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AZT Drug
Medical information for AZT on Pediatric Oncall including Mechanism, Indication, Contraindications, Dosing, Adverse Effect, Interaction, Renal Dose, Hepatic Dose.
#AZT#medication#medications#medicine#drug#drugs#drug information#medical information#drug index#drug center#pediatric dose#Zidovudine#HIV- NRTI#azt mechanism#azt indication#azt contraindications
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Abacavir
Names: -- Ziagen
Class: -- antiretroviral -- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Use: -- management of HIV infection in combination with other retrovirals -- combination prevents resistant strains from developing
Action: -- inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase -- this interferes with the order of transcription -- this terminates viral DNA growth
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Abacavir
Abacavir is an antiretroviral drug used for treating HIV. Abacavir part of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), curbing the viruss replication. Abacavir taken with other drugs as antiretroviral therapy (ART). Buy high quality Abacavir from Chemicea Pharmaceuticals. Chemicea Pharmaceuticals is one of the leading manufacturer and exporter of Abacavir.
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Abamune L Tablet: How It Works and Who It’s For — A Patient’s Guide
The main purpose of the antiviral drug Abamune L is to treat HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infections. Its two active components are abacavir (600 mg) and Lamivudine (300 mg). These medications are classified as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and they function by stopping the virus’s ability to grow and propagate throughout the body.
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Attend the speech of "Dr. Qun Dang" about “Azvudine: A Promising Novel Nucleoside for HIV, COVID-19, and Potential Liver Cancer Treatment at the 14GASTROUCG.
In the ever-evolving landscape of medical science, the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents are critical in combating infectious diseases and chronic illnesses. One such promising candidate that has garnered attention is Azvudine, a novel nucleoside with potential applications in treating HIV, COVID-19, and possibly liver cancer. This multifaceted drug offers hope across several challenging medical fields. The Journey of Azvudine Azvudine, also known by its research name FNC, is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Originally developed for its antiviral properties, particularly against HIV, Azvudine functions by incorporating itself into viral DNA during replication, leading to premature termination of the viral genome's synthesis. This mechanism is similar to other NRTIs, which are a cornerstone in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Azvudine in HIV Treatment HIV continues to be a significant global health challenge, with millions of people affected worldwide. The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the prognosis for HIV-positive individuals, transforming what was once a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition. However, the emergence of drug-resistant HIV strains necessitates the continuous development of new treatments. Azvudine has shown promising results in clinical trials as part of combination therapy for HIV. It exhibits potent antiviral activity and a favorable safety profile. What sets Azvudine apart is its ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of HIV strains, including those resistant to other NRTIs. This makes it a valuable addition to the ART arsenal, potentially offering a new line of defense against drug-resistant HIV variants. Azvudine's Role in COVID-19 Treatment The global COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for effective antiviral treatments. Researchers quickly pivoted to evaluate existing drugs and develop new ones that could help manage and mitigate the virus's spread. Azvudine emerged as a candidate due to its antiviral properties. Studies have indicated that Azvudine may inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Preliminary data suggest that it can reduce viral load in infected patients, potentially leading to better clinical outcomes. While more extensive clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety, Azvudine's potential as a COVID-19 treatment is an exciting development in the fight against the pandemic.
Potential in Liver Cancer Treatment
Beyond its antiviral capabilities, Azvudine has sparked interest in oncology, particularly in treating liver cancer. Liver cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with limited effective treatment options available, especially in advanced stages.
Recent preclinical studies have shown that Azvudine may have anti-tumor activity against liver cancer cells. The mechanism behind this potential effect is not fully understood, but it may involve inhibiting viral proteins or pathways that contribute to cancer progression. While this research is still in its early stages, it opens up new avenues for exploring Azvudine's utility beyond viral infections.
The Future of Azvudine
As a novel nucleoside, Azvudine's versatility in treating various diseases makes it a significant subject of interest in medical research. Its potential applications in HIV, COVID-19, and possibly liver cancer highlight the drug's broad therapeutic scope. However, further clinical trials and studies are essential to fully understand its efficacy, safety, and optimal use.
The development of Azvudine is a testament to the rapid advancements in medical science and the continuous search for new treatments to address some of the most pressing health challenges. As research progresses, Azvudine could become a critical tool in the fight against viral infections and certain cancers, offering hope to millions of patients worldwide.
