#LED Exit Sign Board Manufacturer in India

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Illuminating Signs Market to Witness Huge Growth by 2027

Illuminating Signs Market: Introduction

Signage is an integral part of any business. It aids the presence of any business by highlighting the services, products etc. Throughout the day signs keep customers alert about the offerings, but it is difficult to read and understand the same sign during night time. Darkness reduces the visibility of the sign board, indirectly affecting business. Illuminated signs give value addition to the business, keep customers prompt and alert about the various offerings throughout the entire day and an effective decorative illumination on a sign reflects the strength of the business and lures many customers. New technologies have emerged which improve the quality of the illumination. Now-a-days, LED technology is opted which not only helps scrolling message signs but it can be used as a light source as well thereby giving pleasant lighting effects. They also consume less energy thereby saving costs. Illuminating signs helps in advertising any business features, products, services and USPs. Moreover, they give clarity on a particular topic. They are also used on highways to guide the vehicles through night and day in order to avoid accidents.

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Illuminating Signs Market: Types

There are various types of illuminating signs. They are classified based on the illumination. Incandescence, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, fluorescence, cathodoluminescence, radioluminiscence and phosphorescence are few of the types of illumination used. In electroluminescence lighting is obtained when strong electric field or electric current is passed in typical select materials, especially semiconductors. Examples are LED (Light Emitting Diodes) and LEC (Light Emitting Capacitors). They have longer life and are energy efficient; however their lower light output limits their uses. Cold Cathode lamps give light owing to the fluorescence that occurs when the phosphor coating is exposed to UV radiation. They are similar to fluorescent lamps, but a main difference being that the cathodes used in cold cathode lamps are bot electrically heated. Examples are CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps) and Neon Lamps. Fluorescent Lamps create light owing to the fluorescence that occurs when the phosphor coating is exposed to UV radiation, same as cold cathode lamps. LFL (Linear Fluorescent Lamps) and CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) are few examples. High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps give light via electric arc discharge which takes place when the metal salts and gas in a transparent arc get ionized by using a pulse of high voltage across the entire lamp and between two tungsten electrodes. These type of lamps are more efficient than fluorescent. Mercury vapour lamps, ceramic metal halide, low pressure sodium lamps etc., are few examples. Halogen lamps are also used which produce light through incandescence. They have longer life span and greater efficiency. Radio luminescent lamps generate illumination when a radiation particle like an electron is emitted via beta decay through gaseous tritium and collides with a molecule or an atom. It creates fluorescent light. Photo luminescent products generate illumination by absorbing photons and then re-emitting them. Generally the source is ambient light. This type of illumination is used in “Glow in the dark” signs, marking and tapes.

Illuminating Signs Market: Advantages and Disadvantages

There are several advantages of illuminating signs. The use of illuminating signs is seen in various industries such as automotive, manufacturing, medical, road construction etc. They give catchy look to the signage, increasing the intensity of the purpose of that signage. The affordability of different illuminations used and their respective advantages has increased the adoption of illuminated signs dramatically. The message delivered will be clear and will create a good impact on the customers. Any news or new features that it reflects will be remembered by the individual owing to the attractiveness of the signage. Illuminated signs help business that open late or close late. Illuminated sign can take a business to a level, standing out from the competition, attracting more people and arousing interest of people. It gives a shape to the activities, strengthens visibility and improves credibility. They can be used indoors as well. To sum up the advantages, illuminating signs catch customer attention even from long distances, give better visibility and strengthens overall appearance and credibility.

Disadvantages of illuminating signs are:

They are costlier than non-illuminating signs. New material used in illuminating signs eats up more costs as compared to the non-illuminating ones

Uses electricity adding to costs

Requires maintenance; moreover if the sign get damaged there is huge cost of replacement and it depends upon the type of illumination used; thereby it is essential to maintain them

Even though they have these cost related limitations, they can raise the ROI of any business, making these costs redundant.

Illuminating Signs Market: Companies

The manufacturers of illuminating signs are UL, Alpha Lewis Signs, Scope Graphics, Exit Light Company, Signarama, Osram Group and NES Solutions.

The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology, types, and applications.

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The regional analysis covers:

North America (U.S. and Canada)

Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Chile, and others)

Western Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Spain, Italy, Nordic countries, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg)

Eastern Europe (Poland and Russia)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand)

Middle East and Africa (GCC, Southern Africa, and North Africa)

The report has been compiled through extensive primary research (through interviews, surveys, and observations of seasoned analysts) and secondary research (which entails reputable paid sources, trade journals, and industry body databases). The report also features a complete qualitative and quantitative assessment by analyzing data gathered from industry analysts and market participants across key points in the industry’s value chain.

A separate analysis of prevailing trends in the parent market, macro- and micro-economic indicators, and regulations and mandates is included under the purview of the study. By doing so, the report projects the attractiveness of each major segment over the forecast period.

Highlights of the report:

A complete backdrop analysis, which includes an assessment of the parent market

Important changes in market dynamics

Market segmentation up to the second or third level

Historical, current, and projected size of the market from the standpoint of both value and volume

Reporting and evaluation of recent industry developments

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Note: Although care has been taken to maintain the highest levels of accuracy in TMR’s reports, recent market/vendor-specific changes may take time to reflect in the analysis.

This study by TMR is all-encompassing framework of the dynamics of the market. It mainly comprises critical assessment of consumers' or customers' journeys, current and emerging avenues, and strategic framework to enable CXOs take effective decisions.

Our key underpinning is the 4-Quadrant Framework EIRS that offers detailed visualization of four elements:

Customer Experience Maps

Insights and Tools based on data-driven research

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The study strives to evaluate the current and future growth prospects, untapped avenues, factors shaping their revenue potential, and demand and consumption patterns in the global market by breaking it into region-wise assessment.

The following regional segments are covered comprehensively:

North America

Asia Pacific

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Latin America

The Middle East and Africa

The EIRS quadrant framework in the report sums up our wide spectrum of data-driven research and advisory for CXOs to help them make better decisions for their businesses and stay as leaders.

Below is a snapshot of these quadrants.

1. Customer Experience Map

The study offers an in-depth assessment of various customers’ journeys pertinent to the market and its segments. It offers various customer impressions about the products and service use. The analysis takes a closer look at their pain points and fears across various customer touchpoints. The consultation and business intelligence solutions will help interested stakeholders, including CXOs, define customer experience maps tailored to their needs. This will help them aim at boosting customer engagement with their brands.

2. Insights and Tools

The various insights in the study are based on elaborate cycles of primary and secondary research the analysts engage with during the course of research. The analysts and expert advisors at TMR adopt industry-wide, quantitative customer insights tools and market projection methodologies to arrive at results, which makes them reliable. The study not just offers estimations and projections, but also an uncluttered evaluation of these figures on the market dynamics. These insights merge data-driven research framework with qualitative consultations for business owners, CXOs, policy makers, and investors. The insights will also help their customers overcome their fears.

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The findings presented in this study by TMR are an indispensable guide for meeting all business priorities, including mission-critical ones. The results when implemented have shown tangible benefits to business stakeholders and industry entities to boost their performance. The results are tailored to fit the individual strategic framework. The study also illustrates some of the recent case studies on solving various problems by companies they faced in their consolidation journey.

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The study equips businesses and anyone interested in the market to frame broad strategic frameworks. This has become more important than ever, given the current uncertainty due to COVID-19. The study deliberates on consultations to overcome various such past disruptions and foresees new ones to boost the preparedness. The frameworks help businesses plan their strategic alignments for recovery from such disruptive trends. Further, analysts at TMR helps you break down the complex scenario and bring resiliency in uncertain times.

