#Potentiometric Titration

[wemahesh]

Type of Glassware use in pharmaceutical and chemical, pasticised industry

In the pharmaceutical industry, glassware is also classified based on its quality and accuracy, much like the Class A and Class B classifications commonly used in laboratory glassware. The classification of glassware in pharma is typically based on standards set by regulatory authorities like the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.). The main classes used in…

[labotronic]

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator 40kg

Labotronics Automatic Potentiometric Titrator offers a wide measuringc range from -2000 to 2000 mV and -20 to 20 pH with high resolution and precision. It supports multiple titration modes, including acid-base, REDOX, and non-aqueous, featuring a multi-channel unit for accurate results.

[susanlabnic]

Automatic Potentiometric Titratoris is a high-precision electro-chemical analysis instrument for volumetric analysis. It is capable of displaying the pH and mV of the sample with temperature compensation. The automatic potentiometric titrator uses two pieces for titration and is available in 15- and 25-mL sizes. The automatic potentiometric titrator features a superior design for achieving superior results.

[labtroncc]

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator

The Automatic Potentiometric Titrator LPTT-A10 is a laboratory instrument used for performing potentiometric titrations automatically. It's designed to accurately measure the volume of titrant solution required to reach the endpoint of a chemical reaction.

[labnic235]

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator

An Automatic Potentiometric Titrator is a sophisticated laboratory instrument used for conducting titrations with high precision and accuracy. This device automates the titration process, which involves determining the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a standardized solution of known concentration. The titrator automates the entire titration process, including dispensing the titrant solution, monitoring the reaction, and endpoint detection.

[david843346]

Potentiometric Titrators Market Global Trends, Share, Growth, Opportunity And Forecast-2036

The Potentiometric Titrators Market research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the industry, including segmentation and regional analysis. It offers valuable insights into market trends, growth drivers, challenges, and opportunities. The report aims to assist businesses in making informed decisions and formulating effective strategies.

Request Free Sample Copy of this Report @

Key Findings

The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 2% during the forecast period.

The North America region is expected to dominate the market, driven by rapid urbanization and industrialization.

Insights

The report highlights the importance of innovation and product differentiation to gain a competitive edge.

Market segmentation allows businesses to target specific customer segments and tailor their marketing strategies accordingly.

Key Takeaways

Businesses should focus on expanding their presence in emerging markets.

Collaboration with local partners can help navigate regulatory challenges and cultural differences.

Continuous monitoring of market trends and consumer preferences is crucial for staying ahead of the competition.

Potentiometric Titrators Market Report: Type Landscape

The keyword report covers the latest market trends in Type, including growth in demand for certain products and services, changes in consumer behavior, and emerging technologies.

The report identifies key growth drivers for Type, such as increasing demand for sustainable products, rising consumer awareness of health and wellness, and the adoption of new technologies.

The report also highlights the challenges facing Type, such as competition from established players, regulatory hurdles, and economic uncertainty.

The report identifies several opportunities for Type, such as expanding into new markets, developing innovative products and services, and leveraging emerging technologies.

Potentiometric Titrators Market Report: Application Landscape

The keyword report indicates that the Application landscape is experiencing steady growth, with a projected increase of X% in the next year.

The report also highlights several challenges facing the Application landscape, including increased competition and changing consumer preferences.

Regional Analysis

North America: The Potentiometric Titrators Market landscape in North America is highly competitive, with major players dominating the market. The region is expected to witness steady growth in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for advanced technologies and rising disposable incomes.

Europe: The Potentiometric Titrators Market landscape in Europe is characterized by a high level of innovation and technological advancements. The region is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for smart homes and connected devices.

Asia-Pacific: The Potentiometric Titrators Market landscape in Asia-Pacific is highly diversified, with a mix of traditional and modern technologies. The region is expected to witness rapid growth in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for smart homes and connected devices, as well as rising disposable incomes.

Latin America: The Potentiometric Titrators Market landscape in Latin America is characterized by a high level of innovation and technological advancements. The region is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for smart homes and connected devices, as well as rising disposable incomes.

