#L-Threonine

[chemanalystdata]

Threonine Prices, Price, Trend, Supply & Demand and Forecast | ChemAnalyst

L-Threonine Prices , an essential amino acid crucial for protein synthesis and various metabolic functions, plays a significant role in the feed industry, particularly in animal nutrition. Its importance lies in its ability to enhance growth performance, improve feed efficiency, and support immune function in livestock and poultry. The pricing dynamics of L-Threonine are subject to various factors, including market demand, supply chain intricacies, raw material costs, and manufacturing processes. In recent years, fluctuations in L-Threonine prices have been observed due to shifts in these factors.

One of the primary drivers influencing L-Threonine prices is the demand from the animal feed industry. With the global population steadily increasing, there is a rising need for high-quality animal protein, leading to greater demand for animal feed additives like L-Threonine. Additionally, the growing preference for meat consumption in emerging economies further fuels this demand. As a result, manufacturers often adjust prices based on market demand and consumption patterns.

Supply chain dynamics also significantly impact L-Threonine pricing. The production of L-Threonine involves complex processes, including fermentation and purification, which require specific raw materials and specialized equipment. Any disruptions or fluctuations in the supply of these raw materials can affect the overall production costs and, subsequently, the pricing of L-Threonine. Factors such as changes in raw material prices, availability, and transportation costs can all influence the final pricing structure.

Get Real Time Prices of Threonine: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/threonine-1510

Moreover, competition among L-Threonine manufacturers plays a crucial role in determining prices. The market is characterized by several key players competing to capture market share. Intense competition often leads to pricing strategies aimed at gaining a competitive edge. Manufacturers may adjust prices strategically to attract customers while maintaining profitability. Additionally, advancements in manufacturing technologies and processes can impact production costs, thereby influencing pricing strategies within the industry.

Currency fluctuations and global economic conditions also contribute to the volatility of L-Threonine prices. As L-Threonine is traded internationally, fluctuations in currency exchange rates can impact import and export costs, affecting overall pricing dynamics. Economic uncertainties, geopolitical tensions, and trade policies can further exacerbate price volatility, making it challenging for manufacturers to predict and stabilize prices over time.

Regulatory factors and quality standards also influence L-Threonine pricing. Manufacturers must comply with stringent regulations and quality control measures to ensure product safety and efficacy. Compliance with regulatory requirements often entails additional costs, which can impact pricing decisions. Moreover, investments in research and development to enhance product quality and meet evolving regulatory standards can also influence pricing strategies within the industry.

Furthermore, seasonal variations in demand and production can impact L-Threonine prices. Demand for animal feed additives tends to fluctuate seasonally, influenced by factors such as livestock breeding cycles, weather conditions, and agricultural practices. Manufacturers may adjust production levels and prices accordingly to align with seasonal demand patterns and optimize resource utilization.

In conclusion, the pricing of L-Threonine is influenced by a multitude of factors, including market demand, supply chain dynamics, competition, currency fluctuations, regulatory requirements, and seasonal variations. Manufacturers must navigate these complexities strategically to determine pricing structures that balance profitability with market dynamics and customer demand. As the global population continues to grow and the demand for high-quality animal protein rises, the pricing dynamics of L-Threonine are likely to remain dynamic and responsive to evolving market conditions.

Get Real Time Prices of Threonine: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/threonine-1510

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[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive (Thousands of reports, sources, and resources! Daily updates!)

By Robert Stevens

A COVID wave fuelled by the XEC variant is leading to hospitalisations throughout Britain.

According to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), the admission rate for patients testing positive for XEC stood at 4.5 per 100,000 people in the week to October 6—up significantly from 3.7 a week earlier. UKHSA described the spread as “alarming”.

Last week, Dr. Jamie Lopez Bernal, consultant epidemiologist at the UKHSA, noted of the spread of the new variant in Britain: “Our surveillance shows that where Covid cases are sequenced, around one in 10 are the ‘XEC’ lineage.”

The XEC variant, a combination of the KS.1.1 and KP.3.3 variants, was detected and recorded in Germany in June and has been found in at least 29 countries—including in at least 13 European nations and the 24 states within United States. According to a New Scientist article published last month, “The earliest cases of the variant occurred in Italy in May. However, these samples weren’t uploaded to an international database that tracks SARS-CoV-2 variants, called the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), until September.”

The number of confirmed cases of XEC internationally exceeds 600 according to GISAID. This is likely an underestimation. Bhanu Bhatnagar at the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe noted that “not all countries consistently report data to GISAID, so the XEC variant is likely to be present in more countries”.

Another source, containing data up to September 28—the Outbreak.info genomic reports: scalable and dynamic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations—reports that there have been 1,115 XEC cases detected worldwide.

Within Europe, XEC was initially most widespread in France, accounting for around 21 percent of confirmed COVID samples. In Germany, it accounted for 15 percent of samples and 8 percent of sequenced samples, according to an assessment from Professor Francois Balloux at the University College London, cited in the New Scientist.

