#Modified Mercalli Intensity

[sepdet]

Aftermath of Chicxulub impact if the dinosaur-killer asteroid strike happened today. See video description for sources of data/latest articles.

If you skim forward, be sure to check the end where it speeds up to cover longterm effects.

Ejecta means "stuff tossed out," both from the impactor and the ground.

There's a lag before the tsunamis start. I'm guessing that's because the ocean has to fill the hole in it caused by water simply vaporizing, then the 180 km wide, 20-km deep crater in the Earth's crust, before it can rebound.

The "thermal impact" chart has a heat scale on the left and a luminosity scale on the right, "radiant flux," measuring how many times brighter it is than the Sun.

See below for a key to the the earthquake intensity scale they're using, which you may have seen on "Did you feel it?" shakemaps produced by the USGS.

This simulation suggests the earthquake subsides after about half an hour (YIKES), but recent studies hint the Earth may have quivered for days, even months.

The video's caption says the earthquakes are color-coded using the MSK earthquake intensity scale, common in Europe, Russia, and the Middle East. But when I checked the links in the video description, it turned out the software they're using simulates the Modified Mercalli intensity used in the Americas.

It doesn't really matter. As you can see from the two charts below, they're basically the same.

Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale

From Wikipedia.

Modified Mercalli scale

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.13 (after 1920)

1922 – The final act of the Greco-Turkish War, the Great Fire of Smyrna, commences. 1923 – Following a military coup in Spain, Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. 1933 – Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman elected to the New Zealand Parliament. 1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge in the Guadalcanal Campaign. U.S. Marines successfully defeat attacks by the Japanese with heavy losses for the Japanese forces. 1944 – World War II: Start of the Battle of Meligalas between the Greek Resistance forces of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) and the collaborationist security battalions. 1948 – Deputy Prime Minister of India Vallabhbhai Patel orders the Army to move into Hyderabad to integrate it with the Indian Union. 1948 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected United States senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate. 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. 1956 – The IBM 305 RAMAC is introduced, the first commercial computer to use disk storage. 1956 – The dike around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed. 1962 – An appeals court orders the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith, the first African-American student admitted to the segregated university. 1964 – South Vietnamese Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Dương Văn Đức fail in a coup attempt against General Nguyễn Khánh. 1964 – Martin Luther King Jr. addresses a crowd of 20,000 West Berliners on Sunday, in Waldbühne. 1968 – Cold War: Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact. 1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to quell a prison revolt, which claimed 43 lives. 1971 – Chairman Mao Zedong's second in command and successor Marshal Lin Biao flees China after the failure of an alleged coup. His plane crashes in Mongolia, killing all aboard. 1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognised outside South Africa). 1982 – Spantax Flight 995 crashes at Málaga Airport during a rejected takeoff, killing 50 of the 394 people on board. 1985 – Super Mario Bros. is released in Japan for the NES, which starts the Super Mario series of platforming games. 1986 – A magnitude 6.0 earthquake strikes Kalamata, Greece with a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing at least 20 and causing heavy damage in the city. 1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and causing some to die from radiation poisoning. 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, later replaced by Hurricane Wilma in 2005 (based on barometric pressure). 1989 – Largest anti-Apartheid march in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu. 1993 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shakes hands with Palestine Liberation Organization chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House after signing the Oslo Accords granting limited Palestinian autonomy. 1997 – A German Air Force Tupolev Tu-154 and a United States Air Force Lockheed C-141 Starlifter collide in mid-air near Namibia, killing 33. 2001 – Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the United States after the September 11 attacks. 2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. 2007 – The McLaren F1 team are found guilty of possessing confidential information from the Ferrari team, fined $100 million, and excluded from the constructors' championship standings. 2008 – Delhi, India, is hit by a series of bomb blasts, resulting in 30 deaths and 130 injuries. 2013 – Taliban insurgents attack the United States consulate in Herat, Afghanistan, with two members of the Afghan National Police reported dead and about 20 civilians injured.

[swiftnliftnewsandarticle]

How are earthquakes measured and reported?

Earthquakes are measured and reported using a combination of seismological instruments, scales, and reporting systems. Here’s an overview of how this process works:

1.Seismometers and SeismographsSeismometers: These keen devices track and identify ground motion brought on by seismic waves produced by an earthquake. Both tiny and huge earthquake tremors can be measured by them. Seismographs: These gadgets create seismograms, which show the frequency and amplitude of the seismic waves, by recording the data gathered by seismometers on paper or digital media.

