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reidbrod657 · 2 years ago

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Shadow Wellness Tina Jones Respiratory Documents

The traditional symptoms of breathing distress are nasal flaring, grunting, as well as retractions. Nasal flaring and moderate grunting are common in the immediate postnatal period, yet in the healthy newborn they should solve within 15 to 20 minutes after birth. The respiratory price normally reduces as the job or effort of breathing increases, as shown by the advancement of groaning and also boosting retractions. When breathing distress is mild, recurring groaning at a slower breathing rate might alternating with periods of moderate tachypnea.

Oxygen is used to build the fundamental foundation of life, such as carbs, lipids, and also nucleic acids.

During all elements of the analysis, observe for tiredness or discomfort.

Retractions need a powerful inspiratory initiative as well as decreased lung conformity, as well as they might be absent or less noticeable than expected in a baby with neuromuscular clinical depression.

Unsatisfactory- No physical assessment documentation or no treatment strategy.

Chest development to be symetrical with respiration.

This study will give the possibility to carefully analyze lung noises throughout the checkup. Make sure to appropriately record your searchings for making use of proper clinical terminology. As a household registered nurse practitioner, you need to possess superb physical analysis abilities.

Nr 509: Shadow Health And Wellness Respiratory System Physical Evaluation Project

Breathing troubles are not likely to be discovered in a newborn who is centrally pink as well as breathing pleasantly at a typical rate. On respiratory system assessment, he has actually lowered air entry as well as dullness at the right lung base. If another condition is triggering pulmonary hypertension, the underlying condition needs to be dealt with first. This can often stop the pulmonary arteries being completely damaged.

Apply progressed practice nursing expertise to gathering health and wellness background details as well as health examination findings for different patient populations. Because that occurrence she keeps in mind that she has had 10 episodes of wheezing and has lack of breath around every four hours. Her last episode of shortness of breath was this morning before concerning facility. She notes that her existing signs appear to be intensified by existing flat and activity and also are come with by a non-productive cough. She awakens with night-time shortness of breath two times per night.

New England Pain Administration Experts At Brand-new England Baptist Healthcare Facility

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Carbon is a crucial aspect for all living microorganisms, as it is made use of to build the basic building blocks of life, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Carbon is likewise made use of to construct the energy-rich particles adenosine triphosphate as well as guanosine triphosphate. Hydrogen is made use of to create the molecules water and also natural substances with carbon.

Respiratory System Concept Lab In Shadow Health And Wellness

Additionally, the xxxx is much less conscious xxxx and xxx as well as greater residual quantity. As a result of these changes, xxx go to enhanced risk for xxxx and also xxxx (Minaker, 2011; Sharma & Goodwin, 2006). Percussion of the upper body, hardly ever done as component of regular evaluation of newborn, can be valuable for approximating the position of the top margin of the liver. Transillumination can be helpful for sustaining a quick diagnosis of pneumothorax in a troubled baby, but it is not trustworthy for detecting a tiny pneumothorax that generates minimal signs.

Pulmonary function screening is useful in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, a typical cause of persistent radiographic searchings for in kids. Furthermore, kids with CF and also other root causes of bronchiectasis usually have obstructive issues on their pulmonary function tests. Lung hypertension can not be healed, however therapy can decrease the signs and symptoms as well as assist you handle your problem. If you have a kind of lung high blood pressure called lung arterial hypertension, you may not have any signs until the condition is fairly innovative.

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myabhijitr · 6 years ago

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Test Phantom Market - Size, Share, Outlook, and Analysis, 2018-2026

A test phantom is readily available and offers more reliable results than the use of human volunteers. Various test phantoms are available in the market such as CT test phantom, mammography test phantom, ultrasound test phantom, radiation oncology test phantom, and MRI test phantoms. Each type of the test phantom offers diverse information about the body part being examined for injury or disease treatment. Recent advances in test phantom techniques provide a better non-invasive solution for identifying various chronic diseases and treatment associated with it.

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Increasing prevalence of various chronic diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and cancer is expected to contribute to significant growth of the test phantom market. For instance, according to the World Health Organization key fact 2018, cancer was the second leading cause of death worldwide and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Moreover, medical imaging is one of the important parts of healthcare industry, as nearly all the diagnostics and treatment are based upon the analysis provided by the imaging techniques.

