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lexzain · 3 months ago

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How Early Childhood Education Impacts Lifelong Outcomes

Early childhood education (ECE) represents a crucial period in human development. It covers the formative years from birth until primary school age. Children undergo significant growth and development during these early years as their brains form new neural connections that establish the groundwork for future learning and development. This period, especially the first two years of life, is vital for cognitive development.

The impact of ECE extends beyond the immediate years of attendance. ECE influences cognitive, social, and emotional development, shaping a person's life at later stages. In the cognitive domain, ECE programs provide diverse opportunities for children to develop essential skills like language development, numeracy, problem-solving, and critical thinking; these skills are important because they prepare children for school and prime them for academic success. Children can develop these skills through play, exploration, and discovery.

The social and emotional aspects of ECE are equally important. During these formative years, children learn to understand themselves, manage their emotions, and interact effectively with others. High-quality ECE programs create safe, nurturing environments where children engage in collaborative play and group activities. These environments encourage children to share, cooperate, and resolve conflicts peacefully, fostering empathy and emotional intelligence.

A key strength of ECE is its interactive approach to learning through various forms of play and hands-on activities. Children engage in sensory play, art projects, and construction activities, encouraging exploration and creativity. They develop language skills, comprehension, and self-expression through storytelling, reading, music, and dance. Group projects teach cooperation and problem-solving, while exposure to different cultures and languages broadens their understanding of the world.

The quality of ECE can affect its long-term impact. Research has consistently shown that high-quality ECE programs can significantly enhance children's educational outcomes and well-being. For example, children who attend high-quality ECE programs between ages two and four achieve better academic results during their primary education years.

Early childhood educators play a key role in creating inclusive environments catering to diverse learning needs. They understand that each child's cognitive development is unique and requires personalized attention. Teachers must be equipped to differentiate instruction methods and adapt teaching styles so all children can reach their full potential.

The benefits of quality ECE extend into adulthood. Children who receive high-quality early years education typically develop skills highly valued in the modern job market, including critical thinking, collaboration, resilience, and creativity. These advantages translate into better employment opportunities and increased earning potential in adulthood.

However, ECE is not just important for improving a child's future job prospects; its effect on emotional well-being is also important. Children who develop strong social and emotional skills during their early years become more confident adults with higher self-esteem in later life. These psychological benefits, combined with better academic outcomes and increased earning potential, contribute to overall well-being in adulthood.

Because educators know how significant ECE is to a child's well-being, they constantly try to enhance ECE programs. Factors that make an ECE program successful include the quality of care, appropriate group sizes, favorable child-teacher ratios, and well-trained staff. When properly aligned, ECE programs can effectively bridge achievement gaps and provide disadvantaged children with a better and more fruitful experience.

Recent research, including meta-analyses of ECE programs, demonstrates the correlation between quality ECE experiences and positive life outcomes. These studies emphasize that higher levels of ECE quality are strongly associated with improved academic outcomes, enhanced behavioral skills, better social competence, and reduced behavioral and social-emotional problems.

#Lex Zain

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hipvehop · 3 years ago

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2021′in En Sevdiğim 100 Hip Hop Albümü

Yıllık gelenek oldu artık, listesiz olmaz. Yalnız tekrar hatırlatmakta fayda var; sıralamaya pek takılmanızı önermem zira ben de takılmadım. İlk 10(hatta 20) geçen yılın en çok sevdiğim albümleri, geriye kalanlarsa sıralamasız sevdiğim albümler tamamen. Dinlemediğiniz, ilk defa duyduğunuz isimler illaki olacaktır ki amaç da zaten bu isimleri size önermek. Ha bu arada her zamanki gibi EP’ler ve mixtape’ler yok ve yalnızca İngilizce albümlere yer verdim. Lesroll...

