#Micropipette Kit

[microlitseo]

How Microlit's Products Ensure Reproducibility & Accuracy in Research?

We all know the importance of consistent and precise results form the backbone of reliable scientific inquiry, driving innovation and discovery. Similarly, Microlit, a renowned manufacturer of high-precision liquid handling instruments, has built its reputation on ensuring these critical elements in laboratory automation. This blog explores how our products contribute to reproducibility and accuracy in scientific research. 

1. Precision Engineering and Manufacturing

Our commitment to precision starts with its engineering and manufacturing processes. Each product is designed and built using cutting-edge micropipette technology and stringent quality control measures. The use of high-quality materials and advanced production techniques ensures that every instrument performs with exceptional accuracy. 

High-Quality Materials: We utilize premium-grade materials, such as chemically resistant plastics and corrosion-resistant metals, to ensure durability and reliability. 

Advanced Manufacturing Techniques: Precision machining and automated assembly processes minimize human error and ensure consistent quality across all products. 

2. Calibration and Certification

Accurate measurements are vital for reproducibility in research. Our products come with rigorous pipette calibration and certification, meeting international standards such as ISO 8655. 

ISO 8655 Compliance: All instruments are calibrated according to ISO 8655 standards, ensuring that they meet global benchmarks for accuracy and precision.

Calibration Certificates: Each product is accompanied by a calibration certificate, providing researchers with confidence in the accuracy of their instruments from the moment they are unboxed.

3. Innovative Design Features

Our products incorporate innovative design features that enhance precision and ease of use, contributing to reproducibility through laboratory equipment. 

Ergonomic Design: Comfortable handling reduces user fatigue and improves pipetting accuracy, especially during prolonged use.

Smooth Piston Mechanism: A smooth and consistent piston mechanism ensures precise liquid handling, minimizing variability in measurements.

Adjustable Volume Settings: Our micropipettes feature easy-to-adjust volume settings with clear digital displays, allowing for precise and repeatable measurements.

4. Comprehensive Range of Products

We offers a comprehensive range of liquid handling instruments tailored to various research needs, including:

Micropipettes: Single-channel, multi-channel, and electronic micropipettes for precise liquid handling across different volume ranges.

Dispensers: High-precision bottle top dispensers for accurate and reproducible dispensing of reagents and solutions.

Burettes: Digital burettes for titration, offering precise control and accurate results in analytical procedures.

5. User Training and Support

Ensuring that users are well-versed in the proper use and maintenance of their instruments is crucial for maintaining accuracy and reproducibility. We provide extensive training resources and support to researchers.

User Manuals and Tutorials: Detailed user manuals and online tutorials guide researchers in the correct use and maintenance of their instruments.

Customer Support: Our dedicated customer support team is available to assist with any queries or issues, ensuring that researchers can rely on their instruments without interruption.

6. Regular Maintenance and Servicing

Regular maintenance and servicing of liquid handling instruments are essential for sustained accuracy and reproducibility. We offer comprehensive maintenance services to keep instruments in optimal condition.

Maintenance Kits: Available for routine maintenance, ensuring that researchers can easily perform necessary upkeep.

Professional Servicing: Expert servicing and calibration services are available to maintain the accuracy and longevity of the instruments.

Conclusion

In scientific research, reproducibility and accuracy are not just desired but essential. Our products, with their precision engineering, rigorous calibration, innovative design features, comprehensive range, user support, and maintenance services, provide researchers with the tools they need to achieve these critical elements. If you are choosing Microlit, researchers can be confident in the reliability and accuracy of their measurements, driving forward their discoveries with trust and precision.

[teh-o-ais-satu]

pagi tadi rabu buat agar untuk conventional method total plate count. buat rose bengal medium dgan apha. timbang ikut bacaan, rose buat 10g 500ml air, apha buat 11.75g 500ml air. stir guna stirrer and heating sampai dah fully mix. pastu autoclave apha 121c 15min, rose 121c 5 min.

lepastu buat guna in house method, nissui rapid test kit. buat utk yeast and mould and microbe counting. guna 3 sample, milk chocolate, royal milk dan sihat bars. mula2 timbang 10g sample, masukkan dalam stomacher bag. pastu masukkan buffered peptone water (bpw) pastu campurkan masuk dalam stomacher, 30 sec 2 cycle speed 2. lepas tu letak klipkan kat sample holder pastu potong beg tu dekat dengan sample, pastu 1ml amik sample using micropipette, letak kat dalam 2nd dilution (bpw -2), pastu amik 1ml letak kat satu plate nissui, pastu repeat sekali, pastu letak 1ml sample yg dah diluted kat 2 plate then dah. do it for both ynm and mc for each sample.

pastu kemas aparatus, keluarkan dari kotak, pastu basuh bersihkan beaker semua etc.

[microlitusa]

Micropipette Set | Pipette Starter Kit | Microlit USA

Microlit offers you a set of compact micropipette that is used as a adjustable volume pipette. The set includes 3 adjustable micropipette having different range of liquid volume, universal top cone compatible with most internationally accepted tips and fully autoclavable at 20° C, 15psi. For details, call us at +1(732) 321-0852 or visit the website https://www.microlit.us/product-category/pipette-sets-kits/

[juniperpublishersoceanography]

Effect of Origanum vulgare Extract on Immune Responses and Heamatological Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

In this study, Origanum vulgare extract was used to evaluate its effects on immune responses and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Six hundred (600) averages mean weight 13±0.05g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were randomly allocated into two groups including placebo-treated group (control), and Origanum vulgare extract-treated group, each of three replicates. The fishes were hand-fed once a day with diet medicated placebo or Origanum vulgare extract (OE) at a rate of 1% of feed weight in the first feeding for 8 weeks. At the end of every two weeks 24hrs after feeding, fish were bled from caudal vein and blood samples were analyzed for some of hematological and immunological parameters. The results showed that serum total protein, albumin and globulin, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity and serum lysozyme activity vary among the two treatment groups which were found to be higher in OE-treated group (P<0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of OE at a rate of 1% registered higher immunological responses. Therefore, dietary inclusion of OE could improve nonspecific immune responses in rainbow trout. Future studies to determine optimal herb mixtures and dietary levels should be conducted.

Keywords: Herbal immunostimulant; Iranian medicinal plants; Origanum vulgare; Fish

Introduction

Major targets in the aquaculture industry are to maintain fish health as well as to improve fish performance. The use of plant extracts in practical diets for fish is a very topical concept in aquaculture industry. One of the most important aspects in rainbow trout farming is the nutrition factor. It can influence the performance as well as the health status of the cultured fish. Origanum vulgare is a member of the Labiatae family of plants. It is an aromatic plant with a wide distribution throughout the Mediterranean area and Asia [1]. The essential oil obtained from O. vulgare subsp. hirtum plant by a steam distillation process comprises more than 20 ingredients, most of which are phenolic antioxidants [2]. Major components are carvacrol and thymol that constitute about 78 to 82% of the total oil [3]. It has been suggested that the essential oil derived from oregano possess in vitro antimicrobial [4,5] antifungal [6], insecticidal [7] and antioxidant [8] properties. These properties are mainly attributed to carvacrol and thymol. The activity of other constituents such as the two monoterpene hydrocarbons, γ-terpinene and p-cymene, that often constitute about 5 and 7% of the total oil, respectively [3] is uncertain.

