#Maulana Bhashani

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মাওলানা ভাসানী: ইতিহাসের মুকুটহীন সম্রাট | Maulana Bhashani

মাওলানা ভাসানী: একজন আপসহীন সংগ্রামী নেতা | জীবনী, অবদান ও শিক্ষা

মাওলানা ভাসানী, যাকে "মজলুম জননেতা" বলা হয়, বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলন এবং সামাজিক ন্যায়বিচা��ে এক অবিস্মরণীয় নাম। তার অসাধারণ ত্যাগ, সাহসী নেতৃত্ব, এবং নিপীড়িত মানুষের প্রতি নিঃস্বার্থ ভালোবাসা তাকে জনমানুষের হৃদয়ে চিরস্মরণীয় করে তুলেছে।

এই ভিডিওতে আমরা তুলে ধরেছি মাওলানা ভাসানীর জীবনের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অধ্যায়:

তার শৈশব, শিক্ষা এবং রাজনীতিতে প্রবেশ। তেভাগা আন্দোলন থেকে শুরু করে কাগমারী সম্মেলনের অবদান। মুক্তিযুদ্ধে তার অসামান্য ভূমিকা এবং আন্তর্জাতিক প্রচেষ্টা। দরিদ্র কৃষক, শ্রমিক, এবং ভূমিহীন মানুষের প্রতি তার অঙ্গীকার। তার সমাজ সংস্কারের কাজ এবং ভবিষ্যৎ প্রজন্মের জন্য রেখে যাওয়া শিক্ষা।

এই ভিডিওতে আপনারা জানতে পারবেন: ✅ মাওলানা ভাসানীর জীবনী ও সংগ্রাম। ✅ তার নেতৃত্বের মাধ্যমে কীভাবে বাংলাদেশ স্বাধীনতার দিকে এগিয়ে গিয়েছিল। ✅ নিপীড়িত মানুষের অধিকারের জন্য তার নির্ভীক ভূমিকা। ✅ বর্তমান সমাজে তার শিক্ষাগুলোর প্রাসঙ্গিকতা।

🎯 ভিডিওর বিশেষ বৈশিষ্ট্য: তথ্যসমৃদ্ধ গবেষণালব্ধ উপস্থাপনা। ঐতিহাসিক দলিল ও সাক্ষ্যের ভিত্তিতে বিশ্লেষণ। সহজ ভাষায় উপস্থাপিত শিক্ষণীয় বার্তা।

কেন এই ভিডিওটি দেখবেন? মাওলানা ভাসানীর জীবন কেবল ইতিহাস নয়, এটি আমাদের জন্য একটি জীবন্ত পাঠশালা। তার কর্মজীবন ও সংগ্রামের প্রতিটি অধ্যায় আমাদের শেখায় কীভাবে অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করতে হয়, এবং কীভাবে ন্যায়বিচার প্রতিষ্ঠা করা যায়।

📌 ভিডিওটি শেয়ার করুন: আপনার বন্ধুবান্ধব ও পরিবারের সাথে এই ভিডিওটি শেয়ার করুন এবং তাদের জানার সুযোগ দিন বাংলাদেশের অন্যতম মহান নেতার জীবন ও আদর্শ সম্পর্কে।

#মাওলানাভাসানী #বাংলাদেশেরইতিহাস #স্বাধীনতাআন্দোলন #বঙ্গবন্ধু #নেতৃত্ব #ইতিহাস #BangladeshHistory #MaulanaBhashani #FreedomMovement #InspirationalLeader

🌟 আলোচনা করতে ভুলবেন না: ভিডিওটি কেমন লাগলো? আপনার মতামত এবং মাওলানা ভাসানীর জীবন থেকে শেখা কোনো বিশেষ দিক আমাদের সাথে কমেন্টে শেয়ার করুন! 💬

🙏 সাবস্ক্রাইব করুন: এই ধরনের আরো ইতিহাস, শিক্ষা এবং অনুপ্রেরণামূলক ভিডিও পেতে আমাদের চ্যানেলটি সাবস্ক্রাইব করুন এবং বেল আইকনটি চাপুন! 🔔

👍 লাইক দিন, 💬 কমেন্ট করুন, এবং 📢 শেয়ার করুন! আপনার একটুখানি সমর্থন আমাদের এগিয়ে যেতে সাহায্য করবে। 🎥

মাওলানা ভাসানী, মজলুম জননেতা, বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস, স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলন, মুক্তিযুদ্ধ, সমাজ সংস্কার, কৃষক আন্দোলন, বাংলাদেশ রাজনীতি, ত্যাগী নেতা, মাওলানা ভাসানীর জীবনী, নিপীড়িত মানুষের নেতা, জননেতা ভাসানী, মাওলানা ভাসানীর শিক্ষা, বাংলাদেশি মহান নেতা, Maulana Bhashani, Majlum Jananeta, Bangladesh History, Independence Movement, Liberation War, Farmer Movement,  Biography of Maulana Bhashani, Historical Documents, People's Leader Bhashani, Great Bangladeshi Leader

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Explore the remarkable life of Maulana Bhashani and his impact on Bangladesh’s history.

Watch now on Search of Mystery link in the comments!

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A large section of Bangladesh’s people has been exhibiting strong anti-India sentiments over the past few years, owing mostly to the public perception that India was helping Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s regime hold power by hook or crook. After floods in northeast India’s Tripura state spilled over to Bangladesh on August 21, India quickly emerged as the villain.

The interim government in Bangladesh and its political establishment blamed India for releasing water from a dam in Tripura without notifying Bangladesh, while students staged protests on many university campuses chanting anti-India slogans.

“India displayed inhumanity by opening the dam without warning,” Nahid Islam, one of the two student representatives in Bangladesh’s interim government headed by Peace Nobel Laureate economist Muhammad Yunus, told journalists in Dhaka.

In a Facebook post, he wrote: “The generation that understands India as our enemy is made of the best children of the nation.” It is an often-repeated quotation from one of Bangladesh’s legendary politicians, the late Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, one of the first Bangladeshi politicians to allege that India was depriving Bangladesh of waters from transboundary rivers.

India and Bangladesh share 54 transboundary rivers, including the Ganga (Padma), Teesta, and Brahmaputra (Jamuna).

Islam, the student representative in the Yunus administration, even accused India of “water terrorism” in a social media post. In another post, Islam wrote, “India can be fixed if we give the Teesta project to China.”

Teesta water sharing has long been an issue of conflict and tension between India and Bangladesh. The Diplomat had earlier reported how China was trying to utilize to its advantage India’s indecisiveness in accepting Bangladesh’s Teesta water-sharing proposals due to India’s internal compulsions.

Islam’s comments hold weight, as he was one of the key organizers of the student protests that overthrew Hasina’s 15-year rule a fortnight ago. He currently heads the Information Technology Ministry.

On Thursday, sensing the gravity of the situation, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) issued a statement, clarifying what caused the flood.

“We have seen concerns being expressed in Bangladesh that the current situation of flood in districts on the eastern borders of Bangladesh has been caused by the opening of the Dumbur dam upstream of the Gumti River in Tripura. This is factually not correct,” the MEA said.

The statement said that the catchment areas of the Gumti river that flows through India and Bangladesh “witnessed heaviest rains of this year over the last few days” and that the flood in Bangladesh is primarily due to waters from these large catchments downstream of the dam.