1 - Aesop Rock x Blockhead - Garbology 2 - Skyzoo - All the Brilliant Things 3 - Sullynomad - Good, God, and Gucci

4 - Little Simz - Sometimes I Might Be Introvert 5 - Killah Priest - Summer End Cafe 6 - JPEGMAFIA - LP! 7 - Lukah - When the Black Hand Touches You 8 - Armand Hammer & The Alchemist - Haram 9 - Jaja00 - BlackBolshevik 10 - Miskeen Haleem & The Roses - Impeccable Form 11 - Kota the Friend & Statik Selektah - To Kill a Sunrise 12 - Ka - A Martyr's Reward 13 - Topaz Jones - Don't Go Tellin' Your Momma 14 - Pink Siifu - GUMBO'! 15 - Observe - Le dernier royaume 16 - Mr. Hyde & Cherie Rain - Bonnie & Hyde 17 - Monday Night & Russo Beats - Dance With the Goombas 18 - Vic Spencer - Psychological Cheat Sheet 2 19 - Lukah - Why Look Up, God's In The Mirror 20 - Boldy James & The Alchemist - Bo Jackson 21 - Jay NiCE & Machacha - A Stream of Consciousness 22 - Killah Priest & Shroom - The Mantra 23 - Koralle - Fonografie 24 - Blu - The Color Blu(e) 25 - BVA - Lex Neville 26 - Lord Juco - Raised Right 27 - Starker & Benji Socrate$ - KNG JHSPHTS 28 - Postman L x Nonchalantly Zay - Caribbean Connection 29 - Rome Streetz & Ransom - Coup de Grâce 30 - Apollo Brown & Stalley - Blacklight 31 - Subculture & Goya Gumbani - Krystin 32 - Rigz - Wake Ups 33 - Chris Skillz & Zain - The Void 34 - Tha God Fahim x Your Old Droog - Tha Wolf on Wall St. 35 - Kanye West - Donda 36 - IAMGAWD & Doc da Mindbenda - Hell's Angels & Heaven's Demons 37 - Slaine - The Things We Can't Forgive 38 - Remy Banks - The Phantom of Paradise 39 - Your Old Droog & Tha God Fahim - Tha YOD Fahim 40 - Jim Jones & Harry Fraud - The Fraud Department 41 - Muggs x Rome Streetz - Death & the Magician 42 - Jah-Monte - Seventy-Fifth & Amsterdam Side B: Lost in NYC 43 - Fat Ray - Santa Barbara 44 - Awon & Phoniks - Nothing Less 45 - Rahiem Supreme - The Fly Metaphysics 46 - Beneficence & Confidence - Stellar Mind 47 - Yelawolf - Mud Mouth 48 - Nowaah the Flood & Giallo Point - Right Over Left 49 - Mach-Hommy - Pray for Haiti 50 - Vic Spencer - Legend Laws of Power 51 - Malay Sparks, Clever1 & K-Sluggah - Frozen Mugs 52 - Rudy Williams - The Action Figure 53 - Your Old Droog - TIME 54 - YL - It Never Entered My Mind 55 - Backxwash - I Lie Here Buried With My Rings and My Dresses 56 - King Micah the Infamous & Mightyhealthy - Kingmighty 2 57 - Tyler, the Creator - Call Me If You Get Lost 58 - Evidence - Unlearning, Vol. 1 59 - Willie the Kid - Keep Watching the Fly 60 - Tha God Fahim - Dump Gawd: Stock Lord 61 - Vince Staples - Vince Staples 62 - Starker x Gee Dubs - Mothra 63 - John Jigg$ & K-Sluggah - Twin Cannons 2 64 - Snotty - Other Side of the Wall 65 - Napoleon da Legend & Nejma Nefertiti - Alter Ego 66 - Rome Streetz & Futurewave - Razor's Edge 67 - Isaiah Rashad - The House Is Burning 68 - McKinley Dixon - For My Mama and Anyone Who Look Like Her 69 - Nas - Magic 70 - Nas - King’s Disease II 71 - Cognac Kingz - Ebenezer Maxwell (International Man of Leisure) 72 - Him Lo x Giallo Point - Ugonmakemekillyoazz 73 - $uicideboy$ - Long Term Effects of Suffering 74 - Navy Blue - Navy's Reprise 75 - Westside Gunn - Hitler Wears Hermes 8: Sincerely Adolf 76 - Westside Gunn - Hitler Wears Hermes 8: Side B 77 - Substance810 & Onaje Jordan - A Righteous Offering 78 - YL - Adaptation 79 - Starker x al.divino - Sacred 80 - Rob Gates - Rob Like Get Robbed 2 81 - DJ Swet & Milano Constantine - Block Work 82 - Lute - Gold Mouf 83 - All Hail Y.T. - Player Made 84 - Pouya - Blood Was Never As Thick As Water 85 - Mick Jenkins - Elephant in the Room 86 - R.A.P. Ferreira - The Light Emitting Diamond Cutter Scriptures 87 - Lord Juco & Finn - Details 88 - Rasheed Chappell & XP the Marxman - RX 89 - Raz Fresco & Ray Robinson - SUNray 90 - MadeinTYO & UnoTheActivist - Yokohama 91 - Boldy James & The Alchemist - Super Tecmo Bo 92 - Steel Tipped Dove - Call Me When You’re Outside 93 - Vic Spencer & SonnyJim - Spencer for Higher 4 94 - Koncept Jack$on & Bane Capital - Good Product 95 - Ankhlejohn - As a Man Thinketh 96 - Dark Time Sunshine – LORE 97 - Defcee & Messiah Musik – Trapdoor 98 - Estee Nack x Mr. Rose – Byakugan 99 - Hus Kingpin – Portishus 100 - Hiperlaxo - S U R