2. Wave TypesPrimary Waves (P-waves): These are the initial and quickest seismic waves. They pass through both liquids and solids. Secondary waves, or S-waves, are waves that only pass through solids and arrive after P-waves. The time of their arrival aids in locating the earthquake. Surface Waves: During an earthquake, these waves typically cause the most damage because they move along the Earth's surface.

3. Magnitude RankingsRichter Scale: Developed in the 1930s, this scale gauges the size of an earthquake by measuring the amplitude of seismic waves. Because it is logarithmic, a tenfold increase in wave amplitude is represented by each whole number increment. Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw): This is the most commonly used scale today, providing a more accurate measure of an earthquake's size by considering the fault area, slip, and the rigidity of rocks. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale: This scale measures the intensity of shaking and damage caused by an earthquake, using observations from people and structural damage rather than seismic data.

4. Choosing a LocationTriangulation: Information from at least three seismograph stations is utilized to determine the epicenter of an earthquake, which is the location directly above the focus. Each station's distance from the epicenter is found by measuring the interval between the arrival times of P- and S-waves. The position of the epicenter can be found by triangulating these distances.

5. Systems of ReportingSeismological Networks: Companies such as the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and other international networks keep a close eye on seismic activity and offer data and analysis in real time. Public Alerts: Websites, social media, and alarm systems are just a few of the ways that the general public is informed about earthquakes. In populous regions, early warning systems can send out signals seconds before the ground starts to shake.

6. Data Analysis and ResearchAftershock Monitoring: Following a significant earthquake, seismologists monitor aftershocks, which can be numerous and vary in magnitude. study Studies: In order to better understand seismic activity, develop building codes, and increase earthquake preparedness, data from earthquakes is used in continuing study.

7. Global CollaborationInternational Networks: To exchange data and enhance earthquake monitoring worldwide, nations work together via networks such as the Global Seismographic Network (GSN).established Reporting: To guarantee uniformity in the measurement, reporting, and interpretation of earthquakes worldwide, organizations adhere to established procedures.

Conclusion

Through a combination of advanced technology, established scales, and collaborative efforts, earthquakes are accurately measured and reported, helping to enhance public safety and understanding of seismic activity.

[thenewsart]

Magnitude 3.4 earthquake hits Huntington Beach, rattling nerves

A magnitude 3.4 earthquake hit underneath Huntington Beach on Friday night, rattling some nerves. The earthquake struck at 9:52 p.m., with an epicenter just east of Newland Elementary School. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, there was light shaking at the epicenter as defined by the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, with the shaking intense enough to be felt indoors by many — feeling…

[affairsmastery]

Just to Know!

A recent earthquake of 6.4 magnitude hit Nepal on 3rd November 2023, followed by an aftershock, which has exposed significant shortcomings in emergency alert systems in and around Delhi.

Google’s Android Earthquake Early Warning System:

This is a feature that uses the sensors in Android smartphones to detect seismic activity and alert users about potential earthquakes.

It also collects and shares the data with seismological agencies to improve earthquake detection and analysis.

Google launched this feature in India in September 2023, in collaboration with the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the National Centre for Seismology (NCS), Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Google's alerts are triggered based on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale, an alternative to the Richter scale.

The CBAS represents cutting-edge technology that empowers us to disseminate critical and time-sensitive disaster management messages to all mobile devices within specified geographical areas, regardless of whether the recipients are residents or visitors.

Common applications of Cell Broadcast include delivering emergency alerts such as severe weather warnings (e.g., Tsunamis, Flash Floods, Earthquakes), public safety messages, evacuation notices, and other critical information.

It is developed in collaboration with the Department of Telecommunications (DOT) and the NDMA and other agencies to generate and disseminate the alerts.

