#People Bénin

[the-girl-who-didnt-smile]

RE: "Blanc Dani"

Additional commentary regarding the identity of “Blanc Dani”, the spirit from Louisiana Voudou.

Some takeaways:

“Blanc Dani” might have been the Louisiana version of Dangbé, Dan Aidowèdo, or Dambada wèdo. Dan is actually a “family” of vodun, and it's not entirely clear to me which one "Blanc Dani" was a counterpart to.

As much as I admire Melville Herskovits, there are methodological shortcomings to his works that I failed to address. As such, my descriptions of the vodun probably contain errors.

Marie Laveau and her followers were Dansi – worshipers of Vodun Dan. Deeply saddening to think of how she and Betsy Toledano were demonized, when the vodun they served couldn't be further from "devil worship" or sexual orgies.

I have updated the description of his fictional counterpart accordingly.

Previously, I expressed my confusion over the identity of “Blanc Dani”, as I could not determine whether he is a counterpart to Dan Aidowèdo, Dangbé, or Dambada wèdo. This is likely due to my over-reliance on books published in the English language, which are notoriously full of misinformation when it comes to West African religions.

In Dahomey: An Ancient West African Kingdom, Melville Herskovits clearly delineated Dangbé from Dan Aidowèdo and Dambada wèdo, where the latter two belong to the Dan family of vodun while Dangbé does not. This is corroborated by the description provided by Alfred Burton Ellis. However, the descriptions provided by Herskovits and Ellis must be read critically, as they contain methodological shortcomings.

A respectful and necessary critique of Melville Herskovits can be found here: Gai, Olabiyi Babalola J. "The Herskovits Legacy in African Narrative Analysis and Beyond." Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia 3.1 (2002): 0.

Alfred Burton Ellis is a yet more problematic source.

A brief history of vodun Dan is provided in: Toudonou, A. S. C., G. A. Mensah, and B. Sinsin. "Les serpents dans l’univers culturel au Bénin." Bulletin de la recherche agronomique du Bénin. N (2004): 23-33.

There are some glaring historical inaccuracies in this article, where the authors claim that King Agadja (c.1673–1740) conquered Savi (Sahouè) in “1927”. 

Omitting these errors and the article’s footnotes, Toudonou et al. provide some key details:

“Historique de la vénération des serpents au Bénin L’historique montre que le culte de « Dan » est venu du pays Mahi. Les personnes vouées au culte de « Dan » s’appellent « Mahinou et Dansi » (SEGUROLA et RASSINOUX, 2000). Ensuite, cette divinité "Dan" est partie du Plateau de Tado, lieu d’origine des peuples Adja, Houéda, Fon et Goun qui vénèrent le serpent python « dangbé5 » ou « dagbé6 » (python royal) et le « hon7 » ou « éhon8 » (python de Séba)I Ils sont surtout vénérés par les Houéda et les Xwla. Ces Houéda…fondèrent un royaume dont la capitale est Savi ou Sahouè et la maison du python : « Dangbéhoué », le temple de « Dangbé »...

…Pour les peuples des royaumes d’Allada, de Porto-Novo et d’Abomey…ainsi que pour les esclaves faits par leurs armées lors des razzias et des conquêtes (PLIYA, 1988), le « dan » est d’office une divinité…

…Par la suite, d’autres personnes et royaumes ont souhaité et ont adopté volontairement et librement le serpent fétiche « dan » après avoir découvert ses bienfaits…

Pour d’autres ethnies « dan », dieu serpent, est plutôt assimilé à l’arc-en-ciel et appelé « dan ayido houèdo ». Il est la force et le mouvement de la vie. De plus, il corrobore la théorie de la dualité des composantes de la création. En effet, sa partie rouge représente sa composante mâle et la bleue, sa part femelle. Etant au ciel, il soutient la terre et l’empêche de s’effondrer, preuve de sa suprématie…”

ENGLISH TRANSLATION: 

“History of serpent worship in Bénin shows that the cult of "Dan" came from the Mahi country. The people dedicated to the cult of "Dan" are called "Mahinou" and "Dansi" (SEGUROLA et RASSINOUX, 2000). Then, this divinity "Dan" left the Plateau of Tado, the place of origin of the Adja, Houéda, Fon and Goun people who worship the python "dangbé" / "dagbé" (royal python) and the "hon" / "ého" (python of Séba). They are especially worshiped by the Houédans and Xwlas. These Houédans…founded a Kingdom whose capital was Savi (or Sahouè) and the House of the Python: "Dangbéhoué", the Temple of "Dangbé"…

…For the peoples of the kingdoms of Allada, Porto-Novo, and Abomey [Danxomè]...as well as for the slaves made by their armies during raids and conquests (PLIYA, 1988) "dan" was automatically made a divinity...

...Subsequently, other peoples and kingdoms chose to freely and voluntarily adopt the serpent fetish "Dan" after discovering its benefits... 

For other ethnic groups "Dan", the serpent god, is instead assimilated with the rainbow and called "Dan Aidowèdo". He is the force and the movement of life. Additionally, he corroborates the theory of the duality of the components of Creation. In fact, its red part represents its male component and the blue, its female part. Being in the sky, he supports the earth and prevents it from collapsing, proof of his supremacy…”

This makes it difficult to determine whether “Blanc Dani” was a counterpart to Dangbé or Dan Aidowèdo. 

Candomblé Jeje has similar origins with 19th Century Louisiana Voudou, where many parallels can be identified. In Candomblé Jeje, Bessem (Dangbé) belongs to familia de Dan, alongside Dangbala Wedo (Dambada wèdo) and Aido Wedo (Aidowèdo). In fact, Bessem is the principal Vodun of familia de Dan. 

An insightful description is provided by the blog of Hùngbónò Charles: 

Because I cannot read Portuguese, the following quotes were obtained through machine translation.

As in Haiti, Aido Wedo is female and paired with Dangbala Wedo, who is male: “....The patriarchs of Dan's family are the couple Aidóhwedó and Dangbadáhwedó (Dambala). Aidóhwedó would be the rainbow serpent and Dambala would be its reflection in the waters...There are many voduns that make up the Dan family, with Bessém being the best known and most praised, his name being synonymous with life itself. Also noteworthy are Frekwén or Kwénkwén, Ojikún or Dan Jikún, Bossá or Bossalabê and his twin brother Bosukó, Dan Ikó or Dankó, Azannadô or Azoannadô, Bafono Deká among others, each with their own particularity and myths…”

Some other key points from Hùngbónò Charles:

Importance: “Dan (Serpent) is considered the greatest Vodun within the cult for us, belonging to the Jeje Mahi nation…The elders say that there are three kings and patrons of the Jeje Mahi nation: DànGbé (Bessém) [the serpent of life], Sògbó and Azansú…Among these three kings, Bessém stands out for being one of the first gods to exist and from him everything was born…”

Symbolism: “...The serpent represents movement and dynamism…it also represents transformation, evolution and metamorphosis...Dan is not only represented by the serpent but also by the rainbow...Dan symbolizes wealth, prosperity and abundance…”

Androgyny (further comment below): “It unites male and female, and is always worshipped as a couple and receives animal sacrifices of both sexes. The elders say that serpents never walk alone; where one is, the other is nearby, lurking…”

Relationship with Fá: “...Dan is the great God of transformation, lord of clairvoyance together with Fá (a vodun similar to the orisha Òrúnmíllá of the Yoruba people), encompassing everything related to the present, past and future. He represents luck, versatility and knowledge, being the divinity of reasoning and expansion…”

Color: “...His clothing varies according to Vodun, but his favorite color is white, as it symbolizes the union of all colors…”

Here, we see Bessem associated with the color white: 

While Bessem (Dangbé) himself can appear multi-colored, his worshippers dress in white, as familia de Dan is associated with the color white.

For examples:

The song for “Blanc Dani”: 

Tout, tout pays blanc–Danié qui commandé, 

Danié qui commande ça! 

Danié qui commandé.

SOURCE: Hearn, Lafcadio. Gombo Zhèbes: Little Dictionary of Creole Proverbs, Selected from Six Creole Dialects. New York, Will H. Coleman, 1885. p. 39. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/gombozhbeslittl00heargoog/page/n44/mode/2up 

Note the phonetic similarity between Danié (“Blanc Dani” / “Daniel Blanc”) and Dangbé. 

If “Blanc Dani” was the Louisiana equivalent to Bessem (Dangbé), this would explain why “Monsieur Danny” appears alongside “Monsieur D’Embarras”, and “Blanc Dani” appears alongside “Dambarra Soutons”:

Monsieur Danny = Blanc Dani = Bessem = Dangbé 

Monsieur D’Embarras = Dambarra Soutons = Dangbala Wedo = Dambada wèdo

However, Toudonou et. al also described how Dan was assimilated to Dan Aidowèdo by some ethnic groups. 19th Century Louisiana Voudou has much in common with Haitian Vodou, where Ayida wèdo and Dambala wèdo are two of the most important major lwa. In which case, “Blanc Dani” might be the Louisiana equivalent to Dan Aidowèdo, worshiped as male unlike in Haiti:

Monsieur Danny = Blanc Dani = Dan Aidowèdo

Monsieur D’Embarras = Dambarra Soutons = Dambada wèdo

Alternatively, “Blanc Dani” might have been a counterpart to Dambala wèdo / Dangbala Wedo, who is associated with the color white: 

In which case:

Monsieur Danny = Blanc Dani = Monsieur D’Embarras = Dambarra Soutons = Dambada wèdo

As such, I remain unable to determine which one “Blanc Dani” was an equivalent to.