Materials and Methods

Preparation of Origanum vulgare extract

The plant of Origanum vulgare was procured from local store and plant species was identified and confirmed by a botanist in Institute of Medicinal Plants. The dried air parts were collected and washed in sterile distilled water. The samples were separately shade-dried for 10 day till weight constancy was achieved. Then, the samples were powdered in an electric blender. The extract was prepared with the standard method of percolation. To do this, chopped dried air parts of plant in 80% ethanol were percolated for 72 hours. Then, the slurry was filtered with Whattman No. 1 filter paper and centrifuged for 5min at 5000rpm. The filtrate obtained from ethanol using a rotary device, the excess solvent was separated from the extract. These crude extract was stored at 4 °C until use.

Supplementation ofthe normal diet with dried Origanum vulgare extract

The formulated fish feed was prepared using the normal fish diet (50% crude protein, 18% crude lipid, 1.9% fiber, 1.3% total phosphorus, 8.3% ashes, and 14.8% nitrogen free extract) with dried Origanum vulgare extract or placebo at a ratio 1% of weight food and mixing part by part in a drum mixer. Sufficient water along with the oil ingredients were then added to make a paste of each diet. After it was pelleted and allowed to cool dry. The pellets were air dried and stored in air tight containers until fed.

Fish and experimental conditions

600 rainbow trout weighing 13±0.05 were used. All experiments were carried out in 1,000 liter round concrete ponds with a continuous water flow of 2.5 liter per second. The fish were kept at an ambient, including uncontrolled water temperature of 15±1 °C, dissolved oxygen of 7.2±0.2mg l-1 and pH 8±0.3. After 2 weeks adaptation, fish were randomly allotted in two groups including an experimental group and a control group, in triplicate was maintained in 6 concrete ponds each containing 100 fish. Each group was hand-fed once a day with diet medicated 1% of Origanum vulgare extract, or placebo (70% lactose, 10 % starch and 20 % talc) prepared in the laboratory and three times with normal diet at a rate 2% of body weight for 10 weeks.

Bleeding and serum collection

During bleeding, fish were rapidly netted, tranquillized with 50mg/l of tricaine methane sulfonate (MS222, Sigma chemical Co. St. Louis, MO, USA). Fish were bled from caudal vein using 1ml insulin syringe fitted with 24 gauge needle. To minimize the stress to fish, 1ml of blood was drawn and the whole bleeding procedure was completed within 1min. A total number of 15 blood samples were collected from 15 fish in each group (5 samples from each replicate) at the end of every 2 weeks, 24h after final feeding period. The blood pooling of 5 fish from each replicate divided into 2 haves. Half collected in serological tubes containing a pinch of lithium heparin powder, shaken gently and kept at 4 °C to test hematological parameters. Other half collected in tubes without of anticoagulant and allowed to clot at 4 °C for 2hrs to test serological parameters. The clot was the spun down at 2000rpm for 10min to separate the serum. The serum collected by micropipette and was stored in sterile Eppendorf tubes at -20 °C until used for assay.

Hematological assay

Blood sample was analyzed with routine methods adopted in fish hematology [9]. The total red blood cell counts (RBC x106/μl) were determined in a 1:200 dilution of the blood sample in Hayem's solution and total white blood cell counts (WBC x103/μl) in a 1:20 dilution of the blood sample with a Neubauer hemocytometer. The hematocrit (Hct) and leucocrit percentages were determined in duplicate by using micro hematocrit-heparinized capillary tubes of 75μl volume and a micro hematocrit centrifuge at 15000rpm for 5min [10]. The percentages of erythrocyte (hematocrit) and leucocyte (leucocrit) volumes were calculated by overlaying the tubes on a sliding scale hematocrit reader.

The hemoglobin (Hbg/dl) concentrations were determined by the cyanomethaemoglobin method [11] using a haemoglobin reagent set (Ziest Chem Diagnostics). The all the values of red blood cell indices, the mean values of cell haemoglobin (MCH pg), cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC %), and cell hemoglobin volume (MCV fl) were calculated according to Wintrobe formulae [12]. The differential leukocytes count was carried out using blood smears stained with Wright-Giemsa. The percentage composition of leukocytes was determined based on their identification characters listed by Ivanava [13].

Biochemical assay

Serum total protein content was estimated photo metrically by citrate buffer and bromocresol green (BCG) dye binding method [14] using the kit (total protein and albumin kit, Pars Azmun Company, Iran). Albumin was determined BCG binding method. The absorbance of standard and test were measured against blank in a spectrophotometer at 546nm. Globulin level was calculated by subtracting albumin values from total serum protein. Albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio was calculated by diving albumin values by globulin values.

Immunological assay

Separation of leukocytes from the blood

Leucocytes for assay were separated from each blood sample by density-gradient centrifugation. One milliliter of histopaque 1.119 (Sigma) containing 100μl of bactohemagglutination buffer, pH 7.3 (Difco, USA) was dispensed into siliconised tubes. 1ml of a mixture of 1.077 density histopaque and hemagglutination buffer and 1ml of blood was carefully layered on the top. The sample preparations were centrifuged at 2500rpm for 15min at 4 °C. After centrifugation, plasma was collected and stored at -80 °C for future analysis; separated leukocytes were gently removed and dispensed into siliconised tubes, containing phenol red free Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS, Sigma). Cells were then washed twice in HBSS and adjusted to 2*106 viable cells/ml.

Respiratory burst activity

Respiratory burst activity of isolated leukocytes was quantified by reduction of ferricytochrome C [15]. Briefly, 100μl of leukocyte suspension and an equal volume of cytochrome C (2mg/l in phenol red free HBSS) containing phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, Sigma) at 1μg/ml were placed in triplicate in micro titer plates. In order to test specificity, another 100μl of leukocyte suspensions and solutions of cytochrome c containing PMA and superoxide dismutase (SOD, Sigma) at 300U/ml were prepared in triplicate in micro titer plates. Samples were then mixed and incubated at room temperature for 15min. Extinctions were measured at 550nm against a cytochrome C blank in a multiscan spectrophotometer. Readings were converted to nmoles O2 by subtracting the O.D. of the PMA/SOD treated supernatant from that treated with PMA given alone for each sample, and converting O.D. to n moles O2 by multiplying by 15.87. Final results were expressed as nano moles O2 produced per 105 blood leukocytes.