In conclusion, Azvudine represents a beacon of hope in the medical community, with its potential to treat a range of conditions from HIV and COVID-19 to liver cancer. As we await more definitive clinical data, the excitement around this novel nucleoside continues to grow, promising a brighter future in global healthcare.
Important Information:
Conference Name: 14th World Gastroenterology, IBD & Hepatology Conference Short Name: 14GHUCG2024 Dates: December 17-19, 2024 Venue: Dubai, UAE Email: [email protected] Visit: https://gastroenterology.universeconferences.com/ Call for Papers: https://gastroenterology.universeconferences.com/submit-abstract/ Register here: https://gastroenterology.universeconferences.com/registration/ Exhibitor/Sponsor: https://gastroenterology.universeconferences.com/exhibit-sponsor-opportunities/ Call Us: +1 (207) 707-7298 WhatsApp Us: +442033222718
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Bridging the Gap: How the Global Prophylactic HIV Drugs Market is Expanding Access to Care
The prophylactic HIV drugs market is witnessing significant expansion, with robust growth projected in the coming decade. In 2023, the market size reached an estimated USD 32,516.1 million, driven by increased investment in HIV research and development, rising drug approvals, and a surge in HIV incidence rates.
According to Future Market Insights, the market is forecasted to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.1% between 2023 and 2033, reaching a valuation of approximately USD 48,822.4 million by 2033. This growth trajectory underscores the critical importance of prophylactic HIV drugs in combating the global HIV/AIDS epidemic.
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Global sales of HIV prophylaxis drugs are projected to reach a value of about USD30 billion by 2021. Owing to growing awareness of HIV and the rising prevalence of HIV infection worldwide, As for AIDS prevention, between 2022 and 2032, the market for preventative HIV drugs grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4%, reaching USD 40 billion in 2028.
HIV has been a major global cause of death for many years, impacting millions of people. People whose immune systems are compromised by the virus are more susceptible to a range of ailments and cancers. HIV can be controlled even when there isn’t a long-term cure by expanding access to adequate care, diagnosis, medication, and prevention.
Prophylactic HIV Drugs: A Powerful Prevention Tool
Effective management techniques are available for HIV, even though a long-term cure is still unattainable. One of the most important aspects of fighting the virus is expanding access to care, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention services. HIV prevention medications are becoming an essential weapon in the fight against HIV infection. These cutting-edge treatments work especially well at preventing HIV transmission through drug injection and sexual contact.
Focus on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP):
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), one of the preventive HIV medications, is becoming increasingly popular because of its great effectiveness. The risk of HIV infection from sex and injectable drug use can be considerably decreased with PrEP, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by 74% and 99%, respectively. The extraordinary efficacy of PrEP is spearheading a global movement for its expanded usage.
Market Competition:
Some of the prominent players operating in the global market are-
Gilead Sciences, Inc
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Merck & Co. Inc.
Mylan NV
Cipla Inc.
Genentech Inc.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Johnson & Johnson Health Care Systems Inc
Pfizer Inc.
GalaxoSmithKline PLC
Notable Developments of the Key Players in the Market
In April 2023, Merck & Co (MRK.N) confirmed that it is going to buy Prometheus Biosciences Inc (RXDX.O) for about $10.8 billion, by picking up a promising experimental treatment for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and building up its presence in immunology.
In November 2022, Merck, known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, and Imago BioSciences, Inc. (“Imago”) announced that the companies have entered into a definitive agreement under which Merck, through a subsidiary, might acquire Imago for US$ 36.00 per share in cash for around total equity value of US$ 1.35 billion.
Key Companies Profiled:
Gilead Sciences, Inc
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Merck & Co. Inc.
Mylan NV
Cipla Inc.
Genentech Inc.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Johnson & Johnson Health Care Systems Inc
Pfizer Inc.