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The report sheds light on various aspects and answers pertinent questions on the market. Some of the important ones are:

1. What can be the best investment choices for venturing into new product and service lines?

2. What value propositions should businesses aim at while making new research and development funding?

3. Which regulations will be most helpful for stakeholders to boost their supply chain network?

4. Which regions might see the demand maturing in certain segments in near future?

5. What are the some of the best cost optimization strategies with vendors that some well-entrenched players have gained success with?

6. Which are the key perspectives that the C-suite are leveraging to move businesses to new growth trajectory?

7. Which government regulations might challenge the status of key regional markets?

8. How will the emerging political and economic scenario affect opportunities in key growth areas?

9. What are some of the value-grab opportunities in various segments?

10. What will be the barrier to entry for new players in the market?

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How Obama’s climate change legacy is weakened by US investment in dirty fuel

Exclusive: an agency inside the Obama administration poured billions into fossil fuel projects that will lead to global carbon emissions on a damaging scale

President Barack Obama has staked his legacy on the environment, positioning his government as the most progressive on climate change in US history.

However, an obscure agency within his own administration has softly spoiled his record by helping fund a steady outpouring of new overseas fossil fuel emissions effectively erasing gains expected from his headline clean power scheme or gasoline efficiency standards.

Since January 2009, the US Export-Import Bank has signed nearly $34 bn worth of low-interest loans and guarantees to companies and foreign governments to build, expand and promote fossil fuel projects abroad.

Thats about three times more financing than the taxpayer-backed bank provided during George W Bushs two words, and virtually twice the amount financed under loans and guarantees under the administrations of Ronald Reagan, George HW Bush and Bill Clinton combined.

George Bush Barack Obama EXIM Bank money chart

The bank, which operates within Obamas administration, offer US exporters with financing to sell goods and services overseas. Bank officials say it supports US jobs and fills a financing gap by allowing companies to access funding when private lenders will not.

Since 2009, it has financed 70 fossil fuel projects. When they are all completed and operating at full capability, the bank calculates they will push 164 m metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year about the same output as the 95 currently operating coal-fired power plants in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Oklahoma.

A coal train stops near a power plant near Redfield, Arkansas. Photograph: Danny Johnston/ AP

That number does not include emissions from the numerous foundries, mines and smelters the bank also has financed around the world since 2009 , nor does it include more than 600 transactions listed in the banks authorization database, in which the product or export is labeled as N/ A, constructing it impossible to estimation the true sizing and magnitude of the banks carbon footprint.

The findings come after Guardian US and Columbia Universitys Graduate School of Journalisms Energy& Environmental Reporting Project expended nearly six months viewing documents and data released under the Freedom of Information Act. The investigation squad examined tens of thousands of bank transactions, interviewed dozens of sources, and examined scores of government, watchdog and academic reports showing how the 82 -year-old bank has undercut the presidents environmental legacy.

Since 2014, the bank has made an effort to become more climate-conscious. Indeed, the vast majority of the banks fossil fuel financing took place before December 2013, when it adopted the presidents climate action plan and announced its intention to stop financing coal in all but the poorest countries.

Curtis Island locator map

But environmental critics say that in its zeal to increase exports after the 2008 financial crisis, the bank which financed the construction of two liquid natural gas plants on an island in the Great Barrier Reef, two of the largest coalmines on the planet, and more than a dozen refineries and petrochemical plants in countries such as Saudi Arabia, India and Turkey has put a permanent stain on the presidents environmental legacy.

There is a tension between Obamas strong efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand and some of its lending activities abroad, said Michael Gerrard, director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University.

Our investigation shows the presidents domestic climate policies, including the 1.1 bn ton carbon reduction promised with his new vehicle engine efficiency standards and the 2.5 bn ton carbon savings the pending clean power plan is estimated to make, will largely be erased by the banks overseas emissions.

EXIM Bank Clean Power Plan emissions chart

The bank which a growing number of Republican members of Congress resist, viewing it as a emblem of government largesse and corporate welfare is almost universally been endorsed by Democrats, who see it as a undertaking manufacturer and economic leveler for US exporters in the world markets, who must vie against foreign companies financed by their own countrys exportation banks.

However, our findings show that not only does the bank contravene Democrat environmental platform to reduce carbon emissions, but more than 28% of the banks long-term loan financing since 2009 has supported foreign-owned exporters that directly compete with US companies including virtually $540 m to Caterpillars biggest foreign competitor, the Japanese-owned Komatsu, to build a copper mine in Mongolia.

At a time when we need to boldly transform our energy system away from fossil fuels and into energy efficiency and sustainable energies, the last thing we should be doing is corporate welfare to some of the biggest polluters on countries around the world, said Senator Bernie Sanders, who opposes the bank.

How it works

The Export-Import Bank was established in 1934 by executive order from Franklin D Roosevelt to support the exchange of goods to and from the United States. Today, it provides insurance, working capital, loan guarantees and low-interest loans to US exporters, as well as overseas firms employing American-made goods.

The bank is self-sustaining and returns any surplus to the treasury, which was about $280 m in 2016.

Nkosinathi Mkhwanazi and daughter Joy at the Kayalethu settlement near a power station in South Africa. Photo: James Oatway for the Guardian

Since 1 January 2009 the bank has authorized more than 25,000 transactions worth more than $170 bn total. Virtually 80% are insurance bargains in which the bank insures a US exporter against nonpayment from a foreign country or company. In some occurrences, it is difficult to determine for whom or for what purpose the insurance policy was made.

However, the majority of authorizations 68% or $116 bn are in the form of taxpayer-backed loans and guarantees, which is usually go to foreign borrowers to use the services of American exporters.

For instance, in 2012, the bank loaned virtually$ 5bn to Dow Chemical and the Saudi Arabian state-owned oil and gas company, Saudi Aramco, to hired the Swiss engineering firm, ABB and additional exporters to build a power boiler and hot exchanger for a new petrochemical plant in Saudi Arabia. ABB manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania and Oklahoma engineered the proportions. Other multibillion-dollar financing included$ 3bn in loans to a consortium led by ExxonMobil to build a liquid natural gas plant in the Papua New Guinea highlands, and $2.8 bn in loans for the construction of a refinery in Colombia.

EXIM Bank top dollar projects chart

Greenhouse gas investments

Since Obama became president in 2009, overall financing by the bank has nearly doubled, going from about $13 bn a year under President George W Bush, to an average of $25 bn during Obamas eight years. Yet, according to our investigation, investments in overseas fossil fuel projects have tripled under Obama.

When President Obama got elected we had great hopes, said Douglas Norlen, director of economic policy for Friends of the Earth US. And then we watched Ex-Ims fossil fuel financing skyrocket. We thought the situation was going to improve under Obama. We had no notion it was going to be far worse.

Sasan Power Plant locator map

Included in these transactions are two of the largest coal-fired power plant on the planet: Eskoms Kusile power plant in South Africa and Reliance Energys Sasan plant, with combined yearly carbon emissions of more than 56 m tons.

Kusile Power Plant locator map

To set that into perspective, the average US coal-fired power plant renders 3.5 m tons of carbon dioxide every year, with the largest, the James H Miller Jr plant in Alabama, making 19 m tons a year, in agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency.

Bank officers say both overall and fossil fuel-related fund increased in the Obama years as a result of the economic downturn and a concurrent boom in commodities, which precipitated an interest in big projects, including mining, power and petrochemical facilities, said Caroline Scullin, the banks senior vice-president of communications.

During the presidents 2010 State of the Union address, he pledged to doubled exportations over the following five years. In answer, the bank, which supports about 2% of the countrys exportations, identified fossil fuel and extractive industries as areas for growth.

