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Everything You Need to Know About K2, the Drug Linked to Mass Overdose:

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Health news Everything You Need to Know About K2, the Drug Linked to Mass Overdose Image: A package of synthetic marijuana A package of synthetic marijuana, which contains herbs and spices sprayed with a synthetic compound chemically similar to THC, the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.Kelley McCall / AP file July 13, 2016 / 8:25 PM GMT+1 / Updated July 13, 2016 / 8:25 PM GMT+1 By Linda Carroll Synthetic Marijuana Not Without Risks

Despite dire warnings about the dangers of synthetic cannabinoids, popularly known by names such as K2, Spice, Black Mamba and Kronic, they continue to grow in popularity. Just yesterday, 33 people were rushed to the hospital in Brooklyn, N.Y. with symptoms that suggested an overdose on the drugs, according to an NBC4 New York report. The city’s health department told the station that there have been more than 6,000 K2-related emergency room visits and two confirmed deaths in New York City since 2015. In January, the American Association of Poison Control Centers listed 1,462 exposures.

To get a better understanding of what K2 is and why the drug is so dangerous, NBC News spoke with Marilyn A. Huestis, a professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore and former chief of chemistry and drug metabolism at the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Q: What exactly is K2? Recommended

A: These are synthetic compounds that bind to the same receptor in the body and brain as THC, the most psychoactive ingredient in [marijuana]. In fact, they can have really different structures from THC. The first synthetic cannabinoids were actually produced legitimately as tools for us to investigate the pharmacology of the endogenous cannabinoid system. This system is important for critical functions such as temperature control, hunger and reproduction. It also plays very important roles in the brain for executive function, which is what we use to take in information from the environment, evaluate it, and determine a course of action. The researchers who figured out how make these synthetics published their findings in scientific journals and illicit manufacturers learned from those articles.

Q: So, if the drugs just mimic compounds that are not only found in marijuana, but are also naturally occurring in the body, what’s the problem?

A: People are dying all the time from synthetic cannabinoids. They can be up to 100 times as potent as the THC in cannabis. Though this is a natural system in the body, marijuana or cannabinoids basically hijack the system and take over. Why Synthetic Pot Is Dangerous, Potentially Deadly

Q: Just how dangerous are these compounds — can they actually kill you?

We have learned that they can not only lead to death, but we have seen histories of kidney damage. They can destroy the kidneys so people may die or need to have dialysis and/or transplants. They can cause cardiovascular effects and can bring on heart attacks and strokes in the brain.

Q: What worries you most about these drugs?

A: It’s frightening. I have studied drugs my whole life and what is so frightening is that so many young people are using these compounds. This is already a known problem with cannabis. We know that if you start before age 17 and you use it frequently, not occasionally, it affects the brain in a way in which the nerves in the brain connect during brain development. So it can reduce IQ and can permanently change the brain, which isn’t fully developed until the end of one’s 20s. Medical Devices Allergan’s textured breast implants recalled by French authorities More than 600 cases of cancer worldwide linked to a specific type of implant. Dec. 19, 2018 / 12:40 AM GMT+1 / Updated 9:42 PM GMT+1 By Lauren Dunn

French regulatory officials are asking breast implant manufacturer Allergan to recall its textured implants after the company lost approval to market the devices, according to a statement released Tuesday.

Textured implants used in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgeries account for 85 percent of the French market. They are linked to a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma called breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), a cancer of the immune system. There have been more than 600 cases of the illness reported worldwide, most of them in the U.S. Sixteen women have died.

According to France’s National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM), Allergan’s textured breast implants can no longer be marketed in France and Europe. Women in France and Europe who currently have the Allergan textured breast implants are advised to continue to be monitored by their doctors.

Allergan issued a statement Tuesday saying it had suspended sales of textured implants and tissue expanders as of Monday in 33 countries that require certification a product has met European Union health, safety, and environmental standards, citing an incomplete “routine review and renewal” of the file.

“Allergan is evaluating the subsequent request from ANSM and the Company will continue to engage the French regulator on determining the appropriate next steps,” the statement said.

“Allergan stands behind the benefit/risk profile of our breast implant products. The ANSM request, and any action, is not based on any new scientific evidence regarding these products. Furthermore, ANSM has not identified any immediate risk to the health of women with textured breast implants,” it added. Doctors, patients raise alarms about cancer linked to breast implants

The decision comes after an NBC News investigation, in conjunction with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, found that ALCL could be more common than previously thought.

On Wednesday, the Food and Drug Administration responded that it has been tracking the relationship between textured breast implants and breast implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL). Recommended

"The FDA is aware of the recent decision by the French Notified Body to not renew the CE mark for Allergan textured breast implants,” according to the FDA statement. “We have been in contact with French regulatory authorities discuss the issue.”

The FDA is meeting next year to review the safety of all breast implants.

“Breast implants, regardless of surface texture, are associated with a small risk of BIA-ALCL,” the FDA said in the statement. “There may be multiple factors involved in the development of BIA-ALCL such as patient characteristics, operative procedure history, breast implant characteristics — including surface characteristics, and duration the breast implant is in place.” Lauren Dunn

Lauren Dunn is a producer with the NBC News medical unit in New York. by Taboola SPONSORED STORIES What to See in New York Art Galleries This WeekNY Times Further reading : Love ‘Mary Poppins Returns’? You’ll Love These Books, Too — No Matter How Old You AreNY Times Field Notes: Why Go to the Chapel or City Hall When You Can Say ‘I Do’ Like Aquaman?NY Times Fiction: A Silicon Valley Start-Up Offers Hints of Alternate LivesNY Times MORE FROM news

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