GalaxoSmithKline PLC
Key Segments Profiled in the Prophylactic HIV Drugs Industry Survey:
By Drug Class:
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
Integrase Inhibitor
By Distributional Channel:
Hospital Pharmacies
Retail Pharmacies
Mail Order Pharmacies
Drug Stores
By Region:
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia Pacific Excluding Japan
Japan
The Middle East and Africa
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Navigating Opportunities: Understanding the Global HIV Drugs Market Size
The HIV Drugs Market size is expected to reach USD 43.06 Bn by 2031 and was valued at USD 32.7 Bn in 2023, the CAGR growth rate for HIV drug market is expected 3.5% over the forecast period of 2024-2031. The HIV drugs market is a dynamic landscape, characterized by continual innovation and advancements in treatment options. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the prognosis for individuals living with HIV has drastically improved, transforming what was once considered a terminal illness into a chronic condition. This market encompasses a wide array of medications, ranging from nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to protease inhibitors (PIs) and integrase inhibitors (INIs), each targeting different stages of the HIV replication cycle. Furthermore, the emergence of novel drug delivery mechanisms, such as long-acting injectables and implants, is reshaping the treatment paradigm by offering improved adherence and convenience for patients. As research continues to unravel the complexities of HIV pathogenesis and drug resistance, the future of the HIV drugs market holds promise for more effective therapies with fewer side effects, ultimately driving towards the goal of achieving an HIV-free world.
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Market Scope & Overview
The research looks into the major variables affecting the expansion of the global market. The report used a bottom-up approach to gather and forecast data for a wide range of industrial verticals and end-user industries, as well as their reach across several categories, in order to determine the overall size of the HIV Drugs Market market throughout the forecast period. Market actors may use market data to create plans to improve their competitive position.
The HIV Drugs Market research report covers all of these topics in great detail, including the Porter's Five Forces analysis, significant segments, drivers, opportunities, and the competitive environment. For business experts, stakeholders, investors, VPs, and newcomers who want to learn more about the company and formulate a competitive strategy, this study is an excellent resource.
Market Segmentation Analysis
By Drug Class
Integrase Inhibitors
Non- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors (NRITs)
Combination HIV medicines
Others
By Distribution Channel
Hospital Pharmacies
Retail Pharmacies
Online Pharmacies
Others
COVID-19 Impact Analysis
Due to the COVID-19 lockout, it was necessary to create original strategies for dealing with future occurrences while sustaining steady growth. The market research report also provides advice for overcoming pandemic-like situations and lessening their harmful effects. The HIV Drugs Market was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic. Due to delays in new developments, the industry has also been suspended internationally.
Regional Outlook
With a focus on North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa, the HIV Drugs Market research report digs into market aspects including estimations for total price from top manufacturers and trends toward advancement in various regions of the world.
Competitive Analysis
The research report offers a complete analysis of the worldwide HIV Drugs Market and suggests important adjustments that market players should take into account when developing their business plans. To gain market dominance, these companies have used partnerships, product development, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, diversification, and joint ventures.
Key Reasons to Purchase HIV Drugs Market Report
To identify important geographic regions and leading nations that have a substantial impact on market revenue, the researchers conduct geographic study.
Prospect information may be used by market participants to evaluate potential and formulate their next moves.
Report Conclusion
Manufacturers, distributors, dealers, and policymakers may use the data from the market research report to assess which industry sectors should be prioritized in the upcoming years in order to plan investments and take advantage of the HIV Drugs Market expansion.
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How does lamivudine work?
Lamivudine is from a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Your doctor will prescribe lamivudine as part of your HIV treatment, along with antiretrovirals from another class of drugs. It is important to take all the drugs as prescribed, every day. Each drug class works against HIV in a different way.
The aim of HIV treatment is to reduce the level of HIV in your body (viral load). Ideally, your viral load should become so low that it is undetectable – usually less than 50 copies of virus per ml of blood.
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Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) is an antiviral drug that is approved for the treatment of HIV infection. It is able to reduce the amount of HIV in the blood, help prevent or reverse damage to the immune system and reduce the risk of AIDS-related illnesses. It is also a treatment for hepatitis.
Tenofovir belongs to the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) class of drugs. Like the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), NtRTIs inhibit an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is essential to the process of viral replication.
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Clinical Commissioning Policy: Dolutegravir for treatment of HIV-1 infection (all ages)
HIV treatment has improved greatly over the last two decades and standard of care now involves triple therapy, typically with two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus one of the following: a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r), a non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or an integrase inhibitor.
Effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) requires high adherence to drug regimes. Development of new ARV medicines often focuses on improvements in tolerability, reductions in toxicity and drug to drug interactions.
Effectiveness of ART is measured by an undetectable viral load. The proportion of treated individuals with a viral load less than 50 has improved (94% in 2016) which may be driven, at least in part, by improvements in drug choice. Current standard treatment is therefore effective for many people. The availability of generic ART has reduced the cost of standard treatment considerably. New drug treatments need to demonstrate both clinical and cost effectiveness over standard treatments.