Financing jumped from $2.9 bn in 2009, when Obama took office, to a peak of $10 bn in 2013.

Between 2009 and 2015, transactions included 28 loans and guarantees worth $8.5 bn to the Mexican state-owned petroleum company, Petrleos Mexicanos, for exploration and drilling, as well as $1.5 bn for gold, iron ore and copper mining in Mongolia, Ukraine and the Dominican Republic.

Barack Obama discusses the effects of climate change at Exit Glacier in Seward, Alaska. Photo: Andrew Harnik/ AP

The bank was blocked from attaining new investments in July 2015, when Congress let its charter expire. And although the House and Senate voted overwhelmingly to reauthorize the bank five months ago, it was down to two board members and unable to approve transactions larger than $10 m.

Senator Richard Shelby, a Republican from Alabama and chairman of the Senate committee on banking, housing and urban affairs, has refused to hold hearings for new committee appointees, saying he will continue to fight against any congressional action that would allow the bank to resume its role as an engine of corporate welfare.

Congress is now go looking for ways to circumvent Shelbys blockade, a move that may happen before 9 December.

According to the banks website, potential projects include more dirty ga investments a coal-fired plant in Vietnam, a petroleum refinery in Kazakhstan and power plant in Pakistan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Obamas green legacy undermined

Obamas efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the US are indisputable and include new fuel economy the criteria for autoes and trucks estimated to reduce carbon emissions by 1.1 bn tons and his signature clean power scheme, which, if enacted, will reduce the nations carbon dioxide output to 32% below 2005 levels.

His administration has also shown international leadership and invested in global attempts, including$ 3bn towards the Green Climate Fund, a alliance designed to help developing nations invest in low-emission energy sources and climate-resilient development.

Mangroves at high tide on the western side of Curtis Island, the same side as a liquified natural gas plant in Australia. Photo: Matthew Abbott for the Guardian

It is unclear how these efforts will fare under Donald Trumps presidency. He has called climate change a hoax and has promised to cancel the Paris climate deal, which aims to hold the planets temperature from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Despite Obamas attempts, our investigation shows the Ex-Im Banks $ 34 bn financing of overseas fossil fuel coal plants, refineries and pipelines undermines the carbon savings made by his ga efficiency standards and clean power plan.

Using information from the Energy Information Administration, if the clean power scheme were legislated this year, over the next 15 years it would reduce US carbon emissions by about 2.5 bn tons. That is nearly the same number that the Ex-Im Banks overseas fossil fuel projects will produce over 15 years, assuming they were all running at full capacity.

While emissions supported by the bank arent counted toward US totals, their impact on climate change is identical whether they flowing from a smokestack in Kentucky or South Africa.

One unfortunate facet of the present international climate change regime is that only a countrys own emissions within its borders count in its emissions inventories, said Gerrard, the Columbia University law professor. Those emissions go on the inventories of the countries where the pollution passes, even though they have global impacts.

Eskoms Kusile power plant in South Africa. Photograph: James Oatway for the Guardian

Both the bank and the White House took issue with our findings.

John Morton, the National Security Councils senior director for climate and energy, said: Comparing projected emissions of Ex-Im-supported projects internationally to the emissions avoided by the clean power scheme is at best an apples to oranges comparison, and at the worst purposely misleading. The clean power plan is projected to reduce emissions in the United States off of a particular business-as-usual baseline. This analysis includes no equivalent baseline, and therefore disregards the fact that without Ex-Im support, the vast majority of these projects would have been built with less efficient and higher polluting technologies, meaning more pollution than without Ex-Im action.

He said 90% of the projected emissions came from projects financed in the early years of the Obama administration, before the presidents climate action plan was announced in 2013, adding: The real story here is in the leadership that the president and the Ex-Im Bank have shown in adopting a policy to restrict financing for new coal-fired power plants overseas.

The committee financed virtually$ 2bn billion in clean energy projects since 2009, including virtually 30 solar energy projects in India and South Korea. Photograph: Sidharth M Vhavle

Scullin, the banks spokesperson, said our analysis overstated the banks emissions because the numbers the bank reports represent the total estimated carbon contribution from a project , not just the portions it financed.For instance, because the bank financed simply the furnaces and ovens in the Star oil refinery in Turkey, she argued that it should not be accountable for all 2m metric tons of greenhouse gases emitted every year by the refinery.

Norlen, of Friends of the Earth, said Morton and Scullins arguments were weak, disingenuous and minimise the banks impact.

The banks presence makes these projects more palatable to other financial institutions, he said, providing the financial security and foundation for other credit agencies and banks to come on board.

Bank officers also said that despite their funding of fossil fuel projects, “theyre on” the forefront of advancing green and climate-friendly policies.

In 1999, the US Export-Import Bank was the first exportation credit bureau to track carbon emissions from its financed projects, and in 2013, acting on Obamas climate action plan, bank officers announced they would stop investing in coal plants except in the poorest countries, including Bangladesh, Mozambique and Rwanda, or in middle-income income countries, such as Papua New Guinea and Vietnam. The investments would also be contingent on emissions being captured.

Officials note that one-third of the banks emissions are attributable to the two mega-coal plants financed before adopting Obamas climate plan, and since then, projected emissions have fallen.

However, according to the banks website, a new coal plant in Vietnam is being considered for financing, along with a natural gas plant in Mozambique is forecast to emit more than 5m tons of greenhouse gases every year and a petrochemical complex in Egypt that is projected to annually emit 3m tons.

Barack Obama looks at Bear Glacier, which has receded 1.8 miles in approximately 100 years, while on a barge tour to watch the effects of global warming in Alaska. Photograph: Andrew Harnik/ AP

Bank officials note they have also increased financing of renewable and clean energy projects under Obamas tenure 17 times more than during the Bush years. According to the banks data and annual reports, the board financed virtually$ 2bn in clean energy projects since 2009, including about three dozen breeze projects in countries such as Mexico, Peru and Honduras and virtually 30 solar energy projects in India and South Korea.

The bank is committed to advancing global efforts toward renewable and sustained energy and power, said Scullin, the banks spokeswoman. We also recognize as do the other 200 signatories of the landmark Paris climate agreement that countries have different and sometimes pressing be required for power and energy investments.

An uncertain future

In recent years, the bank has gratified growing resistance from members of the House and Senate who see it as an instrument of corporate welfare, providing billions of low-interest, taxpayer-backed loans and guarantees to major corporations such as Boeing, General Electric and Caterpillar.

Since 2009, seven of the banks 10 largest bargains went to oil and gas giants, including ExxonMobil, BG Energy Holdings which is now part of Royal Dutch Shell and Australia Pacific LNG. Among these was a $1.3 bn loan to Petrleos Mexicanos, which contracted with the misleadingly named exporter, Solar Turbines a San Diego-based gas turbine fabricate for oil and gas field services.

In addition, a review of the banks loans suggests that virtually$ 9bn almost 28% of all loans went to foreign-owned exporters, many of which are direct challengers of US-based companies.

For instance, the bank virtually $540 m for Turquoise Hill Resources, a Canadian mining company, to buy equipment from Japanese-headquartered Komatsu America, a direct competitor of Caterpillar. And between 2012 and 2015, the bank provided companies in Saudi Arabia and Peru more than $600 m to buy steam, gas and wind turbines from German-headquartered Siemens Energy. Siemens is a direct competitor of General Electric.

In both cases, fabricating took place in the United States.

The banks focus is chores supported in the US regardless of the ownership of the corporate parent, Scullin said. When Siemens or any other foreign company manufactures in the US and provides tasks to American workers, we will finance the export of the American-made products. When they fabricate in Germany, we wont finance.