Within weeks of those comments the spread of XEC has been rapid. Just in Germany, it currently accounts for 43 percent of infections and is therefore predominant. Virologists estimate that XEC has around twice the growth advantage of KP.3.1.1 and will be the dominant variant in winter.

A number of articles have cited the comments made to the LA Times by Eric Topol, the Director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute in California. Topol warns that XEC is “just getting started”, “and that’s going to take many weeks, a couple months, before it really takes hold and starts to cause a wave. XEC is definitely taking charge. That does appear to be the next variant.”

A report in the Independent published Tuesday noted of the make-up of XEC, and its two parent subvariants: “KS.1.1 is a type of what’s commonly called a FLiRT variant. It is characterised by mutations in the building block molecules phenylalanine (F) altered to leucine (L), and arginine (R) to threonine (T) on the spike protein that the virus uses to attach to human cells.

“The second omicron subvariant KP.3.3 belongs to the category FLuQE where the amino acid glutamine (Q) is mutated to glutamic acid (E) on the spike protein, making its binding to human cells more effective.”

Covid cases are on the rise across the UK, with recent data from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) indicating a 21.6 percent increase in cases in England within a week.

There is no doubt that the spread of XEC virus contributed to an increase in COVID cases and deaths in Britain. In the week to September 25, there were 2,797 reported cases—an increase of 530 from the previous week. In the week to September 20 there was a 50 percent increase in COVID-related deaths in England, with 134 fatalities reported.

According to the latest data, the North East of England is witnessing the highest rate of people being hospitalised, with 8.12 people per 100,000 requiring treatment.

Virologist Dr. Stephen Griffin of the University of Leeds has been an active communicator of the science and statistics of the virus on various public platforms and social media since the start of the pandemic. He was active in various UK government committees during the height of the COVID-19. In March 2022, he gave an interview to the World Socialist Web Site.

This week Griffin spoke to the i newspaper on the continuing danger of allowing the untrammelled spread of XEC and COVID in general. “The problem with COVID is that it evolves so quickly,” he said.

He warned, “We can either increase our immunity by making better vaccines or increasing our vaccine coverage, or we can slow the virus down with interventions, such as improving indoor air quality. But we’re not doing those things.”

“Its evolutionary rate is something like three or four times faster than that of the fastest seasonal flu. So you’ve got this constant change in the virus, which accelerates the number of susceptible people.

“It’s creating its own new pool of susceptibles every time it changes to something that’s ‘immune evasive’. Every one of these subvariants is distinct enough that a whole swathe of people are no longer immune to it and it can infect them. That’s why you see this constant undulatory pattern which doesn’t look seasonal at all.”

There are no mitigations in place in Britain, as is the case internationally, to stop the spread of this virus. Advice for those with COVID symptoms is to stay at home and limit contact with others for just five days. The National Health Service advises, “You can go back to your normal activities when you feel better or do not have a high temperature”, despite the fact that the person may well still be infectious. Families are advised that children with symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, or mild cough can still “go to school or childcare' if they feel well enough.

The detection and rapid spread of new variants disproves the lies of governments that the pandemic is long over and COVID-19 should be treated no differently to influenza.

Deaths due to COVID in the UK rose above 244,000 by the end of September. It is only a matter of time before an even deadlier variant emerges. Last month, Sir Chris Whitty, England’s chief medical officer, told the ongoing public inquiry into COVID-19 “We have to assume a future pandemic on this scale [the global pandemic which began in 2020] will occur… That’s a certainty.”

[diansaiitsjourney-12]

KELOR

Kelor atau merunggai memiliki nama ilmiah Moringa oleifera. Tanaman kelor merupakan jenis tanaman tropis.

A. CIRI-CIRI

Tanaman kelor dapat dikenali dengan ciri-ciri sebagai berikut :

Tinggi tanaman kelor sekitar 7-11 meter, dan diameternya sekitar 30cm

Ukuran daunnya kecil-kecil, yang tersusun teratur dalam satu tangkai pohon

Bentuk daunnya bulat telur, dengan panjang 1-3 cm, lebar 4mm - 1 cm, ujung daun tumpul, pangkal daun membulat, dan tepi daun rata

Bunganya berwarna putih kekuningan kuningan, dan tudung pelepah bunganya berwarna hijau

5. Buah tanaman kelor berbentuk segitiga memanjang

6. Karakteristik daun kelor adalah bersirip tak sempurna, dengan ukuran kecil sebesar ujung jari

7. Helaian anak daunnya berwarna hijau sampai hijau kecoklatan

B. KLASIFIKASI

Tanaman kelor memiliki klasifikasi sebagai berikut :

Kingdom : Plantae

Divisio : Magnoliophyta

Class : Magnoliopsida

Ordo : Brassicales

Famili : Moringaceae

Genus : Moringa

Spesies : Moringa oleifera L.

