#MDA20009 Week7

[arifffitriii]

I Took Advice From the Internet

Imagine this right, I sleep that night with a headache. I woke up the next morning still with a headache and also a sore throat. And I’m worryingly getting hotter (temperature-wise). So the first thing I did that day was to Google my symptom. The first search result shows me the answer. I couldn’t bother scrolling more down because there are too many complicated medical terms. So I took advice from the internet, turns out I just need some rest and drink enough water.

But anyway, you get what I’m trying to say. and you most likely have done the same thing. Googling symptoms and taking advice from the internet has been normalized today. At some point, some people would probably go to see the doctor just for a second opinion, because they already diagnosed themself on the internet. 

Although, finding/googling health information online isn't always harmful because it occasionally can point you in the right direction. But the thing is, the more you do research, you’ll find more complex medical terms and identify a serious illness that you may or may not have and it can cause unnecessary stress which then affects your mental health. Basically being paranoid.

"just drink HOT water laa and expose yourself to SUN then you can’t get covid lehh”

if it couldn’t be more obvious, social media is being used to share knowledge, especially during the time of the covid pandemic. Unfortunately, information about COVID is not the only thing that spread around, fake news and stupid/funny rumors were also being shared. I don’t wanna throw shades at anyone but, thanks to aunties and uncles in Malaysia the fake rumors spread across Malaysia smoothly like butter, like a criminal undercover, especially on their favorite platform, Fesbuk. The fake news was also helped spread by Parent-Teacher Association and the Kampung/Resident area Wassap group.

Some highlights of the funny rumor include: 

Special military helicopters will spray pesticide from the sky all over the country tonight, so please stay indoors. (one of the funniest rumors I’ve heard)

Vaccinated people contain a microchip and can emit Bluetooth signals. (my personal favorite)

Coronavirus pandemic will slow in the summer due to the heat.

Drinking hot water fights the coronavirus (spoiler alert: u will burn your tongue)

A good diet can prevent coronavirus (they just want u to be healthy)

To conclude, just don’t rely so much on news from social media (particularly  Fesbuk and Wassap), especially for public health issues. No matter who sends it to you just make sure to do a fact-check. and go check a more trustworthy source. okay bye.

[j4ydn]

The Usefulness of Social Media in Spreading Information on COVID-19

Public health refers to the study and practise of averting illness, extending life, and fostering well-being via planned initiatives and well-informed decisions made by public and private entities, communities, individual citizens, and organisations (Winslow, cited in Chin 2023). On the other hand, social media can be defined as an online venue for mass media communications where users may communicate and share messages, ideas, information, and other stuff (Britannica 2023). It can be said that both public health and social media complement each other in this day and age. That being said, is social media useful in spreading information on COVID-19?

At the height of the pandemic, social media platforms like Twitter/X, Facebook, and Instagram emerged as hubs for rapid and real-time updates and information on COVID-19. These sites gave users a place to share COVID-related information instantly. At the time, people were able to share and find information more rapidly because of social media's widespread use, and the same can be said when it comes to emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) like COVID-19 (Kothari, Walker & Burns 2022). In addition to tracking the spread of EIDs, social media was able to assist with the dissemination of preventative information and alerts (Houston et al., cited in Kothari, Walker & Burns 2022). Numerous studies have shown that social media not only helps spread information quickly and raise awareness, but that it also becomes more popular during these moments of distress when people are more likely to look for information (Taleb et al. 2021).

Besides that, social media allows for the authorities to connect with the people in regard to COVID-19. According to Gough et al. (cited in Reveilhac 2022), politicians and medical professionals, among others, are using social media more and more to share health information with the public. As an example, social media was utilised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to inform the public about health-related developments, as per Taleb et al. (2021). During the COVID-19 pandemic, this tendency reached heights previously unheard of, in an attempt to increase the public’s confidence in scientific knowledge relating to COVID-19 (van Dijck & Alinejad, cited in Reveilhac 2022). Simultaneously, people became more dependent on social media to get news and information on COVID-19 (Nielsen et al., cited in Reveilhac 2022). As a result, social media platforms were crucial in facilitating communication between political authorities and the public (Rauchfleisch, Vogler & Eisenegger, cited in Reveilhac 2022).

Furthermore, social media is beneficial in amplifying COVID-19 information. Chou et al. and Thackeray et al. (cited in Syn 2021) state that the use of social media in health communication has grown in importance. Not only that, but social media is an effective tool for spreading health information and promoting healthcare, according to both social media users and medical professionals (Thackeray et al.; Jha et al., cited in Syn 2021). Moreover, as mentioned by Reveilhac (2022), social media is crucial in this aspect because they enable people to get pass conventional forms of 'gatekeepers' like newspapers and political parties in order to encourage others to take pre-emptive action and ensure that related policies are followed by the general public.

In conclusion, there is no denying that social media was crucial in the dissemination of knowledge and information on COVID-19. The emergence and growth of social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter/X in recent times, which happened to coincide with a number of health crises, including the H1N1 virus in 2009, and the Ebola virus in 2013 have demonstrated how effective they are to distribute vital medical information to large audiences during public emergencies, such as EIDs (Taleb et al. 2021). In a separate study by Chang, Pham & Ferrara (2023), it was suggested that celebrities’ usage of social media and its potential for dissemination through various fan interaction channels can be crucial in the public’s responses to public health emergencies such as COVID-19. For example, entertainment artists who are globally recognised possess considerable broadcasting power due to their highly targeted audiences, which span national and ethnic boundaries, political ideologies, and personal convictions (Chang, Pham & Ferrara 2023). Needless to say, social media platforms were essential during the turbulent period of the pandemic and will continue to be in health crises by offering real-time updates to engagement between the authorities and the masses, boosting public health messaging, and encouraging worldwide awareness.