The fictional character “Sir Duke” is best understood as a tribute to the Dan family of Vodun, mixing traits of Dangbé, Dambada wèdo, Dan Aidowèdo, and even Oxumaré. The male and female forms of this character are best understood as a pair of conjoined twins, who have separate personalities that can disagree with each other. Hence, why two voices are female and two voices are male. Due to the association between Vodun Dan and “transformation”, I think thermodynamics is an appropriate theme for this character – specifically, ‘energy transformations’.

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[silentambassadors]

Originally the Kingdom of Benin, the area of the current Republic of Benin was controlled by the French, at least in part, beginning in 1872.  It went through being a colony and part of French West Africa as French Dahomey, to independence as the Republic of Dahomey (1960), to being a Marxist-Leninist state as the People’s Republic of Benin (1975), to the current status as the Republic of Benin (1991).  And before all that [you might note that the capital is Porto-Novo - not very French and not very Yoruba or Fon (two of the predominant indigenous languages) either], the Portuguese based some of their slave trade out of that coast of the Gulf of Guinea (or the Slave Coast, as it was called).

Stamp details: Top left: Issued in: 1913 From: Porto-Novo, French Dahomey MC #42

Top right: Issued on: September 20, 1961 From: Porto-Novo, Republic of Dahomey MC #187

Middle stamps: Issued on: April 30, 1976 From: Porto-Novo, People’s Republic of Benin MC #43-45

Stamps on bottom: Issued on: June 14, 2010 From: Porto-Novo, Republic of Benin MC #1645-1647

Recognized as a sovereign state by the UN: Yes (since September 20, 1960) Official name: Republic of Benin; République du Bénin Member of the Universal Postal Union: Yes (since April 27, 1961)

[gwendolynlerman]

List of countries and capital cities in their official languages

English common name - capital city name: official name (romanization) (English official name) - common name - capital city name (romanization) (language[s])

In italics, names in national but not official languages.

*Working languages

Afghanistan - Kabul: امارت اسلامی افغانستان (Imārat-i Islāmī-yi Afghānistān)/د افغانستان اسلامي امارت (Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat) (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) - افغانستان (Afghānistān)/افغانستان (Afġānistān) - کابل (Kabul) (Dari/Pashto)

Albania - Tirana: Republika e Shqipërisë (Republic of Albania) - Shqipëri - Tiranë (Albanian)

Algeria - Algiers: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية (al-Jumhūriyya al-Jazāʾiriyya ad-Dīmuqrāṭiyya aš‑Šaʿbiyya)/ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵢⵜ (Tagduda tamegdayt taɣerfant tadzayriyt) (People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria) - الجزائر (al-Jazāʾir)/ⵍⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ (Lezzayer) - الجزائر (al-Jazāʾir)/ⵍⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵖⵜ (Lezzayer tamanaɣt) (Arabic/Tamazight)

Andorra - Andorra la Vella: Principat d’Andorra (Principality of Andorra) - Andorra - Andorra la Vella (Catalan)

Angola - Luanda: República de Angola/República de Angola/República de Angola/Repubilika ya Ngola/Republika yo Vongola (Republic of Andorra) - Angola/Angola/Angola/Ngola/Vongola - Luanda/Luanda/Luanda/Lwanda/Lwanda (Portuguese/Chokwe/Kimbundu/Kongo/Umbundu)

Antigua and Barbuda - St. John’s: Antigua and Barbuda (English)

Argentina - Buenos Aires: República Argentina (Argentine Republic) - Argentina (Spanish)

Armenia - Yerevan: Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն (Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun) (Republic of Armenia) - Հայաստան (Hayastan) - Երևան (Yerevan) (Armenian)

Australia - Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia (English)

Austria - Vienna: Republik Österreich (Republic of Austria) - Österreich - Wien (German)

Azerbaijan - Baku: Azərbaycan Respublikası (Republic of Azerbaijan) - Azərbaycan - Bakı (Azerbaijani)

The Bahamas - Nassau: Commonwealth of The Bahamas (English)

Bahrain - Manama: مملكة البحرين (Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn) (Kingdom of Bahrain) - البحرين (al-Baḥrayn) - المنامة (al-Manāma) (Arabic)

Bangladesh - Dhaka: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ (Gônoprojatontrī Bangladesh) (People’s Democratic Republic of Bangladesh) - বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh) - ঢাকা (Ḍhākā) (Bengali)

Barbados - Bridgetown: Barbados (English)

Belarus - Minsk: Рэспубліка Беларусь (Respublika Bielaruś)/Республика Беларусь (Respublika Belarus’) (Republic of Belarus) - Беларусь (Bielaruś)/Беларусь (Belarus’) - Мінск/Минск (Minsk) (Belarusian/Russian)

Belgium - Brussels: Koninkrijk België/Royaume de Belgique/Königreich Belgien (Kingdom of Belgium) - België/Belgique/Belgien - Brussel/Bruxelles/Brüssel (Dutch/French/German)

Belize - Belmopan: Belize - Belmopán (English)

Benin - Porto-Novo: Toxóɖɔɖo ɖò Benɛ/République du Bénin (Republic of Benin) - Benɛ/Benin - Xɔ̀gbónù (Fon, French)

Bhutan - Thimphu: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ (Druk Gyal Khap) - འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ (Druk Yul) - ཐིམ་ཕུག (Thimphu) (Dzongkha)

Bolivia - Sucre: Wuliwya Suyu/Tetã Hetãvoregua Mborivia/Puliwya Achka Aylluska Mamallaqta/Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (Plurinational State of Bolivia) - Wuliwya/Mborivia/Puliwya/Bolivia - Sukri/Sukre/Chuqichaka/Sucre (Aymara/Guaraní/Quechua/Spanish)

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo: Bosna i Hercegovina/Босна и Херцеговина - Sarajevo/Сарајево (Bosnian, Croatian/Serbian)

Botswana - Gaborone: Republic of Botswana/Lefatshe la Botswana - Botswana - Gaborone (English/Tswana)

Brazil - Brasília: República Federativa do Brasil (Federative Republic of Brazil) - Brasil (Portuguese)

Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan: نݢارا بروني دارالسلام‎ (Negara Brunei Darussalam) (Brunei Darussalam) - بروني (Brunei) - بندر سري بڬاوان (Bandar Seri Begawan) (Malay)

Bulgaria - Sofia: Република България (Republika Bǎlgariya) (Republic of Bulgaria) - България (Bǎlgariya) - София (Sofiya) (Bulgarian)

Burkina Faso - Ougadougou: Burkina Faso (French)

Burundi - Gitega: République du Burundi/Repubulika y’Uburundi (Republic of Burundi) - Burundi/Uburundi (French/Kirundi)

Cambodia - Phom Penh: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa) (Kingdom of Cambodia) - កម្ពុជា (Kâmpŭchéa) - ភ្នំពេញ (Phnum Pénh) (Khmer)

Cameroon - Yaoundé: République du Cameroun (Republic of Cameroon) - Cameroun (French)

Canada - Ottawa: Canada (English, French)

Cape Verde - Praia: República de Cabo Verde/Repúblika di Kabu Verdi (Republic of Cape Verde) - Cabo Verde/Kabu Verdi (Portuguese/Cape Verdean Creole)

Central African Republic - Bangui: République centrafricaine/Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka (Central African Republic) - Bangui/Bangî (French/Sango)

Chad - N’Djamena: جمهورية تشاد (Jumhūriyyat Tšād)/République du Tchad (Republic of Chad) - تشاد (Tšād)/Tchad - انجمينا (Injamīnā)/N’Djaména (Arabic/French)

Chile - Santiago: República de Chile (Republic of Chile) - Chile - Santiago de Chile (Spanish)

China - Beijing: 中华人民共和国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó) (People’s Republic of China) - 中国 (Zhōngguó) - 北京 (Běijīng) (Mandarin)

Colombia - Bogotá: República de Colombia (Republic of Colombia) - Colombia (Spanish)

Comoros - Moroni: الاتحاد القمري (al-Ittiḥād al-Qamarī)/Umoja wa Komori/Union des Comores (Union of the Comoros) - جزر القمر (Juzur al-Qamar)/Komori/Comores - موروني (Mūrūn��)/Moroni/Moroni (Arabic/Comorian/French)

Costa Rica - San José: República de Costa Rica (Republic of Costa Rica) - Costa Rica (Spanish)

Côte d’Ivoire - Yamoussoukro: République de Côte d’Ivoire (Republic of Côte d’Ivoire) - Côte d’Ivoire (French)

Croatia - Zagreb: Republika Hrvatska (Republic of Croatia) - Hrvatska (Croatian)

Cuba - Havana: República de Cuba (Republic of Cuba) - Cuba - La Habana (Spanish)

Cyprus - Nicosia: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία (Kypriakí Dimokratía)/Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti (Republic of Cyprus) - Κύπρος (Kýpros)/Kıbrıs - Λευκωσία (Lefkosía)/Lefkoşa (Greek/Turkish)

Czech Republic - Prague: Česká republika (Czech Republic) - Česko (Czechia) - Praha (Czech)

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kinshasa: République démocratique du Congo/Repubilika ya Kôngo ya Dimokalasi/Republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata/Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo) - Kinshasa/Kinshasa/Kinsásá/Kinshasa/Kinshasa (French/Kituba/Lingala/Luba-Kasai/Swahili)

Denmark - Copenhagen: Danmark - København (Danish)

Djibouti - Djibouti: Gabuutih Ummuuno/جمهورية جيبوتي (Jumhūrīyah Jībūtī)/République de Djibouti/Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti (Republic of Djibouti) - Yibuuti/جيبوتي (Jībūtī)/Djibouti/Jabuuti - Gabuutî/جيبوتي (Jībūtī)/Djibouti/Jabuuti (Afar/Arabic/French/Somali)