Bank officers say they have supported 1.4 m chores since 2009. However, phone calls to about 80 US exporters affiliated with more than 20 large fossil fuel projects revealed few keep statistics tracking chores tied to bank financing. Of the nine companies that responded to requests for jobs numbers, only 4 companies reported that jobs were created or supported because of the bank. One said no chores were created, three said there was no way to estimate, and one declined to offer any speculation.

Scullin says the bank use a methodology approved by the Government Accountability Office to estimate tasks numbers, which includes not just tasks made directly by the financing, but downstream, indirect ones as well.

The banks future is unclear. While it enjoys majority support from Congress, a growing number are questioning its mission. And Trump has called it featherbedding for select politicians and companies.

Nearly$ 9bn almost 28% of all loans went to foreign-owned exporters, many of which are direct competitors of US-based companies. Photo: Sidharth M Vhavle

Whether it lasts beyond 2019, when Congress debates reauthorization again, is uncertain. What is certain is that the greenhouse gases it financed with US taxpayer support will be with us for centuries.

Coming tomorrow: potential impacts around the world

Sonali Prasad, Hannah Furfaro, Eduardo Garcia and Gilda Di Carli contributed to this report

The Energy and Environmental Reporting Project is supported by the Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Fund, Energy Foundation, Open Society Foundations, Rockefeller Friend Fund, Rockefeller Family Fund, Lorana Sullivan Foundation and the Tellus Mater Foundation. The funders have no involvement in or influence over the articles produced by project fellows in collaboration with Guardian US

Read more: www.theguardian.com

The post How Obama’s climate change legacy is weakened by US investment in dirty fuel appeared first on Top Rated Solar Panels.

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LED Exit Sign Boards for Emergency

Get More Details:

Call: +91 8447837348

Email: info@signved.com

Visit: LED Exit Signage Board Manufacturer in India

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Why Night Glow Exit Signage Are Commonly Used At Various Streets.

The night glow exit signage is designed for emergencies they produce light at night and absorb light during the day. They increase visibility and shine. They are created on both ACP and sunboard. The exit signs also come with LED exit signs. These signages are made by Star Lite. You can get them in bulk. Our products are quality-driven and at the best price. The night glows are made in bulk. They are printed and then pasted on the sheet. The exit signs are very important for safe exits in case of dangerous hazards. Exit signage is very popular because they are used everywhere where there is a need to ensure safety for people.

The Importance of Using These Night Glow Exit Signage.

The night glow exit is lightweight.

They are durable and weather-resistant.

They are used for emergency purposes. 

The night glow exits are used for safe exits.

The night glow exits increase visibility at night.

They can easily absorb light during the day.

The nightglow signage is pasted on walls.

They are suitable for any surface.

These night glow signage come in both ACP and sunboard.

The night glow exits are for visibility from a very far distance.

The night glow exit signage is mostly sold by our company Star Lite. They are the manufacturers of night glow signage. We are the wholesaler and manufacturer of many signages including led exit signage. You can buy various signage products. The night glow exit signage is designed on software, printed on a quality machine, and then pasted on an ACP sheet and sun board, respectively. They are all sold all across India.

Benefits of Night Glow Exit Signage.

They are night glow exit signage and glow at night.

They provide visibility in the dark.

These are easily be seen from a very far distance.

The night glows are used to highlight important information.

They protect you from dangerous hazards.

The night glow exit signage is reasonable and affordable.

The night glow signage is printable.

They can be pasted very easily with double tape

These night glow signage are sold in bulk.

The night glow signage is exported all over India.

Where Can You Buy Night Glow Exit Signage In India?

The night glow exit signage is manufactured by a very well-known company Star Lite. They are wholesalers and suppliers of signage. Our company is also known as signved. As our website is signved you can get various products on our website related to signages. We provide you with products all over India. The night glow exit signage is made by our skilled workers. We provide you with premium quality products. The price of our signage is very reasonable and affordable.

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Modular Signage That Set Your Business Apart

Getting from point A to point B in today’s modern offices can be surprisingly complicated. This is where way finding modular signage comes in, helping employees and visitors navigate the maze of hallways and meeting rooms. In addition to helping people find their way, modular signage manufacturer contributes to making the workplace environment more comfortable, safer, and more welcoming.

What is the Modular Signage?

Modular Signage a modular sign is an integral part of environmental graphic design, which guides people through the physical environment and enhances their understanding and experience of the place. These signs help navigate complex spaces, such as office buildings, campuses, hospitals and urban centers, by providing clear directions, information and identification of different locations within the area.

Modular signage include a variety of types, including directional signs that point the way to specific destinations, informational signs that provide details about the environment and its services, identification signs that mark special places or areas, and regulatory signs that inform about the rules and guidelines of the place.

Effective modular signs are functional, guiding users to their destination easily and aesthetically, contributing to the overall ambiance of the location and reinforcing brand identity. Through strategic placement and thoughtful design, modular signs create a seamless and intuitive navigation experience, reducing confusion and enhancing the usability of the location.

4 Types of Modular Signage

Curve Modular Signs:

Curve Modular signage, often considered the backbone of modular signage systems, are crucial in navigating complex office layouts. These signs serve as visual guides, leading employees and visitors through complex spaces with clarity and ease. They are strategically placed at key decision points such as entrances, hallways, and intersections, where people will need guidance on how to proceed.

2. Flat Modular Signage:

Informational signs serve as the communication layer in an office Flat Modular signage system, providing essential details that assist individuals in understanding their surroundings and the services available to them. Unlike directional signs, which guide people to their destination, informational signs provide context and specificity about an office location, increasing employee satisfaction and visitor experience by providing clarity and reducing uncertainty.

3. Sliding Modular Signage:

Nowadays this type of Sliding Modular signage can include a wide range of information for presence, from office layout and hospital functionality to general office and hospitals rules, hours of operation and amenities. For example, informational signage can indicate the location of the cafeteria.

4. Double Side Wall Projected Modular Signage:

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How Obama’s climate change legacy is weakened by US investment in dirty ga

Exclusive: an bureau inside the Obama administration poured billions into fossil fuel projects that will lead to global carbon emissions on a damaging scale

President Barack Obama has staked his legacy on the environment, positioning his administration as the most progressive on climate change in US history.

However, an obscure bureau within his own administration has quietly spoiled his record by helping fund a steady outpouring of new overseas fossil fuel emissions effectively erasing gains expected from his headline clean power scheme or fuel efficiency standards.

Since January 2009, the US Export-Import Bank has signed virtually $34 bn worth of low-interest loans and guarantees to companies and foreign governments to build, expand and promote fossil fuel projects abroad.

Thats about three times more financing than the taxpayer-backed bank provided during George W Bushs two words, and nearly twice the amount financed with loans and guarantees under the administrations of Ronald Reagan, George HW Bush and Bill Clinton combined.

George Bush Barack Obama EXIM Bank money chart

The bank, which operates within Obamas administration, offer US exporters with financing to sell goods and services overseas. Bank officers say it supports US jobs and fills a financing gap by allowing companies to access fund when private lenders will not.

Since 2009, it has financed 70 fossil fuel projects. When they are all completed and operating at full capability, the bank estimations they will push 164 m metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year about the same output as the 95 currently operating coal-fired power plants in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Oklahoma.

A coal train stops near a power plant near Redfield, Arkansas. Photo: Danny Johnston/ AP

That number does not include emissions from the numerous foundries, mines and smelters the bank also has financed around the world since 2009 , nor does it include more than 600 transactions listed in the banks authorization database, in which the product or exportation is labeled as N/ A, stimulating it impossible to estimate the true sizing and extent of the banks carbon footprint.