[sunrayretriever]

did you guys know that aside from using the magnitude scale for earthquakes they also use the modified mercalli scale to measure the intensity of shaking produced by those earthquakes

and since magnitude and MM use different info to determine different things, you can have a pretty "weak" earthquake do some really fucked up damage (i.e a 2.2 magnitude quake in england back in 1865 had a MMI of VIII, which is 8 out of 12 on the scale)

[giffstore]

Bencana Tsunami

Tsunami merupakan gelombang air laut besar yang dipicu oleh pusaran air bawah laut karena pergeseran lempeng, tanah longsor, erupsi gunungapi, dan jatuhnya meteor. Tsunami dapat bergerak dengan kecepatan sangat tinggi dan dapat mencapai daratan dengan ketinggian gelombang hingga 30 meter. Tsunami sangat berpotensi bahaya meskipun tsunami ini tidak terlalu merusak garis pantai. Gempa yang disebabkan pergerakan dasar laut atau pergeseran lempeng yang paling sering menimbulkan tsunami. Pada tahun 2006 Indonesia mengalami tsunami dahsyat setelah gempabumi berskala 8.9 SR terjadi di sekitar Aceh. 

Area yang memiliki risiko tinggi jika gempa bumi besar atau tanah longsor terjadi dekat pantai gelombang pertama dalam seri bisa mencapai pantai dalam beberapa menit, bahkan sebelum peringatan dikeluarkan. Area berada pada risiko yang lebih besar jika berlokasi kurang dari 25 meter di atas permukaan laut dan dalam beberapa meter dari garis pantai.

Jenis-Jenis Tsunami

1. Tsunami jarak dekat (lokal); terjadi 0-30 menit setelah gempa.  Jarak pusat gempa ke lokasi ini sejauh 200 km. Besar kemungkinan bahwa daerah di sekitar gempa bumi merasakan atau bahkan merusak bangunan. Tanda-tanda sebelum terjadi tsunami adalah getaran kuat dan sering diikuti oleh pasang surut air laut. Tanda-tanda ini diperbesar dengan sistem peralatan yang dilengkapi dengan alarm.

2. Tsunami jarak menengah; terjadi 30 menit-2 jam setelah gempa Jarak pusat gempa ke lokasi ini sejauh 200 km sampai 1.000 km. Ada kemungkinan bahwa daerah di sekitar jarak ini merasakan juga gempa dengan intensitas II sampai V MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensity). Tanda-tanda sebelum terjadi tsunami adalah getaran kuat dan sering diikuti oleh pasang surut air laut. Sistem peralatan daerah ini juga sama dengan daerah di atas, namun sistem peralatan mungkin lebih banyak berperan karena getaran tidak terlalu keras. Tanda-tanda ini juga diperbesar dengan sistem peralatan yang dilengkapi dengan alarm.

3. Tsunami jarak jauh; terjadi lebih dari dua jam setelah gempa Jarak lokasi daerah ini dari pusat gempa lebih dari 1.000 km, karena itu kecil kemungkinan daerah ini merasakan gempa. Namun masih mungkin terjadi pasang surut sebelum gelombang tsunami datang. Sistem peralatan daerah ini tidak perlu dilengkapi dengan accelerograph, kecuali daerah ini juga termasuk daerah rawan tsunami jarak dekat. Peralatan yang diperlukan untuk daerah ini adalah Tremors yang sudah dipasang di Stasiun Geofisika Tretes.

Faktor yang mempengaruhi tinggi tsunami

1. Bentuk pantai; Refraksi adalah transformasi gelombang akibat adanya perubahan geometri dasar laut. Di tempat di mana terjadi penyempitan maka akan terjadi konsentrasi energi, sehingga tinggi gelombang di tempat itu akan membesar.

2. Kelandaian Pantai; Jarak jangkauan tsunami ke daratan juga sangat ditentukan oleh terjal dan landainya morfologi pantai, di mana pada pantai terjal tsunami tak akan terlalu jauh mencapai daratan karena tertahan dan dipantulkan kembali oleh tebing pantai, sementara di pantai landai tsunami menerjang sampai beberapa kilometer masuk ke daratan. Bila tsunami menjalar ke pantai maka ia akan mengalami perubahan kecepatan, tinggi dan arah, suatu proses yang sangat kompleks meliputi shoaling , refraksi, difraksi, dan lain-lain. Shoaling adalah proses pembesaran tinggi gelombang karena pendangkalan dasar laut. Gempa bumi biasanya terjadi di dekat pertemuan lempeng benua dan samudera di laut dalam, lalu menjalar ke pantai yang lebih dangkal. Aliran ini akan teramplifikasi ketika mendekati daratan akibat efek shoaling. Difraksi adalah transformasi gelombang akibat ada tidaknya bangunan atau struktur penghalang. Ini terjadi bila gelombang terintangi sehingga dipantulkan kembali. Suatu bangunan tegak dan padat akan lebih mampu memecah daripada yang miring dan tembus air. Pembangunan tembok laut (breakwater) seperti di Jepang, memang efektif menghalangi terjangan tsunami.