[waterspinachdith]

PUBLIC HEALTH *cough coro cough*

Since the end of 2019, the world has been shaken by the Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) attack. The Malaysian government has adopted numerous phases of the Movement Manage Order (MCO) 2020 beginning on March 18, 2020, in an effort to control the prevention of COVID-19. In the face of the COVID pandemic-19, which is spreading rapidly, and the implementation of the PKP-PKPB-PKPP, which was executed for the first time in Malaysia, the public is always searching for sources to get the most up-to-date information on the status and news of the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as the most recent Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). People used to rely on traditional sources such as radio and television to acquire information, but technological advancements now put everything at their fingertips through the usage of the internet and communications technology (ICT). The usage of technology such as the Internet, as well as media such as social media, is considered as extremely beneficial in giving up-to-date information. During the isolation or lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of persons accessing virtual (online) content rose over the world. Among the virtual content accessed is the ability to delight yourself and obtain up-to-date information on COVID-19.

In the past year, there have been 128 million more mobile phone users, according to the "Digital 2020 Global Statshot Report" by We Are Social, Hootsuite, and Kepios. This growth in mobile phone users is likely to contribute to an increase in social media use globally. The spreading of fake news and rumours is one of the major issues confronting the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the start of the COVID-19 crisis, the WHO has voiced their concern about the virus pandemic as well as the issue of false information and the dissemination of persistent falsehoods. False information can prevent the responsible party from responding, prevent the public from receiving accurate information, and delay the adoption of measures to combat the outbreak.

The Movement Control Order (MCO) enforced in our country since mid-March last year to curb the spread of COVID-19 has also increased the use of the internet and communication on social media. Various campaigns and reminders are given by relevant agencies such as the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (SKMM) about the ethics of using social media, but such campaigns are considered unimportant and ignored by some netizens. Everyone is racing to share information and give opinions without considering the validity of the information. The public is advised to first check the validity of any information regarding the COVID-19 outbreak and the Movement Control Order (MCO) before sharing it on social media to avoid the spread of false news and inaccurate information. People can be upset by fake news. The community is under strain as a result of the scenario as reported in fake news. The existence of prior news has increased the burden of those responsible for determining the veracity of the news and presenting it to the community.

[midnightmadness98]

Covid-19 : Social media became my bestfriend

Public Health is a systematic study of preserving and enhancing the health of the community . In order to achieve public health :- the community will be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle . The foundation is responsible for identifying , acknowledging and taking action by preventing of an infectious disease .

The global pandemic of Covid-19 became the biggest issue for the past 2 years . Individuals were forced to stay home and was only allowed to leave the house for necessities . During the first wave , some people were thrilled as they were given a chance to rest at home and spend time with their family which I agree how it was the bright side despite the concern but as time past by , it made the community suffer due to health and financial problem .

When everyone was locked up, the only thing we face is that our phones. We had tiktok to keep up updated with new dances and some might post it on Instagram too. Since then, we will always stick to the media to acquire information.

[blameyana]

What happens if we rely too much on social media for public health campaigns?

The use of social media platforms has influenced the awareness of the public positively, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media is generally a useful tool to disseminate information on public health due to its simplicity. Experts in the health field have taken initiatives to spread awareness on social media platforms. They are called ‘medical influencers’ (Medical influencers: navigating social media as doctors 2021), and from the term itself, you can tell that they are doctors who use their influence on social media platforms to raise awareness of public health.

On TikTok, experts in public health make videos to inform the youth about public health. This enables easier communication between the public and experts as experts can simply reply to their comments or give suggestions based on the knowledge that they have.

Spreading information on social media is inexpensive and not time-consuming, but that comes with a price. Anyone can use social media, including people who don’t have knowledge about health. These people only give their opinions on public health without having any knowledge. As a consequence, misinformation is spread. Suppressing fake news is not as easy as people say it is. People tend to view issues through their own perception and often do not seek confirmation of that information (What is the impact of social media on public health? 2020).

Misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccines was spread. Governments and scientists decided to capitalise on mRNA technology to develop COVID-19 vaccines quickly, as a result, conspiracy theories and additional rumours came with it (Lee et al. 2022). Anti-vaxxers have used misinformation which includes conspiracy theories on vaccines to convince people to not get vaccinated. For instance, anti-vaxxers have spread the (obviously fake) news of COVID-19 vaccines being harmful and toxic. Misinformation results from a lack of knowledge or the misinterpretation of scientific results (Sarukhan 2021).

If people continue to rely on social media without also being aware that not every news is good news, or if people cannot sort facts from lies, it only leads to distrust in the media. People must understand that they should fact-check prior to spreading any kind of news to anyone.

References:

Medical influencers: navigating social media as doctors 2021, The MDU, 9 July, viewed 12 November 2022, <https://www.themdu.com/guidance-and-advice/guides/medical-influencers-navigating-social-media-as-doctors>.

What is the impact of Social Media on Public Health? 2020, MPH Online, viewed 12 November 2022, <https://www.mphonline.org/social-media-and-public-health/>.

Lee, SK, Sun, J, Jang, S & Connelly, S 2022, ‘Misinformation of COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy’, Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, p. 13681.

Sarukhan, A 2021, Disinformation has no religion: the most common fake news on COVID-19 vaccines - blog, ISGlobal, 17 November, viewed 12 November 2022, <https://www.isglobal.org/en/healthisglobal/-/custom-blog-portlet/los-bulos-no-tienen-religion-las-fake-news-mas-comunes-sobre-las-vacunas-covid-19/3098670/0>.

[saltedeggrobot]

Bringing Mental Health Awareness into Social Media

Social media has generally been used to keep up with people that you genuinely want to keep up with online, be it friends, influencers or just topics that you are interested in. It allows oneself to connect with people that have interests that are in common, and this grows the bond between people that you follow.

Mental health is generally a very important part of someone's health and bringing that awareness is important to ensure stability and balance for everyone to have a strong mental health literacy.

Today, mental health awareness needs more exposure to, not just the younger generation but to the older ones as well. With social media, this allows for a platform for people to share their experiences regarding mental health towards less informed people, combating misinformation being spread online and generally creating platforms where people can exchange experiences with one another that are experiencing the same thing.

But sharing things online also brings about people that are not sensitive and brings out toxic online behaviour. Because everyone online can be anonymous, it sometimes makes people forget behind the screen name you see, another person is talking back to you that is real and not a robot. The mistake of forgetting this sometimes makes people become more critical and rude online thinking that their actions have no consequences and hurting another person in the process. While you don't see this happen all the time, it does occur and becomes a reason poor mental health happens in individuals.

