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waddlewaddlewaddlewaddle · 2 years ago

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Over my head (Miguel ‘o’ Hara x Reader)

Chapter 6

Credits:chos_1129 on Instagram for the headline art.

Pairing: Miguel x reader

Summary: y/n is a kind hearted nurse who’s life gets turned upside down as she get fired from one the most prestigious hospitals in NYC , desperate , she start filing job applications wherever. Coincidentally a stressed Miguel is looking for a nurse due to a big amount of spider people getting injured due to the surprisingly large amount of anomalies happening in the spider verse. What could go wrong is these two meet?

Themes: ✎slow burn ( I think), child care (fluff) and a little bit of angst

Mutual pining

✎office romance (¿)

Hidden romance

✎Smut available as story progresses.

Dom Miguel x sub/bratty reader

✎Stubborn, Ill tempered Miguel.

✎ Angelic reader .

It girl reader.

✎I try to be as accurate as possible.

English is not my first language so bare with me.

✎badass stoic x sweet empath.

Og spanish speaker so be prepared for steamy dialogue :3

Pairing: Miguel x reader

For previous or future chapters check out masterlist.

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After devouring last night's overtime fee, you started to prepare some supplies so you could keep them at hand after that you started to check out the new microhematocrit centrifuge you purchased with the company’s card so you could run some anemia tests, you suspected many spider people suffered this condition due to poor nutrition and lack of sleep.

You pulled up some blood tests you had in the fridge and look at the machine in front of you.

After some seconds of thought, you concluded that you didn’t know how to operate this machine, and you didn’t remember your lab testing classes since your specialty didn’t require it much. To your bad luck, your bots that usually took care of this job were busy digitalizing some handwritten patient charts.

You were too occupied trying to figure out how the machine worked that you failed to notice a large figure creeping into the room, you only noticed its presence when you felt its aura tower behind you.

-“Need a hand?”-Questioned a well-known husky voice while he looked down at you.

As you turned around your nose almost met with Miguel’s chest, due to this you quickly inhaled his scent; your nose picked up the same odor from his car mixed with a mint soap. You took a step back to create some personal space but that made your back bump against the lab table, soon your gaze captured Miguel dressed in a black t-shirt that hung tight on his biceps paired with cargo pants the same color. This amazing view made you a little flustered, how were you supposed to act cool when such a handsome man was seducing each one of your senses?

You quickly regained your stance and smirked at him and replied to him in a mocking tone.

-“What do you know about this?”

“-A lot, actually.”- He replied while opening up a hidden lid in the centrifuge before organizing the four blood samples diagonal to each other, as he finished doing this he put the lid back on so he could then move the knobs skillfully which lead to the machine started to work like magic to your eyes.-“what would your patients say if they knew their dear nurse doesn’t know how to operate a simple centrifuge. To save you the embarrassment I’ll keep quiet, it’ll be our little secret.”

You looked back at Miguel who was grinning like that was the best comeback of the century, unbeknownst to you his smile was partially because he could help you out to compensate for last night's care.

You decided to continue playing along with his game.

-“Didn’t know they taught how to operate lab machines at spider camp.”

He let out an unamused chuckle and replied.

-“I might have to report you to HR for belittling me, lll let you know that I used to work as a Geneticist; so give me some credit .”

-“Wait we have Hr?”-You questioned.

-“I am HR.”

Your eyes glared at him unimpressed.

-“Somebody got up on the right side of the bed today. Anyway, I know you keeping my darkest secret isn’t gonna come out for free so what can I help you with ”- You joked while returning to your duties.

Soon Miguel’s face returned to the serious Expression you were used to.

-“I need you to remove my splint, there’s probably going to be some anomalies that need my attention today and the foil from the splint is messing up some features from My suit.”

Your heart sank a little when you noticed he didn’t come to visit you, he came only to be able to exercise his duty without any impediments even if it meant tossing your advice to the side.

