#Koplik

[yououghtaknow]

god. so many experiences in the universe are shared without any of us even realising. and we can connect across lifetimes and continents through art.

[mounadiloun]

Une loi du retour pour les Juifs en Espagne

En 2015, le gouvernement espagnol, alors dirigé par le Parti Populaire, un parti de droite, a adopté une loi permettant aux descendants de Juifs chassés d’Espagne après 1492 de solliciter la nationalité espagnole en sus de la nationalité qu’ils ont déjà. Cette loi présentée comme traduisant une volonté de réparation était surtout dictée par une volonté de se rapprocher de manière plus étroite du…

[lysseva]

A third monochrome added to my collection 🖤🩶🤍

[godlessondheimite]

I saw Outsiders and would be very curious about your take. Thought the production design and choreography were superb but the book is mediocre and the score is...weak.

I’m tempted to see it because Matt Koplik liked it and we tend to be finnicky in the same ways

[thoughtportal]

A 4-year-old from Detroit has a confirmed case of the measles, and potentially exposed others while seeking treatment for the highly infectious virus at DMC Children's Hospital of Michigan, an urgent care center and a pharmacy in the city, the Detroit Health Department announced Wednesday.

It is Michigan's fifth documented measles case this year.

The child was unvaccinated, said Dr. Claudia Richardson, the city health department's medical director, and had no history of international travel. Measles is so contagious, 90% of unvaccinated people who are exposed to the virus will become infected.

City health officials said they are working with the state health department to investigate where the child might have been exposed to the virus. So far, however, the case appears to be isolated, Richardson said.

"This is definitely an ongoing investigation," she said, "so we're in the middle of that. At this time, we do not have a source of the infection."

The child was not hospitalized, Richardson said, but was treated in the emergency department at Children's Hospital and is now following isolation protocol.

Anyone who was at the following places at these times and dates may have been exposed to the virus:

From noon to 3 p.m. April 1 at Acadian Urgent Care, 2117 Springwells, Detroit.

From 1:45-4 p.m. April 1 at the Rite Health Pharmacy, 5851 W. Vernor, Detroit.

From 5-10 a.m. April 3 in the emergency department at DMC Children’s Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit.

Children’s Hospital of Michigan did not respond to questions from the Free Press about how many people may have been exposed to the measles in the emergency department on April 3 or about how the hospital is notifying them.

Health leaders urge anyone who might have been exposed to the virus April 1-3 to monitor themselves for symptoms for 21 days. If symptoms develop, call ahead before visiting a doctor, urgent care center or hospital emergency room so precautions may be taken to avoid exposing others.

"We're ... doing our routine communicable disease investigation, which requires us to reach out to anyone that may have had direct contact. So far, all we know are family members," Richardson said, adding: "We are trying to get the word out the best we can."

What are the symptoms of measles?

Measles symptoms typically begin seven to 14 days after exposure, but can first appear as long as 21 days after exposure and can include:

High fever that could reach 104 degrees or higher.

Cough.

Runny nose.

Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis).

Tiny white spots on the inner cheeks, gums and roof of the mouth called Koplik Spots, which usually appear two to three days after symptoms begin.

A rash that starts on the face and spreads to the trunk, arms and legs, typically three to five days after symptoms begin. The rash is red, raised and blotchy.

"Infected people can spread measles before noticing any symptoms, including four days before and four days after the rash appears," Denise Fair Razo, chief public health officer for the Detroit health department, said in a statement. "Our best advice is to get vaccinated against measles if you have not already done so. It is part of the two-dose measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) series of childhood vaccines."

2 doses of MMR vaccine are 97% effective at preventing measles

Measles infections are preventable with widespread vaccination. Two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR), offer 97% protection from infection. A single dose is about 93% effective.

However, in Michigan, immunization rates have fallen to 66% among Michigan toddlers — the lowest point in more than a decade for recommended childhood immunizations, according to MDHHS.

More:Measles cases send Michigan health authorities scrambling to avoid bigger outbreak

What is the recommendation for measles vaccinations?

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends:

A first dose of the MMR vaccine for children ages 12-15 months old, with a booster dose administered between ages 4 and 6.

Anyone born in or after 1957 without evidence of immunity against measles or documentation of having been vaccinated with two doses of MMR vaccine should get vaccinated.

Two doses are recommended for adults at high risk, such as international travelers, college students and health care personnel born during or after 1957.

