#NextGenerationHotspot

[globalreachtechnology]

5G and Wi-Fi 6: Can the 'Romans and Gauls' Ever Work Together?

By Chris Bruce, Managing Director, GlobalReach Technology

The last 20 years has seen the case for cellular and Wi-Fi convergence grow stronger

A former colleague of mine posed this rhetorical question more than 10 years ago at an early Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA) conference in London.

Can the structured, controlled and methodical world of mobile operators marry with the somewhat anarchic, innovative and unpredictable world of Wi-Fi? Or will they be forever disparate, discrete and dislocated? Will the cellular purists and the Wi-Fi separatists ever see eye to eye?

Recently, I presented at the HTNG (Hospitality Technology Next Generation) Europe Conference in Monte Carlo and the question still remains. Monaco is a place that’s hit the headlines recently for deploying a comprehensive 5G network but, with no disrespect to the principality intended, it is not the largest land mass to cover everywhere. 

This coverage question is a topic I addressed in my session ‘5G is Here Today, but How Can it be EVERYWHERE? followed with a panel moderated by Dayna Kully, 5th Gen Wireless and with Yvette Vincent, Delaware North.

The hype might have us believe that ubiquitous 5G connectivity is here, but for enterprises like hotels, retailers and transport providers who are addressing the challenges and costs of offering wireless internet indoors, should 5G try and be everywhere, when it is possible, more practical and more cost-effective to co-exist with Wi-Fi 6 infrastructure?

There were historic reasons why the two wireless technologies (and cultures) were distinct. Wi-Fi has been called a ‘polite’ technology which grew up in a crowded space of unlicensed spectrum. Wi-Fi devices expect to be in a crowded space and listen to see if other devices are already using the radio band. Cellular, by contrast, has assumed that it ‘owned’ the band that it had licensed and so had no need to give way. It has had a carte blanche to broadcast, filling up fast as more connected devices - and the revolutionary iPhone - hit the market and consumer demand grew.

Popular opinion from the cellular camp was that with each new device launch was that 3G (and subsequently 4G and 5G), would see the end of Wi-Fi. But this has not transpired. Interestingly, Apple first introduced the groundbreaking iPhone as a 'Wi-Fi only' device. Meanwhile, mobile operators who negotiated initial country distribution exclusivity for a 3G and Wi-Fi variant saw a huge uptake in the new smartphone sales and a tremendous upsurge cellular data usage which then began the first attempts at rudimentary 3G offload. I note that again Apple has not been to be first to market with a 5G handset but that the new 11 Pro and Pro Max support Wi-Fi 6.

Today, huge investments are being made in 5G and the hype has seeped through to politicians and the general public. If all stated ambitions are to be believed billions could be spent on 5G networks globally. And yes, 5G certainly has the potential to be truly transformational in certain circumstances - but so has Wi-Fi 6. The fact is that not one cellular generation so far has dampened Wi-Fi’s fire. Quite the reverse.

Every new 'G' has been good for Wi-Fi

As Keerti Melkote, President, Intelligent Edge and Founder, Aruba Networks said, “Every G has been good to Wi-Fi” - sales of Wi-Fi devices have accelerated with each cellular network technology revision and as time has shown, the deep gulf between the two has been bridged increasingly as visionaries from both sides converge in both their underlying thinking, their technologies and cultures. Indeed, developers from both sides have pinched some of each other’s clothes.

Cellular, originally an architecture designed for voice-based services has now become more data-centric and Wi-Fi, a ‘small cell’ data technology which 15 years ago was a best-efforts service, has become more carrier-grade. As cellular has progressed through its generations, so has Wi-Fi.

Small cells means more cells

Radiophysics generally dictates that the smaller cell the higher data speeds can be supported. So achieving the 5G promise will require a substantial if not exponential increase in cell numbers. This will mean an expensive search for sites, along with the associated challenges and costs of site acquisition. Let alone the equipment and backhaul costs.

Why the continued discord?

Like so much in the world, education and misunderstanding are a problem.