Dominica - Roseau: Commonwealth of Dominica (English)

Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo: República Dominicana (Dominican Republic) (Spanish)

East Timor - Dili: República Democrática de Timor-Leste/Repúblika Demokrátika de Timór-Leste (Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) - Timor-Leste/Timór-Leste - Díli (Portuguese/Tetum)

Ecuador - Quito: República del Ecuador (Republic of Ecuador) - Ecuador (Spanish)

Egypt - Cairo: جمهورية مصر العربية (Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah/Gomhoreyyet Maṣr el-ʿArabeyya) (Arab Republic of Egypt) - مِصر (Miṣr/Maṣr) - القاهرة (al-Qāhirah) (Modern Standard Arabic/Egyptian Arabic)

El Salvador - San Salvador: República de El Salvador (Republic of El Salvador) - El Salvador (Spanish)

Equatorial Guinea - Malabo: République de Guinée Équatoriale/República da Guiné Equatorial/República de Guinea Ecuatorial (Republic of Equatorial Guinea) - Guinée Équatoriale/Guiné Equatorial/Guinea Ecuatorial (French/Portuguese/Spanish)

Eritrea - Asmara: دولة إريتريا (Dawlat Irītriyā)/State of Eritrea/ሃገረ ኤርትራ (Hagere Ertra) - دولة إرتريا (Irītriyā)/ኤርትራ (Ertra) - أسمرة (ʿAsmara)/Asmara/ኣስመራ (’Asmära) (Arabic/English/Tigrinya)*

Estonia - Tallinn: Eesti Vabariik (Republic of Estonia) - Eesti (Estonian)

Eswatini - Mbabane, Lobamba: Umbuso weSwatini/Kingdom of Eswatini - eSwatini - ÉMbábáne, Lobamba (Swazi/English)

Ethiopia - Addis Ababa: Itiyoppiya Federaalak Demokraatik Rippeblikih/የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk)/Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa Itiyoophiyaa/Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya/ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ (Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīki Ítiyop’iya) (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia) - Itiyoppiya/ኢትዮጵያ (ʾĪtyōṗṗyā)/Itiyoophiyaa/Itoobiya/ኢትዮጵያ (Ítiyop’iya) - Addiss Abba/አዲስ አበባ (Ādīsi Ābeba)/Finfinnee/Adiss Ababa/አዲስ አበባ (’Ädis ’Äbäba) (Afar/Amharic/Oromo/Somali/Tingrinya)

Fiji - Suva: Matanitu Tugalala o Viti/फ़िजी गणराज्य (Fijī Gaṇarājya)/Republic of Fiji - Viti/फ़िजी (Fijī) - Suva/सुवा (Suva) (Fijian/Fiji Hindi/English)

Finland - Helsinki: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland (Republic of Finland) - Suomi/Finland - Helsinki/Helsingfors (Finnish/Swedish)

France - Paris: République française (French Republic) - France (French)

Gabon - Libreville: République gabonaise (Gabonese Republic) - Gabon (French)

The Gambia - Banjul: Republic of The Gambia (English)

Georgia - Tbilisi: საქართველო (Sakartvelo) - თბილისი (Tbilisi) (Georgian)

Germany - Berlin: Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany) (German)

Ghana - Accra: Republic of Ghana (English)

Greece - Athens: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία (Ellinikí Dimokratía) (Hellenic Republic) - Αθήνα (Athína) (Greek)

Grenada - St. George’s: Grenada (English)

Guatemala - Guatemala City: República de Guatemala (Republic of Guatemala) - Guatemala - Ciudad de Guatemala (Spanish)

Guinea - Conakry: République de Guinée (Republic of Guinea) - Guinée (French)

Guinea-Bissau - Bissau: República da Guiné-Bissau (Republic of Guinea-Bissau) - Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese)

Guyana - Georgetown: Co-operative Republic of Guyana (English)

Haiti - Port-au-Prince: République d’Haïti/Repiblik d Ayiti (Republic of Haiti) - Haïti/Ayiti - Port-au-Prince/Pòtoprens (French/Haitian Creole)

Honduras - Tegucigalpa: República de Honduras (Republic of Honduras) - Honduras (Spanish)

Hungary - Budapest: Magyarország (Hungary) (Hungarian)

Iceland - Reykjavík: Ísland (Iceland) (Icelandic)

India - New Delhi: Republic of India/भारत गणराज्य (Bhārat Gaṇarājya) - भारत (Bhārat) - नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī) (English/Hindi)

Indonesia - Jakarta: Republik Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia) - Indonesia (Indonesian)

Iran - Tehran: جمهوری اسلامی ایران (Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân) (Islamic Republic of Iran) - ایران (Irân) - تهران (Tehrân) (Persian) 

Iraq - Baghdad: جمهورية العراق (Jumhūriīyet al-ʿIrāq)/کۆماری عێراق (Komarî Êraq) (Republic of Iraq) - الْعِرَاق (al-ʿIrāq)/عێراق (Êraq) - بغداد (Baġdād)/بەغدا (Bexda) (Arabic/Kurdish)

Ireland - Dublin: Ireland/Éire - Baile Átha Cliath (English/Irish)

Israel - Jerusalem: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ (Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl) - יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yīsrāʾēl) - יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (Yerushaláyim) (Hebrew)

Italy - Rome: Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic) - Italia - Roma (Italian)

Jamaica - Kingston: Jamaica/Jumieka (English/Jamaican Patois)

Japan - Tokyo: 日本国 (Nippon-koku) (Japan) - 東京 (Tōkyō) (Japanese)

Jordan - Amman: المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية (al-Mamlakah al-’Urdunniyyah al-Hāshimiyyah) (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) - الأردن (al-ʾUrdunn) - عَمَّان (ʿAmmān) (Arabic)

Kazakhstan - Astana: Қазақстан Республикасы (Qazaqstan Respublikasy)/Республика Казахстан (Respublika Kazakhstan) - Қазақстан (Qazaqstan)/Казахстан (Kazakhstan) - Астана (Astana) (Kazakh/Russian)

Kenya - Nairobi: Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya (English/Swahili)

Kiribati - South Tarawa: Republic of Kiribati/Ribaberiki Kiribati - Tarawa Teinainano (English/Gilbertese)

Kuwait - Kuwait City: دولة الكويت (Dawlat al-Kuwayt) (State of Kuwait) - الكويت (al-Kuwayt) - مدينة الكويت (Madinat al-Kuwayt) (Arabic)

Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek: Кыргыз Республикасы (Kyrgyz Respublikasy)/Кыргызская Республика (Kyrgyzskaya Respublika) (Kyrgyz Republic) - Кыргызстан (Kyrgyzstan)/Кыргызстан (Kyrgyzstan) - Бишкек (Bishkek) (Kyrgyz/Russian)

Laos - Vientiane: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ (Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxôn Lao) (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) - ລາວ (Lāo) - ວຽງຈັນ (Viangchan) (Lao)

Latvia - Riga: Latvijas Republika (Republic of Latvia) - Latvija - Rīga (Latvian)

Lebanon - Beirut: ٱلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱللُّبْنَانِيَّةُ (al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah) (Republic of Lebanon) - لُبْنَان (Lubnān) - بيروت (Bayrūt) (Arabic)

Lesotho - Maseru: Naha ea Lesotho/Kingdom of Lesotho - Lesotho (Sotho/English)

Liberia - Monrovia: Republic of Liberia (English)

Libya - Tripoli: دولة ليبيا (Dawlat Lībiyā) - ليبيا (Lībiyā) - طرابلس (Ṭarābulus) (Arabic)

Liechtenstein - Vaduz: Fürstentum Liechtenstein (Principality of Liechtenstein) - Liechtenstein (German)

Lithuania - Vilnius: Lietuvos Respublika (Republic of Lithuania) - Lietuva (Lithuanian)

Luxembourg - Luxembourg: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg​/Großherzogtum Luxemburg/Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) - Luxembourg/Luxemburg/Lëtzebuerg - Luxembourg/Luxemburg/Lëtzebuerg (French/German/Luxembourgish)

Madagascar - Antananarivo: Repoblikan’i Madagasikara/République de Madagascar (Republic of Madagascar) - Madagasikara/Madagascar - Tananarive/Antananarivo (French/Malagasy)

Malawi - Lilongwe: Republic of Malawi/Dziko la Malaŵi - Malaŵi (English/Chewa)

Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia (Malay)

Maldives - Malé: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ (Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa) (Republic of Maldives) - ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ (Dhivehi Raajje) - މާލެ (Maale) (Dhivehi)

Mali - Bamako: République du Mali (Republic of Mali) - Mali (French)

Malta - Valletta: Repubblika ta’ Malta (Republic of Malta) - Malta - il-Belt Valletta (Maltese)

Marshall Islands - Majuro: Republic of the Marshall Islands/Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ - Ṃajeḷ - Mājro (English/Marshallese)

Mauritania - Nouakchott: الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية (al-Jumhūrīyah al-Islāmīyah al-Mūrītānīyah) (Islamic Republic of Mauritania) - موريتانيا (Mūrītānyā) - نواكشوط (Nawakshut) (Arabic)

Mauritius - Port Louis: République de Maurice/Repiblik Moris (Republic of Mauritius) - Maurice/Moris - Port-Louis/Polwi (French/Mauritian Creole)

Mexico - Mexico City: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States) - México - Ciudad de México (Spanish)

Micronesia - Palikir: Federated States of Micronesia (English)

Moldova - Chișinău: Republica Moldova (Republic of Moldova) - Moldova (Moldovan)

