#Patent Agent in Texas

[patentagency]

Patent Agents in Texas: Expert Support for Your Intellectual Property Needs

In today’s fast-paced, innovation-driven world, protecting your intellectual property (IP) is essential. Whether you’re an entrepreneur, an inventor, or a business owner, securing a patent ensures your groundbreaking ideas remain exclusively yours. For individuals and businesses in Texas, working with a qualified patent agent can streamline the patent process while offering valuable technical expertise. This blog explores the role of patent agents in Texas, their benefits, and why the Affordable Patent Agency is your ideal partner in Texas.

What is a Patent Agent?

A patent agent is a professional licensed by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to prepare, file, and prosecute patent applications. While they cannot represent clients in court like patent attorneys, their technical knowledge and expertise in patent law make them indispensable for securing patent protection.

Patent agents specialize in handling the complexities of the patent process, including conducting patent searches, drafting applications, and responding to USPTO office actions. Their focus on the technical and legal aspects of patents ensures your invention is thoroughly protected.

The Role of a Patent Agent

Patent agents play a crucial role in the journey of securing a patent. Here are the primary services they provide:

Patent Searches

Conduct comprehensive searches to determine the patentability of your invention.

Identify prior art to assess the uniqueness and non-obviousness of your idea.

Patent Application Drafting

Prepare precise and detailed patent applications, including descriptions, claims, and drawings.

Ensure compliance with USPTO standards for a higher chance of approval.

Patent Prosecution

Handle responses to USPTO office actions, addressing objections or rejections.

Amend applications as needed to meet USPTO requirements.

Strategic Advice

Guide inventors on whether to file provisional or non-provisional patents.

Offer recommendations for international patent protection.

Benefits of Hiring a Patent Agent in Texas

Working with a patent agent offers several advantages, especially for innovators in Texas:

1. Technical Expertise

Patent agents often have backgrounds in science, engineering, or technology, enabling them to understand and accurately describe complex inventions. This technical insight ensures your invention is well-articulated and meets patent standards.

2. Cost-Effective Services

Patent agents typically charge lower fees than patent attorneys, making them a more affordable option for inventors and small businesses. They provide excellent value for straightforward patent applications.

3. Personalized Support

Hiring a local patent agent in Texas ensures personalized service tailored to the specific needs of inventors and businesses in the region. Their understanding of local industries further enhances their ability to protect your innovations effectively.

4. Streamlined Patent Process

With their focused expertise, patent agents can navigate the complexities of the patent process efficiently, saving you time and effort while maximizing your chances of success.

Why Choose an Affordable Patent Agency?

The Affordable Patent Agency is dedicated to helping inventors and businesses in Texas protect their intellectual property with cost-effective and high-quality services. Here’s why we’re the right choice:

Comprehensive Services

We provide end-to-end patent support, including:

Conducting thorough patent searches and evaluations.

Drafting precise and detailed patent applications.

Managing patent prosecution and responding to USPTO office actions.

Offering strategic advice on protecting your inventions locally and globally.

Experienced Professionals

Our team includes experienced patent agents with technical expertise across various industries. We understand the unique challenges faced by innovators and offer tailored solutions to address them.

Affordable Solutions

We prioritize affordability without compromising quality. Our cost-effective services make it easier for startups, small businesses, and independent inventors to secure patent protection.

Client-Centric Approach

At the Affordable Patent Agency, we believe in building lasting relationships with our clients. Our personalized support ensures that your patent journey is seamless and successful.

How to Find the Right Patent Agent in Texas

Finding the right patent agent is essential for ensuring a smooth and successful patent application process. Here are some tips to guide your search:

Research Online

Look for licensed patent agents in Texas with strong client reviews and a solid track record.

Evaluate Experience

Choose a patent agent with experience in your specific industry or technology area.

Check Credentials

Verify that the agent is licensed by the USPTO and has a proven history of successful patents.

Schedule Consultations

Many patent agents offer initial consultations. Use this opportunity to discuss your needs and assess their expertise.

Conclusion

Securing a patent is a critical step in protecting your intellectual property and maintaining a competitive edge. For inventors and businesses in Texas, hiring a qualified patent agent can simplify the process and provide valuable technical expertise.

At the Affordable Patent Agency, we’re committed to helping you navigate the patent process with confidence. Our experienced patent agents, cost-effective solutions, and personalized support ensure your innovations are protected every step of the way.

Don’t leave your intellectual property to chance. Contact Affordable Patent Agency today and let us help you turn your ideas into secured assets for the future.

[handeaux]

Byron H. Robb’s Pertinacious Gall Got Him Evicted From Cincinnati And Honored In Texas

In the long and sordid roster of Queen City scalawags, Byron H. Robb holds a prominent place. He was delightfully incorrigible, congenitally incapable of telling the truth and absolutely unrepentant when exposed.

Robb fabricated so consistently that it is often difficult to separate any facts from the overwhelming flood of mendacity in his wake. It appears that he was born around 1836 in or near Parkman, Ohio, a tiny hamlet east of Cleveland and northwest of Youngstown. His parents named him Harvey, but he found that name uninspiring and relegated it to a middle initial. He began calling himself Byron, after the British poet.

At the age of 19, Robb launched a lifelong career as a bamboozler, selling a concoction guaranteed to produce luscious curls when applied to the scalp. At least one unfortunate customer went totally bald when she saturated her hair with the stuff. He got into the oil business by purchasing a dry well, then pouring oil stolen from nearby tanks into it. He then fobbed the now “productive” rig onto some credulous farmer. During the Civil War, Robb raised a cavalry company he dubbed the “Geauga Rangers” and offered it for service, claiming the rank of lieutenant on the basis of his own fabricated experience as a Texas Ranger. The United States Army wasn’t that desperate.

Among Robb’s myriad victims was Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” Mrs. Stowe ordered some “mammoth gourd seeds” from Robb to plant at her winter home in Florida. Robb claimed these seeds yielded gigantic gourds that could be used as washtubs. When her first shipment failed to sprout, Mrs. Stowe ordered another, and sent a letter inquiring what she had done wrong!

At various times, Robb popped up in St. Louis, New Orleans and a number of other locales, usually one step ahead of the law. When the constabulary sniffed too close to his fraudulent enterprises, Robb would “rent” another man’s name and resume business under that appellation until the coast was clear. During the 1860s, Robb paid a gardener named William Chappell $25 annually so he could advertise yet another hair tonic under the “Chappell’s Hyperion” brand.

It was reported that Robb dumped his first wife by encouraging her interest in another man. Robb sent her to Indiana to secure a divorce while he romanced an employee who would become the second Mrs. Robb.

Around 1875, Robb rented a house in Bellevue, Kentucky, establishing his business offices in Cincinnati. Entries in the city directories for the next half-dozen years indicate the constant churn of his schemes. At first, he listed himself as a “general agent,” which covered a multitude of sins. Next, he became the proprietor of the Monitor Manufacturing Company, then manager of the Monitor Lamp & Glass Works, and then President of the American and European Secret Service Company, then manager of the Electro Magnetic Hair and Flesh Brush Company.

Interestingly, at least two of these companies had some basis in actual inventions patented by Robb. In 1877, Robb was awarded a patent for a device that extinguished a kerosene lamp if it was knocked over. In 1879 and 1880, he earned patents for “galvanic” hairbrushes. Unfortunately, Robb preferred fraud to manufacturing. People who ordered his lamps often got nothing at all, while customers of his galvanic brushes received nothing but a cheap comb with a bit of copper wire wrapped around it.

It was his “Secret Service” company that achieved the pinnacle of Robb’s infamy. The American and European Secret Service Company placed hundreds of advertisements throughout the United States, offering to enlist any correspondent as a bona-fide detective, complete with a frameable certificate and a shiny new badge for the low, low price of only $3.60. After paying this fee, applicants were advised to keep their day jobs in order to remain undercover until an assignment came up. Young men throughout the country signed up in abundance – many of them career criminals who believed that an appointment as a detective offered a credible alibi. There are reports of bushels of mail arriving every day at Robb’s Fifth Street office, half containing money orders for $3.60 and half containing dunning letters from newspapers that were never paid for running Robb’s advertisements.

Eventually the postal inspectors caught up with Robb and he was subpoenaed to court. Robb procured the cream of the Cincinnati bar for his defense, including Stanley Matthews, later appointed to the United States Supreme Court, and George Hoadly, later elected governor of Ohio. His lawyers reviewed the evidence collected by the Post Office and informed Robb that he was undoubtedly going to lose the case. His best option was to plead guilty and throw himself on the mercy of the court.

Robb responded by firing his crack legal team. He then sent telegrams to a dozen or so of his “detectives,” directing them to take the next train westward, to proceed to some remote location and to apprehend a red-headed, one-eyed man missing one finger and walking with a limp. The young operatives, delighted to finally be on assignment, followed orders and reported back that no such man could be found. Robb thanked them for their diligence, paid their salary and expenses and told his proteges to await their next assignment.

In court, Robb produced several of these young men as witnesses. They testified under oath that they had applied to the Secret Service Company, paid the initiation fee, received their badge and certificate, and had received an assignment from Robb and had been paid for it. The Post Office case crumbled. No matter they could prove nothing in court, the United States Postmaster announced in 1880 that nine Cincinnati companies controlled by Robb were prohibited from using the postal service in any manner.

Byron H. Robb responded to this temporary setback with his usual flair. First, he went to court and had his name legally changed to Byron H. Van Raub, claiming it was the ancestral version of the family surname. Then he relocated to Texas and acquired some property he claimed was the famous Don Carlos Ranch, which it was not, and then got into the Shetland Pony business, and then the cowboy school business, and then the bloodhound dog business, and then the Buff Leghorn egg business and then the milch goat business. And he had the nearest Bexar County railroad whistle stop renamed Van Raub, after himself.

Every time Robb, or Van Raub, embarked on some new scam, newspapers around the country published scathing exposés of his extensive rap sheet. Newspaper owners were delighted to attack him because the one constant in Robb’s career was his reluctance to pay for advertising. Still, there was always someone willing to believe his folderol. One newspaper, reporting that Van Raub was seeking young men willing to become cowboys (and willing to send him $5.00 for particulars – sound familiar?) claimed he was a retired Prussian cavalry officer who insisted on stern discipline. When Robb died in 1913, the obituaries included some highly unlikely embellishments such as selling Shetland ponies to European nobility.

Amazingly, Robb’s bullshit endures to this very day. Out where Van Raub, Texas, once existed – by the 1920s, his namesake was nothing more than a ghost town – there is an official historic marker that reads in part:

“This community, named after Byron Van Raub, an English gentlemen rancher, was established along the route of the Kerrville Branch. It is said that this successful gentleman rancher developed the first dude ranch in Texas as a means to train fellow Englishman in the rigors of creating successful Texas ranching operations.”

The shifty little shyster from rural Ohio got himself memorialized as an English gentleman, capping a positively breathtaking life of unrelenting chutzpah.

[mostlysignssomeportents]

This day in history

I'm on tour with my new novel The Bezzle! Catch me TONIGHT in LA (Saturday night, with Adam Conover), Seattle (Monday, with Neal Stephenson), then Portland, Phoenix and more!