Instrumental hip hop severlere de 2021 çıkışl�� birkaç albüm önerisi:

L'Orange - The World Is Still Chaos, But I Feel Better

Sun Thru Trees - One Won Now

Madlib - Sound Ancestors

Observe Since '98 - King Clout

Farazi - Anti-Kahraman: 90 Nesli

Ol' Burger Beats - Monologue.

Observe Since '98 - Bluto

Døøf - ElbøwGrease

MUJO情 & Grogou - Lo-Foods

Tobacco - Fucked Up Friends 3

Farazi - 2020: Instrumentals

Demahjiae - *guiding light

Brock Berrigan - Smooth Sailing

Elucid & Von Pea - The Dirtee Deacon Beat Tape

MUJO情 & Hakone - Izanami

Koralle - Still Life

Hevi - When I'm Gone

Vertical Jones - Monochrome: Frames (Instrumentals)

Son olarak, 2021 çıkışlı albümlerden-janra fark etmeksizin- favori albüm kapaklarımı derlediğim seri için de sizi burdan alalım.

#liste

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pamphletstoinspire · 7 years ago

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BOOK OF LAMENTATIONS OF JEREMIAS (JEREMIAH) - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 2

INTRODUCTION.

In these Jeremias laments in a most pathetic manner the miseries of his people, and the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, in Hebrew verses, beginning with different letters according to the order of the Hebrew alphabet. Ch. --- In the first chapter the order is exactly observed, but in the three next phe comes before ain, either for some mystery to us unknown, or by the derangement of transcribers, who perhaps thought that those verses were better connected, as they seem to be, (C.) though this is not very clear. H. --- In such pieces the sentiments of a pensive heart are poured out without much connection. W. --- The Greeks style this word qrhnoi, and Heb. kinoth, or lamentations. H. --- S. Jerom, (2 Par. xxxv. 25.) thinks it was the first composition of Jeremias, and sung at the death of Josias. W. S. Jer. in Zac. xii. 11. --- The eulogy of the king seems to belong to him rather than to Sedecias. C. iv. 20. C. --- Yet it might afterwards be applied to the latter, (H.) and to the ruin of Jerusalem. Eccli. xlix. 8. S. Jer. Pref. Theod. &c. --- The city is represented standing, and sometimes in ruins. Chap. v. seems to have been written after the rest. v. 4, 18. C. --- It is not acrostic like them. The prophet alludes to the wretched condition of the Jews, after the murder of their Messias; and hence the Church makes use of the lamentations on the anniversary of our Saviour's passion, inviting all sinners, both Jews and Gentiles, to repent: "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, be converted to the Lord thy God." W. --- Many passages are applicable to a soul fallen into sin, as the commentary under the name of S. Jerom, (H.) compiled by Rabanus, (Du Pin) shews. H.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 2

(No prolog)

[1] Aleph. How hath the Lord covered with obscurity the daughter of Sion in his wrath! how hath he cast down from heaven to the earth the glorious one of Israel, and hath not remembered his footstool in the day of his anger!

