#Pisco Formation

[knuppitalism-with-ue]

Another #paleostream sketch

Piscogavialis, resting on the beach together with some Thalassocnus, semi-aquatic sloths, as well as some penguins.

[arminreindl]

Odobenocetops is a profoundly fucked up whale. The younger species, O. leptodon, had tusks way over a meter in length yet they were too fragile to be used for fighting or digging. The neck in both species was incredibly flexible as shown above O. peruvianus lacked a melon and couldn't echolocate, instead relying on binocular vision (O. leptodon had a small melon, which is better than nothing I guess) and they fed much like walrus, which means they would spit compressed water at the ocean floor to uncover shellfish, grab them with their lips and use their mouth as a vacuum pump to suck out all the soft parts only oh yeah and some speculate that it might have had whiskers covering its face

[saritapaleo]

Archovember 2024 Day 19 - Pelagornis sandersi

After the K-T extinction, the last remaining dinosaurs began to diverge, trying on many different shapes and sizes. While most birds stayed in the small forms that had kept them alive for so long, some achieved massive sizes. Some even reached these sizes while still retaining their ability to fly. One such genus was Pelagornis, a group of “pseudotooth birds.” While the gene for teeth was lost in birds, the Pelagornithids found a work-around, evolving tooth-like edges to their beaks. These were seabirds, using their saw-edged beaks to grip onto slippery fish and squid. The largest species of Pelagornis was Pelagornis sandersi. P. sandersi was not only the largest Pelagornis, but also had the widest wingspan of any known bird, estimated at 6.06 to 7.38 m (19.9 to 24.2 ft) long. P. sandersi had short, stumpy legs, and likely spent most of its time on the wing. It would have had to take off by dropping from cliffs, utilizing air currents to glide into the air. It would have been able to travel long distances like this, without landing, similar to modern day albatrosses.

Fossils of Pelagornis have been found worldwide, including in the Aridal Formation of Morocco, the Chandler Bridge Formation of South Carolina, the Bahía Inglesa Formation of Chile, the Black Rock Sandstone of Australia, the Molasse Coquilliere Formation of France, the Calvert Formation in Virginia, the Pisco Formation of Peru, the Castillo Formation and Capadare Formation of Venezuela, the Greta Formation of New Zealand, and the Purisima Formation of California. This worldwide distribution means they would have been living alongside a large variety of Eocene to Early Pleistocene animals, and eating a large variety of fish species. It is unknown why these giant seabirds went extinct, but they may have been encountered by archaic humans in the Early Pleistocene.

This art may be used for educational purposes, with credit, but please contact me first for permission before using my art. I would like to know where and how it is being used. If you don’t have something to add that was not already addressed in this caption, please do not repost this art. Thank you!

[veloci-raptor]

Fossil Novembirb: Day 24

Some Spheniscus urbinai swimming near a Livyatan

[feyres-divorce-lawyer]

nothing better than a scientific journal that’s free

[alphynix]

Ninoziphius platyrostris was an early beaked whale that lived during the late Miocene (~6 million years ago) in warm coastal waters covering what is now southwestern Peru. Its ancestors appear to have branched off from all other beaked whales very early in the group's history, indicating a "ghost lineage" going back to at least 17 million years ago.

About 4.4m long (~14'5"), it was less specialized for suction feeding and deep diving than modern beaked whales. Also unlike most modern species its jaws were lined with numerous interlocking teeth, with heavy wear suggesting it may have hunted close to the seafloor, where disturbed sand and grit would have regularly ended up in its mouth along with its prey and steadily ground down its teeth during its lifetime.

Males had a pair of stout tusks at the tip of their upward-curving lower jaw, with possibly a second smaller set of tusks behind them, which were probably used for fighting each other like in modern beaked whales.

Its shallow water habitat and more abrasive diet suggest Ninoziphius' lifestyle was much more like modern dolphins than modern beaked whales, and other early beaked whales like Messapicetus similarly seem to have occupied dolphin-like ecological niches.

These dolphin-like forms disappeared around the same time that true dolphins began to diversify, possibly struggling to compete for the same food sources, while other beaked whales that had begun to specialize for deep sea diving survived and thrived. Interestingly this ecological shift seems to have happened twice, in two separate beaked whale lineages – although only one of them still survives today – with bizarre bony "internal antlers" even independently evolving in both groups.

