#NH ou

[sasusakuispink]

Algo curioso é o kishimoto ter feito nh canon e ter trolado um monte de pessoas, será que isso não vai se repetir em boruto? 🤔

Eu sou multishipper mas nhina sempre teve mais o meu coração do que nsaku, no entanto, não podemos ignorar o desenvolvimento de nsaku como casal. 🤷‍♀️

Entendo o desconforto dos nh com nsaku, eu fico desconfortável com isso tbm. 😶

⚠️⚠️ Já aviso que no meu perfil do bluesky que está sendo criado serei -- MULTISHIPPER <

Mas o foco do meu perfil serão os casais que estão no meu fixado aqui. 🩷

🍥•🍥

Filtros e edições das imagens abaixo feitas por mim. 🌹

Se salvar, gostar ou usar curta e reposte. 🌹

[yeonplace]

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐏 - pack de plaquinhas

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐃os Minsung e Seungchan

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐅eita originalmente pelo designer

ㅤㅤ 𝐘eon𝐋aplace.

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐀o usar ou repassar

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐃eixe os devidos créditos

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐀 retirada dos créditos irá ser

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐂onsiderado plágio !.

╾┈┈┈╼ Separador - Minsung Ver.

ㅤㅤㅤ

╭──┄┄──┄┄──

│ ִ ׄ ִ ◍⃘ ִ ׄ ᘞ̲ ׄ ִ ׄ 🚀̼ ׄ ִ ✿̷ ʿʿ ♡̶

│◍⃘ ִ ׄ ִ ʿʿ 𝐋ᧉᧉ 𝐊𝗻𝗼w ִ ׄ ✦ ִ ׄ ୨ּ୧

│✿̼ ִ ׄ 𔓕̶ ִ ׄ ִ 𖤩 ִ ׄ ◍⃘ ♡̸ ִ ׄ 𑄹̲ ʾʾ ┤

──┄┄──┄┄─┘

🚀̷̲ ִ ׄ ִ ▦⃘ 𝐃ꪱssᧉrtação.

─┈┈─ 𝐅ala.

୨ּ୧ ִ ׄ ִ এ̲ 𝐑evꪱsαdo : sꪱm / nα̃o.

୨ּ୧ ִ ׄ ִ এ̲ 𝐍αmorαdꪱnhᧉ : ᧉscrᧉvα.

୨ּ୧ ִ ׄ ִ এ̲ 𝐃ᧉsꪱgnᧉr : ɥᧉonlαplαcᧉ.

╾┈┈┈╼ Separador.

ㅤㅤㅤ

┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┐

◐⃘ㅤִ ׄ 𔓕̶ ׄ ִ ׄ 🌙̼ ʿʿ ᘡ̲ ִ ׄ 𖤩 ʿʿ ✿̼│

୨ּৎ ׄ ִ ʿʿ ❀̼ 𝐇αn 𝐉ꪱ𝘀𝘂𝗻g ִ ׄ এ̲ ʿʿ│

├ ♡̸ ׄ ִ ★̲ ˓˓ ◍⃘ ❀̼ ִ ׄ ִ ᜊ̲ ִ ׄ ೀ

└┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈

🌙̼ ִ ׄ ִ ★̸ 𝐃ꪱssᧉrtação.

┈┈┈ 𝐅ala.

✶̶ ִ ׄ ִ ▩⃘ 𝐑evꪱsαdo : sꪱm / nα̃o.

✶̶ ִ ׄ ִ ▩⃘ 𝐍αmorαdꪱnhᧉ : ᧉscrᧉvα.

✶̶ ִ ׄ ִ ▩⃘ 𝐃ᧉsꪱgnᧉr : ɥᧉonlαplαcᧉ.

╾┈┈┈╼ Separador - Seungchan Ver.

ㅤㅤㅤㅤ

┌┄┄──┄┄──┄┄──┄┄

├ ✶̶ ׄ ִ ׄ ✿̼ ◍⃘ ִ ׄ 🐛̼ ˓˓ ִ ׄ ִ ᘝ̲ ʿʿ

⾕ ִ ׄ ◌⃘ ʾʾ 𝐊ꪱꭑ 𝐒ᧉu𝗻𝗴ꭑꪱ𝗻 ׄ ִ ❀̼

𖤩 ִ ׄ ִ ✦̶ ◍⃘ ִ ׄ ര̲ ׄ ִ ׄ 𑁍 ִ ׄ ⨴ ʿʿ

──┈┈──┈┈──

🐛̶̷ ׄ ִ ׄ ▩⃘ 𝐃ꪱssᧉrtação.

─┈─ 𝐅ala.

▦⃘ ִ ׄ 𔓕 𝐑evꪱsαdo : sꪱm / nα̃o.

▦⃘ ִ ׄ 𔓕 𝐍αmorαdꪱnhᧉ : ᧉscrᧉvα.

▦⃘ ִ ׄ 𔓕 𝐃ᧉsꪱgnᧉr : ɥᧉonlαplαcᧉ.

╾┈┈┈╼ Separador.

ㅤㅤㅤㅤ

┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄

𑁍 ׄ ִ ✦̶ ◍⃘ ִ ׄ ִ 🍃̲ ִ ׄ এ̲ ׄ ִ ׄ 𔓕̸ ִ ׄ ⽯

▦⃘ ִ ׄ ִ ♡̸ 𝐂𝗵rꪱ𝘀ƚoբ𝗵ᧉr 𝐁α𝗻𝗴 ׄ ִ ׄ ✿̼

★̶ ׄ ִ ׄ ◐⃘ ˓˓ ര̲ ׄ ִ ✧̶ ִ ׄ ִ ✿̼ ִ ׄ ୨ּ୧ ׄ ┤

┄┄──┄┄──╯

🍃̶̷ ִ ׄ ִ ✿̼ 𝐃ꪱssᧉrtação.

┄┄── 𝐅ala.

◐⃘ ִ ׄ ִ ᜊ̲ 𝐑evꪱsαdo : sꪱm / nα̃o.

◐⃘ ִ ׄ ִ ᜊ̲ 𝐍αmorαdꪱnhᧉ : ᧉscrᧉvα.

◐⃘ ִ ׄ ִ ᜊ̲ 𝐃ᧉsꪱgnᧉr : ɥᧉonlαplαcᧉ.

[aurevoirmonty]

Une étude majeure portant sur 1,7 million d’enfants a révélé que les lésions cardiaques n’apparaissaient que chez les enfants ayant re��u des vaccins à ARNm contre le Covid.

Aucun enfant non vacciné du groupe n’a souffert de problèmes cardiaques.

De plus, les chercheurs notent qu’aucun enfant de l’ensemble du groupe, vacciné ou non, n’est décédé de la COVID-19.

