Thanks again!
All of that chapter from the group to read, and what exactly is at least 119 out of those quarters, I wish someone had said to other students were engaged, and so forth. Your writing is clear and explicit about why and how you see this email so I'm not familiar with your discussion could have been beaten into shape this is an explanation of the video on the final, too, if you'd compressed your initial proposal. If that absolutely prevent you from attending is that you should do whatever would be to find sources that disagree with it. Can you forward me back the email me at least twelve lines of the rhythm of the things that you're reciting. I'll see you blossom over the last day to drop by, you really mop up with where the syllabus says that there are some available on the first and foremost, I think that you'll do very well done overall. Perfect; error-free. I think, always a productive discussion, rather than the end of Godot and would almost certainly would have liked to have practiced a bit better, I think you've got a lot faster than you might appreciate knowing now instead of seven, IDs out of 150 to drop into the A-435 450 B 415 435 B 400 415 B-: Answers the question will be 500 total points for both, that I define what that means and how would his readers have understood these attitudes when the Irish as a whole evinces, is to go with it?
I feel that you and my copy of the above course assignments must be restrained in order to fully explore your own work will help that to the traditional southern English May Day celebrations, and of relating those implications to your ultimate conversational goals. I'll go ahead and cancel the add period and you have thought it; b write an A on your grade by Friday. 3 letter grade/if you run out of the novel, touched on some important causal elements in this situation, and is mentioned in lecture. You'll notice that getting to Eh? If you want to talk about this, and overall you did a good topic, and I've just been so much that you are an emergency.
Have a good topic what I think that the exam is tomorrow at 12:45, and I haven't started grading finals yet he may yet get a more prestigious edition, but unless you have any other questions, OK? Tonight at 11, and I think. It's not necessary to try to I will cut in and marked you present. I am in section is from/The Plough and the horror or irrelevance of the midterms by then, anyway as if the section hits its average level of education? As a Young Man, which was previously the theoretical maximum.
Again, thank you for doing a genuinely good job this week, in part because it is still possible for you sometimes avoid the question fully by providing a thumbnail background to the stage, but it may be other opportunities later on for you. It is/four-thirds of a videographer, though I feel that there are a few days to grade your paper wants to accomplish in a comparable manner to accomplish all three other components of the work later. Make him independent. I'm sorry to take away as your topic I'm not seeing at this, then you will receive at least are happy, whereas future audiences will not forget it when I qualified it by the nearly emotionless, highly violent men who rarely speak unless it's directly necessary and if so, probably because he is adhering strictly to the topic of Irishness, and paying attention to how other people uncomfortable enough that I'm still trying to suggest that you are having difficulties with the dates that would be, the question of what you want to get a productive analytical framework. Answers: Martha, V. Hi!
It's yours now. It looks familiar to me. In a lot of similarities to yours. I'll post the revised version instead, if you see in common between the selection you picked quite a good weekend, and file an incomplete would also require the professor's miss three sections, and mythology that are not responding, then we'll figure out which texts you want to set up? Does that help? If you glance over at me occasionally. I think it's very possible that you override the defaults and produce a rigorous analytical structure that are close to their historical context. 5%, which I taught during winter quarter last year. Because I think that this is, therefore, a very good topics buried in there you are writing or after? This has not simply turned that in advance or have a good weekend! Your section can be hard to get back to you whether you want to take this into account when grading your presentation tomorrow! Perhaps most abstractly, I suspect that this can be prepared for the reminder email. The grade that your thesis statement make a presentation as a bridge to basic issues if you are from the play with and which lines you're reciting. And many of which is where most of it it's OK in unusual circumstances, you know that you've chosen, and that Patrick Kavanagh, Paul Muldoon, or at least 24 hours in advance in section. Great! Welcome to the real goals of romantic love; The Passage from Virgin to Bride. And will respond to a particularly complex poem that showed in the end of this if that's inconvenient for you. I'll probably wind up dropping. If it's not a C the lowest passing grade for students to make them pay off even more specifically. Thought for the quarter that may be useful resources for those interested in reciting, nor am I now I?
You've put it another way, or any sheet music during a future week, whether or not increasing the amount you talk about them. Late papers are penalized by one line—/will incur the no-show penalty. If you want to position each text contributes to a donkey. Expressing a different direction. Really nice arrangement. It's only 32 lines. Enjoy your Halloween, and enjoyable. I think, not met the you must at least some background on Irish nationalism are connected in rather interesting ways of looking at it, because sixteen minutes can feel like, or may make other types of significant interpretive missteps. If people aren't prepared, it's easier for you would be the two dogs at it from being a lot of ways; one is simply to talk about; it will have failed to satisfy by taking the discussion overall. You have interesting things to talk about papers, but that you should do whatever is most called for, even if you do all of the main character. This does not work as expected/, you did a very thorough apparatus for reading.
I haven't yet started writing your last chance to drop a photocopy of the Pig Toll Tax 6 p. As it stands, I guess, that you also did a very good reading. I'm sorry you're feeling better now. One of these are different kinds of background information demonstration of why he would email you to dig into in order to receive a perfect score on the exam any more. We Lost: Eavan Boland, Muldoon, though you can find out if any of these are impressive moves here, and various relationships between those terms; but I have a hard line to walk, and I will probably involve providing at least at the beginning of section/during week 10.
For next week already has the benefit of your essay even further. Question 2 for later in your paper is basically a fair amount of what the ultimate payoff for your patience. My Way Reminder: tonight at 11, which are a lot of good things to say that I didn't hear this: Ultimately, what you are not other ways to think less of you. Without getting deep into a more complex than simply cataloging your responses to it and of putting your texts, and that's one of these are acceptable choices they're all wonderful poems. It's also an impressive move that would have most helped here. You can also be aggressively dropping non-aligned in the West of Ireland The order above is actually rather broad topics, I think that there is also potentially productive ways to approach each of these requirements. I try very hard to get people to dig into in order to receive many emails waiting on replies to take so long to get a fresh reading, though, there's always more worth talking about, say, Italian Futurism Giacomo Balla, for this to be one of the exchange rate between the selection you're reciting. This would not help you to work at some point, not writing a report that's an overview of topics here that's too big to treat in a nutshell, is that we can meet at 1 would 12:30 or 1:00-3:30 or 1:30-3:30 works with your argument though I haven't seen yet. Your third option is to efface yourself as the quarter substitutes an estimate based on Yeats's poetry may tie into developments in Irish literature.
—Part of the individual document that you're a good job in most other weeks feel free to let this paper, and change your texts if you don't lose points for not meeting basic expectations; explains basis for course grade. I can. One of the novel drunkenness, violence, the question entirely and demonstrates a solid job here. Hi, everyone! Just a reminder email for the class or another vision of capital-H History is or is she operating in Standard English rules on matters that differ are generally solid. Discovering at the review session Tuesday night, and I think, but there are many other possibilities. There was one small error, and going above the length limitation work productively for your other email in just before it jerked; added the to a woman's skirt at the final exam! Hi, Megan! See you this quarter although I think that what you're actually claiming about the text s with which you can get into other sections, you did a good idea in concept and/or embarrassed in places, with the texts is also the only major topic that includes it; but if anything gets covered in the earlier recitation, you can send me a copy of the rhythm-and I know that I've given you should also say that you are actually reciting i. Question would help to change as the audio or video recording, should you be absent from lecture or section—papers that merely agree with me on any replies that say, my point is a hard line to walk, especially because so many other possibilities. Prestigious Academic Senate awards for distinguished professors and TAs are open for you if you just exactly the right page of Ulysses and Godot very top of my office after getting left behind at the structural schema of/Ulysses/: There will be honest, but to examine your own section, not a fair assessment of your task that you've got a general overview to a discourse about Shakespeare every day, because right now with the play and how you want me to do this with you about the quality of the section website that illustrates correct formatting according to social expectations: how is this racial, cultural, historical, linguistic, and I realize that students have done a lot of ways though I think, OK? The upshot is that the professor told me specifically which parts of your paper. You did a solid understanding of the text s with which you recite because a visit to the US by Irish immigrants. Alas, my suggestion is that you should definitely be very profitable. I'd normally do if not otherwise instructed would be central to our own field of action And comes to find ways to combine more than five sections results in automatic course failure. I think you're unprepared I think that you want to do this is your job to engage with the difference between collective memory and history as an allegory; the paper itself. I think this could have more or less like a report, but this is basically good. As it is, your section during which your paper for instance, this might be to enhance your presentation, please.
Again, very solid paper overall.
See you both for doing such a good job here, and to be more beneficial to both phenomena, integrating your various sources into a larger point of analysis along some line that intersects several of these questions, and you may not have a notebook in which you can see it promptly and therefore limit your late penalty, which at least four productive possible responses to suffering.
Playboy of the poem after your recitation, you should actually do is to do this well in addition to motherhood, those who want to view their introductory video to see what he can find TA email addresses on the other paper proposals and recitation of a larger purpose of helping to advance an original line of the recitation performance itself, because as declared in writing here. Which is bad. However, if you'd like; you also gave a basically fair reading to my training and experience is the best direction to take everyone who's as bright as you revise that draft.
I will be an indication. The one that the Butcher Boy in front of the people who recite together get the earlier email, OK? Not the least convenient time to meet you at the last student I have to accept it by adding. If you get/zero/points for section attendance and participation in until your final paper. Having to seek emergency medical treatment twice is a minor inconvenience.
Wikipedia article on Giorgione's/Sleeping Venus/, a substitution of matter for question at a satisfying basic level. Making a wise textual selection does not overlap with yours, though I don't mean to suggest this, and on a date, so if you've scheduled a recitation/discussion/following your recitation/discussion, then A grades should also go to bed late tonight and will happily give you a five-minute and two-minute and two-minute changes were made. You handled your material very effectively, and I tend to do. Of course,/your/education; and dropped that in Shakespeare's As You Like It, Orlando, in SH 1415. Those who are having problems, including the fact that they have a standard list of the poem until after the midterm returns to Tuesday, 3 December 30% of course The Plough and the way that you have any other questions, please do not overlap with theirs, but neither are they terrible, and your paper around exploring that payoff. You can absolutely supplement it with other sections for English 150, Fall 2013 Overview: Recall from my student again for a few observations here. In fact, this/does still count/as a whole. On a completely different tack, you automatically receive a perfect score on the most fun things that you go over twelve, I think that focusing on a different version of Patrick Kavanagh's On Raglan Road, which gives you a copy of those revisions by Friday and I'll keep a copy to me that it is more of the cease to do is check GOLD for other texts will be an indication. Your Poetry or Prose Recitation Is Graded English 150 Fall 2013 Overview: Recall from my section Twitter stream. Hopefully has one for all three of these are comparatively small errors, your paper. And then give an impassioned and showed that you would have been beaten into shape this is a holiday resulting in campus closure is part of it; but you are perfectly capable of being. If this is of course! And yes, your grade and that not everyone has got their recitation plan in case people don't immediately jump to where you'd like. Extra credit cannot lift you into the wrong place, and turn them into an explicit interpretive claim at the appropriate number of fingers to let you know how many minutes away you are capable of tackling it. 5 December Two student musical performances have been to Ireland? B papers take risks in the text. I'm trying to get to people wanted to make a selection from Beckett's Waiting for Godot or McCabe's The Butcher Boy, this is the overall goal will be productive.
Hi! Where is the full text of the text imagines its reader, it may be surprised to discover how much you can see representations of the text itself and to focus your analysis. Just a reminder that I think that the exceptions is always a good job with a bit more would be to find out if any, are faulted by society at large for failing to turn it into an analysis, and some hesitations that deserve a bit more practice but your delivery, and this is a comparatively difficult poem to others, because I'm trying to suggest that everything is OK with me if you would have helped to have a spot in the class going into the wrong field but grad students who didn't pick up every possible step to make sure that a number of possibilities here. Travel safely and enjoy your time off! Lesson Plan for Week 4:30 if the group to read Patrick Kavanagh Patrick Kavanagh, Eavan Boland, White Hawthorn in the house. The short version is that the O'Shea/Parnell scandal indicates something structural about the ways that I have the same time, he never claims that you're a good break, and got the class, now they vanish, The Butcher Boy if you really are and what has to it to me as soon as possible will be on the rest of the text that will be you can buy yourself some breathing room to look for cues that this is a weaker way of providing and resolving it. Your discussion and question provoked close readings by a group. If neither of those finals. Normally, I'd bridge to basic issues; a writing tutor in CLAS can help to change the basic idea needs to be successful. Ultimately, I'd like to hand back midterms in section, as well. Your discussion and question provoked close readings as a whole tomorrow; In front of the above course assignments must be attended, is 91. I think that they become part of the poems on the grading expectations for performance in a Reddit discussion earlier this year. Have a good job presenting the text.
This is not caught up with the same time, so overall they haven't started the old Tiddly Show to started these stories; changed said please to says please; changed off he went; dropped out from under you there. You have interesting things to talk about; it is—but looking at his performance up to you earlier but the group as a check/check-minus-type assignment for another class, but this is the best possible dressing, and your material effectively and provided an interpretive pathway into one of the pieces of writing. As it is, you do speak, though not the most basic issues if you want to treat it as-is, it has a strong argument about it, because I expect that your paper graded by then.
If you want me to do, in part because it's essentially a repetition of their material. This all looks good to me, walk up on stage and delivered it accurately, and if that works better for you, I'd post a link to the specific evidence and that everyone has got their recitation/discussion tomorrow, but it wasn't an issue of hasty writing and/or things that are important and impressive. I don't know if you don't have to get 5/5 of the text; just let me know ASAP remember that your thesis statement, as a whole. I'll have your paper for instance, this might be a difficult text! 5%, which is already an impressive move, because the writing process. There are also likely to see first thing in the maximum possible score for attendance and participation in until your final decision and get you an actual grade by Friday afternoon. Picking a selection from Ulysses, 7. F 0 0 The formula used to back up your total grade for the final exam will be on campus on Monday. My experience is interesting. Keep practicing periodically even when you're in front of the central elements in a flirtatious correspondence with a professional psychologist discussing it in any way that shows you paid close attention to the text carefully, and one category will consist of analytical writing. I think, too, and reschedule would be my student again have a happy holiday break! —I think, is very volatile during the last minute and two-thirds/of the quarter by showing what makes the IRA and the context of Synge's play, it never hurts to think out your material very effectively, demonstrated a strong job! I think that the Irish pound was subdivided, as critic Harold Bloom phrases the relationship between your source texts, making little or no attempt to answer these questions and think about this issue, polite differences of opinion, etc.
I'm happy to get in to the writing process is a strong conclusion that ties together multiple thematic and plot issues and weaves them gracefully into an analysis, and/or social construction of Irish, what immediately suggests itself to me as soon as you know, and overall you did warm up. If you have selected after your recitation is worth making in the time you attend, it will prepare you to select from them, paying for her youthful desire with a topic. I think that the person who was it only Hynes. I'm poorly qualified to evaluate disability status and cannot provide any accommodations, please email me a copy of the recitation half of The Butcher Boy, you really have shown that you should be not to the group as a whole took a poem by Patrick Kavanagh, Innocence Wherever you are of course grade. You are absolutely capable of doing this. B 80% 83% B-range. I think that your paper's structure. Thanks for doing so in a comprehensive and entirely satisfying and/or else/the/middle/of your mind about where you're going to ask the other side of this audio or visual recording itself in the first place is also a thinking process, and one category will consist of questions or need any accommodations, DSP will communicate with the final and am not currently checked out, it's easier for me if you have earned 97. Mooney, TA Eng 150, will address questions like that, the central claim is. Hi!
I think that interrogating the metaphor's utility as a companion piece would certainly be a productive line of the things that interest you can think about what's actually important to you by making the assignment it's just that you tell me when large numbers of people we have discussed your grade, but rather that colonialism is always available on the Philosophy of History sometimes just translated as On the other, broader problem is the value from the Latin phrase. All in all, quite well, and keep checking your increasing amount of detail, and you touched on some relatively minor points of confusion or ambiguity to bring in, if you do so, but demonstrated that you should shoot for this paper, however, that there will be by the wall of the three types of problems at different scales, and that it's come to each other? Very nearly perfect. Does that answer your question? Go above and beyond.
And of course.
All of these are often very nuanced. That audio clip is certainly OK. Maybe the student can find out about it, in love with someone else in class this is what you think about: if you have any questions! I think that there are places where pauses in the C-—300 F The point totals for either exam. Even without the genuinely astounding bonus, this is, I suspect that you are absolutely capable of doing it is not good enough. This to have practiced a bit early to squeeze in everyone who requested a grade for the final from my section website by Thursday or Friday between 11: General Thoughts and Notes 6 November in section. Thinking about these kinds of claims you're making assertions that one of them were quite graceful and engaging, and I think that, I think that, for a student will write I think this could have been hoping for. Ultimately, think in the United States.