C. KANDUNGAN

Kandungan-kandungan yang terdapat pada tanaman daun kelor contohnya :

Argine

Histidine

Isoleucine

Leusine

Lysine

Methionine

Phenylaline

Threonine

Thryptopan

Valine

Senyawa isotiosianat dan glukosinolat

Senyawa antioksidan untuk melawan radikal bebas dalam tubuh

Memiliki banyak nutrisi bagi tubuh seperti, vitamin A, vitamin B, Zat besi, dan masih banyak lagi

Sumber vitamin C yang berguna untuk mencegah penyakit kronis

Anti inflamasi

Senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, betakaroten, zeaxanthin, tain dan Lutein yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan mata

Selain kandungan-kandungan yang disebutkan di atas, masih banyak lagi kandungan-kandungan tanaman kelor lainnya yang memberikan banyak sekali manfaat bagi kita.

D. MANFAAT BAGI KESEHATAN

Tanaman kelor memiliki banyak sekali manfaat sehingga disebut sebagai Mega superfood/tanaman fungsional, karena bagian-bagian tumbuhannya mulai dari daun, bunga, hingga buah dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi obat ataupun dikonsumsi sebagai sayuran. Berikut ini adalah manfaat tanaman kelor bagi kesehatan :

Menurunkan kadar gula darah, karena daun kelor mengandung asam klorogenik

Mengurangi peradangan, karena daun kelor mengandung isothiocyanate atau senyawa anti inflamasi

Menangkal radikal bebas, karena daun kelor mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi

Menurunkan tekanan darah, karena mengandung Quercetin yang merupakan antioksidan kuat

Mendukung kesehatan otak, karena daun kelor mengandung vitamin E dan C yang tinggi melawan oksidasi yang mengarah pada degenerasi neuron

Mencegah kanker, daun kelor mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi sehingga dapat membunuh sel yang telah mati dan mencegah tumbuhnya sel kanker

Meningkatkan produksi asi

Mengurangi gejala menopause, karena daun kelor mengandung banyak vitamin dan mineral

Menjaga kesehatan kulit, seperti mencegah penuaan dini, dan mengobati jerawat

Bunga daun kelor bermanfaat sebagai obat stimulan, afrodisiak, abortifacient, cholagogue, digunakan untuk menyembuhkan radang, penyakit otot, dan lain sebagainya

Buah daun kelor sering diolah menjadi makanan, seperti sayur bening, sayur santan, dan sayur asem

E. PENGAPLIKASIAN PADA MAKANAN

Donat daun kelor

2. Sayur bening

F. CARA MENANAM

Karakteristik lahan yang baik digunakan :

Terkena cahaya matahari langsung minimal 6 jam sehari

Dekat dengan sumber air

Mengandung unsur hara yang cukup

2. Memilih lahan dengan tanah yang subur, agar dapat tumbuh maksimal

3. Lakukan pembersihan hama pada lahan sebelum mulai penanaman

4. Buatlah lubang dengan diameter sekitar 50-70 cm, dengan kedalaman sekitar 50 cm

5. Gunakan pupuk organik sebagai pupuk dasarnya, cara pemberian pupuk ini adalah masukan pupuk organik secukupnya ke dalam lubang kemudian tutup dengan tanah sampai 3/4 bagian, setelah itu kita dapat membiarkan lubang minimal 2 minggu agar keadaan pupuk dalam tanah dapat terurai terlebih dahulu.

6. Lalu tanam tanaman kelor, dan sirami secara teratur

G. SUMBER REFERENSI

https://ccrc.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/ensiklopedia/ensiklopedia-tanaman-antikanker/k/kelor-moringa-oleifera-l/

[planetarybound]

Just had optimal bloodwork results. All I'm taking daily:

Fish Oil 2800mg (1080mg EPA 756mg DHA) Lecithin 2800mg (840mg Phosphatidylcholine) Vitamin D3 5000IU Zinc 50mg One-A-Day Multivitamin Amino Acid Complex which is...

L-Alanine 152 mg L-Arginine 140 mg L-Aspartic Acid 81 mg L-Glutamic Acid 182 mg L-Glycine 424 mg L-Histidine 16 mg L-Hydroxylysine 27 mg L-Hydroxyproline 223 mg L-Isoleucine 21 mg L-Leucine 47 mg L-Lysine 60 mg L-Methionine 16 mg L-Phenylalanine 29 mg L-Proline 249 mg L-Serine 61 mg L-Threonine 34 mg L-Tyrosine 10 mg L-Valine 40 mg L-Ornithine 30 mg

I don't know that it does anything but amino acid precursors seem like the mechanism of action has more plausible benefits than herbal extracts...

wishing people would understand (and advertisers would stop giving the impression) that herbal remedies don't actually work like fantasy potions where you have a Symptom and they magically target that Symptom specifically-- they work exactly like pharmaceutical medicines but at a less concentrated scale, and it can interact poorly with them if you are already using them.

ashwagandha doesn't "lower your anxiety", it reduces your cortisol levels, which can in turn lower your blood pressure and interact with other adrenal and BP meds. ginkgo doesn't "help you think", it dilates your blood vessels and is an anti-platelet, which increases cerebral bloodflow but can interact with other circulatory meds. grapefruit seed extract is an incredible antifungal but it will inhibit enzymes that break down many types of medication and lead to blood toxicity of those meds.