Despite technical advancement, ten years after my colleague posed the question, one of the largest European operators at the WBA Wireless Global Congress last month compared Wi-Fi as it was (802.11ac) with 5G New Radio as it will be. The comparison was a puzzle to the Wi-Fi delegates listening, just like comparing Wi-Fi 6 (which available and being deployed today) with 2G. Another impossible red herring.

Among the standards bodies, the battle for unlicensed spectrum also rages. Cellular and Wi-Fi equipment vendors and standards organisations cannot agree on the best use of the 6 GHz band - which offers increased capacity for both. We are close to a point beyond reason, where views are so entrenched and based on IP protection rather than what the operator market might adopt or what’s best for the consumer.

Let’s reframe the conversation

From users’ point of view, they do not care which technology or which bearer carries their data session, just so long as the cost and user experience meet expectations. Our own experience at Global Reach is that the more enlightened operators don’t care either. Here’s why:

Let’s reframe the conversation and make a sensible side-by-side comparison between the current generation of Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi 6) and cellular (5G). When it’s apples versus apples, the spider diagram shows how Wi-Fi 6 devices that are conformant to the IEEE target designs will outperform the 3GPP target designs for 5G New Radio in terms of lower latency, higher user data rates and traffic capacity and equally efficient in terms of spectrum use and connection density.

Yes, cellular outperforms Wi-Fi on mobility and network efficiency, but today’s Wi-Fi 6 is already shipping and is a step change on previous generations of Wi-Fi. The transformational use cases for AI, robotics, augmented reality and virtual reality, digital transformation and business process improvement seem as equally suited to Wi-Fi connectivity as 5G - especially indoors and with low mobility requirements. The concept of edge computing for mobile networks to enable such applications dependent on low latency was originally termed mobile edge computing. This has now been refined to multi-access edge computing, acknowledging the RAN (Radio Access Network) edge may be Wi-Fi or other radio technologies, and not just cellular.

The more open-minded and enlightened mobile operators are building networks where Wi-Fi co-exists with 5G New Radio as part of a heterogeneous RAN - to smooth average equipment and deployment costs, and to provide the best technology to suit the particular use case and target cost point.

Operators have for many years used Wi-Fi for better coverage in dense urban areas and for seamless offload paired with Hotspot 2.0 to deliver a seamless and secure experience without user intervention. Indeed Global Reach first deployed this in an outdoor network in San Francisco and San Jose, California in 2014 and more recently in New York City, offloading terabytes of data daily. And where the backhaul is sufficient for the demand, consumers are receiving a better mobile data experience as a result and in most cases they neither know nor care what technology is being used.

This isn’t a 5G versus Wi-Fi 6 numbers debate, it’s taking the best from both to enhance the user’s experience and operator’s capability.  

Money too tight to mention

In basic Capex (Capital Expenditure) terms, not considering Wi-Fi as part of a next-generation network could hurt mobile operators’ profits.

Marc Allera, CEO of EE, the UK’s biggest mobile operator, publicly stated in the summer of 2019 that despite the clear improvements of 5G over 4G, consumers will not have to pay more for 5G. 

Also in the UK, Mark Evans, CEO Telefonica UK seems to agree. When he launched the O2 5G data plans in October 2019 with a fanfare, the key message was that there would be no premium pricing over their 4G service.

Moreover, experts from the semiconductor industry tell me that 5G chipsets (and the embedded IP) are considerably more expensive than Wi-Fi 6 in terms of basic equipment costs. This added to the difficulties of indoor radio propagation through walls and glass that 5G faces when operating in higher bands, deployment costs seem to be challenging. Then small cells mean more cells and that costs, with the added task of finding and acquiring new sites and provisioning suitable high-speed backhaul.

So, if all the operators deploy 5G and this becomes ‘table stakes’ to compete, and all things being equal, market shares may stay broadly where they are today, then why wouldn’t CFOs challenge the Capex and Opex (Operating Expenditure) costs of a pure 5G network rollout and looks for more cost effective solutions?

At a time when the next generation of network will require a significant Capex investment but with no extra end-user revenue forecast, margins may be dependant on operators trying to minimise costs by using a hybrid network platform. 5G network slicing techniques and Wi-Fi policy management make this smart management possible.

