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teshknowledgenotes · 4 years

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BOOK: 23 THINGS THEY DON’T TELL YOU ABOUT CAPITALISM - HA-JOON CHANG

WHY?

This was listed as a good book on most websites when I searched good books about economics. It was an interesting book and I found it cool to see the mindset of other intelligent people on economics, capitalism and how the world works

NOTES

Thing 1: There is no such thing as a free market. What they tell you is that markets need to be free. When the government interferes to dictate what market participants can or cannot do, resources cannot flow to their most efficient use. If people cannot do the things that they find most profitable, they lose the incentive to invest and innovate. Thus, if the government puts a cap on house rents, landlords lose the incentive to maintain their properties or build new ones.

What they don't tell you is that the free market doesn't exist. Every market has some rules and boundaries that restrict freedom of choice. A market looks free only because we so unconditionally accept its underlying restrictions that we fail to see them

A lot of the things that are outside the market today have been removed by political decision, rather than the market process itself – human beings, government jobs, electoral votes, legal decisions, university places or uncertified medicines. There are still attempts to buy at lease of these things illegally (bribing government officials, judges or voters) or legally (using expensive lawyers to win a lawsuit, donations to political parties, etc.), but even though there have been movements in both directions, the trend has been towards less marketization

Thing 2: Companies should not be run in interest of their owners. What they tell you is that shareholders own companies, therefore companies should be run in their interests. What they don't tell you is that shareholders may be the owners of the corporations but, as the most mobile of the 'stakeholders', they often care the least about the long-term future of the company (unless they are so big that they cannot really sell their shares without seriously disrupting the company). Consequently, especially the smaller ones, prefer corporate strategies that maximize short-term profits, usually at the cost of long-term investments, and maximize the dividends from those profits, which even further weakens the long-term prospects by preventing the company from re-investments. Running the company for the shareholders often reduces its long-term growth potential.

Thing 3: Most people in rich countries are paid more that they should be. What they tell you is that in a market economy, people are rewarded according to their productivity. Liberals may find it difficult to accept that a Swede gets paid fifty times what an Indian gets paid for the same job but that is a reflection of their relative productivity. What they don't tell you is that the wage gaps between rich and poor countries exist not mainly because of differences in individual productivity but mainly because of immigration control. If there were free migration, most workers in rich countries could be and would be replaced by workers from poor countries. In other words wages are largely politically determined.

The main reason that a Swedish bus driver gets paid 50 times more than an Indian bus driver, is because of protectionism, Swedish workers are protected from competition from the workers of India and other poor countries through immigration control. Foreigners are willing to take a pay cut while working in countries like Sweden, without foreigners Swedish workers for example can command fifty times the wages of Indian workers.

Thing 3: The washing machine has changed the world more than the internet has. The washing machine has given women more time to part take in other activities and educate themselves. Allowing women to enter the workforce, and partake in more activities due to time save by the washing machine.

Thing 8: Capital has a nationality. What they tell you is that the real hero of globalization has been the transnational corporation. Transnational corporations, as their name implies, are corporations that have gone beyond their original national boundaries. What they don't tell you is that most transnational companies in fact remain national companies with international operations, rather than genuinely nation-less companies.

In this globalized world, the argument goes, nationality of capital is meaningless. Corporations may have started and still be headquartered in a particular country, but they have broken out of their national borders. They now locate their activities wherever the return is greatest. For example, Nestle the Swiss food giant, may be headquartered in the Swiss city of Vevey, but less than 5 per cent of its output is produced in Switzerland.

A company has no national loyalty any more. A business will do what it has to do in order to increase its profit even if it means hurting its home country by shutting plants down, slashing jobs, or even bringing in foreign workers

Poor climate can hamper development. Being surrounded by poor and conflict-ridden countries limits export opportunities and makes cross-border spill-over of conflicts more likely. Ethnic diversity or resource bonanzas can generate perverse political dynamics. However, these outcomes are not inevitable

Not only are government decision-makers unable to pick winners, they are likely to pick losers. Most importantly, government decision-makers – politicians and bureaucrats – are driven by the desire to maximize power, rather than profits. Therefore, they are bound to go for white elephant projects that have high visibility and political symbolism, regardless of their economics feasibility. Moreover government officials play with “other peoples money”, they do not have to personally deal with the consequences of their decisions

Private sector firms also try to pick winners all the time, by betting on uncertain technologies and entering activities that others think are hopeless, and often fail, just think about Microsoft's disastrous Windows Vista operating system and Nokia's embarrassing failure with the N-gage phone/game console

If we remain blinded by the free-market ideology that tells us only winner picking by the private sector can succeed, we will end up ignoring a huge range of possibilities for economic development through public leadership or public-private joint efforts

In the rich countries, enterprises cooperate with each other a lot more than do their counterparts in poor countries, even if they operate in similar industries. For example, the dairy sectors in countries such as Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany have become what they are today only because their farmers organized themselves, with state help, into cooperatives and jointly invested in processing facilities (e.g. creaming machines) and overseas marketing. In contrast, the dairy sectors in the Balkan countries have failed to develop despite quite a large amount of micro-credit channeled into them, because all their dairy farmers tried to make it on their own. For another example, many small firms in Italy and Germany jointly invest in R&D and export marketing, which are beyond their individual means, through industry associations, whereas typical developing country firms do not invest in these areas because they do not have such a collective mechanism.

If effective entrepreneurship ever was a purely individual thing, it has stopped being so at least for the last century. The collective ability to build and manage effective organizations and institutions is now far more important than the drives or even the talents of a nation's individual members in determining its prosperity. Unless we reject the myth of heroic individual entrepreneurs and help them build institutions and organizations of collective entrepreneurship, we will never see the poor countries grow out of poverty on a sustainable basis.

Herbert Simon a Nobel Prize winner in Economics states that humans try to be rational, but our ability to be so is severely limited. The world is too complex, Simon argued, for our limited intelligence to understand fully. This means that very often the main problem we face in making a good decision is not the lack of information but our limited capability to process that information – a point nicely illustrated by the fact that the celebrated advent of the internet age does not seem to have improved the quality of our decisions, judging by the mess we are in today. To put it another way, the world is full of uncertainty. Uncertainty here is not just not knowing exactly what is going to happen in the future.

With the increasing emphasis on higher education the recent period, an unhealthy dynamic has been established for higher education in many high-income and upper-middle-income countries that can afford to expand universities. Once the proportion of people doing to university goes over a critical threshold, people have to go to university in order to get a decent job. When, say 50 percent of the population goes to university, not going to university is implicitly declaring that you are in the bottom half of the ability distribution, which is not the greatest way to start your job search. So, people go to university, fully knowing that they will “waste time” studying things that they will never need for their work. With everyone wanting to go to university, the demand for higher education increases, which then leads to the supply of more university places, which raises university enrollment rate further, increasing the pressure to go to university even more. Over time this leads to a process of degree inflation. Now that “everyone” has a university degree, you have to do a master's or even a PhD, in order to stand out, even if the productivity content of those further degrees may be minimal for your future jobs.

Education vs Enterprises

If not just basic education but also higher education does not matter so much in determining a nation's prosperity, we must seriously rethink the role of education in our economy

In the case of rich countries, their obsession with higher education has to be tamed. This obsession has led to unhealthy degree inflation and the consequent over-investment of huge scale in higher education in many countries. I am not against countries having a very high or even 100% university enrollment rate for other reasons, but they should not delude themselves into believing that it would have a significant productivity effect.

In the case of developing countries, an even more radical change of perspective is needed. While they should expand education in order to prepare their youngsters for a more meaningful life, when it comes to the question of productivity increase, these countries need to look beyond the education in order to prepare their youngsters for a more meaningful life, when it comes to the question of productivity increase, these countries need to look beyond the education of the individuals and pay more attention to building the right institutions and organizations for productivity growth

What really distinguishes the rich countries from the poorer ones is much less how well educated their individual citizens are than how well their citizens are organized into collective entities with high productivity – be that giant firms such as Boeing or Volkswagen or the smaller world-class firms of Switzerland and Italy. Development of such firms needs to be supported by a range of institutions that encourage investment, and risk-taking a trade regime that protects and nurtures firms in “infant industries”, a financial system that provides “patient capital” necessary for long-term productivity enhancing investments, institutions that provide second chances for both the capitalists and for the workers, public subsidies and regulation regarding R&D and training and so on.

Education is valuable but its main value is not in raising productivity. It lies in its ability to help us develop our potentials and live a more fulfilling and independent life. If we expanded education in the belief that it will make our economics richer, we will be sorely disappointed, for the link between education and national productivity is rather tenuous and complicated. Our over-enthusiasm with education should be tamed, and especially in developing countries, far greater attention needs to be paid to the issue of establishing and upgrading productive enterprises and institutions that support them

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edwardbailey286 · 4 years

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Wraparound Market Size by Top Leading Key Players, Growth Opportunities, Incremental Revenue, Trends, Outlook and Forecasts to 2027

Wraparound Market: An Overview

The increase in product ranges offered at retail outlets leads to stiff competition among various market players. Closed corrugated boxes are not considered to be good for displaying the products, to extemporize the display of the products in retail outlet, an innovative method was introduced Smart Display Packaging that includes wraparound. Wraparound has transformed the corrugated boxes from its traditional function of transport to add the functionality of display at the retail outlet that has added a sales promotion. Wraparound has a unique property that not only saves labor costs but also saves time for opening the corrugated boxes and for displaying on the retail outlet. Wraparound has given additional sales promotional advantages as well as better product visibility to gain traction among the customers visiting stores.

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https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=75223

Wraparound Market: Dynamics

Wraparound packaging has solved the problem of space, as wraparound packaging is smaller in size through compressed packaging. Wraparound requires a lesser amount for its packaging and thus improves pallet stacking efficiency. Product display is directly relational to the purchase of the product at the retail outlet. Wraparound packaging gives a more attractive representation of the products. Wraparound packaging is anticipated to be in demand in the regions which have a scarcity of space, especially in the Asia-Pacific market. The cost of manufacturing corrugated boxes has been increasing over the years and wraparound packaging would help the manufacturers to reduce overall cost significantly. The special feature of ready to sell packaging of wraparound reduced waste and replacement cost. Due to the discount pressure in the retail market, in order to intensify its overall profit margin, it is often suggested to use product display options on less labor-intensive by opting wraparound packaging solutions in the product ranges that have maximum demand. The brands may opt printing on products and on wraparound packaging to customize the designs for short-run sales promotions to be out of box among its competitors. The E-commerce industry has adopted the wraparound packaging for feasible delivery through the retail outlet. As has been observed in many cases, the delivery of the online ordered product is offered by the nearest retail outlet making the packaging easy and convenient. The major advantages of wraparound packaging are: it is more product precise adjustment than the standard box used that consumes more space and protects the consignment during the transit. The market is demanding recyclable product, wraparound is a 100% recyclable product. Wraparound packaging is helpful in the self-promotion of the product and increases awareness in the existing and new markets.