-“I am not gonna do that Miguel, you may ask another healthcare provider to do it for you but I don’t want anything that could happen to you to be on my conscience.”-You calmly said in a monotone voice.

Miguel took a step back and crossed his arms while tilting his head to the side, “No” was a word that he was not used to hearing; he hoped you ignored his blank stare while he figure out how to erase that god-awful word from your vocabulary.

-“No…?”

-“No.”

-“Why not, it’s not like it’s your business anyway.”- He coldly argued.

You turned your neck in a snap in reaction to the return of his rude attitude, you glared at him in disbelief. You thought you were starting to get close but you quickly realized that Miguel was not a man of friends.

-“I’m not even gonna waste my breath answering that. Please leave my infirmary If that’s all you’re gonna request.”

-“You really think it’s that easy to get rid of me?”

Before you almost opened your mouth to start a quarrel Peter Parker walked in a hurry with mayday climbing on his head.

-“Hey Buddy! Why aren’t you answering your watch, Jessica needs some help on Earth 9214. Some sort of jumbo octopus.”

Miguel proceeded to scrunch his nose in confusion.

-“That's strange it didn’t beep at all, I guess you’ll have to lend me your mask cause someone’s being a brat and won’t let me do my job.”

Peter looked at him with a microscopic smile.

One tap.

Two taps.

6 Taps.

Nothing.

Miguel’s watch didn’t respond , it acted like it had been frozen, Miguel called Lyla through Peter’s watch to get to the bottom of this accident, the strawberry blonder eccentrically explained that watches with too much use have a chance of malfunctioning when not properly being able to download a new upgrade, hence the reason of this shut down of communications of other feature.

-“Oh no, what should we do now?”- cried out Peter in fake agony.

-“Are you a witch or something? I bet you have something to do with this.”-Murmured Miguel while he glared at you; trying to work his gadget you resigned to giving him the ugliest stare possible.

Lyla gave him a side eye, artificially nervous that he may catch onto them and make her dress in a hideous uniform, so she decided to meddle in the argument a bit before he realizes she froze his watches because Peter convinced her that if he got a break he would stop being such a pain in the ass.

-“Well I guess it can’t be helped! Guess I gotta go, keep an eye on Mayday will ya.”- Peter threw the baby at Miguel with full certainty that he would catch her then Peter disappeared with Lyla in a blink of a portal.

You looked over at the pink-cheeked baby with hair as fiery as her personality, the little girl traced Miguel's cheekbones while poking his nostril and some other random parts of his face which made your heart soften.

-“If you want you can leave her with me, you don’t look like a kid's kinda guy.”-you murmured this out not forgetting how rude he was to you earlier.

-“That kinda guy or not, you shouldn’t betray a parent's trust if they leave you in care of their most prized being, so you best believe I’m not letting her out of my sight until he gets back.”-He responded while fixing the collar on maydays shirt.

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After three hours of heavy-duty child care you and Miguel left your differences behind, it was time for Mayday’s mid-day nap but she wouldn’t sleep even tho she wouldn’t stop yawning and rubbing her eyes.

-“If we don’t get her to bed in half an hour, she’s gonna be an inconsolable cranky mess by the looks of it.”- You warned.

—“Let's turn the lights off, maybe that’ll make her sleepy.”

As soon as the lights came off Miguel positioned Mayday's head on her should while he slowly patted her back, his mouth let out a song made out of soft sh shhhh.

You felt bad for misjudging him earlier, you finally accepted that he was a man of responsibility but he didn’t acknowledge that stampeding over anyone to fulfill his duty was truly not the best option. Your heart melted at such cute sight; I mean it’s a small baby and a big man, how were you supposed to resist???

He walked around the room hoping the bounce of his steps would help rock the baby better, Mayday was on the brink of slumber she just needed a final step to fall asleep.

You brainstormed what could finally push her to sleep, and suddenly an idea came to you. You ran out of the infirmary looking for peters bag in the lockers, finally, you found a dark red tote baby bag which contained what you were looking for, some formula and a bottle.