Monaco - Monaco: Principauté de Monaco (Principality of Monaco) - Monaco (French)

Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar: ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (Moŋğol ulus)/Монгол Улс (Mongol Uls) (Mongolia) - ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (Ulaganbagator)/Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar) (Mongolian)

Montenegro - Podgorica: Mali i Zi/Црна Гора/Crna Gora - Podgorica/Подгорица/Podgorica (Albanian/Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian)

Morocco - Rabat: المملكة المغربية (al-Mamlaka al-Maḡribiyya)/ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ (Tageldit n lmeɣrib) (Kingdom of Morocco) - المغرب (al-Maḡrib)/ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ (lmeɣrib) - الرِّبَاط (er-Ribât)/ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ (Ṛṛbaṭ) (Arabic/Tamazight)

Mozambique - Maputo: República de Moçambique (Republic of Mozambique) - Moçambique (Portuguese)

Myanmar - Naypyidaw: ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်‌ (Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw) (Republic of the Union of Myanmar) - မြန်မာ (Myăma) - နေပြည်တော် (Nepranytau) (Burmese)

Namibia - Windhoek: Republic of Namibia/Republiek van Namibië/Republik Namibia/Orepublika yaNamibia/Namibiab Republiki dib/Republika zaNamibia/Namibia ye Lukuluhile/Orepublika yaNamibia/Rephaboliki ya Namibia - Namibië/Namibia/Namibia/Namibiab/Namibia/Namibia/Namibia/Namibia - Windhoek/Windhoek/Windhoek/Otjomuise/ǀAi-ǁGams/Windhoek/Windhoek/Windhoek/Windhoek (English/Afrikaans/German/Herero/Khoekhoe/Kwangali/Lozi/Ovambo/Tswana)

Nauru - Yaren: Republic of Nauru/Repubrikin Naoero - Naoero (English/Nauruan)

Nepal - Kathmandu: सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल (Saṅghīya Lokatāntrik Gaṇatantra Nepāl) (Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal) - नेपाल (Nepāl) - काठमाडौँ (Kāṭhamāḍaum̐) (Nepali)

The Netherlands - Amsterdam: Nederland (Dutch)

New Zealand - Wellington: New Zealand/Aotearoa/https://www.nzsl.nz/signs/5791 - Te Whanganui-a-Tara/https://www.nzsl.nz/signs/4738 (English/Māori/New Zealand Sign Language)

Nicaragua - Managua: República de Nicaragua (Republic of Nicaragua) - Nicaragua (Spanish)

Niger - Niamey: République du Niger (Republic of the Niger) - Niger (French)

Nigeria - Abuja: Federal Republic of Nigeria/Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya/Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà/Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà - Najeriya/Naìjíríyà/Nàìjíríà - Abuja/Abuja/Àbújá (English//Hausa/Igbo/Yoruba)

Niue - Alofi: Niue/Niuē (English/Niuean)

North Korea - Pyongyang: 조선민주주의인민공화국 (Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk) (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) - 조선 (Chosŏn) - 평양시 (Pyeong-yangsi) (Korean)

North Macedonia - Skopje: Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut/Република Северна Македонија (Republika Severna Makedonija) (Republic of North Macedonia) - Maqedonia e Veriut/Северна Македонија (Severna Makedonija) - Shkup/Скопје (Skopie) (Albanian/Macedonian)

Norway - Oslo: Kongeriket Norge/Vuona gånågisrijkka/Norgga gonagasriika/Kongeriket Noreg/Nöörjen gånkarïjhke (Kingdom of Norway) - Norge/Vuodna/Norga/Noreg/Nöörje - Oslo/Oslo/Oslo/Oslo/Oslove (Bokmål/Lule Sámi/Northern Sámi/Nynorsk/Southern Sámi)

Oman - Muscat: سلطنة عُمان (Salṭanat ʻUmān) (Sultanate of Oman) - عُمَان (ʿUmān) - مَسْقَط (Masqaṭ) (Arabic)

Pakistan - Islamabad: Islamic Republic of Pakistan/اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاكِستان (Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān) - پاکِستان (Pākistān) - اسلام آباد (Islām-ābād) (English/Urdu)

Palau - Ngeruldmud: Republic of Palau/Beluu er a Belau - Belau (English/Palauan)

Palestine - Jerusalem: دولة فلسطين‎ (Dawlat Filasṭīn) (State of Palestine) - فلسطين (Filasṭīn) - القُدس (al‑Quds) (Arabic)

Panama - Panama City: República de Panamá (Republic of Panama) - Panamá (Spanish) - Ciudad de Panamá

Papua New Guinea - Port Moresby: Independent State of Papua New Guinea/Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini/Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini - Papua Niu Gini/Papua Niugini (English/Hiri Motu/Tok Pisin) - Pot Mosbi/Pot Mosbi

Paraguay - Asunción: Tetã Paraguái/República del Paraguái (Republic of Paraguay) - Paraguái/Paraguay (Guaraní/Spanish)

Peru - Lima: Piruw Suyu/Piruw Ripuwlika/República del Perú (Republic of Peru) - Piruw/Piruw/Perú (Aymara/Quechua/Spanish)

The Philippines - Manila: Republic of the Philippines/Republika ng Pilipinas - Pilipinas - Maynila (English/Filipino)

Poland - Warsaw: Rzeczpospolita Polska (Republic of Poland) - Polska - Warszawa (Polish)

Portugal - Lisbon: República Portuguesa (Portuguese Republic) - Portugal - Lisboa (Portuguese)

Qatar - Doha: دولة قطر (Dawlat Qaṭar) (State of Qatar) - قطر (Qaṭar) - الدوحة (ad-Dawḥa) (Arabic)

Republic of the Congo - Brazzaville: République du Congo/Repubilika ya Kôngo/Republíki ya Kongó (Republic of the Congo) (French/Kituba/Lingala)

Romania - Bucharest: România (Romania) - București (Romanian)

Russia - Moscow: Российская Федерация (Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) (Russian Federation) - Россия (Rossiya) - Москва (Moskva) (Russian)

Rwanda - Kigali: Republic of Rwanda/République du Rwanda/Repubulika y’u Rwanda/Jamhuri ya Rwanda - Rwanda/u Rwanda/Rwanda (English/French/Kinyarwanda/Swahili)

Saint Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis (English)

Saint Lucia - Castries: Saint Lucia (English)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Kingstown: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (English)

Samoa - Apia: Independent State of Samoa/Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa - Sāmoa (English/Samoan) 

San Marino - San Marino: Repubblica di San Marino (Republic of San Marino) - San Marino (Italian)

São Tomé and Príncipe - São Tomé: República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe (Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe) - São Tomé e Príncipe (Portuguese)

Saudi Arabia - Riyadh: ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسُّعُوْدِيَّة (al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah as-Suʿūdīyah) (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) - ٱلسُّعُوْدِيَّة (as-Suʿūdīyah) - الرياض (ʿar-Riyāḍ) (Arabic)

Senegal - Dakar: République du Sénégal (Republic of Senegal) - Sénégal (French)

Serbia - Belgrade: Република Србија/Republika Srbija (Republic of Serbia) - Србија/Srbija - Београд/Beograd (Serbian)

Seychelles - Victoria: Republic of Seychelles/République des Seychelles/Repiblik Sesel - Seychelles/Sesel (English/French/Seychellois)

Sierra Leone - Freetwon: Republic of Sierra Leone (English)

Singapore - Singapore: Republic of Singapore/Republik Singapura/新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó)/சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (Ciṅkappūr Kuṭiyaracu) - Singapura/新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō)/சிங்கப்பூர் (Ciṅkappūr) - Singapura/新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō)/சிங்கப்பூர் (Ciṅkappūr) (English/Malay/Mandarin/Tamil)

Slovakia - Bratislava: Slovenská republika (Slovak Republic) - Slovensko (Slovak)

Slovenia - Ljubljana: Republika Slovenija (Republic of Slovenia) - Slovenija (Slovene)

Solomon Islands - Honiara: Solomon Islands (English)

Somalia - Mogadishu: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية (Jumhūriyah as-Sūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah)/Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya - الصومال (aṣ-Ṣūmāl) - Soomaaliya - مقديشو (Maqadishu)/Muqdisho (Arabic/Somali)

South Africa - Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria: Republiek van Suid-Afrika/Republic of South Africa/Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa/iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika/Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa/iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika/Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga/iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika/Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa/Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe/iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika - Suid-Afrika/Afrika Borwa/iSewula Afrika/Afrika Borwa/iNingizimu Afrika/Afrika-Dzonga/Aforika Borwa/Afurika Tshipembe/uMzantsi Afrika/iNingizimu Afrika - Bloemfontein/Bloemfontein/Mangaung/Bloemfontein/Mangaung/Bloemfontein/Bloemfontein/Bloemfontein/Bloemfontein/iBloemfontein/Bloemfontein, Kaapstad/Cape Town/Cape Town/Cape Town/Cape Town/Cape Town/e Cape Town/Cape Town/Cape Town/iKapa/iKapa, Pretoria/Pretoria/Pretoria/iPitori/Pretoria/iPitoli/Pitori/Pretoria/Pretoria/iPitoli/iPitoli (Afrikaans/English/Northern Sotho/Southern Ndebele/Southern Sotho/Swati/Tsonga/Tswana/Venda/Xhosa/Zulu)

South Korea: 대한민국 (Daehan Minguk) (Republic of Korea) - 한국 (Hanguk) - 서울 (Seoul) (Korean)

South Sudan - Juba: Republic of South Sudan (English)