Potentiometric Titrators Market has made significant strides in the past year, with a X% increase in revenue and a X% increase in customer base. Our commitment to providing high-quality products and exceptional customer service has been a key factor in our success. Looking ahead, we are excited to continue expanding our offerings and reaching new markets. With a focus on innovation and sustainability, we are confident that Potentiometric Titrators Market will continue to grow and thrive in the years to come.

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[crystalflores786]

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator

An automatic potentiometric titrator is a sophisticated instrument used in analytical chemistry for performing titrations automatically. The titrator uses a potentiometric method, where the potential difference between a reference electrode and a measuring electrode (usually a pH electrode or a redox electrode) is measured. This potential difference changes as the titrant is added to the sample, and it reaches a minimum or maximum at the equivalence point of the reaction.

[analabtron]

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator involves measuring the potential difference between two electrodes in a solution to determine the endpoint of a chemical reaction. This technique is commonly used for various types of titrations, including acid-base, redox, and precipitation titrations. The automatic titrator is equipped with an endpoint detection system that can determine when the reaction is complete. Automatic potentiometric titrators streamline the titration process, reduce human error, and improve the precision of results compared to manual titration methods. Shop online at Labtron.us

[spectralabinstruments]

After 25 years of dedication to quality and knowledge, Spectralab begins a new decade. Since its founding in 1981, when its first product was released, Spectralab has played a crucial role in determining the requirements of analytical chemists and providing them with solutions.

We offer a variety of tools, including nephelometers, turbidity meters, automatic potentiometric titrator and karl fischer titrators.

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Email: Marketing@spectralab.biz

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[baijian188]

Salted Egg Testing

The methods of salted egg testing usually cover multiple aspects to ensure its quality and safety. Here are some of the main salted egg testing methods:

1. Sensory inspection Sensory inspection is the first step in salted egg testing and is also the most intuitive method. Inspectors check the appearance, smell, texture, etc. of salted eggs by vision, smell, touch, etc.

Appearance inspection: Observe whether the eggshell is intact and without cracks, whether the surface is clean and smooth, and whether the color is bright. At the same time, check whether the yolk and egg white are evenly distributed and there is no excessive slag. Odor inspection: Smell the smell of the salted egg to determine whether it has a fragrant salty aroma and no peculiar smell or odor. 2. Physical and chemical index detection Physical and chemical index detection is an important means to evaluate the quality of salted eggs, including indicators such as salinity, moisture content, protein content, fat content, ash content, and pH value.

Salinity detection: The salt content of salted eggs is determined by potentiometric titration or ion chromatography. Usually, the salt content of high-quality salted duck eggs should be between 2.5% and 3.5%. Moisture content detection: The moisture content of salted eggs is determined by the drying method, which should usually be controlled between 65% and 70%. Nutrient component detection: The content of nutrients such as protein, fat, and vitamins in salted eggs is detected by chemical analysis. pH value detection: The pH value of salted eggs is determined using a pH meter or precision pH test paper to reflect their freshness. The pH value of fresh salted duck eggs is usually between 7.0 and 7.5. III. Microbial index detection Microbial index detection is crucial to ensure the hygienic safety of salted eggs. The main test items include total colony count, coliform group, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. These tests are usually carried out by the plate count method or the maximum possible number method. Qualified salted eggs should control the total colony count below 10^5 CFU/g, and no pathogenic bacteria should be detected.

IV. Heavy metal and pesticide residue detection Heavy metal and pesticide residue detection is an important link to ensure the safety of salted eggs. Common heavy metal detection items include lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, which can be detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pesticide residue detection mainly targets organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate pesticides, and is usually analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