Phagocytosis assay

Phagocytosis activity of blood leukocytes was determined spectrophotometrically according to Seeley et al. [16]. This assay involves the measurement of congo red-stained yeast cells which have been phagocytised by cells. To perform the assay, 250μl of the leukocyte solution was mixed with 500μl of the congo red- stained and autoclaved yeast cell suspension (providing a yeast cell: leukocyte ratio of 40:1). The mixtures were incubated at room temperature for 60min. Following incubation, 1ml ice-cold HBSS was added and1 ml of histopaque (1.077) was injected into the bottom of each sample tube. The samples were centrifuged at 2500rpm for 5min to separate leukocytes from free yeast cells. Leukocytes were harvested and washed two times in HBSS. The cells then were resuspended in 1ml trypsin-EDTA solution (5.0g/l trypsin and 2.0g/l EDTA, Sigma) and incubated at 37 °C overnight. The absorbance of the samples was measured at 510nm using trypsin-EDTA as a blank.

Serum lysozyme assay

In this study, an assay based on the lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus was used to determining the lysozyme activity. Serum lysozyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically according to the method Parry et al. [17]. Briefly, 0.02% (w/v) lyophilized Micrococcus lysodeikticus in 0.05mM solution phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) was used as substrate. 10μl of fish serum was added to 250μl of bacterial suspension and reduction in absorbance at 490nm was determined after 0.5 and 4.5min of incubations at 25 °C using a microplate reader. One unit of lysozyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme causing a decrease in absorbance of 0.001 per min.

Statistical analysis

All results for each parameter measured were expressed as means±standard errors, and were compared at each time point using Student's t-test for independent data. Significant differences between experimental groups were expressed at a significance level of p <0.05. All analyses were carried out on 15 fish per group.

Results

Hematological analysis

Dietary Origanum vulgare extract incorporated test diets had no significant (p <0.05) effect on red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), differential leukocytes count (monocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophile), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), the all the values of red blood cell indices, the mean values of cell hemoglobin (MCH pg), cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC %), and cell hemoglobin volume (MCV fl) at the end of none of the identical two weeks after feeding in compared to placebo group (Table 1).

Data are expressed as mean±SE (n=15). No significant differences were observed in the Origanum vulgare treated groups relative to the placebo group at the end of the identical every two weeks after feeding (P>0.05). Neut: neutrophil; Mon: Monocyte; Lymp: Lymphocyte.

Biochemical analysis

Origanum vulgare extract had significant (P<0.05) effect in increase of total protein (TP), albumin (AL), and globulin (GL), at the end of the identical every two weeks after feeding in compared to placebo group (Table 2). The maximum level of total protein was recorded on week 2 of exposure duration. Similarly, albumin and globulin contents were significantly higher in Aloe vera group as compared to placebo group. However, albumin/globulin ratio was not exhibited significant differences in two weeks after feeding in compared to placebo group (p>0.05; compared to placebo group at the end of the identical every Table 2).

Data are expressed as mean±SE (n=15). *: P<0.05 compared with the

Immunological analysis

Respiratory burst activity

The respiratory burst activity significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in fish fed with 1% of Origanum vulgare extract supplementation feed at the end of the identical every two weeks after feeding in compared to placebo group (Figure 1).

Phagocytic activity of blood leucocytes significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in fish treated with 1% of Origanum vulgare extract supplementation feed at the end of the identical every two weeks after feeding in compared to placebo group (Figure 2).

Lysozyme activity

Lysozyme activity significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in fish fed with 1% of Origanum vulgare extract supplementation feed at the end of the identical every two weeks after feeding in compared to placebo group (Figure 3).

Discussion

The present study projects the impact of dried Origanum vulgare extract on the hematological and immunological responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncous mykiss). The hematological parameters in the present investigation such as RBC, WBC, differential leukocytes counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, the all of the values of red blood cell indices (MCH, MCHC and MCV) were no significant differences at the end of none of the identical every two weeks after feeding when compared to control group. These observations are in agreement with the obtained results of other researchers, who reported that rainbow trout treated with dietary Aloe vera supplementation were no significant differences in RBC and Hct [18], or RBC and Hb [19] among the groups.

In the present study, the dietary Origanum vulgare extract supplementation enhanced total plasma protein, albumin and globulin values in comparison with control group. Similar results were reported in rainbow trout fed with garlic [20], ginger [21], lipopolysaccharide [22], Laurus nobilis [23], and Coggyria coggyria [24]. Serum proteins are various humoral elements of the non-specific immune system, measurable total protein, albumin and globulin levels suggest that high concentrations are likely to be a result of the enhancement of the non-specific immune response of fish. So, this study revealed that Origanum vulgare extracts incorporated diets helped to increase the humoral elements in the serum. Respiratory burst activity is considered as an important indicator of non-specific defense in fish, which is a measure of the increase of oxidation level in phagocytes stimulated by foreign agents [25]. An enhancement of respiratory burst activity has been identified in the present study, that it is in agreement many of studies with dietary immunostimulants [23,26]. Respiratory burst and phagocytosis response by phagocytes in blood present a major antibacterial defense mechanism in fish [27]. Phagocytosis is one of the most important processes in fish. The main cells involved in phagocytosis in fish are neutrophils and macrophages. These cells remove bacteria mainly by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during a respiratory burst. In addition, neutrophils possess myeloperoxidase in their cytoplasmic granules, which in the presence of halide and hydrogen peroxidase kills bacteria by halogenations of the bacterial cell wall. Moreover, these cells have lysozymes and other hydrolytic enzymes in their lysosomes [28]. Similarly, macrophages can produce nitric oxide in mammals and can be as potent as antibacterial agents, peroxynitrates and hydroxyl groups. Phagocytic activity of leucocytes in rainbow trout was enhanced by dietary dose of powdered ginger rhizome [29,30]. Also, in this study an increasing trend in lysozyme activity has been shown which is in agreement with several reports indicating the role of herbal immunostimulants in enhancing lysozyme activity [31-33]. Lysozyme is a humoral component of the non-specific defense mechanism which has the ability to prevent the growth of bacteria by splitting p-1,4 glycosidic bonds in the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls, resulting in bacteriolysis. In conclusion, supplementation of OE in aquaculture diets would be use to enhance non-specific immune system in fish. Therefore, further studies are necessary for effective use of Origanum vulgare extract with optimal dose, suitable duration, and method of administration.

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[optofluidic]

What is an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)?

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (commonly called ELISA) is the immunological examination done to measure the antibodies, antigens, proteins and, glycoproteins in biological samples. Elisa test is mainly utilized in healthcare, research, and food safety environments for measuring the target chemical components such as hormones, antibodies, and protein biomarkers. This particular test depends on the immunoglobulin (antibodies) to detect the target antigen with the help of highly specific antibody-antigen interactions. It is one of the easiest tests because it is rapid and quick. Moreover, samples routinely used in ELISAs include serum, plasma, saliva, cell culture super nates, urine and tissue lysates.

ELISA assay is performed with the help of 96 well plates, which allows measuring multiple samples in one test. These plates are the special absorbent plates coated with a capture antibody specific for the analysis of interest. Upon incubation, the target analyte is captured by this antibody. Next, a conjugated detection antibody is used to bind to a different epitope on the target analyte to complete the sandwich. A substrate solution is subsequently added to determine the presence and amount of analyte. Elisa test is used for diagnosing HIV infection, pregnancy, zika virus, pernicious anemia, syphilis, rotavirus, coronavirus etc.