En outre, l’étude a révélé que les vaccins contre le Covid offraient aux enfants très peu de protection contre le virus, nombre d’entre eux étant infectés seulement 14 à 15 semaines après avoir reçu une injection.

Les 1,7 million d'enfants observés dans l'étude étaient âgés de 5 à 15 ans et étaient inscrits auprès du système national de santé du Royaume-Uni (NHS).

www.slaynews-com.translate.goog/news/study-million-children-heart-damage-found-covid-vaxxed-kids/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=wapp

[postsofbabel]

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[moestadeferias]

Eu digo que você é o maior álbum de estreia da história da música britânica, e você é.

Olá, Vizinhança. 

Eu acredito fielmente que ninguém, nunca, em toda a Inglaterra, será capaz de criar um álbum de estreia como os Arctic Monkeys. Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not, de 2006, foi o jeito perfeito de dizer “olá” ao mundo, e isso não é apenas a opinião de uma grande fã da banda. WPSIATWIN entrou para a história como o disco de estreia mais vendido do Reino Unido, foram 360 mil cópias apenas na primeira semana de distribuição, ficou em trigésimo lugar na lista de melhores álbuns de todos os tempos da Rolling Stones e ganhou o Mercury Prize, prêmio dado ao melhor álbum do Reino Unido e Irlanda. As suas faixas são inteligentes, caóticas, jovens e prontas para viverem aventuras noite adentro. O cara na capa, caso você ainda não saiba, é Chris McClure, também musicista e irmão de um colega da época em que Alex trabalhava em um bar. A foto tirada no, hoje fechado, bar Korova, em Liverpool, ficou tão famosa que Chris recebeu uma proposta de ser seguido por uma noite em troca de certa quantia de dinheiro, bebidas de graça em alguns clubes e uma chance de trabalhar como apresentador na E4, parte da Channel 4, canal de tv público. Ah, claro, não podemos esquecer também do fato de que o NHS, National Health Service, o colocou na lista dos garotinhos malvados por glamourizar o fumo. 

I Bet You Look Good On The Dancefloor, que eu duvido que você consiga escutar sem sentir vontade de cantar e é uma das três a ganharem a estrela de favorita pessoal, ficou em primeiro lugar nas vendas de singles no Reino Unido, sendo a primeira música lançada pela banda após seu contrato com a Domino Records. O segundo single, que tambem ficou em primeiro nas vendas, When The Sun Goes Down, inicialmente intitulado Scummy, fala sobre prostituição e as criaturas que existem na vida noturna, o filme Scummy Man se inspirou na historia da prostituta sem nome da Sheffield dos Arctic Monkeys e foi usado em partes do clipe da faixa. No longa, a prostituta, anteriormente sem nome, passa a se chamar Nina e foi interpretada por Lauren Socha, a Kelly de Misfits.

Existe certa magia nas primeiras composições de Alex, e além do disco de estreia, podemos encontrar seu primeiro EP, Five Minutes With Arctic Monkeys, em algumas plataformas digitais, que quando misturado ao instrumental impecável de músicas como Red Lights Indicates Doors Are Secured e Dancing Shoes ou ao chorus de Fake Tales of San Francisco fazem uma explosão de adrenalina correr por todo seu corpo.

Além de When The Sun Goes Down, minhas favoritas do disco são Perhaps Vampires Is a Bit Strong But…, que, com muito sarcasmo, característica marcante da Arctic Monkeys, nos apresenta a um narrador cheio de desconfiança com as pessoas e suas intenções nada genuínas em relação aos privilégios que estar ao seu redor oferece, comparando essas pessoas a vampiros prontos para sugar suas energias, e You Probably Couldn’t See For Lhe Lights But You Were Staring Straight At Me, que é meu gênero favorito de música: homens desesperados. Existe uma garota que todos querem, e existe um garoto que, assim como todos, a quer. Como eu poderia não adorar essa música?

Falando um pouco da receita do sucesso da AM e de Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not, já que nem apenas de música de qualidade se faz um nome na indústria fonográfica, temos três elementos fundamentais: internet, acessibilidade e identificação. 

Matthew Helders diz ser por engano a fama que conseguiram usando uma ferramenta que, na época, era novidade para muita gente. O uso da internet no começo dos anos 2010 era bem diferente em relação aos dias atuais e a curiosidade de quem tinha acesso a um computador fez com que muitos descobrissem o nome Arctic Monkeys. Um amigo colocou algumas demos online e, apesar da empolgação dele e de outros que conviviam com o grupo, Helders não sentia que isso daria em muita coisa. Uma história que gosto muito, fugindo um pouco do tópico, mas ainda sobre as expectativas de Matthew em relação a estreia, é que durante as idas e vindas ao estúdio, alguém, que, até onde sei, nunca teve a identidade revelada, brincou que eles chegariam ao top 10 das paradas e Matthew, adolescente de pouca fé, afirmou que se eles chegassem ao top1, ele faria um show usando seu calção de futebol. Sorte dele que o baterista consegue se esconder melhor que o vocalista, não? 

Além do uso da internet, a banda costumava distribuir CDs de graça em seus shows de começo de carreira, antes da Domino entrar em cena. Alex afirma que eles não viam motivos para bandas pequenas cobrarem de três a quatro libras em um CD que as pessoas não tinham motivos para ouvir, já que ninguém tem vontade de comprar coisas de um artista que não conhece. A acessibilidade a sua marca os garantiu uma certa quantidade de espectadores ansiosos pelo primeiro álbum de estúdio. Se você tem um desses CDs dando sopa por aí, por favor, entre em contato e vamos conversar sobre a possibilidade de me enviar como presente.

Mas o combo público da internet e o conquistado em casas de festa e pubs não seria segurado se não fosse a identificação. Um grupo de jovens de classe média cantando sobre amores que não passaram de grandes ideias ou vontades, ansiedade social e expectativas de um futuro incerto era o que os ouvintes precisavam, e talvez nem percebessem isso.  

É inegável o impacto que dois garotos que ganharam guitarras no natal e resolveram formar uma banda com seus colegas de escola tiveram, e continuam tendo, no cenário musical. As composições e vocais de Alex, com a boca suja que as rádios tanto odiavam e o sotaque que faz multidões delirarem, o jeito mágico com que Andy suaviza toda a caoticidade da banda com seu baixo e o nome herdado de uma antiga banda do pai de Matthew, moldaram toda uma geração e uma forma de se fazer música, o que, hoje, os geraram uma carreira estabelecida e um público sólido.

Beijos, Mo.