Finally, with social media's help, mental health awareness can be improved by the help of people that can answer common questions people have about it by directing individuals to articles and sources that are factually correct and up to data, therefore, reducing misinformation.

[motumbtumb]

The Influence of the 'Aesthetic Template' on Body Modification Trends: How Social Media Shapes Our Faces

In recent years, “cosmetic surgery” products have witnessed an exponential increase in demand as aesthetics have become an important aspect of daily life.  The rise in population focusing on aesthetic features has generated promising prospects for the growth of the cosmetic procedure market.

The trend among women towards aesthetic procedures, such as breast augmentation, eyelid surgery, liposuction, tummy tuck, and other surgeries to enhance appearance, is on the rise, leading to high demand. Additionally, preferences are shifting towards procedures inspired by social media influencers.

Standard Face: Idol-Inspired Facial Surgery

First, we can understand the "Standard Face" often refers to an idealized appearance that features symmetrical, well-defined facial traits, such as high cheekbones, full lips, and smooth skin. This look has been popularized by social media influencers, especially on platforms like Instagram and TikTok.

Celebrities, especially in the entertainment industry, have a significant influence on their fans. They are often viewed as ideal beauty models, leading fans to feel pressured to attain a similar appearance. Their images and videos on social media are frequently edited and curated to showcase a perfect look, creating a challenging standard to achieve.

A 33-year-old musician named Toby Sheldon spent $100,000 (over 2 billion VND) over five years on cosmetic surgery to resemble Justin Bieber. Sheldon underwent Botox injections, hair transplants, and "smile" surgery, among other procedures, to look like Bieber.

Twin brothers Matt and Mike Schlepp spent £15,000 to have their noses, chins, and cheekbones altered to look like movie star Brad Pitt. Their transformation process over two months was documented in an MTV reality show.

Analyze behavior

The Algorithm Factor: How Social Media Rewards the Aesthetic Template

The reason for celebrity look alike surgery is not just about their love for their idols.Many individuals frequently compare themselves to idols or attractive individuals on social media. This can create feelings of inadequacy, leading to dissatisfaction with oneself.The constant presence of meticulously edited images can lead others to believe that these characteristics are the new standard of "beauty," causing them to feel that their natural appearance is not good enough.Not only that, many people change their faces to look like their idols so they can take advantage of it as a basis for personal gain.

Many young Chinese people are willing to undergo plastic surgery to look like celebrities, hoping to quickly become famous so they can sell products online and enter showbiz.

Hà Thừa Hy (born 1993) gained fame on the Chinese reality show Super Girl for resembling Phạm Băng Băng. Since age 15, she has spent 8 million NDT (over 27 billion VND) on cosmetic surgery to achieve this look. Emulating Phạm Băng Băng's style, she often gets mistaken for her and earns significant income through event appearances and live streaming, reportedly making up to $500,000 a month at her peak.

The Real-World Impact: Facial surgery

Cosmetic procedures aimed at achieving a celebrity-like appearance often include various techniques. A nose job can help create a straight or curved nose, depending on the desired style. Jaw contouring is performed to create sharper jawline features, enhancing overall facial structure. Additionally, Botox or filler injections are used to plump the lips and enhance the cheekbones, giving a more defined look. Finally, eye surgeries, such as double eyelid surgery or brow lifting, can further refine the appearance, helping individuals achieve their ideal aesthetic.Individuals undergoing surgery must have a strong mental attitude.

They may not only go through a single procedure but could also face hundreds of different minor and major surgeries.

The Health Dilemma: surgical risks, post operative health

HEALTH: After cosmetic surgery, patients face potential infections if the surgical site is not cared for properly, and some may develop scarring, which can be raised or uneven. There’s also a risk of adverse reactions to anesthesia, and many experience pain and discomfort in the operated area, with soreness or swelling lasting from a few days to several weeks. Proper post-operative care is essential to minimize these risks.

Psychological Challenges: Many patients experience dissatisfaction with the results if their expectations are not met. This can lead to feelings of depression or anxiety, particularly due to the pressure to maintain their new appearance. Additionally, individuals may struggle to accept their new image, which can significantly impact their self-confidence. It is essential for patients to seek support and guidance during this adjustment period to foster a positive self-image.

Embracing Individuality: Rethinking Beauty Standards

The influence of social media on body modification trends cannot be overstated. The 'Aesthetic Template' propagated by influencers and celebrities sets a high bar for beauty standards, leading many individuals to pursue cosmetic procedures in an attempt to conform. While these surgeries can enhance physical appearance, they come with significant risks and psychological challenges. As society continues to evolve in its perception of beauty, it is crucial to foster a more inclusive understanding of aesthetics that values individuality over conformity to idealized standards. Encouraging open discussions about the implications of cosmetic surgery and promoting mental health support can help mitigate the negative effects associated with the pursuit of an idealized appearance.

References

staff, H. R. (2013, October 21). Justin Bieber fan spends $100,000 on surgery to resemble the singer. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/entertainment/justin-bieber-fan-spends-100-000-surgery-resemble-singer-8C11431266

Tiga. (2024, April 19). Twins invest £15,000 to transform into Brad Pitt lookalikes. DailyWrap. https://dailywrap.uk/twins-invest-ps15-000-to-transform-into-brad-pitt-lookalikes,7018630501684865a

[silas-ng-dc-blog]

Can Social Media Be Used To Spread Health Awareness?

In 2024, it can be said that everyone is familiar with the words “social media”, a term synchronous with dopamine-seeking Internet users that scroll endlessly on their phones all day with their eyes glued to an LED screen. Though this may seem worrisome, which it is, social media has several upsides to it that make the aforementioned issue seem justifiable.

Specifically, social media can be used to spread health awareness to its users. The infamous Ice Bucket challenge in 2014 was started to promote awareness of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease and also showcases the unmatched potential social media wields when it comes to educating the public on urgent issues currently plaguing in the world.

Mohammed W. et. al. (2021) said that social media holds significant potential for sharing information about healthy behaviors, disease prevention, treatment, management, and care.