#20yrsago How to get an agent http://nielsenhayden.com/makinglight/archives/004772.html#004772

#20yrsago Capitol Records ships threatening Grey Tuesday letter https://web.archive.org/web/20040224163515/http://downhillbattle.org/grey/emi_cd_letter.html<?a>

#10yrsago More Escher tessellated cookies https://www.flickr.com/photos/fdecomite/12707039483/

#5yrsago Mobile apps built with Facebook’s SDK secretly shovel mountains of personal information into the Zuckermouth https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/22/facebook-receives-personal-health-data-from-apps-wsj.html

#5yrsago Fast food executive complains that social media inflates young people’s “self-importance,” killing their willingness to work for free https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/careers/muffin-break-boss-fury-over-youth-who-wont-work-unpaid/news-story/57607ea9a1bbe52ba7746cff031306f2

#5yrsago Small business in Wisconsin cancels its unusably bad internet service from Frontier; Frontier demands $4,300 cancellation fee https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/02/frontier-demands-4300-cancellation-fee-despite-horribly-slow-internet/

#5yrsago Insider sources say Apple is shutting its east Texas stores to escape the jurisdiction of America’s worst patent court https://www.macrumors.com/2019/02/22/apple-closing-stores-in-eastern-district-texas/

#1yrsago Fighting the privacy wars, state by state https://pluralistic.net/2023/02/23/state-of-play/#patchwork

[mightyflamethrower]

FBI agents have arrested a Texas man on charges that he and six other men gang-raped two toddlers in the restroom at Houston's Galleria shopping mall and posted a video of the assault online. Hector Fernandez, 29, who worked at a kiosk in the Galleria, has been arrested on federal charges of sexual exploitation of children. He faces up to life in prison, and a federal magistrate has ordered him held without bond.

The case originated with the discovery by the Australian Centre to Counter Child Exploitation of four videos in “a private, by invitation only, forum on the dark web.” 

The FBI was consulted and, using image mapping software that searches social media accounts, was able to identify a child who looked like one of the two two-year-old victims in the video. A relative of the child who had posted the image on social media identified a "sanitized' image of the child from the videos. As a bonus, the relative also identified one of the men in the video.

Fernandez previously worked at a store in the Galleria that has since shut down, according to the complaint. Both children seen in the videos, ages 2 to 3, were related to women who also worked at the mall, the complaint said. The Houston Chronicle is not naming the stores or the women to avoid releasing identifiable information about the children.  The women sometimes took the children to their workplaces at the mall when they couldn’t afford or find child care, the complaint said. Both women considered Fernandez their friend and previously had allowed him to take the children around the mall while they were busy working, according to the complaint.  ... Fernandez was identified by two distinctive silver bracelets worn by a man present in three of the videos, according to the complaint. Both women identified the bracelets as belonging to Fernandez, and investigators found photo evidence on Fernandez’s social media accounts that also showed him wearing the bracelets, the complaint said. Authorities are unsure when the videos were taken. One woman told investigators that Fernandez walked her relative around the mall once in December 2022 and took the child trick-or-treating without her present in October. The other woman said Fernandez took her relative around the mall once this summer.

I'm not going to make public judgments about Fernandez or his lifestyle based on his Instagram account, but YMMV. (If you won't pass judgement over something as disgusting and vile as this what would you pass judgement over.)

This kind of stuff is becoming more and more common. There is an obvious parallel between Fernandez and six of his "besties" raping toddlers and another case in Atlanta that seems to have vanished from sight.

In my view, several things are driving this phenomenon.

Much of this could not happen without social media. It lets these people search out others with common interests. It lets them share videos and what I'd call "tactics, techniques, and procedures." While pedophiles may be the leading edge, I'm positive that right now, there is a similar “private, by invitation only, forum on the dark web” catering to serial killers.

Second, there is a reluctance by society to recognize that evil exists. Real evil. It is not a lack of impulse control or a personality disorder; we are seeing actual, garden-variety evil. Some people can't be deterred and can't be rehabilitated. We've become too "modern" to accept the presence of supernatural forces. Even Christians, whose entire religion is based on the supernatural, are left trying to find psychobabble explanations for what are patently and obviously evil actions.

Finally, much of society is reluctant to make judgments that would open them to accusations of bigotry. Would I have let @allegedly_hector have one-on-one access with my two-year-old, no matter how many rainbows were in his Instagram profile? No. Because any unrelated male acquaintance who wants to babysit a two-year-old is going to make my pedo-antenna start pinging. Maybe some related ones will trip the alarm, too.

As a side note, in May, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signed into law a bill extending the death penalty to child rapists. This is a direct test of the 2008 Supreme Court decision in Kennedy vs. Louisiana that barred the death penalty for child rape. That court majority (Kennedy, joined by Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer) is gone, and the dissenters remain (Alito, joined by Roberts, Scalia, and Thomas) and have allies.

I'm not idealistic enough to believe these people can be deterred, but I think it is important that society express its disgust in a way that can't be mistaken.

Romans 1:26-27 The Message (MSG)

Worse followed. Refusing to know God, they soon didn’t know how to be human either—women didn’t know how to be women, men didn’t know how to be men. Sexually confused, they abused and defiled one another, women with women, men with men—all lust, no love. And then they paid for it, oh, how they paid for it—emptied of God and love, godless and loveless wretches.

[brookstonalmanac]

Beer Events 2.4

Events

2nd U.S. Brewers Association convention held; John Bechtel elected president (1863)

John Oesteeling patented a Design for Beer-Mugs (1873)

Hemrich Brothers Brewing incorporated (Washington; 1899)

Max Henius patented Brew-House Equipment (1908)

Louis Popky patented a Beverage Cooling Apparatus (1941)

Baltimore's American Brewing Co. bought Pittsburgh's Fort Pitt Brewing (1960)

Michael Pinnegar patented a Continuous Beer Making Process Wherein the Wort and Yeast are Separated by a Porous Partition (1969)

S.S. Steiner patented Hops-Derived Foam Stabilizing and Bitter Agents (1993) 

White Labs introduced its 1st Belgian yeast, a Trappist ale yeast (1996)

Anheuser-Busch bought Blue Point Brewing (2014)

German priest Michael Fey modified a washing machine to create an automatic brewing machine (2003)

Facebook debuted online (2004)

Breweries Opened

Cafe on the Square & Brewpub (Texas; 1995)

Thirsty Dog Brewing (Ohio; 1997)

[complexion-me]

Interview : Dr. Valerie Hanft on A02 Clear

Valerie Hanft, MD, has practised general medical and paediatric dermatology for 20 years. She has served on the FDA Task Force, participated in many clinical trials, and authored multiple peer-reviewed publications. Dr. Hanft has been consistently chosen as a Texas Top Doctor and included in Austin Monthly’s Top Doctor list in dermatology. She has also volunteered on medical missions to Haiti, where she provided care in rural clinics and area hospitals. We spoke to her about a new game changing product called A02 Clear.

1) Hi Dr Valerie, could you tell us more about how you came across A02 Clear.

A mutual acquaintance introduced me to Zvi Yaniv, the physicist who patented the oxygen nanobubble technology. At that time, he had developed a formulation to treat peripheral neuropathy. He consulted me inquiring about potential  applications in dermatology.

2) There’s really no other product like this in the market. How does it actually work on acne?

The bacteria that causes pimples, Cutibacteria acnes, is anaerobic. This means it thrives in an environment like the skin pores where there is lack of oxygen. By flooding the pores with oxygen nanobubbles, AO2 Clear is a natural antibacterial agent. Clogged pores occur as a result of excess sebum (oil) production and improper turnover of the lining of the skin pore. This process is also perpetuated by a low oxygen state. Thus, AO2 Clear not only targets the bacterial source of acne, but also the blackheads and whiteheads that accompany the pimples.

3) How do you recommend patients use it?

I recommend people use a gentle cleanser then pat the skin dry. Apply AO2 Clear with the included compostable sponges with a gentle exfoliating motion then allow the skin to air dry. Best results are achieved when using the product twice daily.

4) Can the product be used alongside other topicals like tretinoin and spot treatments (benzoyl peroxide or clindamycin)?

As long as users allow their skin to air dry after using AO2 Clear, they can use all the products they normally would use in their daily regimen. Many users have reported replacing their toner with AO2 Clear which is not drying like most toners. This creates a nice clean skin canvas before applying other products.

5) I’ve heard this also helps speed post-procedure healing. Could you tell us more about how this works?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a well-accepted treatment for wound healing. Oxygen at a high pressure gradient will move into tissues where the oxygen pressure is lower. For chronic wounds, oxygen has antiinflammatory effects, leads to improved blood flow, and increases collagen production by fibroblasts. AO2 Clear uses the same principles as hyperbaric oxygen therapy to accelerate skin healing whether this is post-procedure (after laser resurfacing or chemical peels, for example) or in the setting of irritating topical treatments as seen with retinoid use.

6) Are there any contraindications for using this?

There are no contraindications for AO2 Clear! Women who are pregnant, nursing, or trying to conceive can safely use this product. It can be used alone or in conjunction with any other treatment. Even people with very sensitive skin can use AO2 Clear as it contains no chemicals that could cause irritation. https://ao2clear.com/

[zooterchet]

Hiring Officers' Fates

Raven “Silver” Laventi: Theft of semenal discharge, after confirming unit inspection at UMass-Amherst, September of 2003.  Daughter found dancing at Texas strip club, far too young.  Ordered seized, through Inspector Ben Carl, INTERPOL, orders given by father to place in orphanage in Dublin, spies international Catholic recruiting center.  Daughter selected, on her own, Gorbachev’s intelligence recruiter, found to be draft dodging, having recruited nobody since the 1980s.  Personally mentored, by father, on camwhore sites, to kill supermodel serving Ukrainians, with forward air control strike.  Top UFO commander, to this day, and hopefully, far in the future.

Sandi “Khelkhet” MacDonald: Recruited into online bondage, after having mimicked “Free Money”, by Charlie Sheen, unaware to this day of the rare classic film, starring Marlon Brando, an international dominatrix guild favorite.  Now married, to Greek intelligence, opposition to Golden Dawn movement, as encouraging lira market, for AA and RIN, falsely labeled Irish, actually Lutheran German, a protected people, if reciting prayers, to cause a “chaos theory” phobic theory suicide through Antiquarians and Gaelics, if placed in rehabilitation, first time, first kill.  Reformed labor rates, for delivery drivers, but not waiters and waitresses, “skells”, a former coffee server, at Howard Johnson’s, in Canada, before making her NSA blues, with Ben “Chrissem” Brown’s recruitment and bust into Canadian Forestry Services, the basis of the Simon Pegg film, featuring a town full of serial killers (retired MI-6).

Cassie “Ass” Stock: Died after nine hours of fingerbanging, on Wild Turkey.  She went to heaven, having finally been informed, by Jenna Williamson, of her long sought lover’s fetish, Dave Charlebois; a fan of The Flash, seeing him as Turtle, the supervillain sports booster, a little man in a Kevlar suit in the sewer, arranging crimes around Opal City, to confuse The Flash (Matthew Lennox), by attempting to assist him, however robbing banks (making a lot of money), confusing Matt Lennox, an amphetamine addict through illegal purchase (the Lincoln family, banned from power, under Resource Economics academy code, invented by John Wilkes Booth, later married into the New England Charlebois line; Lincoln, took Booth’s advice, but the wrong way, and attempted to buy the black people, Reparations, passed to Germany by the Lennox family’s future bride, Joanne MacShahon’s family, to Hitler, the Marshall Plan, to purchase Britain).  Many Bond novels have been made.  The Charlebois family’s cousins, the Whiskers, were involved in the Potato Famine, prior to marriage, to purchase Ireland.  The basis of Resident Evil, the films, comics, and video games.