The statement said that the Dumbur dam is located over 120 kilometers upstream of Bangladesh and is a low-height dam, about 30 meters tall. In the event of heavy flow, water is released automatically. India kept notifying Bangladesh about the trend of rising water levels until 3 p.m. on August 21, but a power outage due to the flooding at around 6 p.m. snapped all communications.

The statement highlighted river water cooperation as “an important part of our bilateral engagement” and stressed that India remains committed “to resolving issues and mutual concerns in water resources and river water management through bilateral consultations and technical discussions.”

In the evening, Pranay Verma, the Indian high commissioner in Dhaka, met Yunus. Some of India’s leading English dailies initially reported that Verma had been summoned, but the Bangladesh media reported it as a courtesy call.

According to people in Dhaka familiar with the developments, Verma proactively met Yunus to address the complications created by misinformation. He also raised the issue of security of the Indian High Commission in Dhaka.

During the meeting, Yunus proposed forming a high-level committee between Bangladesh and India to manage floods jointly, according to Bangladesh Sangbad Sanstha, the state-run news agency. The agency said Yunus hoped that disputes over water-sharing of transboundary rivers would be resolved soon.

Complicated Problem 

Resolving the disputes would not be easy, though. There are conflicts about multiple river waters, Ganga and Teesta being the main ones.

Bhasani’s last major political program was the Farakka Long March in May 1976. The 96-year-old led the historic march seeking the demolition of the Farakka Barrage that India set up on the Ganga River in 1975. He alleged that the barrage would deprive Bangladesh of its fair share of the river’s water (Ganga is known as Padma in Bangladesh).

Though India entered a water-sharing agreement with Bangladesh in 1996 (following ad-hoc measures between 1977 and 1988), Bangladesh continues to remember Bhasani’s march every year. Over the past few years, the significance of the Farakka Long March Commemoration Day has visibly increased. In May 2024, multiple programs happened in Dhaka commemorating the 48th year of the march. Organizers of most of the events had demanded that Bangladesh should fight for its fair share of all 54 transboundary rivers.

Such sentiments grew over the past two to three years, as Bangladesh agreed in 2019 to allow India to lift water from the Feni River but failed to get the Teesta water-sharing agreement signed.

After the August 21 flood, student activists flooded social media platforms repeating Bhasani’s demand for decommissioning the Farakka Barrage in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal.

An Indian politician, who did not want to be named, said that after being caught unprepared and ill-equipped to face such a natural disaster, Bangladesh’s new political leadership was turning India into a scapegoat

The Indo-Bangladesh Water-Sharing Treaty’s 30-year-term ends in 2026. While the overthrown Prime Minister Hasina had been trying to negotiate with India the renewal of the agreement in 2026, the new government in Bangladesh is also weighing other options.

Economist and Dhaka-based public intellectual Anu Muhammad accused India of blocking water flow in transboundary rivers with dams upstream, the repeated sudden release of water during monsoon season, and unilateral actions on water distribution.

“To get out of this situation, Bangladesh should immediately decide to approach the United Nations Water Convention. India’s arbitrariness must be countered with international law,” Muhammad said.

According to a Dhaka University professor who did not want to be identified, the Water-Sharing Treaty of 1996 improved the water situation from how it was before the treaty was signed. But overall, the Farakka Barrage caused Bangladesh great pain.

“It’s time Bangladesh demands that India decommissions the Farakka Barrage. It will not be an irrational demand. In the past, Nitish Kumar, the chief minister of India’s Bihar state, criticized the Farakka Barrage and called for its decommissioning,” the professor said.

Solving the Teesta water-sharing crisis would not be easy either. This is one of Bangladesh’s biggest demands before India but West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has been opposing this agreement, alleging that her state will be deprived.

The West Bengal government argues that it cannot agree to share Teesta water with Bangladesh as long as the Himalayan state of Sikkim keeps restricting Teesta water flow through its series of hydroelectric dams. Northern West Bengal will be left high and dry if Teesta water is shared with Bangladesh without freeing its flow upstream.

Since hydroelectric dams are among Sikkim’s major sources of income, it wouldn’t be easy for India’s federal government to convince Sikkim to let Teesta flow freely.

Climate Concerns  

To complicate the issues concerning transboundary rivers, climate changes in India’s Northeast have made the rain pattern unpredictable.

Waters from rivers in four Indian states flow into Bangladesh. These states are West Bengal in eastern India and Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya in India’s Northeast. Major floods in Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura, and northern West Bengal usually impact the downstream areas in Bangladesh.

In a column for Bangladesh’s leading newspaper, Prothom Alo, meteorologist Mostafa Kamal nearly echoed India’s point that heavy rainfall caused the flood. He showed that the rain that the districts of Feni and Kumilla in Bangladesh and the neighboring Tripura state in India received in three days was equal to the average rainfall for the entire month of August. “This record rainfall caused this unprecedented flood,” he said.

However, he also blamed Bangladesh’s meteorologists’ failure to predict the heavy rainfall and India’s inability to communicate about the opening of gates in dams.

Going by the recent trends of climate changes, the frequency of both drought and flood is likely to increase in India’s Northeast. There is a rapid, overall drying, meaning a decrease in overall rainfall, and at the same time a steep increase in events of extreme rainfall. The Teesta’s average discharge has also been drastically decreasing. This can impact water availability in downstream areas in Bangladesh.

The new weather pattern indicates longer dry spells to be interrupted by heavy rains in short spells. If Northeast India witnesses increased flood and drought events, the downstream areas in Bangladesh would need to prepare.

[mypakistan]

مولانا بھاشانی : سامراج مخالف اور کسانوں کے رہنما

مولانا عبدالحمید بھاشانی ایک مقبول مذہبی عالم اور سیاسی رہنما تھے۔ ان کا تعلق مشرقی پاکستان (اب بنگلہ دیش) سے تھا۔ وہ بے غرض تھے اور مظلوموں کے ہمدرد تھے۔ وہ ایک طویل عرصے تک برطانوی استعمار کے خلاف مزاحمت کرتے رہے۔ مولانا بھاشانی 1880ء میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ان کے والد کا نام شرافت علی خان تھا۔ 1907 اور 1909 کے درمیان انہوں نے مکتبہ دیوبند سے مذہبی تعلیم حاصل کی۔ محمودالحسن (شیخ الہند) اور دوسرے ترقی پسند مسلمان مفکروں سے وہ بڑے متاثر ہوئے اور انہی کی وجہ سے وہ برطانوی استعمار کے خلاف اٹھ کھڑے ہوئے۔ 1909 میں انہوں نے ایک پرائمری سکول میں پڑھانا شروع کیا۔ 1917 میں مولانا بھاشانی عملی سیاست میں آئے اور نیشنلسٹ پارٹی میں شمولیت اختیار کر لی جس کی قیادت چنرن دان داس کر رہے تھے۔ 1919ء میں وہ انڈین نیشنل کانگرس میں شامل ہو گئے۔ 1920ء میں وہ گرفتار کر لیے گئے اور انہیں سزا بھی دی گئی۔