The findings come after Guardian US and Columbia Universitys Graduate School of Journalisms Energy& Environmental Reporting Project spent nearly six months viewing documents and data released for the purposes of the Freedom of Information Act. The investigation squad studied tens of thousands of bank transactions, interviewed dozens of sources, and examined scores of government, watchdog and academic reports showing how the 82 -year-old bank has undercut the presidents environmental legacy.

Since 2014, the bank has made an effort to become more climate-conscious. Indeed, the vast majority of the banks fossil fuel financing took place before December 2013, when it adopted the presidents climate action plan and announced its intention to stop financing coal in all but the poorest countries.

Curtis Island locator map

But environmental critics say that in its zeal to increase exportations after the 2008 financial crisis, the bank which financed the construction of two liquid natural gas plants on an island in the Great Barrier Reef, two of the largest coalmines on countries around the world, and more than a dozen refineries and petrochemical plants in countries such as Saudi Arabia, India and Turkey has put a permanent stain on the presidents environmental legacy.

There is a tension between Obamas strong efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand and some of its lending activities abroad, told Michael Gerrard, director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University.

Our investigation shows the presidents domestic climate policies, including the 1.1 bn ton carbon reduction promised with his new vehicle engine efficiency standards and the 2.5 bn ton carbon savings the pending clean power scheme is estimated to induce, will largely be erased by the banks overseas emissions.

EXIM Bank Clean Power Plan emissions chart

The bank which a growing number of Republican members of Congress oppose, viewing it as a emblem of government largesse and corporate welfare is almost universally supported by Democrats, who see it as a job maker and economic leveler for US exporters in the global market, who must compete against foreign companies financed by their own countrys export banks.

However, our findings show that not only does the bank infringe Democrats environmental platform to reduce carbon emissions, but more than 28% of the banks long-term loan financing since 2009 has supported foreign-owned exporters that directly compete with US companies including virtually $540 m to Caterpillars biggest foreign competitor, the Japanese-owned Komatsu, to build a copper mine in Mongolia.

At a day when we need to boldly transform our energy system away from fossil fuel and into energy efficiency and sustainable energies, the last thing we should be doing is providing corporate welfare to some of the biggest polluters on countries around the world, told Senator Bernie Sanders, who opposes the bank.

How it works

The Export-Import Bank was established in 1934 by executive order from Franklin D Roosevelt to support the exchange of goods to and from the United States. Today, it provides insurance, working capital, loan guarantees and low-interest loans to US exporters, as well as overseas corporations utilizing American-made goods.

The bank is self-sustaining and returns any surplus to the treasury, which was about $280 m in 2016.

Nkosinathi Mkhwanazi and daughter Joy at the Kayalethu settlement near a power station in South Africa. Photo: James Oatway for the Guardian

Since 1 January 2009 the bank has authorized more than 25,000 transactions worth more than $170 bn total. Nearly 80% are insurance bargains in which the bank insures a US exporter against nonpayment from a foreign country or company. In some suits, it is difficult to determine for whom or for what purpose the insurance policy was built.

However, the majority of authorizations 68% or $116 bn are in the form of taxpayer-backed loans and guarantees, which generally go to foreign borrowers to use the services of American exporters.

For instance, in 2012, the bank loaned nearly$ 5bn to Dow Chemical and the Saudi Arabian state-owned oil and gas company, Saudi Aramco, to utilized the Swiss engineering firm, ABB and additional exporters to build a power boiler and hot exchanger for a new petrochemical plant in Saudi Arabia. ABB manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania and Oklahoma engineered the portions. Other multibillion-dollar financing included$ 3bn in loans to a consortium led by ExxonMobil to build a liquid natural gas plant in the Papua New Guinea highlands, and $2.8 bn in loans for the construction of a refinery in Colombia.

EXIM Bank top dollar projects chart

Greenhouse gas investments

Since Obama became president in 2009, overall financing by the bank has nearly doubled, going from about $13 bn a year under President George W Bush, to an average of $25 bn during Obamas eight years. Yet, according to our investigation, investments in overseas fossil fuel projects have tripled under Obama.

When President Obama got elected we had great hopes, said Douglas Norlen, director of economic policy for Friends of the Earth US. And then we watched Ex-Ims fossil fuel financing skyrocket. We supposed the situation was going to improve under Obama. We had no idea it was going to be far worse.

Sasan Power Plant locator map

Included in these transactions are two of the largest coal-fired power plants on the planet: Eskoms Kusile power plant in South Africa and Reliance Energys Sasan plant, with combined yearly carbon emissions of more than 56 m tons.

Kusile Power Plant locator map

To put that into view, the average US coal-fired power plant renders 3.5 m tons of carbon dioxide every year, with the largest, the James H Miller Jr plant in Alabama, producing 19 m tons a year, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Bank officers tell both overall and fossil fuel-related fund increased in the Obama years as a result of the economic downturn and a concurrent boom in commodities, which precipitated an interest in large projects, including mining, power and petrochemical facilities, told Caroline Scullin, the banks senior vice-president of communications.

During the presidents 2010 State of the Union address, he pledged to double exports over the following five years. In answer, the bank, which supports about 2% of the countrys exportations, identified fossil fuel and extractive industries as regions for growth.

Financing jumped from $2.9 bn in 2009, when Obama took office, to a peak of $10 bn in 2013.

Between 2009 and 2015, transactions included 28 loans and guarantees worth $8.5 bn to the Mexican state-owned oil company, Petrleos Mexicanos, for exploration and drilling, as well as $1.5 bn for gold, iron ore and copper mining in Mongolia, Ukraine and the Dominican Republic.

Barack Obama discusses the effects of climate change at Exit Glacier in Seward, Alaska. Photograph: Andrew Harnik/ AP

The bank was blocked from making new investments in July 2015, when Congress let its charter expire. And although the House and Senate voted overwhelmingly to reauthorize the bank five months later, it was down to two board members and unable to approve transactions larger than $10 m.

Senator Richard Shelby, a Republican from Alabama and chairman of the Senate committee on banking, housing and urban affairs, has refused to hold hearings for new committee appointees, saying he will continue to fight against any congressional action that would allow the bank to resume its role as an engine of corporate welfare.

Congress is now looking for ways to circumvent Shelbys blockade, a move that may pas before 9 December.

According to the banks website, potential projects include more dirty ga investments a coal-fired plant in Vietnam, a petroleum refinery in Kazakhstan and power plants in Pakistan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Obamas green legacy undermined

Obamas efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the US are indisputable and include new fuel economy standards for autoes and trucks estimated to reduce carbon emissions by 1.1 bn tons and his signature clean power scheme, which, if enacted, will reduce the nations carbon dioxide output to 32% below 2005 levels.

His administration has also shown international leadership and invested in global endeavours, including$ 3bn towards the Green Climate Fund, a coalition designed to help developing nations invest in low-emission energy sources and climate-resilient development.

Mangroves at high tide on the western side of Curtis Island, the same side as a liquified natural gas plant in Australia. Photo: Matthew Abbott for the Guardian

It is unclear how these efforts will fare under Donald Trumps presidency. He has called climate change a hoax and has promised to cancel the Paris climate deal, which aims to hold the planets temperature from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Despite Obamas endeavours, our investigation shows the Ex-Im Banks $ 34 bn financial assistance of overseas fossil fuel coal plants, refineries and pipelines undermines the carbon savings made by his ga efficiency standards and clean power plan.

Using information received from the Energy Information Administration, if the clean power plan were enacted this year, over the next 15 years it would reduce US carbon emissions by about 2.5 bn tons. That is nearly the same number that the Ex-Im Banks overseas fossil fuel projects will render over 15 years, presuming they were all operating at full capacity.

