#Nieuport XI

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N996 / "N556", Nieuport XI “Bébé”, Musee de l'Air et Espace, Le Bourget, 05-06-2022 by Gordon Riley Via Flickr: N556, was flown by Commandant Charles Tricornot de Rose while serving as Chef des Escadrons in the Verdun sector in 1916, and bears his personal rose symbol on the sides of the fuselage. De Rose was apparently France's first military pilot to complete the training program established at the first military flying school at Pau - the military pilot badge No.1 was issued to then-Lieutenant de Rose in 1911. De Rose, who had created one of the first French specialized fighter squadrons (Escadrille MS12, later designated N12 when they replaced their Morane-Saulnier aircraft with Nieuports), organized the first large-scale French fighter grouping during the Verdun campaign (gathering Escadrilles N12, N15, N31, N65, N67, N67, N69, N124 and a detachment from N3 together for the purpose), and was instrumental in wresting air superiority away from the Germans over that sector in early 1916. De Rose was killed in an airplane crash on 11 May 1916, at the age of 40. The only surviving original Nieuport 11, on display at the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace just outside Paris, France, has been finished/painted to represent de Rose's aircraft, but it is not his actual plane.

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Nieuport 11 Late-Marking Options

Copper State Models [CSM] revealed the details for five different marking options on the upcoming 1:32 scale Nieuport 11. 32014 Nieuport XI Late markings! Only for early-bird orders (placed within October 2024) Receive a 3D-printed Le Rhone 80 HP engine (worth 14.00EUR) for free! 32013 Nieuport 11 Early and 32014 Nieuport 11 Late are now available for…

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The Germans shot down near the French Nieuport XI

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Jean Navarre

08/08/1895- Jouy-sur-Morin, 10/07/1919- Villacoublay

One of the pioneer flying aces, credited with 12 confirmed aerial victories, plus 15 unconfirmed.

Jean and his twin brother Pierre are the first of the 11 children of engineer André Navarre and his wife, musician Jeanne de Coëscon.

Jean is an unruly child, as well as his twin. They are frequently expelled from school. He is even sent to an English pension, which he runs away from. His father tries to have him work  in his factory to calm him down, but Jean doesn't stay. The only thing he really cares about, as well as Pierre, is the nascent aviation.

In June 1914, he enters the Ecole Aéronautique of the Caudron brothers, two months before war breaks out. He lies to get into the army (about his age, flying capacities, and having the necessary civilian diploma).

He learns. He is still notoriously undisciplined. In 1915 he joins in Muizon the first fighting squadron , the M.S.12, commanded by Lieutenant de Bernis, and gains his first victory on April 1, forcing a German plane to land behind the French lines. Named sergeant, he earns the military medal. He will score six more victories that same month, but only two are accredited (the French system of accreditation for aerial victories is the hardest among the Allies). He will be made a Knight of the Legion d'Honneur in June; after this, the squadron, now the N. 12, will mostly fight with the Nieuport XI "Bébé".

In 1916, Navarre joins the N67 and flies over the great battlefield of Verdun. He is often seen fighting german planes (even if he "forgets" to ask for permission to take off) and is nicknamed "the Sentinel of Verdun".

He gains there a well-deserved reputation, generally flying solo for lengthy hours at a spell, tracking enemy aircraft from below and behind, machine gun at the ready.  Flying the Nieuport 11 aircraft he downs two German aircraft in a single day on 25 February, the first Frenchman to achieve the feat.

Navarre flying over Verdun in his plane adorned with the French colors

Navarre also famously flew with a bright red plane, before Manfred von Richtofen did.

On April 1, he is appointed second lieutenant and joins the club of the Aces (pilots with more than 5 approved victories). One of his techniques consists in attacking wheels in the air while taking advantage of the enemy's surprise to strafe him. When he is not flying, Jean Navarre loves to party, drinks more than he can and commits many escapades (including a landing on the roof of a building in 1916). He is therefore frequently, but very temporarily, under arrest or in prison. Actually, the man does not fear anyone, neither the Germans, nor his hierarchy. In May 1916, he is the first French pilot to count 10 approved victories, victories for which there are several witnesses or when the enemy plane fell back into the French lines. These will be his last fights because in June he is very seriously injured in a duel over the Ardennes, however managing to land his plane in Sainte-Menehould.