رہا ہونے کے بعد انہوں نے تحریک خلافت میں حصہ لیا۔ 1921ء میں انہوں نے برطانوی استعمار کے خلاف تحریک عدم تعاون میں حصہ لیا۔ اس وقت بھی انہیں اپنے ساتھیوں سمیت پابند سلاسل کر دیا گیا۔ 1930ء میں وہ مسلم لیگ میں شامل ہو گئے۔ 1937ء میں وہ آسام کی قانون ساز اسمبلی کے رکن منتخب ہوئے۔ وہ 1946 تک کام کرتے رہے۔ اپریل 1944ء میں وہ مسلم لیگ کے صدر منتخب ہوئے اور پھر انہوں نے اپنے آپ کو تحریک پاکستان کیلئے وقف کر دیا۔ 1947ء میں قیام پاکستان کے بعد مولانا بھاشانی نے اپنے پروگرام کو عملی شکل دینے کی منصوبہ بندی کر لی۔ 23 جون 1949ء کو انہوں نے مشرقی پاکستان عوامی مسلم لیگ کی بنیاد رکھی۔ بھاشانی کو اس کا صدر اور شمس الحق کو سیکرٹری منتخب کر لیا گیا۔ 24 جولائی 1949ء کو انہوں نے عوامی مسلم لیگ کا پہلا اجلاس ڈھاکہ میں طلب کر لیا جس میں یار محمد خان نے بڑا اہم کردار ادا کیا۔

اس طرح ڈھاکہ شہر میں پارٹی قائم ہو گئی۔ 31 جنوری 1952ء کو انہوں نے ’’آل پارٹی لینگوئج موومنٹ کمیٹی‘‘ بنائی۔ انہوں نے پاکستان میں بنگالی کو قومی زبان تسلیم کروانے کیلئے مہم شروع کی۔ 4 دسمبر 1953 کو انہوں نے قومی جمہوری محاذ (NDF) بنایا۔ انہوں نے عوامی مسلم لیگ کا نام بدل کر عوامی لیگ رکھ دیا۔ مئی 1954ء کو وہ سٹاک ہوم گئے۔ ان کے جانے کے بعد سکندر مرزا کی حکومت نے ان پر مشرقی پاکستان واپس آنے پر پابندی لگا دی اور انہیں کمیونسٹ قرار دیا۔ 1956ء کو مولانا بھاشانی نے قحط زدہ لوگوں کی خوراک کیلئے بھوک ہڑتال کی۔ 1957ء کو بھاشانی نے ’’آل پاکستان جمہوری کارکنان‘‘ کی کانفرنس منعقد کی۔ 25 جولائی کو انہوں نے مشرقی پاکستان قومی عوامی جماعت (NAP) بنانے کا اعلان کیا۔ وہ خود نیپ کے صدر بن گئے اور محمود الحق عثمانی اس کے سیکرٹری منتخب ہو گئے۔

مولانا بھاشانی کا ایک بڑا کام یہ تھا کہ انہوں نے اعظم خان کی بجائے محترمہ فاطمہ جناح کو 1965ء کے صدارتی انتخاب میں اپوزیشن کا متفقہ امیدوار بنانے کیلئے نہایت اہم کردار ادا کیا۔ لیکن جب الیکشن کا وقت آیا تو بھاشانی نے سرگرم کردار ادا نہیں کیا۔ بظاہر یہ لگتا تھا کہ انہوں نے صدر ایوب کی چین نواز پالیسیوں کی وجہ سے ان کی حمایت کا فیصلہ کر لیا تھا۔ بہرحال ان کے کیرئیر پر یہ ایک سوالیہ نشان تھا؟ انہوں نے 1968ء میں مشرقی پاکستان کے کاشتکاروں کیلئے کوآپریٹوز کو منظم کیا۔ اس سال انہیں ایوب حکومت نے گرفتار کر لیا۔ 1967 میں مولانا بھاشانی نے رابندر ناتھ ٹیگور پر حکومتی پابندی کے خلاف احتجاج کیا۔ 1969ء میں انہوں نے اگرتلہ سازش کیس واپس لینے کے لئے تحریک شروع کی۔

انہوں نے شیخ مجیب الرحمان اور دوسرے ملزموں کی رہائی کا مطالبہ کیا۔ یہیں سے ایوب خان کے زوال کا آغاز ہوا۔ بھاشانی نے 1970ء میں ضلع ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ میں عالمی کسان کانفرنس منظم کی۔ اس کانفرنس میں انہوں نے حکومت پاکستان سے کہا کہ ایک ریفرنڈم کرایا جائے جس میں لوگوں سے پوچھا جائے کہ کیا انہیں اسلامی سوشلزم چاہئے۔ انہوں نے متنبہ کیا کہ اگر فوجی حکومت ایسا کرنے میں ناکام رہی تو گوریلا جنگ ہو سکتی ہے۔ 1952ء کی ’’زبان تحریک‘‘ کے دوران مسلم لیگ کی حکومت خاصی حد تک اپنی مقبولیت کھو چکی تھی۔ 1954ء میں جگتو فرنٹ نے مسلم لیگ کو انتخابات میں شکست دے دی اور اس کے رہنما نورالامین بھی ہار گئے۔

اس کے بعد مشرقی پاکستان میں جگتو فرنٹ نے حکومت قائم کر لی۔ تاہم اس حکومت کو بعد میں برطرف کر دیا گیا۔ مولانا بھاشانی کا کیرئیر مختلف تنازعات کا شکار رہا اور ان سے اختلاف کرنے والے آج بھی موجود ہیں۔ بہرحال ان کی سیاسی جدوجہد سے انکار نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔ انہوں نے تنازعات کے باوجود اپنا تشخص برقرار رکھا۔ انہوں نے 17 نومبر 1976ء کو ڈھاکہ میں وفات پائی اور انہیں تان گیل میں دفن کر دیا گیا۔

عبدالحفیظ ظفرؔ

[risingpakistan]

مولانا بھاشانی : سامراج مخالف اور کسانوں کے رہنما

مولانا عبدالحمید بھاشانی ایک مقبول مذہبی عالم اور سیاسی رہنما تھے۔ ان کا تعلق مشرقی پاکستان (اب بنگلہ دیش) سے تھا۔ وہ بے غرض تھے اور مظلوموں کے ہمدرد تھے۔ وہ ایک طویل عرصے تک برطانوی استعمار کے خلاف مزاحمت کرتے رہے۔ مولانا بھاشانی 1880ء میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ان کے والد کا نام شرافت علی خان تھا۔ 1907 اور 1909 کے درمیان ��نہوں نے مکتبہ دیوبند سے مذہبی تعلیم حاصل کی۔ محمودالحسن (شیخ الہند) اور دوسرے ترقی پسند مسلمان مفکروں سے وہ بڑے متاثر ہوئے اور انہی کی وجہ سے وہ برطانوی استعمار کے خلاف اٹھ کھڑے ہوئے۔ 1909 میں انہوں نے ایک پرائمری سکول میں پڑھانا شروع کیا۔ 1917 میں مولانا بھاشانی عملی سیاست میں آئے اور نیشنلسٹ پارٹی میں شمولیت اختیار کر لی جس کی قیادت چنرن دان داس کر رہے تھے۔ 1919ء میں وہ انڈین نیشنل کانگرس میں شامل ہو گئے۔ 1920ء میں وہ گرفتار کر لیے گئے اور انہیں سزا بھی دی گئی۔