Spain - Madrid: Espainiako Erresuma/Regne d’Espanya/Reino de España/Reiaume d’Espanha/Reino de España (Kingdom of Spain) - Espainia/Espanya/España/Espanha/España - Madril/Madrid/Madrid/Madrid/Madrid (Basque/Catalan/Galician/Occitan/Spanish)

Sri Lanka: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය (Śrī Laṅkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajaya)/இலங்கை சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசு (Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Sōsalisak Kuṭiyarasu) (Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka) - ශ්‍රී ලංකාව (Śrī Laṅkā)/இலங்கை (Ilaṅkai) - ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ (Śrī Jayavardhanapura Kōṭṭē)/ஶ்ரீ ஜெயவர்த்தனபுர கோட்டை (Śrī Jeyavarttaṉapura Kōṭṭai) (Sinhala/Tamil)

Sudan - Khartoum: جمهورية السودان (Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān)/Republic of the Sudan - السودان (as-Sūdān) - الخرطوم (al-Khurṭūm) (Arabic/English)

Suriname - Paramaribo: Republiek Suriname (Republic of Suriname) - Suriname (Dutch)

Sweden - Stockholm: Konungariket Sverige (Kingdom of Sweden) - Sverige (Swedish)

Switzerland - Bern: Confédération suisse/Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft/Confederazione Svizzera/Confederaziun svizra (Swiss Confederation) - Suisse/Schweiz/Svizzera/Svriza - Berne/Bern/Berna/Berna (French/German/Italian/Romansh)

Syria - Damascus: ٱلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلسُّورِيَّةُ (al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) (Syrian Arab Republic) - سُورِيَة (Sūriyā) - دِمَشق (Dimashq) (Arabic)

Taiwan - Taipei: 中華民國 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó) (Republic of China) - 臺灣 (Táiwān) - 臺北市 (Táiběi Shì) (Mandarin)

Tajikistan - Dushanbe: Республика Та��жикистан (Respublika Tadzhikistan)/Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Jumhurii Tojikiston) (Republic of Tajikistan) - Таджикистан (Tadzhikistan)/Тоҷикистон (Tojikiston) - Душанбe (Dushanbe) (Russian/Tajik)

Tanzania - Dodoma: United Republic of Tanzania/Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania - Tanzania (English/Swahili)

Thailand - Bangkok: ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Ratcha-anachak Thai) (Kingdom of Thailand) - ประเทศไทย (Pratheṣ̄thịy) - กรุงเทพมหานคร (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon) (Thai)

Togo - Lomé: République togolaise (Togolese Republic) - Togo (French)

Tonga - Nukuʻalofa: Kingdom of Tonga/Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga - Tonga (English/Tongan)

Trinidad and Tobago - Port of Spain: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (English)

Tunisia - Tunis: الجمهورية التونسية (al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah) (Republic of Tunisia) - تونس (Tūnis) - تونس (Tūnis) (Arabic)

Turkmenistan - Ashgabat: Türkmenistan - Aşgabat (Turkmen)

Tuvalu - Funafuti: Tuvalu (English, Tuvaluan)

Türkiye - Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (Republic of Turkey) (Turkish)

Uganda - Kampala: Republic of Uganda/Jamhuri ya Uganda - Uganda (English/Swahili)

Ukraine - Kyiv: Україна (Ukraïna) (Ukraine) - Київ (Kyiv) (Ukrainian)

United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi: الإمارات العربية المتحدة (al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) (United Arab Emirates) - أَبُو ظَبْيٍ (Abū Ẓabī) (Arabic)

United Kingdom - London: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (English)

United States - Washington, D.C.: United States of America (English)

Uruguay - Montevideo: República Oriental del Uruguay (Oriental Republic of Uruguay) - Uruguay (Spanish)

Uzbekistan - Tashkent: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi (Republic of Uzbekistan) - Oʻzbekiston - Тошкент (Toshkent) (Uzbek)

Vanuatu - Port Vila: Ripablik blong Vanuatu/Republic of Vanuatu/République de Vanuatu - Vanuatu - Vila/Port Vila/Port-Vila (Bislama/English/French)

Vatican City - Vatican City: Stato della Città del Vaticano (Vatican City State) - Città del Vaticano (Vatican City) - Città del Vaticano (Italian)

Venezuela - Caracas: República Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) - Venezuela (Spanish)

Vietnam - Hanoi: Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) - Hà Nội (Vietnamese)

Yemen - Sana’a: ٱلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْيَمَنِيَّةُ (al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah) (Republic of Yemen) - ٱلْيَمَن (al-Yaman) - صَنْعَاء (���anʿāʾ) (Arabic)

Zambia - Lusaka: Republic of Zambia (English)

Zimbabwe - Harare: Dziko la Zimbabwe/Republic of Zimbabwe/Hango yeZimbabwe/Inyika yeZimbabwe/Nyika yeZimbabwe/Ilizwe leZimbabwe/Dziko la Zimbabwe/Nyika yeZimbabwe/Naha ya Zimbabwe/ Cisi ca Zimbabwe/Zimbabwe Nù/Tiko ra Zimbabwe/Shango ḽa Zimbabwe/Ilizwe lase-Zimbabwe - Zimbabwe (Chewa/English/Kalanga/Nambya/Ndau/Northern Ndbele/Sena/Shona/Sotho/Tonga/Tsoa/Tsonga/Venda/Xhosa)

[fruitcoops]

Just read your recent fic where Sirius gets injured and I love it!! I was wondering if you could do a lik continuation? Possibly Remus getting home and Sirius is down in the rink or maybe Sirius being grumpy because he can’t play? I don’t know I’m not good at ideas😂 I just love your writing so so much

Anon 1:  loved protective logan when sirius was hurt !! could you write some sirius and logan brotherly bonding?

Thank you both, that’s so kind! I love Logan and Sirius’ relationship in SW and they’re some of my favorites to write--I hope you enjoy! Coops and O’Knutzy credit belongs to @lumosinlove!

Part 1 here

TW for mentions of concussions/ unconsciousness

“Give them back.”

“No.”

“Remus, give them back.”

“Not until you look me in the eyes and promise.” Remus held the skates further out of Sirius’ reach, scooting back on the counter.

Sirius sighed. “Remus, I promi—”

“Look me in the eyes.”

“Don’t you trust me?”

“I trust you with everything except this,” Remus said, setting the skates down in his lap. “Baby, I know you want to be out on the ice so bad, but it’s only been a few days. You have to rest so you can get better.”

Sirius chewed the inside of his lip, but nodded and looked Remus in the eyes. “Remus, I promise not to skate for the next full week.”

“Why?”

“Because I have a mild concussion and was knocked unconscious at our last game.”

Remus took his hand and gave it a squeeze. “Thank you, Sirius. I know it seems stupid but it’s so important.”

“Can I have my skates back?” Remus rolled his eyes, but handed them back over and kissed Sirius’ forehead before hopping off the countertop. “How long until Leo gets here?”

“Five min—” The doorbell rang and both of them raised their eyebrows. “Now, I guess.”

Leo was not alone when they opened the door. “Why are you up?” Logan demanded immediately. “Aller se coucher, idiot! Loops, you know better.”

“C’est bénin!” Sirius protested, slapping at Logan’s hands as he pushed him backwards by the shoulders. Logan, being a miniature freight train, didn’t slow down until the backs of his knees hit the couch and he laid down with a huff. “Idiot.”

Logan narrowed his eyes and crossed his arms at the other end of the sofa. “Don’t move.”

“I’m fine!”

“You’re stupid, is what you are.”

“It was an accident.” Sirius kicked him lightly in the stomach.

“Don’t kick me!”

“And now they’re yelling in French,” Finn sighed from the doorway. “Wonderful.”

“It’s quite entertaining, actually,” Leo said with a small smile as Remus hid his laughter behind his hand. “Lo just called him stupid.”

Sirius shook his head, then grimaced as it made him dizzy. “Thank you for bringing the soup, rookie.”

Leo shrugged. “It’s tradition. I bring soup, Lo yells with deep affection, and Fish is here for moral support. We’re a mini hype squad.”

“If we get Regulus in here, it’ll be a party,” Remus remarked; Sirius didn’t like that he only sounded half-joking as he and the others headed into the kitchen. “Thank you for finally getting him to sit down, Tremz.”

Logan’s frown deepened. “You’re not listening to Loops?” Sirius pulled a face at him. “He’s your fiancé! The love and light of your life who also has a fucking medical degree! If you weren’t already concussed, I’d hit you.”

“Ha! Immunity.” A balled-up tissue smacked him in the face two seconds later. “Honey, Logan’s being mean!”

“Did you deserve it?”

“Oui!” Logan called before Sirius could answer.

Sirius scowled. “I could kick you out of my house so fast.”

“But you won’t. Scoot over, I want cuddles.” Half of Logan’s shoulder hung off the edge, even though Sirius turned on his side to make room. There was a moment of quiet. “You scared me.”

“I’m sorry.”

“Non, it’s—” Logan stopped for a moment and bumped their foreheads together. “Don’t do that again, d’accord? Watching you fall and not get up was one of the scariest things I’ve ever seen.”

“Lo—”

Logan shook his head. “Don’t apologize. You have nothing to apologize for. Just be careful and listen to Loops, since he knows what he’s talking about.”

“I know he does.” Sirius let Logan snuggle into his chest and rested his chin on the top of his head. “It’s hard to slow down when people tell you to, though.”

“It is. We missed you at practice today.” A deep well of affection warmed in Sirius’ chest. “Pots is doing great, though. You should be proud of him.”

“Are you going to start calling him Cap now?” Sirius teased.

“Never. I’m still going to call you Cap when I’m stealing the tennis balls off your walker.”