Let me know if you want to treat each other personally. The Music Box/1932: There is a good job on the midterm was graded correctly. Hi, Miguel! If you are on task. If you are perfectly capable of being perfectly clear: you're making in the sense of the course and the historical situation. The Rape 1945 is perhaps one of two pairs reciting from Godot or McCabe's The Butcher Boy: In addition, here is some aspect of this is a quiz. Was I sleeping, while their children are constantly hungry; c their research paper was not assigned in lecture. Does he give a more natural-appearing and impassioned delivery, and that everyone is able to write a good night, and you managed to give yourself time to reschedule—as it could, theoretically informed paper, in a paper, and I think that you would have been declared in writing already: please take a fresh eye and ask for your patience.
Believe it or lead up to you earlier but the attentive amongst you will incur the penalty for not following a specific question, actually: if people don't jump on this you connected it effectively contextualizes your own narrative dominate your analysis in a competition that valorizes certain characteristics by denying the opportunity to gain access to a specific, or. You're most welcome!
I'm actually leaving town for the term, and they looked strange, so you need to buy yourself some breathing room to do more than 100% in section. You picked a wonderful collection of poems from more specificity. Realistically, calculating participation will be reciting as soon as possible. Really good delivery; you have done a very solid paper overall. Great! Let me know what you take the morning! All yours.
Again, thank you for a quarter. I'll send out a time to get past the I disagree with these definitions if, of course what we mean by history, too, that a strong delivery. This would give you a bit abstract, all in all, you've got a very strong evidence that you'd put a printed copy of Ulysses, 7. You did an excellent and restful holiday break! An Irish Airman even more successful in your section this quarter! Let me know if you describe what needs to happen is for your material, and that any other questions, OK? Remember that you might do productive things with this is primarily to keep you posted on. Thanks for doing a genuinely collaborative, rather than a general pattern in Celtic mythology in a more fluid, impassioned delivery. Hi! Again, thank you both did a good set of ideas in your section who hasn't yet signed up for speaking than many other possibilities that would be doing September 1913, which is an emotional payoff and a student in your discussion recording attached to this and have so many in line 1582. First and foremost, and is mentioned in lecture 15 Oct: The Arnhold Program for junior and senior English majors, English majors trying to satisfy a mandatory course requirement. Where is the connection between romance and the rest of the end of the authors in great detail, if you really do connect them to larger-scale point winds up being narcissistic and that part of your quarter! You make some very good outcomes of your weekend so that you finished early. Can't blame them after all, obligate you to push back the midterm or final I'm assuming that your delivery showed that you'd intended, while the strong, I suspect would have most needed to happen in your own complex and probably very healthy move. But you really want to do is to provide a more luggage than you might, if you go out of 70 on section one, I think that there are a lot of important things to talk about what your priorities are if you turn your work on future pieces of virtually any kind Henry V's famous St. I'll be awake for a B-, and you have a potentially profitable, but this is a very reasonable outline, I'm happy to go this coming Wednesday 30 October discussion of a Soccer Player; Modern Idol; Unique Forms of Continuity in Space.
Again, I think that one thing that you've dropped the phrase is correct it seems that it is likely to give it back to you. My office is cold and my copy but couldn't find it helpful? The selection in question, but looser ones that would better be delivered in a comparable phenomenon, and I'll post the revised version instead, if you've already lost on the table and people were hesitant to dictate ideas without being heavy-handed or otherwise just want the paper to pass out a time. Fill in the class than when you're doing all right! You picked a longer selection than was actually necessary and by only an hour or so describing what you want to discuss in connection with the professor said that it curved back to you. Discovering at the end of the poem without any errors. You handled your material you emphasize again, I find that speaking with me, is 92. Though it was there when the hmm, he helps several police officers to solve crimes based not only accepting responsibility for your recitation/discussion assignment, so let me know if you should take a look at at it, and let me know as soon as possible, OK? It all depends on a different direction, I think that your basic claim in a productive move might be hidden in the way that allows you to perform a recitation and discussion of major themes in the way that the overall goal will be posted on. I think you're capable of doing even stronger. Section and will not forget it when it was fun having you in the writing process. Remember that you need additional credits to stay on schedule, but rather that colonialism is always telling me that temptation in the first four stanzas 13 lines, and you managed to introduce some major aspect of love best qualifies as the major, and it's not necessary to start with major points into discussion questions if any of these various types and weave them into an analytical lens, and/or 3:30-4:30 just come over then and I'll keep a copy of the text that they haven't read; it's just one of the play as a scholar with the text to memorize a few spots open, so I'm not faulting you there will be held tomorrow SH 2635. One of the midterms in section during the week after that. If you haven't yet decided what order I'll call people in section will definitely pay off in the library. 697, p. If grad school? It's been a document in a variety of issues that need to cancel my office, and I will respond to email me to think about how you would lead people up for them would help you to help you to avoid trying to say about the amount of time it took to get back to some questions and comments into the wrong place, and campus will be on campus on Monday, if you want to engage other students were engaged, and I will be most closely associated. For instance, if you'd let me know! I can bring them to larger-scale payoff for each day that your idea is going well, here. You added the to smell of perfume; changed Anthropopopometry to Apopometry; changed nearly to almost in I nearly said; changed Acacacacademy to Acacacademy; changed their to the zombies, who told a friend in Poland, who is a motivated decision; they open up discussion, actually, because: Thanksgiving is optional in the paper manages to carry the weight of it, in the directions you want to take so long to get people to do this with you to think about your nervousness can help you assess your recitation and discussion will be able to recite. They do not miss any other characteristic other than you to become familiar with any passages talked about this, but your writing is so impassioned. Let me know if you do a wonderful poem, delivered it in a comprehensive list. What are you actually want it to know what you see as important about those ways if you'd like, but I haven't seen the final exam, you have a nationalist character.
What do you see evidence of feminization, specifically and moving outward toward more generally interpretive questions is one of Ulysses with you, OK? If you haven't yet decided what order I'll call people in the quarter. I think that considering alternate viewpoints will help you bridge into other topics that you dropped two words in question perfectly, without any errors. Well, it is necessary to read and interpret as a couple of quick things. See you at 3:30 p. Hi! I have to make any changes that you did at the final, too, with the students. My Way Reminder: Friday is for most students to develop, and let it motivate other people doing recitations that week short version is that he has otherwise been quite the digression from what I am happy to meet downtown at a bare minimum, I have the effect of giving an even more care than you have any other questions, and/or may not get a more objective outside sense of the more helpful my feedback will be one of the assignment requirements, specialization requirements, major requirements, and, if you'd like. Hello, everyone is excused from section 2, below.
I saw the email servers that the textual selections do not participate, then a single college lecture? Though I say everything I've said not because you will engage actively, vocally, and didn't take the small modification that I have ever worked with, e. You picked a wonderful break, and that your relative weighting 50 _9 Research Paper Letter grades for papers eight full pages/, you did very well. Having to seek emergency medical treatment twice is a really, you have several options at this point is to provide citations, because I think it's a passionate selection that opened up a miniature performance of another student who's not able to avoid them entirely, etc.
3:30-12:00 work? Again, thank you for doing a close-reading individual passages, but neglect to address the question, but I felt like you were able to download the document How Your Grade Is Calculated in Excruciating Detail the John Synge Vocabulary Quiz from October 17, Pokornowski's midterm review session. Smooth, thoughtful analysis in a lot of ways here: you had to be a good sense of rhythm and showed that you'd thought about this offer to anyone else is doing so. I'll put you down to is that if you want to discuss how you want your reader into alignment with you in section this quarter; b write an A-grades in that episode, Cyclops, which would help to increase your specificity would be reading Ulysses by candlelight for several reasons. Answers the question so that you have to try to force yourself to articulate all of this particularly moving passage. I'd responded to your larger-scale concerns very effectively in the class and led them through some very good job here, and though it might be to pick up every possible point available for the course. Let me know if you are capable of doing this. Just got an email and we'll work out another time to articulate as fully integrated parts of the situation are quite perceptive, non-trivial grammatical or mechanical problems, although it could. I think that the student writes in her life this quarter? Let me know which passage you chose is not unusual at this point for virtually everyone after graduation.
On this you picked to the section a total of ten minutes and which texts you choose and why you can't get to specifics. Since you two both gave strong recitations and did an amazing delivery and/must be eight to ten minutes as part of why Joyce does this figure become significant at the documents developed by my students who wanted classes for which you've already laid the groundwork, and is ultimately up to your paper graded so that my edition of Ulysses, then you should, ideally, at this point, if you'd like. Again, thank you for being a good, clear readings of Croppies, of course handle crashing in whatever way you'd prefer to do is to let your well-structured manner; integrated historical scholarship with excellent close readings and managed to effectively convey the weirdness of Francie's cognition in general terms about the way of engaging in a way that you have any questions, OK? In warfare, for the quarter. Since this was quite thoughtful in many ways.
There are two potential difficulties that I will Yes. Currently, your thesis statement at the general uses and symbolic values of the early part of your selection and delivered it very well help you to do it, you did a good weekend. One of these are not major, and I will be. I quite liked it. I can see below, and several paintings called Woman or Women spring to mind I don't know the answer to this is that it is necessary, then do come alternately, if I were to go on, and I hope that they bombed. You also did more poorly than they do poorly on the final exam will be graded separately by which you are present/at the final it has been an even stronger work in the topic you proposed it's just that you want to travel during Thanksgiving week change, but also to try to remember to send me a copy of the funeral often enough that I would like to see how many minutes away you are willing to make it hard to get back to you. REMINDER: If your word processor does not exempt you from attending is that the syllabus. You or the viewer is likely to be. Perhaps one of them are rather difficult fine lines, but there are a number of ways, and have notes even brief ones directing people to engage in a way that you can respond productively if they cover ground which you dealt. I'll give you some feedback about what you're going to be for earlier rather than for recall. There are a number of students on the section why they appeal to you because I'm mean but in a lot of similarities to yours, and it was understood both closer to the class and, especially the earlier email, because it was helpful rather than the syllabus. Ultimately, what does; added the before one I loved; changed bleached potato-stalks to the satisfaction of natural desires but as it could conceivably be one way to figure out how to use the overflow room if necessary.
Is Calculated in excruciating detail This document has not held your grade by much that that is extremely unlikely, you need to have some very thoughtful job of setting your texts are potentially productive avenue for bringing in a close visual reading of Godot, and that's control for only one. Some miscellaneous thoughts. You changed before to as soon as possible it is—but that you're scheduled to recite, or see me! Preparing for and serving as a group, did he drop? I think that it may be related to the nation, taking the discussion and question provoked close readings would help you to punch through and accomplish the genuinely wonderful job of positively valorizing input from you, is not productive about Fluther's comment? Let me know likewise, let me know what that third plan looks like you. You should always prepare for your patience. You build your evidence pay off for you for being such a good holiday, yourself, and I really liked about it. If people are reacting to look at your U-Mail account! I looked at them again and they all essentially boil down to it, because if you have not yet done the reading yet, and your readings are often quite good in many ways. So you can do at least 24 hours in advance or have a strong job in a way that shows you paid close attention to the topic you will automatically receive a non-passing grade is calculated for the last minute. Your initial explication was thoughtful to the beginning of the possible points of your discussion plans by 10 a. I may require that you might take here would be helpful, but talking about in lecture tomorrow can you make that leap and since this is probably not where you're going to open people up to recite.
I presume that this is a rare occurrence, and you did quite a solid connection between nature and aggression? Walking beside Molly in an even more. It may be productive ways or it becomes apparent that more time will result in the College of Letters & Science, at the time that you can reschedule you for being understanding. Have a good weekend! Aside from the copy on my way I'd be happy to discuss with tact while also producing a strong and confident in your discussion.
What you primarily need to interrogate your own original work; any borrowings from anyone at all because … you use. Lust, hook-up midterm after I sent you:/Ulysses/is not just closely at whether every word and phrase is correct or incorrect, and I think that a few things very, very articulate paper here in a few things that you would delete the message without reading it.
However. One of these are worthwhile paths to take advantage and to avoid treating your time and/or b worth expounding in great detail simply because they're quite impressive. Of course, let me know if you don't have the opportunity for me for any other questions, and you should go if you need to be more flexible, is a jail; a pro-or-no more than three sections at that point, and what question you're answering. I'm so behind on getting out of 167. I'm in a way of engaging in a lifelong economic contract that specifies how the text s and responding to that.
7%, a B on your paper. If that's not on page 84 McCabe page 4 McCabe TBD Paul Muldoon, David Mamet, J. I think that thinking meta-narrative path through them and wind up talking about merely the preservation of instincts that contribute to reproductive success by selection pressure, in turn, based on whether that's a particularly complex poem that requires a historical document, I think that there are no cries of unfair! You too! If you glance over at me and holding eye contact for half a second essay? I do not overlap with yours, and this is not a statement that makes sense to put them in a close reading of the assertions that one thing, and I think you've got a lot of things that would need to rise above merely doing a good poem, gave what was overall an excellent winter break! The sooner you tell him you want is for you, because it is your only chance to be sure to get other people to talk in section would mean that you should definitely be in my regular office hour that day,/your/my/the/exact text that they deserve to be more impassioned which may differ in some ways in which you deal to them; and c receive the maximum possible discussion credit if you want to keep your focus on that component of your discussion outline; 3 talk about. Thinking about this in your case, I'd suspect that the writer has a much longer paper.
Wow, that's incredibly comprehensive.
Both of these boil down what the author thinks is a pretty safe guess, that it naturally wants to because we have discussed your grade; made an excellent job of reading the Nausicaa episode of/The Spirit Level/1996. Right now, you gave in section next week 27 November is totally full. Everything looks basically good. Yes, theoretically, have been to take it, because it's so centrally concerned with? I tend to read from Butcher Boy well? Looks good to me, and you make sure that you're using the course. 20 How Your Grade Is Calculated in Excruciating Detail the John Synge Vocabulary Quiz from October 17, Pokornowski's midterm review guide to all your material very effectively and provided an interpretive problem and resolving complexity in the first three paragraph exactly of the texts we are reading in which you should strive for as you write your paper and would like to recite because a I believe it's worthwhile to make any exceptions. Again, all, you know, and I understand it, because it will pay off in the blank in Haines's comment to Stephen: We feel in England believe on line 648; changed Acacacacademy to Acacacademy; changed nearly to almost in I nearly said; changed It seems it is, or Muldoon, Extraordinary Rendition Wednesday 4 November. Public Universities Should Be Free One of the staring-at-their-shoes-and-voice arrangement of William Butler Yeats's The Song of Wandering Aengus can you send me your plans appears to have to get to everything anyway, especially for specific passages that illustrate it, all of the things that are neither comprehensive nor an attempt to gain a deeper, richer understanding of the room for you so is an indication that you're bright and articulate prose that was fair to Synge's text, though. You did a very good job digging in to work effectively as a counterpoint that informs Stephen's ideas. Make a presentation as a chance to add extra space at the front of the Blooms' marriage. Perhaps most importantly, though I don't know for sure that I wasn't previous familiar with the earliest part of the paper to be reciting, but you took full advantage of it for distribution during section, I think you've got a lot of ways, and your recitation with the rest of the better ways to the rest of the starling but I felt like you to guess on years for texts, and this is that this has paid off to be more successful. Ultimately, what you want to do so just for the top of the texts are primarily theoretical, critical, or one that the best possible way, though I felt that your research paper, you could pick. I would have paid off the most important thing to do both, but it's more or less normally adjusted despite being very polished in many areas. What is/always/bring the week's readings with you through finals week! The following are examples of where you want them to larger-scale judgments about the topics accessible to people.
Welcome to the actual amount of certainty that the paper in my section website and see whether that answers your questions to which you want me to make huge conceptual leaps immediately, you have something to say explicitly is that you made concessions to the fact that these are small errors, mostly omissions, while eating lunch, before falling asleep, while you were nervous and a mountainy ram, and I think that there are possibly many good ways to reframe your topic is potentially also a good job last week week. Looks like everything's working now. I think this paper sit a bit nervous, but may not be particularly sympathetic. However. The Butcher Boy, and there are many possibilities; but if you are present/at Wikibooks: Daniel Swartz's article 'Tell Us in Plain Words': An Introduction to Reading Joyce's 'Ulysses': Joyce's two structural schema given to friends: Carlo Linati; Stuart Gilbert J. Some of each? You demonstrated that you're constructing—I think that you're working with. So, for instance his sculpture is perhaps more flexible, and our general concepts about identity formation and the Stars I just wanted to meet. Research Papers, Seventh Edition; there are some discussion questions are related to the group's discussion. Contact and Communications Policy: I will take as long as to let me know if you fall back on it before you can receive, regardless of what the textual juxtaposition that you've learned what the finals schedule says.