رہا ہونے کے بعد انہوں نے تحریک خلافت میں حصہ لیا۔ 1921ء میں انہوں نے برطانوی استعمار کے خلاف تحریک عدم تعاون میں حصہ لیا۔ اس وقت بھی انہیں اپنے ساتھیوں سمیت پابند سلاسل کر دیا گیا۔ 1930ء میں وہ مسلم لیگ میں شامل ہو گئے۔ 1937ء میں وہ آسام کی قانون ساز اسمبلی کے رکن منتخب ہوئے۔ وہ 1946 تک کام کرتے رہے۔ اپریل 1944ء میں وہ مسلم لیگ کے صدر منتخب ہوئے اور پھر انہوں نے اپنے آپ کو تحریک پاکستان کیلئے وقف کر دیا۔ 1947ء میں قیام پاکستان کے بعد مولانا بھاشانی نے اپنے پروگرام کو عملی شکل دینے کی منصوبہ بندی کر لی۔ 23 جون 1949ء کو انہوں نے مشرقی پاکستان عوامی مسلم لیگ کی بنیاد رکھی۔ بھاشانی کو اس کا صدر اور شمس الحق کو سیکرٹری منتخب کر لیا گیا۔ 24 جولائی 1949ء کو انہوں نے عوامی مسلم لیگ کا پہلا اجلاس ڈھاکہ میں طلب کر لیا جس میں یار محمد خان نے بڑا اہم کردار ادا کیا۔

اس طرح ڈھاکہ شہر میں پارٹی قائم ہو گئی۔ 31 جنوری 1952ء کو انہوں نے ’’آل پارٹی لینگوئج موومنٹ کمیٹی‘‘ بنائی۔ انہوں نے پاکستان میں بنگالی کو قومی زبان تسلیم کروانے کیلئے مہم شروع کی۔ 4 دسمبر 1953 کو انہوں نے قومی جمہوری محاذ (NDF) بنایا۔ انہوں نے عوامی مسلم لیگ کا نام بدل کر عوامی لیگ رکھ دیا۔ مئی 1954ء کو وہ سٹاک ہوم گئے۔ ان کے جانے کے بعد سکندر مرزا کی حکومت نے ان پر مشرقی پاکستان واپس آنے پر پابندی لگا دی اور انہیں کمیونسٹ قرار دیا۔ 1956ء کو مولانا بھاشانی نے قحط زدہ لوگوں کی خوراک کیلئے بھوک ہڑتال کی۔ 1957ء کو بھاشانی نے ’’آل پاکستان جمہوری کارکنان‘‘ کی کانفرنس منعقد کی۔ 25 جولائی کو انہوں نے مشرقی پاکستان قومی عوامی جماعت (NAP) بنانے کا اعلان کیا۔ وہ خود نیپ کے صدر بن گئے اور محمود الحق عثمانی اس کے سیکرٹری منتخب ہو گئے۔

مولانا بھاشانی کا ایک بڑا کام یہ تھا کہ انہوں نے اعظم خان کی بجائے محترمہ فاطمہ جناح کو 1965ء کے صدارتی انتخاب میں اپوزیشن کا متفقہ امیدوار بنانے کیلئے نہایت اہم کردار ادا کیا۔ لیکن جب الیکشن کا وقت آیا تو بھاشانی نے سرگرم کردار ادا نہیں کیا۔ بظاہر یہ لگتا تھا کہ انہوں نے صدر ایوب کی چین نواز پالیسیوں کی وجہ سے ان کی حمایت کا فیصلہ کر لیا تھا۔ بہرحال ان کے کیرئیر پر یہ ایک سوالیہ نشان تھا؟ انہوں نے 1968ء میں مشرقی پاکستان کے کاشتکاروں کیلئے کوآپریٹوز کو منظم کیا۔ اس سال انہیں ایوب حکومت نے گرفتار کر لیا۔ 1967 میں مولانا بھاشانی نے رابندر ناتھ ٹیگور پر حکومتی پابندی کے خلاف احتجاج کیا۔ 1969ء میں انہوں نے اگرتلہ سازش کیس واپس لینے کے لئے تحریک شروع کی۔

انہوں نے شیخ مجیب الرحمان اور دوسرے ملزموں کی رہائی کا مطالبہ کیا۔ یہیں سے ایوب خان کے زوال کا آغاز ہوا۔ بھاشانی نے 1970ء میں ضلع ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ میں عالمی کسان کانفرنس منظم کی۔ اس کانفرنس میں انہوں نے حکومت پاکستان سے کہا کہ ایک ریفرنڈم کرایا جائے جس میں لوگوں سے پوچھا جائے کہ کیا انہیں اسلامی سوشلزم چاہئے۔ انہوں نے متنبہ کیا کہ اگر فوجی حکومت ایسا کرنے میں ناکام رہی تو گوریلا جنگ ہو سکتی ہے۔ 1952ء کی ’’زبان تحریک‘‘ کے دوران مسلم لیگ کی حکومت خاصی حد تک اپنی مقبولیت کھو چکی تھی۔ 1954ء میں جگتو فرنٹ نے مسلم لیگ کو انتخابات میں شکست دے دی اور اس کے رہنما نورالامین بھی ہار گئے۔

اس کے بعد مشرقی پاکستان میں جگتو فرنٹ نے حکومت قائم کر لی۔ تاہم اس حکومت کو بعد میں برطرف کر دیا گیا۔ مولانا بھاشانی کا کیرئیر مختلف تنازعات کا شکار رہا اور ان سے اختلاف کرنے والے آج بھی موجود ہیں۔ بہرحال ان کی سیاسی جدوجہد سے انکار نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔ انہوں نے تنازعات کے باوجود اپنا تشخص برقرار رکھا۔ انہوں نے 17 نومبر 1976ء کو ڈھاکہ میں وفات پائی اور انہیں تان گیل میں دفن کر دیا گیا۔

عبدالحفیظ ظفرؔ

[tachtutor]

Bhashani’s support for non-cooperation movement

Bhashani’s support for non-cooperation movement

March 9, 1971 ‘LA-KUM DEE-NU-KOOM WA LEE-YA DEEN’ Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani addressed a mass gathering at Paltan Maidan on March 9. In his address, he proclaimed full support to the ongoing non-cooperation movement and called upon the people to continue the struggle unless success was achieved. He further stated that if the government does not accept Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s…

[urduclassic]

Mahmood Shaam

Mahmood Shaam  on February 5, 1940, is a Pakistani Urdu language journalist, poet writer and analyst.[1] He is one of the best known and most travelled journalist of Pakistan. After serving Pakistan's largest newspaper Jang Group for more than 16 years continuously as Group Editor, he has joined Ary Digital Group on 21 September 2010 to launch a new Urdu Newspaper. He has written many books on different subjects

Background

Shaam received his bachelor's degree in English literature, Persian and Philosophy from Government College Jhang in 1962. In 1964, he obtained Master's degree in Philosophy from Government College Lahore, a well reputed educational institute from where Allama Iqbal and Faiz Ahmed Faiz also graduated. He was editor of the college magazine Ravi. He began his career in journlism as a student and worked for his study needs.[3]Shaam has visited several countries during his journalistic career including United Kingdom, Singapore, Burma, Denmark, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Malaysia, Switzerland, Syria, Qatar, Egypt, Italy, United Arab Emirates, India and Canada.[4]

Career

As journalist

Shaam started his career as a journalist and he has worked for 48 years including 16 years in Jang group. He has written 20 books including poetry books in which he describes condition of the oppressed people of Pakistan. His several books were banned by the military government of Sindh in April 1978, till December 1985. He was also arrested on August 4, 1977 by Martial Law Authorities but after 90 days detention he was released in 1978.[5]