Wraparound Market: Segmentation

Globally, Wraparound market segmented into many subsets.

By Material

Paper

Plastic

By Thickness

0.8mm to 1.6mm

1.6mm to 3.2mm

3.2mm to 5mm

5mm and above

By End Use Industry

Shipping & Logistics

Food & Beverages

Manufacturing & Warehousing

Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals

Cosmetics & Personal care

Others

Wraparound Market: Regional Outlook

The countries of the Asia Pacific and Latin America are anticipated to give significantly well in the market share of wraparound, due to the fact, that companies of developed economies are establishing its manufacturing units in the above-mentioned locations to meet economies of scale and add competitive advantage over its rivals. China is expected to be the world’s highest exporter and producer of corrugated boxes for packaging followed by India due to the efficient cost of its production. North America and Europe would be among the regions that would innovate the technology of wraparound. Market of wraparound packaging is anticipated to grow at the growing pace in years ahead.

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Wraparound Market: Key Players

The leading companies operational in the Wraparound market are Rengo Co., Ltd., MESPACK SL, Crown Technologies, CS Packaging, Inc., Easternpak, Napco National, Cargo International Packagings among others and many indigenous and unorganized companies are likely to give to the worldwide wraparound market in the latest upcoming years.

The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts, and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macroeconomic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on Wraparound market segments and geographies.

Regional analysis includes –

North America

Latin America

Europe

Middle East and Africa (MEA)

East Asia

South Asia

Oceania

Report Highlights:

A detailed overview of the parent market of Wraparound market.

Changing market dynamics in the industry Wraparound market.

In-depth segmentation of the global Wraparound market.

Historical, current, and projected size of the global Wraparound market, regarding volume and value.

Recent industry trends and developments in Wraparound market.

Competitive landscape in the global Wraparound market strategies for key players operating in the protective fabrics and products offered by key players of Wraparound market.

Potential and niche segments, geographical regions exhibiting promising growth of Wraparound market.

A neutral perspective on performance of the Wraparound market.

Must-have information for global Wraparound market to sustain and enhance their market footprint.

This study by TMR is all-encompassing framework of the dynamics of the market. It mainly comprises critical assessment of consumers' or customers' journeys, current and emerging avenues, and strategic framework to enable CXOs take effective decisions.

Our key underpinning is the 4-Quadrant Framework EIRS that offers detailed visualization of four elements:

Customer Experience Maps

Insights and Tools based on data-driven research

Actionable Results to meet all the business priorities

Strategic Frameworks to boost the growth journey

The study strives to evaluate the current and future growth prospects, untapped avenues, factors shaping their revenue potential, and demand and consumption patterns in the global market by breaking it into region-wise assessment.

The following regional segments are covered comprehensively:

North America

Asia Pacific

Europe

Latin America

The Middle East and Africa

The EIRS quadrant framework in the report sums up our wide spectrum of data-driven research and advisory for CXOs to help them make better decisions for their businesses and stay as leaders.

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Below is a snapshot of these quadrants.

1. Customer Experience Map

The study offers an in-depth assessment of various customers’ journeys pertinent to the market and its segments. It offers various customer impressions about the products and service use. The analysis takes a closer look at their pain points and fears across various customer touchpoints. The consultation and business intelligence solutions will help interested stakeholders, including CXOs, define customer experience maps tailored to their needs. This will help them aim at boosting customer engagement with their brands.

2. Insights and Tools

The various insights in the study are based on elaborate cycles of primary and secondary research the analysts engage with during the course of research. The analysts and expert advisors at TMR adopt industry-wide, quantitative customer insights tools and market projection methodologies to arrive at results, which makes them reliable. The study not just offers estimations and projections, but also an uncluttered evaluation of these figures on the market dynamics. These insights merge data-driven research framework with qualitative consultations for business owners, CXOs, policy makers, and investors. The insights will also help their customers overcome their fears.

3. Actionable Results

The findings presented in this study by TMR are an indispensable guide for meeting all business priorities, including mission-critical ones. The results when implemented have shown tangible benefits to business stakeholders and industry entities to boost their performance. The results are tailored to fit the individual strategic framework. The study also illustrates some of the recent case studies on solving various problems by companies they faced in their consolidation journey.

4. Strategic Frameworks

The study equips businesses and anyone interested in the market to frame broad strategic frameworks. This has become more important than ever, given the current uncertainty due to COVID-19. The study deliberates on consultations to overcome various such past disruptions and foresees new ones to boost the preparedness. The frameworks help businesses plan their strategic alignments for recovery from such disruptive trends. Further, analysts at TMR helps you break down the complex scenario and bring resiliency in uncertain times.

The report sheds light on various aspects and answers pertinent questions on the market. Some of the important ones are:

1. What can be the best investment choices for venturing into new product and service lines?

2. What value propositions should businesses aim at while making new research and development funding?

3. Which regulations will be most helpful for stakeholders to boost their supply chain network?

4. Which regions might see the demand maturing in certain segments in near future?

5. What are the some of the best cost optimization strategies with vendors that some well-entrenched players have gained success with?

6. Which are the key perspectives that the C-suite are leveraging to move businesses to new growth trajectory?

7. Which government regulations might challenge the status of key regional markets?

8. How will the emerging political and economic scenario affect opportunities in key growth areas?

9. What are some of the value-grab opportunities in various segments?

10. What will be the barrier to entry for new players in the market?

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organicgardeninglfza927-blog · 4 years

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Not known Facts About Vegetable Patch

The Best Strategy To Use For Home Vegetable Garden

Table of ContentsIndicators on Home Vegetable Garden You Should KnowThe Ultimate Guide To Indoor Vegetable GardenThe Ultimate Guide To Backyard Vegetable GardenThe Main Principles Of Vegetable Garden Planner Organic Vegetables Can Be Fun For Anyone3 Easy Facts About Organic Vegetables ShownThe Main Principles Of Grow Organic Vegetables The 2-Minute Rule for Starting A Vegetable GardenOur Kitchen Garden PDFsStarting A Vegetable Garden for BeginnersNot known Facts About Organic Gardening

One of the ideal places to begin your search is the web. Numerous seed firms currently use certified-organic seeds like those used by business natural farmers. These seed packages will lug the USDA Organic logo design, which guarantees their manufacturing satisfied stringent national natural requirements. Not all kinds of seeds are offered as certified-organic choices, however many are still expanded making use of natural methods.

Organic veggie transplants marketed in regional yard facilities will generally have tags as well as signs suggesting they were grown organically. Never be reluctant to ask a plant cultivator or seller about their natural expanding approaches. Trustworthy farmers like to share their expertise and also natural growing abilities with gardeners who wish to recognize and discover.

The Best Guide To Gardening Tips

Even with rich, healthy and balanced soil and natural plants in location, you still require to feed your garden. In the plant globe, veggies are well-known "hefty feeders," implying they utilize a great deal of nutrients, which can diminish yard dirt. Top notch, natural-based plant foods such as the Alaska by Pennington line complement a natural method that feeds your dirt along with your plants, enhancing yard wellness, elegance as well as performance.

When a plant food label brings words "OMRI Listed," that suggests that item has actually passed a strict evaluation by the Organic Materials Research Study Institute (OMRI). With OMRI-listed Alaska Fish Fertilizer 5-1-1, you can feed your vegetables premium, all-organic, natural active ingredients verified to meet or go beyond the stringent criteria for usage in certified-organic expanding.

Grow Organic Vegetables Fundamentals Explained

Healthy and balanced plants are much less likely to catch bugs, yet organic horticulture does not suggest you need to wait as they do. Lots of pesticides are likewise OMRI-listed to help regulate a lot more major invasions, yet the easiest natural steps versus insects don't call for pesticides at all. Organic gardeners commonly look to "integrated pest management," commonly referred to as IPM, which combines a number of organic-minded methods.

Chemical-free barriers that shield veggies consist of points as easy as copper barrier tape to push back snails as well as slugs or fabric-like row covers that interposed parasites and also plants. Beneficial bugs can likewise help restrict insect damage in your garden. As opposed to consuming plants, these "excellent pests" consume the bad pests that damage your fruits and vegetables.

How Growing Vegetables can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

Beneficial pests eat bad pests that can damage vegetables. By gardening organically, you guarantee that all-natural, earth-friendly active ingredients go into your soil and also your food instead of unknown items that can confirm damaging to wild animals, water materials and also you. You can relax very easy recognizing exactly what enters into the food you expand, gather as well as show to friends and family.

Compared to non-organic fruit and vegetables, natural veggies lunar planting guide and also fruits give higher levels of vitamin C, anti-oxidants, iron as well as other nutrients, in addition to reduced levels of possibly damaging chemical residues. 1 Garden-ripened create that goes right to your table, rather than sitting even a few days at a shop, additionally enjoys greater levels of vitamins and also anti-oxidants.

What Does Organic Food Do?

Whatever your level of knowledge and your natural growing goals, a natural approach to veggie horticulture makes a healthy difference for individuals as well as the globe around you. The Alaska by Pennington brand is committed to supplying you with the finest in organic and also natural-based products to help you support the environment, feed your household, as well as achieve your natural objectives.

Pennington with style is a signed up trademark of Pennington Seed, Inc. 1. Crinnion, W.J., "Organic Foods Contain Higher Levels of Particular Nutrients, Reduced Degrees of Pesticides, as well as May Supply Health And Wellness Benefits for the Consumer," Natural Medicine Review, April 2010. 2. Watters, C., "The Nourishment Benefits of Eating In Your Area," Hnai'Ai/ The Food Provider, Western Sustainable Farming Research Study & Education, 2013.

8 Easy Facts About Indoor Vegetable Garden Shown

Getty Images You have actually been trying to eat more health foods, both to decrease the quantity of chemicals you and also your family consume as well as to aid protect the setting. However take one consider your food store invoice and you recognize that acquiring natural can get extremely pricey, really fast. Thankfully, there's a way to expand your own scrumptious, fresh produce while having enjoyable and also discovering at the very same time: natural gardening!Don' t know where to start? It is feasible to work with a person to set up and also keep a lovely natural yard for you, but many of us can roll up our sleeves with a surprisingly low quantity of effort.

Don't worry if things aren't best ideal away. Organic horticulture means you won't make use of artificial plant foods or pesticides, however that does not indicate your plants fend for themselves. There are a variety of tools you can make use of to boost plant wellness and ward off insects. Continue reading for particular suggestions, drawn from expert garden blog writer, Leslie Land, her New York Times book 1000 Horticulture Questions & Solutions, as well as various other resources.

Vegetable Garden Ideas Things To Know Before You Get This

Fiskars PowerGear Bypass Pruner ($ 25, amazon.com) Fiskars 3 Item Softouch Garden Device Establish ($ 16, amazon.com) Luster Leaf Rapitest Soil Examination Set ($ 14, amazon.com) Yimby Tumbler Composter ($ 89, amazon.com) Pine Tree Equipment Bamboo Working Gloves ($ 8, amazon.com) Union Watering Can ($ 10, amazon.com) Preparing the Dirt In order to get the very best results with your brand-new natural garden, you'll intend to see to it the dirt is properly conditioned.