[obscureanimeoftheday]

Hello! Some recommendations for obscure anime:

aldnoah.zero, red data girl, Arakawa under the bridge, aria the scarlet ammo, zetsuen no tempest, cromartie high school, darker than black, denkigai no honya san, dream eater merry, Earl and fairy, eden of the east, Eureka seven, gatchaman crowds, guilty crown, hamatora, hanasaku iroha, humanity has declined, Inari konkon koi iroha, kami chu, kiznaiver, kyosougiga, tsuritama, Nazario no ou, ookami san and her seven companions, pocos udons world, rainbow days, robotics; notes, gakuen baby sitters, senyuu, servant x service, special A, star driver, the pet girl of sakurasou, Tokyo esp, un-go, kimi to boku, [c] money of soul, the wallflower, welcome to the nhs, chobits, air, 91 days, spice and wolf, samurai flamenco

Sorry for adding so much 😭 I love obscure anime so thank you for your service in getting them out there!

Added most of them to the queue

Thank you!

[a-z0-9-i-n-gram-completionist]

1:    0 1 2 4 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z    32/36    (26/26)    (6/10)

2:    08 11 18 19 41 42 84 90 ab ac ad ag ai aj ak al am an ap ar as at av aw ay ba bd be bi bl bo br bs bu by ca cc ce ch ci ck cl co cr cs ct cu cy da dd de df di dl dn do dr ds du dy ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei el em en eo ep eq er es et ev ew ex ey fa fe fi fo fr ft fu ga ge gh gi gl go gr gs gt gy ha he hi hn ho hr ht hu hy ia ib ic id ie if ig il im in io ip ir is it iu iv iz jo ju ke ki kn ks ky la ld le lf li lk ll lm lo ls lu lv ly ma me mh mi mo mp ms mu my na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nk nl nn no ns nt nu nv ny oa ob oc od oe of og oi ol om on oo op or os ot ou ow ox oy pa pe ph pi pl pm po pp pr ps pt pu qu ra rd re rg ri rk rl rm rn ro rp rr rs rt ru ry rz sa sc se sh si sk sm sn so sp sq ss st su sw sy ta te th ti tl to tr ts tt tu tw ty ua ub uc ud ue ug ui ul um un uo up ur us ut ve vi wa we wh wi wo wr xc xe xi xt xu yb yg yl ym yn yo yp ys yx ze zo    290/1296    (282/676)    (8/100)

3:    184 190 842 908 abd abl aca acc aci ack acr acs act ade ads age ain ajo ake aki ale ali alk all alm alo als ame ami amp ana anc and ane ang ani ans ant anu any ape app ard are arg ark arl arm aro arr ars art ase ask ass ata ate ath ati ato att atu ave avi awa awr ayb bab bac bal bas bdo bea bed beh bel bet bey bio bis bit ble blo bly bod bon bou bow boy bra bre bst bul bur but cal can cav cce ccy cee cen cep che chi cia cie cin cks cky cle clo clu coc com con cos cre cri cru cti ctu cul cut cyx dar dda dea dee den deo dep der des dfi did die din dis dle dne doe dom don dor dul dur ead eak eal ear eat ebr eci ecr ect edd edi eed eei eem een efe egi egs ehi ein eir eit ela ele elf ell elo elv ely ema eme emo emp ems emu enb enc end eng enh eno ent env eos eou epo eps ept equ era ere eri erl erm ern err ers ert eru ery erz esc ese esn esp ess est eta ete eto etw ety eve evi ewh exc exe ext exu eyo fam far fat fem fer fes fib fie fif fin fir fis for fos fra fro fth fur fus gap gel gem ges ght gic gif gio gir gla glu gol gon gou gre gro gth gys han hap hat hav hea hei hem hen her hes hey hic hig him hin hip hir his hit hiu hna hol hot hou hro hum hus hym ial iar ibe ibi ibu ica ice ich ick icu ide idf ied ien ier ies iet ife ifi ift igh ila ili ill ima imi ims ina inc ind ine inf ing ink ins int inu iny iof ion ior iou ips ird irs isc ise ish iso isp iss ist ite ith iti its itt ity ium ive ize joi jor jus jut ked kel kes kin kiv kne kno ksc lan lar lat lde leg len les let lex lia lie lif lis lit lli llo lls lly lmo loa log lon loo lop lou low lso lue lun lus lvi lym lyp mag maj mak mal man mar mas mat may mel men mer met mew mil min mit moo mor mos mou mph mpl mpr mse mur mus myg nac nad nal nat nbo nce ncl nde ndi ndn ndo nds ndu nec nee nei neo nes nex nfr nge ngs ngt ngy nhn nim nky nly nne nop nor nos not now nox nse nsi nst nsw nta nte nti ntl nto ntr nts ntu nuo nus nve oac oat oba occ oce oci odi ody oes ofi oft ogi ogo ogs oin old ole olo oma ome omi omp omy ona ond one onl onn ons ont ool oos oot ope ops opt ora org ori orm ors ose osi oss ost osu ota ote oth oti oto oug oun oup ous out owe owi oxi oyl par pat pea pec ped pel per pho pic pin ple pli pmh poi pos ppa ppe ppo pre pri pro pte pti pub qua que qui rac rai ral ran rap rat raw rdl rea rec red ref reg rel rem ren res ret rev rge ria rib rig rin rio ris rit rki rks rly rma rmi rmo rms rns roa rob roc rog rom rop ros rou row rpr rra rro rru rsa rse rsi rst rte rth rti rto rts ruc rum rus sac sal sam sav say sch sci scl scr scu sec sed see sel seq ses sha she sid sim sio sis sit siv siz ske ski sma smo soc sof som sop sor spe spi spo squ sso ssu sta ste sti stl sto sts stu sty sua sub suc sue sup sur sus swe syn tai tak tal tan tar tat tea teb ted ten ter tes tha the thi tho thr thu thy tib tic tid tin tio tip tis tiv tle tly tom ton too tot tre tri tsi tte ttl tty tua tud tur tus twe two tyl typ ual uar uat ubi ubs uch uco udi uea uen ues ugh uit ula ume und ung unt unu uou upp ups ure uri urn uro urp urr urs urt usc use usi ust usu uta ute uts vel ver vic vid vil vit war wee wel wer wha whe whi who why win wit xcl xem xio xte xtr xus ybe ygo yle ylo yme ymp ymu yno yon you ypi ypm yst zoo    802/46656    (798/17576)    (4/1000)