Increasing use of imaging techniques in the healthcare sector is expected to propel growth of the test phantom market. For instance, according to National Health Services (U.K.) diagnostic imaging dataset statistical release, around 41 million medical imaging tests were reported in England in 2017, 3.49 million imaging tests were recorded in January 2017, with radiograph being performed 1.89 million times, followed by diagnostic ultrasonography (Ultrasound, 0.77 million), computerized axial tomography (CT scan, 0.40 million), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 0.28 million).

Furthermore, government funding for enhanced imaging solutions is expected to significantly boost the market growth. For instance, in 2014, the U.K Government funded US$ 27,327,000 to build an Imaging Center for Excellence (ICE) at the University of Glasgow. However, high maintenance cost related with medical test phantoms is expected to hamper the market growth.

Increasing research and development activities in imaging technologies in the region. Moreover, increasing use of diagnostic services by healthcare facilities is expected to propel growth of the market. For instance, according to National Science and Technology Council 2017 report, 79 million CT scans, 39 million MRI scans, and 1.7 million PET scans were performed in the U.S in 2015.

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Major players operating in the test phantom markets include, Fluke Corporation, IBA, Sun Nuclear Corporation, Biodex Medical Systems, Standard Imaging, Capintec, Pro-Project, The Phantom Laboratory, RaySafe, Carville, CIRS, Kyoto Kagaku Co., Ltd, Modus Medical Devices, Radiology Support Devices, and 3-Dmed.

Key players are focused on adopting market strategies such as collaboration, mergers, and new product launch in order to retain dominant position in the market. For instance, in 2014, Kyoto Kagaku Co., Ltd launched Female Pelvis Ultrasound Phantom US-14a and US-14b, it has features such as accurate cerebral anatomy just like human brain.

#test phantom market #test phantom market size #test phantom market outlook

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brettecrowca · 4 years ago

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Clinical Evaluations in Boynton Beach, FL - Freedom Now Clinic

Table of ContentsWhat Is Clinical And Radiographic DiagnosisHow Is The Clinical Diagnosis Of A Uti EstablishedWhat Is Diagnosis In Clinical PsychologyDual Diagnosis Is A Clinical Diagnosis That Is Used When A Person Is Addicted To More Than One DrugWhat Type Of Results Are To Be Expected Based On A Diagnosis Confirming Clinical Data?What Is The Clinical Diagnosis Of AlchoholsmWhich Of The Following Pairs Must Be Present For The Clinical Diagnosis Of Pps?What Clinical Diagnosis Would You Utilize In ShinglesWhat Does Clinical Diagnosis MeanHow To Write Clinical Diagnosis

Hippocrates was known to make medical diagnoses by tasting his clients' urine and smelling their sweat. Medical medical diagnosis or the actual procedure of making a diagnosis is a cognitive process. A clinician utilizes a number of sources of data and puts the pieces of the puzzle together to make a diagnostic impression. The preliminary diagnostic impression can be a broad term explaining a classification of diseases instead of a specific illness or condition.

Diagnostic procedures are the specific tools that the clinicians utilize to narrow the diagnostic possibilities. The plural of medical diagnosis is diagnoses. The verb is to identify, and a person who diagnoses is called a diagnostician. The word is derived through Latin from the Greek word (dignsis) from (diagignskein), suggesting "to discern, identify".

How To Write Clinical Diagnosis For Dsm 5 And Icd 10

It might be a matter of calling the illness, lesion, dysfunction or impairment. It may be a management-naming or prognosis-naming exercise. It might indicate either degree of problem on a continuum or type of irregularity in a category. It's affected by non-medical aspects such as power, ethics and monetary rewards for client or doctor.

It may be a method of communication such as a computer system code through which it triggers payment, prescription, notification, information or advice. It may be pathogenic or salutogenic. It's normally unpredictable and provisional. When a diagnostic viewpoint has been reached, the service provider has the ability to propose a management strategy, which will include treatment in addition to plans for follow-up.

Which Of The Following Is A Problem With Using Unstructured Clinical Interviews In Diagnosis?

A treatment strategy is proposed which might include therapy and follow-up consultations and tests to keep track of the condition and the progress of the treatment, if required, usually according to the medical guidelines provided by the medical field on the treatment of the particular illness. what clinical assessment data supports the diagnosis of arf for mrs. hayes. Pertinent info should be contributed to the medical record of the patient.

Nancy McWilliams identifies 5 factors that determine the requirement for medical diagnosis: diagnosis for treatment planning; info included in it related to prognosis; protecting interests of patients; a medical diagnosis may help the therapist to empathize with his client; might decrease the probability that some afraid clients will go-by the treatment. Sub-types of medical diagnoses consist of: Scientific medical diagnosis A medical diagnosis made on the basis of medical indications and reported signs, instead of diagnostic tests Laboratory medical diagnosis A diagnosis based considerably on lab reports or test results, instead of the physical exam of the client.