Things about Growing Vegetables

Healthy soil assists develop up solid, efficient plants. Chemical dirt therapies can not only seep into your food, however they can likewise damage the valuable germs, worms, and also other germs in the dirt. The very best method to evaluate the high quality of your soil is to. You can get a house testing set, or much better, send a sample to your local agricultural expansion office.

Excitement About Organic Vegetables

Generally, it's best to examine in the fall, and also use any natural nutrients before winter. Also if you don't have time for testing, you'll wish to the raw material, not the likewise called Mediterranean spread. According to, you'll want to mix in compost, leaf as well as yard clippings, and manure.

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Ideally, obtain your manure from regional livestock that's naturally and also humanely elevated. Making Good Garden compost All yards gain from compost and you can make your own on website. Hey, it's complimentary! Garden compost feeds plants, helps save water, lowers weeds, and also maintains food and backyard waste out of land fills by turning garbage right into "black gold." it's hard to utilize also much!The finest compost types from the ideal ratio of nitrogen- and also carbon-rich organic waste, combined with soil, water, as well as air.

All about Organic Fertilizer

Even a minimally tended heap will still yield respectable outcomes. 1. To get going, distribute a space at the very least 3 feet square. or had within a personalized pen or bin (some can be turned, to improve outcomes). 2. of carbon (or brownish) product leaves and garden trimmings as well as nitrogen (or environment-friendly) material such as kitchen scraps and manure, with a thin layer of soil in between.

Top off the pile with four to six inches of soil. as brand-new layers are added and also water to maintain (hardly) moist, in order to foster microorganism action. You should get great garden compost in as low as two months or longer if it's chilly. 4. A properly preserved garden compost pile should not smell.

The Only Guide to Kitchen Garden

Picking the Right Plant kingdoms It really pays to pick plants that will prosper in your particular micro-conditions. As a basic guide, examine the USDA's Strength Zones. Select plants that will certainly adjust well to each place in regards to light, wetness, drain, and also dirt quality. The majority of yards have ranks in these variables.

If you're acquiring seed startings, look for plants raised without chemical fertilizers as well as pesticides. A wonderful area to look goes to your regional farmers' market, which might additionally have native plants and selections well-suited to your location. It's far better to.Many points are best grown from seed, consisting of sunflowers, yearly poppies, coriander, dill, yearly phlox, larkspur, annual lupine, early morning glories, sweet peas, squash, and cucumbers.

Excitement About Vegetable Bed

Organizing minimizes weeding and also water waste, and helps you target garden compost and nutrients. Ample space between rows assists advertise air circulation, which drives away fungal strikes. Bear in mind that plants will not constantly stay small, and you do intend to. It's a good concept to thin crops based on baby room suggestions. According to Leslie Land, if you desire the greatest returns of natural produce with limited area as well as time, 1.

2. They keep expanding and also creating 'til frost presuming you maintain them selected. 3. Every little thing they claim about avalanches of zucchini holds true, particularly of crossbreed selections. 4. You can keep breaking short outer leaves for months, and also every picking will certainly be tender as long as plants obtain enough water.

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lupine-publishers-ddipij-blog · 5 years

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Development of Some Eco-Efficient and Selective Chemical Processes and Products Using Sustainable and Green Chemistry Approaches | Lupine Publishers

Journal of Drug Designing | Lupine Publishers

Introduction

Historical records show that scientific advancements accounted for substantial changes in our life-style and wellbeing. The Industrial Revolution took place in the western countries in the 1700s when people first appreciated the terms ‘science’ and ‘technology’ and valued the applications of ‘technological innovations’ for their commercialization. During the World Wars, people experienced use of science and technology for destructive purposes. The 20th century science revolutionized the living standard of mankind and offered solutions to great socio-economic or strategic challenges of the time. Though industrialization is considered as an essential feature of economic growth, it at times is infamous due to the adverse environmental health consequences caused by the release of pollutants. Policies are being placed to create a course of action, followed by enactment (of a law), and then rules & regulations that are designed to carry out that law successfully. Today, the environmental policymaking process in most of the developed nations relies heavily on the transition to sustainable production and consumption patterns. Public support is being generated through organized ways to educate all about the environmental issues and research. In the spirit of that, recent science has seen major advances in the ongoing endeavors directed towards diminishing the impact of anthropogenic and industrial activities on the environment.

Sustainable Development

Sustainability has emerged as the broadest and all-encompassing concept of all and it is one of the few significant words that will be carried over broadly outside the scientific language. Brundtland Commission (1987) - the United Nations’ Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainable development as “the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” [1]. The Earth Summit (1992): United Nations’ Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) highlighted the urgent need to find a more sustainable way of life; reduce environmental emissions and use resources carefully [2]. It also advocated to move towards a model in which environmental enhancement is fully integrated with economic development. There is a need to understand sustainable development as a global responsibility. The members of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a consortium first established in 1990 and based in Geneva, have signified the business value of sustainable development and pinpointed responsibility and liability on the part of corporate enterprises that use hazardous materials in their processes or products [3]. The WBCSD coined the term “ecoefficiency” in its 1992 publication “Changing Course” and this new business concept is meant for implementing the “Agenda- 21” in the private sector [2]. Pollution reduction in natural as well as synthetic industrial chemical processes and development of more renewable forms of energy are key aspects of sustainable development from chemical and energy perspectives.

Chemistry is the study of matter; it is the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances. Among the greatest achievements of chemistry are petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Some of the greatest benefits to public from pharmaceutical industry include the painkillers, antibiotics, anti-malarial, anticancer drugs, etc. Fine chemicals, polymeric and other advanced materials too have lots of applications in day-today-life and industries. And, most of these many useful chemical technologies are available at significant environmental cost. Though the 20th century chemistry revolutionized the living standard of mankind, the major disadvantages of this progress are now being identified as significant pollution through greenhouse gases, heavy metal toxicity, eutrophication, persistent organic pollutants, etc. In India, for example, the measures adopted in the “Green Revolution” increased agricultural production and made India self-sufficient in food grains but unfortunately the excessive usage of chemical pesticides and fertilizers are now found to cause negative effects on the soil, land, water and our body & its metabolism. Nowadays, pollution due to chemical industries has become a major issue worldwide. Policy makers, environmentalists and the public in general assume that the chemical industry disregard the environmental consequences. And in view of un-avoidable pollution, a recent challenge is to understand and make the chemical processes occurring in Nature (ecology/environment) sustainable. There is no excuse for the ignorance or the lack of knowledge of the short-term as well as long-term effects of chemical products or processes produced in industries. The challenge for the present-day chemical industry is to continue providing applications and socio-economic benefits in an environmentally friendly manner. Eco-efficiency has been recognized as an important tool in transforming unsustainable development to sustainable development. The concept of green chemistry can certainly help achieve sustainability in chemistry point of view or rather stand as a component of sustainable development (Figure 1). Having said that, sustainability not only offers the choice to conserve or consume resources sensibly, but it also encompasses the societal attitude towards the environmental change.

Figure 1: The big picture of sustainable development in chemistry point of view.

Green and Sustainable Chemistry

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States of America is credited for coining and defining the concept of Green Chemistry. Paul T. Anastas firstly proposed this term. “Green Chemistry is the use of chemical principles and methodologies for source reduction. Green Chemistry incorporates pollution prevention in the manufacturing of chemicals and promotes pollution prevention and industrial ecology” [4]. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defined Green Chemistry as the invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances [4-5]. For Prof. Roger Sheldon, “green chemistry efficiently utilizes (preferably renewable) raw materials, eliminates waste, and avoids the use of toxic and/ or hazardous reagents and solvents in the manufacture and application of chemical products” [6]. All member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) – an intergovernmental organization endorsed an initiative called “Sustainable Chemistry” which would advocate the development of environmentally benign chemicals [7]. Sustainable chemistry, as defined by the OECD, seeks to improve the efficiency with which natural resources are used to meet human needs for chemical products and services. Sustainable chemistry encompasses the design, manufacture and use of efficient, effective, safe and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. Essentially sustainable chemistry is about doing more with less: making most of the finite resources and minimizing waste, reducing the environmental impact of chemical processes and products. Lancaster (2002) in his book entitled, “Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text” successfully brought in together all the concepts and relevant examples for students and researchers [8]. Over the last few decades, green chemistry has been recognized as a culture and methodology for achieving sustainable development. Broadly speaking, green chemistry practices environmentally benign aspects of basic chemistry and applied engineering [9].

The concepts of “sustainable chemistry” and “green chemistry” are written above separately to avoid any confusion in understanding motivation in nut-shell of the principal author’s research endeavors. The terms of green chemistry and sustainable chemistry have been almost fully conceptualized and grown into a multidisciplinary area today. The future of this field is, at least in part, due to society’s global awareness of long-term industrial growth going hand-in-hand with pollution-free or relatively safer chemistry practices.

Green chemistry addresses source reduction [10]. In this context, ‘green’ processes can be described as chemical conversions that consume a minimal amount of energy and produce the least waste. In addition to chemistry, chemical engineering is required to achieve true source reduction. “Green Engineering is the design, commercialization, and use of processes and products that are feasible and economical, while minimizing both risk to human health and the environment, and generation of pollution at the source” [10]. “Green chemistry and engineering” include the production of chemicals and development of processes by avoiding pollution and are inherently safe for humans. This multidisciplinary chemistry strategy aims to conserve ecology and environment for the present and future generations. Public assumes that pollution is inevitable and also that the Government is obliged to monitor industries and control emissions. Governmental agencies usually put legislative framework in place for the pollution prevention and can demand the treatment of pollutants or cleaning-up contaminated sites including the air, water, and soil. This has led to at least some law-abiding chemical manufacturers investing substantial capital on environmental matters. Allen and Rosselot [9] presented the following hierarchy for pollution prevention and waste management, in decreasing order of preference:

I. Source reduction

II. In-process recycling

III. On-site recycling

IV. Off-site recycling

V. Waste treatment to render it (the waste) less hazardous

VI. Secure disposal

VII. Direct release to the environment

Usually due to the plurality and complexity of chemical synthesis pathways, design and development of completely environmentally friendly chemical products and processes is an enormous challenge. On a bright side, it is definitely practical to confirm whether a potential chemical manufacturing process is “greener” than the existing ones.

The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

Important principles that govern and guide today’s green chemistry [4] are formulated by Anastas and Warner. The author (of this paper) enlists herein, as he understands, the famous twelve principles:

A. Prevention is better than (waste) treatment

B. Atom economy referring to the design for maximizing the incorporation of all starting materials utilized to get the desired chemical product.