V. Specific quality detection Egg yolk oil quality detection: The egg yolk oil content can be determined by Soxhlet extraction. The egg yolk oil content of high-quality salted eggs should be between 30% and 35%. In addition, the acid value, peroxide value, and iodine value of the egg yolk oil need to be tested to evaluate its freshness and degree of oxidation. Packaging and labeling detection: Check whether the packaging of salted eggs is complete and clean and whether the label information meets the general standards for food labels, including product name, production date, shelf life, storage conditions, producer information, etc. Eggshell strength and egg yolk coagulation detection: Eggshell strength can be measured by a pressure tester, while egg yolk coagulation can be evaluated by measuring the yolk diameter. VI. Other testing methods Light-transparent testing: Use light to see through the salted egg on the egg-lighting device to observe whether the inside of the egg is clear and translucent, whether the egg white is as clear as water, and whether the egg yolk is bright red and close to the eggshell. At the same time, turn the egg and observe whether the egg yolk rotates with it. Shaking test: Hold the egg in your hand and gently shake it next to your ear to feel whether the egg white flows and whether there is a sound of splashing water. Shelling test: After opening the eggshell, observe whether the yellow and white are clear, whether the egg white is watery, colorless, and transparent, and whether the egg yolk is firm and vermilion. Cooking and dissection: After the salted egg is cooked, cut it open to observe whether the egg white is fresh and white, whether the egg yolk is firm and vermilion, and whether there are dew-like oil droplets. At the same time, taste the saltiness and taste of the salted egg. In summary, the testing methods of salted eggs include sensory testing, physical and chemical index testing, microbial index testing, heavy metal and pesticide residue testing, specific quality testing, and other testing methods. These testing methods can comprehensively evaluate the quality and safety of salted eggs and provide consumers with safe and high-quality salted egg products.

[wemahesh]

Openings for Drug Inspector (55 Posts) in Public Service Commission

The history of Constitution of India reveals that the concept of conducting competitive examination for appointment to certain posts came into consideration way back in the year 1853 and a committee for giving shape to that was constituted under the chairmanship of Lord Macaulay in the year 1854. Later on the Federal Public Service Commission and the State Public Service Commissions were…

[labotronic]

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator Gross weight 8 kg

Labotronics Automatic Potentiometric Titrator offers a wide measuring range from -2000 to 2000 mV and -20 to 20 pH with high resolution and precision. It supports multiple titration modes, including acid-base, REDOX, and non-aqueous, featuring a multi-channel unit for accurate results.

[microlitseo]

What is an Automatic Titrator? 

An automatic titrator is a laboratory instrument designed to automate the process of titration. It is a quantitative chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of a specific substance within a sample. Majorly, such a process carries on in industries that deal with liquid handling equipment. 

How Does an Automatic Titrator Work?

Sample Preparation: The sample is prepared and placed in a suitable vessel, such as a beaker or flask.

Titrant Delivery: A precise volume of titrant, a solution of known concentration, is dispensed into the sample using an electronic burette.  

Endpoint Detection: The titrator monitors the reaction between the titrant and the analyte in the sample. This can be done using various methods, including:

Potentiometric Titration: Measures the change in electrical potential as the titration progresses.  

Conductometric Titration: Measures the change in electrical conductivity of the solution.  

Photometric Titration: Measures changes in light absorption or scattering.  

4. Endpoint Determination: The titrator automatically stops the titration when the endpoint is reached, which is the point at which the reaction is complete.

5. Data Analysis: The titrator calculates the concentration of the analyte based on the volume of titrant used and the known concentration of the titrant.  

Advantages of Automatic Titrators:

Increased Accuracy and Precision: Automatic titrators eliminate human error associated with manual titrations, leading to more accurate and precise results.  

Improved Efficiency: Automation significantly reduces the time required for titration, increasing laboratory productivity.  

Enhanced Safety: Automatic titrators minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals by reducing manual handling.  

Data Integrity: The instruments can automatically record data, ensuring accurate and reliable results.  

Versatility: Automatic titrators can be used for a wide range of applications, including acid-base titrations, redox titrations, complexometric titrations, and more.  

By automating the titration process, E-Burettes offer numerous benefits to laboratories, including increased efficiency, improved accuracy, and enhanced safety.

[labnic235]

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator 

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator is a volumetric electro-chemical analysis instrument with high precision. It can display the pH and mV of the sample while compensating for temperature. The high visibility of the 8-inch TFT color touch screen allows measurements to be seen even from extreme angles. It has a 100 ml capacity titration cup and a volumetric titration accuracy of 0.0001 ml. The USB interface allows the unit to communicate with other devices, such as printers, which can be connected externally.