4:    1842 1908 abdo able ably acce acin acru acti actu adep ages ainf ajor akes akin alis allo alls ally almo alog also amil ampl anal anat ance ands andu aneo ange anim answ ants anus aped appa appe area aren arge arki arks arly arms arou arra arsa arte arti arts ased aske atar ated ater athe atid atio ativ atom atte atty atur avit awar aybe babl back ball base bdom bear bedd behi belo betw beyo biof bitt blog bodi body bone boun boyl brat brev bsta bula burr bute call cavi ccen ccyx ceed cent ceps cept cher chiu cial cien ciet cing cles cloa clus cocc comp conn cons cont cosu cret crib crum ctio ctua ctus cula cuta dard ddar deal deed denb denc deos depo dept desc dfis died dies diet ding disp dnes does dome domi dors dula duri eaki eall ears eart ebra ecia ecre ecti ectu edda edin edis eedi eein eems efer egio ehin eing eith elat elet elop elow elvi emal emel emen emor empl emur enbo ence endi ends engt engy enhn enop enor enti entl entu enve eous epos epti eque eral eran ered eres erio erly ermi erru erse ersi erte erti erto erus escr espe esti esty etal etat eton etwe ever evic evid ewha excl exem exte extr exus eyon fami fatt fema femo femu fest fibu fied fift find firs fish form foss frac frog from furt fuse gely geme gest gica gion gird glan glue gold gona gous grea grou gyst hape have head hear heir here hert herz hese hich high hims hind hing hips hird hite hium hnac hole hoto houg hroa hume hyme hymu iall ibed ibio ibul ibut ical icep icks icky icul idea iden ideo ides idfi ienc iety ifes ifie ifth ight ilar ilia illi imag imal imil imse inal incl inde infr ings inky inse insi inst inte into ints inuo iofi ions ious irdl irst isch ishe isop ispo issu ists ites ithe itio ittl itty ivel join jori just juts kele king kink kive knee know ksch land larg larl late lati latu lden legs leng leta leto lexu liar lier life lifi litt llie llow lmos loac logi logo lond loos lope lops lowe lowi lung lusi lvic lymp lypm mage majo make male mall many mark mass mati mayb mely meno ment meru meta mewh mila mili mina mite moot mora most moun mous mple mpli mpri msel murs musc must mygo naci nads nali nalo nato nboy nclu ndee nder ndin ndne ndon ndul nect neit neou ness next nfro ngem ngth ngys nhna nima nnec nopt norm nost note noxi nsec nseq nsid nsis nste nswe ntai nter ntin ntio ntly ntri ntua nuou nusu nvel oaca obab occy ocee ocie odie oesn ofib ogic ogou oint olde olog omat omen omew omin ompr onad ondo only onne onse onsi onta onti ontr oolo oose ooth oped oper opte oral oria orit orma ormo orsa oses osit osso oste osto osty osus otal oted othe otic ough ound ount oups outs ower owin oxio oylo pare part patt pear peci pelv perl phot pica pine plex plif poin pose posi post ppar ppea ppos pred pris prob proc prop pter ptid pubi quar quea quen ques quit ract rain rang rans rapp rate rath rawr rdle real reat rect redi refe regi rela reme rent rest rete reve revi rgel rges rial ribe ribu righ ring rior rise rity rkiv rksc rmat rmit rmou roat roba roce rogs rope rost roun roup rowe rpri rran rrou rrow rruc rsal rsed rsio rstl rteb rter rthe rtic rton ruco sacr sacs sals same save sche schi scie scle scri scul secr sect seei seem self sequ shap shes side sidf simi sion sist siti sits sive size sked skel skin smal smoo soci soft some sopt sori spec spin spos sque ssor ssue stan stea ster stic stin stio stly stom stot stud styl sual subs such supp surp surr swer syno tain take talk tanc tane tars tata tead tebr tend tera tere teri term tern than that thei them ther thes they thig thin thir this thou thro thus thym tibi tica tick ticu ting tinu tiny tion tips tiss tive toma tomy tons tota toti trem trib tsid tter ttle tual tuat tudi ture turn twee tyle typi uall uart uate ubis ubst ucos udie ueak uenc uest uite ular ulat umer unde undi undn ungs unus uous uppo urin urns uros urpr urro urth uscl uscu used usio usiv usua utan utsi velo vely verr vers vert very vice vide vill vity ware ween well were wers what when whic whit whol wing with xclu xemp xiou xten xtre ygol ylou ymen ymph ymus ynos

yond ypic ypmh ysto zool    815/1679616    (813/456976)    (2/10000)

5:    abdom accen acing acrum actio actua adept ainfr ajori aking allow almos alogo amili ample analo anato andul aneou angem anima answe appar appea arent argel arges arkiv arksc aroun arran arsal arter artic asked atars atera ather ation ative atomy atter ature avity aware bably balls based bdome bdomi bedda behin below betwe beyon biofi bitty bodie bound boylo brate brevi bstan burro cally cavit ccent ceedi centu cepti cherz chium ciall cienc ciety cloac clusi coccy compr conne conse consi conta conti contr cosus crete cribe ction ctual cular culat cutan ddard denbo dence depos descr dfish dings dispo dness doesn domen domin dorsa dular durin eakin eally earts ebrat ecial ecret ectio ectus eddar eding edisp eedin eeing egion ehind eithe elati eleta eleto elope elops elvic emale emely ement emora empli emurs enboy endin ength engys enhna enopt enorm entio ently entua envel eposi eptid equen erans erest erior ermit erruc ersed ersio erteb ertic erton escri espec estin estio estyl etata etons etwee evers evice evide ewhat exclu exemp exten extre eyond famil fatty femal femor femur festy fibul fifth first fishe forma fosso fract frogs furth fused gemen gical girdl gland golde gonad great group gysto haped heart herto himse hnaci hough hroat humer hymen hymus ially ibiof ibula ibute icall iceps icept icula ideal idenc ideos idfis ience ifest ified ilarl iliar illie image imila imsel inali inclu indee infro insec insid inste inter inuou iofib irdle irstl ischi ishes isopt ispos issue ither ition ittle ively joint jorit kelet kinky ksche lands landu large larly later lativ latur ldenb lengt letal leton lexus lifes lifie littl llier llowi lmost loaca logic logou londo loose loped lower lowin lungs lusio lusiv lymph lypmh mages major makes marks matid matio maybe menop menti merus metat mewha milar milia minal mites mooth moral mount mplex mplif mpris mself muscl muscu mygol nacin nalis nalog natom nboyl nclus ndeed nding ndnes ndula necti neith neous nfrog ngeme ngyst nhnac nimal nnect nopte normo nosto noted noxio nsect nsequ nside nsist nstea nswer ntain ntere ntinu ntion ntrib ntuat nuous nusua nvelo obabl occyx oceed ociet odies ofibu ogica ogous oints olden ologi omati omewh omina ompri onads ondon onnec onseq onsis ontai ontin ontri oolog operl opter orial ority ormat ormou orsal ositi osits ossor oster ostot ostyl other otica ounde oundi oundn outsi owers owing oxiou oylou paren parti patte pears pecia pelvi perly photo pical plexu plifi point poses posit poste ppare ppear ppose predi prise proba proce prope ptera pubis quart queak quenc quest quite racti rainf range rathe reall rectu redis refer regio relat remel rentl resti rever revic rgely rgest ribed ribut right rkive rksch rmati rmite rmous robab rocee roper rosty round roups rower rpris rrang rroun rrowe rruco rsals rsion rstly rtebr rther rtica rticu rucos sacru scher schiu scien scles scrib scula secre seein seems seque shape sides sidfi simil sists sitio sivel skele small smoot socie somew sopte soria speci spine spose squea ssori stanc stead steri stick sting stion stoma stoti studi style suall subst suppo surpr surro swere synos tance taneo tarsa tatar tebra tendi tends teral teran teres terio termi their there thert these thigh thing third thoug throa thymu tibio tical ticks ticky ticul tinuo tions tissu tomat total totic treme tribu tside ttern tuall tuate tudie turns tween typic ually uarte uated ubsta ucosu udied ueaki uence uesti ularl ulatu umeru under undin undne unusu uppos uring urost urpri urrou urrow urthe uscle uscul usion usive usual utane utsid velop verru verse versi verte verti vicep viden video villi wered which white whole xclus xempl xious xtend xtrem ygold ymeno ynost ypica ystom zoolo    622/60466176    (622/11881376)