In his journalistic life he has interviewed the national and international leaders as like Yasir Arafat, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Indira Gandhi, Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman, Gerald Ford, Henry Kissinger, Tun Abdul Razak, Benazir Bhutto, Pervez Musharraf. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, G.M. Syed, Khan Abdul Wali Khan, Maulana Bhashani, Mufti Mahmood, Asghar Khan and Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi.[6]

Pakistani media states about him;

"Shaam has been in journalism for almost 50 years and is known as an author and poet and in certain circles as a progressive intellectual as well. He was considered close at one time to Pakistan Peoples Party leaders, including Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto, and was also jailed briefly during the martial law of General Ziaul Haq and saw his own weekly Mayaar (Standard) banned for some time under martial law regulations".[5]

Designations

He has worked as;[6]

Assistant Editor "Qindeel” Lahore, (1962 - 1964)

Magazine Editor Daily "Nawa-i-Waqt" Lahore, (1965 - 1967)

Editor Weekly "Akhbar-e-Jahan" Karachi, (1967 - 1970) and (1972 - 1975)

Special Correspondent for Sindh for Daily "Musawat" Lahore, (Jul 1970 - Apr 1972)

Editor/Publisher: Weekly "Mayar" Karachi, (Apr 1976 - 1978) & (1980 - 1994)

Bibliography

Poetry

Cardio Spasm (A Long Poem) 1969[6]

Akhri Raqs (Last Dance) 1971[6]

Chehra Chehra Meri Kahani (My Story on Every Face) 1975[6]

Nawishta-e-Dewar (Writings on Wall) 1980[6]

Qurbanion Ka Mausam (The Season of Sacrifices) 1991[6]

Mohallon Mein Sarhadein (Frontiers within Streets) 1999[6]

Ayyan Ayyan Yo Yo, Urdu poems for children[6]

Other books

Roo ba Roo (Face to Face)[6]

Larkana Se Peking (Larkana to Peking ) 1972[6]

Larkana to Peking 1973[6]

Kitna Qareeb Kitna Door (So Near So Far) 1974, A travelogue[6]

Bhutto Key Akhri Ayyam (The Last Days of Bhutto) 1979[6]

Nai Awazen (New Voices) 1987, Interview with emerging leaders[6]

Benazir Bhutto – The Way Out 1988[6]

Benazir Bhutto – Ek Hi Rasta 1988[6]

Bartania Mein Khizaan (The English Autumn) 1992, Travelogue[6]

Taqdeer Badalti Taqreerain (Speeches that Changed Destiny) 1993[6]

Khawateen-o-Hazraat (Ladies and Gentlemen) 1998[6]

Shab-ba-Kher (Good Night) 1999, A political novel[6]

Roo ba Roo (Face to Face), New Edition - Interviews from 1967 to 1977[6]

One to One, Interviews from 1977 to 2002[6]

Bharat Mein Black List (Black Listed in India)[6]

Amrica Kia Soch Raha Hai (Urdu), American visit after 9/11[6]

Visiting American Mind – English Version[6]

Mumlikat Aey Mumlikat 2007[6]

Pakistan Per Qurban, The day with Benazir Bhutto (1970 to 2007)[6]

Website

He has a website[6] of his own, which updates about his works[7][8][9].[2]

[jobexpertpk]

"Agartala Conspiracy" was instigated by:

“Agartala Conspiracy” was instigated by:

A. Faiz Ahmed Faiz

B. Sorish Kashmiri

C. Mujib-ur-Rehman

D. Maulana Bhashani

[jobspublisher]

Maulana Bhashani University of Science and Technology

Maulana Bhashani University of Science and Technology

Recently Maulana Bhashani University of Science and Technology published a Job Circular. Bangladesh Citizen can be applied to this Job Circular. So if you built your career Maulana Bhashani University of Science and Technology can apply for this job. We will be given this Jobs all updated information here. Recently Dhaka, Chittagong, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Sylhet,Rajshahi, Khulna and Barishal…

[risingpakistan]

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy ; September 8, 1892 - December 5, 1963, Beirut) was a Pakistani left-wing statesman of Bengali origin, and one of the principal Founding Fathers of modern-day Pakistan. Appointed as the fifth Prime minister of Pakistan in 1956, Suhrawardy headed Pakistan until 1957, and was a close associate of Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime minister of Pakistan.

Born and hailing from East-Pakistan, Suhrawardy, as many of his Muslim League peers, educated from Calcutta University and Oxford University, and upon his return to India in 1921. Rising to the leadership of the Muslim League in the Bengal Presidency, Suhrawardy was a leading advocate of creating a separate Muslim state of Pakistan. Infamous for his role in the violent Direct Action Day in Calcutta, he advocated and played a major role for the success of Pakistan Movement and, under auspices of Jinnah, Suhrawardy rose to prominence, and became an important ally of Jinnah in East-Pakistan. Suhrawardy was a populist leader who advocated socialism, left the ruling Muslim League in 1949, shortly after the death of Jinnah, to join East Pakistan Awami Muslim League of Maulana Bhashani, but was forced out from the party by the junior leadership. In 1957, forming the National Democratic Front, Suhrawardy fought for the rights of people of Pakistan, both in East and West-Pakistan.

Although an anti-communist, Surawardy won the slot of Prime minister, and appointed to head a coalition government of Pakistan in 1956, with initial target to resolve the energy crises, economical disparity, and promised to build a massive military in an arms race with the India. At first, his initiatives included the re-building and reforming of the military forces, expansion of defence infrastructure, establishing the plan of nuclear power against India, and supply-side economics polices. As for the Foreign policy, Suhrawardy was also the first Prime minister to have visit the China, strengthening the Sino-Pak relations and was one of the pioneer of foreign policy to enhance the pro-United States-Pakistan's long associated ties, due to his common distrust of communism. The economic disparity, the collapse of One Unit programme, and failure to control and diminished the influence of business monopoly in national politics, further forced Suhrawardy to resigned from his post, with many believe he was forced to resigned under threat of dismissal on October 10, 1957, by the President. A chronic heart patient, Suhrawardy died in Beirut, Lebanon, on December 5, 1963.

Early life and family

Suhrawardy was born on 8 September 1892 to a Muslim family in the town of Midnapore, now in West Bengal. He was the younger son of Justice Sir Zahid Suhrawardy, a prominent judge of the Calcutta High Court and of Khujastha Akhtar Banu (c. 1874–1919) a noted name in Urdu literature and scholar of Persian. Kujastha was the daughter of Maulana Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy and sister of, amongst others, Lt. Col. Dr. Hassan Suhrawardy, OBE and Sir Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy.

Suhrawardy had an elder brother Shahid Suhrawardy, the co-founder of Pakistan PEN Miscellenay with Professor Ahmed Ali.

Education and marriage

Suhrawardy attended the St. Xavier's College, where he obtained B.S. in Mathematics in 1910, later he was admitted at the department of arts of the University of Calcutta. In 1913, he gained MA in Arabic language and won a scholarship to proceed his education abroad. Afterwards, he moved to the United Kingdom to attend St Catherine's College, Oxford University from where he obtained a BCL degree in civil law and justice. Upon leaving Oxford, he was called to the bar at Gray's Inn and later started his practice at Calcutta High Court.