Additionally, health educators have leveraged social media to establish support groups, advocate for health equity among disadvantaged communities, engage with partners, and dispel misinformation on public health issues. As technology advances and social media evolves, it is becoming a powerful tool for raising awareness, educating on socially relevant topics, and conducting activities, online courses, and classes more efficiently than traditional face-to-face interactions (Latha K. et. al, 2020). Latha K. et. al. (2020) continues in their report saying that social media facilitates the connection of people, leading to increased exchange of information regarding health.

Continuing from the aforementioned Ice Bucket challenge are other challenges with similar aims of spreading health awareness to social media users. Another example is the No Make-Up Selfie challenge whose main objective was to spread cancer awareness by having women post selfies where they were not wearing make-up. BC NEWS (2014) stated that the trend grew on its own and was not started by cancer charities or organizations. Additionally, we have “Movember”, which is a trend where in every November, men were challenged to grow mustaches and both men and women were urged to be more physically active to raise awareness about men’s mental issues. Movember began in Australia in 2003 to raise awareness about men’s health issues. By 2004, it became an official charity, with all proceeds directed to the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia (Manulife Malaysia).

However, social media users should still be wary of any health-related information they come across on the internet or the various applications they use. The spread of health misinformation is rampant in the digital world, and many have already believed its false claims. Chou W. Y. S. et. al. (2020) defines health misinformation as any health-related statement of fact that is inaccurate according to current scientific consensus.  Monica L. W. (2024) wrote that vaccines are the leading subject of misleading health information with some myths being infertility after vaccination and supposed cause of autism related to vaccines. Not surprisingly, these hoaxes have led to the demise of many people, as seen in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there was widespread confusion between people who opposed vaccination and those who supported it. According to the data from Brown University School of Public Health, approximately 319,000 COVID-19 deaths in the United States between January 2021 and April 2022 could have been prevented if those individuals had been vaccinated (Monica L. W., 2024).

The myriad of false information on the internet and social media alike have grown to immeasurable proportions. With at least 80% of online people using the internet for health-related topics, an NBC News analysis has raised concerns about what type of information these people may have run into (Brandy Z., 2019). Brandy (2019) continues in her article writing that cancer is the most common topic of health misinformation, with viral articles advocating unverified cancer cures accounting for one-third of their list.

Having said all this, it seems obvious that the cons far outweigh the pros in this scenario. The damage that health misinformation on the internet has done is severe and long lasting, forcing users to think twice about every article or post they come across that is related to health. However, I still believe that social media can be used to spread health awareness effectively. With the right support, audience, and a solid foundation built through trust and results, individuals and organizations alike can utilize the vast power of social media to bring health education to the masses.

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References:

Brandy Z., 29th December 2019, Social media hosted a lot of fake health news this year. Here’s what went most viral, NBC News, viewed 24th October 2024, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/social-media-hosted-lot-fake-health-news-year-here-s-n1107466

Chou W. Y. S., Gaysynsky A., Capella J. N., October 2020, Where We Go From Here: Health Misinformation on Social Media, PubMed Central, viewed 24th October 2024, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7532328/

Latha K., Meena K. S., Pravitha M. R., Dasgupta M., Chaturvedi S. K., 28th May 2020, Effective use of social media platforms for promotion of mental health awareness, PubMed Central, viewed 23rd October 2024, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7325786/

Manulife Malaysia, Get Ready for Movember because there’s #nothingtofear, Manulife, viewed 23rd October 2024, https://www.manulife.com.my/en/individual/insights/get-ready-for-movember-because-nothing-to-fear.html

Mohammed W., Alanzi T., Alanezi F., Alhodaib H., AlShammari M., 2021, Usage of social media for health awareness purposes among health educators and students in Saudi Arabia, Elsevier, viewed 23rd October 2024,    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352914821000435\

Monica L. W., 9th February 2024, POV: Health Misinformation Is Rampant on Social Media, BU Today, viewed 24th October 2024, https://www.bu.edu/articles/2024/health-misinformation-rampant-on-social-media/

Roy R. & Malloy J., 8th May 2023, Evolving Role of Social Media in Health Promotion, Intechopen, viewed 23rd October 2024, https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/87491

BBC NEWS, 22nd March 2014, Why the ‘no make-up selfies’ campaign raised £2m, BBC NEWS, viewed 23rd October 2024, https://www.bbc.com/news/health-26683817

[tramngo]

Beyond Tradition: Exploring Body Modification in East Asian Cultures

Body modification practices in East Asia, encompassing traditional methods such as tattooing and modern cosmetic surgery, reveal a rich tapestry of cultural, social, and economic influences. Understanding these practices through a process model helps elucidate the complex interplay of historical traditions, technological advancements, and societal norms. By applying the production of culture framework, we can unravel the complexities involved in creating, distributing, and consuming these forms of body modifications in East Asia.

The Production of Culture Framework 

As discussed by Griswold (2013) and Peterson & Anand (2004), the production of culture framework focuses on the processes involved in creating, distributing, and consuming cultural forms. This approach emphasizes examining what people do rather than what they say, situating body modifications as cultural products shaped by social processes. It is particularly illuminating when examining body modifications in East Asia, where historical traditions intersect with contemporary influences.

Figure 1. Process-based framework for the analysis of body modification

Production: The Creation of Body Modifications

Historical Practices Traditional body modification practices in East Asia were deeply ingrained in cultural and social contexts. Practices such as tattooing, tooth blackening, and skull shaping served multiple purposes beyond mere decoration(Cheng 2013). These practices were personal expressions and communal rituals that reinforced social bonds and cultural identity.

Modern Practices In the 20th century, East Asia witnessed a significant shift towards cosmetic surgeries to enhance natural beauty. Procedures like double-eyelid surgery and augmentation rhinoplasty gained popularity, particularly in countries like South Korea and Japan. These surgeries often focus on subtle alterations perceived as enhancing natural features, reflecting evolving aesthetic preferences influenced by technological advancements (Holliday & Elfving-Hwang 2012).