ALEPH. Quomodo obtexit caligine in furore suo Dominus filiam Sion; projecit de caelo in terram inclytam Israel, et non est recordatus scabelli pedum suorum in die furoris sui!

[2] Beth. The Lord hath cast down headlong, and hath not spared, all that was beautiful in Jacob: he hath destroyed in his wrath the strong holds of the virgin of Juda, and brought them down to the ground: he hath made the kingdom unclean, and the princes thereof.

BETH. Praecipitavit Dominus, nec pepercit omnia speciosa Jacob : destruxit in furore suo muntiones virginis Juda, et dejecit in terram; polluit regnum et principes ejus.

[3] Ghimel. He hath broken in his fierce anger all the horn of Israel: he hath drawn back his right hand from before the enemy: and he hath kindled in Jacob as it were a flaming fire devouring round about.

GHIMEL. Confregit in ira furoris sui omne cornu Israel; avertit retrorsum dexteram suam a facie inimici, et succendit in Jacob quasi ignem flammae devorantis in gyro.

[4] Daleth. He hath bent his bow as an enemy, he hath fixed his right hand as an adversary: and he hath killed all that was fair to behold in the tabernacle of the daughter of Sion, he hath poured out his indignation like fire.

DALETH. Tetendit arcum suum quasi inimicus, firmavit dexteram suam quasi hostis, et occidit omne quod pulchrum erat visu in tabernaculo filiae Sion; effudit quasi ignem indignationem suam.

[5] He. The Lord is become as an enemy: he hath cast down Israel headlong, he hath overthrown all the walls thereof: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath multiplied in the daughter of Juda the afflicted, both men and women.

HE. Factus est Dominus velut inimicus, praecipitavit Israel : praecipitavit omnia moenia ejus, dissipavit munitiones ejus, et replevit in filia Juda humiliatum et humiliatam.

[6] Vau. And he hath destroyed his tent as a garden, he hath thrown down his tabernacle: the Lord hath caused feasts and sabbaths to be forgotten in Sion: and hath delivered up king and priest to reproach, and to the indignation of his wrath.

VAU. Et dissipavit quasi hortum tentorium suum; demolitus est tabernaculum suum. Oblivioni tradidit Dominus in Sion festivitatem et sabbatum; et in opprobrium, et in indignationem furoris sui, regem et sacerdotem.

[7] Zain. The Lord hath cast off his altar, he hath cursed his sanctuary: he hath delivered the walls of the towers thereof into the hand of the enemy: they have made a noise in the house of the Lord, as in the day of a solemn feast.

ZAIN. Repulit Dominus altare suum; maledixit sanctificationi suae : tradidit in manu inimici muros turrium ejus. Vocem dederunt in domo Domini sicut in die solemni.

[8] Heth. The Lord hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Sion: he hath stretched out his line, and hath not withdrawn his hand from destroying: and the bulwark hath mourned, and the wall hath been destroyed together.

HETH. Cogitavit Dominus dissipare murum filiae Sion; tetendit funiculum suum, et non avertit manum suam a perditione : luxitque antemurale, et murus pariter dissipatus est.

[9] Teth. Her gates are sunk into the ground: he hath destroyed, and broken her bars: her king and her princes are among the Gentiles: the law is no more, and her prophets have found no vision from the Lord.

TETH. Defixae sunt in terra portae ejus, perdidit et contrivit vectes ejus; regem ejus et principes ejus in gentibus : non est lex, et prophetae ejus non invenerunt visionem a Domino.

[10] Jod. The ancients of the daughter of Sion sit upon the ground, they have held their peace: they have sprinkled their heads with dust, they are girded with haircloth, the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

JOD. Sederunt in terra, conticuerunt senes filiae Sion; consperserunt cinere capita sua, accincti sunt ciliciis : abjecerunt in terram capita sua virgines Jerusalem.