On 17 June 1916 Navarre's aircraft is shot down above the Argonne, an accident which brings with it the severe head wound that ultimately led to Navarre spending some two years in a Parisian asylum; at around this time his twin brother is similarly involved in a (fatal) air accident.  Navarre's aerial tally at the time has reached 12, and he is the first Frenchman to be considered an 'ace' (reaching five victories).

He then has 12 accredited victories but in reality he obtained more than double that. A few months later, on November 15, 1916, he is very affected by his twin brother’s death, Pierre Navarre, who had followed him in the Air Force. Drinking heavily, nervously strained, he resumes his training in 1917, but does something irreparable on the night of April 10-11, 1917, while on leave in Paris, when he runs into several police officers with his automobile. He injures one of them, stops to help him, but is attacked by the other officer and escapes into the night. Arrested by the gendarmerie at his squadron, he is imprisoned and tried but military doctors declare him irresponsible for his actions, recognizing what modern psychiatrists would qualify as post-traumatic stress syndrome.

The doctors' report states "We can say that he would not have committed the fault he is currently accused of if he had not been in this clearly pathological phase which followed his injury and concussion, and which was aggravated by the moral shock caused by his brother's death”.

Jean Navarre, wounded.

In a rest home for the rest of the war, Navarre never returns to the front. Doctors will only accept that he goes training again in September 1918. War is over. Navarre doesn't want to leave the aviation and dreams of crossing the Atlantic or flying under the Arc de Triomphe. He won't have the time.

Engaged by Morane-Saulnier, he does demonstration flights for the clients, and is also known for his aerial acrobatics.

On July 10, 1919, while gliding down to earth, he hits a wall and dies on the spot. He isn’t yet 24.

His funeral happens on July 12 in the chapel of the Dominique Larrey Hospital of Versailles. He is buried in Tartas (Landes) where his family originates from, alongside his twin.

Famous for his boldness, he is credited with the first double & quadruple victory of WW1.

His behaviour wasn't accepted by all, but his way of flying was unamously admired by his peers.

“The Eagle Twins”, Pierre & Jean Navarre

Pierre, his twin, starts the War in the Infantry; he was at last transferred to aviation, but only had time to know victory once, in the battle of Verdun, before he was killed. He was known for his bravery and drive .He dies in a plane accident in November 15, 1916 - having been just transferred to the N67 with his brother. He is 21.

Pierre Navarre

An anecdote among many:

Stationed in Brias (Somme), on a rainy day, there was nothing to do. He decides to go for a trip to Amiens accompanied by an observer officer while he is placed in custody for having done prohibited spins in the air. They go to eat pastries and drink port. He takes off to return but before he has a meeting above the city and they throw bouquets of flowers in the main street. Seeing a young woman waving to them from her balcony, he lands again in the countryside and they go to their admirer who offers them more port. To spend the night in town Navarre calls their captain, claiming the plane to be broken down. The next day, out of camaraderie, the team of mechanics who came to repair the plane which is in perfect condition does not breathe a word about this matter.

What did his peers think of him ? Not all of them appreciated his temper or, especially, his misdemeanours, but many had praise for him.

"He had a courage that can only be compared to that of Guynemer or Nungesser and the skill of Fonck. Most ignore the fantastic work he did in Verdun. He possessed a spontaneous generosity and even a natural delicacy of feelings that only those who knew him closely could appreciate "

Captain P. de Bernis, his squadron leader.

"Navarre, who was believed to be my rival, was above all my friend, it was he who was one of the first, along with this brave Guynemer, to launch single-seater hunting. I have always had a deep admiration for him, whom I consider of very first class, both from an manoeuvers point of view and from a shooting precision point of view "

Charles Nungesser (43 wins).

"If he doesn't kill himself, he will surpass us all"

Roland Garros

"He was generous: every time he fought in the company of another he" gave him "the plane that was shot down, unless that plane fell in our lines, which was rare!"