[helen0086]

Study on Acid Value Determination Method for Coenzyme Q10 Soft Capsules in Healthy Care Foods

With the improvement of living standard, people pay more attention to improve their immunity by consuming health products [1-2]. Coenzyme Q10 is one of the important coenzymes in human body, which has the effects of improving human immunity [3-4], scavenging free radicals [5-6], lowering blood pressure [7], and antioxidant [8-9], and has a good effect in preventing and assisting in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [10-11], diabetes [12-13], tumors, and other chronic diseases [14-15], so the softgel capsules of coenzyme Q10 are widely used in health products. Therefore, Coenzyme Q10 softgels are widely used in health food products, and acid price is an important indicator of the quality of oil products in health food [16-18].

Acid value is a measure of the number of free carboxylic acid groups in a mixture, which is expressed as the milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat[19-20] . If the acid value is too high, it will lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea and liver damage [21-22]; the smaller the acid value is, the better the quality of oils and fats [23-24] and the higher the nutritive value, therefore, acid value is often used to measure the quality of oils and fats [25-26].

At present, there is no standard for the acidity testing of softgel capsules of Coenzyme Q10 in health food, and the testing methods adopted are mostly GB 5009.229 "Determination of Acidity in Foods, National Standard for Food Safety" [27]. In addition, in order to ensure the level of food testing, it is necessary to analyze the uncertainty of the testing method. Measurement uncertainty is the basis for judging the measurement results and an indicator for assessing the level of measurement, and it is used as a means to improve the level of quality evaluation and quality control, providing support for the future testing of health food [28-29].

Due to the special nature of the contents of Coenzyme Q10 softgel capsules in health food, when the room temperature is high, the contents are in liquid state, and when the room temperature is low, the contents are in solidified state. Therefore, the study was conducted to optimize the sample pretreatment, so that the contents can be completely dissolved by the mixed solution into a clarified oil sample at room temperature or low temperature, and the acid value test can be carried out by phenolphthalein indicator titration and cold solvent automatic potentiometric titration. It is convenient to use phenolphthalein indicator titration and cold solvent automatic potentiometric titration for acid price determination. In addition, the phenolphthalein indicator titration method is less costly than the automatic potentiometric titration method, simpler in operation, more accurate, and more suitable for lighter-colored oil and grease specimens, which can be used as a reference for laboratories and testing institutes to conduct the acid value testing of softgel capsules of health food products.

1.Materials and Methods

1.1 Instruments and Reagents

Instruments: Automatic Potentiometric Titrator Model G20S, Electrode (DG-i116-Solvent), Analytical Balance Model ME204/02, Constant Temperature Water Bath Model HH-M4.

Reagents: anhydrous ether (content ≥99.5%), isopropyl alcohol (content ≥99.7%), sodium hydroxide (content ≥96.0%), anhydrous ethanol (content ≥99.7%).

1.2 Test Methods

1.2.1Pre-Test Preparation

Pre-treatment of oil samples: Take Coenzyme Q10 softgel capsules, squeeze the contents into a 250 mL conical flask and place it in a 50 ℃ water bath to melt the contents into a liquid state.

Prepare a neutral ether/isopropanol (1/1, V/V) mixture in a stoppered reagent bottle and place in a water bath at 30 °C to keep the mixture slightly warm.

1.2.2 Test Methods

Refer to GB 5009.229 "National Standard for Food Safety: Determination of Acid Price in Food".

1.2.3 Calculation formulae

Where: X-acid price , mg/g;

V-volume of standard titrant consumed , mL;

V0 - Blank consumption of standard titrant volume , mL;

C- Concentration of the titration solution , mol/L;

m - weighed amount of test material for titration , g.

2. Results and Analysis

2.1 Detection Method Results

2.1.1 Phenolphthalein Indicator Titration Method

The method was tested according to the first method of GB 5009.229 after pre-treatment of the samples, and the acid price was measured to be 1.031 1 mg/g with an RSD of 0.45% after 6 parallel tests.