The ELISA assay test has been used as a diagnostic tool in the medicinal field, plant pathology, biotechnology, and quality control check in various industries.

Advantages of ELISA test

This test is often preferred because of its high sensitivity and specificity. ELISA gives more accurate results and diagnosis as compared to any other techniques.

It is usually done in 96 well microplate formats. The main advantage of the ELISA test is that 96 determinations can be performed in a single run. You can get results in less than 3 hours. So, it is both quick and efficient for performing immediate analysis without any complex sample pre-treatment.

This test does not require radioisotopes or any other costly radiation counters. ELISA test requires accurate micropipettes, an incubator, a washing system, and a microplate spectrophotometer reader.

With fully automated ELISA processing systems, various examinations can be done. The fully automated robotic machines for the ELISA test can perform the entire test from start to end. The process can be done up to 15 assays per day shift.

ELISA test is considered a flexible tool for all medical professionals and laboratories worldwide because it tests antigens and antibodies.

This particular test is eco-friendly and safe because there is no use of any radioactive substance.

What are the different types of ELISA antibody tests?

ELISA assay can be done with various modifications based on the basic procedure – direct, indirect, sandwich ELISA test.

Direct ELISA – It is the simplest form of ELISA test, which requires antigens to be absorbed on the multi-well plate and then bound by a labeled “detection” antibody. The antigen-coated on the plate is detected by the antibody which are directly associated to an enzyme. As only one antibody is used in a direct ELISA, they are less precise.

Indirect ELISA – The indirect ELISA test technique uses a two-step detection process. This test involves two binding processes for primary antibody and labeled secondary antibody. Firstly, an unlabeled primary antibody binds to the specific antigen. Then, an enzyme is joined to the secondary antibody directed against the primary antibody’s host species. This method is highly sensitive because more than one labeled antibody binds to the primary antibody. Indirect ELISA is a more economical procedure than the direct ELISA test. But this test poses a potential risk for cross-reactivity caused by secondary antibody.

Sandwich ELISA – Sandwich ELISA or sandwich immunoassay is among the most commonly used testing formats and is done to measure the antigen between 2 layers of antibodies (capture and detection antibody). This test requires combining antibodies to two different epitopes on the target protein for higher specificity. Antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the multi-well plate and incubated first with the target protein and then with a specific antibody is added, which is labeled with an enzyme. Thus, facilitating the detection of the antigens. Sandwich ELISA assay is highly sensitive than the direct and indirect ELISA tests. It delivers highly specific results because it uses two antibodies for detecting the antigens.

The best ELISA test kit by Optofluidic Bioassay –

MicroFluere Human Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

Optofluidic Bioassay is proud to offer the best ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of natural and recombinant human Interleukin 6 (IL-6). The ELISA test kit by Optofluidic Bioassay guarantees to give précised, consistent and reliable results. We even generate optimized paired antibodies for the customized sandwich ELISA test. The ELISA kit contains sufficient materials to run 5 MicroFluere pre-coated 96-well plates.

Optofluidic Bioassay MicroFluere Human Interleukin 6 (IL-6) kit comes with a 5-plate MicroFluere pack plus 100 absorbent pads. The MicroFluere plates give 5 to 10 times faster test results, uses five times smaller reagent volume and have a ten times higher dynamic range. Not only this, MicroFluere Plates by Optofluidic Bioassay requires a smaller amount of sample volume for testing. The process for the ELISA test with the help of our MicroFluere kit is faster and requires only ten steps compared to the traditional method, which is a process of a total of 21 steps. You can now use the MicroFluere plates by Optofluidic Bioassay for testing the COVID patients. For more details, contact us.

[technicallyyoungkitten]

Assistive Reproductive Technology Market- Size, Share, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2020- 2027

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) are the medical procedures used for infertility treatment, in which eggs are surgically removed from the ovaries and are combined with the sperms in a laboratory. These eggs are then mixed with sperms to form embryos. ART procedure sometimes uses donor eggs, donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. It may involve a surrogate or gestational carrier.

Request a sample copy of this report:- https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/3041

Rising prevalence of infertility has led to an increase in demand for fertility treatments such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Artificial Insemination-Intrauterine Insemination (AI-IUI) and others. In the U.S. prevalence of infertility is rising rapidly. For instance, according to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, in 2016, around 10 in 100 (6.1 million) women faced difficulty in getting pregnant.

In past few years there has been significant preference for assistive reproductive technology owing to rising prevalence and incidence of infertility in men and women..Such rising prevalence and incidence of infertility had led to an increase in number of assistive reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the U.S. According to the National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, there are total 499 ART clinics in U.S, among which, 464 clinics had reported the ART related data, and in 2015 total 231,936 ART cycles are performed in U.S.

Market players are focused on expanding their portfolio of reproductive and fertility treatment products. For instance, Cooper Surgical Inc., a provider of fertility & genomic solutions, has an extensive portfolio ART management systems, IVF workstations, pipettes and needles for sperm or eggs transfer, catheters for embryos transfer, culture media and test kits. Moreover, Hamilton Thorne, In., also provides products such as sperm analyzers and a broad range of ART micropipettes.

FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific, Inc. provides water for assisted reproductive technology use, and also provides various products required for ART procedures. Moreover, Gonagen Medikal also offers various assistive reproductive technology such as IVF, ICSI and others, for infertility treatment.Companies are also adopting strategies to increase their share in the global assistive reproductive technology market and improve their product portfolio. For instance, in June 2018, Vitrolife AB and GE Healthcare partnered to improve their assisted reproductive technology offerings in the market.

Manufactures are taking several initiatives for creating awareness and providing training regarding ART technology. For instance, in June 2019 Cooper Surgical Inc. Conducted a workshop in India, to provide complete insight about the pre-requisites and techniques associated with ART, this workshop included lectures, demonstration, and hands-on work training of ART technologies. Moreover, in March 2019 Cooper Surgical Inc., conducted a workshop in Denmark on sperm selection techniques for ICSI procedures.

Global assistive reproductive technology market size was valued at US$ 23,669.2 Mn in 2018, and is expected to witness a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period (2019–2027).North America is expected to hold dominant position in global assistive reproductive technology market, due to increasing awareness about fertility treatments, and rising number of hospitals, and ART procedures. For instance, in U.S. Furthermore, Europe is expected to witness considerable growth in the global assistive reproductive technology market due to increasing number of ART cycles. For instance, in 2014 according to the European society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), around 800,000 treatment cycles were performed from 39 countries in Europe.

.Key players operating in the global assistive reproductive technology market include Cooper Surgical Inc., Hamilton Thorne, Inc., FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific, Inc., Merck KGaA, Nidacon International AB, Vitrolife AB, EMD Serono, Inc., INVO Bioscience, IVFtech ApS, Gonagen Medikal, Cook Medical LLC., and CellCura ASA.

Get the main link:-  https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/assistive-reproductive-technology-market-3041

Contact Us:      

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[sriramnanda-blog]

ASSISTIVE REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY MARKET ANALYSIS

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) are the medical procedures used for infertility treatment, in which eggs are surgically removed from the ovaries and are combined with the sperms in a laboratory. These eggs are then mixed with sperms to form embryos. ART procedure sometimes uses donor eggs, donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. It may involve a surrogate or gestational carrier.