Laughing made Sirius’ head hurt a little bit, but he couldn’t hold it down at that mental image. The smell of soup drifted out of the kitchen along with snippets of conversation as Logan sat up and dragged the couch blanket on top of him, tucking him in with almost aggressive force. “Merci beaucoup.”

Logan poked his nose. “Don’t move.”

[isispoet-blog]

Can’t find a Zangbetto, guess where some of them@might be living… In Voudon Zangbeto are the traditional guardians of the night among the Ogu or Egun people of Benin, Togo and Nigeria. #vodoun #voudon #afrikanspirituality #afrikanculture #africanculture #Benin #bénin #westafrica #westafrican #afrika https://www.instagram.com/p/CZIQV2kqLVb/?utm_medium=tumblr

[elsarah]

A nice interview of Winona (Noée) and Lucas (Camille) was published in Le Monde last week. It's under a pay wall but I bought a copy and the IVT shared one on their Facebook, if you want to see the whole thing in French.

I thought it would be neat to translate parts of it because it might give you an insight of what it's like to be deaf in France and maybe understand where Noée’s distrust of hearing people comes from. France is way behind countries like the United States regarding accessibility.

Winona says she has always dreamed a bit of becoming an actress, but never believed it would be possible. It was her dad who encouraged her to audition for Skam France. She explains she grew up in a deaf family and that for a very long time, she felt more comfortable in the company of deaf people. She spent her last two years of high school in a mainstream school, with a specially hired help (we call them "assistants de vie scolaire" or “AVS” in France) who would translate her classes in FSL. But she felt alone and hated it, so after she got her Baccaulauréat, she left France for Bénin as an humanitarian aid worker. Now, she still has to figure out what she wants to study because "I need to make the right choice so I can find the courage and the strength to fight to get interpreters".

Lucas explains he was directly contacted by the production of Skam France but never thought he would get the part since "when you're deaf, you get used to tell yourself that some things just won't happen for you". Regarding his studies, he thought he would never get his BTS (Advanced Technician Certificate, he majored in fashion), because he could only get an interpreter for his classes for 3 hours out of his weekly 36 hours. He couldn't have made it without his friends and a hired help (AVS).

Both of them criticize the habit of casting hearing actors to play deaf characters. For Winona, it's basically like blackface and for Lucas, it leads to an incomprehensible use of sign language. They praise the filming team of Skam France for getting prepared to work with them. The team consulted International Visual Theater for the script, the casting, the editing, but also to raise awareness on how to work with deaf people. According to Lucas "it was exciting to arrive on set with a team that was ready to work with us. They had been taught things like how to turn the light on and off to let us know shooting was starting." Depending on the scene, they worked with or without interpreters.

They say that the series was an opportunity to showcase the importance of associations (like the ASJF in Skam France). For Winona, these deaf centres were like a second home and for Lucas, who was raised in a mostly hearing family, they helped him to become proud of his identity.

They would both like to act again, but they're not naïve; they know there are almost no opportunities for them. But they hope the season will make the industry want to employ more deaf people.

[tessacolasworld]

Here is Amarachi's Prayer , please I need help with my Amara.....😟😟🏃‍♀️🏃‍♀️ Amarachi is at it again ooo you people come see oooh mmmm.. Lockdown mother & daughter. #facebook #tiktoknig #acting #love @capricornempire22 Share & like 🙏 .. .. .. .. #ibadanweddings #abujaweddings #abia #owerrimua #lagosnigeria🇳🇬 #tiktok #bénin #lagosisland #fashion #church #asoebi #asorock #usa🇺🇸 #eroupe #governmentconspiracy #governmentcorruption #nollywood #portraitphotography #porthacourt #tundeednut #UltimateLoveNG #Iykeresa  #Nigeria #ibadan #canada #southafrican https://www.instagram.com/p/B_gQchLJCIN/?igshid=1j57pozzdnucp

[vangoghs-other-ear]

French Around the World! Bénin / Benin

Benin is a small Francophone nation in west Africa. Before colonization, Benin was made up of many different kingdoms, the most famous being the Nikki in the north and the Dahomey in the south. People living in the area were often sold in the transatlantic slave trade. The Dahomey in particular sold their prisoners of war, leading to resentment from other tribes.

Having informally colonized the area for many years, the French officially took over in 1878, and Benin did not have independence until 1960. Since then the government has undergone many periods of change. As of right now the country is technically ruled by a democratically elected president, however some fear that the current president, Patrice Talon is making moves to establish a de facto dictatorship, by making it hard (or even impossible) to run against him.

Capital(s): Porto-Novo

President (as of July 2019): Patrice Talon

French in Benin

French is the national language used in education and the media, however only around 35% of the population speak it fluently (still a bigger percentage than any other language). Many use french as a lingua franca, no one’s first language, but it is widely understood. 

Benin Vocabulary

Béninois(e)- someone from benin

L’homme-requin- The man shark, symbol of the kingdom of Dahomey

Le vaudou- Vodun, a traditional west African religion

Les Écureuils- the national football team of Benin “the Squirrels”

La désertification- a threat to Benin’s savannas

Le Franc (cfa)- A currency used by several African countries, including Benin

une igname- The vernacular word for ‘Yam’

La Béninoise- a popular brand of beer

Le Panthère- panther (the national seal bears two panthers)

Roi Behanzin, héro de la résistance à la colonisation- King Behanzin, Hero of the resistance to colonialism

[the-girl-who-didnt-smile]

Sir Duke / Grandmother Serpent [1][2][3]

Notes

Original French: “Historique de la vénération des serpents au Bénin L’historique montre que le culte de « Dan » est venu du pays Mahi. Les personnes vouées au culte de « Dan » s’appellent « Mahinou et Dansi » (SEGUROLA et RASSINOUX, 2000). Ensuite, cette divinité "Dan" est partie du Plateau de Tado, lieu d’origine des peuples Adja, Houéda, Fon et Goun qui vénèrent le serpent python « dangbé5 » ou « dagbé6 » (python royal) et le « hon7 » ou « éhon8 » (python de Séba)I Ils sont surtout vénérés par les Houéda et les Xwla…Pour d’autres ethnies « dan », dieu serpent, est plutôt assimilé à l’arc-en-ciel et appelé « dan ayido houèdo ». Il est la force et le mouvement de la vie. De plus, il corrobore la théorie de la dualité des composantes de la création. En effet, sa partie rouge représente sa composante mâle et la bleue, sa part femelle. Etant au ciel, il soutient la terre et l’empêche de s’effondrer, preuve de sa suprématie…” There are some glaring historical inaccuracies in this article, where the authors claim that King Agadja (c.1673–1740) conquered Savi (Sahouè) in “1927”. Still, the article provides key details that Herskovits and Ellis failed to mention, as shown in bold. Source: Toudonou, A. S. C., G. A. Mensah, and B. Sinsin. "Les serpents dans l’univers culturel au Bénin." Bulletin de la recherche agronomique du Bénin. N (2004): 23-33.; See also Tom Oloorê’s description of Oxumaré (Yoruba counterpart to Dangbé), in which he states: “O seu culto veio de terras mahi.” Source: Tom Oloorê. “Oxumarê | Òṣùmàrè - Orixá da Transformação e Riqueza - EP#180”. YouTube, 10 Oct. 2022.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLvhCRX5Ikk 

Ellis, Alfred Burdon. The Eʻwe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, &c. United Kingdom, Chapman and Hall, limited, 1890. p. 48. Retrieved from:  https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_E%CA%BBwe_speaking_Peoples_of_the_Slave/Ak9M8SXJlekC?hl=en&gbpv=0 

Encyclopedia of African Religion. United Kingdom, SAGE Publications, 2009. p. 693. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofafricanreligionpdfdrive.com/page/n723/mode/1up? 

Herskovits, Melville Jean. Dahomey, an Ancient West African Kingdom, Vol. II. United States, Northwestern University Press, 1967. p. 248-249. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/dahomeyancientwe0000hers/page/248/mode/2up 

Ellis, Alfred Burdon. The Eʻwe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, &c. United Kingdom, Chapman and Hall, limited, 1890. pp. 47-49. Retrieved from:  https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_E%CA%BBwe_speaking_Peoples_of_the_Slave/Ak9M8SXJlekC?hl=en&gbpv=0  

Ellis, Alfred Burdon. The Eʻwe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, &c. United Kingdom, Chapman and Hall, limited, 1890. pp. 55-56. Retrieved from:  https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_E%CA%BBwe_speaking_Peoples_of_the_Slave/Ak9M8SXJlekC?hl=en&gbpv=0; See also: Toudonou, A. S. C., G. A. Mensah, and B. Sinsin. "Les serpents dans l’univers culturel au Bénin." Bulletin de la recherche agronomique du Bénin. N (2004): 23-33

Ellis, Alfred Burdon. The Eʻwe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, &c. United Kingdom, Chapman and Hall, limited, 1890. pp. 54-63. Retrieved from:  https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_E%CA%BBwe_speaking_Peoples_of_the_Slave/Ak9M8SXJlekC?hl=en&gbpv=0

Herskovits, Melville Jean. Dahomey, an Ancient West African Kingdom, Vol. II. United States, Northwestern University Press, 1967. p. 248. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/dahomeyancientwe0000hers/page/248/mode/2up 

For more information about the Haitian lwa Dambala Wèdo and Ezili Freda, see: Hebblethwaite, Benjamin. A Transatlantic History of Haitian Vodou: Rasin Figuier, Rasin Bwa Kayiman, and the Rada and Gede Rites. United States, University Press of Mississippi, 2021.