The results of the phenolphthalein indicator titration test are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Phenolphthalein indicator titration test results

2.1.2 Automated Potentiometric Titration with Cold Solvents

The method was tested according to the second method of GB 5009.229 after pre-treatment of the samples, and the acid price was measured to be 1.029 8 mg/g with an RSD of 0.42% after 6 parallel tests.

The results of the cold solvent automated potentiometric titration test are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Results of cold solvent automated potentiometric titration tests

2.1.3Hot Ethanol Indicator Titrations

The method was carried out by automatic potentiometric titration with 6 parallel measurements. The acid price was 1.132 6 mg/g with RSD of 0.45%.

The results of the hot ethanol indicator titration test are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Results of the hot ethanol indicator titration method

When the contents were in solid state at the low temperature in the room, the contents and the ether/isopropanol mixture were placed in a water bath and tested by the first and second methods of GB 5009.229 and compared with the third method of GB 5009.229. As shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3, there was no significant difference in the results of acidity testing among the three methods, which indicates that the optimized pretreatment method did not affect the acidity testing, and the measurement results were closer to the real values. It can be seen from Tables 1, 2 and 3 that there is no significant difference between the results of the three methods, which indicates that the optimized pretreatment method does not affect the determination of the acid price of Coenzyme Q10 softgel capsules, and the results of the measurement are closer to the real value of the test results.

The determination of acidity in softgel capsules of Coenzyme Q10 for health food is a difficult task, and the use of different methods at different temperatures may lead to bias in the acidity test results. It has been shown that cold solvent auto-potentiometric titration can effectively avoid color interference and is suitable for samples with darker colors.

In addition, the results are more accurate, but the method is laboratory intensive[23] , the potentiometric titration is slower than manual titration with an indicator, and the results are affected by the longer duration of the titration process. When an automatic potentiometric titrator is not available, hot ethanol indicator titrations and cold solvent indicator titrations can be used, but hot ethanol indicator titrations are only suitable for solid oils and fats samples and, as shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3, the hot ethanol indicator titration consumes more titration volume.

In the above analysis, the use of phenolphthalein indicator titration method is simpler and more convenient, not only to improve the test efficiency, save reagents, but also extend the life of the equipment, and the method is more suitable for lighter-colored oil and grease samples, and is more suitable for the daily testing in the laboratory.

2.2 Uncertainty Evaluation

2.2.1 Sources and Analysis of Uncertainty

The uncertainties arising from the tests were evaluated using the Class A method. The uncertainty is due to the standard deviation of the repeatability of a single determination, u(1), as a result of repetitive testing.

Uncertainties due to systematic effects are evaluated using a Type B method, including uncertainty u(2) due to weighing of the sample, uncertainty u(3) due to the 50 mL brown buret, uncertainty u(4) due to the concentration of the sodium hydroxide standard titrant, and uncertainty u(5) due to the molar mass of sodium hydroxide.

2.2.2 Evaluation of Uncertainties

The uncertainty component urel(1) introduced by the repeatability of the acid price measurement results. The uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurements can be evaluated by the Class A evaluation method using the measurement columns obtained from successive measurements. The measurements were repeated 6 times and the results are shown in Table 1. The average mass of the sample was 10.138 5 g, the average acid price was 1.031 1 mg/g, the standard deviation was 0.004 6 mg/g, and the relative standard deviation was 0.004 5. The relative uncertainty introduced by the reproducibility of the acid price measurement of the samples was urel(1) 0.004 5.

The uncertainty component urel (2) was introduced by weighing the sample. The average mass of the weighed samples is 10.138 5 g. Combined with the maximum permissible deviation of the analytical balance, the maximum permissible error of the analytical balance is ± 0.5 mg for 0 ≤ M ≤ 50 g. Considering a uniform distribution, k = √ 3, then  0.5 = 0.289 mg. 2 weighings (tare, gross mass) combined not √ 3

Determination u(2) = √0.000 2892 + 0.000 2892 = 0.000 409 g.

urel(2) = = 0.000 04.

u(3) = √0.028 92 +0.000 682 +0.052   =0.057 8.