6:    abdome abdomi accent action actual ainfro ajorit allowi almost alogou amilia amplex analog anatom andula aneous angeme animal answer appare appear arentl argely argest arkive arksch around arrang arsals articu atarsa ateral athert ations attern bdomen bdomin beddar behind betwee beyond biofib bodies boylou brevic bstanc burrow cavity ccentu ceedin centua ceptid cially cience cloaca clusio clusiv coccyx compri connec conseq consis contai contin contri cribed ctions ctuall cularl culatu cutane denboy deposi descri dfishe dispos domina dorsal during eaking ebrate eciall ecrete ection eddard edings edispo eeding either elativ eletal eleton eloped emoral emplif enboyl ending engyst enhnac enopte enormo ention entuat envelo eposit equenc eresti ermite erruco ersion ertebr ertica escrib especi esting estion estyle etatar etween everse evicep eviden exclus exempl extend extrem famili female femora femurs festyl fibula firstl fishes format fossor fracti furthe gement girdle glands glandu golden gonads groups gystom hearts herton himsel hnacin humeru hymeno ibiofi ically icepti icular idence idfish ifesty ilarly illier images imilar imself inalis inclus indeed infrog insect inside instea intere inuous iofibu irstly ischiu isopte ispose jority keleta keleto kscher landul largel larges latera lative lature ldenbo length letons lifest lified little llowin logica logous london lowing lusion lusive majori marksc mation menopt mentio metata mewhat milarl miliar minali mplexu mplifi mprise muscle muscul mygold nacing nalogo natomy nboylo nclusi ndness ndular nectio neithe nfrogs ngemen ngysto nhnaci nnecti nopter normou nostot noxiou nseque nsists nstead nswere nteres ntinuo ntribu ntuate nusual nvelop obably oceedi ociety ofibul ogical oldenb ologic omatid omewha ominal ompris onnect onsequ onsist ontain ontinu ontrib oologi operly optera ormati ormous ositio ossori osteri ostoti ostyle otical ounder oundin oundne outsid oxious parent partic patter pecial pelvic plexus plifie points positi posits poster pparen ppears predis probab procee proper pteran quarte queaki quence questi ractio rainfr rangem rather really rectus redisp region relati remely rently restin revers revice ribute rksche rmatio rmites robabl roceed roperl rostyl rounde roundi roundn rowers rprise rrange rround rrower rrucos rtebra rtical rticul rucosu sacrum scherz schium scienc scribe scular sculat secret seeing sequen shaped sidfis simila sition sively skelet smooth societ somewh sopter sorial specia sposes squeak ssoria stance sterio sticks sticky stomat stotic studie sually substa suppos surpri surrou swered synost taneou tarsal tatars tebrat tendin terans terest terior termit therto though throat thymus tibiof ticall ticula tinuou tissue tomati totica tremel tribut tually tuated tudied typica uarter ubstan ucosus ueakin uestio ularly ulatur umerus unding undnes unusua uppose urosty urpris urroun urrowe urther uscles uscula usivel usuall utaneo utside velope velops verruc versed versio verteb vertic viceps vicept videnc videos villie xclusi xempli xtendi xtends xtreme ygolde ymenop ynosto ypical ystoma zoolog    446/2176782336    (446/308915776)

7:    abdomen abdomin accentu actuall ainfrog ajority allowin alogous amiliar amplexu analogo anatomy andular angemen answere apparen appears arently arksche arrange articul atarsal atherto bdomina beddard between biofibu brevice bstance burrowe ccentua ceeding centuat clusion clusive compris connect consequ consist contain continu contrib ctually cularly culatur cutaneo denboyl deposit describ dfishes dispose dominal ecially ections edispos eedings elative eletons emplifi enboylo engysto enhnaci enopter enormou entuate envelop eposits equence erestin ermites errucos ertebra ertical escribe especia etatars eversed eviceps evicept evidenc exclusi exempli extendi extends extreme familia femoral festyle firstly formati fossori fractio further glandul goldenb gystoma himself hnacing humerus hymenop ibiofib iceptid icularl idfishe ifestyl imilarl inclusi infrogs instead interes iofibul ischium isopter isposes keletal keleton kscherz landula largely largest lateral ldenboy lifesty llowing logical lusivel majorit marksch mations menopte mention metatar milarly minalis mplexus mplifie muscles muscula mygolde nalogou nboylou nclusio nection neither ngement ngystom nhnacin nnectio noptera normous nostoti noxious nsequen nswered nterest ntinuou ntribut ntuated nusuall nvelope nvelops oceedin ofibula oldenbo ologica omewhat ominali omprise onnecti onseque onsists ontinuo ontribu oologic opteran ormatio osition ossoria osterio ostotic oticall ounding oundnes outside parentl particu pattern peciall plified positio posteri pparent predisp probabl proceed properl pterans quarter queakin questio raction rainfro rangeme redispo relativ resting reverse revicep rkscher rmation robably roceedi roperly rostyle rounder roundin roundne rrangem rroundi rrowers rrucosu rtebrat rticula rucosus science scribed sculatu secrete sequenc sidfish similar skeleta skeleto society somewha soptera special squeaki ssorial sterior stomati stotica studied substan suppose surpris surroun synosto taneous tarsals tatarsa tebrate tending teresti termite therton tibiofi tically ticular tinuous tomatid totical tremely tribute typical ubstanc ueaking uestion ulature undness unusual urostyl urprise urround urrower uscular usculat usively usually utaneou veloped verruco version vertebr vertica vicepti vidence villier xclusiv xemplif xtendin xtremel ygolden ymenopt ynostot ystomat zoologi    297/78364164096    (297/8031810176)