i've worked in this industry since before insta/tiktok was a major force in advertising for it and i've watched the swing from people generally being educated about this niche thing they have come in to buy to "i saw on tiktok that this will give me energy"

.... will it? have you had bloodwork done? are you adequately absorbing your nutrition? are you getting sunlight? stop being scammed by symptom-centric buzzwords. anything that promises it will give you energy or help you focus or whatever else hinges entirely on your body chemistry fitting very certain criteria and a lot of people end up disappointed when that cordyceps did nothing for them when it turns out they're low on stomach acid and not synthesizing their B vitamins correctly or something else that is way above my paygrade to determine.

the american healthcare system is a shitshow and people often have no choice but to take their treatments into their own hand, but "natural remedies" want your money just as bad as "big pharma" and it's up to the individual to do their epistemological due diligence when treating themselves. godbless.

[chemicahs]

I love you L-Alanine, L-Arginine, Glycine, Aspartic Acid, Valine, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Leucine, Isoleucine, Histidine, Threonine, Proline, Lysine, Methionine, Serine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan

[sunaleisocial]

Protein study could help researchers develop new antibiotics

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/protein-study-could-help-researchers-develop-new-antibiotics/

Protein study could help researchers develop new antibiotics

A bacterial enzyme called histidine kinase is a promising target for new classes of antibiotics. However, it has been difficult to develop drugs that target this enzyme, because it is a “hydrophobic” protein that loses its structure once removed from its normal location in the cell membrane.

Now, an MIT-led team has found a way to make the enzyme water-soluble, which could make it possible to rapidly screen potential drugs that might interfere with its functions.

The researchers created their new version of histidine kinase by replacing four specific hydrophobic amino acids with three hydrophilic ones. Even after this significant shift, they found that the water-soluble version of the enzyme retained its natural functions.

No existing antibiotics target histidine kinase, so drugs that disrupt these functions could represent a new class of antibiotics. Such drug candidates are badly needed to combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

“Each year, more than 1 million people die from antibiotic-resistant infections,” says Shuguang Zhang, a principal research scientist in the MIT Media Lab and one of the senior authors of the new study. “This protein is a good target because it’s unique to bacteria and humans don’t have it.”

Ping Xu and Fei Tao, both professors at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, are also senior authors of the paper, which appears today in Nature Communications. Mengke Li, a graduate student at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a former visiting student at MIT, is the lead author of the paper.

A new drug target

Many of the proteins that perform critical cell functions are embedded in the cell membrane. The segments of these proteins that span the membrane are hydrophobic, which allows them to associate with the lipids that make up the membrane. However, once removed from the membrane, these proteins tend to lose their structure, which makes it difficult to study them or to screen for drugs that might interfere with them.

In 2018, Zhang and his colleagues devised a simple way to convert these proteins into water-soluble versions, which maintain their structure in water. Their technique is known as the QTY code, for the letters that represent the hydrophilic amino acids that become incorporated into the proteins. Leucine (L) becomes glutamine (Q), isoleucine (I) and valine (V) become threonine (T), and phenylalanine (F) becomes tyrosine (Y).

Since then, the researchers have demonstrated this technique on a variety of hydrophobic proteins, including antibodies, cytokine receptors, and transporters. Those transporters include a protein that cancer cells use to pump chemotherapy drugs out of the cells, as well as transporters that brain cells use to move dopamine and serotonin into or out of cells.

In the new study, the team set out to demonstrate, for the first time, that the QTY code could be used to create water-soluble enzymes that retain their enzymatic function.

The research team chose to focus on histidine kinase in part because of its potential as an antibiotic target. Currently most antibiotics work by damaging bacterial cell walls or interfering with the synthesis of ribosomes, the cell organelles that manufacture proteins. None of them target histidine kinase, an important bacterial protein that regulates processes such as antibiotic resistance and cell-to-cell communication.

Histidine kinase can perform four different functions, including phosphorylation (activating other proteins by adding a phosphate group to them) and dephosphorylation (removing phosphates). Human cells also have kinases, but they act on amino acids other than histidine, so drugs that block histidine kinase would likely not have any effect on human cells.

After using the QTY code to convert histidine kinase to a water-soluble form, the researchers tested all four of its functions and found that the protein was still able to perform them. This means that this protein could be used in high-throughput screens to rapidly test whether potential drug compounds interfere with any of those functions.

A stable structure

Using AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence program that can predict protein structures, the researchers generated a structure for their new protein and used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how it interacts with water. They found that the protein forms stabilizing hydrogen bonds with water, which help it keep its structure.

They also found that if they only replaced the buried hydrophobic amino acids in the transmembrane segment, the protein would not retain its function. The hydrophobic amino acids have to be replaced throughout the transmembrane segment, which helps the molecule maintain the structural relationships it needs to function normally.

Zhang now plans to try this approach on methane monooxygenase, an enzyme found in bacteria that can convert methane into methanol. A water-soluble version of this enzyme could be sprayed at sites of methane release, such as barns where cows live, or thawing permafrost, helping to remove a large chunk of methane, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere.