What Is A Clinical Diagnosis

Radiology diagnosis A diagnosis based mainly on the results from medical imaging studies. Greenstick fractures prevail radiological diagnoses. Tissue medical diagnosis A diagnosis based upon the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular assessment of tissues such as biopsies or entire organs. For instance, a conclusive medical diagnosis of cancer is made through tissue examination by a pathologist.

Many clients have extra diagnoses. Admitting diagnosis The diagnosis given as the reason the patient was confessed to the health center; it may vary from the actual issue or from the discharge diagnoses, which are the medical diagnoses taped when the client is discharged from the health center. A procedure of determining all of the possible diagnoses that might be connected to the signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings, and then ruling out medical diagnoses up until a last decision can be made.

What Is The Definition Of Clinical Diagnosis

They are standards, usually released by worldwide committees, and they are developed to provide the very best sensitivity and uniqueness possible, respect the existence of a condition, with the advanced technology. Medical diagnosis work done before birth A medical condition whose presence can not be developed with total self-confidence from history, examination or screening.

The medical diagnosis of two related, however different, medical conditions or co-morbidities. The term often described a diagnosis of a severe mental illness and a compound dependency, nevertheless, the increasing occurrence of hereditary testing has actually revealed lots of cases of patients with several concomitant congenital diseases. The medical diagnosis or recognition of a medical conditions in oneself.

How Does A Clinical Psychologist Diagnosis

What Is A Clinical Diagnosis

A type of telemedicine that diagnoses a client without being physically in the same space as the patient. Rather than focusing on biological procedures, a nursing diagnosis recognizes individuals's reactions to situations in their lives, such as a preparedness to alter or a determination to accept assistance. Supplying signs enables the computer system to recognize the issue and detect the user to the very best of its ability.

The medical diagnosis of "illness" that will never ever trigger symptoms, distress, or death throughout a client's lifetime An unclear, or even completely phony, medical or psychiatric label offered to the patient or to the medical records department for essentially non-medical reasons, such as to assure the client by supplying an official-sounding label, to make the supplier appearance efficient, or to obtain approval for treatment.

What Is A Clinical Diagnosis

The labeling of a disease in a historic figure or particular historic occasion utilizing contemporary knowledge, approaches and disease categories. See for variants. Thompson, C. & Dowding, C. (2009) Essential Decision Making and Medical Judgement for Nurses. "Making a medical diagnosis", John P. Langlois, Chapter 10 in Principles of clinical practice (2002 ).

Mengel, Warren Lee Holleman, Scott A - what is clinical diagnosis. Fields. Second edition. p. 198. "Making a diagnosis", John P. Langlois, Chapter 10 in Fundamentals of medical practice (2002 ). Mark B. Mengel, Warren Lee Holleman, Scott A. Fields. 2nd edition. p. 204. Wadhwa, R. R.; Park, D. Y.; Natowicz, M. R. (2018 ). "The precision of computerbased diagnostic tools for the recognition of concurrent congenital diseases".

Which Clinical Manifestations Support A Diagnosis Of Hyperglycemia? Select All That Apply.

176 (12 ): 270409. doi:10.1002/ ajmg.a. 40651. PMID 30475443. Decision support group. 26 July 2005. 17 Feb. 2009 "workup". The Free Dictionary. Damestani , Yasaman( 2013 ). "Transparent nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized-zirconia calvarium prosthesis". Nanomedicine. Elsevier Inc. 9( 8): 113538. doi:10.1016/ j.nano. 2013.08.002. PMID 23969102. Discussed by Mohan, Geoffrey( September 4, 2013). "A window to the brain? It's here, states UC Riverside team". "Diagnostic errors are leading cause of effective.

malpractice claims ". The Washington Post. 2012-04-30. Obtained 2016-10-31. "What is overdiagnosis?". NCBI. Coon, Eric; Moyer , Virginia; Schroeder, Alan; Quinonez, Ricardo." Overdiagnosis: How Our Obsession for Diagnosis May Be Harming Kid". AAP News and Journals Gateway. Gawande, Atul." America's Upsurge of Unnecessary Care ". The New Yorker. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. p. S-1. doi:10.17226/ 21794. ISBN 978-0-309-37769-0. PMID 26803862. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list( link) Johnson, P. E. ; Duran, A. S.; Hassebrock, F.; Moller, J.; Prietula, M.; Feltovich, P. J.; Swanson, D. B.( 1981). "Expertise and Mistake in Diagnostic Reasoning". Cognitive Science. doi:10.1207/ s15516709cog0503_3. Chan, K. W.; Felson, D. T.; Yood, R. A.; Walker, A. M. (1994).