After a few minutes you managed to get back to the infirmary in silence, you signaled to Miguel to lay her down on the bed, and after he did you gave her the bottle which she held down on her own, when she was halfway through bottle her sucking slowed down to end up stopping, with this you realized she finally fell asleep.

You and Miguel’s back physically relaxed, he gave you a thumbs up before being two stools from the desk near Mayday’s bed so you could both keep an eye on her while she slept.

-“You did pretty well today.”- You let out a warm smile.

-“Only doing my job.”- He joked.

-“I didn’t know you were good with kids sorry I miss judged you.”

-“For better or for worse; I’m a box of surprises, I don’t blame you I wasn’t as cordial as I could be today, I’m just not used to people looking out for me. That’s all.”

-“Guess we will be getting to know each other a lot from now on.”

-“You want to learn about me?”- He questioned with a small grin.

-“Why not? Here let’s do a dynamic, I ask you a question then you’ll ask me a question.”

-“Sure, but only because I’m burning time.”

You laid your head on the bed after asking Miguel the dumbest question known to humankind which he shortly responded with a lengthy reply.

In the middle of his storytelling, he noticed you fell asleep, he went to the storage room and brought down a blanket so he could lay on your back while you dozed off, he wanted to stay up and keep guard but after seeing you sleep so peacefully while taking a long deep breath, so Miguel decided to give himself a break and lay his head right next to yours so he could use his arm as a pillow.

Before he knew it he rested his eyes and fell asleep, for the next hour you two laid face to face; enjoying the silence and the contrast of each other’s warmth with the cool breeze of the air conditioner

That hour Miguel slept with all the tranquility and peace of the world.

A/n: another day another slay.literally 2 weeks felt

like a week sorry , love y’all kiss kiss 💋

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juniperpublisherscellscienc-blog · 5 years ago

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The Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomiasis in JabiTehnan District of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

Cross sectional study was conducted in Jabi Tehnan District of West Gojjam Administrative Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis. In the parasitological survey, blood samples of 164 cattle were examined using a buffy coat technique. The Packed Cell Volume (PVC) value of each animal was also measured using hematocrit reader. The overall prevalence of trypanosomiasis was found to be 15.24% and it consists of 9.76% and 20.73% in Adankegne and Ergib peasants’ association, respectively (X2=5.783, p=0.056). The most positive cases were due to Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense ) (80%) followed by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax)(20%). The mean(PCV) values of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals during the study period were 20.75% and 25.07%, respectively. The variation in mean PCV values were statistically significant (p=0.01). The study also demonstrated statistically significant (X2=13.886, p=0.001) variations in prevalence between sexes of cattle, which were 10.67% and 19.1% in female and male animals, respectively. The present prevalent study generated valuable information on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area and revealed that trypanosomosis was an important disease affecting the livestock production

Keywords: PCV; Prevalence; Trypanosoma congolense; Trypanosoma vivax; Bovine

Introduction

Livestock is backbone of the socio-economic system of most of the rural communities of Africa [1]. Ethiopia is known for its large and diverse livestock resource endowments. Livestock is primarily kept on small holdings where it provides drought power for crop production, manure for soil fertility and fuels, serves as a sources of family diet and sources of cash income (from sale of livestock and livestock products). Despite large livestock population, Ethiopia fails to optimally utilize this resource due to different constrains facing the livestock subsector. Shortage of nutrition, reproductive insufficiency, management constraints and animal disease are the major constraints [2]. One of the diseases hampering the livestock subsector is trypanosomosis [3]. Trypanosomosis is a complex disease of protozoa that is caused by different species of unicellular parasites (trypanosome) found in the blood and other tissues of vertebrates, including livestock, wild life and people [4]. Trypanosomosis limited to the extension of natural herds particularly in Africa were the presence of the tsetse fly density access to woodland and savanna areas with good grazing potential [3]. It is a serious constraint to agricultural production in extensive areas of the tsetse infested regions which accounts over 10 million squares of the tropical Africa [5].Ethiopia is one of the countries suffering from the impact of trypanosomosis. In Ethiopia, it is estimated that some 10 to 14 million heads of cattle and an equivalent number of small ruminants together with a significant number of equines and camels, are exposed to the risk of trypanosomosis [6]. Six species of trypanosomes are recorded in Ethiopia and the most important trypanosomes in terms of economic loss in domestic livestock are the tsetse transmitted species T. congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei [3].