“If we can use the same tool, the QTY code, on methane monooxygenase, and use that enzyme to convert methane into methanol, that could deaccelerate climate change,” Zhang says.

The QTY technique could also help scientists learn more about how signals are carried by transmembrane proteins, says William DeGrado, a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of California at San Francisco, who was not involved in the study.

“It is a great advance to be able to make functionally relevant, water-solubilized proteins,” DeGrado says. “An important question is how signals are transmitted across membranes, and this work provides a new way to approach that question.”  

The research was funded, in part, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 

[jcmarchi]

Protein study could help researchers develop new antibiotics

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/protein-study-could-help-researchers-develop-new-antibiotics/

Protein study could help researchers develop new antibiotics

A bacterial enzyme called histidine kinase is a promising target for new classes of antibiotics. However, it has been difficult to develop drugs that target this enzyme, because it is a “hydrophobic” protein that loses its structure once removed from its normal location in the cell membrane.

Now, an MIT-led team has found a way to make the enzyme water-soluble, which could make it possible to rapidly screen potential drugs that might interfere with its functions.

The researchers created their new version of histidine kinase by replacing four specific hydrophobic amino acids with three hydrophilic ones. Even after this significant shift, they found that the water-soluble version of the enzyme retained its natural functions.

No existing antibiotics target histidine kinase, so drugs that disrupt these functions could represent a new class of antibiotics. Such drug candidates are badly needed to combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

“Each year, more than 1 million people die from antibiotic-resistant infections,” says Shuguang Zhang, a principal research scientist in the MIT Media Lab and one of the senior authors of the new study. “This protein is a good target because it’s unique to bacteria and humans don’t have it.”

Ping Xu and Fei Tao, both professors at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, are also senior authors of the paper, which appears today in Nature Communications. Mengke Li, a graduate student at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a former visiting student at MIT, is the lead author of the paper.

A new drug target

Many of the proteins that perform critical cell functions are embedded in the cell membrane. The segments of these proteins that span the membrane are hydrophobic, which allows them to associate with the lipids that make up the membrane. However, once removed from the membrane, these proteins tend to lose their structure, which makes it difficult to study them or to screen for drugs that might interfere with them.

In 2018, Zhang and his colleagues devised a simple way to convert these proteins into water-soluble versions, which maintain their structure in water. Their technique is known as the QTY code, for the letters that represent the hydrophilic amino acids that become incorporated into the proteins. Leucine (L) becomes glutamine (Q), isoleucine (I) and valine (V) become threonine (T), and phenylalanine (F) becomes tyrosine (Y).

Since then, the researchers have demonstrated this technique on a variety of hydrophobic proteins, including antibodies, cytokine receptors, and transporters. Those transporters include a protein that cancer cells use to pump chemotherapy drugs out of the cells, as well as transporters that brain cells use to move dopamine and serotonin into or out of cells.

In the new study, the team set out to demonstrate, for the first time, that the QTY code could be used to create water-soluble enzymes that retain their enzymatic function.

The research team chose to focus on histidine kinase in part because of its potential as an antibiotic target. Currently most antibiotics work by damaging bacterial cell walls or interfering with the synthesis of ribosomes, the cell organelles that manufacture proteins. None of them target histidine kinase, an important bacterial protein that regulates processes such as antibiotic resistance and cell-to-cell communication.

Histidine kinase can perform four different functions, including phosphorylation (activating other proteins by adding a phosphate group to them) and dephosphorylation (removing phosphates). Human cells also have kinases, but they act on amino acids other than histidine, so drugs that block histidine kinase would likely not have any effect on human cells.

After using the QTY code to convert histidine kinase to a water-soluble form, the researchers tested all four of its functions and found that the protein was still able to perform them. This means that this protein could be used in high-throughput screens to rapidly test whether potential drug compounds interfere with any of those functions.

A stable structure

Using AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence program that can predict protein structures, the researchers generated a structure for their new protein and used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how it interacts with water. They found that the protein forms stabilizing hydrogen bonds with water, which help it keep its structure.

They also found that if they only replaced the buried hydrophobic amino acids in the transmembrane segment, the protein would not retain its function. The hydrophobic amino acids have to be replaced throughout the transmembrane segment, which helps the molecule maintain the structural relationships it needs to function normally.

Zhang now plans to try this approach on methane monooxygenase, an enzyme found in bacteria that can convert methane into methanol. A water-soluble version of this enzyme could be sprayed at sites of methane release, such as barns where cows live, or thawing permafrost, helping to remove a large chunk of methane, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere.

“If we can use the same tool, the QTY code, on methane monooxygenase, and use that enzyme to convert methane into methanol, that could deaccelerate climate change,” Zhang says.

The QTY technique could also help scientists learn more about how signals are carried by transmembrane proteins, says William DeGrado, a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of California at San Francisco, who was not involved in the study.

“It is a great advance to be able to make functionally relevant, water-solubilized proteins,” DeGrado says. “An important question is how signals are transmitted across membranes, and this work provides a new way to approach that question.”  