———

NixIllustration.com | Tumblr | Patreon

References:

Bianucci, Giovanni, et al. "New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)." PeerJ 4 (2016): e2479. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2479

Bianucci, Giovanni, et al. A new Late Miocene beaked whale (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Pisco Formation, and a revised age for the fossil Ziphiidae of Peru. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 63.1 (2024): 21-43. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380459192_A_new_Late_Miocene_beaked_whale_Cetacea_Odontoceti_from_the_Pisco_Formation_and_a_revised_age_for_the_fossil_Ziphiidae_of_Peru

Gol'din, Pavel. "‘Antlers inside’: are the skull structures of beaked whales (Cetacea: Ziphiidae) used for echoic imaging and visual display?." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113.2 (2014): 510-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12337

Lambert, Olivier, Christian De Muizon, and Giovanni Bianucci. "The most basal beaked whale Ninoziphius platyrostris Muizon, 1983: clues on the evolutionary history of the family Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167.4 (2013): 569-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12018

Lambert, Olivier, et al. "No deep diving: evidence of predation on epipelagic fish for a stem beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Peru." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282.1815 (2015): 20151530. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1530

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

if you aren't familiar with a given ecosystem, they're all talked about in depth on Wikipedia by the name I use to refer to them.

pick wisely, this is the start of an Adventure

[mesozoicmarket]

A fossilized crocodilian tooth of a gavialid, either Piscogavialis jugaliperforatus or Sacacosuchus cordovai from the Pisco Formation in Sacaco, Peru. These Miocene relatives of gharials lived in marine environments.

[greenfrog04]

A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna

Published 30th November 2023

A partial sperm whale skull from Lower Miocene of the Chilcatay Formation in Peru is assigned to a new species, Diaphorocetus ortegai, providing new insights for the macroraptorial Diaphorocetus family.

Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai holotype

Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai holotype

Time-calibrated strict consensus tree of Diaphorocetus ortegai

Source:

https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/45/22

[wikimediauncommons]

file: Spheniscus muizoni - fossils - Pisco Formation, Peru.jpg

[knuppitalism-with-ue]

The #paleostream just started a diorama challenge, I did an example during stream. It shows the Pisco formation.

[businessresearchreportss]

Analyzing the Chile Beverages Market by Capacity, and Region

Analyzing the Chile beverages market by capacity and region provides insights into the consumption patterns, preferences, and market dynamics within different geographic areas and across various beverage categories.

Buy the Full Report for More Category Insights into the Chile Beverages Market, Download a Free Sample Report

Here's a breakdown of each aspect:

Capacity:

In the context of the beverages market, "capacity" refers to the volume of beverages consumed or produced within a specific timeframe. This can include both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Here's how the market can be segmented based on capacity:

Individual Consumption: This segment includes beverages consumed by individuals for personal consumption or on-the-go consumption. It encompasses single-serve beverages such as bottled water, soft drinks, energy drinks, and ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages. Individual consumption is influenced by factors such as convenience, portability, and taste preferences.

Household Consumption: Household consumption refers to beverages purchased for consumption within the home. This includes larger packaging formats such as multi-packs, family-sized bottles, and bulk purchases. Common beverages consumed within households in Chile include bottled water, carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, and alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer.

Commercial Consumption: Commercial consumption encompasses beverages consumed in commercial settings such as restaurants, bars, cafes, hotels, and entertainment venues. This segment includes both on-premise consumption and sales of beverages for takeaway or delivery. Alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits, as well as non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks and coffee, are commonly consumed in commercial settings.

Region:

Analyzing the Chile beverages market by region provides insights into geographical variations in consumption patterns, market dynamics, and preferences for different types of beverages. Here are some key regions within Chile:

Metropolitan Region (Santiago): The Metropolitan Region, centered around the capital city of Santiago, represents the largest market for beverages in Chile. It is home to a significant portion of the population and a concentration of urban consumers who have diverse preferences for both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. The region also serves as a hub for beverage distribution and retail.

Valparaíso Region: The Valparaíso Region, including cities such as Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, is known for its coastal lifestyle and tourism industry. This region has a strong demand for beverages consumed in leisure and entertainment settings, including alcoholic beverages such as wine, pisco, and cocktails, as well as non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks and fruit juices.

Central Valley (Wine Region): The Central Valley region, encompassing wine-producing areas such as Maipo Valley, Colchagua Valley, and Casablanca Valley, is renowned for its wine production. It represents a significant market for premium wines, both domestically produced and imported, as well as other alcoholic beverages such as craft beers and spirits.