How Does A Clinical Psychologist Diagnosis

" The lag time between onset of signs and medical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis ". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 37 (6 ): 81420. doi:10.1002/ art. 1780370606. PMID 8003053. Workplace of Health and Human Solutions: Workplace of Inspector General (1993 ). " Medicare's Reimbursement for Interpretations of Medical Facility Emergency Clinic X-Rays "( PDF)." Edwin Smith Papyrus". Retrieved 2015-02-28. H. F. J. Horstmanshoff, Marten Stol, Cornelis Tilburg( 2004), Magic and Rationality in Ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman.

Medicine, pp. 9798, Brill Publishers, 90-04-13666-5. Jingfeng, C.( 2008 )." Medication in China". Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. pp. 152934. doi:10.1007/ 978-1-4020-4425-0_8500. "What Would Hipocrates Do?". Retrieved February 28, 2015." Online Etymology Dictionary". Treasure, Wilfrid (2011). " Chapter1: Medical diagnosis". Diagnosis and Threat Management in Medical care: words that count, numbers that speak. Oxford: Radcliffe. ISBN 978-1-84619-477-1. McWilliams, Nancy( 2011). Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. Guilford. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-60918-494-0." confessing medical diagnosis". The Free Dictionary . Berner, E. D.; Shugerman, A.A.; et al." Performance of 4 computer-based diagnostic systems". New England Journal of Medication. 330( 25): 179296. doi:10.1056/ NEJM199406233302506.

Where Can I Get Clinical Cases And Diagnosis

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WebMed Solutions. "Connection between start of signs and medical diagnosis". Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Recovered 15 January 2012. It's especially essential to talk to a GP if you: In some cases, when you're depressed it can be difficult to picture that treatment can really assist. But the quicker you look for treatment, the sooner your anxiety will enhance (describe the goals of clinical assessment and diagnosis. explain how these goals affect treatment.). There are no physical tests for depression, but a GP may examine you and perform some urine or blood tests to eliminate other conditions that have comparable symptoms, such as an underactive thyroid. Try to be as open and truthful as you can be with your responses. Describing your signs and how they're affecting you will assist the GP figure out whether you have anxiety and how serious it is . Any conversation you have with.

a GP will be confidential. This rule will just ever be broken if there's a considerable danger of harm to either yourself or others, and if notifying a member of the family or carer would reduce that danger.

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Clinical Evaluations in Boynton Beach, FL

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tophateliquids · 5 years ago

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New Mayo Clinic Study Further Implicates Contaminated THC Oils in Respiratory Disease Outbreaks and Refutes Claim that Store-Bought Nicotine E-Liquids are Involved