Courtney “Atara” Workman: Became Atlanta dominatrix, police unit, and professional porn producer, “Pimpstress Mistress Thick”, from confidence from online bondage relationship, part Brahmin, part Cherokee, part French, part Yorubian, a Cameroon resident part time, and a full time endorsement of Bitcoins, through Mexico City’s intelligence unit; a Chas T. Main hire, for video game theory, having introduced Mexican Intelligence, to “Assassin’s Creed”, ancestor of Mike Charlebois, Tanacharison, the first Knights Templar on United States soil, agent of Russia; opposing conscription of soldiers by Canada, draft boards, in British towns, always tricked and trapped, by United States soldiers, the foreign language requirement, to turn draft officers, into pedophiles, for Steve Charlebois’s patented trick, “Leonard Lawrence”, from James Bond 007, Gomer Pyle, US Navy draft.  Held sacred, in the FBI, to this day.

[stupittmoran]

You know shits getting bad when even CNN calls Creepy pedo Joe a liar! ���🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤡

[cryptomining65-blog]

Agere - The Name You Can Trust for Integrated Circuit Parts

History of Agere Airplane Parts:

Agere was established on August 1, 2000 as an auxiliary of Bright Advances. The organization spun off on June 1, 2002. Agere was an integrated circuit parts organization. The organization's central command was in Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA, yet additionally kept up workplaces in Dallas, Texas, Whitefield, India, Raannana, China, and Nieuwaegein, Netherlands. Anyway Agere was converged with LSI Company in 2007. At the point when the organization was ready to go, Richard L. Clemmer was the president and Chief. The primary items Agere Frameworks created were integrated circuits. Prior to the converging of the two organizations, Agere and LSI Company, Agere documented a claim against Microsoft. Agere asserted that Microsoft built up its improvement of the sound of calls made over the Web and through gathering calling frameworks on Agere's thoughts. Agere sued Microsoft for supposed patent infringement and for vague harms.

About Agere Airplane Parts and Its Item Range:

LSI Company reported that it would converge with Agere Frameworks on April 2, 2007. The converging of the two organizations would join two of the main trend-setters in silicon-to-frameworks arrangements. With the combining, LSI Partnership would be a capacity frameworks pioneer with an unrivaled development pipeline and an expansive cluster of serious, client esteemed items and arrangements in developing business sectors. Today LSI offers answers for the accompanying business sectors hyper scale datacenters, undertaking, little and medium organizations, customer blaze and portable organizations. They additionally serve the accompanying application large information, virtualization, data set, and money related IT. They plan semiconductors and programming that quickens capacity and systems administration in datacenter, portable organizations and customer figuring. LSI was established in 1981 and as of now has around 5,000 representatives. The incomes for 2012 were 2.51 billion dollars and are pleased to state that they are sans obligation. The current president and Chief is Abhi Talwalkar. LSI Organization is an overall organization that covers the accompanying locales overall North America, China, Europe, Center East and Africa, India, and Japan.

The item portions of the organization incorporate the accompanying: worker stockpiling, streak stockpiling, hard circle drives, versatile organizations, and venture and datacenter networks. The worker stockpiling section of the organization incorporates the accompanying sub-fragments: syncro shared DAS stockpiling, Assault regulators, and host transport connectors, Attack on Chip ICs (ROCs), stockpiling I/0 regulators (IOCs), SAS Expanders and SAS switch. The glimmer stockpiling section of the organization incorporates sand power streak regulators and nitro streak quickening agent cards. The hard circle drive fragment incorporates hard plate drive SoCs and pre-intensifiers. The versatile organization section incorporates: axxia portable correspondence processors, custom silicon (ASIC), multiservice processors, and media processors. find more info Antminer S19 Pro 110TH/s

The endeavor and datacenter networks incorporates: axxia venture correspondence processors, custom silicon, axxia network quickening agent cards, substance and security processors, and individual availability. Perhaps the most recent declaration of new items was the LSI Nytro XD Application Stockpiling Arrangement offers integrated help for VMware virtualization programming. The manner in which the clients profit by the new programming incorporates: practical speeding up of existing SAN, DAS and NAS stockpiling through computerized and insightful reserving of hot information to PCIe streak stockpiling, up to 3x more prominent VM thickness, that takes into consideration worker solidification, lessens rack space necessities and lower force, cooling and authorizing costs, improved central processor power usage, empowering inactive CPUSs to help extra business applications. The new glimmer stockpiling at last gives its clients practical for improving application execution. 

You can peruse on web for driving merchant of a wide range of Agere Airplane parts from a far reaching rundown of producers. On this locales where you can get level 1 valuing from producers which pass chosen reserve funds to you.

I have a wide encounter as a buying advisor for Flying and Airplane Industry. In this article I share my experience and information to assist you with picking the Best Agere Avionics Parts wholesaler and discover Airplane parts on the web.

[the-marx-brothers-will-live-on]

Herbert Manfred "Zeppo" Marx (February 25, 1901 – November 30, 1979) was an American actor, comedian, theatrical agent, and engineer. He was the youngest of the five Marx Brothers and also the last to die. He appeared in the first five Marx Brothers feature films, from 1929 to 1933, but then left the act to start his second career as an engineer and theatrical agent.

Zeppo was born in Manhattan, New York City, on February 25, 1901. His parents were Sam Marx (called "Frenchie" throughout his life), and his wife, Minnie Schönberg Marx. Minnie's brother was Al Shean, who later gained fame as half of the vaudeville team Gallagher and Shean. Marx's family was Jewish. His mother was from East Frisia in Germany; and his father was a native of France, and worked as a tailor.

As with all of the Marx Brothers, different theories exist as to where Zeppo got his stage name: Groucho said in his Carnegie Hall concert in 1972 that the name was derived from the Zeppelin airship. Zeppo's ex-wife Barbara Sinatra repeated this in her 2011 book, Lady Blue Eyes: My Life with Frank. His brother Harpo offered a different account in his 1961 autobiography, Harpo Speaks!, claiming (p. 130) that there was a popular trained chimpanzee named Mr. Zippo, and that "Herbie" was tagged with the name "Zippo" because he liked to do chinups and acrobatics, as the chimp did in its act. The youngest brother objected to this nickname, and it was altered to "Zeppo". Another version of this story was that his name was changed to "Zeppo" in honor of the then popular "Zepplin". In a much later TV interview, Zeppo said that Zep is Italian-American slang for baby and as Zeppo was the youngest or baby Marx Brother, he was called Zeppo (BBC Archives).

Zeppo replaced brother Gummo in the Marx Brothers' stage act when the latter joined the army in 1918. Zeppo remained with the team and appeared in their successes in vaudeville, on Broadway, and the first five Marx Brothers films, as a straight man and romantic lead, before leaving the team. He also made a solo appearance in the Adolphe Menjou comedy A Kiss in the Dark, as Herbert Marx. It was described in newspaper reviews as a minor role.

In Lady Blue Eyes, Barbara Sinatra, Zeppo's second wife, reported that Zeppo was considered too young to perform with his brothers, and when Gummo joined the Army, Zeppo was asked to join the act as a last-minute stand-in at a show in Texas. Zeppo was supposed to go out that night with a Jewish friend of his. They were supposed to take out two Irish girls, but Zeppo had to cancel to board the train to Texas. His friend went ahead and went on the date, and was shot a few hours later when he was attacked by an Irish gang that disapproved of a Jew dating an Irish girl.

As the youngest and having grown up watching his brothers, Zeppo could fill in for and imitate any of the others when illness kept them from performing. Groucho suffered from appendicitis during the Broadway run of Animal Crackers and Zeppo filled in for him as Captain Spaulding.

"He was so good as Captain Spaulding in Animal Crackers that I would have let him play the part indefinitely, if they had allowed me to smoke in the audience", Groucho recalled. However, a comic persona of his own that could stand up against those of his brothers did not emerge. As critic Percy Hammond wrote, sympathetically, in 1928:

One of the handicaps to the thorough enjoyment of the Marx Brothers in their merry escapades is the plight of poor Zeppo Marx. While Groucho, Harpo, and Chico are hogging the show, as the phrase has it, their brother hides in an insignificant role, peeping out now and then to listen to plaudits in which he has no share.

Though Zeppo continued to play it straight in the Brothers' movies for Paramount Pictures, he occasionally got to be part of classic comedy moments in them—in particular, his role in the famous dictation scene with Groucho in Animal Crackers (1930). He also played a pivotal role as the love interest of Ruth Hall's character in Monkey Business (1931) and of Thelma Todd's in Horse Feathers (1932).

The popular assumption that Zeppo's character was superfluous was fueled in part by Groucho. According to Groucho's own story, when the group became the Three Marx Brothers, the studio wanted to trim their collective salary, and Groucho replied, "We're twice as funny without Zeppo!"

Zeppo had great mechanical skills and was largely responsible for keeping the Marx family car running. He later owned a company that machined parts for the war effort during World War II, Marman Products Co. of Inglewood, California, later acquired by the Aeroquip Company. This company produced a motorcycle, called the Marman Twin, and the Marman clamps used to hold the "Fat Man" atomic bomb inside the B-29 bomber Bockscar.[citation needed] He invented and obtained several patents for a wristwatch that monitored the pulse rate of cardiac patients and gave off an alarm if the heartbeat became irregular, and a therapeutic pad for delivering moist heat to a patient.

He also founded a large theatrical agency with his brother Gummo. During his time as a theatrical agent, Zeppo and Gummo, primarily Gummo, represented their brothers, among many others.

On April 12, 1927, Zeppo married Marion Bimberg Benda.[15] The couple adopted two children, Timothy and Thomas, in 1944 and 1945, and later divorced on May 12, 1954. On September 18, 1959, Marx married Barbara Blakeley, whose son, Bobby Oliver, he wanted to adopt and give his surname, but Bobby's father would not allow it. Bobby simply started using the last name "Marx".

Blakeley wrote in her book, Lady Blue Eyes, that Zeppo never made her convert to Judaism. Blakeley was of Methodist faith and said that Zeppo told her she became Jewish by "injection".

Blakeley also wrote in her book that Zeppo wanted to keep her son out of the picture, adding a room for him onto his estate, which was more of a guest house, as it was separated from the main residence. It was also decided that Blakeley's son would go to military school, which according to Blakeley, pleased Zeppo.

Zeppo owned a house on Halper Lake Drive in Rancho Mirage, California, which was built off the fairway of the Tamarisk Country Club. The Tamarisk Club had been set up by the Jewish community, which rivaled the gentile club called The Thunderbird. His neighbor happened to be Frank Sinatra. Zeppo later attended the Hillcrest Country Club with friends such as Sinatra, George Burns, Jack Benny, Danny Kaye, Sid Caesar, and Milton Berle.

Blakeley became involved with the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and had arranged to show Spartacus (featuring Kirk Douglas) for charity, selling tickets, and organizing a postscreening ball. At the last minute, Blakeley was told she could not have the film, so Zeppo went to the country club and spoke to Sinatra, who agreed to let him have an early release of a film he had just finished named Come Blow Your Horn. Sinatra also flew everyone involved to Palm Springs for the event.

Zeppo was a very jealous and possessive husband, and hated for Blakeley to talk to other men. Blakeley claimed that Zeppo grabbed Victor Rothschild by the throat at a country club because she was talking to him. Blakeley had caught Zeppo on many occasions with other women; the biggest incident was a party Zeppo had thrown on his yacht. After the incident, Zeppo took Blakeley to Europe, and accepted more invitations to parties when they arrived back in the States. Some of these parties were at Sinatra's compound; he often invited Blakeley and Zeppo to his house two or three times a week. Sinatra would also send champagne or wine to their home, as a nice gesture.

Blakeley and Sinatra began a love affair, unbeknownst to Zeppo. The press eventually got wind of the affair, snapping photos of Blakely and Sinatra together, or asking Blakeley questions whenever they spotted her. Both Sinatra and she denied the affair.