While emissions supported by the bank arent counted toward US totals, their impact on climate change is identical whether they flowing from a smokestack in Kentucky or South Africa.

One unfortunate facet of the present international climate change regime is that only a countrys own emissions within its borders count in its emissions inventories, told Gerrard, the Columbia University law professor. Those emissions go on the inventories of the countries where the pollution passes, even though they have global impacts.

Eskoms Kusile power plant in South Africa. Photograph: James Oatway for the Guardian

Both the bank and the White House took issue with our findings.

John Morton, the National Security Councils senior director for climate and energy, said: Comparing projected emissions of Ex-Im-supported projects internationally to the emissions avoided by the clean power plan is at best an apples to oranges comparing, and at the worst deliberately misleading. The clean power scheme is projected to reduce emissions in the United States off of a particular business-as-usual baseline. This analysis includes no equivalent baseline, and therefore disregards the fact that without Ex-Im support, the great majority of these projects would have been built with less efficient and higher polluting technologies, entailing more pollution than without Ex-Im action.

He said 90% of the projected emissions came from projects financed in the early years of the Obama administration, before the presidents climate action plan was announced in 2013, adding: The real tale here is in the leadership that the president and the Ex-Im Bank have shown in adopting a policy to restrict financing for new coal-fired power plants overseas.

The committee financed nearly$ 2bn billion in clean energy projects since 2009, including virtually 30 solar energy projects in India and South Korea. Photo: Sidharth M Vhavle

Scullin, the banks spokeswoman, said our analysis overstated the banks emissions because the numbers the bank reports represent the total estimated carbon contribution from a project , not only the components it financed.For instance, because the bank financed merely the furnaces and ovens in the Star oil refinery in Turkey, she argued that it should not be accountable for all 2m metric tons of greenhouse gases emitted every year by the refinery.

Norlen, of Friends of the Earth, told Morton and Scullins debates were weak, disingenuous and minimized the banks impact.

The banks presence stimulates these projects more palatable to other financial institutions, he told, providing the financial security and foundation for other credit agencies and banks to come on board.

Bank officials also said that despite their funding of fossil fuel projects, “theyre on” the vanguard of advancing green and climate-friendly policies.

In 1999, the US Export-Import Bank was the first export credit bureau to track carbon emissions from its financed projects, and in 2013, acting on Obamas climate action plan, bank officers announced they would stop investing in coal plants except in the poorest countries, including Bangladesh, Mozambique and Rwanda, or in middle-income income countries, such as Papua New Guinea and Vietnam. The investments would also be contingent on emissions being captured.

Officials note that one-third of the banks emissions are attributable to the two mega-coal plants financed before adopting Obamas climate plan, and since then, projected emissions have fallen.

However, according to the banks website, a new coal plant in Vietnam is being considered for financing, along with a natural gas plant in Mozambique estimated to emit more than 5m tons of greenhouse gases every year and a petrochemical complex in Egypt that is projected to annually emit 3m tons.

Barack Obama looks at Bear Glacier, which has receded 1.8 miles in approximately 100 years, while on a barge tour to assure the effects of global warming in Alaska. Photo: Andrew Harnik/ AP

Bank officials note they have also increased financing of renewable and clean energy projects under Obamas tenure 17 times more than during the Bush years. According to the banks data and annual reports, the board financed virtually$ 2bn in clean energy projects since 2009, including about three dozen gust projects in countries such as Mexico, Peru and Honduras and virtually 30 solar energy projects in India and South Korea.

The bank is committed to advancing global efforts toward renewable and sustained energy and power, said Scullin, the banks spokesperson. We also recognise as do the other 200 signatories of the landmark Paris climate agreement that countries have differing and sometimes pressing needs for power and energy investments.

An uncertain future

In recent years, the bank has satisfied growing resistance from members of the House and Senate who see it as an instrument of corporate welfare, providing billions of low-interest, taxpayer-backed loans and guarantees to major firms such as Boeing, General Electric and Caterpillar.

Since 2009, seven of the banks 10 largest bargains went to oil and gas giants, including ExxonMobil, BG Energy Holding which is now part of Royal Dutch Shell and Australia Pacific LNG. Among these was a $1.3 bn loan to Petrleos Mexicanos, which contracted with the misleadingly named exporter, Solar Turbines a San Diego-based gas turbine fabricate for oil and gas field services.

In addition, a review of the banks loans suggests that virtually$ 9bn virtually 28% of all loans went to foreign-owned exporters, many of which are direct challengers of US-based companies.

For instance, the bank provided nearly $540 m for Turquoise Hill Resources, a Canadian mining company, to buy equipment from Japanese-headquartered Komatsu America, a direct challenger of Caterpillar. And between 2012 and 2015, the bank provided companies in Saudi Arabia and Peru more than $600 m to buy steam, gas and wind turbines from German-headquartered Siemens Energy. Siemens is a direct challenger of General Electric.

In both cases, fabricating took place in the United States.

The banks focus is undertakings supported in the US regardless of the ownership of the corporate mother, Scullin said. When Siemens or any other foreign company manufactures in the US and offer undertakings to American workers, we will finance the export of the American-made products. When they manufacture in Germany, we wont finance.

Bank officials say they have supported 1.4 m tasks since 2009. However, phone calls to about 80 US exporters affiliated with more than 20 large fossil fuel projects exposed few keep statistics tracking chores tied to bank financing. Of the nine companies that responded to requests for jobs numbers, only four companies reported that jobs were created or supported because of the bank. One told no tasks were created, three said there was no way to estimation, and one declined to offer any speculation.

Scullin tells the bank employs a methodology approved by the Government Accountability Office to estimate tasks numbers, which includes not just chores generated directly by the financing, but downstream, indirect ones as well.

The banks future is unclear. While it enjoys majority support from Congress, a growing number are questioning its mission. And Trump has called it featherbedding for select politicians and companies.

Nearly$ 9bn nearly 28% of all loans went to foreign-owned exporters, many of which are direct challengers of US-based companies. Photo: Sidharth M Vhavle

Whether it lasts beyond 2019, when Congress debates reauthorization again, is uncertain. What is certain is that the greenhouse gases it financed with US taxpayer support will be with us for centuries.

Coming tomorrow: potential impacts around the world

Sonali Prasad, Hannah Furfaro, Eduardo Garcia and Gilda Di Carli contributed to this report

The Energy and Environmental Reporting Project is supported by the Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Fund, Energy Foundation, Open Society Foundations, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Rockefeller Family Fund, Lorana Sullivan Foundation and the Tellus Mater Foundation. The funders have no participation in or influence over the articles produced by project fellows in collaboration with Guardian US

Read more: www.theguardian.com

The post How Obama’s climate change legacy is weakened by US investment in dirty ga appeared first on Top Rated Solar Panels.

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How Obama’s climate change legacy is weakened by US investment in dirty gasoline

Exclusive: an bureau inside the Obama administration poured billions into fossil fuel projects that will lead to global carbon emissions on a damaging scale

President Barack Obama has staked his legacy on the environment, positioning his administration as the most progressive on climate change in US history.

However, an obscure bureau within his own administration has softly spoiled his record by helping fund a steady outpouring of new overseas fossil fuel emissions effectively erasing gains expected from his headline clean power scheme or ga efficiency standards.

Since January 2009, the US Export-Import Bank has signed nearly $34 bn worth of low-interest loans and guarantees to companies and foreign governments to build, expand and promote fossil fuel projects abroad.

Thats about three times more financing than the taxpayer-backed bank provided during George W Bushs two terms, and nearly twice the amount financed with loans and guarantees under the administrations of Ronald Reagan, George HW Bush and Bill Clinton combined.