C. Use and produce chemical substances that has little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.

D. Designing Chemicals only having the desired effect or function and not their side- effects or toxicity

E. Avoid using volatile solvents and auxiliaries

F. It is preferred to carry out synthetic methodologies at ambient temperature and pressure by avoiding economic and environmental impact due to energy usage

G. Use of Renewable Feedstocks

H. Reduce derivatizations, protecting groups, and temporary chemical modifications, etc.

I. Use of catalysts for selective synthetic methodologies

J. Chemical products should be degradable and they or their degradation product shall not pollute the environment

K. Application of real-time, on-site analytical methodologies for in-process monitoring and control of hazardous substances

L. Chemical process should be devoid of any accidental threats, such as corrosion, explosion, fire, etc.

There is a need to achieve these twelve principles of green chemistry. The author recommends herein that a new concept of elemental sustainability should also be added to such chemistry by which one may conserve the rare metals and or their supply by way of encouraging the careful resource utilization and recycling. Utilization of a single metal atom as functional entity or catalyst instead of its nanoparticles or bulk usage could also save precious elements or rare chemical matter.

Concepts Related to Green Chemistry

In addition to green chemistry, following are the related concepts and industrial initiatives that are required to be defined and understood appropriately:

a) Pollution Control or Prevention: This reflects elimination or at least reduction of emissions and chemical pollutants.

b) Waste Minimization: This includes minimization of sideproducts or wastes generated by chemical process.

c) Waste Treatment: As the term implies, the practice of waste treatment incorporates in- process recycling, cleaning-up of waste contaminated system and or its secure disposal.

d) Waste Utilization: This concept describes the treatment of waste and its conversion to useful and safe resource.

e) Benign Design: This concept of ‘benign design’ refers to the designing and manufacturing of chemical products and processes in a way that exert no or minimal negative environmental impact. The concept of green chemistry intersects with the concept of ‘benign design’ wherein these approaches will lead to the discovery and production of less hazardous and less toxic materials, or molecules based upon renewable feedstocks.

f) Industrial Ecology (IE): It describes the energy and material flow through an industrial system. The purpose of study is to find balance between environmental and economic performance within global ecological constraints. The IE, sometimes known as the science of sustainability, is an interdisciplinary framework that seeks to design and operate industrial systems as living systems interdependent with natural systems. Graedel and Allenby [11] described IE as the science of consumption and reusability of natural resources in production, rather than the traditional practice of extracting and using resources, then discarding and disposing.

g) Sustainability: Generally speaking, sustainability is the term describing endurance of systems and processes. This concept is studied and managed in many contexts of environmental, social and economic organization. There is a relationship among green chemistry, benign design, industrial ecology and sustainable development [12]. Off late, increasing research endeavors on green and sustainable chemistry are evident by a continually growing number of publications in this field. This covers a wide spectrum of research approaches from basic chemistry to industrial process development [13].

Financial Analysis of Green Chemistry

Implementing the concepts of green chemistry and engineering usually demands basic to applied research on synthesis, catalysis, reactor design, and improved unit operations. Reduced utilization of raw materials or energy, reduced waste management along with safety, reduced environmental damage or relatively reduced future liabilities are amongst the long- term benefits offered by greening chemistry and chemical engineering. And, there is a need to develop financial tools needed to quantify these benefits or at least to meet the so-called triple bottom line [14]. Apart from the traditional economic analysis, justification and implementation of green chemistry projects will require the following tools evaluating the benefits of green chemistry:

a. Life Cycle Assessment or Life Cycle Analysis,

b. Toxicology and Long-term Risk Assessment

c. Total Cost Assessment (Figure 2)

Figure 2: The “triple bottom line” for industry.

a. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): LCA methodology, originated in the early 1970s, is an active research area. The material and energy flows of a process are taken into account starting from the point where raw materials are extracted from the environment, through transportation, processing, production/manufacturing, distribution, and use, and finally closing at the point where the product is disposed, recycled, or re-manufactured. Herrchen and Klein reviewed [15] the LCA and its application in assessing environmentally benign chemical technology alternatives. Though LCA does not suffice to assess the economic and social impact of a given green technology, it is a method for predicting quantitative environmental impacts of the production, including by-products formation and use of solvents and auxiliaries. Following is the list of impact categories (human health, ecosystem health and resources) [16] addressed in a Life Cycle Assessment:

i. Depletion of resources (abiotic or biotic)

ii. Desiccation

iii. Impacts of land use (sub-divided into land competition, loss of life support functions, and loss of biodiversity)

iv. Climate change

v. Stratospheric ozone depletion

vi. Human toxicity

vii. Eco-toxicity (sometimes subdivided into freshwater aquatic, marine aquatic, terrestrial)

viii. Photo-oxidant formation

ix. Acidification

x. Eutrophication

xi. Impacts of ionizing radiation

xii. Odor

xiii. Noise

xiv. Waste heat

b. Toxicology: This issue is of prime importance and covers socially important challenges of our time: protecting public health and the environment. Anthropogenic activities that cause pollution pose significant threat to the environment. Oceanic currents and atmospheric transport processes can spread organic and inorganic toxicants throughout the world. The main focus of the studies shall be to evaluate the exposure to and effects of chemicals in air, water, soil and food chains, etc. and consequently confirms the adverse effects within life forms (including humans). It mainly covers the study of interaction between toxicants and ecosystems including organisms. The unique combination of environmental chemistry and toxicology promotes science and research for the well-being of current and future generations. Environmental toxicology in itself is a multidisciplinary field encompassing various aspects of biology, ecology and risk assessment.

c. Long-Term Risk Assessment: Risk assessment is very important for good health and safety management. It is necessary to evaluate scientifically a potential or known hazard and its adverse health effects. For example, risk may be defined as the probability of harm that an individual might come across from exposure to a given hazard. Risk assessment identifies hazard towards both the safety of chemical plant and the process. Risk assessments foresee and quantify a variety of human and environmental risks based on the structure and function or property of a recognized hazardous chemical product.

d. Total Cost Assessment (TCA): TCA is fundamental to accounting and assigning all costs of production to the entity within the organization that generates those costs. The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (www.aiche.org/cwrt) provides a guide to TCA, [17] and a spreadsheet tool for performing TCA. The term ‘green chemistry and engineering’ we learnt by now not only covers the traditional educational and research disciplines related to chemistry and chemical engineering but also includes safety, risk assessment, hazard, health, life-cycle assessment, financial analysis, and their intersection with public policies. The introductory part so far detailed the concepts, terminology, and other relevant aspects for understanding big picture of sustainable development in chemistry and environment point of view [18].

Green Chemistry in Classroom and Laboratories

The academic and research institutions worldwide have already started adopting the Green Chemistry track in the Chemical Sciences PhD Programme. In addition to conventional chemistry, the research scholars obtaining a Ph.D. degree from such programme are trained in multi-disciplinary science, technology, engineering and mathematics (or statistics, for that matter) and providing with the methodologies or techniques and approaches or experiences to assess chemistry’s impact on environment, ecology and more particularly the human health. Chemistry is the study of matter. Green (and sustainable) chemistry offers an ecologically and environmentally benign view of chemistry research and development for relevant products and services. Pollution, toxicity, and ecological and or environmental consequences are necessary components to understanding the entire “life cycle” of any chemistry related industrial or commercial endeavour. It is therefore need of our times to develop human resource with the appropriate green chemistry & engineering skills and also the facilities or infrastructure to pursue chemistry for sustainable development. Chemistry lies at the very heart of everything within us and around us. Its knowledge and the methods steadily increased over the centuries. The core principles of chemistry are:

A. The act of creation, combining, or synthesis, and

B. The act of analysis, characterization, destruction or separation. Today, the growing need for the atom efficiency, energy efficiency and environmental concerns stemming from the increase in chemical products demand necessitate the development of the ‘sustainable or environmentally benign’ production methods.

There are a variety of challenges in making chemistry ‘green.’ Research in chemistry for sustainable development demands the co-operation of chemists, biochemists, engineers, statisticians, health scientists, etc. In present-day chemical industries, it is hard to find an obsolete “green” product or process. The greening of a chemical product or process may be achieved through a number of means, including improved syntheses, recyclable and selective catalysts, innovative process design, utilization of renewable raw materials, production of less toxic products, use of non-volatile and environmentally friendly solvents, etc. In other words, the concept of green chemistry can primarily be solicited in any aspect of chemistry, chemical engineering, risk assessment and toxicology. In addition to the fundamental scientific data, the financial metrics must also be taken into consideration while making environmentally optimized or greener chemical products and processes a profitable business ethic. In order for us to create and establish a more neutral chemical industry by minimizing industrial impact on human, eco-system health and resources, the goal of green chemistry, as the first step, shall be to discover and develop environmentally friendly, non-toxic and sustainable alternatives for chemical products, materials, solvents, catalysts, systems and feedstocks. The researchers in this field see it not just as an area of chemical science, but as a philosophy, a “way of life.”

Motivation

“Green and Sustainable Chemistry” or the “Chemistry for Sustainable Development” is understood here as the contribution of chemistry in the implementation of the Johannesburg Declaration, [19] (World Summit of Sustainable Development, 2002), the Rio Declaration (Earth Summit, 1992)[2] and Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission, 1987)[1]. This article offers a kind-of primer or the perspective including the importance of the research line taken and its justification in the present era. The various researches highlight mainly introduce sustainable development, chemistry – the science of matter and also details the conceptualization of green / sustainable chemistry or the importance of chemistry for sustainable development. The text details readers the purpose of this research in minimizing or eliminating the environmental, economic and ecological cost of some chemical processes by keeping in mind the term “sustainability” and the famous 12 principles of green chemistry. The research scholar identifies (i). studies involving preparation and characterization of some nanoporous materials and their applications as heterogeneous catalysts in synthetic/industrial chemistry, and (ii) understanding sustainability of chemical processes in environment to be at the heart of greening of chemistry. That is why there is this moral obligation of the academicians and chemistry researchers to engage in communicating and developing the solutions to pollution issues due to chemical sciences and allied disciplines. These research activities surely contribute to the entrepreneurial sustainable development. This mainly features selected principles of the green chemistry from the famous 12 principles of green chemistry, focusing on environmentally friendly chemical technology and tactics to minimize the occurrence and effects of pollution, including the utilization of the agricultural waste. The approaches herein should offer solutions to some crucial problems associated with ecology, environment and synthetic chemistry applications.

Objectives of the present review

The key aspect of these researches (from a Ph.D. thesis submitted to the JJTU Rajasthan in July 2014) is to contribute to sustainable development from chemical science perspective by developing more environmentally friendly chemical products & processes.