Zeppo and Blakeley divorced in 1973. Zeppo let Blakeley keep the 1969 Jaguar he had bought her, and agreed to pay her $1,500 (equivalent to $8,600 in 2019) per month for 10 years. Sinatra upgraded Blakeley's Jaguar to the latest model. Sinatra also gave her a house to live in. The house had belonged to Eden Hartford, Groucho Marx's third wife. Blakeley and Sinatra continued to date, and were constantly hounded by the press until the divorce between Zeppo and Blakeley became final. Blakeley and Sinatra were married in 1976.

Zeppo became ill with cancer in 1978. He sold his home, and moved to a house on the fairway off Frank Sinatra Drive. The doctors thought the cancer had gone into remission, but it returned. Zeppo called Blakeley, who accompanied him to doctor's appointments. Zeppo spent his last days with Blakeley's family.

The last surviving Marx Brother, Zeppo died of lung cancer at the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage on November 30, 1979, at the age of 78. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.

In his will, Zeppo left Bobby Marx a few possessions and enough money to finish law school. Both Sinatra and Blakeley attended his funeral.

[patentagency]

Patent Lawyers in Texas: Safeguard Your Innovations with Affordable Patent Agency

In a world driven by innovation and technology, protecting your intellectual property (IP) is essential to maintaining your competitive edge. Whether you’re an entrepreneur, a startup, or an established business, securing a patent ensures that your inventions and ideas remain exclusively yours. Working with experienced patent lawyers can simplify this intricate legal process if you're based in Texas. This guide explores the role of patent lawyers in Texas, their services, and the benefits of choosing an Affordable Patent Agency for your patent needs.

Why Patents Are Crucial for Your Business

Patents grant inventors exclusive rights to their creations for a defined period, preventing others from using, selling, or manufacturing the invention without permission. They act as both a shield against competitors and a valuable business asset, boosting your company’s market value and credibility. However, securing a patent involves navigating complex legal and technical requirements, making professional guidance indispensable.

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Patent lawyers specialize in intellectual property law and provide expert support throughout the patent process. With Texas being a hub for industries like technology, energy, and manufacturing, the state’s patent lawyers are well-versed in addressing the unique challenges faced by local innovators. Here are the key services they offer:

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[handeaux]

15 Curious Facts About Cincinnati’s Spring Grove Cemetery

Superman Is Not Buried In Spring Grove

The earthly remains of George Reeves, the actor who played Superman on television during the 1950s, were held in a vault at Spring Grove Cemetery for a couple of months in 1959 while his mother sorted out what to do. Although she wanted a mausoleum in Cincinnati, it proved impracticable. Reeves’ body was cremated here and the ashes shipped to California.

Civil War Generals: Forty To One

Spring Grove Cemetery provides a list of forty Civil War generals buried within the grounds. Among them are distinguished names such as Cox, Hooker, Lytle and McCook. The cemetery’s official list does not include the single Confederate general buried there, Philip Noland Luckett of Texas, who was appointed as acting Brigadier General in June of 1863..

Fraternities Forced Pledges To Break Into The Cemetery

Isaac M. Jordan met his gruesome death in 1890 by falling down an open elevator shaft at the Lincoln Inn Court on Main Street. He was a hugely successful businessman and politician, but was famous because he helped create Sigma Chi fraternity. Well into the 1970s, Sigma Chi pledges were ordered to sneak in to Spring Grove Cemetery, record the inscription on Jordan’s tomb, and report back by dawn.

Spring Grove Once Had A Jail

The Norman Chapel was built in 1880 and originally housed a jail in the basement. A jail cell still survives, but is used today for storage. When it was functional, vagrants and reckless drivers – originally of horse-drawn carriages, later of automobiles – speeding in the cemetery were arrested and kept overnight. Cemetery watchmen were deputized by the county sheriff to enforce the law.

C.C. Breuer Was Not An Optometrist

Almost every article, book or blog post about weird Cincinnati sites directs readers to Charles C. Breuer’s grave in Spring Grove Cemetery. Breuer’s gravestone features a bronze bust of himself, with glass eyes that some folks swear follow them as they move. Most sources claim Breuer emphasized the eyes because of his career as an optometrist. Not true. Breuer was a salesman, commission agent and real estate investor. He married three times, disowned his own daughters, tried to blow up a one of his own buildings, was declared insane and died in a mental hospital – but he was not an optometrist.

At Least One Man Visited By Telescope

George K. Shoenberger built the magnificent Scarlet Oaks mansion in Clifton for his wife, Sarah Hamilton Shoenberger in 1867. When she died in 1881 he had a magnificent vault constructed for their eternal rest. Shoenberger remarried, in 1883, to a young Canadian woman named Ella Beatty. Still, he sighed for Sarah, and often climbed into one of the Scarlet Oaks turrets to gaze upon her (their) tomb with a telescope. Legend has it that Ella had enough one day and locked George in his turret. When he died in 1892, he and Sarah were reunited at Spring Grove, while Ella remarried a Canadian composer.

Spring Grove Has Its Own Water Supply

It’s called Spring Grove because the cemetery grounds are watered by several natural springs. Spring water is stored in a reservoir tower located near the north gate. The tower is not only picturesque but  functional, providing a consistent supply of water.

It Almost Wasn’t Called Spring Grove

A meeting in November 1844 to choose a name for the new cemetery adjourned when none of the suggested names attracted a majority of votes. Losing candidates were Cincinnati Rural, Makketewah, Machpelah, Rose Hill, Shade Land, Oakland, Mount Hope, Rose Dale, Fair Lawn, Miami, Walnut Dale, Silent Hill, Cincinnati Cemetery, The Elms, and Rosamont. A second meeting produced Green Vale, Mount Repose, Hope Land, Glen Wood, Willow Glen, Oakland Valley, Elmwood, Hazelwood and Spring Grove.

Spring Grove Is Home To Several ‘Ladies Of The Evening”

There are at least 16 prostitutes or madams buried in Spring Grove Cemetery. While none are identified as such on the cemetery’s burial records,  cross-indexing with Cincinnati's death records and newspaper accounts confirm that prostitutes, "harlots," and "sports" are buried there. Some rest in common, unmarked areas, some in family plots. In other words, the women listed here are not all buried together. There is no concentrated "Red Light" district in the cemetery.

Its Ghost Stories Are Lame

For a cemetery this big, this old, and this scenic, Spring Grove has inspired few spooky stories. One involves the Dexter Mausoleum, inspired by a Gothic church overlooking one of the cemetery’s picturesque lakes. Supposedly, if you sit on the landing of this tomb, two white dogs will run by. Or two white wolves. Maybe their eyes glow red. Sources differ. They will stare at you, glowing bright white, or maybe not. In any event, not very spooky.

For Some “Residents,” Spring Grove Is Their Third Resting Place

Perhaps a thousand or more Spring Grove “residents” died years, even decades, before the cemetery was opened in 1845. How is this possible? Cincinnati’s first burial grounds were located at the original outskirts of town, around Fourth Street. As the city expanded, the dead were relocated to more remote graveyards, such as the area where Washington Park is now located. The “new” confines quickly filled during the cholera epidemics of the 1830s and 1840s, and many of the burials were relocated again, to Spring Grove.

Spring Grove Banned Automobiles

Cincinnati funeral homes maintained horse-drawn hearses for a long time after motorized vehicles became available because no Cincinnati cemetery permitted automobiles to disturb the silence. Spring Grove finally relented in April 1911 and allowed motor cars, except on Sunday afternoons, but only if motorist followed strict regulations. Spring Grove finally replaced its own horse-drawn carriage with an automobile in 1915.

Headstones Have Always Been Controversial

In 1850, when David B. Lawler, among the founders of Spring Grove, attempted to place a sphinx in his family plot, some directors objected to the “heathen” symbolism, but it was eventually allowed. Ten years later, Alexander Latta, inventor of the fire engine, unveiled a headstone design with his invention sculpted on top. Spring Grove rejected the design as too commercial. As recently as 2014, Spring Grove found itself in a dispute over a couple of Spongebob Squarepants headstones.

At Least One Burial Is Not Human

According to the Enquirer [8 December 1905], a dog named Old Man is interred next to his late master, George E. Turner. Mr. Turner was quite attached to his canine companion, a dog allegedly skilled at mathematics, particularly adept at sorting correct change on command. Although cemetery rules prohibit animal burials, Superintendent William Salway was a good friend of Turner. As Turner lay on his deathbed, Salway agreed that, when the dog’s time came, he could rejoin his earthly master.

Spring Grove Holds A Patent On A Tree

The white flowering dogwood tree (

Cornus florida

) is susceptible to a nasty fungus. The horticulture team at Spring Grove Cemetery bred a cultivar or variant of this species that appears to withstand fungal infection while producing abundant flowers and tolerance for hot and cold temperatures. Patent PP8500 was awarded in 1993.

[cannabisesaude]

Cronologia da Cannabis

Texto traduzido do original de Chris Conrad, adaptado da linha do tempo publicada originalmente em Cânhamo: Linha de vida para o futuro (Creative Xpressions, 1993, 1994)

8.000 aC - As indústrias têxteis da civilização, agricultura e cânhamo começam na Europa e na Ásia simultaneamente. Fibra de cânhamo trabalhada encontrada em cerâmica entre as ruínas de Catak Ur e no leste da China.

3727 - A maconha é chamada de erva "superior" no primeiro texto médico do mundo, ou farmacopeia, Pen Ts'ao de Shen Nung, na China. Shen Nung era o lendário agricultor de cânhamo, filósofo, curandeiro e monarca benevolente; muitos acreditam que ele era uma figura composta baseada em várias pessoas reais.

1500 - Os citas fumantes de cannabis percorrem a Europa e a Ásia em seus carros de boi, instalam-se em todos os lugares e inventam a foice para colher cânhamo. Eles também usam cabanas para fumar com tripés, onde queimam flores de maconha e inalam a fumaça como um ritual de limpeza.

1400 - Uso cultural e religioso de ganja, cannabis e charas, ou resina (haxixe), registrados entre os hindus na Índia.

c.800 - Zoroastrianos, Therapeutia, Coptics, Essenes, outras religiões africanas e euro-asiáticas adotam incenso e sacramento de cannabis. Zoroastro está convencido por uma experiência haxixe de que todos os deuses eram manifestações do único deus real: a primeira religião monoteísta registrada.

c.500 - Diz a lenda que Gautama Buddha sobreviveu comendo cânhamo.

450 - Heródoto registra os citas e trácias como consumindo maconha em suas cabanas de fumo das quais emergem rindo e produzindo finas roupas de cânhamo, tão boas quanto as de linho.

420 - Alguém, em algum lugar, estava fumando maconha.

300 - Cartago e Roma usam o cânhamo em seu crescimento naval e marítimo e lutam pelo poder político e comercial sobre as rotas comerciais de cânhamo e especiarias no Mediterrâneo.

100 aC - os chineses fazem papel com cânhamo e amoreira.

Anexo 0 - Jesus: “Não é o que entra pela boca que contamina o homem; mas aquilo que sai da boca, isso contamina o homem. ” Mateus 15:11.

100 dC - O cirurgião romano Dioscorides nomeia a planta cannabis sativa e descreve vários usos medicinais. Pliny fala de usos industriais e escreve um manual sobre cultivo de cânhamo.

420 - Alguém estava fumando maconha

500 - Desenho botânico sobrevivente mais antigo de cânhamo, diagramado em Constantinopolitano.

c. 600 - alemães, francos, vikings, etc., todos usam fibra de cânhamo.

c. 800 - Mohammed proíbe o uso de álcool, mas permite cannabis.

1000 - A palavra em inglês "hempe" é listada pela primeira vez em um dicionário. - Os muçulmanos produzem haxixe para medicina e uso social.