Admittedly through a technique, Ericsson calls Dynamic Spectrum Sharing it has found a neat way to upgrade an existing 4G LTE network with 5G capability as a software drop, thus avoiding a slow and costly ‘truck roll’. The trouble is that will only upgrade the same existing sites and 5G is likely to need many many more. So it’s a good start but it does not solve the outdoor contiguous coverage challenge, let alone tackle indoor coverage.

Meanwhile the Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA), with its ecosystem of Wi-Fi and cellular operators and the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Alliance, which represents mobile network operators has already produced findings on how 5G New Radio and Wi-Fi 6 might work together in a converged platform to optimise user experience and manage the cost of deploying a new network infrastructure.

In the words of the Wireless Broadband Alliance in its latest whitepaper, Wi-Fi 6 Deployment Guidelines and Scenarios, “While this investment may pay dividends in five (or more) years, with the launch of Wi-Fi 6 in 2019, Wi-Fi is already evolving to meet the growing demand for wireless data.”

Cellular operators and enterprises (such as in hospitality) have the opportunity to take advantage of this convergence now and deliver a best-connected service to their customers and adopt a pragmatic approach to capital spend. Convergence abolished much of what had kept the cellular and Wi-Fi worlds apart. When providing the best customer experience, effective resource management and capital expense control is riding on choosing the right connectivity technologies, it’s time to kick down what remains of the paper walls and embrace Wi-Fi 6 and 5G hybrid networks.

Perhaps 2020 is the year that new age Cellular ‘Romans’ and Wi-Fi ‘Gauls’ can finally work together with the operators and their customers in mind.

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Chris Bruce is Managing Director, GlobalReach Technology, a leading provider of Wi-Fi authentication services, Ex-Chair / Co-Chair and current Board Member of the Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA) and previously CEO BT Openzone Wi-Fi. Chris presented in November 2019 at the HTNG (Hotel Technology Next Generation) European Conference in Monaco and in October 2019 at the Wireless Broadband Alliance Wireless Global Congress in Frankfurt.

[globalreachtechnology]

What’s Hot About Hotspot 2.0?

By Dr Chris Spencer, CTO, GlobalReach Technology

In the past, users of Wi-Fi networks had to search for and choose a network to connect to. Then, each and every time, they had to request a connection to the access point (AP) and, in many cases, re-enter their authentication credentials.

Now, as Chris Spencer, GlobalReach CTO explains, Hotspot 2.0 (aka Next Generation Hotspot) has streamlined and simplified the entire process to enable seamless connection between hotspot networks and mobile devices, all while delivering the highest WPA2 security.

Chris is a recognised authority on Hotspot 2.0 and has made it possible for GlobalReach to integrate the technology into its Wi-Fi solutions, enabling service providers and enterprises to benefit from it ahead of other market players.

Hotspot 2.0 delivers a much more seamless, "cellular-like" user experience when connecting to Wi-Fi networks.  And, last week at Mobile World Congress 2019, GlobalReach also announced that it has integrated Hotspot 2.0 with its roaming solution, allowing service providers and enterprises to use the technology to quickly expand wireless footprints, enable offload, and to monetise the more stable and complete (and therefore more attractive) networks.

However, as Dr Spencer points out, currently the industry is still in the Hotspot Release 1 phase. As far as carriers are concerned, things are straightforward because their networks and processes can provide easy on-boarding.  However, enterprise customers are currently frustrated. The good news is that as Hotspot 2.0 release 2 concentrates on client profiles, policy and remediation, this is set to be a boon to the enterprise sector.

This Q&A was originally recorded by Telecom TV at the WBA’s Wireless Global Congress in London, November 2019.

Can you tell us about your technology roadmap to improve the Wi-Fi experience overall?

The big one that everyone is talking about at the moment is Hotspot 2.0. The problem is enterprise onboarding. Carriers are fine onboarding their subscribers using over the air SIM messages and other technologies.

We’re working heavily with the big three mobile operating companies about how we improve that whole onboarding experience that’s needed within the industry. We’re innovating with them and launched a number of new onboarding solutions to make this happen.