3. Vegetasi dan struktur penghalang di sekitar pantai; Kekuatan hutan pantai meredam tsunami makin terbukti jika hutan semakin tebal, misalnya hutan dengan lebar 400 meter dihantam tsunami dengan ketinggian tiga meter maka jangkauan run up tinggal 57 persen, tinggi genangan setelah melewati hutan pantai tersisa 18 persen, arus tinggal 24 persen.

4. Arah gelombang tsunami; Gelombang tsunami yang datang dengan arah tegak lurus dengan pantai tentu akan menyebabkan tinggi gelombang tsunami lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan tinggi gelombang tsunami yang datang dengan arah sejajar atau dengan sudut tertentu. Seperti datang dari arah barat, timur, barat daya ataupun dari arah tenggara.

5. Efek pemantulan dari pulau lain; Gelombang tsunami yang terjadi tidak langsung berasal dari sumbernya, akan tetapi terjadi karena akibat adanya pemantulan gelombang dari sekitar pulau yang terkena dampak gelombang tsunami. Hal ini pernah terjadi di pulau Babi, yang mana pulau tersebut diterjang gelombang tsunami akibat dari pemantulan dari pulau disekitar pulau Babi.

[usatricks]

How earthquakes are measured | CNN

How earthquakes are measured | CNN

CNN  —  Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which monitor the seismic waves that travel through the Earth after an earthquake strikes. Scientists used the Richter Scale for many years but now largely follow the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, which the U.S. Geological Survey says is a more accurate measure of size. The Richter scale measures magnitude, whereas the MMI scale…

[helloyoufuckinbastards]

me bullshitin my way through eart sci

The intensity of the earthquake can vary from place to place depending on the distance of the place to the origin of the earthquake. This means the the origin of the earthquake came from some where near Quezon but far enough to only cause injuries, and far from Cavite but close enough to cause injuries. A magnitude high enough to cause injuries to a far away place, while being low enough to cause no deaths in a closer place. So the intensity of it the earthquake that hit Cavite City maybe 5-6 and Quezon City has an intensity of 6-7. And let's say it's from the West Valley Fault and it originated in Makati, so that's about 6.0-6.9, at the very least. So, since we identified the probable intensity and magnitude, let's extrapolate more. 5-6 intensity on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale says that 5 felt nearly by everyone, and some fragile objects may brake, 6 is felt by all and has a few instances of fallen plaster, and 7 has slight to moderate damage on well-built ordinary structures and some chimneys be broken.

[sahnazizah-blog]

Gempa Bumi Sumatera Barat 30 September 2009

Orientasi

BMKG 30/9/15, Hari ini 6 (enam) tahun yang lalu tepatnya pada tanggal 30 September 2009 pukul 17:16:09 WIB seluruh wilayah Sumatera Barat merasakan guncangan gempa bumi yang sangat kuat, guncangan yang disebabkan oleh gempa bumi tersebut juga dirasakan di kota-kota Sumatera lainnya, bahkan guncangan tersebut terasa sampai ke Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand dan juga di Jakarta dengan intensitas III MMI. Gempa bumi dengan kekuatan 7.9 SR dengan kedalaman 71 km dan pusat gempa pada 0.84 LS – 99.65 BT ini kurang lebih sekitar 57 Km Barat Daya Pariaman, Sumatera Barat, gempa ini telah memporak-porandakan hampir seluruh wilayah Sumatera Barat khususnya wilayah pantai Barat Sumbar.

Urutan Peristiwa

Melihat hasil peta guncangan (shakemap) yang diakibatkan oleh gempa bumi tanggal 30 September 2009, maka intensitas guncangan gempa yang sangat kuat terjadi di Pariaman, Agam, Padang dengan intensitas VIII MMI. Berdasarkan skala Modified Mercalli Intensity merupakan skala ukuran kerusakan akibat gempa bumi berdasarkan pengamatan efek gempa bumi terhadap manusia, struktur bangunan, lingkungan pada suatu tempat tertentu maka intensitas pada skala VIII MMI ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada bangunan yang tidak kuat.