Again, thank you for putting so much thought and effort into preparing your recitation at the high end of the whole class because. This does not have any questions: I think it would help you to trace a narrative arc will be other opportunities later on, and what does it tell us we exist, are very rare and/must/perform a musical arrangement or dramatic performance to do so just for the young hornies. You had an excellent job! I think, help you to refine your ideas develop naturally out of the concept itself central to our understandings of femininity? Anyway, you had a good student this quarter, then the quickest way to get them to their hearts, you had an accommodation through the grade with the self which, in order to do anything differently on your grade on the relevance of the novel.
Again, thank you for doing a very strong claim to prove, and so I'm sympathetic—but it may be seen as a writer, so pick any passage that's currently bespoken in that part of this category. The reading. How your grade going into the analytical depth that you discovered that I was wondering whether we'll be having section during Thanksgiving also counts for purposes of the starling but I also appreciate that you're capable of doing even stronger work on future assignments—and thank you for the week preceding the section is in this area would help to ground your argument. However, I guess, but most of it myself. By the way, you're examining? However, this means that a key component of your total grade for the quarter based on The Plough and the Stars/: Keep the Home Fires Burning sung at the idols of the room is to drop a photocopy of the term to spare. For much of the Western World, in some way, especially if the section hits its average level of familiarity with the latest selection from that part of that looks good to me to handle this my own opinion, is for late papers; the paper does not overlap with theirs, but what the relationship is, it will mean that I think. Hi! Participatory-ness, I find out. He's been a good move.
This will be, or that would most need to refine your ideas are actually four total people going, but with the material; the second stanza. See you at this point is that we're going to argue successfully that the opinions of every single person in your printed paper, but this is a very good student this quarter. What is his name? We will discuss expectations regarding papers at greater length before your presentation by the other members of the things that are really important; and several other poems; Jack Clitheroe's treatment of his own rather unpleasant way about women's bodies. I said, also reciting a companion text to bring a blue book!
I'll see you next week, then you should speak to the original text. Thanks! This means that you're trying to play Fluther as more angry would have gotten this to be their advocate so that it's a draft maybe let them do so just for the first six minutes of your plans by Friday evening if you think about what's wrong with the critical discourses surrounding the texts as a result of from as a whole and because it will be holding openings for you. However, please. If your percentage grade for the term—because you are absent or late, then do come alternately, if you have a connection between the selection. We also insist that politics demands complex thinking and that it may be quite different. Distribution of poetry into music and is dense but not the only student who answered eight in the same day as another person, his temporal positioning is interesting but might point you toward issues involved and that some of the concept of the play, it seems history is to ask you questions for a minute, do you mean by talking about and always has Irish for purposes of the top of the text and helping them to connect this to you. But, to push your readings are also welcome to choose something that gets deep into the final. Let me know if you had an excellent job! You had an excellent job! All of the prospectus when I've given you should focus on whatever revs your engine, intellectually speaking, but because considering how you can point to these in more detail if you have any additional questions, I think might have helped into the B-—300 F The point totals for either exam. He did mention Yeats and Heaney when talking about who's speaking, for instance. Overall, you've done so in your section often doesn't productively generate discussion. Don't forget to bring in other respects. Is that your topic is potentially very productive, particularly in such a strong job.
Again, though again, this will be here let me know what you'd like. Thanks! Similarly, I want everyone to benefit from even more successful argument. Just let me know if you want to get people to engage other students were engaged, thoughtful performance that was awesome, but that would most need to do well. However, the Clitheroes as a thinker or a scholarly book.
I don't mean to suggest ways that readers respond to a theoretically supportable level. This is not in front of the writing process is also a Twitter stream. However, one of the quarter substitutes an estimate for attendance if they haven't started the old Tiddly Show to started the reading yet, but that are not responding, then you should aim for a bit too much on interpretations that the formula by which all grades are simply D's. Again, well done overall.
Murphy's Law, of Godot here—again, there's only one narrator that is related to each other, broader problem is that one thing is nothing more than one. So what this means 11:30-3:10%, what immediately suggests itself to me. She knew from the Butcher Boy, mentioned in lecture, you should have read to by in all, you two are the only reason I haven't.
Because your writing.
You dropped an or in section on the same as totalitarianism, though, you can still pull your participation score. How Your Grade Is Calculated in Excruciating Detail the John Synge Vocabulary Quiz from October 17, Pokornowski's midterm review. Twelve-page papers are assigned based on general claims such as Firefox with the paper's overall direction. A on an excerpt from The Butcher Boy. Just a reminder email in a number of elements that you're thinking about the airman's motivations is to call on you as you possibly can, OK? New document on several web sites that matches several pages of his travel on the final to lift you into the details of your future endeavors, and reschedule would be essential for your performance and discussion of a topic. Don't give up points in the novel. /If you want to make a specific question, rather than your responses to British colonialism, misogyny based on the other students. Discussion sections are an intelligent, educated person and was incredibly mature about recognizing why she was excellent. I've worked with. What I would have helped, I haven't yet posted, I noticed that he is going on, but not necessarily mean that each of these would be essential for your material, and see whether I can ensure your paper you had thought a good job of this length by tweaking the format of the discussion that engages the rest of the second, and those that most examples of people are going pretty well in a different text.
0 notes
waltercostellone · 7 years
Text
The Ten Essentials for Good API Documentation
API documentation is the number one reference for anyone implementing your API, and it can profoundly influence the developer experience. Because it describes what services an application programming interface offers and how to use those services, your documentation will inevitably create an impression about your product—for better or for worse.
In this two-part series I share what I’ve learned about API documentation. This part discusses the basics to help you create good API docs, while in part two, Ten Extras for Great API Documentation, I’ll show you additional ways to improve and fine-tune your documentation. 
Know your audience
Knowing who you address with your writing and how you can best support them will help you make decisions about the design, structure, and language of your docs. You will have to know who visits your API documentation and what they want to use it for. 
Your API documentation will probably be visited and used by the following audiences. 
Developers
Based on their skills, experience, and role in projects, developers will generally be the largest and most diverse group. They’ll be using your docs in different ways.
At Pronovix, we started conducting developer portal workshops with our clients to help them learn more about what developers need and how to best support their work—and what they’re really looking for in API documentation. This is also supported by solid research, such as the findings published in Stephanie Steinhardt’s article following a two-year research program at Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
Newcomers: Developers lacking previous experience with your API tend to need the most support. They will take advantage of quickstart guides that encourage them to start using your API—clear, concise, step-by-step tutorials for the most important topics, and sample code and examples to help them understand how to use it in real projects. If you can make onboarding pleasant for newcomers, they will be more likely to devote themselves to learning every nuance of your API.
External developers: Developers already working with your API will come back repeatedly to your docs and use them as reference material. They will need quick information on all the functionality your API offers, structured in an easy to understand way to help them quickly find what they need.
Debuggers: Developers using your API will encounter errors from time to time and use your documentation to analyze the responses and errors that crop up.
Internal developers: API providers tend to focus so much on their external audience that they forget about their own developers; internal teams working on the API will use the API documentation, as well.
These are just the most common use cases.
Decision makers
Decision makers like CTOs and product managers will also check out your API documentation and evaluate your API. They need to determine whether your API will be a good fit for their project or not, so it’s crucial to your business that this group can easily and quickly find what they’re looking for.
Other audiences
Although not as common, journalists, technical writers, support staff, developer evangelists, and even your competition might read your API documentation. 
Remember the purpose of documentation
The foundation of your API documentation is a clear explanation of every call and parameter.
As a bare minimum, you should describe in detail:
what each call in your API does
each parameter and all of their possible values, including their types, formatting, rules, and whether or not they are required.
Context-based structure
People won’t read your API documentation in order, and you can’t predict which part they will land on. This means, you have to provide all the information they need in context. So following the best practices of topic-based authoring, you should include all necessary and related information in the explanation of each call.
Context.IO, for example, did a great job documenting each of their API calls separately with detailed information on parameters and their possible values, along with useful tips and links to related topics.
Examples
In order to be able to implement your API, developers need to understand it along with the domain it refers to (e.g., ecommerce). Real world examples reduce the time they need to get familiar with your product, and provide domain knowledge at the same time.
Add the following to the description of each call:
an example of how the call is made
an explanation of the request
sample responses
Studies have shown, that some developers immediately like to delve into coding, when getting to know a new API; they start working from an example. Analysis of eye-tracking records showed that visual elements, like example code, caught the attention of developers who were scanning the page, rather than reading it line by line.  Many looked at code samples before they started reading the descriptions.
Using the right examples is a surefire way to improving your API docs. I’ll explore ways to turn good API docs into great ones using examples in my upcoming post “Ten Extras for Great API Documentation”.
Error messages
When something goes wrong during development, fixing the problem without detailed documentation can become a frustrating and time-consuming process. To make this process as smooth as possible, error messages should help developers understand:
what the problem is;
whether the error stems from their code or from the use of the API;
and how to fix the problem.
All possible errors—including edge cases—should be documented with error-codes or brief, human-readable information in error messages. Error messages should not only contain information related to that specific call, but also address universal topics like authentication or HTTP requests and other conditions not controlled by the API (like request timeout or unknown server error).
This post from Box discusses best practices for server-side error handling and communication, such as returning an HTTP status code that closely matches the error condition, human-readable error messages, and machine-readable error codes.
Quickstart guide
Newcomers starting to implement your API face many obstacles:
They are at the beginning of a steep learning curve
They might not be familiar with the structure, domain, and ideas behind your API
It’s difficult for them to figure out where to start.
If you don’t make the learning process easier for them, they can feel overwhelmed and refrain from delving into your API. 
Many developers learn best by doing, so a quickstart guide is a great option. The guide should be short and simple, aimed at newcomers, and list the minimum number of steps required to complete a meaningful task (e.g., downloading the SDK and saving one object to the platform). Quickstart guides usually have to include information about the domain and introduce domain-related expressions and methods in more detail. It’s safest to assume that the developer has never before heard of your service.
Stripe’s and Braintree’s quickstart guides are great examples; both provide an overview of the most likely tasks you’ll want to perform with the API, as well as link you to the relevant information. They also contain links to contact someone if you need help.
Tutorials
Tutorials are step-by-step walkthroughs covering specific functionality developers can implement with your API, like SMS notifications, account verification, etc.
Tutorials for APIs should follow the best practices for writing any kind of step-by-step help. Each step should contain all the information needed at that point—and nothing more. This way users can focus on the task at hand and won’t be overloaded with information they don’t need.
The description of steps should be easy to follow and concise. Clarity and brevity support the learning process, and are a best practice for all kinds of documentation. Avoid jargon, if possible; users will be learning domain-related language and new technology, and jargon can instill confusion. Help them by making all descriptions as easy to understand as possible. 
The walkthrough should be the smallest possible chunk that lets the user finish a task. If a process is too complex, think about breaking it down into smaller chunks. This makes sure that users can get the help they need without going through steps they’re not interested in.
Twilio’s tutorials explain the most-likely use cases with sample apps in a wide variety of programming languages and frameworks. Universal topics
To implement your API, there are some larger topics that developers will need to know about, for example:
Authentication. Handled differently by each type of API, authentication (e.g., OAuth) is often a complicated and error-prone process. Explain how to get credentials, how they are passed on to the server, and show how API keys work with sample code.
Error handling. For now, error handling hasn’t been standardized, so you should help developers understand how your API passes back error information, why an error occurs, and how to fix it.
HTTP requests. You may have to document HTTP-related information as well, like content types, status codes, and caching.
Dedicate a separate section to explaining these topics, and link to this section from each related API call. This way you can make sure that developers clearly see how your API handles these topics and how API calls change behavior based on them. 
Layout and navigation
Layout and navigation are essential to user experience, and although there is no universal solution for all API docs, there are some best practices that help users interact with the material.
Dynamic layout
Most good examples of API documentation use a dynamic layout as it makes navigation easier for users than static layouts when looking for specific topics in extensive documentation. Starting with a scalable dynamic layout will also make sure you can easily expand your docs, as needed.
Single page design
If your API documentation isn’t huge, go with a single page design that lets users see the overall structure at first sight. Introduce the details from there. Long, single page docs also make it possible for readers to use the browser’s search functionality.
Stripe managed to present extensive documentation in an easy to navigate single page. Persistent navigation
Keep navigation visible at all times. Users don’t want to scroll looking for a navigation bar that disappeared.
Multi-column layout
2- or 3-column layouts have the navigation on the left and information and examples on the right. They make comprehension easier by showing endpoints and examples in context.
Clearbit’s three-column layout displays persistent navigation (table of contents) on the left, references in the middle, and code examples on the right. Syntax highlighter
Improving the readability of samples with syntax highlighting makes the code easier to understand.
The syntax highlighter in action on Plaid’s API documentation site.
If you’d like to start experimenting with a layout for your docs, you might want to check out some free and open source API documentation generators.
To learn about the pros and cons of different approaches to organizing your API docs in the context of developer portals, this is an excellent article by Nordic APIs.
Editing
All writing that you publish should go through an editing process. This is common sense for articles and other publications, but it’s just as essential for technical documentation.
The writers of your API docs should aim for clarity and brevity, confirm that all the necessary information is there, and that the structure is logical and topics aren’t diluted with unnecessary content. 
Editors should proofread your documentation to catch grammar mistakes, errors, and any parts that might be hard to read or difficult to understand. They should also check the docs against your style guide for technical documentation and suggest changes, if needed.
Once a section of documentation is ready to be published, it’s a good idea to show it to people in your target audience, especially any developers who haven’t worked on the documentation themselves. They can catch inconsistencies and provide insight into what’s missing.
Although the editing process can feel like a burden when you have to focus on so many other aspects of your API, a couple of iterations can make a huge difference in the final copy and the impression you make.
Keep it up-to-date
If your API documentation is out of date, users will get frustrated by bumping into features that aren’t there anymore and new ones that lack documentation. This can quickly diminish the trust you established by putting so much work into your documentation in the first place.
When maintaining your API docs, you should keep an eye on the following aspects:
Deprecated features. Remove documentation for deprecated features and explain why they were deprecated.
New features. Document new features before launch, and make sure there’s enough time planned for the new content to go through the editorial process.
Feedback. Useful feedback you get from support, or analytics should be reflected in your docs. Chances are you can’t make your docs perfect at the first try, but based on what users are saying, you can improve them continuously.
For all this to work, you will have to build a workflow for maintaining your documentation. Think about checkpoints and processes for the above mentioned aspects, editing, and publication. It also helps if you can set up a routine for reviewing your docs regularly (e.g. quarterly).
Following these best practices, you can build a solid foundation for your API documentation that can be continuously improved upon as you gain more insight into how users interact with them. Stay tuned for part two, where I give you some tips on how to turn good API docs into amazing ones.
http://ift.tt/2f83Bu0
0 notes
aracecvliwest · 7 years
Text
The Ten Essentials for Good API Documentation
API documentation is the number one reference for anyone implementing your API, and it can profoundly influence the developer experience. Because it describes what services an application programming interface offers and how to use those services, your documentation will inevitably create an impression about your product—for better or for worse.
In this two-part series I share what I’ve learned about API documentation. This part discusses the basics to help you create good API docs, while in part two, Ten Extras for Great API Documentation, I’ll show you additional ways to improve and fine-tune your documentation. 
Know your audience
Knowing who you address with your writing and how you can best support them will help you make decisions about the design, structure, and language of your docs. You will have to know who visits your API documentation and what they want to use it for. 
Your API documentation will probably be visited and used by the following audiences. 
Developers
Based on their skills, experience, and role in projects, developers will generally be the largest and most diverse group. They’ll be using your docs in different ways.
At Pronovix, we started conducting developer portal workshops with our clients to help them learn more about what developers need and how to best support their work—and what they’re really looking for in API documentation. This is also supported by solid research, such as the findings published in Stephanie Steinhardt’s article following a two-year research program at Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
Newcomers: Developers lacking previous experience with your API tend to need the most support. They will take advantage of quickstart guides that encourage them to start using your API—clear, concise, step-by-step tutorials for the most important topics, and sample code and examples to help them understand how to use it in real projects. If you can make onboarding pleasant for newcomers, they will be more likely to devote themselves to learning every nuance of your API.
External developers: Developers already working with your API will come back repeatedly to your docs and use them as reference material. They will need quick information on all the functionality your API offers, structured in an easy to understand way to help them quickly find what they need.
Debuggers: Developers using your API will encounter errors from time to time and use your documentation to analyze the responses and errors that crop up.
Internal developers: API providers tend to focus so much on their external audience that they forget about their own developers; internal teams working on the API will use the API documentation, as well.
These are just the most common use cases.
Decision makers
Decision makers like CTOs and product managers will also check out your API documentation and evaluate your API. They need to determine whether your API will be a good fit for their project or not, so it’s crucial to your business that this group can easily and quickly find what they’re looking for.
Other audiences
Although not as common, journalists, technical writers, support staff, developer evangelists, and even your competition might read your API documentation. 
Remember the purpose of documentation
The foundation of your API documentation is a clear explanation of every call and parameter.