The research was funded, in part, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 

[namansharma0950]

スレオニン価格モニタリング: 洞察、傾向、将来予測 | アナリストジャパン

2024年3月までの四半期報告

アジア太平洋

2024年第1四半期、APAC地域、特に中国のスレオニン市場は、価格変動と全体的な価格下落傾向の課題に直面しました。畜産、パーソナルケア、食品などの下流産業からの需要が低迷し、価格に大きな下落圧力がかかり、飼料と食品グレードの両方に影響を及ぼしました。第1四半期半ばには食品グレードの価格が徐々に上昇しましたが、全体的な消費は四半期を通じて悲観的なままでした。さらに、トウモロコシ価格の下落もスレオニン価格に影響し、特に生産コストが高い生産者にとって収益性の脅威となりました。その結果、企業は割引を提供して在庫を減らし、スレオニンの調達量が顕著に減少しました。

リアルタイムのトレオニン価格を取得する: https://www.analystjapan.com/Pricing-data/threonine-1208

2024年2月に入ると、市場余剰にもかかわらず食品グレードのスレオニンの消費がわずかに増加しました。2月中旬の旧正月休暇後、貿易業者や供給業者は商品を高値で販売することに注力しました。地政学的問題による高止まりする運賃コストが中国からの輸出の勢いを妨げ、輸入国の貿易業者がより高いコストで商品を受け入れることで価格上昇を支えました。しかし、四半期末に向けて価格は再び1月以来の最低水準に下落しました。供給過剰に対処し、四半期末の在庫削減目標を達成するためにサプライヤーは割引を提供し、需要を高めました。地政学的問題による貿易活動の増加により、運賃が正常化し、3月末の価格下落に寄与しました。

北米

2024年第1四半期、北米のスレオニン市場は飼料グレードと食品グレードの両方で概して価格下落傾向をたどりましたが、四半期半ばに食品グレードのセクターでは着実な回復を示しました。米国市場では大幅な価格変動が発生しました。価格動向は、需要と供給の変化、世界経済状況、地政学的緊張などの影響を受けました。

1月、地域市場では飼料部門と食品グレード部門の両方でスレオニンの需要が低迷し、トウモロコシの価格下落もスレオニン価格に影響しました。輸出国の在庫過剰により購買意欲が低下し、���売業者は割引価格で在庫を処分しました。米国はスレオニンの主要輸入国として、価格戦略の調整を通じて世界市場に大きな影響を与えました。

四半期半ばには飼料産業からの需要は引き続き低調でしたが、食品部門からの購入は増加しました。15日間の休暇後、輸送サービスが再開されると、地域内および海外からの引き合いが通常レベルに戻り、輸出国の価格が上昇し米国市場に影響を及ぼしました。運賃の上昇も食品グレードのスレオニンの価格を下支えしました。

四半期末には、購入の制限と在庫の増加により、両グレードの価格はさらなる下落を経験しました。運賃の低下とドル高により、割引レートでの購入の機会がもたらされ、供給不足の懸念が解消されました。しかし、需要の低迷、消費者信頼感の低下が市場心理を弱め、参加者は国内需要を拡大し余剰在庫を削減するために積極的な価格戦略を採用しました。

リアルタイムのトレオニン価格を取得する: https://www.analystjapan.com/Pricing-data/threonine-1208

ヨーロッパ

第1四半期を通じて、主要輸入国であるドイツのスレオニン価格は、APAC地域と同様に市場下落傾向をたどりました。1月、購買活動の低さと慎重な参加者による落ち着いた市場雰囲気により、L-スレオニンの供給業者は一貫して価格を引き下げました。トウモロコシ価格の下落もドイツのL-スレオニン価格の下落に寄与しました。四半期半ばには食品業界からの引き合いがわずかに回復しましたが、飼料グレードの価格は依然として低迷していました。多くのエンドユーザーがその場での購入戦略を採用し、特に食品分野で調達活動が減少しました。

紅海地域の貿易紛争が需給活動に影響を及ぼし、トレーダーは新たな見積書の発行に消極的でした。四半期末には、両グレードの価格が大幅に下落し、安定した需給見通しを示しました。運送費の低下により商品の流通が容易になりましたが、新規注文は低水準にとどまりました。一部のエンドユーザーは在庫レベルを高めに維持し、将来的に消費と現地注文が回復する可能性を期待していました。

[lalsingh228-blog]

Amino Acids Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends, Analysis 2028