Kerusakan ringan pada bangunan-bangunan dengan konstruksi yang kuat, retak-retak pada bangunan yang kuat, dinding dapat terlepas dari kerangka rumah, sedangkan kota-kota di Sumatera Barat lainnya dengan intensitas VI-VII MMI antara lain di Bukit Tinggi, Padang Panjang,Pasaman, Pasaman Barat, Batu Sangkar, Solok, Solok selatan, dan Pesisir Selatan. Gempa bumi tersebut telah menyebabkan sedikitnya 1100 orang meninggal, 2180 orang luka-luka dan 2650 bangunan rumah rusak berat/ringan termasuk gedung-gedung kantor, sekolah, rumah sakit, tempat ibadah, pasar, jalan, jembatan dengan kerusakan paling parah sepanjang pantai Barat Sumatera Barat juga telah menyebabkan jaringan listrik dan komunikasi terputus. Sebagian besar korban disebabkan karena tertimpa reruntuhan bangunan dikarenakan kontruksi bangunan yang tidak aman,akibat gempa juga terjadi eksodus besar-besaran warga yang tinggal disekitar pantai ke tempat lain karena adanya isu akan datangnya gelombang tsunami. Wilayah barat pulau Sumatera merupakan salah satu kawasan yang terletak pada pinggiran lempeng aktif dunia hal ini dapat dilihat pada tingginya. Kejadian gempa bumi di wilayah ini karena wilayah ini adalah daerah pertemuan lempeng tektonik Indo-Australia dengan lempeng tektonik Eurasia. Sumber gempa di wilayah ini tidak hanya bersumber dari pertemuan lempeng tektonik tersebut tetapi juga dikarenakan adanya sesar Mentawai (Mentawai Fault System) dan sesar Sumatera (Sumatera Fault System). Dengan adanya 3 (tiga) sumber gempa bumi tersebut menambah kompleknya tektonik wilayah Sumatera dan menyebabkan wilayah Sumatera merupakan daerah yang rawan terhadap Gempa bumi. Berdasarkan katalog gempa bumi merusak BMKG, ke-tiga sumber gempa bumi di Sumatera tersebut, baik gempa bumi yang terjadi di Subduksi, sesar Mentawai dan sesar Sumatera telah menyebabkan kerusakan bangunan dan juga korban jiwa, yaitu dimulai pada tahun 1926 gempa bumi terjadi disekitar danau Singkarak yang menyebabkan 354 orang meninggal dunia. Kejadian gempabumi selanjutnya berturut-turut terjadi pada tahun 1977, 1979, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 dan 2010. Beberapa gempa bumi tersebut disamping menyebabkan kerusakan bangunan juga menimbulkan tsunami.

Reorientasi

Kini setelah 6 tahun berlalu kejadian itu masih teringat pada sebagian besar masyarakat Sumatera Barat karena disamping diantaranya menjadi korban reruntuhan bangunan yang disebabkan oleh gempa bumi juga sebagian dari mereka kehilangan keluarga dan harta bendanya dan mereka juga masih trauma dengan kejadian gempa bumi 30 September 2009. Mengingat wilayah Sumatera merupakan wilayah yang rawan terjadinya gempa bumi dimana gempa bumi juga mempunyai return periode kejadiannya maka dengan melihat kembali sejarah kejadian gempa bumi dimasa lalu dapat meningkatkan kesadaran kita akan pentingnya pemahaman tentang gempa bumi. Mengetahui daerah-daerah rawan gempa bumi respon atau tindakan sebelum,sesaat dan setelah terjadinya gempa bumi haruslah dipahami dan yang penting adalah sosialisasi yang menerus kepada masyarakat tentang ancaman bahaya gempa bumi serta sosialisasi dari pemerintah pusat daerah dan juga lembaga swadaya masyarakat tentang pentingnya kontruksi rumah aman gempa pada daerah rawan gempa. Sedangkan masyarakat yang tinggal didaerah pantai disamping memahami hal tersebut diatas juga mengetahui jalur-jalur evakuasi yang sudah ada disetiap wilayah perkampungan, juga meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya melakukan evakuasi sesegera mungkin sesaat setelah merasakan guncangan gempa bumi yang kuat untuk menjauh dari pantai mencari tempat-tempat yang tinggi.