Southern Regions (Araucanía, Los Lagos): The southern regions of Chile, including Araucanía and Los Lagos, have a distinct cultural heritage and cuisine. Beverages such as mate (a traditional herbal tea), craft beers, and artisanal spirits may have a stronger presence in these regions, reflecting local preferences and traditions.

Northern Regions (Atacama, Antofagasta): The northern regions of Chile, including Atacama and Antofagasta, are known for their arid landscapes and mining industry. Beverages consumed in these regions may include bottled water, energy drinks, and soft drinks, catering to the needs of residents and workers in mining communities.

Conclusion:

Analyzing the Chile beverages market by capacity and region provides a comprehensive understanding of consumption patterns, market dynamics, and opportunities within different geographic areas and segments of the population. By recognizing regional variations in preferences and tailoring product offerings and marketing strategies accordingly, beverage companies can effectively target diverse consumer segments and optimize their market presence in Chile. Additionally, understanding capacity segmentation allows companies to identify opportunities for product development, distribution channels, and marketing initiatives that cater to individual, household, and commercial consumption preferences.

[myfeeds]

Marine fossils unearth story about Panamas deep past

Between 6.4 and 5.8 million years ago, most of the land bridge that connects North and South America had already emerged and the channels connecting both Pacific and Atlantic oceans were shallow. Recent fossil discoveries in the northern Panama Canal area suggest that marine species interchange persisted across these shallow waters during the final stages of formation of the isthmus. In 2017 and 2019, Aldo Benites-Palomino was studying fossils collected in Caribbean Panama, when he came across some unexpected specimens. He was a biology student in Perú, where his training had been very classical. As an intern and later a fellow at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), his mindset shifted. His mentor, STRI staff scientist and paleobiologist Carlos Jaramillo, encouraged his students to change their focus when looking at fossils: instead of thinking about specimens or methods, to think about the questions that the fossils could help answer. “I wanted to go to STRI because it is the most important tropical biology center in the world,” said Benites-Palomino. “There I was able to learn a lot about the way biology and ecology is done in the modern world.” The fossil remains belonged to small-sized cetaceans, a group of aquatic mammals that includes whales and dolphins, and the specimens were new for the region. Most of them had been collected by Carlos de Gracia from STRI and Jorge Velez Juarbe from the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, both co-authors in a new paper published in Biology Letters. In the article, Benites-Palomino and his colleagues go beyond describing the specimens, they also unearth the story they reveal about the isthmus’ deep past. The fossils belonged to the Late Miocene, around 6.4 to 5.8 million years ago, when the final stages of formation of the isthmus had already started. This event affected oceanic waters and marine currents across the globe and triggered speciation events, where species separated by the land bridge developed their own unique characteristics on either ocean. However, these cetaceans found in Caribbean Panama shared similarities with other Late Miocene species from the North and South Pacific Ocean, particularly the Pisco Formation in Peru, suggesting that some organisms were still able to disperse via the shallowing seaway at a time when deep water interchange between both oceans was no longer occurring. The lack of fossil marine mammals from the western Caribbean has thus far hampered understanding of the region’s deep past, so these new findings help strengthen current knowledge regarding the connectivity between the Pacific and Caribbean marine faunas during the final phases of formation of the isthmus. “The marine vertebrate fossil record of Panama has been barely explored,” said Carlos Jaramillo, STRI staff scientist and co-author of the study. “There are still many specimens that need to be studied and many more still in the rocks waiting to be found.”

[veloci-raptor]

Fauna of the Pisco Formation

[gnaga37]

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pisco is getting ghosted by the support team so I'm formatting every post like this until I get attention

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[jurassicworlder]

Name: Livyatan ‭(‬Leviathan‭). Phonetic: Liv-ya-tan. Named By: Lambert et al.‭ ‬-‭ ‬2010. Classification: Chordata,‭ ‬Mammalia,‭ ‬Cetacea,‭ ‬Physeteroidea. Diet: Carnivore. Size: Skull is‭ ‬3‭ ‬meters long.‭ ‬Total size estimates vary between‭ ‬13.5‭ ‬and‭ ‬17.5‭ ‬meters long. Known locations: Peru‭ ‬-‭ ‬Pisco Formation. Time period: Serravallian stage of the Miocene of the Neogene. Fossil representation: Partial preserved skull,‭ ‬mandible‭ (‬lower jaw‭) ‬and teeth.