Rising prevalence and incidence of infertility is expected to drive global assistive reproductive technology market growth in the forecast period

Rising prevalence of infertility has led to an increase in demand for fertility treatments such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Artificial Insemination-Intrauterine Insemination (AI-IUI) and others. In the U.S. prevalence of infertility is rising rapidly. For instance, according to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, in 2016, around 10 in 100 (6.1 million) women faced difficulty in getting pregnant.

In past few years there has been significant preference for assistive reproductive technology owing to rising prevalence and incidence of infertility in men and women. For instance, according to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC Pinnacle), around seven million men and women opted for assisted fertility treatments such as IVF in 2015. Moreover, according to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, in 2013, around 175,000 cycles of IVF were conducted, which was a 6% increase compared to 2012.

Such rising prevalence and incidence of infertility had led to an increase in number of assistive reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the U.S. According to the National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, there are total 499 ART clinics in U.S, among which, 464 clinics had reported the ART related data, and in 2015 total 231,936 ART cycles are performed in U.S.

Increasing demand of assistive reproductive technology, has increased the participation of manufacturers in the development of assistive reproductive technology products

Market players are focused on expanding their portfolio of reproductive and fertility treatment products. For instance, Cooper Surgical Inc., a provider of fertility & genomic solutions, has an extensive portfolio ART management systems, IVF workstations, pipettes and needles for sperm or eggs transfer, catheters for embryos transfer, culture media and test kits. Moreover, Hamilton Thorne, In., also provides products such as sperm analyzers and a broad range of ART micropipettes.

FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific, Inc. provides water for assisted reproductive technology use, and also provides various products required for ART procedures. Moreover, Gonagen Medikal also offers various assistive reproductive technology such as IVF, ICSI and others, for infertility treatment.

Companies are also adopting strategies to increase their share in the global assistive reproductive technology market and improve their product portfolio. For instance, in June 2018, Vitrolife AB and GE Healthcare partnered to improve their assisted reproductive technology offerings in the market.

Manufacturers are also engaged in creating awareness regarding In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ISCI) which are expected to propel the global assistive reproductive technology market growth

Manufactures are taking several initiatives for creating awareness and providing training regarding ART technology. For instance, in June 2019 Cooper Surgical Inc. Conducted a workshop in India, to provide complete insight about the pre-requisites and techniques associated with ART, this workshop included lectures, demonstration, and hands-on work training of ART technologies. Moreover, in March 2019 Cooper Surgical Inc., conducted a workshop in Denmark on sperm selection techniques for ICSI procedures.

Global assistive reproductive technology market size was valued at US$ 23,669.2 Mn in 2018, and is expected to witness a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period (2019–2027).

Figure 1. Global Assistive Reproductive Technology Market Share (%), By End User, 2019-2027

Source: Coherent Market Insights Analysis (2019)

North America is expected to hold dominant position in global assistive reproductive technology market, due to increasing awareness about fertility treatments, and rising number of hospitals, and ART procedures. For instance, in U.S. 2015 according to National Center For Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, approximately 38.1% of  ART procedures were carried out for age group <35 yrs., and 21.0 % procedures are performed for people in the age group of 35 to 37 years. Such increasing demand for ART procedures is expected to drive the global assistive reproductive technology market growth.

Furthermore, Europe is expected to witness considerable growth in the global assistive reproductive technology market due to increasing number of ART cycles. For instance, in 2014 according to the European society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), around 800,000 treatment cycles were performed from 39 countries in Europe.

Figure 2. Global Assistive Reproductive Technology Market Share (%) Analysis, By Region, 2019 and 2027

Source: Coherent Market Insights Analysis (2019)

Market Restraints

Factors restraining the global assistive reproductive technology market growth are availability of alternative treatment such as hormone therapy including hormone injections and tablets such as Choragon, Gonapeptyl, Lutinus, Propess and others.

Key Players

Key players operating in the global assistive reproductive technology market include Cooper Surgical Inc., Hamilton Thorne, Inc., FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific, Inc., Merck KGaA, Nidacon International AB, Vitrolife AB, EMD Serono, Inc., INVO Bioscience, IVFtech ApS, Gonagen Medikal, Cook Medical LLC., and CellCura ASA.

About Us- Coherent Market Insights is a global market intelligence and consulting organization focused on assisting our plethora of clients achieve transformational growth by helping them make critical business decisions. What we provide: Customized Market Research Services Industry Analysis Services Business Consulting Services Market Intelligence Services Long term Engagement Model Country Specific Analysis Mr. Shah

Coherent Market Insights Pvt.Ltd. Address: 1001 4th Ave, #3200 Seattle, WA 98154, U.S. Phone: +1–206–701–6702 Email: sales@coherentmarketinsights.com

[solarpunk-gnome]

How’d​ ​you​ ​get​ ​started​ ​making?

In my first year of Science Olympiad, a national high school science competition, I remember becoming obsessed with the Electric Vehicle event where students would have to design and construct a device that would travel a certain distance. While I initially went for primitive braking mechanisms with threaded rods and wingnuts, my friend, Travis Chan, went for a more complex approach that used 3D-printed frames and an Arduino Nano. Seeing his vehicle made me realize how much more could be accomplished with microcontrollers and computer-aided design. That inspired me to enter the world of making and hacking.

What​ ​type​ ​of​ ​maker​ ​would​ ​you​ ​classify​ ​yourself​ ​as?

I’m a biohacker! When my left hand is not holding a soldering iron, it’s usually grasping a micropipette. I love combining multiple disciplines, specifically electrical engineering and medical science, within my projects. One of the goals that I plan on pursuing throughout and after college is creating an affordable biotechnology lab kit (equipped with a micropipette, centrifuge, thermocycler, etc.) for under $1,000.

What’s​ ​your​ ​favorite​ ​thing​ ​you’ve​ ​made?

My favorite creation is Polyfuge, a DIY open-source microcentrifuge for everyone. It started out as a small project for my iSTEM class but eventually developed into a 400% funded campaign on Kickstarter. Centrifuges are fundamental devices used in biological research. They separate substances of different densities through spinning liquid mixtures at extremely high RPMs. After becoming quite acquainted with microcentrifuges during my research at the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute at Rutgers University (literally HUNDREDS of hours of RNA isolation), I decided to create Polyfuge to make biological research equipment more accessible and maker-friendly. The software is entirely Arduino-based, and the frame is completely 3D-printable/laser cuttable. I plan on releasing all of the CAD and software documents open-source on the DoubleGene website before the end of 2018!

What’s​ ​something​ ​you’d​ ​like​ ​to​ ​make​ ​next?

Though I’ve always wanted to tackle polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) machines, it seems that companies like Chai Biotechnologies have already created affordable solutions through OpenPCR and Open qPCR. This does not mean that I don’t plan on building my own versions of these machines (they are still both on my bucket list), but it does make me want to prioritize other biological research instruments like the micropipette. The micropipette is a handheld device that is used to transfer extremely small liquid volumes, and it will likely be my next long-term project.