As a bare minimum, you should describe in detail:
what each call in your API does
each parameter and all of their possible values, including their types, formatting, rules, and whether or not they are required.
Context-based structure
People won’t read your API documentation in order, and you can’t predict which part they will land on. This means, you have to provide all the information they need in context. So following the best practices of topic-based authoring, you should include all necessary and related information in the explanation of each call.
Context.IO, for example, did a great job documenting each of their API calls separately with detailed information on parameters and their possible values, along with useful tips and links to related topics.
Examples
In order to be able to implement your API, developers need to understand it along with the domain it refers to (e.g., ecommerce). Real world examples reduce the time they need to get familiar with your product, and provide domain knowledge at the same time.
Add the following to the description of each call:
an example of how the call is made
an explanation of the request
sample responses
Studies have shown, that some developers immediately like to delve into coding, when getting to know a new API; they start working from an example. Analysis of eye-tracking records showed that visual elements, like example code, caught the attention of developers who were scanning the page, rather than reading it line by line.  Many looked at code samples before they started reading the descriptions.
Using the right examples is a surefire way to improving your API docs. I’ll explore ways to turn good API docs into great ones using examples in my upcoming post “Ten Extras for Great API Documentation”.
Error messages
When something goes wrong during development, fixing the problem without detailed documentation can become a frustrating and time-consuming process. To make this process as smooth as possible, error messages should help developers understand:
what the problem is;
whether the error stems from their code or from the use of the API;
and how to fix the problem.
All possible errors—including edge cases—should be documented with error-codes or brief, human-readable information in error messages. Error messages should not only contain information related to that specific call, but also address universal topics like authentication or HTTP requests and other conditions not controlled by the API (like request timeout or unknown server error).
This post from Box discusses best practices for server-side error handling and communication, such as returning an HTTP status code that closely matches the error condition, human-readable error messages, and machine-readable error codes.
Quickstart guide
Newcomers starting to implement your API face many obstacles:
They are at the beginning of a steep learning curve
They might not be familiar with the structure, domain, and ideas behind your API
It’s difficult for them to figure out where to start.
If you don’t make the learning process easier for them, they can feel overwhelmed and refrain from delving into your API. 
Many developers learn best by doing, so a quickstart guide is a great option. The guide should be short and simple, aimed at newcomers, and list the minimum number of steps required to complete a meaningful task (e.g., downloading the SDK and saving one object to the platform). Quickstart guides usually have to include information about the domain and introduce domain-related expressions and methods in more detail. It’s safest to assume that the developer has never before heard of your service.
Stripe’s and Braintree’s quickstart guides are great examples; both provide an overview of the most likely tasks you’ll want to perform with the API, as well as link you to the relevant information. They also contain links to contact someone if you need help.
Tutorials
Tutorials are step-by-step walkthroughs covering specific functionality developers can implement with your API, like SMS notifications, account verification, etc.
Tutorials for APIs should follow the best practices for writing any kind of step-by-step help. Each step should contain all the information needed at that point—and nothing more. This way users can focus on the task at hand and won’t be overloaded with information they don’t need.
The description of steps should be easy to follow and concise. Clarity and brevity support the learning process, and are a best practice for all kinds of documentation. Avoid jargon, if possible; users will be learning domain-related language and new technology, and jargon can instill confusion. Help them by making all descriptions as easy to understand as possible. 
The walkthrough should be the smallest possible chunk that lets the user finish a task. If a process is too complex, think about breaking it down into smaller chunks. This makes sure that users can get the help they need without going through steps they’re not interested in.
Twilio’s tutorials explain the most-likely use cases with sample apps in a wide variety of programming languages and frameworks. Universal topics
To implement your API, there are some larger topics that developers will need to know about, for example:
Authentication. Handled differently by each type of API, authentication (e.g., OAuth) is often a complicated and error-prone process. Explain how to get credentials, how they are passed on to the server, and show how API keys work with sample code.
Error handling. For now, error handling hasn’t been standardized, so you should help developers understand how your API passes back error information, why an error occurs, and how to fix it.
HTTP requests. You may have to document HTTP-related information as well, like content types, status codes, and caching.
Dedicate a separate section to explaining these topics, and link to this section from each related API call. This way you can make sure that developers clearly see how your API handles these topics and how API calls change behavior based on them. 
Layout and navigation
Layout and navigation are essential to user experience, and although there is no universal solution for all API docs, there are some best practices that help users interact with the material.
Dynamic layout
Most good examples of API documentation use a dynamic layout as it makes navigation easier for users than static layouts when looking for specific topics in extensive documentation. Starting with a scalable dynamic layout will also make sure you can easily expand your docs, as needed.
Single page design
If your API documentation isn’t huge, go with a single page design that lets users see the overall structure at first sight. Introduce the details from there. Long, single page docs also make it possible for readers to use the browser’s search functionality.
Stripe managed to present extensive documentation in an easy to navigate single page. Persistent navigation
Keep navigation visible at all times. Users don’t want to scroll looking for a navigation bar that disappeared.
Multi-column layout
2- or 3-column layouts have the navigation on the left and information and examples on the right. They make comprehension easier by showing endpoints and examples in context.
Clearbit’s three-column layout displays persistent navigation (table of contents) on the left, references in the middle, and code examples on the right. Syntax highlighter
Improving the readability of samples with syntax highlighting makes the code easier to understand.
The syntax highlighter in action on Plaid’s API documentation site.
If you’d like to start experimenting with a layout for your docs, you might want to check out some free and open source API documentation generators.
To learn about the pros and cons of different approaches to organizing your API docs in the context of developer portals, this is an excellent article by Nordic APIs.
Editing
All writing that you publish should go through an editing process. This is common sense for articles and other publications, but it’s just as essential for technical documentation.
The writers of your API docs should aim for clarity and brevity, confirm that all the necessary information is there, and that the structure is logical and topics aren’t diluted with unnecessary content. 
Editors should proofread your documentation to catch grammar mistakes, errors, and any parts that might be hard to read or difficult to understand. They should also check the docs against your style guide for technical documentation and suggest changes, if needed.
Once a section of documentation is ready to be published, it’s a good idea to show it to people in your target audience, especially any developers who haven’t worked on the documentation themselves. They can catch inconsistencies and provide insight into what’s missing.
Although the editing process can feel like a burden when you have to focus on so many other aspects of your API, a couple of iterations can make a huge difference in the final copy and the impression you make.
Keep it up-to-date
If your API documentation is out of date, users will get frustrated by bumping into features that aren’t there anymore and new ones that lack documentation. This can quickly diminish the trust you established by putting so much work into your documentation in the first place.
When maintaining your API docs, you should keep an eye on the following aspects:
Deprecated features. Remove documentation for deprecated features and explain why they were deprecated.
New features. Document new features before launch, and make sure there’s enough time planned for the new content to go through the editorial process.
Feedback. Useful feedback you get from support, or analytics should be reflected in your docs. Chances are you can’t make your docs perfect at the first try, but based on what users are saying, you can improve them continuously.
For all this to work, you will have to build a workflow for maintaining your documentation. Think about checkpoints and processes for the above mentioned aspects, editing, and publication. It also helps if you can set up a routine for reviewing your docs regularly (e.g. quarterly).
Following these best practices, you can build a solid foundation for your API documentation that can be continuously improved upon as you gain more insight into how users interact with them. Stay tuned for part two, where I give you some tips on how to turn good API docs into amazing ones.
http://ift.tt/2f83Bu0
0 notes
jeanshesallenberger · 7 years
Text
The Ten Essentials for Good API Documentation
API documentation is the number one reference for anyone implementing your API, and it can profoundly influence the developer experience. Because it describes what services an application programming interface offers and how to use those services, your documentation will inevitably create an impression about your product—for better or for worse.
In this two-part series I share what I’ve learned about API documentation. This part discusses the basics to help you create good API docs, while in part two, Ten Extras for Great API Documentation, I’ll show you additional ways to improve and fine-tune your documentation. 
Know your audience
Knowing who you address with your writing and how you can best support them will help you make decisions about the design, structure, and language of your docs. You will have to know who visits your API documentation and what they want to use it for. 
Your API documentation will probably be visited and used by the following audiences. 
Developers
Based on their skills, experience, and role in projects, developers will generally be the largest and most diverse group. They’ll be using your docs in different ways.
At Pronovix, we started conducting developer portal workshops with our clients to help them learn more about what developers need and how to best support their work—and what they’re really looking for in API documentation. This is also supported by solid research, such as the findings published in Stephanie Steinhardt’s article following a two-year research program at Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
Newcomers: Developers lacking previous experience with your API tend to need the most support. They will take advantage of quickstart guides that encourage them to start using your API—clear, concise, step-by-step tutorials for the most important topics, and sample code and examples to help them understand how to use it in real projects. If you can make onboarding pleasant for newcomers, they will be more likely to devote themselves to learning every nuance of your API.
External developers: Developers already working with your API will come back repeatedly to your docs and use them as reference material. They will need quick information on all the functionality your API offers, structured in an easy to understand way to help them quickly find what they need.
Debuggers: Developers using your API will encounter errors from time to time and use your documentation to analyze the responses and errors that crop up.
Internal developers: API providers tend to focus so much on their external audience that they forget about their own developers; internal teams working on the API will use the API documentation, as well.
These are just the most common use cases.
Decision makers
Decision makers like CTOs and product managers will also check out your API documentation and evaluate your API. They need to determine whether your API will be a good fit for their project or not, so it’s crucial to your business that this group can easily and quickly find what they’re looking for.
Other audiences
Although not as common, journalists, technical writers, support staff, developer evangelists, and even your competition might read your API documentation. 
Remember the purpose of documentation
The foundation of your API documentation is a clear explanation of every call and parameter.
As a bare minimum, you should describe in detail:
what each call in your API does
each parameter and all of their possible values, including their types, formatting, rules, and whether or not they are required.
Context-based structure
People won’t read your API documentation in order, and you can’t predict which part they will land on. This means, you have to provide all the information they need in context. So following the best practices of topic-based authoring, you should include all necessary and related information in the explanation of each call.
Context.IO, for example, did a great job documenting each of their API calls separately with detailed information on parameters and their possible values, along with useful tips and links to related topics.
Examples
In order to be able to implement your API, developers need to understand it along with the domain it refers to (e.g., ecommerce). Real world examples reduce the time they need to get familiar with your product, and provide domain knowledge at the same time.
Add the following to the description of each call:
an example of how the call is made
an explanation of the request
sample responses
Studies have shown, that some developers immediately like to delve into coding, when getting to know a new API; they start working from an example. Analysis of eye-tracking records showed that visual elements, like example code, caught the attention of developers who were scanning the page, rather than reading it line by line.  Many looked at code samples before they started reading the descriptions.
Using the right examples is a surefire way to improving your API docs. I’ll explore ways to turn good API docs into great ones using examples in my upcoming post “Ten Extras for Great API Documentation”.
Error messages
When something goes wrong during development, fixing the problem without detailed documentation can become a frustrating and time-consuming process. To make this process as smooth as possible, error messages should help developers understand:
what the problem is;
whether the error stems from their code or from the use of the API;
and how to fix the problem.
All possible errors—including edge cases—should be documented with error-codes or brief, human-readable information in error messages. Error messages should not only contain information related to that specific call, but also address universal topics like authentication or HTTP requests and other conditions not controlled by the API (like request timeout or unknown server error).
This post from Box discusses best practices for server-side error handling and communication, such as returning an HTTP status code that closely matches the error condition, human-readable error messages, and machine-readable error codes.
Quickstart guide
Newcomers starting to implement your API face many obstacles:
They are at the beginning of a steep learning curve
They might not be familiar with the structure, domain, and ideas behind your API
It’s difficult for them to figure out where to start.
If you don’t make the learning process easier for them, they can feel overwhelmed and refrain from delving into your API. 
Many developers learn best by doing, so a quickstart guide is a great option. The guide should be short and simple, aimed at newcomers, and list the minimum number of steps required to complete a meaningful task (e.g., downloading the SDK and saving one object to the platform). Quickstart guides usually have to include information about the domain and introduce domain-related expressions and methods in more detail. It’s safest to assume that the developer has never before heard of your service.
Stripe’s and Braintree’s quickstart guides are great examples; both provide an overview of the most likely tasks you’ll want to perform with the API, as well as link you to the relevant information. They also contain links to contact someone if you need help.
Tutorials
Tutorials are step-by-step walkthroughs covering specific functionality developers can implement with your API, like SMS notifications, account verification, etc.
Tutorials for APIs should follow the best practices for writing any kind of step-by-step help. Each step should contain all the information needed at that point—and nothing more. This way users can focus on the task at hand and won’t be overloaded with information they don’t need.
The description of steps should be easy to follow and concise. Clarity and brevity support the learning process, and are a best practice for all kinds of documentation. Avoid jargon, if possible; users will be learning domain-related language and new technology, and jargon can instill confusion. Help them by making all descriptions as easy to understand as possible. 
The walkthrough should be the smallest possible chunk that lets the user finish a task. If a process is too complex, think about breaking it down into smaller chunks. This makes sure that users can get the help they need without going through steps they’re not interested in.
Twilio’s tutorials explain the most-likely use cases with sample apps in a wide variety of programming languages and frameworks. Universal topics
To implement your API, there are some larger topics that developers will need to know about, for example:
Authentication. Handled differently by each type of API, authentication (e.g., OAuth) is often a complicated and error-prone process. Explain how to get credentials, how they are passed on to the server, and show how API keys work with sample code.
Error handling. For now, error handling hasn’t been standardized, so you should help developers understand how your API passes back error information, why an error occurs, and how to fix it.
HTTP requests. You may have to document HTTP-related information as well, like content types, status codes, and caching.
Dedicate a separate section to explaining these topics, and link to this section from each related API call. This way you can make sure that developers clearly see how your API handles these topics and how API calls change behavior based on them. 
Layout and navigation
Layout and navigation are essential to user experience, and although there is no universal solution for all API docs, there are some best practices that help users interact with the material.
Dynamic layout
Most good examples of API documentation use a dynamic layout as it makes navigation easier for users than static layouts when looking for specific topics in extensive documentation. Starting with a scalable dynamic layout will also make sure you can easily expand your docs, as needed.
Single page design
If your API documentation isn’t huge, go with a single page design that lets users see the overall structure at first sight. Introduce the details from there. Long, single page docs also make it possible for readers to use the browser’s search functionality.
Stripe managed to present extensive documentation in an easy to navigate single page. Persistent navigation
Keep navigation visible at all times. Users don’t want to scroll looking for a navigation bar that disappeared.
Multi-column layout
2- or 3-column layouts have the navigation on the left and information and examples on the right. They make comprehension easier by showing endpoints and examples in context.
Clearbit’s three-column layout displays persistent navigation (table of contents) on the left, references in the middle, and code examples on the right. Syntax highlighter
Improving the readability of samples with syntax highlighting makes the code easier to understand.
The syntax highlighter in action on Plaid’s API documentation site.
If you’d like to start experimenting with a layout for your docs, you might want to check out some free and open source API documentation generators.
To learn about the pros and cons of different approaches to organizing your API docs in the context of developer portals, this is an excellent article by Nordic APIs.
Editing
All writing that you publish should go through an editing process. This is common sense for articles and other publications, but it’s just as essential for technical documentation.
The writers of your API docs should aim for clarity and brevity, confirm that all the necessary information is there, and that the structure is logical and topics aren’t diluted with unnecessary content. 
Editors should proofread your documentation to catch grammar mistakes, errors, and any parts that might be hard to read or difficult to understand. They should also check the docs against your style guide for technical documentation and suggest changes, if needed.
Once a section of documentation is ready to be published, it’s a good idea to show it to people in your target audience, especially any developers who haven’t worked on the documentation themselves. They can catch inconsistencies and provide insight into what’s missing.
Although the editing process can feel like a burden when you have to focus on so many other aspects of your API, a couple of iterations can make a huge difference in the final copy and the impression you make.
Keep it up-to-date
If your API documentation is out of date, users will get frustrated by bumping into features that aren’t there anymore and new ones that lack documentation. This can quickly diminish the trust you established by putting so much work into your documentation in the first place.
When maintaining your API docs, you should keep an eye on the following aspects:
Deprecated features. Remove documentation for deprecated features and explain why they were deprecated.
New features. Document new features before launch, and make sure there’s enough time planned for the new content to go through the editorial process.
Feedback. Useful feedback you get from support, or analytics should be reflected in your docs. Chances are you can’t make your docs perfect at the first try, but based on what users are saying, you can improve them continuously.
For all this to work, you will have to build a workflow for maintaining your documentation. Think about checkpoints and processes for the above mentioned aspects, editing, and publication. It also helps if you can set up a routine for reviewing your docs regularly (e.g. quarterly).