In 1920, Suhrawardy married Begum Niaz Fatima, daughter of Sir Abdur Rahim, the then home minister of the Bengal Province of British India and later President of India's Central Legislative Assembly. Suhrawardy had two children from this marriage; Ahmed Shahab Suhrawardy and Begum Akhtar Sulaiman (née Akhtar Jahan Suhrawardy). Ahmed Suhrawardy died from pneumonia whilst he was a student in London in 1940. Begum Akhtar Sulaiman was married to Shah Ahmed Sulaiman (son of Justice Sir Shah Sulaiman) and had one child, Shahida Jamil (who later became the first female Pakistani Federal Minister for Law). Shahida Jamil has two sons, Zahid Jamil (a lawyer in Pakistan) and Shahid Jamil (a solicitor in London).

His first wife, Begum Niaz Fatima, died in 1922. In 1940 Suhrawardy married Vera Alexandrovna Tiscenko Calder, who, after her conversion to Islam had changed her name to Begum Noor Jehan.[1] She was a Russian actress of Polish descent from the Moscow Art Theatre and protege of Olga Knipper.[2][3] The couple divorced in 1951 and had one child, Rashid Suhrawardy (aka Robert Ashby), who is an actor living in London(He played Jawaharlal Nehru in film jinnah (film)). Vera later settled in America.

Return to British India

Suhrawardy returned to the subcontinent in 1921 as a practising barrister of the Calcutta High Court. He became involved in politics in Bengal. Initially, he joined the Swaraj Party, a group within the Indian National Congress, and became an ardent follower of Chittaranjan Das. He played a major role in signing the Bengal Pact in 1923.

Suhrawardy became the Deputy Mayor of the Calcutta Corporation at the age of 31 in 1924, and the Deputy Leader of the Swaraj Party in the Provincial Assembly. However, following the death of Chittaranjan Das in 1925, he began to disassociate himself with the Swaraj Party and eventually joined Muslim League. He served as Minister of Labour, and Minister of Civil Supplies under Khawaja Nazimuddin among other positions. He was the Minister responsible during the Midnapore (Bengal) famine of 1943, but did little to relieve it. Relief only arrived after Wavell became Viceroy, who used the Indian Army to organise relief. In the Bengal Muslim League, Suhrawardy and Abul Hashim led a progressive line against the conservative stream led by Nazimuddin and Akram Khan.

In 1946, Suhrawardy established and headed a Muslim League government in Bengal. It was the only Muslim League government in India at that time.

As the demand for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan became popular amongst Indian Muslims, the partition of India on communal lines was deemed inevitable by mid-1947. To prevent the inclusion of Hindu-majority districts of Punjab and Bengal in a Muslim Pakistan, the Indian National Congress and the Hindu Mahasabha sought the partition of these provinces on communal lines. Bengali nationalists such as Sarat Chandra Bose, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Kiran Shankar Roy, Abul Hashim, Satya Ranjan Bakshi and Mohammad Ali Chaudhury sought to counter partition proposals with the demand for a united and independent state of Bengal. Suhrawardy and Bose sought the formation of a coalition government between Bengali Congress and the Bengal Provincial Muslim League. Proponents of the plan urged the masses to reject communal divisions and uphold the vision of a united Bengal. In a press conference held in Delhi on April 27, 1947 Suhrawardy presented his plan for a united and independent Bengal and Abul Hashim issued a similar statement in Calcutta on April 29. Such a unifying movement was started by Rabindranath Tagore and others in 1905 during British Bengal administrative division(Bongovongo) or Division of United Bengal. But unfortunately Suhrawardy's plan gained no popularity, although among-st the people who wanted unity of east and west Bengal in 1905.

Leonard Mosley, in his book 'The last days of the British Raj' writes [on page 26]: "Mr. Suhrawardy was a party 'boss' of the type who believes that no politician need ever be out of office once his strong-arm squads have gained control of the polling booths; that no minister should ever suffer financially by being in public life; that no relative or political cohort should ever go unrewarded. He loved money, champagne, Polish blondes and dancing the tango in nightclubs, and he was reputed to have made a fortune during the war. He loved Calcutta, including its filthy, festering slums, and it was from the noisome alleyways of Howrah that he picked the goondas who accompanied him everywhere as bodyguards."

Perception in independent India

Suhrawardy has left a controversial legacy in post-partition India. He is perceived as responsible for unleashing, at Jinnah's behest, the Direct Action Day in August 1946 which killed thousands of Hindus. The intention was to prove that if the Congress Party did not agree to partition, all of British India would be engulfed by civil war. This action turned Hindus and Muslim neighbours into enemies and caused a cycle of death, revenge and further destruction. On the other hand, those Indians who believe that partition saved West Bengal and East Punjab from Muslim rule, credit Suhrawardy for imposing a solution that limited communal clashes in the post-independence era.

Independence

In 1947, the balance of power in Bengal shifted from the Muslim League to the Indian National Congress, and Suhrawardy stepped down from the Chief Ministership. Unlike other Muslim League stalwarts of India, he did not leave his hometown immediately for the newly established Pakistan. Anticipating revenge of Hindus against Muslims in Calcutta after the transfer of power, Suhrawardy sought help from Gandhi. Gandhi was persuaded to stay and pacify tempers in Calcutta with the intention that Suhrawardy share the same roof with him so that they could appeal to Muslims and Hindus alike to live in peace. "Adversity makes strange bed-fellows," Gandhi remarked in his prayer meeting. 

Upon the formation of Pakistan, Suhrawardy maintained his work in politics, continuing to focus on East Bengal as it became after the partition of India. On return to Dhaka he joined Awami Muslim League that Maulana Bhashai formed.

In the 1950s, Suhrawardy worked to consolidate political parties in East Pakistan to balance the politics of West Pakistan. He, along with other leading Bengali leaders A.K. Fazlul Huq and Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, formed a political alliance in the name of Jukta Front which won a landslide victory in 1954 general election of East Pakistan. Under Muhammad Ali Bogra, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy would serve as Law Minister and later become the head of opposition parties.

Prime Minister of Pakistan

In 1956, Suhrawardy won the slot of Prime minister and was hastily appointed as fifth Prime Minister by President Iskander Mirza after the surprise resignation of Chaudhry Muhammad Ali. As Prime minister, Suhrawardy took the nation on confidence on national radio, promising to resolve the energy crises, economical disparity and promised the nation to build a massive military in an arms race with India.

One Unit programme

Suhrawardy inherited a political schism that was forming in Pakistan between the Muslim League and newer parties, such as the Republican Party. The schism was fed by the attempt to consolidate the four provinces of West-Pakistan into one province, so as to balance the fact that East Pakistan existed as only one province. The programme was opposed in West-Pakistan, and the cause was taken up by the Muslim League and religious parties. Suhrawardy supported the plan, but the vast opposition to it stalled its progress. The One Unit programme suffered several set back in West, and it was brutally failed to produce any last effective results, while the programme was a quiet success in East. The nationalist and socialist democratic parties oppose Suhrawardy's One Unit programme, and soon Suhrawardy was forced to end the programme; the four provinces did not integrate into one single province, and retained its current status. The East was revolved into one single large province, with overwhelming Bengali population.

Economic policies

An anti-communist, Suhrawardy put the country's economical system towards capitalism and Free-market economy. Suhrawardy encourage the small business community to expand their business activities, allowing the community to establish and invest their money to contribute the country's economy. In order to divert attention from the controversy over the "One Unit" programme as it was called, Suhrawardy tried to ease economic differences between East and West Pakistan. However, despite his intentions, these initiatives only led to more political frictions, and was worsened when Suhrawardy tried to give more financial allocations to East Pakistan than West Pakistan from aids and grants.