Distribution: The Spread and Accessibility of Body Modifications

Traditional Methods Traditional body modification methods were traditionally localized and passed down through generations within specific cultural groups. These practices were closely tied to cultural rituals and societal roles, often performed by specialized practitioners within the community. They played a crucial role in maintaining cultural identity and social cohesion.

Modern Distribution The globalization of cosmetic surgery has dramatically transformed the accessibility and prevalence of body modifications in East Asia. Countries like South Korea have emerged as global leaders in cosmetic procedures, attracting a diverse clientele from around the world. This globalization is fueled by advancements in medical technology and amplified through media channels and social platforms, which disseminate beauty standards and trends internationally (Holliday & Elfving-Hwang 2012).

Consumption: The Adoption and Interpretation of Body Modifications

Cultural Significance Body modifications in East Asia are deeply embedded in cultural norms and societal expectations. For example, the preference for fair skin has historical roots and is associated with beauty and social status. This has led to widespread use of skin-whitening products and cosmetic procedures that reflect broader cultural ideals shaped by traditional aesthetics and contemporary media influences (Ashikari 2005).

Societal Pressure Modern body modification practices in East Asia are significantly influenced by societal pressures, including the competitive job market and social media influence. In South Korea, for instance, cosmetic surgery is often viewed as a means to enhance professional and personal success, creating a cultural environment where such procedures are normalized and even expected (Holliday & Elfving-Hwang 2012).

Body modification in East Asia presents a nuanced blend of tradition and innovation, shaped by historical legacies, technological advancements, and societal pressures. The application of a process model helps elucidate how these practices evolve over time, influenced by cultural values and global trends. As East Asia continues to navigate modernity and cultural identity, the meanings and manifestations of body modification will undoubtedly continue to evolve.

As these practices transcend borders, propelled by technological advancements and global connectivity, they embody a dynamic fusion of tradition and innovation. They remind us that the quest for beauty and identity is not merely skin-deep but a reflection of societies evolving amidst the currents of history and modernity

Reference list

Ashikari, M 2005, ‘Cultivating Japanese Whiteness’, Journal of Material Culture, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 73–91.

Brown, JK 1963, ‘A Cross-Cultural Study of Female Initiation Rites’, American Anthropologist, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 837–853.

Griswold, W 2013, ‘Cultures and Societies in a Changing World’, SAGE Knowledge, 4th edn, Thousand Oaks, California, viewed <https://sk.sagepub.com/books/cultures-and-societies-in-a-changing-world-4e>.

Holliday, R & Elfving-Hwang, J 2012, ‘Gender, Globalization and Aesthetic Surgery in South Korea’, Body & Society, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 58–81.

Jones, M 2019, ‘Skintight: An Anatomy of Cosmetic Surgery’, Academia.edu, viewed 1 December 2019, <https://www.academia.edu/222157/Skintight_An_Anatomy_of_Cosmetic_Surgery>.

Sanders, CR 1982, ‘Structural and Interactional Features of Popular Culture Production: An Introduction to the Production of Culture Perspective’, The Journal of Popular Culture, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 66–74.

Spillman, L 2005, ‘Book Review: Cultures and Societies in a Changing World’, Teaching Sociology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 111–112.

[marcuswong99]

Week 7: Slow Fashion

The slow fashion movement and digital citizenship share values of sustainability, ethical consumption, and responsible fashion industry engagement. The slow fashion movement relies on digital citizenship to educate customers, engage communities, and promote ethical and sustainable fashion in the digital age. People may promote a sustainable and fair fashion business by using digital platforms and learning digital literacy. This means prioritizing people and the environment over profit. Slow fashion promotes sustainability, ethical manufacturing, and mindful consumerism. Slow fashion incorporates concepts such as using greener fibers, utilizing technology to reduce waste and pollution, or taking into account the movement of the product through the supply chain (Pookulangara & Shephard 2013) ,unlike fast fashion, which emphasizes speedy production, cheap labor, and disposable apparel. The fast fashion industry's focus on speed, cheap, and mass production had detrimental social, environmental, and ethical effects, prompting the slow fashion movement. Traditional craftsmanship, sustainability, and ethical consumption underpin the late 20th and early 21st century slow fashion movement. As consumers, designers, and industry stakeholders stress sustainability, ethics, and social responsibility in clothes, the slow fashion movement is rising. Slow fashion aims to maintain ecological, social, and cultural diversity and encourages diverse and innovative business models, such as independent designers, second-hand, vintage, recycling, fashion leasing, local knitting clubs, clothing swaps, and traditional methods of garment and textile making (Ozdamar Ertekin & Atik 2014).Slow fashion encourages ethical purchasing, manufacturing, and environmental protection. It suggests a way to mitigate the negative effects of fast fashion and promote a more sustainable and equitable fashion business. The fashion industry contributes to global employment, commerce, and economic growth across numerous industries. Fashion drives worldwide trade, employment, and consumer culture, making it vital to the global economy. To address the fashion industry's economic, environmental, and social issues, governments, firms, consumers, and other stakeholders must work together to promote sustainable and responsible practices that benefit the industry and society. All stages of the fashion supply chain—raw material extraction, garment fabrication, distribution, and disposal—impact the environment. Fashion firms, manufacturers, retailers, customers, policymakers, and civil society organizations must work together to reduce the fashion industry's environmental effect. Promoting circular economy models, reducing resource consumption and waste, using eco-friendly materials and production methods, improving supply chain transparency and traceability, and encouraging responsible consumption and conscious fashion choices are effective sustainability strategies. The fashion industry may reduce its environmental impact and support a more sustainable and resilient future for people and the world by adopting sustainability principles and environmental stewardship programs.

References

Ozdamar Ertekin, Z & Atik, D 2014, “Sustainable Markets,” SageJOURNALS, accessed May 20, 2024, <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0276146714535932>.

Pookulangara, S & Shephard, A 2013, “Slow fashion movement: Understanding consumer perceptions—An exploratory study,” Journal of retailing and consumer services, accessed <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0969698912001506?via%3Dihub>.