Following these best practices, you can build a solid foundation for your API documentation that can be continuously improved upon as you gain more insight into how users interact with them. Stay tuned for part two, where I give you some tips on how to turn good API docs into amazing ones.
http://ift.tt/2f83Bu0
0 notes
joannlyfgnch · 7 years
Text
The Ten Essentials for Good API Documentation
API documentation is the number one reference for anyone implementing your API, and it can profoundly influence the developer experience. Because it describes what services an application programming interface offers and how to use those services, your documentation will inevitably create an impression about your product—for better or for worse.
In this two-part series I share what I’ve learned about API documentation. This part discusses the basics to help you create good API docs, while in part two, Ten Extras for Great API Documentation, I’ll show you additional ways to improve and fine-tune your documentation. 
Know your audience
Knowing who you address with your writing and how you can best support them will help you make decisions about the design, structure, and language of your docs. You will have to know who visits your API documentation and what they want to use it for. 
Your API documentation will probably be visited and used by the following audiences. 
Developers
Based on their skills, experience, and role in projects, developers will generally be the largest and most diverse group. They’ll be using your docs in different ways.
At Pronovix, we started conducting developer portal workshops with our clients to help them learn more about what developers need and how to best support their work—and what they’re really looking for in API documentation. This is also supported by solid research, such as the findings published in Stephanie Steinhardt’s article following a two-year research program at Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
Newcomers: Developers lacking previous experience with your API tend to need the most support. They will take advantage of quickstart guides that encourage them to start using your API—clear, concise, step-by-step tutorials for the most important topics, and sample code and examples to help them understand how to use it in real projects. If you can make onboarding pleasant for newcomers, they will be more likely to devote themselves to learning every nuance of your API.
External developers: Developers already working with your API will come back repeatedly to your docs and use them as reference material. They will need quick information on all the functionality your API offers, structured in an easy to understand way to help them quickly find what they need.
Debuggers: Developers using your API will encounter errors from time to time and use your documentation to analyze the responses and errors that crop up.
Internal developers: API providers tend to focus so much on their external audience that they forget about their own developers; internal teams working on the API will use the API documentation, as well.
These are just the most common use cases.
Decision makers
Decision makers like CTOs and product managers will also check out your API documentation and evaluate your API. They need to determine whether your API will be a good fit for their project or not, so it’s crucial to your business that this group can easily and quickly find what they’re looking for.
Other audiences
Although not as common, journalists, technical writers, support staff, developer evangelists, and even your competition might read your API documentation. 
Remember the purpose of documentation
The foundation of your API documentation is a clear explanation of every call and parameter.
As a bare minimum, you should describe in detail:
what each call in your API does
each parameter and all of their possible values, including their types, formatting, rules, and whether or not they are required.
Context-based structure
People won’t read your API documentation in order, and you can’t predict which part they will land on. This means, you have to provide all the information they need in context. So following the best practices of topic-based authoring, you should include all necessary and related information in the explanation of each call.
Context.IO, for example, did a great job documenting each of their API calls separately with detailed information on parameters and their possible values, along with useful tips and links to related topics.
Examples
In order to be able to implement your API, developers need to understand it along with the domain it refers to (e.g., ecommerce). Real world examples reduce the time they need to get familiar with your product, and provide domain knowledge at the same time.
Add the following to the description of each call:
an example of how the call is made
an explanation of the request
sample responses
Studies have shown, that some developers immediately like to delve into coding, when getting to know a new API; they start working from an example. Analysis of eye-tracking records showed that visual elements, like example code, caught the attention of developers who were scanning the page, rather than reading it line by line.  Many looked at code samples before they started reading the descriptions.
Using the right examples is a surefire way to improving your API docs. I’ll explore ways to turn good API docs into great ones using examples in my upcoming post “Ten Extras for Great API Documentation”.
Error messages
When something goes wrong during development, fixing the problem without detailed documentation can become a frustrating and time-consuming process. To make this process as smooth as possible, error messages should help developers understand:
what the problem is;
whether the error stems from their code or from the use of the API;
and how to fix the problem.
All possible errors—including edge cases—should be documented with error-codes or brief, human-readable information in error messages. Error messages should not only contain information related to that specific call, but also address universal topics like authentication or HTTP requests and other conditions not controlled by the API (like request timeout or unknown server error).
This post from Box discusses best practices for server-side error handling and communication, such as returning an HTTP status code that closely matches the error condition, human-readable error messages, and machine-readable error codes.
Quickstart guide
Newcomers starting to implement your API face many obstacles:
They are at the beginning of a steep learning curve
They might not be familiar with the structure, domain, and ideas behind your API
It’s difficult for them to figure out where to start.
If you don’t make the learning process easier for them, they can feel overwhelmed and refrain from delving into your API. 
Many developers learn best by doing, so a quickstart guide is a great option. The guide should be short and simple, aimed at newcomers, and list the minimum number of steps required to complete a meaningful task (e.g., downloading the SDK and saving one object to the platform). Quickstart guides usually have to include information about the domain and introduce domain-related expressions and methods in more detail. It’s safest to assume that the developer has never before heard of your service.
Stripe’s and Braintree’s quickstart guides are great examples; both provide an overview of the most likely tasks you’ll want to perform with the API, as well as link you to the relevant information. They also contain links to contact someone if you need help.
Tutorials
Tutorials are step-by-step walkthroughs covering specific functionality developers can implement with your API, like SMS notifications, account verification, etc.
Tutorials for APIs should follow the best practices for writing any kind of step-by-step help. Each step should contain all the information needed at that point—and nothing more. This way users can focus on the task at hand and won’t be overloaded with information they don’t need.
The description of steps should be easy to follow and concise. Clarity and brevity support the learning process, and are a best practice for all kinds of documentation. Avoid jargon, if possible; users will be learning domain-related language and new technology, and jargon can instill confusion. Help them by making all descriptions as easy to understand as possible. 
The walkthrough should be the smallest possible chunk that lets the user finish a task. If a process is too complex, think about breaking it down into smaller chunks. This makes sure that users can get the help they need without going through steps they’re not interested in.
Twilio’s tutorials explain the most-likely use cases with sample apps in a wide variety of programming languages and frameworks. Universal topics
To implement your API, there are some larger topics that developers will need to know about, for example:
Authentication. Handled differently by each type of API, authentication (e.g., OAuth) is often a complicated and error-prone process. Explain how to get credentials, how they are passed on to the server, and show how API keys work with sample code.
Error handling. For now, error handling hasn’t been standardized, so you should help developers understand how your API passes back error information, why an error occurs, and how to fix it.
HTTP requests. You may have to document HTTP-related information as well, like content types, status codes, and caching.
Dedicate a separate section to explaining these topics, and link to this section from each related API call. This way you can make sure that developers clearly see how your API handles these topics and how API calls change behavior based on them. 
Layout and navigation
Layout and navigation are essential to user experience, and although there is no universal solution for all API docs, there are some best practices that help users interact with the material.
Dynamic layout
Most good examples of API documentation use a dynamic layout as it makes navigation easier for users than static layouts when looking for specific topics in extensive documentation. Starting with a scalable dynamic layout will also make sure you can easily expand your docs, as needed.
Single page design
If your API documentation isn’t huge, go with a single page design that lets users see the overall structure at first sight. Introduce the details from there. Long, single page docs also make it possible for readers to use the browser’s search functionality.
Stripe managed to present extensive documentation in an easy to navigate single page. Persistent navigation
Keep navigation visible at all times. Users don’t want to scroll looking for a navigation bar that disappeared.
Multi-column layout
2- or 3-column layouts have the navigation on the left and information and examples on the right. They make comprehension easier by showing endpoints and examples in context.
Clearbit’s three-column layout displays persistent navigation (table of contents) on the left, references in the middle, and code examples on the right. Syntax highlighter
Improving the readability of samples with syntax highlighting makes the code easier to understand.
The syntax highlighter in action on Plaid’s API documentation site.
If you’d like to start experimenting with a layout for your docs, you might want to check out some free and open source API documentation generators.
To learn about the pros and cons of different approaches to organizing your API docs in the context of developer portals, this is an excellent article by Nordic APIs.
Editing
All writing that you publish should go through an editing process. This is common sense for articles and other publications, but it’s just as essential for technical documentation.
The writers of your API docs should aim for clarity and brevity, confirm that all the necessary information is there, and that the structure is logical and topics aren’t diluted with unnecessary content. 
Editors should proofread your documentation to catch grammar mistakes, errors, and any parts that might be hard to read or difficult to understand. They should also check the docs against your style guide for technical documentation and suggest changes, if needed.
Once a section of documentation is ready to be published, it’s a good idea to show it to people in your target audience, especially any developers who haven’t worked on the documentation themselves. They can catch inconsistencies and provide insight into what’s missing.
Although the editing process can feel like a burden when you have to focus on so many other aspects of your API, a couple of iterations can make a huge difference in the final copy and the impression you make.
Keep it up-to-date
If your API documentation is out of date, users will get frustrated by bumping into features that aren’t there anymore and new ones that lack documentation. This can quickly diminish the trust you established by putting so much work into your documentation in the first place.
When maintaining your API docs, you should keep an eye on the following aspects:
Deprecated features. Remove documentation for deprecated features and explain why they were deprecated.
New features. Document new features before launch, and make sure there’s enough time planned for the new content to go through the editorial process.
Feedback. Useful feedback you get from support, or analytics should be reflected in your docs. Chances are you can’t make your docs perfect at the first try, but based on what users are saying, you can improve them continuously.
For all this to work, you will have to build a workflow for maintaining your documentation. Think about checkpoints and processes for the above mentioned aspects, editing, and publication. It also helps if you can set up a routine for reviewing your docs regularly (e.g. quarterly).
Following these best practices, you can build a solid foundation for your API documentation that can be continuously improved upon as you gain more insight into how users interact with them. Stay tuned for part two, where I give you some tips on how to turn good API docs into amazing ones.
http://ift.tt/2f83Bu0
0 notes
pattersondonaldblk5 · 7 years
Text
The Ten Essentials for Good API Documentation
API documentation is the number one reference for anyone implementing your API, and it can profoundly influence the developer experience. Because it describes what services an application programming interface offers and how to use those services, your documentation will inevitably create an impression about your product—for better or for worse.
In this two-part series I share what I’ve learned about API documentation. This part discusses the basics to help you create good API docs, while in part two, Ten Extras for Great API Documentation, I’ll show you additional ways to improve and fine-tune your documentation. 
Know your audience
Knowing who you address with your writing and how you can best support them will help you make decisions about the design, structure, and language of your docs. You will have to know who visits your API documentation and what they want to use it for. 
Your API documentation will probably be visited and used by the following audiences. 
Developers
Based on their skills, experience, and role in projects, developers will generally be the largest and most diverse group. They’ll be using your docs in different ways.
At Pronovix, we started conducting developer portal workshops with our clients to help them learn more about what developers need and how to best support their work—and what they’re really looking for in API documentation. This is also supported by solid research, such as the findings published in Stephanie Steinhardt’s article following a two-year research program at Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
Newcomers: Developers lacking previous experience with your API tend to need the most support. They will take advantage of quickstart guides that encourage them to start using your API—clear, concise, step-by-step tutorials for the most important topics, and sample code and examples to help them understand how to use it in real projects. If you can make onboarding pleasant for newcomers, they will be more likely to devote themselves to learning every nuance of your API.
External developers: Developers already working with your API will come back repeatedly to your docs and use them as reference material. They will need quick information on all the functionality your API offers, structured in an easy to understand way to help them quickly find what they need.
Debuggers: Developers using your API will encounter errors from time to time and use your documentation to analyze the responses and errors that crop up.
Internal developers: API providers tend to focus so much on their external audience that they forget about their own developers; internal teams working on the API will use the API documentation, as well.
These are just the most common use cases.
Decision makers
Decision makers like CTOs and product managers will also check out your API documentation and evaluate your API. They need to determine whether your API will be a good fit for their project or not, so it’s crucial to your business that this group can easily and quickly find what they’re looking for.
Other audiences
Although not as common, journalists, technical writers, support staff, developer evangelists, and even your competition might read your API documentation. 
Remember the purpose of documentation
The foundation of your API documentation is a clear explanation of every call and parameter.
As a bare minimum, you should describe in detail:
what each call in your API does
each parameter and all of their possible values, including their types, formatting, rules, and whether or not they are required.
Context-based structure
People won’t read your API documentation in order, and you can’t predict which part they will land on. This means, you have to provide all the information they need in context. So following the best practices of topic-based authoring, you should include all necessary and related information in the explanation of each call.
Context.IO, for example, did a great job documenting each of their API calls separately with detailed information on parameters and their possible values, along with useful tips and links to related topics.
Examples
In order to be able to implement your API, developers need to understand it along with the domain it refers to (e.g., ecommerce). Real world examples reduce the time they need to get familiar with your product, and provide domain knowledge at the same time.
Add the following to the description of each call:
an example of how the call is made
an explanation of the request
sample responses
Studies have shown, that some developers immediately like to delve into coding, when getting to know a new API; they start working from an example. Analysis of eye-tracking records showed that visual elements, like example code, caught the attention of developers who were scanning the page, rather than reading it line by line.  Many looked at code samples before they started reading the descriptions.
Using the right examples is a surefire way to improving your API docs. I’ll explore ways to turn good API docs into great ones using examples in my upcoming post “Ten Extras for Great API Documentation”.
Error messages
When something goes wrong during development, fixing the problem without detailed documentation can become a frustrating and time-consuming process. To make this process as smooth as possible, error messages should help developers understand:
what the problem is;
whether the error stems from their code or from the use of the API;
and how to fix the problem.
All possible errors—including edge cases—should be documented with error-codes or brief, human-readable information in error messages. Error messages should not only contain information related to that specific call, but also address universal topics like authentication or HTTP requests and other conditions not controlled by the API (like request timeout or unknown server error).
This post from Box discusses best practices for server-side error handling and communication, such as returning an HTTP status code that closely matches the error condition, human-readable error messages, and machine-readable error codes.
Quickstart guide
Newcomers starting to implement your API face many obstacles:
They are at the beginning of a steep learning curve
They might not be familiar with the structure, domain, and ideas behind your API
It’s difficult for them to figure out where to start.
If you don’t make the learning process easier for them, they can feel overwhelmed and refrain from delving into your API. 
Many developers learn best by doing, so a quickstart guide is a great option. The guide should be short and simple, aimed at newcomers, and list the minimum number of steps required to complete a meaningful task (e.g., downloading the SDK and saving one object to the platform). Quickstart guides usually have to include information about the domain and introduce domain-related expressions and methods in more detail. It’s safest to assume that the developer has never before heard of your service.
Stripe’s and Braintree’s quickstart guides are great examples; both provide an overview of the most likely tasks you’ll want to perform with the API, as well as link you to the relevant information. They also contain links to contact someone if you need help.
Tutorials
Tutorials are step-by-step walkthroughs covering specific functionality developers can implement with your API, like SMS notifications, account verification, etc.
Tutorials for APIs should follow the best practices for writing any kind of step-by-step help. Each step should contain all the information needed at that point—and nothing more. This way users can focus on the task at hand and won’t be overloaded with information they don’t need.
The description of steps should be easy to follow and concise. Clarity and brevity support the learning process, and are a best practice for all kinds of documentation. Avoid jargon, if possible; users will be learning domain-related language and new technology, and jargon can instill confusion. Help them by making all descriptions as easy to understand as possible. 
The walkthrough should be the smallest possible chunk that lets the user finish a task. If a process is too complex, think about breaking it down into smaller chunks. This makes sure that users can get the help they need without going through steps they’re not interested in.
Twilio’s tutorials explain the most-likely use cases with sample apps in a wide variety of programming languages and frameworks. Universal topics
To implement your API, there are some larger topics that developers will need to know about, for example:
Authentication. Handled differently by each type of API, authentication (e.g., OAuth) is often a complicated and error-prone process. Explain how to get credentials, how they are passed on to the server, and show how API keys work with sample code.
Error handling. For now, error handling hasn’t been standardized, so you should help developers understand how your API passes back error information, why an error occurs, and how to fix it.
HTTP requests. You may have to document HTTP-related information as well, like content types, status codes, and caching.
Dedicate a separate section to explaining these topics, and link to this section from each related API call. This way you can make sure that developers clearly see how your API handles these topics and how API calls change behavior based on them. 
Layout and navigation
Layout and navigation are essential to user experience, and although there is no universal solution for all API docs, there are some best practices that help users interact with the material.
Dynamic layout
Most good examples of API documentation use a dynamic layout as it makes navigation easier for users than static layouts when looking for specific topics in extensive documentation. Starting with a scalable dynamic layout will also make sure you can easily expand your docs, as needed.
Single page design
If your API documentation isn’t huge, go with a single page design that lets users see the overall structure at first sight. Introduce the details from there. Long, single page docs also make it possible for readers to use the browser’s search functionality.