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Post-Catalytic Complexes with Emtricitabine or Stavudine and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Reveal New Mechanistic Insights for Nucleotide Incorporation and Drug Resistance
Since its discovery in the early 1980s, the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been a major health issue with nearly 38.0 million people infected globally in 2019 according to the WHO [1]. Despite extensive research efforts, neither a cure nor a vaccine for HIV-1 infection has been discovered yet. However, a breakthrough has been achieved with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which significantly improves the life expectancy for patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Two of the six classes of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs for HIV-1 treatment target the reverse transcriptase (RT) protein, an enzyme critical for the replication cycle of HIV-1 [2]. These two classes are nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). While NNRTIs are allosteric inhibitors that alter the chemical catalysis rate limiting step through conformational changes [3,4], NRTIs mimic nucleotides that bind to the active site of RT. Since NRTIs lack the 30 -hydroxyl group necessary for chain elongation, their incorporation results in termination of the viral DNA transcription [5]. NRTIs are essential components of HAART and part of almost all FDA approved combination therapies for the treatment and protection of an infection with HIV. However, some FDA-approved NRTIs are now rarely prescribed (e.g., stavudine (d4T)) or discontinued (e.g., zalcitabine (ddC)) due to their off-target toxicity.
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Viread (Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate) for HIV Treatment & PrEP: Everything You Need to Know
https://www.thebody.com/health/hiv-viread-tenofovir-tdf
Viread (generic name: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; often abbreviated as TDF) is an anti-HIV medication taken as one pill once a day in combination with other medications. Viread is in a class of drugs called “nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors” (NRTIs), which stop HIV from making copies of itself.
Viread is available as a stand-alone drug, but it is usually used in combination with other drugs. Viread is included in a fixed-dose combination (FDC) pill called Truvada, which also includes an HIV drug called Emtriva (emtricitabine, FTC). Viread is also part of several other FDCs, including these single-dose treatment regimens (STRs) for HIV:
Atripla (TDF + FTC + Sustiva [efavirenz])
Complera (TDF + FTC + Edurant [rilpivirine])
Stribild (TDF + FTC + elvitegravir + cobicistat)
Viread was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for HIV in 2001. Generic versions of Viread are available in the U.S., and are included in a number of FDCs and STRs.
Viread is generally taken by adults as a single 300 mg pill orally once a day. Although the drug will work just as well whether it’s taken with or without food, taking Viread on an empty stomach can lead to abdominal pain or discomfort.
Some adults who have issues with their kidneys may be instructed to take Viread less frequently. Always follow your medical provider’s instructions for how and when to take Viread. For children who weigh at least 22 lbs (10 kg) and cannot swallow a tablet, Viread is also available in a powder form.
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'Symbiosis' by Brazilian Dinho Bento (@dinho_bento) for BUMP Festival 2023 in Calgary, Canada #dinhobento #lamolinastreetart | photo via artist mysl.nl/NRTi
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Gonorrhea: ceftriaxone 500 mg IM
Chlamydia: doxycycline 100 mg bid x7 days (do a pregnancy test first); alternative: azithromycin 1g x1
Syphilis: penicillin
Trichomonas: metronidazole 500 mg bid x7 days (intravaginal metronidazole is not effective); males: single dose oral metronidazole or tinidazole 2g
HIV/AIDS complications: CMV, MAC, PCP
HIV tx: dual NRTI + 3rd agent from a different class (INSTI, PI); dulategravir + tenofovir and either emtricitabine or lamivudine
Biktarvy = Bictegravir-tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine
Ritonavir-boosted darunavir + tenofovir and either emtricitabine or lamivudine
PrEP: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine 300-200 mg qd (Truvada); tenofovir-emtricitabine 25-200 mg (Descovy).
On demand 2-1-1 dosing: loading dose of TDF-FTC 2 tabs 2-24 hours before sexual activity, one tab 24 hours later, one tab 48 hours later (reduces transmission by 86%)
Long-acting cabotegravir is an integrase inhibitor that can be injected q8 weeks
Before starting PrEP: HIV test, BMP, other STIs, HCV/HBV
Contraindications to PrEP: HBV/HCV, CrCl< 60%
Post exposure prophylaxis: TDF-emtricitabine + integrase inhibitor (dolutegravir 50 mg) x28 days; should be started within 72 hours of exposure
Granite State PrEP Connect: resource for pts and providers
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HIV Testing After Post Exposure Prophylaxis
PEP Treatment in Delhi is a medical treatment that involves taking antiretroviral medications to prevent the potential transmission of HIV after a possible exposure. PEP is typically recommended for individuals who have been exposed to HIV through activities such as unprotected sexual intercourse, needle stick injuries, or other forms of potential contact with the virus.