Any​ ​advice​ ​for​ ​people​ ​reading​ ​this?

Dream first, then worry about implementation. I’ve noticed that a lot of people limit the scope of their projects because they are not familiar with how to use a certain electrical or mechanical component. “I would love to implement IR sensor capabilities within my project but I haven’t used a TCRT5000 sensor before…”

More Maker Spotlights

Maker Spotlight: Tangtang "CTT" Cai

Maker Spotlight: Chunlin Guan (Dolphin Guan)

JUST TRY IT! Treat every project as a learning experience. Don’t restrict your project based on the knowledge you currently hold, but instead use it as an opportunity to expand your familiarity with different hardware or software components.

Making is a lot like food. You might feel comfortable using the ingredients readily available in your pantry, but over time that gets boring. Although that new ingredient from the supermarket may seem intimidating at first, your culinary creations become much more delicious when you learn to use it right.

We highlight different makers from our broad community to show you the faces and stories behind the projects. Meet all the amazing people featured in Maker Spotlight. Want to nominate someone, maybe even yourself? Send a note with your responses to the bolded prompts above to makerspotlight@makermedia.com.

[juniperpublishers-crdoj]

Advances in Neutrophil Testing In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Authored by Bernhard Otto Boehm

Abstract

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from impaired glucose metabolism which results in low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system. Neutrophils the key effector cells of the innate immune system and heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM, are promising cell-based inflammatory biomarkers for immune health profiling, provided that they can be rapidly purified and measured with sufficient precision. In this review, we highlight recent advances in neutrophil isolation and functional assay using microfluidics technologies and the potential of their functional phenotype as a novel biomarker of vascular risk in diabetes.

Keywords:  Neutrophils; Diabetes; Point-of-care; Microfluidics; Immunology

Introduction

With the increasing aging population worldwide, metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the main public health challenges with rising premature morbidity and associated mortality, as well as escalating healthcare costs [1]. DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting in increased oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction [2,3]. Patients with CVDs or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit low- grade inflammation, and are assessed based on established cardiovascular risk factors (glycemic control, blood pressure and lipids). Immune health is evaluated by differential leukocyte count and circulating biomarkers (cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), which are suboptimal for monitoring stage- dependent pathogenesis, advocating the need to develop new cell-based biomarkers that can quantity specific immune functions in addition to leukocyte enumeration.

Neutrophils, the key effector cells of the innate immune system, play a pivotal role in T2DM and CVDs pathogenesis [4]. Various neutrophil dysfunctions have been reported in T2DM patients including cell stiffening [5,6] impaired chemotaxis [7,8] and phagocytosis which lead to increased susceptibility to bacterial infections [9]. Despite the adverse changes of leukocytes in diabetes, there are currently no specific measurements to assess patient's leukocyte phenotypes or inflammatory status. As distinct neutrophil subsets exhibit functional and phenotypic differences [10] a better understanding of their phenotype and pathophysiological relevance requires novel neutrophil separation tools (independent of surface markers) to improve their predictive capabilities as novel biomarkers [11]. Microfluidics, also known as "lab-on-a-chip" technologies, is a powerful toolbox for rapid sample preparation and detection with its low consumption of sample and reagents, device miniaturization, and single-cell analysis [12]. In this short review, we will highlight recent advances in microfluidics- based neutrophil testing technologies, and the potential of neutrophilfunctional phenotype as biomarkers for diabetes testing.

Discussion

Neutrophil isolation

Neutrophil polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) are the most abundant leukocytes (~50-70%) in humans, with ~2-5x106 neutrophils per mL of whole blood (~109 RBCs). They are short-lived (~5-24hr), prone to activation [13] and should be processed quickly within 2-4 hours of collection. Conventional neutrophil isolation methods include density gradient centrifugation and RBCs lysis, which are laborious (~1- 3hr) and require large blood volume (~10mL). Commercial kits based on magnetic bead-based affinity binding (MACS xpress® Neutrophil Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec) and Easy SepTM neutrophil enrichment kit (STEMCELL Technologies) provide high neutrophil yield and purity by negative selection, but is expensive for large volume processing.

Microfluidics technologies for neutrophil isolation have been developed based on affinity binding to functionalized surfaces using common neutrophil markers (CD66b, P-selectin) [14,15]. However, these methods require on-chip cell analysis as it is non-trivial to elute the purified neutrophils off-chip for downstream assays. Our group has previously developed an efficient size-based cell sorting technique known as Dean Flow Fractionation (DFF) based oninertial focusing phenomenon in micro channels [16]. In DFF systems, fluid flowing through a curvilinear (spiral) channel experiences centrifugal acceleration directed radially outward, leading to the formation of two counter-rotating vortices known as Dean vortices [17]. Besides inertial lift forces (FL) particles experience lateral Dean drag force (FD) due to these transverse Dean flows, which results in superior separation resolution as both forces (FL and FD) scale non-linearly with particle size [18-20].

We first applied DFF technology to isolate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) [21] and microorganisms from whole blood whereby the size ranges of the target cells are distinctly different from RBCs. By exploiting the subtle size differences between major leukocyte subtypes (neutrophils/monocytes~10-12μm lymphocytes~7-9μm), we recently developed a novel DFF spiral micro device to purify neutrophils rapidly from whole blood for functional phenotyping in T2DM [22]. The developed technology enables single-step neutrophil isolation (>90% purity) without immune-labeling, saving both time and cost. In addition, the sorted "untouched" neutrophils are continuously eluted off-chip with simultaneous buffer exchange, facilitating user operation and eliminating the need for centrifugation. Moreover, as the method only requires small blood volumes (finger prick ~50- 100μL) it can be easily integrated with other cellular assays or detection modules for point-of-care (POC) testing (Figure 1).

Neutrophil rolling

During endothelial inflammation, leukocyte adhesion cascade is a multi-step process involving cell rolling, adhesion and transmigration through blood vessel walls to the site of injury [23]. Neutrophil rolling is widely considered a critical step as it can affect cell adhesion with impaired cell tethering or increased rolling speeds [24,25]. Several microfluidics- based cell rolling assays have been reported previously to study rolling behavior under physiological flow conditions (~1-10dynecm-2), but not in disease-specific context [26-28]. In our study, we combined DFF neutrophil sorting method and microfluidics assay to measure neutrophil rolling speed on E-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule expressed by activated endothelium to initiate leukocyte recruitment. This neutrophilendothelial interaction is mediated by several sialyl Lewisx presenting ligands expressed on leukocytes including P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL1), glycosylated CD44 and E-selectin ligand 1 (ESL1) [29].

In our clinical validation, we observed a significant down regulation of neutrophil PSGL-1 expression in T2DM patients. Using automated cell tracking algorithm, we further showed that rolling trajectories ofT2DM neutrophils were more discontinuous and irregular as compared to healthy neutrophils. Interestingly, diabetic neutrophils had ~20% higher rolling speeds, which correlated with neutrophil activation, PSGL-1 expression, as well as established cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, CRP and HbA1c). Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that neutrophil-endothelial interactions are impaired in T2DM patients which can lead to defective neutrophil recruitment, and thus increased patient susceptibility to infection.