[11] Caph. My eyes have failed with weeping, my bowels are troubled: my liver is poured out upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my people, when the children, and the sucklings, fainted away in the streets of the city.

CAPH. Defecerunt prae lacrimis oculi mei, conturbata sunt viscera mea; effusum est in terra jecur meum super contritione filiae populi mei, cum deficeret parvulus et lactens in plateis oppidi.

[12] Lamed. They said to their mothers: Where is corn and wine? when they fainted away as the wounded in the streets of the city: when they breathed out their souls in the bosoms of their mothers.

LAMED. Matribus suis dixerunt : Ubi est triticum et vinum? cum deficerent quasi vulnerati in plateis civitatis, cum exhalarent animas suas in sinu matrum suarum.

[13] Mem. To what shall I compare thee? or to what shall I liken thee, O daughter of Jerusalem? to what shall I equal thee, that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Sion? for great as the sea is thy destruction: who shall heal thee?

MEM. Cui comparabo te, vel cui assimilabo te, filia Jerusalem? cui exaequabo te, et consolabor te, virgo, filia Sion? magna est enim velut mare contritio tua : quis medebitur tui?

[14] Nun. Thy prophets have seen false and foolish things for thee: and they have not laid open thy iniquity, to excite thee to penance: but they have seen for thee false revelations and banishments.

NUN. Prophetae tui viderunt tibi falsa et stulta; nec aperiebant iniquitatem tuam, ut te ad poenitentiam provocarent; viderunt autem tibi assumptiones falsas, et ejectiones.

[15] Samech. All they that passed by the way have clapped their hands at thee: they have hissed, and wagged their heads at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying: Is this the city of perfect beauty, the joy of all the earth?

SAMECH. Plauserunt super te manibus omnes transeuntes per viam; sibilaverunt et moverunt caput suum super filiam Jerusalem : Haeccine est urbs, dicentes, perfecti decoris, gaudium universae terrae?

[16] Phe. All thy enemies have opened their mouth against thee: they have hissed, and gnashed with the teeth, and have said: We will swallow her up: lo, this is the day which we looked for: we have found it, we have seen it.

PHE. Aperuerunt super te os suum omnes inimici tui : sibilaverunt, et fremuerunt dentibus, et dixerunt : Devorabimus : en ista est dies quam exspectabamus; invenimus, vidimus.

[17] Ain. The Lord hath done that which he purposed, he hath fulfilled his word, which he commanded in the days of old: he hath destroyed, and hath not spared, and he hath caused the enemy to rejoice over thee, and hath set up the horn of thy adversaries.

AIN. Fecit Dominus quae cogitavit; complevit sermonem suum, quem praeceperat a diebus antiquis : destruxit, et non pepercit, et laetificavit super te inimicum, et exaltavit cornu hostium tuorum.

[18] Sade. Their heart cried to the Lord upon the walls of the daughter of Sion: Let tears run down like a torrent day and night: give thyself no rest, and let not the apple of thy eye cease.

SADE. Clamavit cor eorum ad Dominum super muros filiae Sion : Deduc quasi torrentem lacrimas per diem et noctem; non des requiem tibi, neque taceat pupilla oculi tui.

[19] Coph. Arise, give praise in the night, in the beginning of the watches: pour out thy heart like water before the face of the Lord: lift up thy hands to him for the life of thy little children, that have fainted for hunger at the top of all the streets.

COPH. Consurge, lauda in nocte, in principio vigiliarum; effunde sicut aquam cor tuum ante conspectum Domini : leva ad eum manus tuas pro anima parvulorum tuorum, qui defecerunt in fame in capite omnium compitorum.

[20] Res. Behold, O Lord, and consider whom thou hast thus dealt with: shall women then eat their own fruit, their children of a span long? shall the priest and the prophet be slain in the sanctuary of the Lord?

RES. Vide, Domine, et considera quem vindemiaveris ita. Ergone comedent mulieres fructum suum, parvulos ad mensuram palmae? si occiditur in sanctuario Domini sacerdos et propheta?

[21] Sin. The child and the old man lie without on the ground: my virgins and my young men are fallen by the sword: thou hast slain them in the day of thy wrath: thou hast killed, and shewn them no pity.