"Jean Navarre's generosity was also manifested during the fighting. Before the hell of Verdun, he maneuvered and fired in such a way as to force the enemy plane to land. This result obtained, he landed near him, took the crew under his protection, even going so far as to invite them to his table. If there was a dead man, he ensured him a decent burial. "

René Fisch, fighter pilot for the N 23, squadron based in Vadelaincourt.

Sources:

www.navarre-jean.com

wikipedia

firstworldward.com

Navarre, Sentinelle de Verdun - Jacques Mortane

A short bio in English:

http://donhollway.com/jeannavarre/

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Autochrome photo of pilot Jean Chaput from the N57 Escadrille in front of his Nieuport XI, April 1916.

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Congreve rockets on Nieuport XI

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Once the high-wing, fabric-covered Bleiriot XI, an original airplane dating back once again to 1911, had arced skyward, although fleetingly, from Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's going, green grass area straddled on either side by the red, orange, and yellow October-brushed woods similar to the 1910 and 1920 barnstorming days, it'd seemed as though this period of aviation had instantly been resurrected.

Found on tiny, easily-missed Norton Road on the east part of the Hudson Lake maybe not not even close to the ancient community of Rhinebeck, New York, equidistant from the Taconic State Parkway and the New York State Thruway, Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome is both history of, and start of, one person's dream. Unlike several people's dreams, nevertheless, his actually got true, although not till years of perseverance, commitment, and effort had developed them in to reality buy uppababy vista stroller.

That individual have been Cole Palen, born John H. Palen, Jr., and that dream had been the recreation of the classic period of aviation through a living history memorial wherever vintage aircraft could regularly fly.

Having grown up close to the previous Poughkeepsie Airport in New York, Palen had attained his Airframe and Powerplant license at the Roosevelt Aviation College on Extended Island and had therefore received his Private Pilot License, investing in a Piper Cub. The seeds of his aerodrome had been planted when he'd based six partially- and fully-assembled old-fashioned aircraft in 1951 at Roosevelt Subject which had to be satisfied for a new searching mall. After bidding his life savings, he'd received them. The positioning had therefore become popular as the starting place of Lindbergh's alone transatlantic journey and Palen's final Previous Rhinebeck Aerodrome. Paris, the former's destination, had been 3,500 miles away, whilst the Palen farm in Rhinebeck, the latter's destination, had been only 100 miles out, yet had taken far lengthier to reach.

Following storage in forgotten chicken coops, the six airplane, made up of a 1917 SPAD XII, a 1918 Normal J-1, a 1914 Avro 504K, a 1918 Curtiss Jenny, a 1918 Sopwith Snipe 7F1, and a 1918 Aeromarine 39B, had formed his preliminary fleet and the "aerodrome" had been composed of a 1,000-foot-long, difficult, swamp-drained removing named a "runway" and just one elementary making providing as a "hangar" on a plot of farmland he had consequently purchased. Additional airplane acquisitions-and areas of them-had widened the generally biplane selection, after substantial restoration and reconstruction vee bee bouncer .

Always motivated by his desire for vintage aviation, he'd extended to develop the raw aerodrome, but it'd taken on new indicating when it had attracted community interest. An initial air display, executed before a crowd of 25 with a small number of World War I airplane, had happened in 1960 and had gave to a scheduled one presented on the final Wednesday of all the summer season by 1967. Aerodrome improvements had led to the lengthening of the lawn reel to 1,500 and finally 2,000 legs, and the airplane had comprised the biggest, privately owned selection in the northeast.

During the 1970s, the air show had been used every Saturday and Sunday, temperature letting, from May to October, and 40 authentic and reproduction airplane with unique motors had composed the fleet. Five have been utilized in the recording of "Those Magnificent Guys within their Flying Machines."

Three steel, quonset hut-like hangars, constructed between 1963 and 1964 and located towards the top of a tiny slope above the main dirt-and-grass parking lot, home Leader, World War I, and Lindbergh era plane nowadays, across from the new memorial service and a small gift shop. Nevertheless the aerodrome it self, on another part of Norton Path, is reached by way of a wooden covered link which acts as more than simply an entrance to a grass subject; instead, it serves as an occasion portal to the barnstorming period of aviation, an old dimension somehow caught and maintained in time.