1150 - Os muçulmanos controlam grande parte da Espanha, use o cânhamo para iniciar a primeira fábrica de papel da Europa. A maioria dos papéis é feita de cânhamo pelos próximos 850 anos.

1484 - O inquisidor Papa Inocente VIII proíbe o haxixe, a educação e o uso de plantas medicinais, lança caçadas às bruxas em toda a Europa.

1492 - As velas de cânhamo, calafetagem e cordame inflamam o Age of Discovery e ajudam Columbus e seus navios a chegarem à América.

16-17th c. - Os holandeses alcançam a Idade de Ouro através do comércio de cânhamo baseado em navios com velas de cânhamo e cordame usando energia eólica.

1545 - A agricultura de cânhamo atravessa o continente americano e chega ao Chile. - Exploradores relatam encontrar “wilde hempe” crescendo na América do Norte.

1564 - O rei Phillip da Espanha ordena o cultivo de cânhamo em todo o seu império, da Argentina moderna ao Oregon.

1619 - A colônia da Virgínia torna obrigatório o cultivo de cânhamo, seguido pela maioria das outras colônias. A Europa paga recompensas de cânhamo.

1631 - O cânhamo é usado como dinheiro nas colônias americanas.

1776 - Declaração de Independência, redigida em papel de cânhamo.

1791 - O presidente Washington estabelece deveres sobre o cânhamo para incentivar a indústria doméstica; Jefferson chama o cânhamo de "uma necessidade" e pede aos agricultores que cultivem cânhamo em vez de tabaco.

1800 - Gins de algodão produzem fibras mais baratas que o cânhamo.

1841 - Dr. W.B. O Shaughnessy da Escócia trabalha na Índia e depois introduz a maconha na ciência ocidental.

1850 - Começa a era petroquímica. Os processos tóxicos de sulfito e cloro produzem papel das árvores, os navios a vapor substituem as velas e as fibras tropicais são introduzidas.

1860 - Primeiro estudo da comissão governamental de cannabis e saúde realizado pela Ohio State Medical Society.

1876 ​​- O haxixe é servido na Exposição do Centenário Americano.

1890 - O médico pessoal da rainha Victoria, Sir Russell Reynolds, recomenda o uso de terapias de cannabis para distúrbios "mentais, ... sensoriais ... e ... musculares".

1894 - A Comissão Indiana para Drogas do Cânhamo (britânica) estuda o uso social e se opõe firmemente à sua proibição.

1895 - Primeiro uso conhecido da palavra "maconha" para fumar pelos apoiadores de Pancho Villa em Sonora México.

1910 - O uso de 'frigoríficos' afro-americanos é relatado em clubes de jazz de Nova Orleans, que dizem estar influenciando as pessoas brancas. - Mexicanos relataram estar fumando maconha no Texas.

1911 - Hindus relataram estar usando 'gunjah' em São Francisco. Massachussetts adota a primeira proibição da maconha.

1916 - O Boletim 404 do USDA pede um novo programa de expansão do cânhamo para substituir o uso de madeira pela indústria.

Década de 1920 - A proibição do álcool entra em vigor, Anslinger lidera a aplicação da proibição; Mellon é secretário de tesouraria; Experimentos da DuPont com petroquímicos. Guerra de gangues enquanto a multidão de Al Capone em Chicago assume a indústria do álcool.

Década de 1930 - Novas máquinas inventadas para quebrar o cânhamo, processar a fibra e converter celulose ou resíduos em papel, plástico, etc. 1200 haxixe na cidade de Nova York. Os temores racistas de mexicanos, asiáticos e afro-americanos levam à clamor pela proibição da cannabis.

1935 - Painel de fibras agrícolas compactadas inventado na Suécia. O Conselho da DuPont Corporation alertou que sofrerá economicamente, a menos que um novo plano tributário federal seja implementado para mudar a ordem econômica e social nos EUA. Harry J. Anslinger trabalha para espalhar relatos falsos sobre 'maconha' e crime. Ninguém sabe o que é "maconha".

1937 - A Lei do imposto sobre a maconha proíbe a agricultura de cânhamo nos EUA sem uma licença do Departamento do Tesouro. Du Pont registra patente para o nylon.

1943-45 - O programa Hemp for Victory insta os agricultores a cultivá-lo.

1955 - O cultivo do cânhamo é novamente banido.

1960 - Hippies, música pop e veterinários do Vietnã adotam cannabis. Os Beatles se tornam ícones do consumo de maconha.

1969 - Timothy Leary processa os EUA por causa da Lei Tributária da Maconha, que é declarada inconstitucional e anulada.

Década de 1970 - O Congresso aprova a Lei de Substâncias Controladas para substituir o MTA, lança a comissão nacional de drogas, coloca a maconha na classe mais restrita de drogas, à espera de um relatório da comissão nacional, coloca a DEA encarregada de reagendar as drogas com base em pesquisas científicas. - O uso social da cannabis recebe ampla aceitação e política de descriminalização legal varre os EUA. - O presidente Richard Nixon declara que a “Guerra às Drogas” fecha a fronteira mexicana com a Operação Intercept, levando assim o cultivo doméstico a se enraizar nos EUA. - Estudos patrocinados pelo governo afirmam mostrar novos riscos do tabagismo. Os contribuintes patrocinam grupos de desinformação.

1976 - A Holanda adota tolerância. O Oregon e a Califórnia descriminalizam a maconha, tornando um crime de contravenção possuir menos de 30 gramas com multa de US $ 100 e sem tempo de prisão.

Década de 1980 - Guerra de Reagan / Bush contra a maconha: 'Head shops' que vendem aparelhos de fumar ilegalmente. Teste de urina, recriminalização, apreensão de bens e propriedades, forças armadas, campos de prisioneiros, Just Say No, PDFA, DARE, subsídios de tabaco e nucleares, etc. impostos. Início da jardinagem interna a nível nacional.

1988 - O juiz administrativo principal da DEA decide que o governo deve permitir o uso medicinal da erva.

1989 - Preço por onça de cannabis maior que o ouro. É a maior colheita comercial em muitos estados.

Década de 1990 - Os eleitores aprovam medidas regionais de cannabis medicinal. O interesse neste cânhamo e na indústria adiciona um novo apoio à campanha pelo direito legal ao uso social. O movimento do cânhamo decola.

1992 - A Austrália licencia a fazenda de cânhamo. Bush perde a corrida para presidente dos EUA admitir ex-fumantes de maconha Bill Clinton & Al Gore.

1993 - Inglaterra diminui as restrições à agricultura de cânhamo. A mídia declara que as roupas de cânhamo e o logotipo da folha de maconha são a moda mais recente.

1994 - O governo canadense permite a fazenda de cânhamo na província de Ontário. - A Hemp Agrotech planta a primeira colheita de pesquisa especial nos Estados Unidos desde a era pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, mas a colheita é destruída pelos agentes de proibição apenas uma semana antes da colheita. - 15 de novembro declarou o Dia da Maconha Medicinal - Fundada a Associação das Indústrias do Cânhamo.

1995 - Lançamento do projeto Direitos Humanos e Guerra às Drogas

1996 - a Califórnia aprovou a Proposição 215; maconha medicinal legalizada. - Agências federais e estaduais de aplicação da lei iniciam conspiração criminosa para anular a lei e minar a vontade dos eleitores. A polícia da Califórnia concorda em ignorar a Constituição do Estado e a separação de poderes, alegando que a lei federal substitui a lei estadual, que a Suprema Corte dos EUA finalmente rejeitou em 2010 no caso San Diego / Califórnia.

1997 - Federais tentam silenciar médicos, mas são processados ​​em troca e processados ​​pelo médico de São Francisco, Robert Conant - 15 de fevereiro declarou o novo dia da maconha medicinal após a proposição 215 (15/2).

1998 - os eleitores de Nevada, Alasca, Washington, Oregon, Colorado e Maine legalizam o cultivo e uso médico; - A decisão de Conant / McCaffrey da Nona Corte de Apelação protege a liberdade de associação e os direitos de fala dos médicos na Primeira Emenda para recomendar ou aprovar maconha medicinal para seus pacientes1999 - Academia Nacional de Ciências reconhece algum valor médico; Oakland estabelece diretrizes para o paciente, autoriza quatro dispensários a serem licenciados na cidade.

2000 - O ex-consumidor de maconha Al Gore se recusa a apoiar a maconha medicinal, perde a oferta da Casa Branca para o ex-abusador de cocaína e alcoólatra GW Bush, que lança uma nova repressão ao uso medicinal.

2001 - Massacre da Fazenda Arco-Íris; Suprema Corte dos EUA contra Oakland Cannabis Buyers Coop decide que a necessidade médica não é defesa da lei federal para o fornecimento de cannabis legal; - Federais e policiais locais assassinam ativistas da maconha na Rainbow Farm - Federais Dra. Mollie Fry e o marido advogado Dale Schafer por fornecer maconha medicinal a pacientes de acordo com a lei estadual da Califórnia - Federais atacam o coletivo de maconha medicinal Santa Cruz Wo / Men's Alliance for Medical Marijuana (WAMM) e o conselho da cidade começa a distribuir maconha medicinal a pacientes cuja fonte foi erradicada.

2002 - Os eleitores de Seattle tornam o porte de maconha a mais baixa prioridade da cidade.

2003 - O legislador da Califórnia aprova o projeto de lei 420 do Senado, criando um programa voluntário e confidencial de carteira de identidade, um porto seguro contra prisão e acusação e cultivo e distribuição coletivos

2004 - Os eleitores de Oakland são aprovados na Medida Z

2005 - A decisão da Suprema Corte Gonzalez / Raich dos EUA sustenta que o uso médico não é diferente do uso não-médico, mantém as leis federais sobre drogas sob a Cláusula de Comércio, mas não anula nenhuma lei estadual;

2006 - Os supervisores do condado de San Francisco e o Conselho da cidade de West Hollywood aprovam as medidas da LLEP por posse. Os eleitores das cidades de Santa Cruz, Santa Bárbara e Santa Mônica também aprovam as medidas da LLEP.2008 - Barack Obama, que reconheceu o consumo de maconha em sua biografia e votou na legalização do cânhamo como senador estadual da IL, é eleito presidente.

2009 - A conferência de imprensa de Holder, memorando sobre preempção federal, memorando sobre integridade científica e o memorando de Ogden, publicado em outubro, definiu uma política que desencoraja os processos contra o uso e operações de maconha medicinal em conformidade com as leis estaduais.