[nniccolx]

Week 7: Social Media Influencers and the Slow Fashion Movement

welcome back to nn’s blog! ˖⁺‧₊˚ ♡ ˚₊‧⁺˖

Hello everyone, this is nicole again! In this week of my Digital Communities blog, I’ll be exploring the topic of social media influencers and the slow fashion movement. More specifically, I’ll be delving into the question of whether social media influencers would promote sustainable clothing.

As everyone knows, social media influencers have a huge impact on fashion trends and consumer behavior. With just one post, they can make a clothing item sell out in minutes or spark a new trend overnight. But have you ever wondered if influencers would use their platform to promote sustainable and ethical fashion?

So now, let's break it down. Many influencers are embracing the slow fashion movement and using their platform to raise awareness about sustainable fashion brands. But, not just social media influencers, even celebrities, let's take Emma Watson for example. She's been a vocal advocate for sustainable fashion, often seen wearing outfits made from eco-friendly materials and supporting ethical fashion brands. Some of her red carpet shows have worn recycled fabric materials, and this can significantly shape consumer behavior and fashion trends, leveraging their platform for positive change in the industry (Adams 2020).

At the 2016 Met Gala, Emma Watson wore a monochrome Calvin Klein dress made from recycled plastic bottles.

Meanwhile, there's Venetia La Manna, a sustainable fashion influencer who's all about thrift shopping and DIY fashion. For example, in this TikTok video, she shows us how to rock pre-loved clothes with style and flair, proving that you don't need to break the bank to look fabulous. Most of her reels in her Instagram account is to encourage her followers to make more conscious fashion choices and reduce the environmental impact of their wardrobe (Smith 2021).

But, on the flip side, there are influencers who are still all about that fast fashion life. But now, I get it. Fast fashion is affordable, accessible, and trendy. But it often comes at a cost to the environment and workers' rights. Emily Brown's study examines how influencer endorsements can shape consumer attitudes towards sustainability, suggesting that those promoting fast fashion might contribute to unsustainable consumption patterns (Brown 2019). So, the question is, should influencers be more mindful of the brands they promote?

In my opinion, I believe influencers have a unique opportunity to drive change and inspire their followers to make more conscious fashion choices. Imagine the impact we could have if more influencers used their platform to promote sustainable brands and practices. It could be a game-changer too!

So, next time if you're scrolling through Instagram or watching a YouTube haul, think about the message behind the clothes. Let's support brands that are making a positive impact and help create a more sustainable fashion industry together!

and now it's the end of my this blog! see ya in my next blog post <3

Reference

Adams, C 2020, 'The role of social media influencers in the fashion industry', Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 341-357.

Brown, E 2019, 'Influencer endorsements and their impact on consumer sustainability practices', Sustainable Consumption and Production, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 89-102.

Smith, L 2021, 'Sustainable fashion consumption and the role of influencers', Fashion, Style & Popular Culture, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 211-225.

[huixin0707]

Week 7: How Social Media and Platform Governance Are Transforming Medical Care and the Creator Economy

Today, I'd like to discuss two interesting topics that demonstrate how social media is changing the creator economy and healthcare in developing world. These areas showcase the vast opportunities and difficulties associated with the digital era.

Social Media’s Impact on Medical Care 🏥🌍

Have you ever thought about how social media can save lives? Dr. Carolina Camilo from Santiago, Dominican Republic, certainly has. She faced a tough situation in her pediatric burn unit, lacking the necessary training to prevent her young patients from scarring and losing limb function. But instead of giving up, she turned to Facebook and connected with a global network of experts through the nonprofit Physicians for Peace (PFP). 📚📲

Organizations like Worldreader are also leveraging digital technology to make health information accessible in even the most remote areas. By providing digital books and manuals on sanitation, malaria prevention, and safe birth practices via low-cost devices and mobile apps, they're making a significant impact on public health education.

The Challenges of the Creator Economy on Social Media🎥💼

Let's change our focus and discuss the creator economy, which includes TikTokers, Instagram influencers, and YouTubers. It appears to be a dream job at first, one that allows for creativity, self-expression, and even the possibility of fame. But a closer examination reveals a more nuanced reality. 🚫📉

Creators often face inequality, exploitation, and a culture of overwork. Despite the promises from platforms like TikTok and Instagram about rewarding creativity and authenticity, many creators, especially from marginalized communities, find themselves battling unfair punishments like shadow bans and content violations. These punitive measures often feel inconsistent and biased, disproportionately affecting those outside the mainstream.

Scholars have been investigating these matters, examining how platform governance and algorithmic systems impact the experiences of creators. The way creators share theories and insights about how platforms operate—which can occasionally feel like figuring out a black box—is referred to as "algorithmic gossip". In addition to assisting creators in adapting, this gossip exposes the power dynamics in place. 📈🗣️

Bridging the Gaps

These stories show the potential and challenges of digital platforms. In healthcare, social media is breaking down barriers, while in the creator economy, there’s a need for fair treatment and support for diverse voices. Let’s push for transparency, equity, and inclusivity to build a better online world. 🌍💖

References

Duffy, B. E., & Meisner, C. (2022). Platform governance at the margins: Social media creators’ experiences with algorithmic (in)visibility. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/01634437221111923, 45(2), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221111923

How Social Media Is Transforming Medical Care In The Developing World - Fast Company. (n.d.). Retrieved May 19, 2024, from https://www.fastcompany.com/3057869/how-social-media-is-transforming-medical-care-in-the-developing-world

[celinefoh]

Week 7: Social media influencer and slow fashion movement

Welcome back again! So in this post, I’m going to walk you through social media influencers and the slow fashion movement. As usual, we are going to start with some questions. Let me know your answer in the comment section so I can go and take a look too. Did you go on social media to search for certain influencers for fashion ideas? 

So what is the slow fashion movement? Compared to the fast fashion industry, the slow fashion movement promotes more ethical and ecological ways of producing and consuming clothing. An important part of the affordable approach is using environmentally friendly materials such as hemp, organic cotton, recycled fabrics, and other sustainable sources. This reduces the environmental impact of clothing production. Recycled fabrics, such as using jeans to recreate a new item, are often seen nowadays; they could be a bag or clothes. You may think that using recycled jeans and making them into a bag may sound weird; in contrast, it has become a fashion trend. Some of these traditional methods are returning to the slow-fashion world. At first, it prompts us to sit back and consider whether we truly need a new item or if we could look through our closet for a forgotten item that could only require a minor fix. It therefore motivates us to purchase fewer clothes less frequently and, whenever possible, get used ones.