George Bush Barack Obama EXIM Bank money chart

The bank, which operates within Obamas administration, offer US exporters with financing to sell goods and services overseas. Bank officials say it supportings US jobs and fills a financing gap by allowing companies to access funding when private lenders will not.

Since 2009, it has financed 70 fossil fuel projects. When they are all completed and operating at full capacity, the bank estimates they will push 164 m metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year about the same output as the 95 currently operating coal-fired power plants in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Oklahoma.

A coal train stops near a power plant near Redfield, Arkansas. Photograph: Danny Johnston/ AP

That number does not include emissions from the numerous foundries, mines and smelters the bank also has financed around the world since 2009 , nor does it include more than 600 transactions listed in the banks authorization database, in which the product or exportation is labeled as N/ A, building it impossible to calculate the true size and extent of the banks carbon footprint.

The findings come after Guardian US and Columbia Universitys Graduate School of Journalisms Energy& Environmental Reporting Project expended nearly six months viewing documents and data released under the Freedom of Information Act. The investigation team analyzed tens of thousands of bank transactions, interviewed dozens of sources, and examined ratings of government, watchdog and academic reports showing how the 82 -year-old bank has undercut the presidents environmental legacy.

Since 2014, the bank has made an effort to become more climate-conscious. Indeed, the great majority of the banks fossil fuel financing took place before December 2013, when it adopted the presidents climate action plan and announced its intention to stop financing coal in all but the poorest countries.

Curtis Island locator map

But environmental critics say that in its zeal to increase exports after the 2008 financial crisis, the bank which financed the construction of two liquid natural gas plants on an island in the Great Barrier Reef, two of the largest coalmines on countries around the world, and more than a dozen refineries and petrochemical plants in countries such as Saudi Arabia, India and Turkey has put a permanent stain on the presidents environmental legacy.

There is a tension between Obamas strong efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand and some of its lending activities abroad, told Michael Gerrard, director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University.

Our investigation shows the presidents domestic climate policies, including the 1.1 bn ton carbon reduction promised with his new vehicle engine efficiency standards and the 2.5 bn ton carbon savings the pending clean power scheme is estimated to induce, will largely be erased by the banks overseas emissions.

EXIM Bank Clean Power Plan emissions chart

The bank which a growing number of Republican members of Congress oppose, viewing it as a emblem of government largesse and corporate welfare is almost universally been endorsed by Democrat, who see it as a task maker and economic leveler for US exporters in the global market, who must vie against foreign companies financed by their own countrys export banks.

However, our findings show that not only does the bank violate Democrats environmental platform to reduce carbon emissions, but more than 28% of the banks long-term loan financing since 2009 has supported foreign-owned exporters that immediately compete with US companies including nearly $540 m to Caterpillars biggest foreign competitor, the Japanese-owned Komatsu, to build a copper mine in Mongolia.

At a day when we need to boldly transform our energy system away from fossil fuel and into energy efficiency and sustainable energies, the last thing we should be doing is providing corporate welfare to some of the biggest polluters on countries around the world, said Senator Bernie Sanders, who opposes the bank.

How it works

The Export-Import Bank was established in 1934 by executive order from Franklin D Roosevelt to support the exchange of goods to and from the United States. Today, it provides insurance, working capital, loan guarantees and low-interest loans to US exporters, as well as overseas corporations utilizing American-made goods.

The bank is self-sustaining and returns any surplus to the treasury, which was about $280 m in 2016.

Nkosinathi Mkhwanazi and daughter Joy at the Kayalethu settlement near a power station in South Africa. Photograph: James Oatway for the Guardian

Since 1 January 2009 the bank has authorized more than 25,000 transactions worth more than $170 bn total. Virtually 80% are insurance bargains in which the bank insures a US exporter against nonpayment from a foreign country or company. In some occurrences, it is difficult to determine for whom or for what purpose the insurance policy was constructed.

However, the majority of authorizations 68% or $116 bn are in the form of taxpayer-backed loans and guarantees, which is usually going to see foreign borrowers to use the services of American exporters.

For instance, in 2012, the bank loaned nearly$ 5bn to Dow Chemical and the Saudi Arabian state-owned oil and gas company, Saudi Aramco, to utilized the Swiss engineering firm, ABB and additional exporters to build a power boiler and heat exchanger for a new petrochemical plant in Saudi Arabia. ABB manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania and Oklahoma engineered the portions. Other multibillion-dollar financing included$ 3bn in loans to a consortium led by ExxonMobil to build a liquid natural gas plant in the Papua New Guinea highlands, and $2.8 bn in loans for the construction of a refinery in Colombia.

EXIM Bank top dollar projects chart

Greenhouse gas investments

Since Obama became president in 2009, overall financing by the bank has nearly doubled, going from about $13 bn a year under President George W Bush, to an average of $25 bn during Obamas eight years. Yet, according to our investigation, investments in overseas fossil fuel projects have tripled under Obama.

When President Obama got elected we had great hopes, told Douglas Norlen, director of economic policy for Friends of the Earth US. And then we watched Ex-Ims fossil fuel financing skyrocket. We believed the situation was going to improve under Obama. We had no idea it was going to be far worse.

Sasan Power Plant locator map

Included in these transactions are two of the largest coal-fired power plants on the planet: Eskoms Kusile power plant in South Africa and Reliance Energys Sasan plant, with blended yearly carbon emissions of more than 56 m tons.

Kusile Power Plant locator map

To put that into view, the average US coal-fired power plant creates 3.5 m tons of carbon dioxide every year, with the largest, the James H Miller Jr plant in Alabama, producing 19 m tons a year, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Bank officials say both overall and fossil fuel-related funding increased in the Obama years as a result of the economic downturn and a concurrent boom in commodities, which precipitated an interest in big projects, including mining, power and petrochemical facilities, said Caroline Scullin, the banks senior vice-president of communications.

During the presidents 2010 State of the Union address, he pledged to doubled exportations over the following five years. In answer, the bank, which supports about 2% of the countrys exportations, identified fossil fuel and extractive industries as areas for growth.

Financing jumped from $2.9 bn in 2009, when Obama took office, to a peak of $10 bn in 2013.

Between 2009 and 2015, transactions included 28 loans and guarantees worth $8.5 bn to the Mexican state-owned oil company, Petrleos Mexicanos, for exploration and drilling, as well as $1.5 bn for gold, iron ore and copper mining in Mongolia, Ukraine and the Dominican Republic.

Barack Obama discusses the effects of climate change at Exit Glacier in Seward, Alaska. Photograph: Andrew Harnik/ AP

The bank was blocked from inducing new investments in July 2015, when Congress let its charter expire. And although the House and Senate voted overwhelmingly to reauthorize the bank five months later, it was down to two board members and unable to approve transactions larger than $10 m.

Senator Richard Shelby, a Republican from Alabama and chairman of the Senate committee on banking, housing and urban affairs, has refused to hold hearings for new board appointees, saying he will continue to fight against any congressional action that would allow the bank to resume its role as an engine of corporate welfare.

Congress is now looking for ways to circumvent Shelbys blockade, a move that may happen before 9 December.

According to the banks website, potential projects include more dirty ga investments a coal-fired plant in Vietnam, a petroleum refinery in Kazakhstan and power plant in Pakistan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Obamas green legacy undermined

Obamas efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the US are indisputable and include new fuel economy the criteria for cars and trucks estimated to reduce carbon emissions by 1.1 bn tons and his signature clean power scheme, which, if enacted, will reduce the nations carbon dioxide output to 32% below 2005 levels.