2010 - Prop 19, Kelly Decision, SB1449 torna a posse uma infração, San Diego / Califórnia mantém leis estaduais sobre maconha medicinal, os estados têm o direito de legalizar sob as leis estaduais, mas a jurisdição federal para prender e processar pacientes e fornecedores também permanece intacta; Receita Federal começa a investigar mais dispensários

2011 - Museu Oakland Cannabis é inaugurado em Oaksterdam - O congressista americano Barney Frank (D, MA) apresentou um projeto de lei que reclassifica a maconha de seu status atual como uma droga perigosa e sem valor médico, para permitir que os médicos a prescrevam - e não apenas "recomendar ou aprovar". - Outro projeto de lei, apresentado pelo congressista dos EUA Jared Polis (D-CO), permitirá que bancos e outras instituições financeiras prestem serviços a empresas de maconha medicinal sem estar sujeito a requisitos de relatórios de "atividades suspeitas". - Um terceiro projeto de lei, apresentado pelo congressista norte-americano Pete Stark (D-CA), altera o código tributário federal “para permitir uma dedução de despesas relacionadas ao comércio ou negócio de venda de maconha destinada a pacientes para fins médicos, de acordo com a lei estadual. "

imagens fonte: https://thcmuseum.org/the-history/

texto fonte: http://oaksterdamcannabismuseum.com/?page_id=35

[cryptomining1-blog]

Agere - The Name You Can Trust for Integrated Circuit Components

Agere was established on August 1, 2000 as an auxiliary of Lucent Advances. The organization spun off on June 1, 2002. Agere was a coordinated circuit parts organization. The organization's base camp was in Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA, yet in addition kept up workplaces in Dallas, Texas, Whitefield, India, Raannana, China, and Nieuwaegein, Netherlands. Anyway Agere was converged with LSI Company in 2007. At the point when the organization was good to go, Richard L. Clemmer was the president and Chief. The principle items Agere Frameworks created were incorporated circuits. Prior to the converging of the two organizations, Agere and LSI Company, Agere documented a claim against Microsoft. Agere asserted that Microsoft built up its improvement of the sound of phone brings made over the Web and by means of meeting calling frameworks on Agere's thoughts. Agere sued Microsoft for supposed patent infringement and for vague harms. original site whatsminer m20s

About Agere Flying machine Parts and Its Item Range:

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[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.26 (after 1945)

1945 – The United Nations Charter is signed by 50 Allied nations in San Francisco, California. 1948 – Cold War: The first supply flights are made in response to the Berlin Blockade. 1948 – William Shockley files the original patent for the grown-junction transistor, the first bipolar junction transistor. 1948 – Shirley Jackson's short story The Lottery is published in The New Yorker magazine. 1952 – The Pan-Malayan Labour Party is founded in Malaya, as a union of statewide labour parties. 1953 – Lavrentiy Beria, head of MVD, is arrested by Nikita Khrushchev and other members of the Politburo. 1955 – The South African Congress Alliance adopts the Freedom Charter at the Congress of the People in Kliptown. 1959 – Swedish boxer Ingemar Johansson becomes world champion of heavy weight boxing, by defeating American Floyd Patterson on technical knockout after two minutes and three seconds in the third round at Yankee Stadium. 1960 – The former British Protectorate of British Somaliland gains its independence as Somaliland. 1960 – Madagascar gains its independence from France. 1963 – Cold War: U.S. President John F. Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech, underlining the support of the United States for democratic West Germany shortly after Soviet-supported East Germany erected the Berlin Wall. 1967 – Karol Wojtyła (later John Paul II) made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI. 1974 – The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio. 1975 – Two FBI agents and a member of the American Indian Movement are killed in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota; Leonard Peltier is later convicted of the murders in a controversial trial. 1977 – Elvis Presley held his final concert in Indianapolis, Indiana at Market Square Arena. 1978 – Air Canada Flight 189, flying to Toronto, overruns the runway and crashes into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of the 107 passengers on board perish. 1981 – Dan-Air Flight 240, flying to East Midlands Airport, crashes in Nailstone, Leicestershire. All three crew members perish. 1988 – The first crash of an Airbus A320 occurs when Air France Flight 296Q crashes at Mulhouse–Habsheim Airfield in Habsheim, France, during an air show, killing three of the 136 people on board. 1991 – Yugoslav Wars: The Yugoslav People's Army begins the Ten-Day War in Slovenia. 1995 – Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani deposes his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar, in a bloodless coup d'état. 1997 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Communications Decency Act violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. 1997 – J. K. Rowling publishes the first of her Harry Potter novel series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in United Kingdom. 2000 – The Human Genome Project announces the completion of a "rough draft" sequence. 2003 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Lawrence v. Texas that sex-based sodomy laws are unconstitutional. 2006 – Mari Alkatiri, the first Prime Minister of East Timor, resigns after weeks of political unrest. 2007 – Pope Benedict XVI reinstates the traditional laws of papal election in which a successful candidate must receive two-thirds of the votes. 2008 – A suicide bomber dressed as an Iraqi policeman detonates an explosive vest, killing 25 people. 2013 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5–4, that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional and in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 2015 – Five different terrorist attacks in France, Tunisia, Somalia, Kuwait, and Syria occurred on what was dubbed Bloody Friday by international media. Upwards of 750 people were either killed or injured in these uncoordinated attacks. 2015 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5–4, that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marriage under the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution.

[cleverwordsandotherstuffilike]

Inventions

Adrenaline: (isolation of) John Jacob Abel, U.S., 1897.

Aerosol can: Erik Rotheim, Norway, 1926.

Air brake: George Westinghouse, U.S., 1868.

Air conditioning: Willis Carrier, U.S., 1911.

Airship: (non-rigid) Henri Giffard, France, 1852; (rigid) Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Germany, 1900.

Aluminum manufacture: (by electrolytic action) Charles M. Hall, U.S., 1866.

Anatomy, human: (De fabrica corporis humani, an illustrated systematic study of the human body) Andreas Vesalius, Belgium, 1543; (comparative: parts of an organism are correlated to the functioning whole) Georges Cuvier, France, 1799–1805.

Anesthetic: (first use of anesthetic—ether—on humans) Crawford W. Long, U.S., 1842.

Antibiotics: (first demonstration of antibiotic effect) Louis Pasteur, Jules-François Joubert, France, 1887; (discovery of penicillin, first modern antibiotic) Alexander Fleming, England, 1928; (penicillin’s infection-fighting properties) Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, England, 1940.

Antiseptic: (surgery) Joseph Lister, England, 1867.

Antitoxin, diphtheria: Emil von Behring, Germany, 1890.

Appliances, electric: (fan) Schuyler Wheeler, U.S., 1882; (flatiron) Henry W. Seely, U.S., 1882; (stove) Hadaway, U.S., 1896; (washing machine) Alva Fisher, U.S., 1906.

Aqualung: Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Emile Gagnan, France, 1943.

Aspirin: Dr. Felix Hoffman, Germany, 1899.

Astronomical calculator: The Antikythera device, first century B.C., Greece. Found off island of Antikythera in 1900.

Atom: (nuclear model of) Ernest Rutherford, England, 1911.

Atomic theory: (ancient) Leucippus, Democritus, Greece, c. 500 B.C.; Lucretius, Rome c.100 B.C.; (modern) John Dalton, England, 1808.

Atomic structure: (formulated nuclear model of atom, Rutherford model) Ernest Rutherford, England, 1911; (proposed current concept of atomic structure, the Bohr model) Niels Bohr, Denmark, 1913.

Automobile: (first with internal combustion engine, 250 rpm) Karl Benz, Germany, 1885; (first with practical high-speed internal combustion engine, 900 rpm) Gottlieb Daimler, Germany, 1885; (first true automobile, not carriage with motor) René Panhard, Emile Lavassor, France, 1891; (carburetor, spray) Charles E. Duryea, U.S., 1892.

Autopilot: (for aircraft) Elmer A. Sperry, U.S., c.1910, first successful test, 1912, in a Curtiss flying boat.

Avogadro’s law: (equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules) Amedeo Avogadro, Italy, 1811.

Bacteria: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, The Netherlands, 1683.

Balloon, hot-air: Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier, France, 1783.

Barbed wire: (most popular) Joseph E. Glidden, U.S., 1873.

Bar codes: (computer-scanned binary signal code):

(retail trade use) Monarch Marking, U.S. 1970; (industrial use) Plessey Telecommunications, England, 1970.

Barometer: Evangelista Torricelli, Italy, 1643.

Bicycle: Karl D. von Sauerbronn, Germany, 1816; (first modern model) James Starley, England, 1884.

Big Bang theory: (the universe originated with a huge explosion) George LeMaitre, Belgium, 1927; (modified LeMaitre theory labeled “Big Bang”) George A. Gamow, U.S., 1948; (cosmic microwave background radiation discovered, confirms theory) Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson, U.S., 1965.

Blood, circulation of: William Harvey, England, 1628.

Boyle’s law: (relation between pressure and volume in gases) Robert Boyle, Ireland, 1662.

Braille: Louis Braille, France, 1829.

Bridges: (suspension, iron chains) James Finley, Pa., 1800; (wire suspension) Marc Seguin, Lyons, 1825; (truss) Ithiel Town, U.S., 1820.

Bullet: (conical) Claude Minié, France, 1849.

Calculating machine: (logarithms: made multiplying easier and thus calculators practical) John Napier, Scotland, 1614; (slide rule) William Oughtred, England, 1632; (digital calculator) Blaise Pascal, 1642; (multiplication machine) Gottfried Leibniz, Germany, 1671; (important 19th-century contributors to modern machine) Frank S. Baldwin, Jay R. Monroe, Dorr E. Felt, W. T. Ohdner, William Burroughs, all U.S.; (“analytical engine” design, included concepts of programming, taping) Charles Babbage, England, 1835.

Calculus: Isaac Newton, England, 1669; (differential calculus) Gottfried Leibniz, Germany, 1684.

Camera: (hand-held) George Eastman, U.S., 1888; (Polaroid Land) Edwin Land, U.S., 1948.

“Canals” of Mars:Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italy, 1877.

Carpet sweeper: Melville R. Bissell, U.S., 1876.

Car radio: William Lear, Elmer Wavering, U.S., 1929, manufactured by Galvin Manufacturing Co., “Motorola.”

Cells: (word used to describe microscopic examination of cork) Robert Hooke, England, 1665; (theory: cells are common structural and functional unit of all living organisms) Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, 1838–1839.

Cement, Portland: Joseph Aspdin, England, 1824.

Chewing gum: (spruce-based) John Curtis, U.S., 1848; (chicle-based) Thomas Adams, U.S., 1870.

Cholera bacterium: Robert Koch, Germany, 1883.

Circuit, integrated: (theoretical) G.W.A. Dummer, England, 1952; (phase-shift oscillator) Jack S. Kilby, Texas Instruments, U.S., 1959.

Classification of plants: (first modern, based on comparative study of forms) Andrea Cesalpino, Italy, 1583; (classification of plants and animals by genera and species) Carolus Linnaeus, Sweden, 1737–1753.

Clock, pendulum: Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1656.

Coca-Cola: John Pemberton, U.S., 1886.

Combustion: (nature of) Antoine Lavoisier, France, 1777.

Compact disk: RCA, U.S., 1972.

Computers: (first design of analytical engine) Charles Babbage, 1830s; (ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, first all-electronic, completed) 1945; (dedicated at University of Pennsylvania) 1946; (UNIVAC, Universal Automatic Computer, handled both numeric and alphabetic data) 1951.

Concrete: (reinforced) Joseph Monier, France, 1877.

Condensed milk: Gail Borden, U.S., 1853.

Conditioned reflex: Ivan Pavlov, Russia, c.1910.

Conservation of electric charge: (the total electric charge of the universe or any closed system is constant) Benjamin Franklin, U.S., 1751–1754.

Contagion theory: (infectious diseases caused by living agent transmitted from person to person) Girolamo Fracastoro, Italy, 1546.

Continental drift theory: (geographer who pieced together continents into a single landmass on maps) Antonio Snider-Pellegrini, France, 1858; (first proposed in lecture) Frank Taylor, U.S.; (first comprehensive detailed theory) Alfred Wegener, Germany, 1912.

Contraceptive, oral: Gregory Pincus, Min Chuch Chang, John Rock, Carl Djerassi, U.S., 1951.

Converter, Bessemer: William Kelly, U.S., 1851.

Cosmetics: Egypt, c. 4000 B.C.

Cosamic string theory: (first postulated) Thomas Kibble, 1976.

Cotton gin: Eli Whitney, U.S., 1793.

Crossbow: China, c. 300 B.C.

Cyclotron: Ernest O. Lawrence, U.S., 1931.

Deuterium: (heavy hydrogen) Harold Urey, U.S., 1931.