The ultimate holy grail is when we get the Release 2 phase.  The client has been a little overlooked in phase 1.  But what carrier users are already seeing is the immediate benefits of seamless and automatic connection to the network, the security, the seamless environment.

Recently we’ve also enabled profile download via a simple QR code scan or NFC tag tap.  There are also increasing numbers of Qi wireless chargers in enterprises like coffee shops and hotels. These are used to charge our phones. This is another opportunity to onboard the Hotspot 2.0 profile via a prompt to download it to subscribers’ phones.

Let’s stay with the roadmap. How close are you to the endpoint?

I believe in short, mid and long term roadmaps.  Even when Hotspot 2.0 Release 2 comes into the ecosystem, there is still a transition that needs to happen.

Apple, for example, recently said that 50-something percent of their base has already moved to iOS 12 in a short space of time. They can control that because they own the end-to-end ecosystem.

Some of the other device operators don’t have this level of control, so they need to wait for the subscriber or the carrier to upgrade instead.  And, there’s always the question as to whether the operator actually wants you to upgrade, or whether they want to sell you their latest new phone. So, there’s a number of moving parts and we’re working with these type of constraints and with the best industry insights that we have.  

We’re also helping enterprises to enable onboarding and make these decisions based on the specifics of their industry. As I talk to more specific industries, we’re understanding more about their environments.

Let me give you an example of a cruise ship.  They take around six years to build and in the last two years they’re in complete lockdown, where the spec, infrastructure and equipment have all been defined and can’t be moved unless there is a critical exception.  

Airlines are another one.  It’s very expensive to bring an aircraft out of service to refit it. Again, with satellites. The length of time that it takes to put a satellite into space means that the technology is out-of-date before it is launched. So, as we get closer to these enterprises, our roadmap is built into industry-specific chunks where I rarely think about Wi-Fi but about the user experience in that particular space.  

We’re at a stage now where demonstrating the benefits of seamless connectivity is as easy as me getting my phone out of pocket and showing these enterprises that the Wi-Fi is connected. It’s already there.  The technical conversations we are having is about giving their users access to the Hotspot 2.0 profile.

What is Hotspot 2.0 and what does it mean to the user?

It’s broken into two parts. Release 1 and Release 2.  

Release 1 is about the network pre-selection. When we jump off a plane in Spain, for example, our phone takes some time to select a carrier for us. Hotspot 2.0 brings that within Release 1. The user doesn’t have to select a network, it’s all done at that pre-association stage.

We’ve also tackled security and my device knows that it can connect to that network. We can’t have a rogue access point where people have been concerned in the past.  This has been ruled out in Hotspot 2.0. Every access point is validated as I connect to it.  

Release 2 is all around the client device. It’s concerned with getting the profile onto that device, the policy, making sure I get what I pay for, and remediation. Remediation involved actually telling somebody that they’ve used 80% of their data allowance, or that they need to accept new T&Cs in a new country, for example.

Release 1 has been tried, tested and rolled out in lots of sectors. Release 2 is just starting and it’s very exciting.

What about frictionless UX and how this is being deployed at the enterprise level. What use cases can you give me?

Well, an enterprise can be a wide definition. It can be a business, but it can also be city, a hotel chain or a cruise liner.   It’s the business delivering the service and where the connection really happens.

So within a city, a use case could be a traffic attendant connected to the Wi-Fi service to do their job, or smart cars connecting as they pass through. It’s the convergence of lots of different IoT devices and things as practical as traffic control signals etc.  Some cities and even car manufacturers are already quite far advanced in their connected vision.

GlobalReach is already deeply involved is helping enterprises with this vision, and for early adopters, we’re already delivering many of the first wireless cities and city roaming projects where Hotspot 2.0 is being rolled out.  

If we bring it back to use cases within the enterprise, it could be as simple as secure staff access on a secure network, compared to a WPA2 shared key that all staff know, which compromises security and means new passwords have to be rolled out.  In that case, Hotspot 2.0 is moving that enterprise to a client-trust relationship on that particular network.

To read more about GlobalReach Hotspot 2.0 solutions, visit us here.