Rebuilding the military

Suhrawardy, as promised, decided to rebuild the massive military forces, and the military promotion in East and West was projected all over the country. Approving a new defence policy, Suhrawardy expanded the area of military districts, integrating the adjacent areas, and making arm deals enhance the military capabilities. Suhrawardy appointed radiochemist dr. Abdul Hafeez as the Chairman of the Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) whilst the ingenious military reforms and production were also taken. The presence of Pakistan Armed Forces in East Pakistan also exponentially grew, but restricted to maintain combatant forces in West whilst the reserves were sent to East Pakistan.

Legal reforms

Such moves led to a threat of dismissal looming over Suhrawardy's head, and he resigned in 1957. His contribution in formulating 1956 constitution of Pakistan was substantial as he played a vital role in incorporating provisions for civil liberties and universal adult franchise in line with his adherence to parliamentary form of liberal democracy.

Foreign policy

In the foreign policy arena, Suhrawardy wasted no time announcing his foreign policy in first session of the parliament of Pakistan.[5] Suhrawardy advocated a pronounced pro-western policy, supporting a strong support to United States.[5] Suhrawardy is considered to be one of the pioneers of Pakistan's pro-United States stand, a policy that is presently continued by the present government.[5] He was also the first Pakistani Prime Minister to visit China in 1956 and the delegation included Professor Ahmed Ali, Pakistan's First Envoy to China (1951–52) who had established the Pakistani embassy in Peking and formed Pak-China friendship and strengthened the official diplomatic friendship between Pakistan and China[6] (a friendship that Henry Kissinger would later use to make his now-famous secret trip to China in July 1971).

His tenure saw the enhancement of the relations with the United States in July 1957, when President Dwight Eisenhower kindly requested the prime minister for the U.S. to establish a secret intelligence facility in Pakistan and for the U-2 spyplane to fly from Pakistan. A facility established in Badaber (Peshawar Air Station), 10 miles (16 km) from Peshawar, was a cover for a major communications intercept operation run by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). The base was finally closed by the military government in 1970, later by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto who installed the ISI as in charge of the base in 1971.

His pro-western policy dismantle the socialist alliance in Pakistan, most notable of them were Maulana Bhashani who challenged him for the party's chairmanship. Although, Maulana Bhashani managed to consolidate the Awami League, but failed to carry the party mass with him, leading to left the party to junior leadership. 

Nuclear power

During 1950s, Pakistan was suffering from severe energy crises, although the East did not suffered the energy crises as severe as West.  Amid protest and civil disobedience by West-Pakistan's population demanding to resolve the electricity issue, force Suhrawardy to take the approach to resolve the issue to harness the electricity.  In 1956, Suhrawardy announced the nation's first ever nuclear policy, but only benefiting the West-Pakistan, and adpoted the parliamentary act of 1956. 

It was Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy's premiership when Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) was established by a Parliamentary Act of 1956 in West-Pakistan only. Suhrawardy renounced to develop the nuclear weapons, and disassociated scientific research on the nuclear weapons, after signing the Atoms for Peace programme. Suhrawardy approved the appointment of Dr. Nazir Ahmad, a experimental physicist, as the first Chairman.  Suhrawardy asked the PAEC to survey the site to establish the commercial nuclear power plants.  Suhrawardy upgraded the government rank, and extended the appointment of Salimuzzaman Siddiqui as his government's 

Science Advisor.

Under Dr. Nazir Ahmad's scientific direction, Pakistan started its nuclear energy programme and Prime Minister Suhrawardy also allotted PAEC to set up its new pilot-nuclear labs. As Prime minister, he played an important role in establishing of Nuclear research institutes in West-Pakistan, working to build the nuclear power infrastructure. The PAEC brought the role of Raziuddin Siddiqui, a theoretical physicist, but refrained him to work on the atomic bombs, instead asking him to constitute research on theoretical physics and alternative use of nuclear energy.  Suhrawardy made extremely critical decision on nuclear power expansion, and denied the request of PAEC Chairman dr. Nazir Ahmad to acquiring the NRX reactor from Canada. Instead approved the recommendation of Raziuddin Siddiqui after authorizing an agreement to acquire the Pool-type reactor from the United States in 1956. 

He also laid foundation of the first nuclear power plant in Karachi, when it was recommended by the PAEC.  After addressing the West population, Suhrawardy planned to provide country's first nuclear power plant in near future to end the energy crises. However, after his removal from office, the proposal went into cold storage and severely undermined by a political turmoil in the country. Furthermore, Ayub Khan had also froze the further programmes as he thought Pakistan was too poor to work on this programme. Thus, the nuclear energy programme and academic research was halted by Ayub Khan's military regime for more than a decade. 

Resignation

The Awami League's close interaction with Pakistan Muslim League, who at that time was re-organizing itself, threatened another Bengali President Iskandar Mirza. President Mirza wanted to control the democracy in the country, which Suhrawardy had always resisted.[9] President Mirza refused Prime minister Suhrawardy's request to convene a meeting of Parliament for seeking a vote of confidenc movement.[9] Amid pressure to resigned from his position and given vital threats to be removed by the President Mirza, Prime minister Suhrawardy submitted his resignation letter after losing the considerable party support from the junior leadership. 

[tachtutor]

Maulana Bhashani’s daughter protests irregularities in Tangail municipality polls

Maulana Bhashani’s daughter protests irregularities in Tangail municipality polls

Maulana Bhashani’s daughter Mahmuda Khatun Bhashahi yesterday held a sit-in protest at Tangail Shaheed Minar, bringing allegations of irregularities in the Tangail municipality elections. Mahmuda’s son Mahmudul Haque Shanu was the BNP-nominated candidate in the election. Alleging that there were widespread irregularities in the municipality elections held on January 30 to ensure ruling Awami…

[tatkhonik-blog]

Olympic gold medalists to dazzle Asian Archery

Olympic gold medalists to dazzle Asian Archery

Olympic gold medalist Ki Bo-Bae of South Korea along with her man compatriot Lee Seung Yun also an Olympic gold medalist had their first practice along with other participants ahead of the 20th Asian Archery Championship yesterday at the Maulana Bhashani Hockey Stadium.

The official practice will be held today while the qualification of main event…

[englishinfoworld]

Edit

See also: Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, 1953 Lahore riots, 1958 Pakistani coup d'état, Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan, Bengali Language Movement, Nationalism in Pakistan, Pakistan–Soviet Union relations, Rawalpindi conspiracy, and Raisman Program

Main articles: Political history of Pakistan, Dominion of Pakistan, West Pakistan, East Pakistan, and Princely states of Pakistan

Play media

1950 documentary about Pakistan

In 1947, the founding fathers of Pakistan agreed to appoint Liaquat Ali Khan as the country's first Prime minister with the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, tenuring as both first Governor-General and Speaker of the State Parliament.[35] Mountbatten had offered to serve as Governor-General of both India and Pakistan but Jinnah refused this offer and opted to become the Governor-General of Pakistan himself.[36]

When Jinnah died of tuberculosis in 1948,[37]Islamic scholar Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani described Jinnah as the greatest Muslim after the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeband also compared Jinnah's death to the Prophet's passing. Usmani asked Pakistanis to remember Jinnah's message of Unity, Faith and Discipline and work to fulfil his dream ''to create a solid bloc of all Muslim states from Karachi to Ankara, from Pakistan to Morocco. He [Jinnah] wanted to see the Muslims of the world united under the banner of Islam as an effective check against the aggressive designs of their enemies''.[38]