Tsetse flies in Ethiopia are confined to western and south-western parts of the country between 33°C and 38°C E longitude and 5°C and 12°C N latitude. It is estimated to cover an area of 140, 000, 220, 000 km2[7]. Tsetse infested areas follow the major river systems; namely, Abay (Blue Nile), Baro, Akobo, Didessa, Ghibe and Omo river systems [8]. Five species of Glossina (Glossina morsitans submorsitans, G. pallidipes, G. tachinozdes, G.f. fuscipes and G. longipennis) have been recorded in Ethiopia [3]. According to National Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Investigation and Control Center [7], tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis still remains as one of the largest causes of livestock production losses in Ethiopia. The effects of trypanosomosis is not only the direct losses resulting from mortality, morbidity, infertility of the infested animals and costs of controlling the disease, but also due to indirect losses, which include exclusion of livestock and animal power-based crop production from the huge fertile tsetse infected areas. Annual estimated losses for Ethiopia as a result of trypanosomosis is roughly $200 million, in terms of mortality and morbidity losses in livestock (excluding utilization of fertile land for crop and livestock production) and the costs included in controlling the disease [9].

The most prevalent trypanosome species in tsetse infested areas of Ethiopia are T. congolense and T. vivax. Rowlands et al. [10] reported a prevalence of 37% for T. congolense in Southeastern Ethiopia. Abebe and Jobre [11] reported an infection rate of 58% for T. congolense , 31.2% for T. vivaxand 3.5 % for T. bruceiin Southern Ethiopia. In the same report it is also indicated that 8.71% infection rate was recorded in the highlands (tsetse free areas) of which 99% is due to T. vivax. Different workers [12- 14] indicated a prevalence of 17.2%, 21% and 12 % in Metekel district, in upper Didesa Valley and Southern Rift valley areas of tsetse transmitted regions, respectively, and the dominant species was T. congolense .

In the western part of Amhara Regional State bordering the Abay river basin, one of the north western tsetse belt areas of Ethiopia, tsetse transmitted trypanosomes are becoming a serious threat for livestock production and agricultural activity in particular. Reports made by the Regional Veterinary Laboratory in 1999 indicated the presence of tsetse fly transmitted trypanosomosis in three districts of the region (Bure, Jabi Tehnan, and Ankesha) bordering the Abay valley areas. A preliminary survey conducted in Dembecha district by the Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission and West Gojjam Veterinary Office in 2001 indicated a trypanosome infection rate of 23% with a dominant species of T. congolense and tsetse fly identified was G. morsitans. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, to identify the dominant species of trypanosomes involved, and to assess the PCV values of cattle in relation to the risk factors associated with the disease.

Materials and Methods

Study area

The study was conducted in Jabi Tehnan district of west Gojjam Administrative Zone of Amhara Regional State. The district covers an area of 112,772.1 ha and bordered by Quarit and DegaDamot in East, Burie in West, Sekela in North, and Dembecha and Abay River in the South. The annual mean temperature for most part of the district is 14-32°C and the elevation varies from 1500-2300 mm above sea level (m a. s. 1) with mean annual rain fall of 1250mm. The livestock populations that are found in Jabi Tehnan district include cattle, sheep, goats, horses, mule, donkey and poultry. Among these animals, cattle are the dominant species raised in the area. The cattle population in the district is estimated to be about 187,481[15] (Figure 1).