A study published yesterday in the New England Journal of Medicine by a team of researchers at the Mayo Clinic provides further evidence that contaminated THC oils are likely playing a major role in the vaping-associated respiratory disease outbreak and makes it even less likely that store-bought nicotine e-liquids are playing any role at all. Here is the key evidence provided by the paper: 1. The overwhelming majority of patients admitted to vaping THC oils. Approximately 76% of the patients studied who reported on product use admitted to vaping marijuana (13 out of 17 patients). Because urine THC testing was either not conducted or not reported, it is not possible to state that any of these cases occurred in a patient who had not vaped a marijuana-based product. In one case, a patient had been vaping nicotine e-liquids for five years, but then tried vaping marijuana and was in the hospital with respiratory distress within a few days. His vaping history was reported as: "vaping nicotine for 5 years; on weekend prior to presentation, started vaping nicotine with marijuana for the first time." 2. The study authors suspect a direct chemical injury to the lungs, suggesting that a new contaminant, not traditional nicotine e-liquids, is the most likely cause. After examining the lung biopsies, the authors concluded that the most likely explanation for these cases is "direct lung toxicity from an inhaled noxious agent or agents." The ingredients of store-bought nicotine e-liquids is quite standard. These e-liquids contain propylene glycol, glycerin, water, nicotine, and flavorings. This formula is ubiquitous for all store-sold nicotine e-liquids and there have not been any recent changes to these ingredients. The FDA's testing of the recovered nicotine e-liquids from case patients have so far not revealed any contaminants. These products have been sold for years without reported problems of lung toxicity. In contrast, black market THC products and counterfeit vape cartridges sold over the internet and by street dealers are very susceptible to contamination. Unlike legal THC oils, the black market products are not tested, and therefore might contain pesticides, residual solvents, other noxious chemicals, or synthetic cannabinoids, each of which could potentially cause a direct chemical injury to the lung. In fact, acute respiratory toxicity from synthetic cannabinoids has been observed. So has acute alveolar hemorrhage and a more subacute lung injury characterized radiographically by diffuse hazy densities. Moreover, just lack week, testing of a large number of black market THC vape cartridges revealed that they "all contained myclobutanil, a fungicide that can transform into hydrogen cyanide when burned," which can have severe respiratory toxicity. It was also recently shown that vaping butane hash oil can result in severe lung toxicity that presents in a similar fashion to the current outbreak cases. 3. The study findings are not necessarily inconsistent with lipoid pneumonia. Although the study authors opine that the pathological findings are not indicative of exogenous lipoid pneumonia, the basis for this conclusion is not clear. The authors' assertion seems to be based primarily on their failure to find "coalescent of lipid into large droplets." However, there are many previous reports of exogenous lipoid pneumonia in which the pathology examination did not report finding a coalescence of lipid into large droplets in the lung. The main finding in these previous studies (example) was the presence of lipid-laden macrophages, just as the primary finding in the current study was the presence of foamy (lipid-laden) macrophages. The radiographic findings in many of the cases and the finding of lipid-laden macrophages are consistent with a diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia in at least some of the observed cases. I think it is premature to rule out the significance of the inhalation of large quantities of viscous oil in the pathogenesis of the disease. The results of this study add to the growing evidence that contaminated black market THC oils or counterfeit, bootleg vape cartridges are the primary, if not sole, cause of the outbreak. In two cases, legally purchased THC oils from dispensaries in Oregon were implicated. However, there are no cases that have been shown to be associated with the use of store-purchased nicotine e-liquids and it seems extremely unlikely that these products have any involvement in the outbreak. New Mayo Clinic Study Further Implicates Contaminated THC Oils in Respiratory Disease Outbreaks and Refutes Claim that Store-Bought Nicotine E-Liquids are Involved was originally posted by E-Sigaret Nieuws

#E-Sigaret Nieuws

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millioninsightsreports · 7 years ago

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Global Mammography Equipment Market To Witness Swift Growth Owing To Rising Demand From Medical Devices Industries Till 2021

The Global Mammography Equipment Market is segmented on the basis of equipment type, region. Mammography is a specific type of breast imaging that uses low-dose x-rays to detect cancer early before women experience symptoms, when it is most treatable. A mammography exam, called a mammogram, supports in the early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. An x-ray (radiograph) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body. X-Rays are the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging.

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Mammography is one of the most technically exacting radiographic procedures. A small change in technique or processing factors can have a significant effect on image quality and radiation dose delivered to the breast. In order to produce mammograms at the lowest doses reliable with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, it is necessary that careful consideration be given to the selection of equipment, patient positioning and imaging techniques and the establishment of an effective quality control program.

On the basis of product type, the mammography equipment market is classified into Digital radiography mammography equipment, and Film-screen mammography equipment (X-Ray Source Assembly, X-Ray Generator), computer-aided detection and breast tomosynthesis (2D digital mammography and 3D tom synthesis).

Film-screen mammography, the standard imaging modality for detecting suspicious lesions at an early stage in the breasts of asymptomatic women. It has a high sensitivity in detecting suspicious lesions in the breasts composed primarily of fatty tissue. Digital mammography, also called full-field digital mammography (FFDM), is a mammography system in which the x-ray film is replaced by electronics that convert x-rays into mammographic pictures of the breast. These systems are similar to those found in digital cameras and their efficacy allows better pictures with a lower radiation dose. These images of the breast are transferred to a computer for review by the radiologist and for long-term storage.

Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems search digitized mammographic images for abnormal areas of density, mass, or calcification that may indicate the presence of cancer. The CAD system highlights these areas on the images, alerting the radiologist to carefully assess this area. Breast tomosynthesis, also called three-dimensional (3-D) mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), is an advanced form of breast imaging where multiple images of the breast from different angles are captured and reconstructed into a three-dimensional image set.

Geographically, the global market is segmented into North America (U.S., Canada), Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and England, Eastern Europe, CIS), Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Australia, Others), Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, others), and Middle East and Africa. North America accounts for the largest market share of the mammography equipment market and is expected to remain dominant over the forecast period. Followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. This is due to due to early adoption of new technology and rising incidence of breast cancer in these regions.