We can also see more and more thrift stores on the street. Thrift stores like 2nd Street allow everyone to sell their clothes to them, and then they will choose those good-quality clothes and resell them at a low price. This lets those old clothes find a new owner and give them value again. So if you have any old clothes that you want to throw away, why not sell them to 2nd Street and let them help those clothes find a new owner? Furthermore, thrift stores receive different types of fashion-style clothes, and people can manage to find clothes that suit their fashion style better than in a shopping mall. Wearing used apparel is an environmentally conscious way to support others in becoming more sustainable (Atelier, 2023). 

Or if you plan not to sell it, then why not donate it and help those in need? (tyoub.com.au, n.d.) No matter how big the charity is that you decide to support, your contribution will have an impact. Charities can carry out their essential work because of the kindness of people like you. Even though you might not need your old clothes, someone most likely will. Many people require more reasonably priced, reusable clothing. 

In conclusion, ethical and environmentally friendly clothing uses sustainable materials such as hemp and recycled fabrics, promoted by the slow fashion movement. This encourages buying lower-quality products and helps thrift stores like 2nd Street, which share used clothing to reduce waste. Donating used clothing to charities benefits the less fortunate and promotes sustainability. Embracing slow fashion fosters a community that is more aware and supportive. of.

Reference

Atelier, D. (2023). What is Upcycled Clothing? Slow Fashions Biggest Trend for 2023. [online] Daines Atelier. Available at: https://dainesatelier.com/upcycled-fashion-2023/  (Accessed: 18 May 2024). 

tyoub.com.au. (n.d.). Why You Should Donate Clothes Instead of Throwing Them Away - Tyoub Swimwear. [online] Available at: https://tyoub.com.au/blogs/news/why-you-should-donate-clothes-instead-of-throwing-them-away  [Accessed 18 May 2024].

[wengdotlam]

WEEK 7:  Social Media Influencers and The Slow Fashion

Welcome To Lam’s Blog 

I Hate shopping but love thrifting online through social platform (cause I’m just a young broke uni student smift smift*) My journey into slow fashion started from two main influences. First, thanks to my dad, who enjoys reading articles from The Ecologist. About three years ago, when I was still a young teen splurging on shopping, he shared an article that changed my mindset. It was by Kate Fletcher, introducing the concept of "slow fashion". She compared the slow fashion movement, which was founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy in 1986. The slow fashion movement emphasizes the importance of sustainability, ethical production, and a shift from quantity to quality in the fashion industry. (Kate 2017)​. This realization hit me like the refreshing ‘crack’ sound of opening an aluminum, Coke. Around the same time, one of my favorite YouTubers, Erica Ha, influenced me with her thrifting vlogs. Watching her inspired me to join the ‘thrift gang’, and now I rarely buy new brand clothes, opting instead for second-hand finds from online apps and thrift shops. Influencers like Erica Ha have the power to shape opinions and trends through their platforms, and many are now advocating for slow fashion. They educate their followers about its benefits, encouraging thoughtful purchasing decisions that support fair wages, better working conditions, and reduced environmental impact.

The slow fashion philosophy promotes buying fewer but higher quality items that last longer. This approach supports more sustainable and ethical fashion choices. Movements like "Fashion Revolution Day" (LDN 2022) and from the readings that are provided by Norealyna (2024) highlight the growing awareness and demand for such choices, driven by a desire for personal growth, well-being, and ethical commitments. This shift is evident in the increasing number of influencers promoting these ideals on social media.

I'm grateful to see that many people in this generation are embracing thrifting, redesigning their clothes with various materials, and turning them into masterpieces and selling secondhand clothes online. Social media influencers can influence the world by sharing and educating the right information and changing people’s thinking and lifestyles by sustainable practices and ethical consumption.  I hope you guys can take a moment to explore some influencers who champion slow fashion and see how you can incorporate their tips into your own life. Let's make a difference by savoring the joy that comes after the refreshing ‘crack’ of opening Coke. Comment below to share your opinions and let me know who your favorite influencers are and how they’ve influenced you. *heart *

References 

Kate Fletcher, 2017, Slow fashion, The Ecologist, viewed 18 May 2024, <https://theecologist.org/2007/jun/01/slow-fashion>

LDN, S L 2022, What is slow fashion?: Clothing minimalism, Slow Living LDN, viewed 18 May 2024 , <https://slowlivingldn.com/journal/live-consciously/slow-fashion-minimalist-wardrobe>

Norealyna Misman, 2024, ‘MDA 20009 Digital Communities, Week 7: Digital citizenship case study: Social Media Influencers and the slow fashion movement’, MDA20009 Digital Communities, Learning materials via Canvas, Swinburne University of Technology, 24 April, viewed 18 May 2024,

<Week 7: Readings: 2024-HX03-MDA20009-Digital Communities (Subang) (instructure.com)>

[jjwong16]

Week 7: Social Media Influencers and the Slow Fashion Movement

Social media platforms have developed into effective tools in recent years that people may use to exchange information, influence others, and voice their ideas and opinions. As social media influencers have grown in popularity, these platforms have also had an impact on how consumers behave and think about a range of issues, including the slow fashion movement. Through their knowledge, kindness, and reliability, social media influencers may connect with a wide audience and foster a sense of authenticity and trust. Due to this, they are now powerful champions for ethical and sustainable fashion practices, and the fashion business can benefit greatly from their influence in bringing about change and increasing public awareness. Influencers can encourage consumers to make more sustainable and thoughtful decisions when it comes to their clothing purchases by using their social media platforms to promote their personal stories and advice about embracing slow fashion. Social media influencers can motivate and enlighten their fans about the advantages of adopting slow fashion by providing information on sustainable fashion firms, presenting ensemble ideas utilizing antique or second-hand items, and talking about the significance of ethical manufacturing techniques. It's crucial to remember, meanwhile, that not all influencers are sustainability specialists or lead sustainable lifestyles.