Study animals

The study was conducted on local Zebu cattle. These animals were raised in different villages of Adankegne and Ergib of Jabi Tehnan district. The animals examined in this particular study were representing different Kebeles. Sex and body conditions of cattle were also being recorded accordingly.

Study design

The retrospective data of cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis. The two sites were selected based on their higher prevalence of trypanosomosis than any other Kebeles of Jabi Tehnan district.

Sample size and sampling methods

The sample size was calculated using previous prevalence of 11.7% by [17] and desired absolute precision of 5% as per the standard procedure described by Thrusfield [18] shown below. An estimated minimum sample size of 159 cattle was obtained; however, we were able to examine 164 cattle for our study.

Study Method and Procedure

Buffy coat technique

Blood was collected from an ear vein using heparinized microhematocrit capillary tube and the tube was sealed. A heparinized capillary tube containing blood was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 12,000rpm. After centrifugation, trypanosomes were usually found in or just above the buffy coat layer. The capillary tube was out using a diamond tipped pen 1mm below the buffy coat to include the upper most layers of the red blood cells and 3mm above to include the plasma. The content of the capillary tube was expressed on to slide, homogenized on to a clean glass slide and covered with cover slip. The slide was examined under x40 objectives and x10 eye piece for the movement of parasite [19].

Measuring of packed cell volume (PCP)

Blood samples were obtained by puncturing the marginal ear vein with a lancet and collected directly into a capillary tube. The capillary tubes were placed in micro-hematocrit centrifuge with sealed end outer most. The tube was loaded symmetrically to ensure good balance. After screwing the rotary cover and closing the centrifuge lid, the specimens were allowed to revolve at 12,00rpm for 5 minutes [4,20]. Tubes were then placed in hematocrit and the readings were expressed as a percentage of packed red cells to the total volume of whole blood. Animals with PCV ≤ 24% were considered to be anemic [21].

Data analysis

Row data on individual animals and parasitological examination results were inserted into MS Excel spread sheets to create a data-base. Students t-test were employed to compare between the two-independent mean PCV values of animals from an individual site (peasant’s association). Chi-square test was also employed to assess the association between the risk factors and the disease. While analyzing data, p-values (p)<0.05 were registered as statistically significant. Otherwise, recorded as insignificant.

Result

Prevalence

Out of the total 164 (75 females and 89 males) cattle examined, 25 (15.24%) were found positive to trypanosomosis. The prevalence varied between different study areas, in which 9.76% (n = 8) and 20.73% (n = 17) were recorded at Adankegne and Ergib peasant’s association, respectively. The variation in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between the study sites were not statistically significant (X2= 5.783; p = 0.056) (Table 1 and Figure 2). The most prevalent trypanosome species in the study area was T. congolense (80%) followed by T. vivax(20%) (Table l and Figure 2). The prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis showed statistically significance difference between sexes of cattle, in which, higher in male animals (19.1%) as compared to females (10.67%) (X2= 13.886; p = 0.001) (Table 2 and Figure 3).

Hematological findings

Discussion

The study revealed that the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the area was 15.24% (25/164) which was higher compared with the previous findings of Bitew et al. [17] in the same area (11.7%). The difference in prevalence might be due the site from which the blood samples were collected. However, there were tsetse control intervention, and continuous treatment of sick animals as well as deforestation for the cultivation of land. These activities could have led to the reduction of tsetse fly population along with the decline of tsetse borne trypanosomosis in the study area. But the continuous and longtime utilization of trypanocidal drugs particularly Diminazin aceturate in the study area contribute for the development of drug resistance, so that the prevalence of trypanosomosis was higher than the previous finding due to the above reasons.