The U.S. is dominating the North American mammography equipment market due to technological advancements and increasing reimbursements for full-field digital mammography. Asia is expected to show high growth rate during the forecast period. This is due to rising incidence of cancer in this region. The key players are Fujifilm Medical Systems USA, GE Healthcare, Hologic, Philips Healthcare, and Siemens Healthcare.

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#Mammography Equipment Market Size #share #trends #growth #analysis #forecast #reports

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ezatluba · 7 years ago

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Finding lead in pets

Lead contamination affects people and probably pets

By Greg Cima

Sept. 27, 2017

Pets may have an underrecognized risk of lead toxicosis.

Dr. Daniel K. Langlois, an assistant professor at the Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, said toxicosis probably is rare, but testing is uncommon. In addition, lead exposure is associated with nonspecific neurologic and gastrointestinal clinical signs, and lead toxicosis can be mistaken for other diseases.

He said Michigan State's Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory received infrequent requests for blood lead tests before the 2015 identification of a lead contamination crisis in the Flint, Michigan, municipal water supply. With the exception of case reports, he also has seen little published on lead exposure in dogs or cats over the preceding 20 years.

Dr. Langlois ran a series of clinics to test blood lead concentrations in dogs during 2016 in Flint, and he is lead author of a JAVMA scientific report on the results. Their testing showed that the median blood lead concentration for Flint dogs was 4 times the median concentration among dogs in control populations even after the contamination had been identified and most owners had started giving their dogs water from alternative sources.

Federal documents indicate Flint's contamination resulted from a change in the water supply and failure to apply corrosion control. But the JAVMA article notes that other U.S. cities use lead-containing pipes and solder, and lead exposure is a problem beyond Flint.

Dr. Langlois said in an interview he was not suggesting that veterinarians test for lead first when dogs have gastrointestinal disease or consider it first in response to neurologic signs. But he recommends considering lead exposure when no other explanation is available.

In the absence of surveillance for lead exposure in pets, the number or percentage of pets with exposure or toxicosis is unknown. The available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Environmental Protection Agency provide some indication of how many homes have lead exposure risks. Most of those data are from public health campaigns intended to reduce lead exposure in children.

The CDC estimates about 500,000 children ages 1-5 years have blood lead concentrations exceeding 5 micrograms per deciliter, the concentration at which the CDC recommends public health action. About 3 percent of the 2.4 million children tested in 2015 had concentrations exceeding 5 micrograms per deciliter, and 0.5 percent had concentrations of at least 10 micrograms per deciliter.

A CDC spokeswoman said those figures likely underestimate how many children have lead exposure. Not all children are tested for blood lead concentrations, not all states require reports for lead exposure, and not all states participate in the CDC's surveillance.

Separate EPA information indicates that, when all U.S. children are counted, more than 1 million have been poisoned by lead from old paint alone.

The risks increase with the age of a home.

The EPA warns that homes built before 1986 likely have lead or lead-containing pipes, fixtures, and solder. Until January 2014, new pipes, fittings, and fixtures could be 8 percent lead.

About 24 million U.S. homes have deteriorating lead-based paint, according to the CDC, and paint dust is the most substantial source of lead poisoning in children.

Dr. Langlois' JAVMA article cites among its sources a December 1986 article, "Review of lead poisoning in dogs," which indicates lead toxicosis then was the most common accidental poisoning in domestic animals. It was published in the Veterinary Bulletin of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Weybridge, England. Even then, accurate prevalence data were unavailable.

Detection is rare

John P. Buchweitz, PhD, toxicology section chief at the MSU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and a co-author of the Flint article, said lead toxicosis identified in pets before the crisis in Flint tended to be associated with known exposures, such as ingestion of paint chips.

In the four years preceding the Flint water crisis, Dr. Buchweitz said the laboratory conducted blood lead tests on 233 dogs and found 21 had lead exposure, defined by blood lead concentrations of at least 50 parts per billion. Six had clear toxicosis, with concentrations of at least 350 ppb.

Dr. Buchweitz has seen an increase in blood lead test submissions from Flint and neighboring communities since the city's water contamination was identified, but he has seen no change in submissions from areas outside Michigan. He declined to identify the communities.

The 387 tests conducted in 2016, which include the Flint study, found that 11 dogs met that definition for lead exposure, and at least one had toxicosis.

Dr. Robert H. Poppenga, a professor of veterinary clinical toxicology at the University of California-Davis, said veterinarians submit few blood samples for lead testing to the university veterinary diagnostic laboratory, and toxicosis has not seemed to be a common consideration. Two or three dogs had confirmed toxicosis in the past decade, but he did not remember any cats in which toxicosis was confirmed.