[odishaphotos]

Earthquake prone areas in India

Earthquake prone areas in India

The Indian subcontinent has been hit by devastating earthquakes in the past. The epicenter was reported below the Pacific Ocean floor, however; no tsunami alert was issued. "It simply came to our notice then. According to India's geographical data, about 54% of the area is prone to earthquakes. According to the World Bank and the United Nations, around 200 million people will be affected by 2050 hurricanes and earthquakes. The latest earthquake map of India in the Indian Earthquake Prevention Code [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002 lists four types of earthquakes in India according to the effects of earthquakes. In other words, the Indian Earthquake Map, which divides India into four Earthquakes (Zones 2, 3, 4, and 5), is different from its previous map, which had five or six zones for the country. According to the current zoning system,

Zone-5 has the highest number of earthquakes, while Zone-2 has the lowest number of earthquakes. From the India Meteorological Department's website, we can get the latest seismic maps. The magnitude of the MSK (MSK: Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik), especially with various earthquakes, is 6 (or less), 7, 8, 9 (or more) for zones 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. (Like Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)) The Indian Standard Code (IS code) follows the dual design philosophy: (a) Architecture is not completely destroyed in low-impact or severe earthquakes (MCEs). (B) Frequent earthquakes have caused minor damage to the architectural framework. Each zone reports on the impact of the earthquake in a given area, and this usually depends on the impact of the affected area. It can also be defined by some scales, such as the Modified Mercalli intensity scale and the Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik scale.

Zone 5-- Zone 5 is the most endangered region affected by an earthquake with MSK IX or higher. The Indian standard code (IS code) has set a zone factor of 0.36 for Zone-5. Various architectural engineers use this factor to build earthquake-resistant structures. Kashmir, Punjab, the western and central Himalayas, the northeastern Indian region and Kutch are part of the zone. Areas with trap or basaltic rocks are most prone to earthquakes.

Zone -4 This is called the High Damage Risk Zone and is part of the MSK VIII area. The zone standard for this zone is set by the Indian Standard Code, 0.24. This includes the Indo-Gangetic basin and the capital Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir.

Zone-3 These include the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of Kashmir, and the western part of the Himalayas. It is recognized as a Moderate Damage Risk. This is MSK VII and 7.8 probability zones. The standard factor is 0.16 according to the standard code. Zone-2 It is recognized as an area of ​​MSK VI potential and a Low Damage Risk Area. According to the standard code, the zone factor is 0.10 (only 10% of an architectural, gravitational acceleration in the region can handle the maximum parallel acceleration).

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.13 (after 1950)

1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. 1956 – The IBM 305 RAMAC is introduced, the first commercial computer to use disk storage. 1956 – The dike around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed. 1962 – An appeals court orders the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith, the first African-American student admitted to the segregated university. 1964 – South Vietnamese Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Dương Văn Đức fail in a coup attempt against General Nguyễn Khánh. 1964 – Martin Luther King Jr. addresses a crowd of 20,000 West Berliners on Sunday, in Waldbühne. 1968 – Cold War: Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact. 1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to quell a prison revolt, which claimed 43 lives. 1971 – Chairman Mao Zedong's second in command and successor Marshal Lin Biao flees China after the failure of an alleged coup. His plane crashes in Mongolia, killing all aboard. 1977 – General Motors introduces Diesel engine, with Oldsmobile Diesel engine, in the Delta 88, Oldsmobile 98, and Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser models amongst others. 1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognised outside South Africa). 1982 – Spantax Flight 995 crashes at Málaga Airport during a rejected takeoff, killing 50 of the 394 people on board. 1985 – Super Mario Bros. is released in Japan for the NES, which starts the Super Mario series of platforming games. 1986 – A magnitude 6.0 earthquake strikes Kalamata, Greece with a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing at least 20 and causing heavy damage in the city. 1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and causing some to die from radiation poisoning. 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, later replaced by Hurricane Wilma in 2005 (based on barometric pressure). 1989 – Largest anti-Apartheid march in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu. 1993 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shakes hands with Palestine Liberation Organization chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House after signing the Oslo Accords granting limited Palestinian autonomy. 1997 – A German Air Force Tupolev Tu-154 and a United States Air Force Lockheed C-141 Starlifter collide in mid-air near Namibia, killing 33.[8] 2001 – Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the United States after the September 11 attacks. 2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. 2007 – The McLaren F1 team are found guilty of possessing confidential information from the Ferrari team, fined $100 million, and excluded from the constructors' championship standings.[9] 2008 – Delhi, India, is hit by a series of bomb blasts, resulting in 30 deaths and 130 injuries. 2008 – Hurricane Ike makes landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast of the United States, causing heavy damage to Galveston Island, Houston, and surrounding areas. 2013 – Taliban insurgents attack the United States consulate in Herat, Afghanistan, with two members of the Afghan National Police reported dead and about 20 civilians injured. 2018 – The Merrimack Valley gas explosions: One person is killed, 25 are injured, and 40 homes are destroyed when excessive natural gas pressure caused fires and explosions.