In this study, two species of trypanosomes; namely, T. congolense and T. vivax were retrieved from inspected cattle. Majority of infections were also due to T. congolense. The higher proportion of T. congolense infection in the study area was in agreement with trypanosome species prevalence data from other tsetse infested region of Ethiopia where T. congolense is the most prevalent species in cattle [11]. In the same report it was also indicated that in tsetse free area of highlands, 99% of prevalence was due to T. vivax [12-14]. But in this study area, the prevalence of T. vivaxwas less than T. congolense in both peasant associations because the two sites are located adjacent to tsetse infested belts. Leak [22] and Degneh et al. [23] also indicated that T. vivax was highly susceptible to treatment while the problems of drug resistance were higher in T. congolenseM.

In the current study, higher infection rate of trypanosomosis was detected in males (19.1%) as compared to in female cattle (10.67%) with statistically significant difference (X2= 13.886; p = 0.001). Different researchers work supported this finding [22- 25]. Although the variation was not statistically significant, Yalew and Fantahun [26], and Teferi and Biniam [27] had also reported higher prevalence of bovine trypanosomes in males than in females (X2 = 0.85, p=0.35 and X2= 0.10, p>0.05, respectively). According to Gemtessa and Dera [28], the higher prevalence of trypanosomes in males rather than in females might be related to the hardworking of male animals. Similarly, the variation in the prevalence between the two sexes might also be associated with that male animals travel longer distances to tsetse abundant areas for draught and ploughing purposes, and the journey creates stress leading to susceptibility to the infection [23,)].In contrast to this study,Kitila et al. [30] at Yayo District Illuababora Zone of Western Oromia and Tamirat et al. [31] at Enemorena Ener Woreda of Gurage Zone were found higher prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in female cattle than males.

Comparing the mean PCV values of cattle, significantly (p=0.01) low PCV was recorded in parasitaemic animals (25.07%) (SD = 0.989; df = 6; t-value = 8.069) than in aparasitaemic animals (20.75%) (SD = 1.601; df = 152; t-value = 40.316). This finding was in line with previous works conducted at different regions of Ethiopia by many authors [22,25]. In the absence of other diseases causing anemia, a low PCV value of individual animals is a good indicator of trypanosome infection [23,32]. Trypanosomosis might adversely lower the PCV values of infected animals [33]. A survey conducted in cattle in Hawagelan District of West Wellega Zone [34] revealed that the mean PCV of trypanosome infected animals was significantly lower (20.8±3.2 %) compared to non-infected animals (24.9±3.8 %). A later study in Northwest Ethiopia [35] in cattle experimentally infected with T. vivaxi solates also showed that the mean PCV, Hb and total RBC count were lower (p < 0.001) in all infected groups than in noninfected control animals. In Nigeria, domestic ruminants that were naturally infected with trypanosomes had significantly lower (p<0.05) PCV and RBC counts compared to uninfected animals [36]. Lower herd average PCVs for trypanosomepositive cattle compared to trypanosome-negative cattle have also been reported from Ghana [37], Zambia [32], Cameroon [38] and Gabon [39].

In spite of the fact that trypanosome infection has significant association with risk factors such as age and body condition scoring, as reported by many scholars, this study had not demonstrated and regarded as limitations.

Conclusion

From this study it is possible to conclude that trypanosomosis is an important disease and a potential threat affecting the health and productivity of cattle. The major species of trypanosomes in the study area were T. congolense and T. vivax. To sum up, infection with trypanosomosis negatively affects PCV and body condition of animals. This indicated that trypanosome infection of cattle causes loss of body weight and production. Trypanosomosis control measures should be targeted on tsetse fly destruction and control methods such as pour-on and effective trypanocidal drug applications. Similarly, rearing or raising of trypanosomosis resistance cattle breeds is now a day in practical. Otherwise, the problems will increase through the aide of global warming. In conclusion, further study on the occurrence of tsetse and trypanosomosis at different season of the year at different altitudes and species of animals should be conducted.

Acknowledgement

The Authors would like to thank Bahir Dar Regional Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigation Center for logistic and material support in the realization of this study. And we would also to adders our thanks to Dr. HabtamuTamrat for his constructive comments and editing the entire work.

Conflict of Interest

Authors declare that no competing of interests in the publication of this work.

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