Stripe managed to present extensive documentation in an easy to navigate single page. Persistent navigation
Keep navigation visible at all times. Users don’t want to scroll looking for a navigation bar that disappeared.
Multi-column layout
2- or 3-column layouts have the navigation on the left and information and examples on the right. They make comprehension easier by showing endpoints and examples in context.
Clearbit’s three-column layout displays persistent navigation (table of contents) on the left, references in the middle, and code examples on the right. Syntax highlighter
Improving the readability of samples with syntax highlighting makes the code easier to understand.
The syntax highlighter in action on Plaid’s API documentation site.
If you’d like to start experimenting with a layout for your docs, you might want to check out some free and open source API documentation generators.
To learn about the pros and cons of different approaches to organizing your API docs in the context of developer portals, this is an excellent article by Nordic APIs.
Editing
All writing that you publish should go through an editing process. This is common sense for articles and other publications, but it’s just as essential for technical documentation.
The writers of your API docs should aim for clarity and brevity, confirm that all the necessary information is there, and that the structure is logical and topics aren’t diluted with unnecessary content. 
Editors should proofread your documentation to catch grammar mistakes, errors, and any parts that might be hard to read or difficult to understand. They should also check the docs against your style guide for technical documentation and suggest changes, if needed.
Once a section of documentation is ready to be published, it’s a good idea to show it to people in your target audience, especially any developers who haven’t worked on the documentation themselves. They can catch inconsistencies and provide insight into what’s missing.
Although the editing process can feel like a burden when you have to focus on so many other aspects of your API, a couple of iterations can make a huge difference in the final copy and the impression you make.
Keep it up-to-date
If your API documentation is out of date, users will get frustrated by bumping into features that aren’t there anymore and new ones that lack documentation. This can quickly diminish the trust you established by putting so much work into your documentation in the first place.
When maintaining your API docs, you should keep an eye on the following aspects:
Deprecated features. Remove documentation for deprecated features and explain why they were deprecated.
New features. Document new features before launch, and make sure there’s enough time planned for the new content to go through the editorial process.
Feedback. Useful feedback you get from support, or analytics should be reflected in your docs. Chances are you can’t make your docs perfect at the first try, but based on what users are saying, you can improve them continuously.
For all this to work, you will have to build a workflow for maintaining your documentation. Think about checkpoints and processes for the above mentioned aspects, editing, and publication. It also helps if you can set up a routine for reviewing your docs regularly (e.g. quarterly).
Following these best practices, you can build a solid foundation for your API documentation that can be continuously improved upon as you gain more insight into how users interact with them. Stay tuned for part two, where I give you some tips on how to turn good API docs into amazing ones.
http://ift.tt/2f83Bu0
0 notes
mariaaklnthony · 7 years
Text
The Ten Essentials for Good API Documentation
API documentation is the number one reference for anyone implementing your API, and it can profoundly influence the developer experience. Because it describes what services an application programming interface offers and how to use those services, your documentation will inevitably create an impression about your product—for better or for worse.
In this two-part series I share what I’ve learned about API documentation. This part discusses the basics to help you create good API docs, while in part two, Ten Extras for Great API Documentation, I’ll show you additional ways to improve and fine-tune your documentation. 
Know your audience
Knowing who you address with your writing and how you can best support them will help you make decisions about the design, structure, and language of your docs. You will have to know who visits your API documentation and what they want to use it for. 
Your API documentation will probably be visited and used by the following audiences. 
Developers
Based on their skills, experience, and role in projects, developers will generally be the largest and most diverse group. They’ll be using your docs in different ways.
At Pronovix, we started conducting developer portal workshops with our clients to help them learn more about what developers need and how to best support their work—and what they’re really looking for in API documentation. This is also supported by solid research, such as the findings published in Stephanie Steinhardt’s article following a two-year research program at Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
Newcomers: Developers lacking previous experience with your API tend to need the most support. They will take advantage of quickstart guides that encourage them to start using your API—clear, concise, step-by-step tutorials for the most important topics, and sample code and examples to help them understand how to use it in real projects. If you can make onboarding pleasant for newcomers, they will be more likely to devote themselves to learning every nuance of your API.
External developers: Developers already working with your API will come back repeatedly to your docs and use them as reference material. They will need quick information on all the functionality your API offers, structured in an easy to understand way to help them quickly find what they need.
Debuggers: Developers using your API will encounter errors from time to time and use your documentation to analyze the responses and errors that crop up.
Internal developers: API providers tend to focus so much on their external audience that they forget about their own developers; internal teams working on the API will use the API documentation, as well.
These are just the most common use cases.
Decision makers
Decision makers like CTOs and product managers will also check out your API documentation and evaluate your API. They need to determine whether your API will be a good fit for their project or not, so it’s crucial to your business that this group can easily and quickly find what they’re looking for.
Other audiences
Although not as common, journalists, technical writers, support staff, developer evangelists, and even your competition might read your API documentation. 
Remember the purpose of documentation
The foundation of your API documentation is a clear explanation of every call and parameter.
As a bare minimum, you should describe in detail:
what each call in your API does
each parameter and all of their possible values, including their types, formatting, rules, and whether or not they are required.
Context-based structure
People won’t read your API documentation in order, and you can’t predict which part they will land on. This means, you have to provide all the information they need in context. So following the best practices of topic-based authoring, you should include all necessary and related information in the explanation of each call.
Context.IO, for example, did a great job documenting each of their API calls separately with detailed information on parameters and their possible values, along with useful tips and links to related topics.
Examples
In order to be able to implement your API, developers need to understand it along with the domain it refers to (e.g., ecommerce). Real world examples reduce the time they need to get familiar with your product, and provide domain knowledge at the same time.
Add the following to the description of each call:
an example of how the call is made
an explanation of the request
sample responses
Studies have shown, that some developers immediately like to delve into coding, when getting to know a new API; they start working from an example. Analysis of eye-tracking records showed that visual elements, like example code, caught the attention of developers who were scanning the page, rather than reading it line by line.  Many looked at code samples before they started reading the descriptions.
Using the right examples is a surefire way to improving your API docs. I’ll explore ways to turn good API docs into great ones using examples in my upcoming post “Ten Extras for Great API Documentation”.
Error messages
When something goes wrong during development, fixing the problem without detailed documentation can become a frustrating and time-consuming process. To make this process as smooth as possible, error messages should help developers understand:
what the problem is;
whether the error stems from their code or from the use of the API;
and how to fix the problem.
All possible errors—including edge cases—should be documented with error-codes or brief, human-readable information in error messages. Error messages should not only contain information related to that specific call, but also address universal topics like authentication or HTTP requests and other conditions not controlled by the API (like request timeout or unknown server error).
This post from Box discusses best practices for server-side error handling and communication, such as returning an HTTP status code that closely matches the error condition, human-readable error messages, and machine-readable error codes.
Quickstart guide
Newcomers starting to implement your API face many obstacles:
They are at the beginning of a steep learning curve
They might not be familiar with the structure, domain, and ideas behind your API
It’s difficult for them to figure out where to start.
If you don’t make the learning process easier for them, they can feel overwhelmed and refrain from delving into your API. 
Many developers learn best by doing, so a quickstart guide is a great option. The guide should be short and simple, aimed at newcomers, and list the minimum number of steps required to complete a meaningful task (e.g., downloading the SDK and saving one object to the platform). Quickstart guides usually have to include information about the domain and introduce domain-related expressions and methods in more detail. It’s safest to assume that the developer has never before heard of your service.
Stripe’s and Braintree’s quickstart guides are great examples; both provide an overview of the most likely tasks you’ll want to perform with the API, as well as link you to the relevant information. They also contain links to contact someone if you need help.
Tutorials
Tutorials are step-by-step walkthroughs covering specific functionality developers can implement with your API, like SMS notifications, account verification, etc.
Tutorials for APIs should follow the best practices for writing any kind of step-by-step help. Each step should contain all the information needed at that point—and nothing more. This way users can focus on the task at hand and won’t be overloaded with information they don’t need.
The description of steps should be easy to follow and concise. Clarity and brevity support the learning process, and are a best practice for all kinds of documentation. Avoid jargon, if possible; users will be learning domain-related language and new technology, and jargon can instill confusion. Help them by making all descriptions as easy to understand as possible. 
The walkthrough should be the smallest possible chunk that lets the user finish a task. If a process is too complex, think about breaking it down into smaller chunks. This makes sure that users can get the help they need without going through steps they’re not interested in.
Twilio’s tutorials explain the most-likely use cases with sample apps in a wide variety of programming languages and frameworks. Universal topics
To implement your API, there are some larger topics that developers will need to know about, for example:
Authentication. Handled differently by each type of API, authentication (e.g., OAuth) is often a complicated and error-prone process. Explain how to get credentials, how they are passed on to the server, and show how API keys work with sample code.
Error handling. For now, error handling hasn’t been standardized, so you should help developers understand how your API passes back error information, why an error occurs, and how to fix it.
HTTP requests. You may have to document HTTP-related information as well, like content types, status codes, and caching.
Dedicate a separate section to explaining these topics, and link to this section from each related API call. This way you can make sure that developers clearly see how your API handles these topics and how API calls change behavior based on them. 
Layout and navigation
Layout and navigation are essential to user experience, and although there is no universal solution for all API docs, there are some best practices that help users interact with the material.
Dynamic layout
Most good examples of API documentation use a dynamic layout as it makes navigation easier for users than static layouts when looking for specific topics in extensive documentation. Starting with a scalable dynamic layout will also make sure you can easily expand your docs, as needed.
Single page design
If your API documentation isn’t huge, go with a single page design that lets users see the overall structure at first sight. Introduce the details from there. Long, single page docs also make it possible for readers to use the browser’s search functionality.
Stripe managed to present extensive documentation in an easy to navigate single page. Persistent navigation
Keep navigation visible at all times. Users don’t want to scroll looking for a navigation bar that disappeared.
Multi-column layout
2- or 3-column layouts have the navigation on the left and information and examples on the right. They make comprehension easier by showing endpoints and examples in context.
Clearbit’s three-column layout displays persistent navigation (table of contents) on the left, references in the middle, and code examples on the right. Syntax highlighter
Improving the readability of samples with syntax highlighting makes the code easier to understand.
The syntax highlighter in action on Plaid’s API documentation site.
If you’d like to start experimenting with a layout for your docs, you might want to check out some free and open source API documentation generators.
To learn about the pros and cons of different approaches to organizing your API docs in the context of developer portals, this is an excellent article by Nordic APIs.
Editing
All writing that you publish should go through an editing process. This is common sense for articles and other publications, but it’s just as essential for technical documentation.
The writers of your API docs should aim for clarity and brevity, confirm that all the necessary information is there, and that the structure is logical and topics aren’t diluted with unnecessary content. 
Editors should proofread your documentation to catch grammar mistakes, errors, and any parts that might be hard to read or difficult to understand. They should also check the docs against your style guide for technical documentation and suggest changes, if needed.
Once a section of documentation is ready to be published, it’s a good idea to show it to people in your target audience, especially any developers who haven’t worked on the documentation themselves. They can catch inconsistencies and provide insight into what’s missing.
Although the editing process can feel like a burden when you have to focus on so many other aspects of your API, a couple of iterations can make a huge difference in the final copy and the impression you make.
Keep it up-to-date
If your API documentation is out of date, users will get frustrated by bumping into features that aren’t there anymore and new ones that lack documentation. This can quickly diminish the trust you established by putting so much work into your documentation in the first place.
When maintaining your API docs, you should keep an eye on the following aspects:
Deprecated features. Remove documentation for deprecated features and explain why they were deprecated.
New features. Document new features before launch, and make sure there’s enough time planned for the new content to go through the editorial process.
Feedback. Useful feedback you get from support, or analytics should be reflected in your docs. Chances are you can’t make your docs perfect at the first try, but based on what users are saying, you can improve them continuously.
For all this to work, you will have to build a workflow for maintaining your documentation. Think about checkpoints and processes for the above mentioned aspects, editing, and publication. It also helps if you can set up a routine for reviewing your docs regularly (e.g. quarterly).
Following these best practices, you can build a solid foundation for your API documentation that can be continuously improved upon as you gain more insight into how users interact with them. Stay tuned for part two, where I give you some tips on how to turn good API docs into amazing ones.
http://ift.tt/2f83Bu0
0 notes
dustinwootenne · 7 years
Text
The Ten Essentials for Good API Documentation
API documentation is the number one reference for anyone implementing your API, and it can profoundly influence the developer experience. Because it describes what services an application programming interface offers and how to use those services, your documentation will inevitably create an impression about your product—for better or for worse.
In this two-part series I share what I’ve learned about API documentation. This part discusses the basics to help you create good API docs, while in part two, Ten Extras for Great API Documentation, I’ll show you additional ways to improve and fine-tune your documentation. 
Know your audience
Knowing who you address with your writing and how you can best support them will help you make decisions about the design, structure, and language of your docs. You will have to know who visits your API documentation and what they want to use it for. 
Your API documentation will probably be visited and used by the following audiences. 
Developers
Based on their skills, experience, and role in projects, developers will generally be the largest and most diverse group. They’ll be using your docs in different ways.
At Pronovix, we started conducting developer portal workshops with our clients to help them learn more about what developers need and how to best support their work—and what they’re really looking for in API documentation. This is also supported by solid research, such as the findings published in Stephanie Steinhardt’s article following a two-year research program at Merseburg University of Applied Sciences.
Newcomers: Developers lacking previous experience with your API tend to need the most support. They will take advantage of quickstart guides that encourage them to start using your API—clear, concise, step-by-step tutorials for the most important topics, and sample code and examples to help them understand how to use it in real projects. If you can make onboarding pleasant for newcomers, they will be more likely to devote themselves to learning every nuance of your API.
External developers: Developers already working with your API will come back repeatedly to your docs and use them as reference material. They will need quick information on all the functionality your API offers, structured in an easy to understand way to help them quickly find what they need.
Debuggers: Developers using your API will encounter errors from time to time and use your documentation to analyze the responses and errors that crop up.
Internal developers: API providers tend to focus so much on their external audience that they forget about their own developers; internal teams working on the API will use the API documentation, as well.
These are just the most common use cases.
Decision makers
Decision makers like CTOs and product managers will also check out your API documentation and evaluate your API. They need to determine whether your API will be a good fit for their project or not, so it’s crucial to your business that this group can easily and quickly find what they’re looking for.
Other audiences
Although not as common, journalists, technical writers, support staff, developer evangelists, and even your competition might read your API documentation. 
Remember the purpose of documentation
The foundation of your API documentation is a clear explanation of every call and parameter.
As a bare minimum, you should describe in detail:
what each call in your API does
each parameter and all of their possible values, including their types, formatting, rules, and whether or not they are required.
Context-based structure
People won’t read your API documentation in order, and you can’t predict which part they will land on. This means, you have to provide all the information they need in context. So following the best practices of topic-based authoring, you should include all necessary and related information in the explanation of each call.
Context.IO, for example, did a great job documenting each of their API calls separately with detailed information on parameters and their possible values, along with useful tips and links to related topics.
Examples
In order to be able to implement your API, developers need to understand it along with the domain it refers to (e.g., ecommerce). Real world examples reduce the time they need to get familiar with your product, and provide domain knowledge at the same time.
Add the following to the description of each call:
an example of how the call is made
an explanation of the request
sample responses
Studies have shown, that some developers immediately like to delve into coding, when getting to know a new API; they start working from an example. Analysis of eye-tracking records showed that visual elements, like example code, caught the attention of developers who were scanning the page, rather than reading it line by line.  Many looked at code samples before they started reading the descriptions.
Using the right examples is a surefire way to improving your API docs. I’ll explore ways to turn good API docs into great ones using examples in my upcoming post “Ten Extras for Great API Documentation”.
Error messages
When something goes wrong during development, fixing the problem without detailed documentation can become a frustrating and time-consuming process. To make this process as smooth as possible, error messages should help developers understand:
what the problem is;
whether the error stems from their code or from the use of the API;
and how to fix the problem.
All possible errors—including edge cases—should be documented with error-codes or brief, human-readable information in error messages. Error messages should not only contain information related to that specific call, but also address universal topics like authentication or HTTP requests and other conditions not controlled by the API (like request timeout or unknown server error).
This post from Box discusses best practices for server-side error handling and communication, such as returning an HTTP status code that closely matches the error condition, human-readable error messages, and machine-readable error codes.
Quickstart guide
Newcomers starting to implement your API face many obstacles:
They are at the beginning of a steep learning curve
They might not be familiar with the structure, domain, and ideas behind your API
It’s difficult for them to figure out where to start.
If you don’t make the learning process easier for them, they can feel overwhelmed and refrain from delving into your API. 
Many developers learn best by doing, so a quickstart guide is a great option. The guide should be short and simple, aimed at newcomers, and list the minimum number of steps required to complete a meaningful task (e.g., downloading the SDK and saving one object to the platform). Quickstart guides usually have to include information about the domain and introduce domain-related expressions and methods in more detail. It’s safest to assume that the developer has never before heard of your service.