The fashion industry is among the most environmentally harmful in the world, with major effects on the environment resulting from different phases of the cycle of production and consumption. This essay explores how fashion affects the environment, looking at problems with waste, pollution, and resource use as well as possible ways to lessen these negative consequences. For example, 10% of the world's carbon emissions are thought to come from the fashion business, which is more than from international travel and maritime shipping put together. (European Parliament, 2020) The European Environment Agency estimates that each person in the EU who purchased textiles in 2020 emitted almost 270 kg of CO2. This indicates that 121 million tones of greenhouse gas emissions were produced by textile items used in the EU. With synthetic fibers accounting for 1% of crude oil production, the textile industry is a major contribution to the climate issue. Another significant source of plastic pollution entering the environment is this industry. The textile sector is responsible for 35 percent of the microplastic contamination in the ocean, with between 200 000 and 500 000 tones of textile-derived microplastics entering the marine environment annually. (Geneva Environment Network, 2024)

Over 60% of all textiles are used for clothing, and throughout the past 15 years, the global middle class has grown, contributing to a roughly twofold increase in clothing output due to rising per capita sales in developed economies. The consumption of apparel has decreased by over 40% concurrently. Both of these trends are mostly the result of the "fast fashion" phenomena, which features more collections offered annually, new styles that are available more quickly, and frequently lower pricing. (Ellen Macarthur Foundation, n.d.)

The slow fashion movement relies heavily on social media influencers who use their platforms to advocate for environmental stewardship, ethical behaviour, and sustainability. As digital citizens, they help create a community devoted to responsible consumption, educate their audiences, and raise awareness. To guarantee that the movement continues to be inclusive and influential, they must overcome obstacles like accessibility and greenwashing.

References

Ellen Macarthur Foundation n.d., ‘Fashion and the circular economy’, www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org, viewed <https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/fashion-and-the-circular-economy-deep-dive#:~:text=boosting%20clothing%20care.->.

European Parliament 2020, ‘The impact of textile production and waste on the environment (infographics) | Topics | European Parliament’, www.europarl.europa.eu, viewed <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20201208STO93327/the-impact-of-textile-production-and-waste-on-the-environment-infographics#:~:text=The%20fashion%20industry%20is%20estimated>.

Geneva Environment Network 2024, ‘Environmental Sustainability in the Fashion Industry’, Geneva environment network, viewed <https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/>.

[phuongngabui]

Week 7: Body Modification on Visual Social Media

Like, Follow, Subscribe: A Critical Look at the Algorithmic Push for Sexualized Content on Social Media

We all know the drill: "Like," "Follow," "Subscribe" - the constant prompts of the social media world. But behind the facade of connection lies a clever algorithm, constantly learning and tweaking what we see to keep us glued to our screens (Adisa 2023). Unfortunately, this engagement often hinges on one key factor: sexualization.

Our social media feeds are increasingly flooded with content that pushes the boundaries of what's considered appropriate. We are aware that, particularly since the turn of the twenty-first century, the term "pornification" has become the go-to terminology to describe the normalizing of pornography and the integration of pornographic imagery into a wider range of cultural expressions (Tyler & Quek 2016). But is this "pornification" simply a reflection of societal desires, or is it a carefully crafted manipulation by social media platforms themselves?

Although there is evidence that sexual content increases engagement, it is important to consider whether this is the result of algorithms creating the content or a reflection of a pre-existing social obsession. Platforms: Do they accentuate user preferences that are already suggestive, or do they purposefully promote sexual content, knowing that it will attract clicks? 

This "all sex, all the time" strategy has a lot of different repercussions. Particularly at risk are the young. Being inundated with sexualized content may distort their perception of what constitutes a good connection. Teens who compare themselves to the Photoshop-modified, incredibly attractive images they see online experience a severe decline in self-esteem (Counsel India 2023). Anxiety, despair, and even dangerous eating habits can result from this pressure to look a specific way. 

But it's not just about individuals.  The constant stream of sexual content creates a culture that objectifies and exploits people, especially women.  The lines between okay flirting and harassment get blurry online, and the pressure to get attention can lead to risky behavior, with people sharing increasingly revealing stuff in a desperate bid for likes and followers.

So, who's responsible for cleaning up this mess? It's not just on us, the users. Social media platforms need to step up their game.  Better tools to check the content and stricter rules about what's allowed are crucial (Bestvater, 2024).  We also need some transparency from these platforms. Users deserve to know how their data is used to shape their feeds and should have the option to say "no thanks" to all the sexual stuff.

But fixing this goes beyond just filtering content.  Social media needs to invest in showing a wider range of things, stuff that celebrates creativity, humor, and learning new things.  Encouraging meaningful interactions and real connections can create a more balanced online experience.

Ultimately, it's all about being smart about what we see online.  Critical thinking skills are essential for navigating the social media world. We can take control of our feeds by following accounts that promote positive and diverse content.  Instead of mindlessly scrolling, we can spend time on hobbies, connect with friends face-to-face, or explore educational content.

The dominance of sexual content on social media is a complex issue without a simple fix.  But we can work towards a healthier online space by holding platforms accountable, promoting a wider range of content, and being more critical about what we see.  One where we can connect and express ourselves without the constant pressure to be hyper-sexualized.  It's time to break free from the algorithm's tricks and reclaim social media as a place for genuine human connection.

Reference list

Adisa, D 2023, Everything you need to know about social media algorithms, Sprout Social, viewed 17 March 2024, <https://sproutsocial.com/insights/social-media-algorithms/>.

Bestvater, S 2024, Social Media - Research and data from the Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, viewed 17 March 2024, <https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/internet-technology/platforms-services/social-media/>.

Counsel India 2023, The Impact of Social Media on self-esteem and Body image among teenagers, www.linkedin.com, viewed 17 March 2024, <https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-social-media-self-esteem-body-image-among-teenagers-l46sf#:~:text=But%20while%20everyone%20seems%20perfect>.

Tyler, M & Quek, K 2016, ‘Conceptualizing Pornographication’, Sexualization, Media, & Society, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 237462381664328.