Disease: (chemicals in treatment of) crusaded by Philippus Paracelsus, 1527–1541; (germ theory) Louis Pasteur, France, 1862–1877.

DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid) Friedrich Meischer, Germany, 1869; (determination of double-helical structure) Rosalind Elsie Franklin, F. H. Crick, England, James D. Watson, U.S., 1953.

Dye: (aniline, start of synthetic dye industry) William H. Perkin, England, 1856.

Dynamite: Alfred Nobel, Sweden, 1867.

Electric cooking utensil: (first) patented by St. George Lane-Fox, England, 1874.

Electric generator (dynamo): (laboratory model) Michael Faraday, England, 1832; Joseph Henry, U.S., c.1832; (hand-driven model) Hippolyte Pixii, France, 1833; (alternating-current generator) Nikola Tesla, U.S., 1892.

Electric lamp: (arc lamp) Sir Humphrey Davy, England, 1801; (fluorescent lamp) A.E. Becquerel, France, 1867; (incandescent lamp) Sir Joseph Swann, England, Thomas A. Edison, U.S., contemporaneously, 1870s; (carbon arc street lamp) Charles F. Brush, U.S., 1879; (first widely marketed incandescent lamp) Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1879; (mercury vapor lamp) Peter Cooper Hewitt, U.S., 1903; (neon lamp) Georges Claude, France, 1911; (tungsten filament) Irving Langmuir, U.S., 1915.

Electrocardiography: Demonstrated by Augustus Waller, 1887; (first practical device for recording activity of heart) Willem Einthoven, 1903, Dutch physiologist.

Electromagnet: William Sturgeon, England, 1823.

Electron: Sir Joseph J. Thompson, England, 1897.

Elevator, passenger: (safety device permitting use by passengers) Elisha G. Otis, U.S., 1852; (elevator utilizing safety device) 1857.

E = mc2: (equivalence of mass and energy) Albert Einstein, Switzerland, 1907.

Engine, internal combustion: No single inventor. Fundamental theory established by Sadi Carnot, France, 1824; (two-stroke) Etienne Lenoir, France, 1860; (ideal operating cycle for four-stroke) Alphonse Beau de Roche, France, 1862; (operating four-stroke) Nikolaus Otto, Germany, 1876; (diesel) Rudolf Diesel, Germany, 1892; (rotary) Felix Wankel, Germany, 1956.

Evolution: (organic) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, France, 1809; (by natural selection) Charles Darwin, England, 1859.

Exclusion principle: (no two electrons in an atom can occupy the same energy level) Wolfgang Pauli, Germany, 1925.

Expanding universe theory: (first proposed) George LeMaitre, Belgium, 1927; (discovered first direct evidence that the universe is expanding) Edwin P. Hubble, U.S., 1929; (Hubble constant: a measure of the rate at which the universe is expanding) Edwin P. Hubble, U.S., 1929.

Falling bodies, law of: Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1590.

Fermentation: (microorganisms as cause of) Louis Pasteur, France, c.1860.

Fiber optics: Narinder Kapany, England, 1955.

Fibers, man-made: (nitrocellulose fibers treated to change flammable nitrocellulose to harmless cellulose, precursor of rayon) Sir Joseph Swann, England, 1883; (rayon) Count Hilaire de Chardonnet, France, 1889; (Celanese) Henry and Camille Dreyfuss, U.S., England, 1921; (research on polyesters and polyamides, basis for modern man-made fibers) U.S., England, Germany, 1930s; (nylon) Wallace H. Carothers, U.S., 1935.

Frozen food: Clarence Birdseye, U.S., 1924.

Gene transfer: (human) Steven Rosenberg, R. Michael Blaese, W. French Anderson, U.S., 1989.

Geometry, elements of: Euclid, Alexandria, Egypt, c. 300 B.C.; (analytic) René Descartes, France; and Pierre de Fermat, Switzerland, 1637.

Gravitation, law of: Sir Isaac Newton, England, c.1665 (published 1687).

Gunpowder: China, c.700.

Gyrocompass: Elmer A. Sperry, U.S., 1905.

Gyroscope: Léon Foucault, France, 1852.

Halley’s Comet: Edmund Halley, England, 1705.

Heart implanted in human, permanent artificial:Dr. Robert Jarvik, U.S., 1982.

Heart, temporary artificial: Willem Kolft, 1957.

Helicopter: (double rotor) Heinrich Focke, Germany, 1936; (single rotor) Igor Sikorsky, U.S., 1939.

Helium first observed on sun: Sir Joseph Lockyer, England, 1868.

Heredity, laws of: Gregor Mendel, Austria, 1865.

Holograph: Dennis Gabor, England, 1947.

Home videotape systems (VCR): (Betamax) Sony, Japan, 1975; (VHS) Matsushita, Japan, 1975.

Ice age theory: Louis Agassiz, Swiss-American, 1840.

Induction, electric: Joseph Henry, U.S., 1828.

Insulin: (first isolated) Sir Frederick G. Banting and Charles H. Best, Canada, 1921; (discovery first published) Banting and Best, 1922; (Nobel Prize awarded for purification for use in humans) John Macleod and Banting, 1923; (first synthesized), China, 1966.

Intelligence testing: Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon, France, 1905.

Interferon: Alick Isaacs, Jean Lindemann, England, Switzerland, 1957.

Isotopes: (concept of) Frederick Soddy, England, 1912; (stable isotopes) J. J. Thompson, England, 1913; (existence demonstrated by mass spectrography) Francis W. Ashton, 1919.

Jet propulsion: (engine) Sir Frank Whittle, England, Hans von Ohain, Germany, 1936; (aircraft) Heinkel He 178, 1939.

Kinetic theory of gases: (molecules of a gas are in a state of rapid motion) Daniel Bernoulli, Switzerland, 1738.

Laser: (theoretical work on) Charles H. Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, U.S., N. Basov, A. Prokhorov, U.S.S.R., 1958; (first working model) T. H. Maiman, U.S., 1960.

Lawn mower: Edwin Budding, John Ferrabee, England, 1830–1831.

LCD (liquid crystal display): Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland, 1970.

Lens, bifocal: Benjamin Franklin, U.S., c.1760.

Leyden jar: (prototype electrical condenser) Canon E. G. von Kleist of Kamin, Pomerania, 1745; independently evolved by Cunaeus and P. van Musschenbroek, University of Leyden, Holland, 1746, from where name originated.

Light, nature of: (wave theory) Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1678; (electromagnetic theory) James Clerk Maxwell, England, 1873.

Light, speed of: (theory that light has finite velocity) Olaus Roemer, Denmark, 1675.

Lightning rod: Benjamin Franklin, U.S., 1752.

Locomotive: (steam powered) Richard Trevithick, England, 1804; (first practical, due to multiple-fire-tube boiler) George Stephenson, England, 1829; (largest steam-powered) Union Pacific’s “Big Boy,” U.S., 1941.

Lock, cylinder: Linus Yale, U.S., 1851.

Loom: (horizontal, two-beamed) Egypt, c. 4400 B.C.; (Jacquard drawloom, pattern controlled by punch cards) Jacques de Vaucanson, France, 1745, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, 1801; (flying shuttle) John Kay, England, 1733; (power-driven loom) Edmund Cartwright, England, 1785.

Machine gun: (hand-cranked multibarrel) Richard J. Gatling, U.S., 1862; (practical single barrel, belt-fed) Hiram S. Maxim, Anglo-American, 1884.

Magnet, Earth is: William Gilbert, England, 1600.

Match: (phosphorus) François Derosne, France, 1816; (friction) Charles Sauria, France, 1831; (safety) J. E. Lundstrom, Sweden, 1855.

Measles vaccine: John F. Enders, Thomas Peebles, U.S., 1953.

Metric system: revolutionary government of France, 1790–1801.

Microphone: Charles Wheatstone, England, 1827.

Microscope: (compound) Zacharias Janssen, The Netherlands, 1590; (electron) Vladimir Zworykin et al., U.S., Canada, Germany, 1932–1939.

Microwave oven: Percy Spencer, U.S., 1947.

Motion, laws of: Isaac Newton, England, 1687.

Motion pictures: Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1893.

Motion pictures, sound: Product of various inventions. First picture with synchronized musical score: Don Juan, 1926; with spoken dialogue: The Jazz Singer, 1927; both Warner Bros.

Motor, electric: Michael Faraday, England, 1822; (alternating-current) Nikola Tesla, U.S., 1892.

Motorcycle: (motor tricycle) Edward Butler, England, 1884; (gasoline-engine motorcycle) Gottlieb Daimler, Germany, 1885.

Moving assembly line: Henry Ford, U.S., 1913.

Neptune: (discovery of) Johann Galle, Germany, 1846.

Neptunium: (first transuranic element, synthesis of) Edward M. McMillan, Philip H. Abelson, U.S., 1940.

Neutron: James Chadwick, England, 1932.

Neutron-induced radiation: Enrico Fermi et al., Italy, 1934.

Nitroglycerin: Ascanio Sobrero, Italy, 1846.

Nuclear fission: Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann, Germany, 1938.

Nuclear reactor: Enrico Fermi, Italy, et al., 1942.

Ohm’s law: (relationship between strength of electric current, electromotive force, and circuit resistance) Georg S. Ohm, Germany, 1827.

Oil well: Edwin L. Drake, U.S., 1859.

Oxygen: (isolation of) Joseph Priestley, 1774; Carl Scheele, 1773.

Ozone: Christian Schönbein, Germany, 1839.

Pacemaker: (internal) Clarence W. Lillehie, Earl Bakk, U.S., 1957.

Paper China, c.100 A.D.

Parachute: Louis S. Lenormand, France, 1783.

Pen: (fountain) Lewis E. Waterman, U.S., 1884; (ball-point, for marking on rough surfaces) John H. Loud, U.S., 1888; (ball-point, for handwriting) Lazlo Biro, Argentina, 1944.

Periodic law: (that properties of elements are functions of their atomic weights) Dmitri Mendeleev, Russia, 1869.

Periodic table: (arrangement of chemical elements based on periodic law) Dmitri Mendeleev, Russia, 1869.

Phonograph: Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1877.

Photography: (first paper negative, first photograph, on metal) Joseph Nicéphore Niepce, France, 1816–1827; (discovery of fixative powers of hyposulfite of soda) Sir John Herschel, England, 1819; (first direct positive image on silver plate, the daguerreotype) Louis Daguerre, based on work with Niepce, France, 1839; (first paper negative from which a number of positive prints could be made) William Talbot, England, 1841. Work of these four men, taken together, forms basis for all modern photography. (First color images) Alexandre Becquerel, Claude Niepce de Saint-Victor, France, 1848–1860; (commercial color film with three emulsion layers, Kodachrome) U.S., 1935.

Photovoltaic effect: (light falling on certain materials can produce electricity) Edmund Becquerel, France, 1839.

Piano: (Hammerklavier) Bartolommeo Cristofori, Italy, 1709; (pianoforte with sustaining and damper pedals) John Broadwood, England, 1873.

Planetary motion, laws of: Johannes Kepler, Germany, 1609, 1619.

Plant respiration and photosynthesis: Jan Ingenhousz, Holland, 1779.

Plastics: (first material, nitrocellulose softened by vegetable oil, camphor, precursor to Celluloid) Alexander Parkes, England, 1855; (Celluloid, involving recognition of vital effect of camphor) John W. Hyatt, U.S., 1869; (Bakelite, first completely synthetic plastic) Leo H. Baekeland, U.S., 1910; (theoretical background of macromolecules and process of polymerization on which modern plastics industry rests) Hermann Staudinger, Germany, 1922.

Plate tectonics: Alfred Wegener, Germany, 1912–1915.

Plow, forked: Mesopotamia, before 3000 B.C.