Here are some key points about PEP treatment:
Timing: PEP should be started as soon as possible after the potential exposure to HIV, preferably within hours and no later than 72 hours (3 days) after the exposure. The earlier it is initiated, the more effective it is likely to be.
Duration: PEP usually involves taking a combination of antiretroviral medications for 28 days. Adhering to the prescribed regimen is crucial for the treatment's effectiveness.
Medications: The exact combination of antiretroviral medications used for PEP can vary. Commonly used medications may include those from classes like nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). The specific medications used will depend on factors such as the source of exposure and individual health considerations.
Effectiveness: PEP significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission when taken correctly and within the recommended timeframe. However, it is not 100% effective, and its effectiveness depends on various factors including how soon it is started after exposure.
Consult a Healthcare Professional: PEP is a medical intervention that should only be initiated and monitored by a qualified healthcare professional. If you believe you've been exposed to HIV, it's important to seek medical attention promptly to discuss the need for PEP.
Side Effects: Like any medication, antiretroviral used for PEP can have potential side effects. These can vary based on the specific medications used and individual factors. A healthcare provider will discuss potential side effects and how to manage them.
Follow-Up Testing: After completing the PEP regimen, individuals are typically advised to undergo follow-up HIV testing to ensure that the treatment was successful in preventing infection.
Remember, PEP is not a substitute for consistent and proper use of preventive measures such as condoms and safer injection practices. If you believe you've been exposed to HIV, it's important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to discuss your situation with a healthcare professional and determine if PEP is appropriate for you.
Certainly, here's some additional information about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP):
Eligibility: PEP is recommended for individuals who have had a significant exposure to HIV, such as unprotected sexual intercourse with a partner of unknown HIV status, sharing needles with someone who is HIV-positive, or being the recipient of a needle stick injury in a healthcare setting.
Initial Assessment: When you seek PEP, a healthcare provider will assess the nature of the exposure, the potential risk, and your individual health factors to determine if PEP is appropriate for you.
Prescription and Medication Adherence: If PEP is deemed necessary, your healthcare provider will prescribe a combination of antiretroviral medications. It's crucial to take the medications exactly as prescribed and to complete the full course, even if you experience side effects.
Side Effects: Common side effects of PEP medications can include nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache. Not everyone experiences side effects, and they are generally manageable. Your healthcare provider can provide guidance on managing side effects.
Regular Monitoring: During the PEP treatment period, your healthcare provider may schedule follow-up appointments to monitor your health and ensure that the medications are being tolerated well.
HIV Testing: PEP treatment does not immediately prevent HIV infection, and it's important to continue practicing safe behaviors during and after the treatment. After completing the PEP regimen, you'll be advised to undergo HIV testing at specific intervals to confirm that you remain HIV-negative.
Availability: PEP medications are prescription drugs, and their availability may vary based on location and healthcare settings. If you suspect you need PEP, seek medical care promptly.
Cost and Insurance: The cost of PEP medications and medical visits can vary. Some insurance plans may cover the cost, but it's important to check with your provider and understand your coverage.
Prevention Methods: While PEP is an important option for reducing the risk of HIV transmission after potential exposure, the best way to prevent HIV is to practice safer behaviors consistently. This includes using condoms during sexual activity, not sharing needles, and considering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for individuals at higher risk.
Confidentiality: Healthcare providers understand the sensitive nature of seeking PEP. They are committed to maintaining your privacy and confidentiality throughout the process.
If you believe you've been exposed to HIV, it's essential to seek medical care promptly. PEP is time-sensitive and is most effective when started as soon as possible after the exposure. Contact a healthcare professional or a healthcare facility to discuss your situation and determine the appropriate steps to take.
Dr. Raina’s Safe Hands Clinic
Dr. Vinod Raina Best HIV Treatment in Delhi
Contact Us-9136363692 | 9871605858
Address: — E-34, Ekta Apartments Saket
Near Malviya Nagar Metro Station Gate No-4
New Delhi-110017
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