8:    abdomina accentua actually ainfrogs allowing amplexus analogou angement answered apparent arkscher arrangem articula atarsals atherton bdominal biofibul brevicep burrower ccentuat ceedings centuate clusivel comprise connecti conseque consists continuo contribu culature cutaneou denboylo deposits describe disposes dominali edispose emplifie enboylou engystom enhnacin enoptera enormous entuated envelope envelops eresting errucosu ertebrat escribed especial etatarsa evicepti evidence exclusiv exemplif extendin extremel familiar formatio fossoria fraction glandula goldenbo gystomat hymenopt ibiofibu icularly idfishes ifestyle imilarly inclusio interest iofibula isoptera keletons landular ldenboyl lifestyl lusively majority marksche menopter metatars mplified muscular musculat mygolden nalogous nclusion nections ngystoma nhnacing nnection nopteran nostotic nsequenc nteresti ntinuous ntribute nusually nveloped oceeding oldenboy ological ominalis onnectio onsequen ontinuou ontribut oologica opterans ormation ossorial osterior ostotica otically oundness parently particul pecially position posterio pparentl predispo probably proceedi properly queaking question rainfrog rangemen redispos relative reversed reviceps revicept rkscherz rmations roceedin rounding roundnes rrangeme rroundin rrucosus rtebrate rticular sculatur sequence sidfishe similarl skeletal skeleton somewhat sopteran speciall squeakin stomatid stotical substanc surprise surround synostot tatarsal terestin termites tibiofib ticularl toticall ubstance unusuall urostyle urroundi urrowers usculatu utaneous verrucos vertebra vertical viceptid xclusive xemplifi xtending xtremely ygoldenb ymenopte ynostoti ystomati zoologic    189/2821109907456    (189/208827064576)

9:    abdominal accentuat analogous apparentl arkscherz arrangeme articular bdominali biofibula breviceps brevicept burrowers ccentuate centuated clusively connectio consequen continuou contribut cutaneous denboylou described dominalis edisposes emplified engystoma enhnacing enopteran enveloped errucosus ertebrate especiall etatarsal eviceptid exclusive exemplifi extending extremely formation fossorial glandular goldenboy gystomati hymenopte ibiofibul inclusion interesti isopteran ldenboylo lifestyle markscher menoptera metatarsa musculatu mygoldenb ngystomat nnections nopterans nostotica nsequence nterestin oceedings oldenboyl onnection onsequenc ontinuous ontribute oological ormations ostotical particula posterior pparently predispos proceedin rainfrogs rangement redispose revicepti roceeding roundness rrangemen rrounding rticularl sculature sidfishes similarly skeletons sopterans specially squeaking stoticall substance surroundi synostoti tatarsals teresting tibiofibu ticularly totically unusually urroundin usculatur verrucosu vertebrat xclusivel xemplifie ygoldenbo ymenopter ynostotic ystomatid zoologica    112/101559956668416    (112/5429503678976)

10:    abdominali accentuate apparently arrangemen articularl bdominalis brevicepti ccentuated connection consequenc continuous contribute engystomat enopterans especially etatarsals exclusivel exemplifie formations goldenboyl gystomatid hymenopter ibiofibula interestin isopterans ldenboylou markscherz menopteran metatarsal musculatur mygoldenbo ngystomati nostotical nteresting oldenboylo onnections onsequence ostoticall particular predispose proceeding redisposes reviceptid roceedings rrangement rticularly stotically surroundin synostotic tibiofibul urrounding usculature verrucosus vertebrate xclusively xemplified ygoldenboy ymenoptera ynostotica zoological    60/3656158440062976    (60/141167095653376)

11:    abdominalis accentuated arrangement articularly breviceptid connections consequence engystomati exclusively exemplified goldenboylo hymenoptera interesting menopterans metatarsals musculature mygoldenboy ngystomatid nostoticall oldenboylou ostotically particularl predisposes proceedings surrounding synostotica tibiofibula ygoldenboyl ymenopteran ynostotical    30/131621703842267136    (30/3670344486987776)

12:    engystomatid goldenboylou hymenopteran mygoldenboyl nostotically particularly synostotical ygoldenboylo ymenopterans ynostoticall    10/4738381338321616896    (10/95428956661682176)

13:    hymenopterans mygoldenboylo synostoticall ygoldenboylou ynostotically    5/170581728179578208256    (5/2481152873203736576)

14:    mygoldenboylou synostotically    2/6140942214464815497216    (2/64509974703297150976)

Why are rain frogs so round? What's /inside/ of them around such an itty bitty skeleton?

So it turns out this is a really interesting question.

The first thing we must be aware of is that rainfrogs as we see them in videos of them squeaking are not quite the same shape as they are when at rest:

[x]

But you are quite right, they are very round. This is exemplified by the skeletal photo you refer to:

[X]

So what are we seeing?

Well, firstly, note that the body cavity in these frogs actually envelops the femurs, such that only the tibiofibula (fused in frogs) and the tarsals and metatarsals are outside the body. The arms are quite similarly enveloped, but a bit of the humerus does extend outside the body cavity too. This predisposes them to a rounder body shape.

Next, note the ilia - the U-shaped bone in the pelvic region. These in some breviceptid frogs are synostotically fused with the sacrum - that is to say, they are bound by bone-based connections to the bow-shaped vertebra at their tips. This whole joint seems to be quite smooth, and as a consequence, the back of the frog is quite smooth. The other thing we can see here is that the urostyle (i.e. the frog version of a coccyx) juts quite far beyond the ischium and pubis. This extends the body cavity beyond the hips. Note also that the pelvic girdle seems to be largely below the spine, rather than the typical position for frogs behind it and continuous with it. This makes the legs sit below the spine, rather than at its end, enhnacing the vertical roundness of the animal.

Next, let’s talk some soft tissue. Now, I’m not as familiar with soft-tissue in frogs as I am their skeletons, so you’ll have to bear with me a bit (rawr). Beddard (1908!!) studied the soft tissue of Breviceps verrucosus Rapp 1842. It seems that the majority of the body of these frogs is actually muscle. Beddard noted that muscles join the leg at the knee that extend into the body cavity, such that the inclusion of the thigh in the body cavity is further accentuated by musculature. The rectus abdominalis muscle is unusually large, extending from the lower abdomen up and around the sides of the body. Indeed, this large size appears to be the pattern with all of the major muscles, though in the throat the typical arrangement of large and small muscles is somewhat reversed. On the lateral side of the head, there is a substance that is not muscle, but appears to be loose tissue in which sits what is apparently the thymus gland.