His administration has also shown international leadership and invested in global endeavors, including$ 3bn toward the Green Climate Fund, a alliance designed to help developing nations invest in low-emission energy sources and climate-resilient development.

Mangroves at high tide on the western side of Curtis Island, the same side as a liquified natural gas plant in Australia. Photo: Matthew Abbott for the Guardian

It is unclear how these efforts will fare under Donald Trumps presidency. He has called climate change a hoax and has promised to cancel the Paris climate deal, which aims to hold the planets temperature from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Despite Obamas efforts, our investigation shows the Ex-Im Banks $ 34 bn financing of overseas fossil fuel coal plants, refineries and pipelines undermines the carbon savings made by his fuel efficiency standards and clean power plan.

Using information received from the Energy Information Administration, if the clean power scheme were enacted this year, over the next 15 years it would reduce US carbon emissions by about 2.5 bn tons. That is nearly the same number that the Ex-Im Banks overseas fossil fuel projects will produce over 15 years, assuming they were all operating at full capacity.

While emissions supported by the bank arent counted toward US totals, their impact on climate change is identical whether they flowing from a smokestack in Kentucky or South Africa.

One unfortunate facet of the present international climate change regime is that only a countrys own emissions within its borders count in its emissions inventories, told Gerrard, the Columbia University law professor. Those emissions go on the inventories of the countries where the pollution passes, even though they have global impacts.

Eskoms Kusile power plant in South Africa. Photo: James Oatway for the Guardian

Both the bank and the White House took issue with our findings.

John Morton, the National Security Councils senior director for climate and energy, said: Comparing projected emissions of Ex-Im-supported projects internationally to the emissions avoided by the clean power scheme is at best an apples to oranges comparing, and at the worst intentionally misleading. The clean power scheme is projected to reduce emissions in the United States off of a specific business-as-usual baseline. This analysis includes no equivalent baseline, and therefore disregards the fact that without Ex-Im support, the vast majority of these projects would have been built with less efficient and higher polluting technologies, entailing more pollution than without Ex-Im action.

He said 90% of the projected emissions came from projects financed in the early years of the Obama administration, before the presidents climate action plan was announced in 2013, adding: The real tale here is in the leadership that the president and the Ex-Im Bank have shown in adopting a policy to restrict financing for new coal-fired power plant overseas.

The board financed virtually$ 2bn billion in clean energy projects since 2009, including nearly 30 solar energy projects in India and South Korea. Photograph: Sidharth M Vhavle

Scullin, the banks spokesperson, said our analysis overstated the banks emissions because the numbers the bank reports represent the total estimated carbon contribution from research projects , not only the components it financed.For instance, because the bank financed merely the furnaces and ovens in the Star oil refinery in Turkey, she argued that it should not be accountable for all 2m metric tons of greenhouse gases emitted every year by the refinery.

Norlen, of Friends of the Earth, told Morton and Scullins arguments were weak, disingenuous and minimise the banks impact.

The banks presence stimulates these projects more palatable to other financial institutions, he told, providing the financial security and foundation for other credit agencies and banks to come on board.

Bank officials also said that despite their funding of fossil fuel projects, they are on the vanguard of advancing green and climate-friendly policies.

In 1999, the US Export-Import Bank was the first exportation credit bureau to track carbon emissions from its financed projects, and in 2013, acting on Obamas climate action plan, bank officials announced they would stop investing in coal plants except in the poorest countries, including Bangladesh, Mozambique and Rwanda, or in middle-income income countries, such as Papua New Guinea and Vietnam. The investments would also be contingent on emissions being captured.

Officials note that one-third of the banks emissions are attributable to the two mega-coal plants financed before adopting Obamas climate plan, and since then, projected emissions have fallen.

However, according to the banks website, a new coal plant in Vietnam is being considered for financing, along with a natural gas plant in Mozambique is forecast to emit more than 5m tons of greenhouse gases every year and a petrochemical complex in Egypt that is projected to annually emit 3m tons.

Barack Obama looks at Bear Glacier, which has receded 1.8 miles in approximately 100 years, while on a barge tour to assure the effects of global warming in Alaska. Photo: Andrew Harnik/ AP

Bank officials note they have also increased financing of renewable and clean energy projects under Obamas tenure 17 times more than during the course of its Bush years. According to the banks data and annual reports, the board financed nearly$ 2bn in clean energy projects since 2009, including about three dozen gust projects in countries such as Mexico, Peru and Honduras and virtually 30 solar energy projects in India and South Korea.

The bank is committed to advancing global efforts toward renewable and sustainable energy and power, said Scullin, the banks spokesperson. We also acknowledge as do the other 200 signatories of the landmark Paris climate agreement that countries have different and sometimes pressing needs for power and energy investments.

An uncertain future

In recent years, the bank has fulfilled growing resistance from members of the House and Senate who see it as an instrument of corporate welfare, providing billions of low-interest, taxpayer-backed loans and guarantees to major corporations such as Boeing, General Electric and Caterpillar.

Since 2009, seven of the banks 10 largest deals went to oil and gas giants, including ExxonMobil, BG Energy Holdings which is now part of Royal Dutch Shell and Australia Pacific LNG. Among these was a $1.3 bn loan to Petrleos Mexicanos, which contracted with the misleadingly named exporter, Solar Turbines a San Diego-based gas turbine manufacture for oil and gas field services.

In addition, a review of the banks loans suggests that virtually$ 9bn virtually 28% of all loans went to foreign-owned exporters, many of which are direct challengers of US-based companies.

For instance, the bank provided virtually $540 m for Turquoise Hill Resources, a Canadian mining company, to buy equipment from Japanese-headquartered Komatsu America, a direct challenger of Caterpillar. And between 2012 and 2015, the bank provided companies in Saudi Arabia and Peru more than $600 m to buy steam, gas and gust turbines from German-headquartered Siemens Energy. Siemens is a direct challenger of General Electric.

In both cases, manufacturing took place in the United States.

The banks focus is chores supported in the US regardless of the ownership of the corporate mother, Scullin told. When Siemens or any other foreign company manufactures in the US and provides jobs to American workers, we will finance the export of the American-made products. When they manufacture in Germany, we wont finance.

Bank officials say they have supported 1.4 m chores since 2009. However, phone calls to about 80 US exporters affiliated with more than 20 large fossil fuel projects revealed few keep statistics tracking jobs tied to bank financing. Of the nine companies that responded to requests for jobs numbers, only 4 companies reported that jobs were created or supported because of the bank. One told no tasks were created, three said there was no way to estimate, and one declined to offer any speculation.

Scullin tells the bank use a methodology approved by the Government Accountability Office to estimate chores numbers, which includes not just tasks created immediately by the financing, but downstream, indirect ones as well.

The banks future is unclear. While it enjoys majority support from Congress, a growing number are questioning its mission. And Trump has called it featherbedding for select politicians and companies.

Nearly$ 9bn nearly 28% of all loans went to foreign-owned exporters, many of which are direct challengers of US-based companies. Photo: Sidharth M Vhavle

Whether it lasts beyond 2019, when Congress debates reauthorization again, is uncertain. What is certain is that the greenhouse gases it financed with US taxpayer support will be with us for centuries.

Coming tomorrow: the impact around the world

Sonali Prasad, Hannah Furfaro, Eduardo Garcia and Gilda Di Carli contributed to this report

The Energy and Environmental Reporting Project is supported by the Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Fund, Energy Foundation, Open Society Foundations, Rockefeller Brother Fund, Rockefeller Family Fund, Lorana Sullivan Foundation and the Tellus Mater Foundation. The funders have no participation in or influence over the articles produced by project fellows in co-operation with Guardian US

Read more: www.theguardian.com

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