The public may think lead use is restricted and not see environmental release as a substantial issue, he said.

Dr. Poppenga is part of a research team that recently found that about 3 percent of backyard chickens submitted for necropsy were positive for lead exposure. The study examined the livers of 1,200 chickens, most from urban areas.

Some passed enough lead into their eggs that a child eating one egg daily would exceed EPA-recommended lead ingestion limits. Yet, most chickens lacked clinical signs of illness, Dr. Poppenga said.

Dr. Tina Wismer, medical director at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals' Animal Poison Control Center and author of the chapter on lead in the 2013 book "Small Animal Toxicology," said about 300 people have called the ASPCA about lead exposure in pets over the past 10 years. Most called about acute exposures, especially through paint chips from window sills or dust from remodeling.

Veterinary technicians draw blood for a lead concentration test in May 2016 in Flint, Michigan. (Courtesy of Emily Lenhard/MSU CVM)

Poison control hotline operators also have recommended blood lead tests when callers described strange neurologic signs. Lead is one of few causes of intermittent seizures in cats, for example.

But Dr. Wismer also noted that lead toxicosis causes varied clinical signs, including lethargy, behavioral changes, and anemia. Checking a blood lead concentration can help rule out lead poisoning, she said. She also noted that lead deposits can be seen in radiographs.

In "Small Animal Toxicology," Dr. Wismer wrote that dogs and cats can be exposed to lead through automotive batteries, bone meal supplements, ceramic glazes, fishing weights, curtain weights, lead paint, solder, putty, and caulk.

"Gastrointestinal absorption of lead in adult animals varies from 5% to 15% depending on the physical form, whereas young animals absorb lead more readily, with up to 50% being absorbed," the book states.

Inhaled lead is almost fully absorbed, Dr. Wismer wrote.

A 1994 report, "Household pets as monitors of lead exposure in humans," indicates researchers with the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine found that dogs and cats were more likely than their owners to have high blood lead concentrations. The study, conducted for Illinois' Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center, examined effects of lead-contaminated soil on dogs, cats, and children near a shuttered lead smelter.

About 30 percent of pets and 13 percent of people had high blood lead concentrations, according to the report. Dogs and cats increase their risk through chewing, digging, and grooming.

"There is a strong, positive relationship between BLC in animals and their owners, especially pre-school children," the report states. "Because testing an entire population potentially exposed to lead is such a costly and stressful process, it is our suggestion to test dogs and cats instead."

Dr. Buchweitz said animals, especially pets, can be sentinels for health risks to humans. Dr. Wismer said that, in areas where animals have lead poisoning, people should be tested.

Prevention needed

The American Academy of Pediatrics published in 2016 a policy statement indicating lead toxicosis remains a public health priority in the U.S. Blood lead concentrations in U.S. children have declined over the past four decades, a period during which leaded gasoline was phased out, the allowable lead content of paint was decreased to 90 parts per million, regulations under the EPA Lead and Copper Rule forced reductions of lead content in tap water, and lead solder was banned from use in canned foods.

"It is difficult to accurately apportion the decline in blood lead concentrations to specific sources, but the combined effect of these regulations clearly led to the dramatic reductions in children's blood lead concentration," the article states. "The key to preventing lead toxicity in children is to reduce or eliminate persistent sources of lead exposure in their environment."

Jennifer Lowry, MD, chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Environmental Health and section chief for toxicology and environmental health at Children's Mercy Kansas City, said Flint's water contamination crisis showed the public that lead contamination remains in our environment. It also temporarily turned attention toward water and away from more common sources of exposure, such as paint chips.

In children, lead poisoning mimics other diseases or can be asymptomatic. Neurologic effects can be subtle. Delayed speech is discovered at 2-3 years of age, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is discovered at school age, she said.

Where lead-contaminated dust can affect children, for example, she expects it also could affect animals in the home. Testing pets for exposure is worth considering, she said.

"In order to fix this problem, there needs be an effort for primary prevention," she said. "Because once an animal or a child has an elevated lead level, it's too late, right? Now we have to play catch-up."

She said that, in human medicine, physicians could help prevent poisoning by asking new parents about the age of their home, the state of repair, their occupations, and their hobbies. But those tasks are not performed in pediatric medicine.

"We don't have the funding, really, to do primary prevention the way it needs to be done," she said. "But that's the way to solve it."