The first formal step taken to transform Pakistan into an ideological Islamic state was in March 1949 when the country's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, introduced the��Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly. The Objectives Resolution declared that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to God Almighty. The calls for the Objectives Resolution and the transformation of Pakistan into an Islamic state were led by Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, a respected Deobandi alim (scholar) who occupied the position of Shaykh al-Islam in Pakistan in 1949, and Maulana Mawdudi of Jamaat-i Islami.[39][40]

Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Indian Muslims from the United Provinces, Bombay, Central Provinces and other areas of India continued migrating to Pakistan throughout the 1950 and 1960s and settled mainly in urban Sindh, particularly in the new country's first capital: Karachi.[41] The national government of Ali Khan was left to face challenges soon after holding the office. Liaquat Ali Khan established a strong government;[35] his Finance secretary Victor Turner announced the country's first monetary policy by establishing the State bank and federal bureaux of statistics and revenue to improve the statistical finance, taxation, and revenue collection in the country.[42] Territorial problems arose with neighboring Afghanistanover the Durand Line in 1949, and with Indiaover Line of Control in Kashmir which was the theater of the first war between the two countries in 1947.[35]

Diplomatic recognition became a challenging problem when Soviet Union led by Secretary-General Joseph Stalin did not welcome the division which established Pakistan and India. Iran was the first country to recognize Pakistan in 1947.[43] In 1948, Ben-Gurion of Israel sent a secret courier to Jinnah to establish the diplomatic relations, but Jinnah did not given any response to Ben-Gurion.

After gaining Independence, Pakistan vigorously pursued bilateral relations with other Muslim countries[44] and made a wholehearted bid for leadership of the Muslim world, or at least for leadership in achieving its unity.[45] The Ali brothers had sought to project Pakistan as the natural leader of the Islamic world, in large part due to its large manpower and military strength.[46] A top ranking Muslim League leader, Khaliquzzaman, declared that Pakistan would bring together all Muslim countries into Islamistan-a pan-Islamic entity.[47]

The USA, which already did not approve of Pakistan's creation, was against this idea and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee voiced international opinion at the time by stating that he wished that India and Pakistan would re-unite.[48] Since most of the Arab world was undergoing a nationalist awakening at the time, there was little attraction to Pakistan's Pan-Islamic aspirations.[49] Some of the Arab countries saw the 'Islamistan' project as a Pakistani attempt to dominate other Muslim states.[50]

Pakistan vigorously championed the right of self-determination for Muslims around the world. Pakistan's efforts for the independence movements of Indonesia, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Eritrea were significant and initially led to close ties between these countries and Pakistan.[51]

In a 1948 speech, Jinnah declared that "Urdu alone would be the state language and the lingua franca of the Pakistan state", although at the same time he called for the Bengali language to be the official language of the Bengal province;[52] nonetheless, tensions began to grow in East Bengal.[52] Jinnah's health further deteriorated and he died in 1948. Bengali leader, Sir Khawaja Nazimuddinsucceeded as the governor general of Pakistan.[53]

Liaquat Ali Khan.

During a massive political rally in 1951, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in Rawalpindi, and Nazimuddin became the second prime minister.[35] Tensions in Eastern Pakistan reached to its climax in 1952, when the East-Pakistani police opened fire on students near the Dhaka Medical Collegeprotesting for Bengali language to receive equal status with Urdu. The situation was controlled by Nazimuddin who gave a waiver to Bengali language as equal status, a right codified in the 1956 constitution. In 1953 at the instigation of religious parties, anti-Ahmadiyya riots erupted, which led to many Ahmadi deaths.[54] The riots were investigated by a two-member court of inquiry in 1954,[55]which was criticised by the Jamaat-e-Islami, one of the parties accused of inciting the riots.[56] This event led to the first instance of martial law in the country and began the inroad of military intervention into the politics and civilian affairs of the country.[57]

In 1954, the controversial One Unit Programwas imposed by the last PML Prime minister Ali Bogra dividing Pakistan on the Germangeopolitical model.[58] The same year, the first legislative elections were held in Pakistan, which saw the Communists gaining the control of East-Pakistan.[59] The 1954 elections results clarified the differences in ideology between West and East, with East under the influence of communism nexus of Communist Party allying with Workers Partyand the Awami League.[59] The Pro-AmericanRepublican Party gained majority in West, ousting the PML government who secured only 10 seats in East.[59]

In a vote of confidence movement in state parliament and promulgation of 1956 constitution which granted Pakistan as Islamic republic, the notable Bengali figures, Huseyn Suhrawardy became the Prime minister leading the communist-socialist alliance, and Iskander Mirza became the firstPresident of Pakistan, both as first Bengali leaders of the country.[60] Just two years later, the military would take control of the nation.[61]

Huseyn Suhrawardy (left) with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Suhrawardy's foreign policy was directed towards the improving fractured relations with the Soviet Union, strengthening and establishing relations with the United Statesand China after paying first a state visit to both countries.[62] Announcing the new self-reliance program, Suhrawardy began building a massive military and launched the plan of nuclear power program in the West in an attempt to legitimize his mandate in West.[63]Foreign efforts by Suhrawardy led to an assigning of American training program for country's armed forces which met with great opposition in East-Pakistan after his party in East-Pakistan Parliament which threatened to leave the state of Pakistan. Furthermore, Suhrawardy gave verbal authorization of leasing the ISI's secret installation to American CIA to conduct operations in Soviet Union.[63]

Differences in East Pakistan further encouraged the Baloch separatism, and in an attempt to intimidate the communists in East, President Mirza initiated massive arrests of communists and party workers of Awami League in East Pakistan, which damaged the image of West-Pakistan in the East.[63] The Western contingent's lawmakers determinately followed the idea of Westernized Parliamentary form of the democracy when East opted for becoming a socialist state. The One Unit program and centralizing of national economy on the USSR model was met with great hostility and resistance in West, although the Eastern contingent's economy was quickly centralized by Suhrawardy's government.[62] Egoistic problems grew between the two Bengali leaders further damaging the unity of the country, which soon forced Suhrawardy to lose an edge in his own party to the growing influence of cleric Maulana Bhashani.[62]Resigning under a threat of Mirza's dismissal, Suhrawardy was succeeded by I. I. Chundrigarin 1957.[62]

Within two months, Chundrigar was dismissed; followed by Sir Feroz Noon, who proved to be an incapable prime minister. The support for the Pakistan Muslim League led by Nurul Amin began to threaten President Mirza who was unapproved of by the public.[59] In less than two years, Mirza dismissed four elected prime ministers, and was increasingly under great pressure for calling for new elections in 1958

[dailysunnewspk-blog]

India beat Malaysia to win Asia Cup hockey

India beat Malaysia to win Asia Cup hockey

Indian team with Hero Asia Cup 2017. Photo: Asiahockey.org

DHAKA: The Indian men’s hockey team were crowned Hero Asia Cup 2017 Champions after they beat Malaysia 2-1 in the final of the tournament on Sunday at the Maulana Bhashani National Hockey Stadium.

Goals from Ramandeep Singh (3rd minute) and Lalit Upadhyay (29th) secured the title for India as Malaysia failed to make an impact on…

[pakistantalkshow]

India win Asia Cup hockey, Pakistan clinch third spot Indian Men’s Hockey Team were crowned Asia Cup 2017 Champions after they beat Malaysia 2-1 in the final of the tournament at the Maulana Bhashani National Hockey Stadium on Sunday, …