Neutrophil chemotaxis

Chemotaxis, a dynamic process where cells sense and move in response to chemical gradients, is traditionally studied using Boyden chamber (transwell), Dunn chamber and micropipette assay [30]. However, these methods suffer from poor reproducibility and ill-defined chemical gradients, which could be overcome by using microfluidics technologies to generate stable and linear chemo attractant gradient in small length scale (~μm) [15]. Moreover, most microfluidic chemotaxis assays only require ~102-3 neutrophils, and facilitate real-time imaging of cell movement at single cell resolution [31]. First performed clinical testing of patients with burn injury using microfluidics, and observed that neutrophils suffered from impaired directionality or slower migration speed, which were associated with degree of burn injury.

Similarly neutrophils from asthmatic patients also displayed significantly slower migration speed as compared to healthy subjects, suggesting its use as a novel diagnostics marker [32]. As impaired neutrophil chemotaxis behavior was reported previously in diabetic patients our group has developed an integrated micro device for neutrophil chemotaxis assay using a drop of blood. The novelty lies in the single-step enrichment of neutrophils using biomimetic cell margination [33] and affinity capture, followed by simultaneous exposure to chemotactic gradient without requiring additional user manipulation [34]. In our preliminary clinical data we also observed signification suppression of chemotaxis behavior in T2DM patient, which can be mitigated by short exposure to metformin in vitro. Besides diagnostics applications, microfluidics chemotaxis assays also enable study of complex chemoattractant gradients with high precision [35], well-controlled spatial and temporal gradients to probe cell migration pattern [36,37], as well as effect of inflammatory mediators in neutrophil-monocyte interactions [38].

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)

First discovered in 2004, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is an innate key defense mechanism against bacterial infections through the release of nuclear and granular contents to contain and kill pathogens [39]. Upon activation or exposure to bacteria, histones undergo citrullination, followed by chromatin decondensation. Nuclear membrane will degrade, leading to DNA release into the cell, and subsequently extrusion out of neutrophils. Secreted NETs (process known as NETosis) then form a sticky scaffold consisting mainly of microbicidal proteases/elastase and cytotoxic molecules (histones). Interestingly, recent work have shown that diabetic neutrophils were more susceptible to NETosis [40], which can mediate delayed wound healing [41].

NETs components (elastase, histones, neutrophil gelatinase- associated lipocalin, and proteinase-3) are also elevated in the blood of patients with diabetic foot ulcers, and were associated with infection or worsening of ulcer [42]. Overall these clinical evidences suggest a major role of NETosis in diabetes pathophysiology and endothelial damage making it a novel biomarker for early detection of diabetes-related vascular or end-organ complications. Compared to chemotaxis development of microfluidics NET osis assay is still at its early infancy with a recent reported assay based on fluorescent imaging of nucleus degradation [43]. Nevertheless given the increasing importance of NETosis and easy quantification using imaging, we expect more development of novel tools to measure NETosis phenotype in POC settings.

Conclusion

Multidimensional neutrophil phenotypic markers will significantly improvetheir predictive capabilitiesasinflammatory biomarkers provided that they can be rapidly purified and measured with sufficient precision. Microfluidics technologies are not only useful for efficient neutrophil purification but they can also be readily developed and integrated into POC testing plat forms to look at the sum effects of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This enables proper identification of high risk patients with appropriate follow up, reduces the risks in different aspects of the endothelial activation pathway and in time, the effects of therapeutics can also be studied in diabetes and other dysmetabolic diseases.

To Know More About Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal  Please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/crdoj/index.php

To Know More About Open Access Journals Please click  on: https://juniperpublishers.com/index.php

[microlitusa]

Pipette Starter Kit | Micropipette Set | Microlit USA

Microlit offers the great pipette kit for pipetting needs in the lab with commonly used single channel pipette, compatible tip boxes and a beautiful carousel stand. All micropipettes are fully autoclavable that ensures the lab safety from hazardous solutions and comes with calibration certificate conforms to ISO 8655 standard. For more details, visit https://www.microlit.us/product-category/pipette-sets-kits/

[diabetesadviceblog]

via Diabetes Advice http://diabetes-advice.eshcarmel.org

[jaincolab-blog]

Single Channel Micro pipette

Fully Autoclavable.

Placement and good design allows easy single handed tip ejection.

The holder provided with the pipette allows easy, efficient and safe storage.

Attractive colour coding for easy identification between different volume ranges.

Fixed volume pipettes are designed for many different types of routine laboratory work.

Specially designed large grippy is provided for comfortable grip and ease during working.

 www.jaincolab.com/single-channel-micropipette

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[khamgiodau]

ĐỊNH LƯỢNG ADH (ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE)