The objectives were:

a) To develop green chemistry approaches in synthesis, modification/fabrication, characterization of some zeolites and related nanoporous materials for their possible catalytic applications in making synthetic chemical processes or methodologies eco-efficient and selective.

b) Based on various different research schemes, there may include specific or sub-objectives from the aforementioned main objective.

c) To understand and develop chemical processes in Nature Some of specific or sub-objectives from this main objective include

i. The valorization of agricultural residue such as the wheat husk ashes for extracting or recovering some chemical products and for converting them into useful functional or value-added products and thereby achieve sustainability.

ii. The study, in chemistry point of view, of the possible effects of some heavy metals (for example, Cd, Cr, Mn, Zn, etc.) present in soil and or irrigation waters on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat and also the discussion on the plausible sustainability in this (i.e. phytotoxicity) chemical process in Nature;

iii. The investigation into eutrophication due to phosphate and some other chemicals and nutrients supplied in excess to an aquatic body by physico-chemical analyses

Practicality and the perspective of the research works

Following is the various contributions of the author who argues on how the objectives originally sought for are achieved. This describes the multi-disciplinary approach and attitude with which the topic of sustainability is understood and addressed in chemistry point of view. Particularly the former has had a very positive influence in summarizing the many nice research results presented in this perspective.

I. Firstly, the author provides a general introduction to sustainable development, chemistry – the science of matter and the conceptualization and importance of sustainable and green chemistry in the present era. The contents on sustainability in chemistry point of view form the basis for research reviewed in this aspect. Following on from the introductory part, there is a kind of Strategic Goal for sustainable development. This displays the big picture of sustainable development in chemistry point of view and includes practical approaches and the operational as well as monitoring tools. The concepts of green chemistry, catalysis and lifecycle assessment are interesting, and there is an urgent need to find industrial applications thereof. The author’s secondary research entitled, “Organocatalysis: Key Trends in Green Synthetic Chemistry, Challenges, Scope towards Heterogenization and Importance from Research and Industrial Point of View” accounts the chemistry behind the “catalytic magic” of small organic molecules [20]. Many topics in chemistry and catalysis are treated in this review, with relevant references giving the brief on research and development of the underlying science and relating it to catalytic practice and industrial point of view. The general scope of this literature is thus to bring many outstanding researches together and show the vitality of the catalysis (including organocatalysis) through several aspects and also to offer suggestions for new and innovative directions of research as well as scope for incorporating “organocatalysis” to heterogeneous catalysis. This may form the basis for research embodied in various other academic and industrial researches.

II. In view of the potential green chemistry applications of immobilized organocatalysts, a scheme of research involved the successful heterogenization of a basic ionic liquid, bearing NTf2- (Hünig base) – the non-nucleophilic anion - on mesoporous SBA-16 silica [21]. It is found that this recyclable catalytic system is highly active towards the C-C bond forming Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate. The solvent-free reaction at room temperature utilizing an ionic liquid lead to almost 100% conversion and selectivity and thus exemplifies the principles of green chemistry.

III. In another project of research, mordenite zeolite was modified and employed in the carbonylation of methanol minimizing by-products by ensuring a high yield and selectivity of acetic acid / acetyls. The reaction conditions, atmospheric reactor and the use of copper promoted H-mordenite (Cu-H-MOR) catalysts are all meant to inhibit the methanol-to- gasoline (MTG) chemistry and focus on the selectivity towards the acetyl products [22]. This led the best results and also the oxalic acid washed mordenite performed better than the neat H- MOR catalyst. It would not be arrogant to say that this new catalytic method is economically advantages over the well-established Cativa process which involves an iodide cocatalyst. There is no need of a halide promoter and thus the reaction medium is devoid of corrosive HI which would permit industries use reactors made of less exotic and cheaper material. This point brings economic advantage to this process. Such a heterogeneous catalytic process would separate products and catalyst easily. The use of syngas as a feedstock over a hydrogen tolerant catalyst provides a cheaper alternative than purified CO. The increase in selectivity to acetyls is directly proportional to the increase in Cu loading onto mordenite. The use of 75 mol% Cu modified H-MOR catalyst for optimized industrial carbonylation is identified at mild reaction temperature and atmospheric pressure. This is an interdisciplinary approach employing knowledge from chemistry and chemical engineering to develop new process by researching in the area of heterogeneous catalysis through a combination of bench scale laboratory work ranging through to pilot plant.

IV. In an attempt to develop material wealth from wastes, the mesoporous MCM-41 and titanium incorporated MCM-41 type silica materials are synthesized from the wheat husk ash [23-24]. The result is very interesting because it valorizes a significant agricultural waste stream. MCM-41 and Ti-incorporated MCM-41 thus prepared are tested for their catalytic applications in synthetic organic reactions. Sourcing silica from the wheat husk ashes for the syntheses of such catalytic materials has a potential cost-effective application and therefore could be adopted as a new industrial methodology. Neat MCM-41 represented acid catalysis and the Ti incorporated within gave redox catalytic property to the siliceous materials. In yet another research project, the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite, a microporous aluminosilicate, by sourcing silica from wheat husk ash is carried out and is followed by its modification to the various protonated forms i.e. H-ZSM-5. This result is important because ZSM-5 / H-ZSM-5 are working catalytic materials at industrial level and are considered as a wellknown commodity, The samples are found to have characteristic crystallinity as evident by XRD peaks, good thermal as well as chemical stability, and catalytic character. The efficacy of H-ZSM-5 (with Si/Al ratio 30) for various organic reactions suggests the availability of catalytic active sites associated with the MFIstructured zeolite framework Al and or Si atoms. Our results mainly demonstrate [i] an attractive and potential scalable and industrially viable methodology for the wheat husk ash based high-purity and useful zeolite H-ZSM-5 synthesis; [ii]. the principles of green chemistry such as mild reaction conditions, recyclability of the solid acid catalyst, and selectivity of desired product from organic reactions, including cyclocondensation and multi-component reactions [25]. The novel catalytic applications of H-ZSM-5 are interesting because these organic transformations over this neat zeolite sample are achieved without having to introduce isomorphously substituted or extra- framework or impregnated metal ions or clusters. The results with regards to the application of H-ZSM-5 showed the catalytic behavior in various types of organic reactions, such as three / four-component reactions that have not so far been proved possible to achieve using a zeolite catalyst such as this. These interesting research schemes describe how the silica extraction methodology valorizes the wheat husk ashes and attempts to establish them as a novel (re)source of silica instead of an agricultural waste stream.

V. There could be some more researches meant for understanding sustainability in some ecological and environmental chemical processes. Apart from the elemental sustainability type of work and or the waste-to-wealth chemical processes of sourcing silica from the wheat husk ash, various other research schemes can appreciate sustainability.

VI. In one of the schemes of research, an age-old problem of heavy metal phytotoxicity is researched and discussed in sustainable chemistry point of view. To examine the effect of heavy metals on wheat seed germination, aqueous concentrations of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) metal ions are fed over the period of eight consecutive days. The (phytotoxic) effects mainly on (i) the germination of seed, (ii) the seedling vigor index, (iii) the root, shoot, seedling growth, and also (iv) the tolerance indices of wheat are discussed. In this study, the germination and root length (in emergence) are adversely affected by aqueous concentrations of heavy metals fed to wheat seeds in Black Cotton soil (of Nanded city, Maharashtra State, Republic of India). All results, when compared to control, show gradual reduction in seed germination and the decrease in growth of root and shoot with increasing concentrations of these heavy metals. The inhibition is stronger in root than in shoot. The toxic effects of selected metals to seed germination can be arranged in the rank order of inhibition as: Zn>Cd>Mn>Cr. The increasing heavy metal concentrations increase the phytotoxicity of shoot and root and decrease the tolerance indices and the seedling vigor indices. These methods and results thus provide a model system for developing sustainability in chemistry point of view and screening of various concentrations of heavy metals for their useful micro-nutritional properties or harmful phytotoxic effects. This shall also screen for the seeds able to counteract the deleterious effects of such heavy metals in various types of irrigation waters and agricultural soils. In other words, the studies of soil contents and irrigation water systems can help us achieve sustainable chemical process in ecological and environmental perspectives [26].

VII. Another research project embodied an investigation on eutorphication of a water body due to phosphate and other nutritious chemicals fed in excess to the aquatic environment. This studied chemical and physical quality parameters of water and also the composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton community as related to eutrophication or related chemistry [27]. Total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, increased dissolved solids and chloride & magnesium ions show deterioration of water quality. From the biological study of plankton diversity of this water body, it is concluded that about twenty-eight genera of phytoplankton and thirteen different genera of zooplankton are found in this water body. The reasons behind finding such dynamics are zero availability of oxygen and free carbon dioxide.

Conclusion

This section is meant for drawing conclusions and highlighting the importance of hands-on chemistry researches towards sustainable development. Particularly the latter has had a very positive influence in achieving and reviewing the many nice contributions or results presented herein. The scholar puts together dedicated efforts to achieve important advances in diminishing the impact of chemistry and related activities on the environment. The sustainable and green chemistry offers effective approaches to some crucial environmental problems associated with chemistry. It addresses some of the issues facing in employing economically viable chemical technologies / processes while simultaneously protecting the environmental health and safety. This will therefore be of particular interest to researchers in academia, industry, and government policies applying chemistry for sustainable development, and also to chemistry students, other professionals and consultants dealing with chemistry and relevant environmental concerns. The author believes that his various researches shall stand as a reliable reference to future researchers in the field of green chemistry for sustainable development [28]. To summarize, the various contributions of the researcher are reviewed and argued on how far the underlying goal of these researches is achieved by developing practical chemical production and application greener than the existing ones. The success of the scholar lies in bringing-in together the principles of “green chemistry” and “sustainability” in his research endeavors to show the vitality of the subject through several relevant applications. While advocating the need for interdisciplinary and integrative efforts, these approaches might offer clues on new and innovative directions of research in the cause of “greening chemistry.”

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phgq · 4 years

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FEATURE: Overweight, obese children likely to stay obese into adulthood -WHO

#PHinfo: FEATURE: Overweight, obese children likely to stay obese into adulthood -WHO

Did you know that overweight and obese children are more likely to stay obese into adulthood?

A study made by the World Health Organization (WHO) also warned that overweight children are likely to develop noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age.

"By 2022, more children and adolescents will be obese than underweight if current trends continue. We need effective action to curb obesity!"

Obese children and adolescents, the WHO said, may also suffer from both short-term and long- term health consequences. Factors contributing to the increasing problem of overweight and obesity include poor diets, inadequate nutrition, and failing food systems. In addition, limited physical activity is likewise contributing to the growing problem on overweight and obesity. Prevention remains to be the most feasible option for curbing the childhood obesity epidemic.

“From a public health, economic and moral perspective, it is imperative for Government and the whole of Society to act on this issue of childhood overweight and obesity. Curbing the childhood obesity epidemic requires political commitment at all levels, and the collaboration of many public and private stakeholders," said Dr Rabindra Abeyasinghe, WHO Representative in the Philippines.

"A multisectoral approach is essential, and should provide supportive environments that encourage physical activity, restrict access to unhealthy foods and drinks, support mothers to practice exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months and to protect children from marketing influences. It is also important to ensure that policies and laws are fully implemented and protected from undue commercial interests,” Abeyasignhe added.

Overweight and obesity are complex and multifaceted problems that would require multisectoral and comprehensive strategies to effectively and sustainably prevent and manage. Sustainable, responsive, resilient and functional food systems can enable better and healthier diets, but while the food systems encompass a range of public and private actors, the role of government is crucial in developing and implementing programmes and policies that address the production, distribution, accessibility, and utilization of food in the country.