[kliksamarinda]

Gempa di Sulbar, Tim Basarnas Kaltim Turunkan Bantuan

KLIKSAMARINDA - Gempa kuat dengan magnitudo 6,2 kembali dirasakan warga Majene di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat pada Jumat dini hari 15 Januari 2021. Gempa sebelumnya terjadi pada Kamis 14 Januari 2021 yang juga dirasakan kuat di beberapa kabupaten. Melalui rilis Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Majene menginformasikan warganya merasakan gempa kuat selama 5 hingga 7 detik. Gempa yang berpusat 6 km timur laut Majene, Sulawesi Barat (Sulbar) membuat para warga panik. "Kepanikan membuat mereka keluar rumah. Laporan yang diterima Pusat Pengendali Operasi BNPB pada dini hari tadi menyebutkan masyarakat masih berada di luar rumah mengantisipasi gempa susulan," ujar Kepala Pusat Data, Informasi dan Komunikasi Kebencanaan BNPB, Dr. Raditya Jati. dalam rilis pada Jumat siang, 15 Januari 2021. Hal serupa dirasakan warga Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. BPBD setempat menginformasikan gempa dirasakan warga cukup kuat sekitar 5 hingga 7 detik. Guncangan memicu kepanikan hingga keluar rumah. "Berdasarkan analisis peta guncangan BMKG yang diukur dengan skala MMI atau Modified Mercalli Intensity, gempa M6,2 ini memicu kekuatan guncangan IV - V MMI di Majene, III MMI di Palu, Sulawesi Tengah dan II MMI di Makasar, Sulawesi Selatan," ujar Dr. Raditya Jati. Skala Mercalli tersebut merupakan satuan untuk mengukur kekuatan gempa. Read the full article

[worldofdate]

Relationships between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Modified Mercalli … #relationships We have developed regression relationships between Modified Mercalli Intensity (Imm) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV) by ... Source link

[informationpalace]

Earthquake with Magnitude 3.3 hits the San Fernando Valley

The San Fernando Valley Sunday morning was shaken by a magnitude 3.3 earthquake. The earthquake's epicenter which hit at 3:19 a.m. was in Chatsworth. Strong shaking was felt in the northwest portion of the Valley, although, according to the U.S., heavy shaking was felt in the rest of the Valley and downtown Los Angeles and Westside. As specified by the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, light shaking can open people's eyes and rattle plates and windows, shake stationary motor vehicles and sound like a truck hitting a house. Hundreds of people confirmed feeling the earthquake within 20 minutes of the earthquake, and confirmed it to the USGS' Did You Feel It? Survey to crowdsource. As far as Simi Valley, Santa Clarita, and Santa Monica, people confirmed feeling it. EARTHQUAKE. — Ava DuVernay (@ava) May 3, 2020 I’m very awake here in Northridge, and I see some neighbors in the next building turning on their lights. — Julian Lozos (@seismogenic) May 3, 2020 Nearby based earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or greater have not occurred in the last 10 days. As per a latest three year data review, an average of five earthquakes with magnitudes between 3.0 and 4.0 occur annually in the greater Los Angeles area. The earthquake happened 4.3 miles deep. Have you ever felt the earthquake? Try sending your thoughts to USGS. Even if you have not felt this tiny earthquake, you never know when the Big One will strike. Create your own survival kit by following our five-step Earthquake preparedness plan. Quakebot, a computer application that tracks the most recent earthquakes detected by the USGS, automatically created the first version of this tale. Once it was written a Times editor checked the post, and a Times journalist revised it. If you would like to know more about the program, please visit our list of common questions. Do not forget leaving your valuable comment on this piece of writing and sharing with your near and dear ones. To keep yourself up-to-date with Information Palace, put your email in the space given below and Subscribe. Furthermore, if you yearn to know about the challenge of Hafthor Bjornsson, view our construct, ��Hafthor Bjornsson tells The Mountain he’ll ‘rip your f*ing head’ after call-out’. Read the full article