SIN. Jacuerunt in terra foris puer et senex; virgines meae et juvenes mei ceciderunt in gladio : interfecisti in die furoris tui, percussisti, nec misertus es.

[22] Thau. Thou hast called as to a festival, those that should terrify me round about, and there was none in the day of the wrath of the Lord that escaped and was left: those that I brought up, and nourished, my enemy hath consumed them.

THAU. Vocasti quasi ad diem solemnem, qui terrerent me de circuitu; et non fuit in die furoris Domini qui effugeret, et relinqueretur : quos educavi et enutrivi, inimicus meus consumpsit eos.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Obscurity. He continues to bewail the misery of Jerusalem. --- Heaven, the highest glory. Is. xiv. 12. --- Stool; the temple, and the land. The ark fell not into the hands of the enemy. C. --- The punishment which the Lord permits, is justly ascribed to Him. W.

Ver. 2. Unclean, or treated it as such. C. --- Sept. "he hath accounted profane the kings." H. --- Joakim, Jechonias, Sedecias, and the royal family, were exposed to the greatest ignominy and sufferings. C.

Ver. 3. Horn: beauty and power, (H.) the two kingdoms, the fortresses, (C.) and all their strength, denoted by horns. W. --- Hand; refusing us protection, and aiding the Chaldees.

Ver. 5. Women, suffering them to be abused. C. v. 11. 13.

Ver. 6. Tent: the temple, with the same indifference as if it had been a hut, built to guard the fruit of a garden. Is. v. 5. Ps. lxxix. 13. --- Sabbaths. The Jews rested, but could offer no sacrifices in captivity. --- Priest. Saraias was slain, and Sedecias imprisoned, &c. C. lii. 10. C.

Ver. 7. Cursed, or suffered it to be polluted, (W.) as he looked on it with horror, after it had been profaned by Achaz, &c. --- Towers. Sept. "palaces;" barewn. --- Feast. What a contrast! The temple used to resound with songs of praise and music: the Chaldees fill it with insolent shouts of victory.

Ver. 8. Line, to level it with the ground, (Is. xxxiv. 11. C.) or to treat it with just severity. Theod. --- Bulwark. Lit. "the first wall," (H.) or ditch, lined with palisades. Alexander ordered the towers to be levelled, and the horses' manes to be cut, when Hephæstion died, to denote the general sorrow.

Ver. 9. Among, as slaves, or in prison. --- Law has been neglected; and now it cannot be observed, as to the ceremonial part. There are no public instructions. --- No vision. When Jeremias was consulted, he had to pray for ten days. C. xlii. 7.

Ver. 10. Ancients, even magistrates. C. --- Canitiem multo deformat pulvere. Æn. x.

Ver. 11. Earth, by an overflowing of the bile, occasioned by grief. Job xvi. 14. C.

Ver. 13. Sea. This is an hyperbole, to express the greatness of sorrow, as the sea surpasses all other waters. W.

Ver. 14. Revelations. Heb. Masoth, "burdens" for the enemy. This sentence ought to come before and they, &c. as it is in the Vulg. H.

Ver. 16. Mouth, with scorn. Is. lvii. 4. Ps. xxxiv. 21.

Ver. 17. Old, by Moses, (Deut. xxviii. 15. 49. Lev. xxvi. 14.) Micheas, (C. xxvi. 18.) Holda, &c. C.

Ver. 18. Upon. Heb. and Sept. "O wall," &c. v. 8. H.

Ver. 19. Watches. Jerusalem is here represented in the midst of danger and misery. C.

Ver. 20. Dealt. Lit. "gathered grapes." C. i. 12. H. - Long; quite small. Ps. xxxviii. 9. This has been denounced, C. xix. 9. Deut. xxviii. 53. C. It took place at Samaria, and in the last siege of Jerusalem, (Jos. Bel. vii. and viii. W.) as well as at this time. H.

Ver. 21. Killed. Lit. "stricken" (H.) with unusual severity. W.

Ver. 22. About. The troops of the enemy resemble those multitudes, which come from all parts to Jerusalem. Many kings could not raise such an army. C.

#book of lamentations

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