“Maintaining a healthy and nutritious diet is especially important at this time of a pandemic. To promote and achieve healthy and nutritious diets, sustainable, functional and responsive food systems – borne out of collaborative and multi-sectoral action – are paramount,” emphasized Ms Kati Tanninen, FAO Representative to the Philippines.

“To this end, FAO is supporting the national government through the implementation of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition 2017-2022, which calls on policies and programmes to be ‘nutrition-sensitive’. Policy measures related to food systems that support healthy diets should be enforced. These policies and legislations should also be in line with – and guide the country’s actions towards – its pledges to global commitments such as the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025 and the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly to SDG 2 on attaining Zero Hunger and improved nutrition for all. But more importantly, such legislations should be responsive to the country’s unique health and nutrition context, objectives, and priorities,” Tanninen added.

“While there have been positive developments to enable an environment for better nutrition in the Philippines, there should also be a clear and prompt action to address the triple burden of malnutrition and to recognize childhood overweight and obesity as a central health issue," said Oyunsaikhan Dendevnorov, UNICEF Representative in the Philippines.

"Aside from actively working with the Philippine Government and other partners to strengthen nutrition policies and plans, UNICEF also collaborates on generating evidence to better address overweight and obesity and ensure access to healthy food for children. We remain committed to support health and nutrition initiatives for every child, especially the most vulnerable,” Dendevnorov added.

In the Philippines, where a number of children suffer from a triple burden of malnutrition, together with other forms of undernutrition (including stunting and wasting), micronutrient deficiencies, along with overweight and obesity, the Department of Health (DOH), National Nutrition Council (NNC), FAO, WHO, and UNICEF jointly call upon the public, civil society organizations, academe, and the private sector to take action to prevent and manage childhood overweight and obesity.

Results from the Expanded National Nutrition Survey conducted by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) in 2019 reported a relatively low prevalence of overweight at 2.9 percent among children under 5 years old; medium prevalence of 9.1 percent and 9.8 percent among children aged 5 to 10 years old and 10 to 19 years old, respectively.

Among Filipino adolescents, overweight has tripled in the last 15 years. There is a higher rate of overweight and obese children in urban areas than in rural areas and higher prevalence of several risk factors and environmental conditions could rapidly increase the rates. These findings from the FNRI study, together with new studies and recommendations for action, will be shared during a dissemination forum on March 4, 2021.

“The Department of Health recognizes the emerging problem of childhood overweight and obesity in the country and although its prevalence pales in comparison with that of undernutrition, it will be unfortunate to prejudice the public health attention it deserves to mitigate its future risk on non- communicable diseases, premature death and disability in adulthood," Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III said.

"Further, the economic costs of this escalating problem are considerable both in terms of the enormous financial strains it will place on the health care system and lost economic productivity,” Duque added.

“To prevent obesity, we need to start early, that is in the First 1000 Days of life when we could also prevent undernutrition, which could also result in obesity in later life” according to Dr. Azucena Dayanghirang, Executive Director of the NNC.

The NNC is leading the multi-sectoral Overweight and Obesity Management and Prevention Program of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) 2017-2022. The PPAN targets no further increase in child obesity by 2022 by fostering a healthy food environment and promoting positive nutrition behaviors towards consumption of healthier diets.

In recent years, several legislations have been enacted by the Philippine Congress to support healthier diets and nutrition of Filipinos. The Department of Education has also issued policies on sale of healthy foods and beverages in schools, as well as the promotion of physical activity.

The DOH, NNC, FAO, WHO, and UNICEF jointly call on the firm and continuous enforcement of the existing legislations, and to introduce front of pack labelling of commercially produced foods, and to regulate harmful practices such as the marketing of unhealthy foods to children. We also call on public to change the way overweight and obesity is viewed by society and become advocates for change for healthy food environments and policies that prioritize obesity as a serious health issue. (PIA NCR)

***

References:

* Philippine Information Agency. "FEATURE: Overweight, obese children likely to stay obese into adulthood -WHO." Philippine Information Agency. https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1069276 (accessed March 11, 2021 at 02:42PM UTC+08).

* Philippine Infornation Agency. "FEATURE: Overweight, obese children likely to stay obese into adulthood -WHO." Archive Today. https://archive.ph/?run=1&url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1069276 (archived).

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janedthomas · 7 years

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Making Company More Market and Customer Driven: A Winsome Strategy

The basic purpose of formulating a customer-driven marketing strategy is to target a specific segment of the market. A firm should use the marketing research techniques well to identify some common demographic characteristics such as gender, age and vocation and income level to know which customer like what type of goods.

Once the company gets such idea, then it would be simpler to frame its relevant policies keeping the target customers in its mind. When a firm knows more about its customer base, it will be easier to develop a business plan accordingly.

It reduces wastage of money, time and efforts. Such strategies focus towards meeting the needs of the customers first by offering them better quality products and services. The latest consumer support survey claims that around 91% of the consumers prefer products and services that especially cater to their interests and needs than the generic products.

Formulating Customer-Driven Strategies Tricks and Techniques

1) Address the Consumer’s Needs:

The primary step towards building a customer-driven marketing strategy is to address the need of the consumers while trying to live up to their expectations and demands. For example, if the initial market research says that your customers want a high level of services, then the firm has to fulfill that goal of the consumers at the earliest.

2) Towards Building Customer Loyalty:

Creating a permanent base of consumers is equally significant. Customer-driven marketing strategy prompts a firm to build a team of faithful customers who can stand by with the company’s decision every time the company takes an important decision or launches a new product.

The 2016 market research study has stated that having 20% of the trustworthy customers are far greater than having 90% of the undecided ones. Therefore, a firm should always stress more towards creating a pool of loyal customers first then comes the rest.

3) Taking Customer Feedback:

Taking customer’s feedback regularly is a good idea to let them feel delighted, and do things as per their strategy or wish. For example, if a customer wants a modern FMCG product that meets the international standards, then the firm must try to launch such products without wasting any further time.

In addition, if consumers give feedback that they want a new office or store of the company to open near the railway station, then the company must do so.

4) Gaining Referrals:

Generating referrals is a part of a firm’s customer-driven marketing approach. The firm should encourage the existing customers to spread the word about the firm and its products or services to masses leading to wider mouth publicity, which is equally as evocative as the print media advertisement and TV Commercials.

5) Let Customers Decide:

This trick is highly successful in the restaurant business when consumers get an option to choose their appropriate food and menu depending upon their tastes. For example, let the consumers or visitors choose what kind of vegetables, fruits, and soups they want in the breakfast menu.

6) Shift Goal Towards Customer Retention:

Interestingly, 70% of the companies offering excellent product and services to the consumers do have enormous faith in customer feedback. Therefore, apart from finding new potential clients, the company should also try to retain its existing customers. Existing customers are always an asset to the firm and form a part of the company’s customer-driven marketing strategy.

7) Need-Based Marketing Policies:

A customer may have immense expectations of a company. However, the company has to fulfill those needs that are feasible and profitable from the business angels. For example, certain customers may need lower priced products while other customers may need costly products, thus, it is important to analyze the need of the customers and frames the company’s policy accordingly.

8) Geography and Cultural Factors:

The culture factor plays a lead role in the customer’s purchasing decision. For example, a person sitting in the England might not require Indian spices owing to the lesser demand for Indian spices in those areas.

Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to chalk out his strategy effectively as per the location of his business operation. Around 80% of the consumers are likely, to use products that pertaining to their nation’s boundaries. Rest is the consumers who prefer buying products outside their geographical boundaries.

9) Offer Unique and Innovative Products:

Customers also get bored with the availability of similar products in the market. Every time they go to market, they always search something creative and unexpected. The 2017 survey on consumer behavior has stated that 90% of the consumers are likely to buy products that are new and improved. Therefore, a company needs to leverage it for a greater response.

10) Free Offers and Discounts:

As a part of the customer and market-driven strategy, the company should offer free-gifts and discounts to customers from time to time. Free-gifts create memorable impacts in the minds of the customers while compelling them to buy more products from the same company repetitively.

The 2016 customer survey report claimed that 93% of the customers keep buying a product from the same brand repeatedly that offers alluring offers and massive discount rates. However, there a thin line between what a company offers to its new customers and old customers. Ideally, a company should offer equal benefits and offers to both of them.

However, in some sectors, such as the telecom business, new customers are able to derive more benefits than old consumers are. It is strictly bad and may prove detrimental to the health of the company and its business strategy. Any partiality between old and new customers could literally disappoint the existing loyal customers of the firm and might infuriate them to such an extent that they stop buying products from that company.

It is true that one angry customer can do irreparable damage to a firm. So, any customer-friendly organization should always maintain equality between its new and old customers and offer them the same benefits and offers without aggrieving both the parties.

The Business Philosophy

Every entrepreneur should have a philosophy to give impetus to its market-driven business strategy. Without appropriate school of thoughts, the company is just like a directionless ship that moves on here and there without a specific destination.

In recent times, to create a successful market and customer-driven strategy, every company comes out with a completely new philosophy. It acts as a strong foundation to fulfill the company’s dream of accomplishing a customer-driven market strategy.

1) The Concept of Right Production:

If the company wishes to target middle-class customers, then it has to start developing affordable products at a convincing price. The Accenture statistics revealed that around 87% of the customers forsake a brand due to its poor consumer service. Therefore, apart from the product, the company has to look at the quality of the customer support services as well.

2) The Concept of Right Selling:

If people are reluctant to buying products such as insurance, and other financial products, then large-scale selling and promotion are keys in this regard. A firm needs to campaign aggressively to augment its marketing strategy and get desired success.

KYC or Know Your Customer initiative is a good way to know about customers and their preferences. Companies can keep it as a reference to future use. In most countries, around 80% of the insurance firms and Banks make it mandatory for the customers to fill KYC form.

3) Social Marketing Concept:

A firm has to consider about customer’s short-term wants and fulfill the company’s operational requirements, and then it should follow the customer’s long-term interests while retaining the company’s loyal customers. By doing so, the company will be able to deliver valuable services to customers. It is sufficient to step to maintain a short-term and long-term relationship with the company’s countless consumers.

Retaining Long-Time Success in Market-Driven Strategy

The basis of a lucrative market and customer-driven strategy begins by keeping the customers’ requirement paramount. A customer and market-driven strategy are completely futile if it does not give due importance to consumers.

The 2016 statistics on the consumer survey have revealed that around 90% of the consumers immediately stop using a product because of the firm’s poor service quality. Such things are a strict no-no in entrepreneurship. In order to ensure that the company fulfills its customer-centric goals, tweaking business strategy from the customer’s point of view will be extremely helpful and fruitful.