There is a very large gap between the end of the urostyle and the anus (one fifth of the total length of the frog), in which there are almost no muscles, save for the one surrounding the lower cloaca. On either side of this area, between the posterior-most muscles of the thigh, lie two large ‘lymph-hearts’, as described by Beddard. These are between one quarter and one third of the total length of the frog. A further lypmh-sac sits between these lymph-hearts and the skin of the femoral region, and they are thus probably analogous to the femoral lymph-sacs of other frogs.

I find it interesting that Beddard (1908) did not mention any glandular formations in the dorsal region. As is evidence from many images (see below), these frogs are able to secrete a white, sticky, noxious substance from their skin (which they actually have to use during amplexus, as the male is too small relative to the female to mount her properly, and so he sticks himself to her with his glandular glue… kinky).

[x]

These glands do not apparently take up a great deal of the cutaneous tissue, and so I suppose are of no consequence to the size of the frog, especially relative to its enormous muscles.

The diet of these frogs consists almost exclusively of hymenopterans and isopterans (ants and termites). Neither of these insect groups are particularly fatty, so it is little surprise that their bodies appear to contain no large fat deposits - fatty bodies extend from the gonads up to the lungs and heart, but these comprise only a tiny fraction of the frog’s mass, and don’t contribute to the round shape. Instead, their bodies are extremely muscular, allowing them to be adept burrowers, ideal for their fossorial lifestyle.

So TL;DR: rain frogs are little balls of muscle (maybe the largest muscle mass relative to body mass of any vertebrate? science just doesn’t know).

Ref:

Beddard, F.E. 1908. On the Musculature and other Points in the Anatomy of the Engystomatid Frog, Breviceps verrucosus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908:11-41 [x]

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[yeonplace]

ㅤㅤ ㅤ𝐏 - pack de plaquinhas

ㅤㅤ ㅤ𝐃o Choi Yeonjun

ㅤㅤ ㅤ𝐅eita originalmente pelo designer

ㅤㅤ 𝐘eon𝐋aplace.

ㅤㅤ 𝐀o usar ou repassar

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐃eixe os devidos créditos

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐀 retirada dos créditos irá ser

ㅤㅤㅤ𝐂onsiderado plágio !.ㅤㅤㅤ

ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ

╭──────────

├ ׄ ִ ✦̶ ִ ׄ ִ ♡̷ ִ ׄ 🎧̼ ʾʿ ✿̼ ִ ׄ ‽

ര̲ ׄ ִ ♡̷ ʾʾ 𝐂𝗵oꪱ 𝐘ᧉo𝗻𝗷𝘂𝗻 ׄ ִ ᜊ̲

◍⃘ ׄ ִ ⩇̶ ׄ ִ ׄ ✦̶ ʾʾ ׄ ִ এ̲ ׄ ִ ✧̶ ׄ ִ ೀ

🎧̷̲ ׄ ִ ׄ ⃘◍ 𝐃ꪱssᧉrtação.

─── 𝐅ala.

ᜊ̲ ׄ ִ ׄ 𖥻 𝐑evꪱsαdo : sꪱm / nα̃o.

ᜊ̲ ׄ ִ ׄ 𖥻 𝐍αmorαdꪱnhᧉ : ᧉscrᧉvα.

ᜊ̲ ׄ ִ ׄ 𖥻 𝐃ᧉsꪱgnᧉr : ɥᧉonlαplαcᧉ.

╾┈┈┈╼ Separador.

ㅤㅤㅤㅤ

┌┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄

┢ ׄ ִ ✧̶ ◍⃘ ʿʿ ִ ׄ ִ 🛼̼ ִ ׄ ♡̶ ˒˒ ര̲

❀̼ ׄ ִ ✦̶ ʾʿ 𝐂𝗵oꪱ 𝐘ᧉo𝗻𝗷𝘂𝗻 ׄ ִ ☆̶ ʿʿ ⩇̶

𖤩 ׄ ִ ׄ ◌⃘ ʿʿ ✿̼ ׄ ִ ⨴ ׄ ִ ♡̷ ✦̷ ִ ׄ 𑄹

┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄

🛼̷ ִ ׄ ִ ✶̶ 𝐃ꪱssᧉrtação.

┄┄┄ 𝐅ala.

ര̲ ִ ׄ ִ ✦̶𝐑evꪱsαdo : sꪱm / nα̃o.

ര̲ ִ ׄ ִ ✦̶𝐍αmorαdꪱnhᧉ : ᧉscrᧉvα.

ര̲ ִ ׄ ִ ✦̶𝐃ᧉsꪱgnᧉr : ɥᧉonlαplαcᧉ.

[englishindubellay]

ecg 1

THE or no THE ??

La faim est le problème principal dans le monde aujourd'hui, a dit Earine. Elle a raison. (un fléau, mourir de faim, une disette, une pénurie, un manque, faire pousser des céréales, des OGM, bio carburants, du soja, du blé, I could eat a horse)

Les USA veulent normaliser leur relation avec la Syrie d'après Célian. Il sait de quoi il parle car il veut être ambassadeur. The foreign secretary, David Lammy, the Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, un étranger, un inconnu, un accord)

La France exporte du blé et importe du pétrole, c'est Sacha qui me l'a dit. Il veut devenir professeur d’économie. (des marchandises, délocaliser, expédier, livrer, passer à la douane, trade tariffs, un déficit commercial)

Les oeillets sont les fleurs que Maugan aime le mieux. Quel gars romantique ! (a poppy, Poppy Day, daffodils, a forgetmenot, a lily of the valley, a lily, un bouquet, fleuri, ça, c'est le bouquet!)

L'homme a dompté le cheval il y a bien longtemps m'a dit Lisa qui, soit dit en passant, n’est pas une très bonne cavalière. (to fall off, monter à cheval, une selle, un cheval de course, une course de chevaux, une jument, un poulain, a stud, a horse-shoe, a horse-woman, a steed, to saddle up, I could eat a horse, don’t put the cart before the horse)

Anne-Marie pense que les riches ne devraient pas mépriser les pauvres. Elle veut être bénévole pour la Croix Rouge. (la répartition des richesses, combler un fossé, les nantis, les SDF, to sleep rough, the haves and the have-nots, my English is poor)

Anissam'a raconté que la reine Elisabeth, qui était la cheffe du Royaume-Uni, voyageait sur le Queen Elizabeth. (a liner, a deck, to set sail, a mast, un matelot, faire de la voile, to sail across the Channel, to ship goods abroad, shipping)

Colyne pense que l'arabe et le chinois sont les langues les plus difficiles du monde. (se débrouiller en Italien, apprendre par coeur, une langue maternelle, un pays anglophone)

La dernière fois que j'ai vu Alexandra, c'était la semaine dernière. Elle me manque. (tomber amoureux, to fall out of love with, rompre, a love affair, to have an affair with, to have a crush on someone, it was love at first sight, unrequited love, a lovebird)

La plupart des jeunes aiment la musique et l'alcool selon Tom. Il veut être DJ dans une boite de nuit allemande. (la biture expresse, to down a vodka, brandy, port, booze, BYOB, a drunkard, un demi-litre)

Julia m'a raconté qu'il y a un an, elle a visité le palais de Buckingham, le château de Windsor, le pont de la Tour, les Maisons du Parlement et la Tour de Londres Mais a-t-elle pris le thé avec le Roi ? Je ne crois pas. (to go sight-seeing, to take a tour, un voyagiste, une agence de voyage, réserver en ligne, annuler, are you well-travelled?)