The hangers, like unaware of the calendar, happily courageous the winds, displaying such titles as Albatros Werke, Elegant Plane Factory Farnborough, A.V. Roe and Organization, Ltd., and Fokker. But it's the multitude of mono-, bi-, and triplanes which most fiercely wrestles with one's present-time conception.

The present air display program, which operates from mid-June to mid-October, functions the "History of Journey" show on Saturdays, with pioneer aircraft like the Bleriot XI, the Curtiss D pusher, and the Hanriot, whilst the "World Conflict I" display on Sundays contains styles including the Albatros, the Avro 504K, the Caudron G.III, the Curtiss JN-4D Jenny, the Fokker D.VII, the Fokker Dr.I, the Nieuport II, the Sopwith Camel, the SPAD VII, the Davis D1W, the de Havviland Lion Moth, and the Good Seas 2T-1R. Biplane rides in four-passenger New Standard D-25s are shown before and after the reveals, while viewers can enjoy the fleet either in hangars or on the grass aerodrome while having lunch on outdoor picnic platforms at the Aerodrome Canteen.

Market volunteers, sporting Victorian, Edwardian, and 1920s gown, provide fashion shows after changing in the aerodrome's simple, track-mounted, red caboose, often transported past spectators in vintage cars like a 1909 Renault, a 1916 Studebaker, and a 1914 Design T Speedster. Period music completes the scene.

The air shows themselves, which feature only treetop-high sprints of the master airplane before immediate relandings on the grass, otherwise provide more dramatic maneuvers of the Earth War I and Lindbergh era types, including aerobatics, dogfights, blast raids, device breaks, parachutists, and "Delsey drives."

Many air display "heroes" have developed over time and now contain "Previous Rhinebeck popular" names such as the Black Baron, Trudy Truelove, Friend Percey Goodfellow, Specialist O'Malley, the Keystone Officers, Madame Fifi, and the Traveling Farmer.

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Nieuport 11 Early-Marking Options

Copper State Models [CSM] revealed the details for five different marking options on the upcoming 1:32 scale Nieuport 11 Early You asked and we delivered! 32013 Nieuport XI Early markings, next week will publish the LATE Nieuport XI markings, those will be great as well! Only for early-bird orders (placed within October 2024) Receive a 3D-printed Le Rhone 80 HP engine (worth 14.00EUR) for…

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Nieuport XI Bébé in Paris by Johnny Comstedt Via Flickr: Cn 976 built in 1915 marked French Army N976 now falsely marked N556. In Le Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget Airport, Paris, France 13. May 2014.

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Nieuport 11 C1 Bebe replica in Lelystad by Johnny Comstedt Via Flickr: In Luchtvaart Themapark Aviodrome at Lelystad Airport, Netherlands 10. April 2019.

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Nieuport XI Bébé in Paris by Johnny Comstedt Via Flickr: Cn 976 built in 1915 marked French Army N976 now falsely marked N556. In Le Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget Airport, Paris, France 13. May 2014.

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Nieuport XI Bebé in Paris by Johnny Comstedt Via Flickr: Cn 976 built in 1915 marked French Army N976 now falsely marked N556. In Le Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget Airport, Paris, France 13. May 2014.

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Scale replica Nieuport 11 ‘N437’ by Alan Wilson Via Flickr: 7/8th scale replica in Lafeyette Escadrille markings. The unit was a French Air Force fighter squadron made up largely of American volunteer pilots and has recently (April2016) celebrated its 100th Anniversary. The replica was privately constructed and then donated for permanent display. On display at the March Field Air Museum, Riverside, CA, USA. 28-2-2016

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NIEUPORT XI "Bébé Nieuport " by Aerofossile2012 Via Flickr: Exposition Verdun,La guerre Aerienne,MAE 15 Oct 2016 - 29 JAN 2017.

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NIEUPORT XI "Bébé Nieuport " by Aerofossile2012 Via Flickr: Le Rhône 80 ch. Exposition Verdun,La guerre Aerienne,MAE 15 Oct 2016 - 29 JAN 2017.

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NIEUPORT XI "Bébé Nieuport " by Aerofossile2012 Via Flickr: Exposition Verdun,La guerre Aerienne,MAE 15 Oct 2016 - 29 JAN 2017.