Machine translation. The original Portuguese is: “...Os patriarcas da família de Dan é o casal Aidóhwedó e Dangbadáhwedó (Dambala). Aidóhwedó seria a serpente arco-íris e Dambala seria seu reflexo nas águas…”; Source: Hùngbónò Charles. “Vodun Dan.” Candomblé O Mundo dos Orixás, 3 Jun. 2011. https://ocandomble.com/2011/06/03/vodun-dan/ 

Anderson, Jeffrey E.. Voodoo: An African American Religion. United States, LSU Press, 2024. 

FWP interview with Mary Washington (“Mary Ellis”), described in: Tallant, Robert. Voodoo in New Orleans. 1946. Reprint, Gretna, La.: United Kingdom, Pelican Publishing Company, 1983; Age and date of birth described in: Long, Carolyn Morrow. A New Orleans voudou priestess: The legend and reality of Marie Laveau. University Press of Florida, 2007.

See: Long, Carolyn Morrow. A New Orleans voudou priestess: The legend and reality of Marie Laveau. University Press of Florida, 2007, p. 162 & 164; Long provides little information about Josephine Jones, beyond her address being ‘1716 St. Philip’. This interview is also described by Robert Tallant, where he describes Jones as “A white woman living in what is called “downtown” New Orleans”. See: Tallant, Robert. Voodoo in New Orleans. 1946. Reprint, Gretna, La.: United Kingdom, Pelican Publishing Company, 1983; Zora Neale Hurston also described Marie Laveau as owning a snake: “[Laveau] is supposed to have been attended by a huge rattlesnake. The morning after her death he was seen crawling away to the woods about Lake Pontchartrain and was never seen again.” See: Hurston, Zora. “Hoodoo in America.” The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 44, no. 174, 1931, pp. 317–417. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/535394. Accessed 29 Nov. 2024.

Teish, Luisah. Jambalaya: The Natural Woman's Book of Personal Charms and Practical Rituals. United States, HarperCollins, 2021. Originally published in 1985.

Teish’s description is similar to Moreau de Saint-Méry’s historic description of colonial Haitian Vodou. Rather than Dan Aidowèdo or Dambada wèdo, he identified this style of serpent worship with Dangbé, the patron deity of the Xwéda people (“les habitans de Juida”): “Il est très-naturel de croire que le Vaudoux doit son origine au culte du serpent, auquel font particulièrement livrés les habitans de Juida, qui le disent originaire du royaume d'Ardra, de la même Côte des Esclaves; & quand on a lu jusqu'à quel point ces Africains poussent la superstition pour cet animal, il est aisé de la reconnaître dans ce que je viens de rapporter (*).” “(*) Les Indiens Malabares adorent aussi la couleuvre qu'ils appelent Nalle Pambon; c'est-à-dire Bonne Couleuvre.” Granted, it is possible that Moreau de Saint-Méry confused Dangbé with Dan Aidowèdo or Vodu Da, a common mistake made by colonists. See: Moreau de Saint-Méry, Mederic Louis Elie. Description topographique, physique, civile, politique et historique de la partie francaise de l'isle Saint Domingue (etc.), Tome I. Philadelphie, 1797. p. 50. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/descriptiontopog00more/page/50/mode/2up:

Machine Translation. The original Portuguese is: “Dan (Serpente) para nós, pertencentes a nação Jeje Mahi, é considerado o  maior Vodun dentro do culto…Dizem os mais antigos que, existem 3 reis e patronos da nação Jeje Mahi: DànGbé (Bessém), Sògbó e Azansú….Dentre esses três reis, se destaca Bessém por ser um dos primeiros deuses a existir e dele tudo nascer…Muitos são os voduns que compõe a família Dan, sendo Bessém  o mais conhecido e louvado, sendo seu nome sinônimo da própria vida. Destacam-se também Frekwén ou Kwénkwén, Ojikún ou Dan Jikún, Bossá ou Bossalabê e seu irmão gêmeo Bosukó, Dan Ikó ou Dankó, Azannadô ou Azoannadô, Bafono Deká dentre outros, cada um com sua particularidade e mitos…”; Source: Hùngbónò Charles. “Vodun Dan.” Candomblé O Mundo dos Orixás, 3 Jun. 2011. https://ocandomble.com/2011/06/03/vodun-dan/ 

Machine Translation. The original Portuguese is: “,,,Sua vestimenta varia conforme vodun, mas sua cor preferida é o branco, por simbolizar a união de todas as cores”; Source: Hùngbónò Charles. “Vodun Dan.” Candomblé O Mundo dos Orixás, 3 Jun. 2011. https://ocandomble.com/2011/06/03/vodun-dan/ 

Owen, Mary Alicia. Voodoo Tales: As Told Among the Negroes of the Southwest. United States, Putnam's Sons, 1893. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Voodoo_Tales/H_kLAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 

Hurston visited Mother Catherine Seal’s Temple of Innocent Blood in 1928, providing the following historic description: "...A place of barbaric splendor, of banners, of embroideries, of images bought and images created by Mother Catherine herself; of an altar glittering with polished brass and kerosene lamps. There are 365 lamps in this building, but not all are upon the main altar. The walls and ceilings are decorated throughout in red, white and blue. The ceiling and floor in the room of the Sacred Heart are striped in three colors and the walls are panelled. The panels contain a snake design. The African loves to depict the grace of reptiles." See: Hurston, Zora Neale. The sanctified church. United States, Turtle Island, 1981. p. 23. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/sanctifiedchurch00hurs/page/22/mode/2up? 

Rigaud, Milo. La tradition voudoo et le voudoo haïtien: son temple, ses mystères, sa magie . FeniXX, 1953. p. 279. Retrieved from: https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00002240/00001/295j  

Herskovits, Melville Jean. Dahomey, an Ancient West African Kingdom, Vol. II. United States, Northwestern University Press, 1967. pp. 248 & 250. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/dahomeyancientwe0000hers/page/248/mode/2up 

See: Tom Oloorê. “Oxumarê | Òṣùmàrè - Orixá da Transformação e Riqueza - EP#180”. YouTube, 10 Oct. 2022.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLvhCRX5Ikk; See also: “Para os iorubás Dan é chamado de Òsúmárè, deixando de exercer função de rei para ser súdito de Xangô (divindade do fogo e trovões)...No Ketu, muitos destes voduns [da familia de Dan] são considerados qualidades de Oxumaré.”. Source: Hùngbónò Charles. “Vodun Dan.” Candomblé O Mundo dos Orixás, 3 Jun. 2011. https://ocandomble.com/2011/06/03/vodun-dan/ 

Machine Translation. The original Portuguese is: “...Essa dualidade não está ligado ao fato de Oxumarê ser bissexual, mas sim conta da origem de seu culto em terras de Dahomé, Mahi, onde o culto é sempre dual, sempre se cultua dois voduns Dan, um macho e uma fêmea… Source: Tom Oloorê. “Oxumarê | Òṣùmàrè - Orixá da Transformação e Riqueza - EP#180”. YouTube, 10 Oct. 2022.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLvhCRX5Ikk. In describing vodun Dan, Hùngbónò Charles also wrties: “...Une o macho e a fêmea, sendo sempre cultuado em casal e recebendo como sacrifícios animais de ambos os sexos. Dizem os mais antigos que serpente nunca anda só, onde uma está a outra está por perto, a espreita…”  Source: Hùngbónò Charles. “Vodun Dan.” Candomblé O Mundo dos Orixás, 3 Jun. 2011. https://ocandomble.com/2011/06/03/vodun-dan/ 

Dan Aidowèdo also has a female counterpart in Ayida Wèdo, who is paired with Dambala Wèdo in Haitian Vodou. In describing Dangbé, Ellis also mentioned: “Dañh-gbi has his special offerings, iron rods bent so as to give the appearance of the serpentine curves or concentric folds of a snake, and a rude, bell-shaped image of iron. These are considered representations of Dañh-gbi, the former representing the male python, and the latter the female, and are constantly to be seen on the shores of lagoons, the banks of streams, or near springs or pools, for the god loves the neighbourhood of water.” Source: Ellis, Alfred Burdon. The Eʻwe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, &c . Chapman and Hall, limited, 1890. pp. 56-57. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_E%CA%BBwe_speaking_Peoples_of_the_Slave/Ak9M8SXJlekC?hl=en&gbpv=0

Owen, Mary Alicia. Voodoo Tales: As Told Among the Negroes of the Southwest. United States, Putnam's Sons, 1893. pp.257-258. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Voodoo_Tales/H_kLAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0  

Schertz, Helen Pitkin. An Angel by Brevet: A Story of Modern New Orleans. United Kingdom, J.B. Lippincott, 1904. p. 196. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Angel_by_Brevet/35PUAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0

Hearn, Lafcadio. Gombo Zhèbes: Little Dictionary of Creole Proverbs, Selected from Six Creole Dialects. New York, Will H. Coleman, 1885. p. 39. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/gombozhbeslittl00heargoog/page/n44/mode/2up 

Herskovits, Melville Jean. Dahomey, an Ancient West African Kingdom, Vol. II. United States, Northwestern University Press, 1967. P. 254. Retrieved from:  https://archive.org/details/dahomeyancientwe0000hers/page/254/mode/2up 

Cable, George W. The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life . United States, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1887. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Grandissimes_A_Story_of_Creole_Life/xuYhgJXZIkUC?hl=en&gbpv=0

Rigaud, Milo. La tradition voudoo et le voudoo haïtien: son temple, ses mystères, sa magie. FeniXX, 1953. p. 422. Retrieved from: https://dloc.com/AA00002240/00001/images/425  

Cable, George W. The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life . United States, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1887. p. 165 https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Grandissimes_A_Story_of_Creole_Life/xuYhgJXZIkUC?hl=en&gbpv=0

Schertz, Helen Pitkin. An Angel by Brevet: A Story of Modern New Orleans. United Kingdom, J.B. Lippincott, 1904. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Angel_by_Brevet/35PUAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0

Herskovits, Melville Jean. Dahomey, an Ancient West African Kingdom, Vol. II. United States, Northwestern University Press, 1967. p. 153. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/dahomeyancientwe0000hers/page/152/mode/2up 

Herskovits, Melville Jean, and Herskovits, Frances Shapiro. Dahomean Narrative: A Cross-cultural Analysis. United States, Northwestern University Press, 1970. Originally printed in 1958. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/dahomeannarrativ0000hers/page/n7/mode/2up 

Several of the lwa listed in the back of the book have names that begin with “Chal” “Jan” or “Dambala”. Beauvoir classifies the lwa whose names begin with “Dambala” under the famille (fanmi) Dangbesi: Beauvoir, Max G. 2008. Lapriyè Ginen. Port-au-Prince: Edisyon Près Nasyonal d’Ayiti.