Global Amino Acids Market Report from AMA Research highlights deep analysis on market characteristics, sizing, estimates and growth by segmentation, regional breakdowns & country along with competitive landscape, player’s market shares, and strategies that are key in the market. The exploration provides a 360° view and insights, highlighting major outcomes of the industry. These insights help the business decision-makers to formulate better business plans and make informed decisions to improved profitability. In addition, the study helps venture or private players in understanding the companies in more detail to make better informed decisions. Major Players in This Report Include, Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Japan), Adisseo France S.A.S (France), Archer Daniels Midland Company (United States), Chongqing Unisplendour Chemical Co., Ltd. (China), CJ CheilJedang Corporation (South Korea), Daesang Corporation (South Korea), Evonik Industries AG (Germany), Fufeng Group Company Limited (China), Global Bio-Chem Technology Group Company Limited (Hong Kong), Hebei Donghua Chemical Group (China). Free Sample Report + All Related Graphs & Charts @: https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/sample-report/19302-global-amino-acids-market Amino Acids is one of the vital chemical used in manufacturing variety of products  including animal feed, food & beverages, pharma & health care, nutraceuticals, cosmetics & personal care, and many others. The human body is contains almost 20% of proteins and amino acids plays an important role in building blocks of protein, the amino acids will significantly assist animal food as well as foods & beverage manufacturing. Market Drivers

Minimizes Volatility in Human Body Protein Contents

Increasing Health-Consciousness among Consumers

Market Trend

Increasing Demand Low Calorie Artificial Sweeteners in Food and Beverage Industry

Growing Applications in Pharmaceutical Industry

Opportunities

Introduction to Protein Rich Food, Beverages as well as Animal Foods

Growing Opportunities for Amino Acids in Aquaculture Industry

Challenges

Increasing Prices of Protein Contained Foods

Enquire for customization in Report @: https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/enquiry-before-buy/19302-global-amino-acids-market In this research study, the prime factors that are impelling the growth of the Global Amino Acids market report have been studied thoroughly in a bid to estimate the overall value and the size of this market by the end of the forecast period. The impact of the driving forces, limitations, challenges, and opportunities has been examined extensively. The key trends that manage the interest of the customers have also been interpreted accurately for the benefit of the readers. The Amino Acids market study is being classified by Type (L-Glutamic Acid/MSG, L-Lysine, Methionine, L-Threonine, L-Tryptophan, Glycine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Aspartic Acid), Application (Animal Feed, Food & Beverages, Pharma & Health Care, Nutraceuticals, Cosmetics & Personal Care, Others), Source (Plant-Based, Animal-Based, Microbial-Based) The report concludes with in-depth details on the business operations and financial structure of leading vendors in the Global Amino Acids market report, Overview of Key trends in the past and present are in reports that are reported to be beneficial for companies looking for venture businesses in this market. Information about the various marketing channels and well-known distributors in this market was also provided here. This study serves as a rich guide for established players and new players in this market. Get Reasonable Discount on This Premium Report @ https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/request-discount/19302-global-amino-acids-market Extracts from Table of Contents Amino Acids Market Research Report Chapter 1 Amino Acids Market Overview Chapter 2 Global Economic Impact on Industry Chapter 3 Global Market Competition by Manufacturers Chapter 4 Global Revenue (Value, Volume*) by Region Chapter 5 Global Supplies (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions Chapter 6 Global Revenue (Value, Volume*), Price* Trend by Type Chapter 7 Global Market Analysis by Application ………………….continued This report also analyzes the regulatory framework of the Global Markets Amino Acids Market Report to inform stakeholders about the various norms, regulations, this can have an impact. It also collects in-depth information from the detailed primary and secondary research techniques analyzed using the most efficient analysis tools. Based on the statistics gained from this systematic study, market research provides estimates for market participants and readers. Contact US : Craig Francis (PR & Marketing Manager) AMA Research & Media LLP Unit No. 429, Parsonage Road Edison, NJ New Jersey USA – 08837 Phone: +1 201 565 3262, +44 161 818 8166 sales@advancemarketanalytics.com

[healthybetaine]

FERMENTATION GRADE BETAINE LIQUID

It is widely used in fermentation of monosodium glutamate, lysine, threonine and other amino acids. To improve the amino acid production, increase the sugar conversion rate, increase the fermentation yield and shorten the fermentation time.

The supplementation of betaine, an osmoprotective compatible solute, in the cultivation media has been widely used to protect bacterial cells. It facilitates the microbial production of useful compounds. Betaine supplementation upregulates the expression of zwf and increases the NADPH synthesis, which may be beneficial for the cell growth and thereby promote the production of l-threonine.

Add：Room 1003, Block B, Xiaoshan Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou

Tel：0086-571-83867633

Fax：0086-571-82750399

E-mail：sales@healthy-tech.com.cn

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive

By Jabed Ahmed

A new Covid variant has been reported across the globe with fears it will soon be the dominant strain of the illness.

Cases of the XEC variant, first detected in Germany in June, have since been reported in the UK, United States, Denmark and other countries. Experts say the strain is now “taking charge” and will likely continue to spread globally.

Researchers predicted in August this variant could take anywhere from few weeks to a couple months to take off and spread more rapidly.

The strain has now been detected in at least 29 countries and 24 US states.

XEC, a sublineage of the omicron variant, was first reported in Berlin, Germany, in June and is now spreading “quite rapidly” across Europe, North America and Asia, according to Covid data analyst Mike Honey.

The Czech Republic had the highest prevalence of the variant as 16 per cent of Covid case samples from the country contained XEC.