About - Leads Junction

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from Leads Junction https://www.leads-junction.com/consumer-driven-marketing-strategy/ source https://leadsjunctioncom.tumblr.com/post/170570885025

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assignmenthelpinusa · 7 years

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Tile Installation & Repairs Services Near Me Indianola WA 98129

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hudsonespie · 4 years

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The Serious Health Risks of a Polluted Ocean

[By Jacqueline McGlade and Philip Landrigan]

Ocean pollution is widespread, worsening, and poses a clear and present danger to human health and wellbeing. But the extent of this danger has not been widely comprehended – until now. Our recent study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the impacts of ocean pollution on human health.

Ocean pollution is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilisers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80 percent arises from land-based sources and it reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, deposition from the atmosphere – where airborne pollutants are washed into the ocean by rain and snow – and direct dumping, such as pollution from waste water treatment plants and discarded waste. Ocean pollution is heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coastlines of low-income and middle-income countries.

Will Stahl-Timmins/Boston College/Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Author provided

Ocean pollution can also be found far beyond national jurisdictions in the open oceans, the deepest oceanic trenches, and on the shores of remote islands. Ocean pollution knows no borders.

The most hazardous ocean pollution

Plastic waste is the most visible component of ocean pollution. More than ten million tonnes of plastic enter the seas every year. The majority of this breaks down into microplastic particles and accumulates in coastal and deep-sea sediments.

Some large pieces float in the water for decades ending up as massive concentrations where currents converge and circulate. The Pacific Ocean’s so called “garbage patch” is a well-known example.

Microplastics contain multiple toxic chemicals that are added to plastics to make them flexible, colourful, waterproof or flame-resistant. These include carcinogens, neurotoxins, and endocrine disruptors – chemicals that interfere with hormones, and can cause cancer, birth defects, and reduced fertility.

These chemical-laden particles enter the food chain and accumulate in fish and shellfish. When humans eat seafood contaminated with these materials, we ingest millions of microplastic particles and the many chemicals they carry. Though there is still debate on the harm to humans from microplastics, exposure to these chemicals increases the risk of all the diseases that they cause. Virtually all of us have microplastics in our bodies today.

Mercury is widespread in the oceans, and the major culprit is coal burning in homes and industry. All coal contains mercury, and when it burns, mercury vaporises, enters the atmosphere, and eventually washes into the sea. Gold mining is another source, as mercury is used to dissolve gold from the ore.

Mercury can accumulate to high levels in predatory fish such as tuna and swordfish, which are in turn eaten by us. Contaminated fish can be especially dangerous if eaten by expectant mothers. Exposure of mercury to infants in the womb can damage developing brains, reducing IQ and increasing risks for autism, ADHD, and other learning disorders. Adult mercury exposure increases risks for heart disease and dementia.

Petroleum pollutants from oil spills threaten the marine microorganisms that produce much of the Earth’s oxygen by reducing their capacity for photosynthesis. These beneficial microorganisms use solar energy to convert atmospheric CO? into oxygen and are also affected by organic pollutants and other chemicals. When there is a major oil spill, the impact can be huge.

Coastal pollution from industrial waste, agricultural runoff, pesticides, and sewage increases the frequency of harmful algal blooms, known as red tides, brown tides, and green tides. These blooms produce powerful toxins like ciguatera and domoic acid that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause dementia, amnesia, paralysis, and even rapid death. When inhaled, they can cause asthma.

Dangerous microorganisms result from a combination of coastal pollution and warming seas, which encourages their spread. Harmful bacteria such as the vibrio species – found in warmer waters and responsible for vibriosis, a potentially fatal illness – are now appearing further north and causing life-threatening infections. There’s a high risk that cholera, caused by vibrio cholerae, could spread to new, previously unaffected areas.

And the health impacts of ocean pollution fall disproportionately on indigenous peoples, coastal communities and vulnerable populations in the Global South, underlining the planetary scale of this environmental injustice.

Political will and scientific evidence

While the findings in this report are alarming, the good news is that ocean pollution, as with all forms of pollution, can be controlled and prevented. Bans on single-use plastics and better waste sorting can curb pollution at its source, especially plastic waste, both on land and at sea.

Wise governments have curbed other forms of pollution by deploying control strategies based on law, policy, technology, and targeted enforcement. The US, for example, has reduced air pollution by 70% since the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970. They have saved thousands of lives. They have proven highly cost-effective.

Countries around the world are now applying these same tools to control ocean pollution. Boston Harbour in Massachusetts and Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong have been cleaned. Estuaries from Chesapeake Bay in the US to the Seto Inland Sea in Japan have been rejuvenated. Some coral reefs have been restored, such as those in American Samoa, where vigilance, protection and quick response have happened in relation to various pollution threats.

These successes have boosted economies, increased tourism, restored fisheries, and improved health. They demonstrate that broad control of ocean pollution is feasible and their benefits will last for centuries. Our study offers some clear recommendations for preventing and controlling ocean pollution, including transitioning to cleaner energy, developing affordable alternatives to fossil fuel-based plastics, reducing human, agricultural and industrial discharges, and expanding Marine Protected Areas.

Protecting the planet is a global concern and our collective responsibility. Leaders who recognise the gravity of ocean pollution, acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society, and take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be essential for preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding our own health.

Jacqueline McGlade is Professor of Natural Prosperity, Sustainable Development and Knowledge Systems at UCL.

Philip Landrigan is Professor and Director, Global Public Health Program and Global Pollution Observatory, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science.

This article appears courtesy of The Conversation and may be found in its original form here.

from Storage Containers https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/the-serious-health-risks-of-a-polluted-ocean via http://www.rssmix.com/

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devendramarket-blog · 7 years

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Flexible Packaging Market is Predicted to Grow at 5.92% CAGR During The Forecast Period – 2017 to 2023

Market research future published a cooked research report on global Flexible packaging market. The global market for global flexible packaging market is expected to grow over the CAGR of 5.92% during the period 2017 to 2023

Global Flexible Packaging Market Information by Material (Plastic, Paper, Aluminum, and others), by Products (Pouches, Bags, Wraps, and others), by Printing Technology (Flexography, Digital printing, and others), by Application (Pharmaceutical, Food & Beverages, Personal Care, and others) and Region - Forecast to 2023.

Globally, flexible packaging market is growing due to growing demand from food & beverages industry and innovation in packaging products. Factors driving flexible packaging market are its light weight, recyclable characteristics and feasible for usage. Many manufacturing industries are shifting to flexible packaging as there is growing demand by consumers.

Get a sample report at https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/1151 .

Flexible packaging is essentially a package or container made of flexible or materials that, when filled or closed, can bend while still holding the shape. The growth of flexible packaging market is influenced by increased consumption of processed foods & beverages, innovation in packaging and environmental advantage of such packaging. However, fluctuation in raw material prices and stringent regulations on packaging material waste and recycling expected to hinder the growth of the flexible packaging market.

Flexible packaging has wide applications in the F&B industry, mainly due to its features such as ease of handling, reduced production & shipment costs, and eco-friendliness. Also, the rise in population in many countries, has led to an increase in food & beverage consumption, which ultimately increases the demand of flexible packaging products. Technological advancements in packaging plays a vital role in driving the growth of flexible packaging market. . Due to this, many companies are investing in R&D and are coming up with advanced flexible packaging products with barrier resistance properties.

APAC held the largest market share in the global flexible packaging market in 2016. Asia-Pacific region is comprised of countries such as China, India, and Japan, which are the leading exporters of goods to various parts of the world. The increasing exports from these countries is leading to the growth of the flexible packaging market. The booming e-commerce market in the region is also contributing to the growth of the flexible packaging market. The e-commerce market is boosted by the increasing internet penetration.

Browse complete report at https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/flexible-packaging-market-1151 .

Scope of the report This study provides an overview of the global flexible packaging industry, tracking four market segments across four geographic regions. The report studies key players, providing a five-year annual trend analysis that highlights market size, volume and share for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World. The report also provides a forecast, focusing on the market opportunities for the next five years for each region. The scope of the study segments the global flexible packaging market as material, Package type and application. Market Segmentation by material includes – plastic, paper, aluminum, and others. Market categorization on basis of product includes pouches, bags, wraps, and others. On the basis of printing technology, it is segmented as flexography, digital printing, and others, Furthermore, on the basis of application the market of flexible packaging is segmented as food & beverages, pharmaceuticals, personal care, other industries.

Key Players The key players of global Flexible Packaging market report includes

· Amcor Limited (Australia)

· Bemis Company, Inc. (U.S.)

· Constantia Flexible Group GmbH (Austria)

· Huhtamaki Group (Finland)

· Clondalkin Group Holdings B.V. (The Netherlands)

· Coveris Holdings S.A. (U.S.)

· Sonoco Products Company (U.S.)

Get a discount at https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/check-discount/1151 .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Executive Summary 12

2 Introduction 14 2.1 Definition 14 2.2 Scope of the Study 14 2.3 Assumptions 14 2.4 Market Structure 15

3 Research Methodology 17 3.1 Research Process 17 3.2 Primary Research 18 3.3 Secondary Research 18 3.4 Market Size Estimation 18 3.5 Forecast Model 20

4 Market Dynamics 21 4.1 Drivers 22 4.1.1 Growing demand from food & beverage industry 22 4.1.2 Innovation in packaging 22 4.1.3 Environmental advantage of flexible packaging 23 4.2 Impact Analysis 23 4.3 Restraints 23 4.3.1 Fluctuation in raw material prices 23 4.3.2 Stringent regulations regarding plastic and recycled materials 24 4.4 Impact Analysis 24 4.5 Opportunities 24 4.5.1 Scope in the Developing Nations 24

5 Market Factor Analysis 26 5.1 Value Chain Analysis 26 5.2 Porter's 5 Forces Analysis 27 5.2.1 Threat of New Entrants 28 5.2.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 28 5.2.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers 28 5.2.4 Threat of Substitutes 28 5.2.5 Rivalry 28

6 Global Flexible Packaging Market, by Material 29 6.1 Introduction 30 6.2 Plastic 30 6.3 Paper 30 6.4 Aluminum 30 6.5 Others 30

7 Global Flexible Packaging Market, By Product 32 7.1 Introduction 33 7.2 Pouches 33 7.3 Bags 33 7.4 Wraps 33 7.5 Others 33

8 Global Flexible Packaging Market, By Printing Technology 35 8.1 Introduction 36 8.2 Flexography 36 8.3 Digital Printing 36 8.4 Others 36

9 Global Flexible Packaging Market, By Application 38 9.1 Introduction 39 9.2 Food & Beverages 39 9.3 Pharmaceuticals 39 9.4 Personal Care 39 9.5 Others 39

10 Global Flexible Packaging Market, By Region 41 10.1 Introduction 42 10.2 North America 43 10.2.1 U.S 46 10.2.2 Canada 48 10.3 Europe 50 10.3.1 Germany 52 10.3.2 U.K. 54 10.3.3 France 56 10.3.4 Spain 58 10.3.5 Italy 60 10.3.6 Rest of Europe 62 10.4 Asia-Pacific 64 10.4.1 China 67 10.4.2 Japan 69 10.4.3 India 71 10.4.4 Rest of Asia-Pacific 72 10.5 Rest of World 75 10.5.1 South America 77 10.6 Middle East & Africa 79