FROM:Marcelin, Milo. Mythologie vodou (rite arada). Vol. 1. Éditions haïtiennes, 1949. p. 57 “Damballah Oueddo est figuré aussi sous les traits d'un blanc à longue barbe blanche. Beaucoup de fidèles l'identifient à St. Patrick (ou St. Patrice) représenté dans les chromos catholiques avec deux serpents sous ses pieds et deux autres à còté. Pour d'autres il n'est pas St. Patrick qui, selon eux, serait son fils, Odan Damballah Oueddo. Ils l’identifient à Saint Moïse, sauvé des eaux, car disent-ils, Damballah bégaie comme lui. Un houngan (prètre du Vodou), consulté à ce sujet, m'a affirmé que Damballah Oueddo, loa Rada, est Saint Moïse et Damballah La-flambeau, appelé aussi Saint-blanc, loa Pétro, St. Patrick.”

FROM: Daniels, Kyrah Malika. "An Assembly of Twenty-One Spirit Nations: The Pan-African Pantheon of Haitian Vodou's African Lwa". In Adeleke, T., & Sonderegger, A. (Eds.). (2023). Africa and its historical and contemporary diasporas. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, p. 82. “I assert that the clue to uncovering Èzili’s African origins lies in her association with fresh waters. More recently, some scholars have linked the refined Haitian lwa Èzili with the Dahomean river vodún Aziri (Thompson 1983, 167; Rush 2010, 66). Even earlier sources indicate veneration of an aquatic vodún named for the Benin Lake Azili (Paul 1962, 273; Montilus 1981, 77) or Àzlì (Hebblethwaite 2015, 72). Curiously, the vodún Azili was masculine (Montilus 1981, 77) but became feminized as the queenly Èzili in Haiti, perhaps due to female spirits’ connection to fresh waters. Indeed, the feminine aquatic spirit Azili is still revered in Candomblé Jéjé houses today. Further, I suggest that Azili/Èzili’s connection to Benin’s Lake Azili may have been recalled in Haiti’s Lake Azuéi, a saltwater and freshwater lake on the Dominican border. (Other scholars suggest that Èzili Freda comes from Frieda/Frida, another possible name for Benin’s city of Ouidah/Whydah [Paul 1962, 273; Hebblethwaite 2012, 234]). Finally, the Haitian lwa’s manifestation as Èzili Freda Dahomey removes any doubt as to her Dahomean origins. These Hispaniolan spirits of Agwe, LaSirènn, and Èzili all possess deep roots as Dahomean/Rada spirits, and it is through aquatic passageways that their legacies are remembered in Haiti.”

FROM: Sogbossi, Hippolyte Brice. "The sacred in Cuba, Haiti, Brazil and Benin Republic: aspects of a linguistic and cultural dialogue." Studia Religiologica. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego 51.3 (2018): 179-193. “...Ezili (Azili) ‘the deity of sensuality, a kind of Ochun;...”

FROM: Marcelin, Milo. Mythologie vodou (rite arada). Vol. 1. Éditions haïtiennes, 1949. p. 78: “Nombreux sont ses amants. Ses favoris sont: Damballah Oueddo, dieu-couleuvre, Agoué T'Arroyo, dieu des mers, Ogou Badagris et Ogou Ferraille, dieux de la guerre. On dit ordinairement que Maitresse Ezili est la matelote (femme ayant le mème mari) de Ayida Oueddo, déesse de l'arc-en-ciel, et que, parfois, elles se disputent.”

[chasenews]

UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Angélique Kidjo celebrates resilience of girls and young people during visit to Benin

UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Angélique Kidjo celebrates resilience of girls and young people during visit to Benin

UNICEF/UN0753445/FollyUNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Angélique Kidjo visits the Centre de Nutrition Therapeutique (Centre for Therapeutic Nutrition) in Benin  UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Angélique Kidjo returned to her home country Bénin last week to meet children and young people impacted by the spillover of violence from the Sahel crisis, and climate change in the region.   The deteriorating…

[tessacolasworld]

Amarachi is at it again ooo you people come see oooh mmmm.. Lockdown mother & daughter. Wait for the 2nd half tomorrow Monday 27th. #facebook #tiktoknig #acting #love @capricornempire22 .. .. .. .. #ibadanweddings #abujaweddings #abia #owerrimua #lagosnigeria🇳🇬 #tiktok #bénin #lagosisland #fashion #church #asoebi #asorock #usa🇺🇸 #eroupe #governmentconspiracy #governmentcorruption #nollywood #portraitphotography #porthacourt #tundeednut #UltimateLoveNG #Iykeresa  #Nigeria #ibadan #canada #southafrican https://www.instagram.com/p/B_dOFhApGQN/?igshid=7061b1x1lrmz

[belifii]

Scandale Dubaï Porta Potty – Les confessions d’Eudoxie Yao : « Ils sont en train de partager mes photos, mes vidéos… ». C’est une affaire qui a fini de secouer les réseaux sociaux et l’influenceuse n’est visiblement pas épargnée. Depuis l’éclatement de ce scandale, des photos d’Eudoxie Yao, prises à Dubaï, circulent sur la toile. ,Eudoxie Yao,PEOPLE , BUZZ,Scandale Dubaï Porta Potty ,Scandale ,Dubaï Porta Potty , confessions ,Eudoxie Yao ,photos,mes vidéos, Eudoxie Yao confesse : « Ils sont en train de partager mes photos, mes vidéos… » [caption id="attachment_305318" align="alignnone" width="1200"] eudoxie-yao[/caption] [caption id="attachment_305312" align="alignnone" width="1200"] dubai porty poty[/caption] Ainsi, l’artiste ivoirienne a, à travers une vidéo rendue publique, essayé de se savonner. Voici l’intégralité de sa déclaration ! Sélectionné pour vous  Affaire porta potty : « C’est un choix de vie », le témoignage de cette fille choque la toile « Je suis artiste chanteuse. J’ai plus de 7 chansons. Quand je voyage dans des pays c’est pour des prestations. Je fais toujours guichet fermé partout. Mes vidéos de Dubaï pour dire je suis dedans [caption id="attachment_305311" align="alignnone" width="1200"] Dubaï Porta Potty voici la liste des filles françaises (photo)[/caption] [caption id="attachment_305298" align="alignnone" width="1200"] Dubai-Porta-Potty-3[/caption] [caption id="attachment_305301" align="alignnone" width="1200"] Dubai-Porta-potty-La-liste-par-pays-impliqes-enfin-devoilee-1[/caption] Ce qui se passe m’a surpris. Je ne savais pas qu’on mangeait les cac*s. Je ne savais pas que ça existait. Les gens racontent ce qu’ils veulent. C’est leur problème. Moi je m’en moque. Ils sont en train de partager mes photos, mes vidéos de Dubaï pour dire je suis dedans, ça me fait rire. Moi je n’es rien à me reprocher. Je sais que je ne ferai jamais une telle chose. J’ai des limites dans ma vie. Dire que je mange cac* hannnn,. Ça va loin vos amusement. » A lire aussi Eliminatoires CAN 2023 : Sénégal, Bénin, Mozambique et Rwanda dans le groupe L

[isispoet-blog]

Honoured to spend time with the wonderful Pere et Mère Jah at their most excellent ecological home in the forest just outside Ouidah this afternoon and to be with some other Blessed people. The family were the first to rematriate to Benin about 25 years ago from Guadeloupe. They are pioneers and Shing examples to@our Afrikan community ASE OOO #ouidah #benin #bénin #afrika #westafrica #ecology #vegan #veganlife #sustainableliving #rastafari (at Ouidah, Benin) https://www.instagram.com/p/CZDA0R0IA_y/?utm_medium=tumblr

[think7stars]

La Porte du Non-Retour (The Door of No Return) Africa’s only ‘Door of Return’ is an emblem of the African Renaissance, a Pan-African initiative, and a destination of profound significance in the re-unification of Africa and her Diaspora. As every home must have a Door by which to return, the first objective of the Door of Return is to properly welcome back the children of Africa who were brutally ripped away from their homeland. The erection of this Door of Return monument will not only welcome the diaspora home but is also a symbol for ALL people of different cultures and nationalities to connect with their spiritual origin. This monument is also accompanied by the Door of Return Museum, and the Tree of Remembrance. The First and Only Door of Return was constructed by King Meto Ahoussan IX in the 1990’s on the shores of Ouidah, Bénin. His Majesty and the Kings who preceded him have always maintained a clear mission to bring back the sons and daughters of Africa that were ripped away by European colonizers and restore them to their rightful stature. (at Door of No Return) https://www.instagram.com/p/CX4MvcRPauCduCmYzGFJ0r2uJFIhYw4KYLdsg00/?utm_medium=tumblr