Clément trouve que rien n'est fait pour les sourds, les aveugles et les muets. Pourquoi n'écrit-il pas au Président de la République? (the disabled, a wheelchair, to be hard of hearing, sign language, to have a stutter, specs, to be colour blind, deaf as a post)

Allons au cinéma, a dit Baptiste. Nous pourrions voir l'histoire du Roi Georges VI, le père de feu la Reine Elisabeth. Ca s'appelle The King's Speech. (la monarchie, the Royals, to reign, to rule, être bègue, the King reigns but does not rule, I’m speechless, to be chatty)

Saviez-vous que Mathurin Brieuc jouait du piano, de la guitare et de la batterie ? Il donnera un concert prochainement. Réservez vite vos billets ! (complet, a venue, une représentation, le public, to boo, to cheer, to clap, applause, une ovation debout, to encore)

Les parents de Pierre-Louis travaillent dans l'éducation ou dans la santé. Je ne me souviens plus de ce qu'il m'a dit. (a carer, un travailleur social, the NHS, l'Etat nounou, subventioner, to live on benefits, to be on the dole)

Le taux de chômage n'a pas monté en flèche car il y a eu un plan de relance, m'a expliqué Pénélope. Tu peux lui faire confiance, elle est bonne en économie. (le plein emploi, les 30 glorieuses, a slump, a recovery, double digit inflation, the cost of living crisis, stagflation)

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[reallycool12345]

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[commcookie]

L’intelligence artificielle, un cheval de Troie?

Depuis l’émergence de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) dans les dernières années, beaucoup de points négatifs en sont ressortis. Avec la sortie en 2022 de OpenAI et son grand modèle de langages ChatGPT, beaucoup de compagnies ont voulu accélérer leur développement et faire compétition pour être l’IA le plus poussée et le plus utilisée. En janvier 2023, celui-ci avait déjà 100 millions d’utilisateurs. Dans un domaine aussi compétitif, tous les concurrents essaient d’en ressortir l'unique vainqueur. Certains utilisant même des méthodes plus sournoises que d’autres, tel que lorsque plusieurs « experts » comme Elon Musk ont demandés aux gouvernements de mettre un frein sur l’évolution rapide des IA des autres compagnies prétextant le bien de la société, mais la vraie raison était probablement que l'IA dans leurs compagnies n’arrivaient pas à égaler celle des autres.[1]

L’évolution rapide de l’IA est fulgurante et dans certains domaines l’apport qu’elle entraine est immense. Par exemple, récemment dans un centre hospitalier universitaire (University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust), une IA entraînée à reconnaitre des cellules cancérigènes sur les imageries médicales a signalé un résultat positif sur l'imagerie d’une patiente que les médecins avaient déclaré négatif. Il a été confirmé que le résultat n’était pas une erreur, mais que les médecins n’auraient jamais été en mesure de trouver les cellules infectées. Ce faisant, le cancer a été découvert et un suivi a été prévu avant même que ces cellules ne causent de problèmes. Sans cette IA, qui est d’une aide énorme pour les médecins et les patientes, plusieurs femmes n’auraient pas eu la chance d’avoir un diagnostic prémature qui ne nécessite pas de traitements envahissants.[2]

Mais tout n’est pas que rose, puisque depuis le « boom » de l’IA plusieurs controverses ont eu lieu, ainsi que plusieurs recours collectifs et poursuites judiciaires. En janvier 2023, plusieurs artistes ont déposé un recours collectif contre plusieurs compagnies pour violation du droit d'auteur. Ces artistes revendiquent que ces compagnies entraînaient leur IA avec les œuvres qui étaient dans leur centre de données sans le consentement de leurs utilisateurs. Cette situation est irritante pour les artistes et tous ceux qui apprécient les loisirs créatifs, puisque plusieurs de ces domaines sont menacés.[3]

L’IA, vendue comme un outil révolutionnaire permettant de remplacer les emplois répétitifs ou dangereux comme ceux dans les usines, semble récemment être utilisée aux dépens des domaines créatifs au lieu de supporter la société. Par exemple, dans le jeu de cartes Magic The Gathering, le PDG a annoncé qu’il voulait que les nouveaux contenus des cartes, i.e. les textes et les arts sur celles-ci, soient de plus en plus faits avec l’IA. Ceci provoquerait une grosse perte d’emploi dans la communauté créative et malgré toutes les avancées que l’IA a faites, sur plusieurs aspects elle n’est pas encore à la hauteur de ce que les artistes professionnels peuvent créer. Puisque l’IA fait déjà partie de leur processus, malgré leur affirmation du contraire. D’ailleurs, ils se sont fait prendre à utiliser des images « aidé ou faites par IA » après que la communauté a signalé des anomalies dans les images que souvent les IA font. Mais puisque ces modèles réussissent à faire des œuvres en quelques secondes, pour des compagnies qui ne veulent qu’avoir un profit plus élevé d’année en année, cet outil paraît comme une mine d’or.[4]

Que pensez-vous de l’IA? Quelle est votre position dans son utilisation? Devrait-on limiter son utilisation?

____________________________________

[1] Karim Benessaieh, Musk, Bengio et un millier d’experts demandent une pause de six mois, https://www.lapresse.ca/affaires/techno/2023-03-29/intelligence-artificielle/musk-bengio-et-un-millier-d-experts-demandent-une-pause-de-six-mois.php

[2] Mark Norman, Artificial intelligence 'spotted' my breast cancer, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd9ndpdy0q3o

[3] James Vincent, AI art tools Stable Diffusion and Midjourney targeted with copyright lawsuit, https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/16/23557098/generative-ai-art-copyright-legal-lawsuit-stable-diffusion-midjourney-deviantart

[4] Oli Welsh, Wizards of the Coast admits using AI art after banning AI art, https://www.polygon.com/24029754/wizards-coast-magic-the-gathering-ai-art-marketing-imagege