I.NGUYÊN LÝ - Định lư ợng ADH trong huyết tương và huyết thanh bằng phương phá p miễn dịch enzyme (ELISA) - Khi thực hiện kit, các giếng đư ợc tráng trư ớc với một kháng thể đặc biệt tiết ra từ hormone DH. Sau đó ch ất chuẩn hay mẫu bệnh phẩm đư ợc đưa vào cùng v ới Biotin-conjugated và HRP cho mỗi giếng rồi ủ. Tiếp đó ch ất thử TMB thêm vào. Chỉ những giếng có chứa ADH, biotin-conjugated kháng thể và enzyme- conjugated Avidin sẽ làm đ ổi màu. Nồng đ ộ của DH đư ợc xác đ ịnh trên đ ồ thị vẽ từ nồng đ ộ mẫu đo OD v ới nồng đ ộ chuẩn. - Nồng đ ộ chuẩn: 80 pg/ml, 40 pg/ml, 20 pg/ml, 10 pg/ml, 5pg/ml, 2.5 pg/ml, 1.25 pg/ml. II. CHUẨN BỊ 1. Người thực hiện Người thực hiện xét nghiệm có trình đ ộ phù hợp 2. Phương tiện, hóa chất 2.1 Vật liệu tự chuẩn bị - Micropipettes (10-100 mL/100-1000 mL) - Giếng 96 lỗ - Máy Elisa - Máy đo quang - Máy ủ 2.2 Hóa chất và thuốc thử trong bộ Kit của nhà cung cấp - Wash Buffer (nồng đ ộ 25X) - Chất chuẩn - Mẫu pha loãng - Biotin-antibody pha loãng - HRP-avidin pha loãng - Biotin-antibody - HRP-avidin - Stop Solution - Thuốc thử TMB Điều kiện bảo quản : 2-8 o C 3. Người bệnh Người bệnh c ần được tư vấn về mục đích làm xé t nghiệm. 25 - Để góp phần chẩn đoán một số tình trạng bệnh lý có thể gây bài xuất bất thường DH (Ví dụ: hội chứng tiết DH không thích hợp [SI DH]). - Để góp phần chẩn đoán một số tình trạng bệnh lý gây mất bài xuất DH hay gây mất đáp ứng thận đối với tác dụng của DH (Ví dụ: đái nhạt nguồn gốc trung ương và đái nhạt nguồn gốc thận). - Để chẩn đoán và chẩn đoán phân biệt giữa đái tháo nhạt với tình trạng đái nhiều do căn nguyên thần kinh (psychogenic polyuria). - Để chẩn đoán phân biệt các trường hợp giảm natri máu . 4. Phiếu xét nghiệm Phiếu xét nghiệm cần ghi đầy đủ thông tin về tên, tuổi, giới tính, khoa phòng, chẩn đoán của người bệnh và ghi rõ chỉ định xét nghiệm. III. CÁC BƯƠC TIẾN HÀNH 1. Lấy bệnh phẩm Xét nghiệm đư ợc tiến hành trên huyết tương - Yêu cầu người bệnh nhịn ăn 10-12 giờ trước khi lấy máu xét nghiệm. Người bệnh được yêu cầu tránh các hoạt đ ộng thể lực và bị stress trong thời gian xét nghiệm. Lấy máu khi người bệnh ở tư th ế ngồi. - Mẫu bệnh phẩm sau khi lấy cần đư ợc bảo quản trong túi đá l ạnh và đư ợc chuyển ngay tới phòng xét nghiệm (không đư ợc đ ể trong đi ều kiện nhiệt đ ộ phòng). 2. Tiến hành kỹ thuật ADH ELISA - Thêm 100 ml chất chuẩn, Blank, mẫu bệnh phẩm vào mỗi giếng. Đ ậy nắp và ủ trong 2 giờ ở 37 0 C - Hút bỏ chất lỏng trên bề mặt giếng. Chú ý: không rửa - Thêm 100 ml Biotin-antibody, ủ 1 giờ ở 37 0 C - Hút hết cơ ch ất rồi rửa với 200 ml Wash Buffer - Lặp lại quy trình 3 lần - Thêm 100 ml HRP-avidin vào mỗi giếng, ủ 1 giờ ở 37 0 C - Rửa 5 lần với 200 ml Wash Buffer - Thêm 90 ml thuốc thử TMB vào mỗi giếng, ủ 10-30phút ở 37 0 C - Thêm 50 ml dung dịch Stop Solution đ ể ngừng phản ứng khi 4 giếng đ ầu tiên chứa nồng đ ộ chất chuẩn cao nhất đ ổi sang màu xanh. Nếu sự đổi màu không xuất hiện đ ồng bộ, phải chắc là các các trong mỗi giếng đư ợc trộn đ ều. - Đọc đ ộ hấp thụ tại bư ớc sóng 450nm trong 10 phút. IV. NHẬN ĐỊNH KẾT QUẢ Sử dụng đư ờng cong chuẩn đ ể tính toán nồng đ ộ ADH trong mẫu: - Tạo một đư ờng cong chuẩn bằng cách xử lý phân tích dữ liệu dùng phần mềm máy tính thích hợp thống kê 4 tham số. 26 - Trục y: nồng đ ộ mẫu bệnh phẩm, trục x: nồng đ ộ chất chuẩn. - Trung bình kết quả lặp lại của mỗi lần đo ch ất chuẩn, control, sample và trừ cho trung bình mật đ ộ quang của standard zero. Kết luận: kết quả được biện luận đ ể đưa ra k ết luận dựa trên các trị số tham chiếu. V. NHỮNG SAI SÓT VÀ XỬ TRÍ - Nếu giá trị nồng đ ộ mẫu bệnh phẩm cao hơn n ồng đ ộ chất chuẩn ở mức cao nhất. Pha loãng mẫu với .Bài viếtĐỊNH LƯỢNG ADH (ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE) xuất hiện lần đầu tại website http://khamgiodau.com

[markengine-blog]

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Single-cell analysis consists of studying the structure of various types of cells relevant to human life at a cellular level. The detailed analysis provided by this type of analysis is helpful in various sectors and has been aided by the continuous technological updation in research implements. The booming healthcare and pharmaceutical industries have been at the forefront of driving the global single-cell analysis market and are likely to remain the most influential consumers in the coming years.

The single-cell analysis market studied in this report includes instruments and consumables that aid in the process of single-cell research. The market for single-cell analysis has been growing enormously owing to the increasing research on single-gene disorders, in-vitro fertilization processes which employ single-cell analysis to study the human embryo prior to implantation, cancer research, stem cell research, and neurological research, among others.

The global single-cell analysis market was valued at over US$2 bn in 2017 and is expected to rise to US$6.4 bn by 2025 at a robust 15.4% CAGR.

Consumables Likely to Dominate Single-Cell Analysis Market due to Need for Repeat Orders

The single-cell analysis market has been segmented based on product and end user. Based on product type, the market has been segmented into instruments and consumables. Single-cell analysis instruments include cell counters, spectrophotometers, cytometers, sequencers, imaging systems, PCR, and others. The consumables segment of the single-cell analysis includes reagents and kits, micropipettes and micro plates, and others. Consumables were the dominant segment in the global single-cell analysis market in 2016 and are anticipated to remain dominant throughout the forecast period owing to the increasing research in the field of single-cell analysis, which increases the need for repeat orders for reagents and kits, which contribute to high revenue generation.

Among single-cell analysis instruments, sequencers are anticipated to grow at a significant high CAGR in the forecast period owing to the increasing demand for the NGS technique for analysis of single cells due to the accuracy and effectiveness of the process. This is anticipated to be followed by PCR systems, their growth being driven by the widespread application of real-time digital PCR systems in single-cell analysis and their ability to interpret the results with no errors.

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Asia Pacific Market’s Rapid Growth Unlikely to Unsettle North America’s Dominance

Geographically, the single-cell analysis market is segmented into five regions, namely North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. North America dominated the market in 2016 owing to factors such increasing research funding, the presence of well-developed infrastructure, growing awareness among people, and increasing prevalence of cancer and infectious diseases, among others. The North America market for single-cell analysis was valued at US$715.7 mn in 2017 and is expected to rise to more than US$2.1 bn by 2025 at a steady 15% CAGR.

North America was closely followed by Europe in global singe-cell analysis market figures. Asia Pacific is also anticipated to grow at a high CAGR during the forecast period owing to the rising preference for distribution agreements between multinational and regional players; significant growth in the field of genomics, increasing prevalence of cancer and infectious diseases, dropping prices of treatment, low technology costs, and increase in medical tourism. The single-cell analysis market is expected to exhibit a higher CAGR in both Europe and Asia Pacific, with the former expected to rise at a 16.4% CAGR through the 2017-2025 forecast period, and the latter expected to reach a valuation of US$1.5 bn by 2025 at a robust 17.7% CAGR.

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[microlitusa]

Pipette For Test Kits | Lilpet Pro | Microlit USA

Microlit offers the fixed volume miniature pipette with tip ejector especially designed for test kits. It has optimum size for user comfort during pipetting, fully autoclavable at 121 °C temperature and unique tipcone to accept both regular and ultra micro tips. It works with two plunger operation to ensure highest accuracy. For details, visit the website https://www.microlit.us/product-category/miniature-micropipettes/