The strain, a combination of the KS.1.1 and KP.3.3 variants, presents symptoms similar to those of other Covid variants including tiredness, headaches, a sore throat and high temperatures. However, researchers have called for monitoring the XEC variant more closely to better understand its symptoms.

Prof Francois Balloux, Director of the Genetics Institute at University College London told the BBC that the XEC variant is more contagious but that vaccines should still offer good protection as it is from the Omicron family. He says it is possible XEC will become the dominant subvariant over the winter though.

KS.1.1 is a type of what’s commonly called a FLiRT variant.

It is characterised by mutations in the building block molecules phenylalanine (F) altered to leucine (L), and arginine (R) to threonine (T) on the spike protein that the virus uses to attach to human cells.

The second omicron subvariant KP.3.3 belongs to the category FLuQE where the amino acid glutamine (Q) is mutated to glutamic acid (E) on the spike protein, making its binding to human cells more effective.

As the novel coronavirus continues to evolve, data suggests XEC is growing steadily each day with an advantage over previously known subvariants.

Its symptoms are similar to those of previous Covid variants, including fever, sore throat, cough, loss of sense of smell, loss of appetite, and body aches.

But since it is still only a sub-family of the same omicron lineage, experts say keeping up to date with vaccines and booster shots would offer sufficient protection against severe illness and hospitalisation.

The US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention also advises people to practise good hygiene and to take steps for cleaner air.

Researchers have called for monitoring the XEC variant more closely to better understand its symptoms.

[promoisru]

Methionine is one of the most important amino acids used in livestock feeds and premixes for all animal species. Methionine is an essential or limiting amino acid for poultry and swine. It serves as a nutrient facilitating the efficient production of high-quality chicken meat and pork.

BENEFITS

Helps to build the immune system.

Increases feed efficiency, muscle development, and better yield.

Improve body weight, feed Intake, and feed conversion ratio in broiler.

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒊𝒔 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 Manufactures a Range of Feed Grade Amino Acids which Include - DL-Methionine, L-Threonine, Lysine, Tryptophan, Valine, etc.

For Purchase - https://bit.ly/3EQKmRC

Feel free to reach us for all your business queries and bulk Orders. 🌐: www.promoisinternational.com ✉️ : customercare@promois.ru 📞: 075248 71004

[leedsomics]

Development of a rapid and highly accurate method for 13C tracer-based metabolomics and its application on a hydrogenotrophic methanogen

Microfluidic capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a rapid and highly accurate method to determine isotopomer patterns in isotopically labeled compounds. Here, we developed a novel method for tracer-based metabolomics using CE-MS for underivatized proteinogenic amino acids. The method consisting of a ZipChip CE system and a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer allows us to obtain highly accurate data from 1 L of 100 nmol/L mol amino acids comparable to a mere 1 x 104-5 prokaryotic cells. To validate the capability of the CE-MS method, we analyzed 16 protein-derived amino acids from a methanogenic archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus as a model organism, and the mass spectra showed sharp peaks with low mass errors and background noise. Tracer-based metabolome analysis was then performed to identify the central carbon metabolism in M. thermautotrophicus using 13C-labeled substrates. The mass isotopomer distributions of serine, aspartate, and glutamate revealed the co-occurrence of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and an incomplete reductive TCA cycle for carbon fixation. In addition, biosynthesis pathways of 15 amino acids were constructed based on the mass isotopomer distributions of the detected protein-derived amino acid, genomic information, and public database. Among them, the presence of the alternative enzymes of alanine dehydrogenase, ornithine cyclodeaminase, and homoserine kinase was suggested in the biosynthesis pathways of alanine, proline, and threonine, respectively. To our knowledge, the novel 13C tracer-based metabolomics using CE-MS is the most efficient method to identify central carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways and is applicable to in any kind of isolated microbe. http://dlvr.it/SvT3qC

[tenth-sentence]

As with cryptochrome and phytochrome, the N-terminal photosensory region of the phototropins controls the activity of the C-terminal half of the protein, which contains a serine/threonine kinase domain (see Figure 16.21A).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

This results in activation of the transcription factors BRI1-EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BESI1) and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and subsequent gene expression (Figure 15.31). The BRI1 receptor belongs to the plasma membrane leucine rich repeat (LRR) subfamily of RLKs and contains an N-terminal extracellular domain that binds brassinolide, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain with specificity toward tyrosine, serine, or threonine residues (see Figure 15.31). Upon binding brassinolide, homodimers of BRI1 are activated and heterooligomerize with the RLK BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) (see Figure 15.31); both RLKs undergo auto- and transphosphorylation during activation. (...) In the presence of brassinolide, the activated phosphatase BSU1 dephosphorylates BIN2 and promotes its degradation by the 26S proteasome system, thus blocking its activity (see steps 6 and 7 in Figure 15.31). (...) Similarly, brassinosteroid binding to the receptor kinase BRI1 causes the repressor protein BIN2 to become inactivated, resulting in activation of the transcription factors BES1 and BZR1 (see Figure 15.31). (...) As noted above, protein dephosphorylation is employed by the brassinosteroid pathway to inactivate the repressor protein BIN2 (see Figure 15.31).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.