Plutonium, synthesis of: Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, U.S., 1941.

Polio, vaccine: (experimentally safe dead-virus vaccine) Jonas E. Salk, U.S., 1952; (effective large-scale field trials) 1954; (officially approved) 1955; (safe oral live-virus vaccine developed) Albert B. Sabin, U.S., 1954; (available in the U.S.) 1960.

Positron: Carl D. Anderson, U.S., 1932.

Pressure cooker: (early version) Denis Papin, France, 1679.

Printing: (block) Japan, c.700; (movable type) Korea, c.1400; Johann Gutenberg, Germany, c.1450 (lithography, offset) Aloys Senefelder, Germany, 1796; (rotary press) Richard Hoe, U.S., 1844; (linotype) Ottmar Mergenthaler, U.S., 1884.

Probability theory: René Descartes, France; and Pierre de Fermat, Switzerland, 1654.

Proton: Ernest Rutherford, England, 1919.

Prozac: (antidepressant fluoxetine) Bryan B. Malloy, Scotland, and Klaus K. Schmiegel, U.S., 1972; (released for use in U.S.) Eli Lilly & Company, 1987.

Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud, Austria, c.1904.

Pulsars: Antony Hewish and Jocelyn Bell Burnel, England, 1967.

Quantum theory: (general) Max Planck, Germany, 1900; (sub-atomic) Niels Bohr, Denmark, 1913; (quantum mechanics) Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Germany, 1925.

Quarks: Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall, Richard Taylor, U.S., 1967.

Quasars: Marten Schmidt, U.S., 1963.

Rabies immunization: Louis Pasteur, France, 1885.

Radar: (limited to one-mile range) Christian Hulsmeyer, Germany, 1904; (pulse modulation, used for measuring height of ionosphere) Gregory Breit, Merle Tuve, U.S., 1925; (first practical radar—radio detection and ranging) Sir Robert Watson-Watt, England, 1934–1935.

Radio: (electromagnetism, theory of) James Clerk Maxwell, England, 1873; (spark coil, generator of electromagnetic waves) Heinrich Hertz, Germany, 1886; (first practical system of wireless telegraphy) Guglielmo Marconi, Italy, 1895; (first long-distance telegraphic radio signal sent across the Atlantic) Marconi, 1901; (vacuum electron tube, basis for radio telephony) Sir John Fleming, England, 1904; (triode amplifying tube) Lee de Forest, U.S., 1906; (regenerative circuit, allowing long-distance sound reception) Edwin H. Armstrong, U.S., 1912; (frequency modulation—FM) Edwin H. Armstrong, U.S., 1933.

Radioactivity: (X-rays) Wilhelm K. Roentgen, Germany, 1895; (radioactivity of uranium) Henri Becquerel, France, 1896; (radioactive elements, radium and polonium in uranium ore) Marie Sklodowska-Curie, Pierre Curie, France, 1898; (classification of alpha and beta particle radiation) Pierre Curie, France, 1900; (gamma radiation) Paul-Ulrich Villard, France, 1900.

Radiocarbon dating, carbon-14 method: (discovered) 1947, Willard F. Libby, U.S.; (first demonstrated) U.S., 1950.

Radio signals, extraterrestrial: first known radio noise signals were received by U.S. engineer, Karl Jansky, originating from the Galactic Center, 1931.

Radio waves: (cosmic sources, led to radio astronomy) Karl Jansky, U.S., 1932.

Razor: (safety, successfully marketed) King Gillette, U.S., 1901; (electric) Jacob Schick, U.S., 1928, 1931.

Reaper: Cyrus McCormick, U.S., 1834.

Refrigerator: Alexander Twining, U.S., James Harrison, Australia, 1850; (first with a compressor device) the Domelse, Chicago, U.S., 1913.

Refrigerator ship: (first) the Frigorifique, cooling unit designed by Charles Teller, France, 1877.

Relativity: (special and general theories of) Albert Einstein, Switzerland, Germany, U.S., 1905–1953.

Revolver: Samuel Colt, U.S., 1835.

Richter scale: Charles F. Richter, U.S., 1935.

Rifle: (muzzle-loaded) Italy, Germany, c.1475; (breech-loaded) England, France, Germany, U.S., c.1866; (bolt-action) Paul von Mauser, Germany, 1889; (automatic) John Browning, U.S., 1918.

Rocket: (liquid-fueled) Robert Goddard, U.S., 1926.

Roller bearing: (wooden for cartwheel) Germany or France, c.100 B.C.

Rotation of Earth: Jean Bernard Foucault, France, 1851.

Royal Observatory, Greenwich: established in 1675 by Charles II of England; John Flamsteed first Astronomer Royal.

Rubber: (vulcanization process) Charles Goodyear, U.S., 1839.

Saccharin: Constantine Fuhlberg, Ira Remsen, U.S., 1879.

Safety pin: Walter Hunt, U.S., 1849.

Saturn, ring around: Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1659.

“Scotch” tape:Richard Drew, U.S., 1929.

Screw propeller: Sir Francis P. Smith, England, 1836; John Ericsson, England, worked independently of and simultaneously with Smith, 1837.

Seismograph: (first accurate) John Milne, England, 1880.

Sewing machine: Elias Howe, U.S., 1846; (continuous stitch) Isaac Singer, U.S., 1851.  

Solar energy: First realistic application of solar energy using parabolic solar reflector to drive caloric engine on steam boiler, John Ericsson, U.S., 1860s.

Solar system, universe: (Sun-centered universe) Nicolaus Copernicus, Warsaw, 1543; (establishment of planetary orbits as elliptical) Johannes Kepler, Germany, 1609; (infinity of universe) Giordano Bruno, Italian monk, 1584.

Spectrum: (heterogeneity of light) Sir Isaac Newton, England, 1665–1666.

Spectrum analysis: Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen, Germany, 1859.

Spermatozoa: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, The Netherlands, 1683.

Spinning: (spinning wheel) India, introduced to Europe in Middle Ages; (Saxony wheel, continuous spinning of wool or cotton yarn) England, c.1500–1600; (spinning jenny) James Hargreaves, England, 1764; (spinning frame) Sir Richard Arkwright, England, 1769; (spinning mule, completed mechanization of spinning, permitting production of yarn to keep up with demands of modern looms) Samuel Crompton, England, 1779.

Star catalog: (first modern) Tycho Brahe, Denmark, 1572.

Steam engine: (first commercial version based on principles of French physicist Denis Papin) Thomas Savery, England, 1639; (atmospheric steam engine) Thomas Newcomen, England, 1705; (steam engine for pumping water from collieries) Savery, Newcomen, 1725; (modern condensing, double acting) James Watt, England, 1782.

Steamship: Claude de Jouffroy d’Abbans, France, 1783; James Rumsey, U.S., 1787; John Fitch, U.S., 1790. All preceded Robert Fulton, U.S., 1807, credited with launching first commercially successful steamship.

Stethoscope: René Laënnec, France, 1819.

Sulfa drugs: (parent compound, para-aminobenzenesulfanomide) Paul Gelmo, Austria, 1908; (antibacterial activity) Gerhard Domagk, Germany, 1935.

Superconductivity: (theory) Bardeen, Cooper, Scheiffer, U.S., 1957.

Symbolic logic: George Boule, 1854; (modern) Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, England, 1910–1913.

Tank, military: Sir Ernest Swinton, England, 1914.

Tape recorder: (magnetic steel tape) Valdemar Poulsen, Denmark, 1899.

Teflon: DuPont, U.S., 1943.

Telegraph: Samuel F. B. Morse, U.S., 1837.

Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell, U.S., 1876.

Telescope: Hans Lippershey, The Netherlands, 1608; (astronomical) Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1609; (reflecting) Isaac Newton, England, 1668.

Television: (Iconoscope–T.V. camera table), Vladimir Zworkin, U.S., 1923, and also kinescope (cathode ray tube), 1928; (mechanical disk-scanning method) successfully demonstrated by J.K. Baird, England, C.F. Jenkins, U.S., 1926; (first all-electric television image), 1927, Philo T. Farnsworth, U.S; (color, mechanical disk) Baird, 1928; (color, compatible with black and white) George Valensi, France, 1938; (color, sequential rotating filter) Peter Goldmark, U.S., first introduced, 1951; (color, compatible with black and white) commercially introduced in U.S., National Television Systems Committee, 1953.

Thermodynamics: (first law: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another) Julius von Mayer, Germany, 1842; James Joule, England, 1843; (second law: heat cannot of itself pass from a colder to a warmer body) Rudolph Clausius, Germany, 1850; (third law: the entropy of ordered solids reaches zero at the absolute zero of temperature) Walter Nernst, Germany, 1918.

Thermometer: (open-column) Galileo Galilei, c.1593; (clinical) Santorio Santorio, Padua, c.1615; (mercury, also Fahrenheit scale) Gabriel D. Fahrenheit, Germany, 1714; (centigrade scale) Anders Celsius, Sweden, 1742; (absolute-temperature, or Kelvin, scale) William Thompson, Lord Kelvin, England, 1848.

Tire, pneumatic: Robert W. Thompson, England, 1845; (bicycle tire) John B. Dunlop, Northern Ireland, 1888.

Toilet, flush: Product of Minoan civilization, Crete, c. 2000 B.C. Alleged invention by “Thomas Crapper” is untrue.

Tractor: Benjamin Holt, U.S., 1900.

Transformer, electric: William Stanley, U.S., 1885.

Transistor: John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, William B. Shockley, U.S., 1947.

Tuberculosis bacterium: Robert Koch, Germany, 1882.

Typewriter: Christopher Sholes, Carlos Glidden, U.S., 1867.

Uncertainty principle: (that position and velocity of an object cannot both be measured exactly, at the same time) Werner Heisenberg, Germany, 1927.

Uranus: (first planet discovered in recorded history) William Herschel, England, 1781.

Vaccination: Edward Jenner, England, 1796.

Vacuum cleaner: (manually operated) Ives W. McGaffey, 1869; (electric) Hubert C. Booth, England, 1901; (upright) J. Murray Spangler, U.S., 1907.

Van Allen (radiation) Belt: (around Earth) James Van Allen, U.S., 1958.

Video disk: Philips Co., The Netherlands, 1972.

Vitamins: (hypothesis of disease deficiency) Sir F. G. Hopkins, Casimir Funk, England, 1912; (vitamin A) Elmer V. McCollum, M. Davis, U.S., 1912–1914; (vitamin B) McCollum, U.S., 1915–1916; (thiamin, B1) Casimir Funk, England, 1912; (riboflavin, B2) D. T. Smith, E. G. Hendrick, U.S., 1926; (niacin) Conrad Elvehjem, U.S., 1937; (B6) Paul Gyorgy, U.S., 1934; (vitamin C) C. A. Hoist, T. Froelich, Norway, 1912; (vitamin D) McCollum, U.S., 1922; (folic acid) Lucy Wills, England, 1933.

Voltaic pile: (forerunner of modern battery, first source of continuous electric current) Alessandro Volta, Italy, 1800.

Wallpaper: Europe, 16th and 17th century.

Wassermann test: (for syphilis) August von Wassermann, Germany, 1906.

Wheel: (cart, solid wood) Mesopotamia, c.3800–3600 B.C.

Windmill: Persia, c.600.

World Wide Web: (developed while working at CERN) Tim Berners-Lee, England, 1989; (development of Mosaic browser makes WWW available for general use) Marc Andreeson, U.S., 1993.

Xerography: Chester Carlson, U.S., 1938.

Zero: India, c.600; (absolute zero temperature, cessation of all molecular energy) William Thompson, Lord Kelvin, England, 1848.

Zipper: W. L. Judson, U.S., 1891.