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medicaldevicereport · 8 years ago

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Global Mammography Equipment Market Size, Share | Industry Report, 2021 | Hexa Research

Mammography is a specific type of breast imaging that uses low-dose x-rays to detect cancer early before women experience symptoms, when it is most treatable. A mammography exam, called a mammogram, supports in the early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. An x-ray (radiograph) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body. X-Rays are the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging.

The Global Mammography Equipment Market is segmented on the basis of equipment type, region. On the basis of product type, the global market is classified into Digital radiography mammography equipment, and Film-screen mammography equipment (X-Ray Source Assembly, X-Ray Generator), computer-aided detection and breast tomosynthesis (2D digital mammography and 3D tomosynthesis).

Browse Details of Report @

https://www.hexaresearch.com/research-report/mammography-equipment-market

Film-screen mammography, the standard imaging modality for detecting suspicious lesions at an early stage in the breasts of asymptomatic women. It has a high sensitivity in detecting suspicious lesions in the breasts composed primarily of fatty tissue. Digital mammography, also called full-field digital mammography (FFDM), is a mammography system in which the x-ray film is replaced by electronics that convert x-rays into mammographic pictures of the breast. These systems are similar to those found in digital cameras and their efficacyallows better pictures with a lower radiation dose. These images of the breast are transferred to a computer for review by the radiologist and for long term storage.

Geographically, the global market is segmented into North America (U.S., Canada), Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and England, Eastern Europe, CIS), Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Australia, Others), Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, others), and Middle East and Africa. North America accounts for the largest market share of the global mammography equipment market and is expected to remain dominant over the forecast period. Followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. This is due to due to early adoption of new technology and rising incidence of breast cancer in these regions.

The U.S. is dominating the North American mammography equipment market due to technological advancements and increasing reimbursements for full-field digital mammography.Asia is expected to show high growth rate during the forecast period. This is due to rising incidence of cancer in this region. The key players are Fujifilm Medical Systems USA, GE Healthcare, Hologic, Philips Healthcare, and Siemens Healthcare.

Browse Related Category Market Reports @ https://www.hexaresearch.com/research-category/medical-devices-industry

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Hexa Research is a market research and consulting organization, offering industry reports, custom research and consulting services to a host of key industries across the globe. We offer comprehensive business intelligence in the form of industry reports which help our clients obtain clarity about their business environment and enable them to undertake strategic growth initiatives.

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#Mammography Equipment Market #Mammography Equipment Market Size #Mammography Equipment Market Share #Mammography Equipment Market Growth #Mammography Equipment Market Analysis #Mammography Equipment Market Forecast

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abcndtt · 5 months ago

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#Pressure-testing-in-Massachusetts #magnetic particles-in-Massachusetts

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tanujm211b-blog · 8 years ago

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Mammography Equipment Market Survey, Key players, Future scope and Outlook to 2021

Browse Details of Report @ https://www.hexaresearch.com/research-report/mammography-equipment-market

Film-screen mammography, the standard imaging modality for detecting suspicious lesions at an early stage in the breasts of asymptomatic women. It has a high sensitivity in detecting suspicious lesions in the breasts composed primarily of fatty tissue. Digital mammography, also called full-field digital mammography (FFDM), is a mammography system in which the x-ray film is replaced by electronics that convert x-rays into mammographic pictures of the breast. These systems are similar to those found in digital cameras and their efficacyallows better pictures with a lower radiation dose. These images of the breast are transferred to a computer for review by the radiologist and for long term storage.

Geographically, the global market is segmented into North America (U.S., Canada), Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and England, Eastern Europe, CIS), Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Australia, Others), Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, others), and Middle East and Africa. North America accounts for the largest market share of the global mammography equipment market and is expected to remain dominant over the forecast period. Followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. This is due to due to early adoption of new technology and rising incidence of breast cancer in these regions.

The U.S. is dominating the North American mammography equipment market due to technological advancements and increasing reimbursements for full-field digital mammography.Asia is expected to show high growth rate during the forecast period. This is due to rising incidence of cancer in this region. The key players are Fujifilm Medical Systems USA, GE Healthcare, Hologic, Philips Healthcare, and Siemens Healthcare

Browse Related Category Market Reports @ https://www.hexaresearch.com/research-category/medical-devices-industry

About Us:

Ryan Shaw

Hexa Research

Felton Office Plaza

6265 Highway 9

Felton, California 95018

United States

Phone: +1-800-489-3075

Email: [email protected]

Read Our Latest Blogs:

hexaresearch1.blogspot.com

#Mammography Equipment Market

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