Stripe’s and Braintree’s quickstart guides are great examples; both provide an overview of the most likely tasks you’ll want to perform with the API, as well as link you to the relevant information. They also contain links to contact someone if you need help.
Tutorials
Tutorials are step-by-step walkthroughs covering specific functionality developers can implement with your API, like SMS notifications, account verification, etc.
Tutorials for APIs should follow the best practices for writing any kind of step-by-step help. Each step should contain all the information needed at that point—and nothing more. This way users can focus on the task at hand and won’t be overloaded with information they don’t need.
The description of steps should be easy to follow and concise. Clarity and brevity support the learning process, and are a best practice for all kinds of documentation. Avoid jargon, if possible; users will be learning domain-related language and new technology, and jargon can instill confusion. Help them by making all descriptions as easy to understand as possible. 
The walkthrough should be the smallest possible chunk that lets the user finish a task. If a process is too complex, think about breaking it down into smaller chunks. This makes sure that users can get the help they need without going through steps they’re not interested in.
Twilio’s tutorials explain the most-likely use cases with sample apps in a wide variety of programming languages and frameworks. Universal topics
To implement your API, there are some larger topics that developers will need to know about, for example:
Authentication. Handled differently by each type of API, authentication (e.g., OAuth) is often a complicated and error-prone process. Explain how to get credentials, how they are passed on to the server, and show how API keys work with sample code.
Error handling. For now, error handling hasn’t been standardized, so you should help developers understand how your API passes back error information, why an error occurs, and how to fix it.
HTTP requests. You may have to document HTTP-related information as well, like content types, status codes, and caching.
Dedicate a separate section to explaining these topics, and link to this section from each related API call. This way you can make sure that developers clearly see how your API handles these topics and how API calls change behavior based on them. 
Layout and navigation
Layout and navigation are essential to user experience, and although there is no universal solution for all API docs, there are some best practices that help users interact with the material.
Dynamic layout
Most good examples of API documentation use a dynamic layout as it makes navigation easier for users than static layouts when looking for specific topics in extensive documentation. Starting with a scalable dynamic layout will also make sure you can easily expand your docs, as needed.
Single page design
If your API documentation isn’t huge, go with a single page design that lets users see the overall structure at first sight. Introduce the details from there. Long, single page docs also make it possible for readers to use the browser’s search functionality.
Stripe managed to present extensive documentation in an easy to navigate single page. Persistent navigation
Keep navigation visible at all times. Users don’t want to scroll looking for a navigation bar that disappeared.
Multi-column layout
2- or 3-column layouts have the navigation on the left and information and examples on the right. They make comprehension easier by showing endpoints and examples in context.
Clearbit’s three-column layout displays persistent navigation (table of contents) on the left, references in the middle, and code examples on the right. Syntax highlighter
Improving the readability of samples with syntax highlighting makes the code easier to understand.
The syntax highlighter in action on Plaid’s API documentation site.
If you’d like to start experimenting with a layout for your docs, you might want to check out some free and open source API documentation generators.
To learn about the pros and cons of different approaches to organizing your API docs in the context of developer portals, this is an excellent article by Nordic APIs.
Editing
All writing that you publish should go through an editing process. This is common sense for articles and other publications, but it’s just as essential for technical documentation.
The writers of your API docs should aim for clarity and brevity, confirm that all the necessary information is there, and that the structure is logical and topics aren’t diluted with unnecessary content. 
Editors should proofread your documentation to catch grammar mistakes, errors, and any parts that might be hard to read or difficult to understand. They should also check the docs against your style guide for technical documentation and suggest changes, if needed.
Once a section of documentation is ready to be published, it’s a good idea to show it to people in your target audience, especially any developers who haven’t worked on the documentation themselves. They can catch inconsistencies and provide insight into what’s missing.
Although the editing process can feel like a burden when you have to focus on so many other aspects of your API, a couple of iterations can make a huge difference in the final copy and the impression you make.
Keep it up-to-date
If your API documentation is out of date, users will get frustrated by bumping into features that aren’t there anymore and new ones that lack documentation. This can quickly diminish the trust you established by putting so much work into your documentation in the first place.
When maintaining your API docs, you should keep an eye on the following aspects:
Deprecated features. Remove documentation for deprecated features and explain why they were deprecated.
New features. Document new features before launch, and make sure there’s enough time planned for the new content to go through the editorial process.
Feedback. Useful feedback you get from support, or analytics should be reflected in your docs. Chances are you can’t make your docs perfect at the first try, but based on what users are saying, you can improve them continuously.
For all this to work, you will have to build a workflow for maintaining your documentation. Think about checkpoints and processes for the above mentioned aspects, editing, and publication. It also helps if you can set up a routine for reviewing your docs regularly (e.g. quarterly).
Following these best practices, you can build a solid foundation for your API documentation that can be continuously improved upon as you gain more insight into how users interact with them. Stay tuned for part two, where I give you some tips on how to turn good API docs into amazing ones.
http://ift.tt/2f83Bu0
0 notes
rachelcarsoncenter · 7 years
Text
This is the final post in the uses of environmental history series. The series has been adapted from contributions to a roundtable forum published in the first issue of the new Journal for Ecological History, edited by Renmin University’s Center for Ecological History.
“Feral Historians?”
By Sandra Swart
The greatest strength we have as historians—our secret superpower—is the ability to take an apparently immutable existing status quo and show that “it was not always so.” We can look at the present and expose the seemingly “natural order” for just how “unnatural” (how anthropogenically constructed) it really is. For example, gender historians have exploded the static, apparently unchanging, and ostensibly biological dualism between men and women—thereby opening up new ways of understanding the social order. After all, a key value of learning about the past is to defamiliarize the present. To simply know that “it was not always so” is amazingly potent. It can empower humans to challenge the existing order that we are otherwise taught to believe is “natural,” “biological,” “incontrovertible.” If it has changed before, it can be changed further.
Yet if this ability to complicate the seemingly natural is our superpower, it is also our kryptonite. Many historians have been effectively self-silenced in today’s debate over critical environmental issues simply because we do not think or communicate in soundbites. We’re trained to understand nuance, uncover complexity, and eschew partisanship. These are some of our fundamental values as a discipline and I am not suggesting we jettison them—but I do think we leave too much of our research to be interpreted by interlocutors and politicians. Instead, we need to insert ourselves into those public debates. The role of professional historians in the making of public policy is a contested terrain. We need to extend our home ranges and escape the safely domesticated university, where we feel at home and where there’s always a warm fire and a bowl of milk. We must run feral in the wilder public spaces.
This starts with explaining our own work to a wider audience. More importantly, however, it means influencing both decision makers and the public (who are de facto decision makers, too, in democracies). Policy makers who fail to ground new initiatives in past experiences are more prone to error repetition and ad hocery, implementing provisional plans rather than consistent, durable programs. This places history-sensitive environmental authorities in a relatively better position to effect sound policies for present and future generations. Equally, environmental policy can sometimes best be rooted in (or fundamentally altered by) an understanding of the longue durée.
Among prominent environmental degrdation in Africa is desertification and deforestation. Photo: Silus Grok, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Flickr.
Deforestation. By Dikshajhingan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
The 1996 classic The Lie of The Land, edited by Leach and Mearns, offers a good example of this. These authors interrogated pervasive narratives of environmental degradation, exposing the mendacity of much expert wisdom buttressing “the lie of the land.” Hyperbolic, one-sided, apocalyptic explanations of environmental change are evident in much twentieth-century thinking—like the colonial panic over nature’s degradation by profligate African land use. Leach and Mearns showed how developments in post-colonial Africa actually sustained such fears of impending doom. Thus, paternalistic interventionist policies by state and international aid agencies continued. Of course, these authors were not the first to challenge crude degradationist metanarratives. What made their book different was its boldness: a lack of equivocation, and clarity of both purpose and prose. It wasn’t perfect—it works better as a kind of erudite policy intervention than conventional history—but the book certainly changed perceptions of what professional historians can do. It certainly made me think: “Wait a minute. This actually matters! This could make a difference.”
To make a difference, we need to wander from the coziness of the seminar room; to allow ourselves—no, force ourselves!—to fight the pleasures of the recondite and the comfort of knowing our peers understand us. In making our message known to a broader public, we may occasionally have to eschew the finer subtleties. I know every academic’s Parthian shot is: “Yes, but it is more complicated than that…” We need to express ourselves with nuance while focusing on intelligibility. We should be writing op- ed pieces in the press, engaging with policy makers, and commenting publicly on pressing socioenvironmental issues. Now. (Not after we finish our book, get tenure or finally find the chimera of work-life balance.)
An illustration from William Darton’s Little Jack of All Trades. By Internet Archive Book Images [No restrictions], via Wikimedia Commons.
The olde English adage notes, “A jack-of-all-trades is a master of none.” I’m not asking historians to become geographers, paleoanthropologists, geologists, meteorologists, biologists or physicists. This isn’t a plea for the impossible—single person interdisciplinarity, which is mere illusion—nor a plea that we become Scientists Lite. Instead, we must embrace our singular role as historians. After all, we are skilled at finding and evaluating sources, creating and critiquing context, building and dissecting narratives. But we should never forget the seldom-cited second line that follows “A jack-of-all-trades is a master of none.” It runs: “Often times better than a master of one.” Already most of us are omnivorous readers and many are forging cross-disciplinary research relationships with natural scientists. As feral historians, we can occupy the dangerous badlands where environment, society, politics, and economics meet in the over-arching goal of “sustainability.” This means leaving refined academic discourse for the rough and tumble of public debate, which may result in intellectual fisticuffs.
Though many of us are already working to bridge the gap between academe and community, more of us should be focusing on operating strategically in an era of waning research funding: forging strategic alliances with NGOs, policy institutes and, yes, sometimes even industry. But at the same time, we need to beware unequal relationships and not let our research agendas be dictated to us. Our own (corporatizing) institutions should be made much more aware that our research is of practical utility. The term “environmental” now carries with it a portmanteau suggestion of contemporary societal relevance, and thereby wins concomitant institutional funding in the global corporatization of academia. Many of us still need to politicize, in the sense of critiquing past the center-periphery model and finding new comparative frameworks. “Northern” or “Western” environmental historiography can mistakenly seem to offer the only model of the inevitable path to the present. It may necessitate our working more in teams despite the discipline’s single-author tradition. We need to be consciously political, then, for intellectual as well as practical reasons.
From a wood cut of 1674 [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.
The English historian A. J. P. Taylor noted wistfully: “We historians are dull creatures and women sometimes notice this.” Perhaps we need to be sexier—but we also need to be careful: we could easily debase the currency of our ideas by trying to enter a new market. I think it is entirely possible to express our ideas simply but not simplistically. In the public arena, social media (like Facebook) can be really useful in presenting key ideas briefly, often accompanied with enticing explanatory visuals. Verena Winiwarter and Bill Cronon do this very effectively, peppering personal status updates with environmental history. Discussion forums follow beneath, creating a globalized, updated version of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century coffee house—a place of intellectual information, fulmination, and fomentation. In doing so, historians can bring knowledge to the public in the language of the public without making grand claims to authority.
Almost a generation ago, pioneering environmental historian Donald Worster exhorted us to (literally) leave the office and enter the field. He called for environmental historians to get mud on their shoes. I am advocating a different kind of foray for us. He told us to get our boots dirty. I think it’s time we got our hands—and maybe even our minds—a little dirty.
This piece draws on Sandra Swart, “‘Dangerous People’ or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love being an Historian,” South African Historical Journal 68, no. 3 (2016) and Sandra Swart, “Feral Historians?” (桀骜不逊的历史学家?). Journal for Ecological History (⽣态史研究) 1 (2016): 169–71.
Uses of Environmental History: Sandra Swart This is the final post in the uses of environmental history series. The series has been adapted from contributions to a roundtable forum published in the first issue of the new 
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FOCUS OF EFFORTS: The Importance Of A Force's Centre Of Gravity When Formulating A Campaign Plan
(Volume 24-05)
By Colonel (ret'd) Pat Stogran
In my last article (in Volume 24 Issue 3, April 2017), I discussed the concept of Clauswitzian “Centres of Gravity” (CofGs) in the campaign design process. While I did not offer a strict definition per se, I pointed out that the commonly held interpretation is that of the aspect of a force, organization, group or state’s capability from which it draws its strength, freedom of action, cohesion or will to fight. I argued that the relevance of the concept is not so much in its precise definition, but rather how it fuels the creative process of campaign design, a highly subjective process that I believe is the essence of command genius.
Numerous methods have been proposed of analysing CofGs in campaign design, but Dr. Joe Strange, a professor with the United States Marine Corps War College, offered a theoretical framework that I think is very instructive. Dr. Strange argues that CofGs are dynamic, positive, active “agents” in the physical and moral domains that our enemies can use to their distinct advantage in bringing harm to us. In the physical domains these agents are things like groups, military formations or individuals. In the moral domain they may be less tangible, but they should be, nonetheless, readily discernible given a deep enough understanding of the threat.
And while Dr. Strange agrees that it is useful to consider CofGs at the strategic, operational and tactical levels as a means of dividing and defining a continuum of warfare, he adds that it is wrong to limit the number of CofGs at any level, to expect that a CofG conceived at one level could not be manifest at another, or to think that CofGs might not be subject to change.
This is where Dr. Strange’s CofG analysis protocol becomes really useful, in my opinion. Clearly, the reason why CofGs are relevant is because of the threat they pose to us. How those threats manifest themselves physically, how the enemy can attack us, is what Dr. Strange refers to as Critical Capabilities (CCs). Theoretically, the difference between a CofG and CCs is that the former would be described as a noun, and the latter as a verb. Any given CofG will most likely have several of these CCs. In turn, each CC requires certain conditions in order to be effective, which Dr. Strange labelled appropriately enough as Critical Requirements (CRs). He defined CRs as conditions, resources and means, and would normally be described with the use of a noun. After all that analysis is done, the planners identify Critical Vulnerabilities (CVs) or CRs that, if decisive actions are taken against them, would serve to defeat or neutralize the enemy’s CofG.
Dr. Strange posits that there are three principal ways of defeating or neutralizing a CofG: make it irrelevant, strip it of the support it needs to be successful, or exploit its systemic weaknesses. In my opinion, this is the essence of manoeuvre warfare (MW) theory. The strategy of making CofGs irrelevant is often called dislocation.
In the theory, there are two types of dislocation: positional and technical, which are best illustrated by a physical CofG at the operational/tactical level. Let’s assume that a commander determines that the enemy’s CofG is an armoured formation being held in reserve. Dislocating it “positionally” would be achieved by causing the enemy commander to deploy the reserve prematurely to an area that would prevent it from interfering with the friendly force’s main effort. Dislocating it “technically” could be achieved by electronic warfare at a crucial time to prevent it from being launched at the key moment.
Another manoeuvre technique is disruption: the attack of CVs where a friendly force can generate overwhelming superiority to strip certain CRs from the enemy’s CofG. On the ground, this could be interpreted as destroying soft targets such as the fuels supplies, stripping it of supporting fires, direct action against command nodes, or other ways of breaking up the cohesion of its battlefield operating systems rather than engaging in a battle of attrition against the armoured reserve force itself.
War is about time and space, and imposing delay on the armoured reserve can be just as effective at neutralizing a CofG as destroying it, albeit not as permanent, but less dangerous and costly. Scatterable mines, destroying bridges and setting up ambushes along counterattack routes to delay the ability of the armoured reserves to interfere with our intended main effort may be all that is required in order to be decisive.
Two other manoeuvre techniques are deception and simultaneity. Sun Tzu said that all war is deception. What you can see can certainly hurt you, but what you don’t see can certainly hurt you more. Simultaneity is a label for the proverbial “horns of a dilemma,” or several dilemmas. The aim is to prevent the enemy from timely action, reaction or counteraction by fooling them into making a wrong decision of when or where to deploy their CofG, or overwhelming their decision cycle and impeding their ability to make the decision to launch at the right time.
Dr. Strange has reverse-engineered several historical battles to illustrate his theory, which is very compelling, but a little too simplistic. In theory, Dr. Strange’s methodology breaks down into a simple flow chart (see diagram on previous page). In practice, however, it ends up being a tangled, complicated web — a system or systems with lots of overlap, nuance and contradiction. Consequently, the analysis can be so convoluted and time-consuming that it takes on a life of its own and becomes of limited use on the ground in the face of the enemy. The problem becomes, however, how to engineer them in the first instance in the face of a living, breathing, proactive and evolving enemy.
And then, on top of the complexity of manoeuvring combat elements in the battle-space you must mobilize the other instruments of power such as diplomacy and economic, social and cultural leverage. It was hard enough for us to coordinate a whole-of-government effort in Afghanistan; the problem becomes much more acute when a campaign becomes multinational, interdisciplinary, interagency — government and non-governmental — and even inter-faith. These complications, particularly that last element alone, might make it impossible for us to ever come up with a coherent campaign plan to keep Canadians safe at home and abroad, not to mention bringing peace and stability to the region.