11 Competitive Scenario 82 11.1 Competitive Landscape 82 11.1.1 Merger and Acquisition 83 11.1.2 Expansion 84 11.1.3 New Product Development 84 11.1.4 Partnership and Collaboration 84

12 Company Profiles 85 12.1 Amcor Limited 85 12.1.1 Company Overview 85 12.1.2 Financial Overview 85 12.1.3 Product/Service Offering 86 12.1.4 Strategy 87 12.1.5 Key developments 88 12.1.6 SWOT Analysis 88 12.2 Constantia Flexibles Group GmbH 89 12.2.1 Company Overview 89 12.2.2 Financial Overview 89 12.2.3 Product/Service Offering 90 12.2.4 Strategy 91 12.2.5 Key developments 92 12.3 Mondi Group 93 12.3.1 Company Overview 93 12.3.2 Financial Overview 93 12.3.3 Product/Service Offering 95 12.3.4 Strategy 95 12.3.5 Key developments 96 12.4 Sealed Air Corporation 97 12.4.1 Company Overview 97 12.4.2 Financial Overview 97 12.4.1 Product/Service Offering 98 12.4.2 Strategy 98 12.4.3 Key developments 99 12.4.4 SWOT Analysis 99 12.5 CellPack Packaging 100 12.5.1 Company Overview 100 12.5.2 Financial Overview 100 12.5.3 Product/Service Offering 100 12.6 Sonoco Products Company 101 12.6.1 Company Overview 101 12.6.2 Financial Overview 101 12.6.3 Product/Service Offering 102 12.6.4 Strategy 102 12.6.5 SWOT Analysis 103 12.7 Coveris Company 104 12.7.1 Company Overview 104 12.7.2 Financial Overview 104 12.7.3 Product/Service Offering 106 12.7.4 Strategy 106 12.7.5 SWOT Analysis 107 12.8 Huhtamaki Group 108 12.8.1 Company Overview 108 12.8.2 Financial Overview 108 12.8.3 Product/Service Offering 109 12.8.4 Strategy 110 12.8.5 SWOT Analysis 111 12.9 Bemis Company Inc. 112 12.9.1 Financial Overview 112 12.9.2 Product/Service Offering 113 12.9.3 Strategy 113 12.9.4 SWOT Analysis 114 12.10 Ampac 115 12.10.1 Financial Overview 115 12.10.2 Product/Service Offering 115 12.10.3 Strategy 115 12.11 Flair Flexible Packaging Corporation 117 12.11.1 Financial Overview 117 12.11.2 Product/Service Offering 117 12.11.3 Strategy 117

Contact: Akash Anand Market Research Future Magarpatta Road, Hadapsar, Pune - 411028 Maharashtra, India +1 646 845 9312 Email: [email protected] Web: Https://Www.Marketresearchfuture.Com

#FlexiblePackaging

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workreveal-blog · 7 years

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Low calorie Food : Fitness goals

New Post has been published on https://workreveal.biz/low-calorie-food-fitness-goals/

Low calorie Food : Fitness goals

Each person now speak approximately KitKat and ready impatiently to try out the brand new recipe. No fitness gains for the general public — just a federal family members triumph for Nestle.

Even extra disturbing, though, are the attempts to update the unlimited amount of sugar in many of our food and drink through lacing them with synthetic sweeteners — a lot of which come with their personal traumatic health warnings. Tesco, as an instance, becomes extensively lauded for responding to the threatened sugar tax on soft drinks through cutting the quantity of sugar in all 251 of its personal brand drinks.’

food

Those beverages now comprise less than 5g of sugar in line with 100ml — the level at which the levy is meant to kick in — and we will assume many other manufacturers to comply with a match. Indeed, Coca-Cola says next month it’ll launch a brand new recipe for Fanta, with its sugar content decreased by a third — though the recipe has no longer been revealed. Responding to the circulate, fitness Minister Nicola Blackwood joined Britain’s fitness and weight problems charities in applauding the store for its innovation. ‘it is outstanding to see Tesco main the field by reducing the level of sugar in their personal brand drinks,’ she gushed. ‘it is proof taking added sugar out of drinks is feasible and in keeping with what customers want.’ But in a standard enterprise pass, Tesco is replacing sugar with something that may be at least as horrific for us — a sweetener called sucralose. This first rate-sweet, low-calorie food — that’s up to 650 instances sweeter than sugar — has been delivered to the beverages to make up for the sizeable amount of sugar that’s been removed. Of direction, these varieties of synthetic sweeteners are imagined to assist us to shed pounds. But evidence from an extensive range of scholarly studies now indicates that they don’t. In reality, they could truly make some people pile on pounds. That is due to the fact those synthetic substitutes can intrude with our metabolisms in diffused, but now and then dangerous approaches. Some of them May additionally even increase our hazard of developing kind two diabetes. In January, a document via researchers at Imperial University London warned that ‘a long way from assisting to clear up the worldwide weight problems crisis, synthetic sweeteners are a potential hazard issue for noticeably common persistent sicknesses.’ Indeed, one American observer determined that folks that drink food plan soda at least as soon as an afternoon have a two-thirds greater risk of growing kind two diabetes than people who don’t devour weight loss program liquids. Some other big examine — which observed heaps of humans for ten years — found those who drank more than 21 weight loss plan drinks every week were at two times the danger of turning into the overweight or obese. And the other eating regimen soda human beings drank, the spare the risk. Defenders of artificial sweeteners argue they eat up by way of people who have unhealthy lifestyles, which twists the information. However, Studies in the Magazine Gut Microbes has advised there is extra to it than this. It determined that chemicals in synthetic sweeteners together with sucralose, saccharin and aspartame May also intrude with the critical stability of bacteria in our Intestine.

Using excessive-tech trying out strategies, Israeli researchers determined the synthetic sweeteners can kill off microorganism that preserves our metabolisms healthful. Additionally, they enable unhealthy bacteria linked with diabetes to thrive. As an result, consumers of synthetic sweeteners suffered a large reduction in their our bodies’ capacity to manipulate blood sugar tiers. That is one of the main signs and symptoms of developing diabetes. In tests on 381 people, the researchers discovered that now not handiest did members’ capacity to modify blood sugar lessen, But their weight and blood strain rose in a potentially dangerous way. Worryingly, that isn’t the only manner sweeteners had been located to threaten our health. When we consume meals that have been artificially sweetened, it seems our brains are not fooled. Having tasted the sweetness, they are left craving the real energy that they anticipate from sugar. When no calories arrive, our minds are left yearning sugary food and drinks greater than ever, Research via Yale University located. In impact, our minds say: ‘Adequate; I were given the wonder, But wherein are the energy?’

Measure Calories

Because of this ‘cheated of calories’ effect, sweeteners Might also even motive hyperactivity and insomnia, a separate study determined. Our calorie-hungry brains positioned us right into a restless, starving Kingdom until we assuage them via snacking on properly sugary foods, indicates this Studies.

Insomnia itself is a purpose of obesity, as sleeplessness reasons our appetite hormones to run insurrection. Even without The use of synthetic sweeteners, meals manufacturers can use Any other approach to cut sugar — But without benefiting our fitness. This centers on something known as the ‘bliss factor.’ Comfort-meals makers use this period to describe an actual ratio of sugar, fat, and salt which can make foods too fascinating to resist. Meals that hit this ‘bliss point’ are desperate to stop ingesting — a few say they may be addictive. Researchers at the College of California say meals containing these combinations of sugars, salts, and fats overstimulate the brain’s praise circuits, referred to as the endocannabinoid machine. These may be thought of as the body’s own ‘herbal hashish,’ in line with their Studies. In different words, so correctly focused are those ratios that junk ingredients like those bought with the aid of McDonald’s can induce drug-like delight. Crucially, even though producers need to reduce one of the ‘blisspoint’ components, raising either of the other can usually compensate and convey the same impact.

Curiously, the new KitKat seems to were reformulated along similar strains: its capability to remain so gratifying has been helped by using the addition of greater salt — raising its share of our endorsed daily consumption by way of 1 consistent with a cent. It’s far clear the need to cut the state’s sugar addiction, in particular amongst more young generations, is extra than ever. Most cancers Studies Uk says British teenagers on Common drink a tub complete of sticky liquids 12 months. They consume around 3 times the encouraged quantity of sugar every day; the primary supply of this being sugary drinks. But the movements of Tesco and Nestle display that says from Public health England — that new suggestions for slicing sugar in merchandise together with chocolate bars will help reduce the variety of overweight kids inside the Uk by way of one 5th are constructive at satisfactory. Leaving the meals industry to police itself is doomed to failure — because the KitKat reformulation suggests, and as former health secretary Andrew Lansley discovered out in 2011 while he left it to the industry to reduce salt in processed food, and nearly nothing became performed. Similarly, the sugar tax answer for tender liquids appears condemned to be stymied via cynicism on the part of the enterprise.

In his new e-book, NPR reporter Richard Harris picks thru a hassle which could corrode the destiny fortunes of health Studies if it isn’t constant: the reproducibility crisis.

As a former fitness biomedical researcher, I might describe “Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Technological know-how Creates Worthless Healing procedures, Crushes hope, and Wastes Billions” as a frustrating study — irritating and timely. Technical know-how is a pyramid. Researchers construct on every other’s findings, and this founding creed is based on being capable of replicate experiments performed by using different labs. However scientists in biomedicine are suffering to reproduce the work of others, hence the reproducibility disaster. And as Harris explains in 240 or so pages, the trouble is costing taxpayers:

Fitness goals

The problem of reproducibility in Biomedical Science has been simmering for many years. As some distance returned as the Sixties, scientists raised the alarm about pitfalls—for instance, warning that human cells extensively used in laboratory studies were Often by no means what they presupposed to be. In 2005, John Ioannidis posted a widely cited paper, titled “Why most published Studies Findings Are Fake,” that highlighted the substantial problems due to flimsy examine layout and evaluation.

At trouble is not absolutely that scientists are losing their time and our tax greenbacks; misleading Outcomes in Laboratory Studies are indeed slowing progress in the search for remedies and Cures. This painting is at the very heart of the advances in medication. Fundamental Research — The use of animals, cells, and the molecules of existence consisting of DNA — famous the underlying biology of fitness and ailment. Tons of this endeavor is known as “Preclinical Studies” with the wish that discoveries will cause actual human studies (inside the health center). However, if these preclinical findings are profoundly wrong, scientists can spend years (not to mention untold millions of bucks) misplaced in dead ends.

Taken out of context, Harris’ ebook may be used to question the yearly $30 billion budget for the National Institutes of fitness, which supports 27 different institutes and facilities at the side of loads of hundreds at universities and groups. But the book is less a laundry listing of serious shortcomings and other a blueprint for ways to improve instructional Research on the complete.

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