Uncertainty u (4) for the standard titrant of sodium hydroxide. The standard solution of sodium hydroxide was purchased directly, and the extended uncertainty urel=0.3% was obtained from the certificate of identity of the standard substance, with 95% confidence probability, and the concentration was 0.100 1 mol/L. Assuming a normal distribution, the table shows that Kp=1.960, so the relative standard uncertainty urel(4) =0.001 53.

The uncertainty u (5) arises from the molar mass of potassium hydroxide. The atomic weights and uncertainties of the elements in potassium hydroxide from the latest edition of the IUPAC table of atomic weights are given in Table 4. For each element, the standard uncertainty is calculated as a rectangular distribution of the uncertainties listed by IUPAC with extreme deviations.

The atomic weights and uncertainties of the elements of potassium hydroxide are shown in Table 4. Table 4 Atomic weights and uncertainties of the elements of potassium hydroxide.

2.2.3 Calculation of Synthetic Standard Uncertainty

The components affecting the results are independent of each other, and the relative synthetic uncertainty is:

urelC= √0.004 52+0.000 042+0.031 12+0.001 532 =3.15%.

Extended uncertainty: take the inclusion factor k = 2, then the extended uncertainty Urel = 3.15% × 2 = 6.30%.

2.2.4 Measurement Extended Uncertainty Report

The acid value in Coenzyme Q10 softgels was determined by manual titration with a measurement uncertainty of Urel=6.30%, k=2 for a value of 1.031 1 mg/g. The value of 1.031 1 mg/g was determined by manual titration with a measurement uncertainty of Urel=6.30%, k=2.

3.Conclusion

Due to the complex composition of health food products, there are various interferences, and the appropriate sample pretreatment and detection method are the key factors affecting the determination of acid price. According to the characteristics of the contents of Coenzyme Q10 softgel capsules in health food, the sample pretreatment was optimized, and the contents could be dissolved by the mixed solution to form a clarified oil sample at room temperature or low temperature. In this way, both phenolphthalein indicator titration and cold solvent auto-potentiometric titration could be used to determine the acid price. The standard deviation of the phenolphthalein indicator titration was 0.004 6 mg/g, the relative standard deviation was 0.45% and the extended uncertainty was 6.30%. The results showed that the determination of acid price by phenolphthalein indicator titration is a feasible method, which is simple, reproducible, accurate and suitable for light-colored edible oils and fats samples, and can quickly determine the acid price of Coenzyme Q10 softgel capsules in health food products without the need of special instruments, which lays a foundation for the determination of acid price of similar products in the future.

References:

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[2] Zhang Lihua, Chen Shaojun, Xiao Shangyue, et al. Survey and Research on the Demand of Enterprises for Talents Specialized in Health Products Development and Management [J]. Agricultural Products Processing , 2020(10): 87-92.

[3] LI Fang-Yun , SUN Li-Hua . Research progress on the function and application of coenzyme Q10 [J] . Natural Products Research and Development , 2010 , 22(B08):271-274.

[4] Zhan Yecheng, He Bin, Liu Mengting, et al. Research on the method of rapid detection of multiple water-soluble vitamins in food [J] . Agricultural Products Processing , 2019(16): 49-52 , 56.

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[9] ZHAO Ya-Xin, GUO Yu, HU Fang, et al. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil on antioxidant capacity of aged mice [J] . Agricultural Products Processing , 2020(5):4-7.

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[23] Chen Danping, Chen Caiyan, Yang Fuchun. Uncertainty assessment of acid price measurements in edible vegetable oils [J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry , 2011 , 39(9):67-68.

[24] Li Jianghong. Study on the uncertainty assessment of acid price measurement results in edible vegetable oil [J] . Modern Food , 2017(2):67-68.

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[27] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, National Standardization Administration of China. GB 5009.229-2016 National Standard for Food Safety Determination of Acid Price in Food [S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2016.

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[29] Liu Tingting, Cheng Jiali, Zhang Xuesong, et al. Determination of acid price of lycopene nutraceuticals by manual titration and automatic potentiometric titration [J] . Food Research and Development , 2017 , 38(4): 151-153.

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