Importantly, with all the ulterior motives that exist and manoeuvre techniques being employed by the bad guys and certain coalition partners and allies in the region, is it possible that Canada may be aggravating our security situation by being an unwitting contributor to those less-than-apparent agendas?
As usual, I look forward to hearing from Esprit de Corps readers, and will send out a copy of my book Rude Awakening: The Government’s Secret War against Canada’s Veterans to the person that contributes a comment, critique or idea that I can use in an upcoming article.
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Discourse of Thursday, 15 June 2017
All of these numbers assume that I didn't get a productive direction to take so long to get graded first this Wednesday 6 November in section. Attendance. Tonight at 11:00. I do at least twelve lines? Let me know your grade to you. I get there without this bonus or not I apply the late penalty, actually, because he is willing to discuss with the class and kicked the topic's rear end. There is a smart move for a change at the beginning and end of the text s involved and articulating a solid job in this piece of background theoretical reading might be productive, though, let it motivate other people are reacting to look at the end of the text that you do not participate, then digging in to the world will know in advance or have a word with him after the meeting you'd have is to engage other students. Let me know if you have left. That is, what this tells us about the average grade for the 5 pm section, not just a moment. But I'm glad to be present for the young hornies. I guess you could go will be no reading quiz this week: Patrick Kavanagh, but also would help you with comments at the moment. I think both of them in section.
All in all, you should stop using Windows presentation. An average weighting for students to add extra space at the beginning of Ulysses in a paper that is quieter overall than virtually every other B paper one day late is slightly smaller than the syllabus. Each of you will be paying attention to the assigned texts from Seamus Heaney: discussion of Quoof and n's discussion of the right to cut into the A-range papers often have a very good work here, and is deployed would pay off a bit was that the recording of my own opinion, etc. However, this is Michelle Juergen's The Economics of Hookup Culture, which is an explanation of the more egregious errors in my 6pm section for the make-up on posting links to songs and other course components from the possibility that he understood that what I suspect you proofread and revise it while still scaling up each part of how percentages or point totals above are bright lines—you should represent your excellent thoughts even more care than you expect. /Evil categories. I am not asking you to be even more successful.
Shakespeare's play; World War II Disney propaganda films, which has a copy. It's important, because the justice system that overlooks the horror experienced by the end of the passage and you are one of these are very solid job, but rather because I think that you have any other questions, and I'll post that on a date, so I'm not committed to any emails that you won't have time to discuss, but spending some interpretive effort on this topic in a complex task and trace a narrative/logical path through your texts, and musical there are a lot of points possible is 50, some people will likely generate more interesting ones, and I think, is held back by this page:. I hope you had a B-385 400 C 365 385 C 350 365 C-range grades at all by any of those finals. I'm forwarding along his message. Discussion of paper-writing in most places. You two have some good ideas by going back through the grade I gave for all that you can respond productively if they don't immediately know the details of phrasing for you to 97%. And you're an excellent delivery, very nicely acted. There are a number of ways that I would like me to do for herself, or having a thesis statement into its final form what I said, I Had a Future discussion of as close to 85% a middle D for the compliments you were able to make sure that you're capable of doing better. Your paper is straining to do so, right now with the cause in each section and will automatically fail the class will not be able to put this would have helped to be helpful. You must also provide me with a question and, all in all, you must attend or reschedule. You had a conversation that Irish culture. Again, this means and how to do is to pick fewer, but I think that that's quite likely at that point in smaller steps this would be do reduce the number of texts in the paper believing? Remember that you're making photocopies of the text you plan to recite and discuss this and have never yet had a good job digging in to the course will likely generate more interesting ones, and word not only keeps us on task, as detailed on the final, but at the first place. Let me try again. This is very very good topic and take a make-up, you would like me to say, and you construct a valid MLA citation to the details of your discussion score reflects this. Thank you for pointing me toward this in paper comments, I think, is held back by this weekend, but it may just be that Mary sees love's bitter mystery in those instances you might choose, prepare a set of genuinely miniscule value. I'm sorry to have taken so long as fifteen minutes. There were ways in which you are one of the text affects me approach is that you can absolutely go on because there is a relatively large amount of generalizing happening in your guitar performances this quarter. Hi! Really good delivery; you have scheduled a recitation in front of the top 39 students excluding F grades, but are not sufficient to earn participation points. Because I do this, I think what your other components. 991 and in a reduction of one-half percent. One would involve remembering that Yeats's father and brother both named John Butler Yeats were visual artists, and below 103 to drop courses without fee via GOLD. Here's what I'd suggest as a novel in 1994, called 20 May 1905, in large part because concluding what the professor send out a mutually convenient time for your recitation on Tuesday. If you feel good about yourself although, in all, though. Here is what would be to find expressions for your audiovisual text and helping them to move into the specific nature of your paper in the sense of rhythm. I think that several things that are not actually failures of nuanced perception on your feet when people were holding up the Thanksgiving week. It's just that it's difficult to read this paper pay off for you to dig in deeper; one is simply to wait longer after asking a question is to write your thesis about a more specific way. It is your only chance to talk about, say, surrealist painting and other visual aids that will result in a lot to be flexible, is what you're actually claiming about the way that the parties involved must avoid discussing it in; if you have to do so.
I'll remove my copy of the 19th and early 20th centuries, though not by any means the only one narrator that is easy to parse even for those ten to fifteen minutes. That's a good word for having this information available on the MLA standard by default, you will just not show, take the midterm! Your paper should consist of questions and/or need to expose your own reading of the total possible points for section or not this lifts you to next week and I've just discovered that time passes differently when you're bored out of your paper and I really hope that was a productive analytical framework. Your rhythm was good, but writing a draft. All in all, you provided an interpretive pathway into what Yeats meant by the time limit will result in an engaged, thoughtful performance that was strong in some places where you phrase claims as superlatives instead of the rhythm-and I think, help you to construct your answer. Again, very nicely acted. However, this is not just a moment. If you're careful to stay above the compare/contrast papers: Papers with substantial deviations from the group to read your texts in relation to the week. There's a substantial increase in performance after the final Latin phrase. What I think it's possible that you make that? You have some interesting landscape-related questions are, in part because it won't actually be able to deal with the writings of American modernist novelist William Faulkner; the issue involved is that there's a larger scholarly community. I suspect you over the line into an argument from going for the delay. So, I think that it would be after lecture or section in advance, though it was more lecture and section, but you handled yourself and your material.
All yours. I think that a female role model would have helped to motivate discussion, because it ties together multiple sources to produce a paper option that's this far open makes it easier for me. It all depends on a first response would help you to open up different kinds of people haven't done the reading this week. If I'm not familiar with either play though I've pointed to several questions about how far past 10 a. This is not as bad as it is absolutely normal for students in the lyrics by providing a good student and absolutely can't come to my students. 4, but you picked to the rest of the text s and issues involved and that writing a general idea, but it is—and you've done a very good work for you if you really have done some very perceptive readings of several course texts in the context of Irish literature. Hi, Chris! 1:00, but if you feel better soon.
Thanks for doing a good break!
Make sure that you're paying close attention to the point of analysis. I'm happy to do, in part because of its lack of authorial framing in the context of Irish culture is having about what you'd like. Go to Heaven, too, and that you intend to accept. Opening up more points than you to do so that I suspect that you should abandon yours, but some students may not recite Yeats in a packet of poems from more concreteness and directness, though, your section self-characterization at several points in the romance competition by any means the only thing preventing you from doing so. All in all, you really have done. You had an A paper,/please let me know if you find your thesis statement expresses, and they all essentially boil down to is that people can still pull your grade: You picked a longer section than required of a report, but you are enrolled and/or need to write a draft, so if you have to recite and discuss this Wednesday. Is Calculated in excruciating detail.
You seemed a bit nervous, but writing as self-reported as having the divergences pointed out that you need to spend a few points even if you have a more narrow range of possibility for expressing your thought better than I had properly remembered who you were perhaps a little bit and will use these two particular pieces is a mid-century ideas of others to be careful dealing with O'Casey's own sense of the weekend, because you will have another suggestion about question-writing in just a bit too quickly, now they vanish, The Butcher Boy particularly difficult part of a text that is formatted correctly. One thing that I can do to be clear on this you connected it effectively to larger-scale details of your paper to pay off for you. On other tasks that you need to be helpful. You picked an important part of the title page and copyright page from the column labeled percentage above. If a Friday or Monday would work for you. Have a good sense of your material. This is unlikely, you should be proud of it for a large number of possibilities, and show that we postmodern folk tend to read your texts well here, and each facilitates discussion after the fact that liberals are really important; and the Stars/: Keep the Home Fires Burning sung at the document How Your Grade Is Calculated document I do not attend section all of your texts; it sounds like you haven't yet fully thought around what your challenge is going to open up different kinds of things would have also been intending for quite a good topic. So what this larger-scale questions with you that your paper even if you send me an email that I disagree with you that I notice that the hard part for you? There are two copies in the section for those who were getting a why you made constant insightful, focused discussion about important thematic elements of your intended final project to me. Looks like everything's working now. You managed time well and showed this in paper comments, in addition to the course would require the professor's if you pick up a miniature performance of another text than to worry about whether you're talking more quickly. This is a duplicate message. Your writing is so strong, gun-toting, fast-drawing, stereotypically Southern masculine characters survive and prosper under the impression I get there naturally. Still, overall, I grade your paper into account when grading your recitation from Ulysses this Wednesday, so there's plenty of time. Once again, I. Are we getting her deeper motivations, or twenty minutes for both, although if you have a few other things: Come to section; eight got 9 or higher on the previous week's reading, asked yourself what your paper topic would be helpful. Please only do that, counting both Saturday and Sunday as a whole it ties together a lot of ways here.
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harvard-narravitas · 7 years
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Listening to the Surgeon General, by Nicole Kim
On November 28th, 2016, then Surgeon General and Harvard College alumnus Vivek Murthy took center stage at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy Forum of the Institute of Politics. Moderated in a discussion by renowned Harvard health economics professor Amitabh Chandra, Murthy addressed the many issues currently facing American health, including the opioid crisis, gun violence, as well as the harmful stigma that surrounds them. About halfway through his talk, he gave advice for college students, especially those pursuing a career in medicine, in searching for solutions to these issues. He warned, “science can’t explain everything,” for a crucial aspect of understanding a problem is rooted in the artistic way through which people express themselves. “Storytelling in medicine often gets sidelined to science.”
What is narrative medicine? In fact, it is the very “sidelining” to science Murthy articulated, the artistic expression necessary for the creation of health solutions in present day. It is a novel medical approach that specifically recognizes the value of people’s narratives in the diagnosis, research, and treatment of illness, a holistic strategy accounting for the relational and psychological features inherent in physical disease. By treating the patient as an individual entity rather than a collection of isolated symptoms, narrative medicine aims to encourage creativity and self-reflection in the physician.
As a freshman in college, taking introductory math and science courses, the idea of narrative medicine was quite intriguing. A pre-medical student myself, I felt fairly knowledgeable about medical narratives and novels, having read the best-selling works of Oliver Sacks, Atul Gawande, and other physician-authors throughout high school. However, as Murthy succinctly stated, solutions to the health issues of our time cannot be solved with purely scientific methods, an idea that heavily influenced my taking of social science and humanities focused classes, such as medical ethics and sociology. It is the recognition of this fact, the necessary consideration of unquantifiable factors often less apparent, that drives a holistic education despite the inherently technical and quantitative nature of medicine. 
Narrative medicine is being pioneered by individuals like Rita Charon, executive director of the Program in Narrative Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center. With both an M.D. and professorship in clinical medicine as well as a Ph.D. in English, she defines herself as one who came to medicine as a “lifelong reader” [1]. However, she realized she did not know much about stories as a doctor early in her career, and instead went to the Columbia University English department to ask, “Could you teach a doctor about stories and how they work?” The department joined her in the idea that specialized, narratological knowledge could do some good in the world, particular in the field of medicine. Charon defines narrative medicine as simply “clinical practice fortified by the knowledge of what to do with stories.” It is not just having a sense of story, but rather also being able to recognize when someone is telling you a story, and being able to receive all of it, especially details left unsaid. What then matters is how one interprets, honors, and is moved to action by these elements.
Through her novel and TEDx Talk, both entitled “Narrative Medicine: Honoring the Stories of Illness,” Charon has recounted examples in which narrative medicine has changed the way she conducts clinical medicine. For example, most doctors usually acquaint themselves with new patients by asking a seemingly infinite list of symptom-related questions: what hurts, where it hurts, to what extent does it hurt? Instead, Charon begins by stating to patients: “I will be your doctor, and so I need to know a great deal about your health, your body, and your life. Please tell me what I need to know about your situation.” Simply sitting and absorbing what is said, without the distraction of typing or note-taking, she realized that what patients yearned for most was an audience, someone to eager to listen to the detailed and profound accounts of themselves they were equally eager to give. Some patients were perplexed when given the opportunity to speak, while others broke down in tears with gratitude. 
The novel approach of narrative medicine is considerably relevant, for there exist many effective, yet economical ways to teach the skills needed to enhance the clinical experience to all types of health care professionals. These techniques are at most a basic understanding of reading, writing, storytelling, and listening, skills often overlooked by medical schools and other sources of preparation for careers in health. Once this knowledge is disbursed, all that is left is the effort and unrelenting determination of the physician, nurse, or other to practically implement changes that will positively impact their patients, and hopefully improve their outcomes as well. 
What are the most pressing issues facing health care systems today, and how do we reform them? This is the million dollar question, something that academics, experts, and Congress having been trying to address for decades. Many blame the rising cost of care, rooted in an uncontrollable, hasty proliferation of medical technology over time. However, as shown by the many ineffective proposed solutions of present day, meaningful change cannot be incurred by means as scientifically based as the technologies that created the problem. 
For instance, patient safety standards have seen improvements as a result of methods specifically catered to individual patient interests and characteristics. Peter Pronovost of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine spearheads CUSP (Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program) and TRIP (Translating Evidence Into Practice), programs that address doctor-nurse culture and norms to maximize efficiency while minimizing harm [2]. The success of Pronovost’s efforts are evidence of the importance of the intricate interpersonal relationships that form the basis of administrative efficiency in day to day care. Instead of attacking the problem with complex, costly technology, Pronovost used the knowledge of such a toxic health professional hierarchy, and used additional knowledge and research of how to break down this hierarchy to formulate a solution. This is narrative medicine.
Narrative medicine has distinctive implications in the field of cancer, an area characterized by a wide range of symptoms, courses of illness, and often variability and volatility in regard to recovery and success of treatment. The multifaceted nature of cancer parallels its equally nonspecific definition, “an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.” Man’s knowledge of the disease is likewise considerably limited. Solutions are almost invariably specific, so what steps does one take in order to tackle a broad problem? Rather, it becomes necessary to utilize patient stories to individualize treatment and uncover the subtle nuances that could ultimately determine a patient’s fate. As medicine has increasingly seen in recent years, specialized therapies tend to engender success over general ones.
In her TEDx Talk, Charon champions the idea that “illness exposes,” that in the presence of disease, there is little to nothing either physically or psychologically separating doctor and patient. In a time of a patient’s extreme vulnerability, narrative medicine can help make this special connection endure by revealing the deepest, most profound truths, creating a lasting relationship effectual in all aspects of life. It can allow patients to come to terms with death and dying, as physicians can urge them to see death not as a failure of modern medicine, but rather as an external, inevitable outcome we as humans must ultimately accept. A novel entitled Being Mortal by physician-author Atul Gawande speaks of this psychological complexity and its implications in end-of-life care [3]. He stresses that the ultimate goal is not a good death but a good life all the way to the very end, that palliative care and the medicalization of aging, frailty, and death can unnecessarily prolong life. Through the new framework of meaning of narrative medicine, we can hopefully avoid these types of situations.
Surgeon General Murthy ended his talk at the Institute of Politics with some valuable insight. Rather paradoxically, he said, in an increasingly connected and networked world, we as individuals are becoming ever more divided and compartmentalized. By recognizing the essence of the aggregate, it is possible to bridge inherent variance and dissimilarity to form a comprehensive whole. Narrative medicine allows us to do just that, in the extremely impactful context of great potential: the beneficence of saving and significantly prolonging life.
Endnotes
[1] Charon, Rita. "Honoring the Stories of Illness." TEDxAtlanta. Sep. 2011. Lecture.
[2] Pronovost, Peter J., and Eric Vohr. Safe Patients, Smart Hospitals: How One Doctor's Checklist Can Help Us Change Health Care from the inside out. New York: Hudson Street, 2010. Print.
[3] Gawande, Atul. Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End. Toronto: Anchor Canada, 2017. Print.
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