People exposed to measles who cannot document immunity against the virus should get post-exposure prophylaxis — a dose of the vaccine to potentially provide protection within 72 hours of initial exposure, or immunoglobulin within six days of exposure.

How serious is a measles infection?

Measles can cause serious illness, long-term disability and death in people of all ages.

About 1 in 5 people who get the measles end up hospitalized, according to the CDC, and 1 in 20 kids with measles develops pneumonia. Roughly 1 out of every 1,000 children who have measles infections will also have encephalitis. Brain swelling from encephalitis can lead to convulsions, permanent hearing loss, intellectual disability and death.

Anywhere from 1 to 3 out of every 1,000 children with measles dies from respiratory or neurologic complications from the virus.

"We've had the vaccine since 1963, and before the vaccine was available, every year across the U.S., between 400 and 500 people died," Dr. Natasha Bagdasarian, Michigan's chief medical officer, told the Free Press for a previous article. "Four hundred to 500 people may not seem like ... huge numbers, but it is a lot, especially if you're talking about your loved one or your child."

Notification too late for post-exposure treatment

The Detroit child's measles case was confirmed Tuesday, Richardson said, but public notification was not made until Wednesday afternoon, when anyone who was potentially exposed to the virus would be outside the window for treatment with post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent infection.

A dose of the MMR vaccine can be administered 72 hours of initial measles exposure and immunoglobulin can be given intravenously within six days of exposure to potentially prevent illness, according to the CDC.

By Wednesday afternoon, that window had closed.

"We are out of both of those windows and ... we were going through the dates very rigorously," Richardson said.

What can be done now, she said, is to educate the public about the potential exposures, what to do if they develop symptoms, and to urge vaccination.

"That's where we're focusing," Richardson said. "When situations like this arise, it brings preventable diseases such as measles to the forefront. ... It's the perfect opportunity for us to stress the importance of vaccination."

More:State's top doctor: Measles outbreak likely in Michigan because of low vaccination rates

The Detroit Health Department offers vaccinations for measles and all childhood vaccination series, plus COVID-19, flu and Mpox at its Immunizations Clinic at 100 Mack Ave. Hours are: 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Mondays-Fridays by appointment. Walk-ins are welcome from 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Late hours are available on the first and third Thursdays of each month, when the clinic is open 10 a.m.-6:30 p.m.

To learn more or to schedule, go to: www.detroitmi.gov/health or call 313-876-4667.

Michigan is not at outbreak status

This is the fifth known measles case in Michigan in 2024.

Two cases were identified in March in Washtenaw County. The second person is believed to have been exposed to the virus at Trinity Health Ann Arbor's waiting and triage area, where another Washtenaw County resident contagious with measles had gone for care.

An adult from Wayne County who had traveled internationally and had no record of measles immunization had the virus in February.

An Oakland County child who was unvaccinated and had traveled internationally was the first known case of measles in Michigan this year, state health officials announced Feb. 23.

Although Michigan health leaders have reported five measles cases since February, the situation doesn't yet rise to the level of an outbreak, according to the definition set by the CDC, which identifies an outbreak as a chain of transmission including three or more cases linked in time and space.

As of April 4, there have been 113 cases of measles in the U.S. this year, according to the CDC, and 58% of the people infected with the virus nationally in 2024 have been hospitalized for isolation or for management of measles complications.

Among those 113 cases, the CDC has recognized seven measles outbreaks, which include 73% of cases identified in 2024.

Comparatively, there were 58 total U.S. measles cases in 2023 and four outbreaks.

[danielwege-blog]

Ação Penedo Contra o Sarampo alerta sobre a importância da vacinação

News https://portal.esgagenda.com/acao-penedo-contra-o-sarampo-alerta-sobre-a-importancia-da-vacinacao/

Ação Penedo Contra o Sarampo alerta sobre a importância da vacinação

O sarampo é uma doença altamente contagiosa que já foi uma das principais causas de mortalidade infantil em todo o mundo, situação revertida a partir da descoberta da vacina na década de 1960.

O uso massivo em campanhas de vacinação gerou o nível de controle do sarampo, até o surgimento recente do negacionismo. O ressurgimento da doença era só uma questão de tempo e já ocorre em países como Estados Unidos, Canadá, Argentina e agora no Brasil.

O Ministério da Saúde já confirmou casos de sarampo em São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Distrito Federal e no Rio Grande do Sul, sendo que a única forma de evitar a contaminação é estar imunizado.

Por isso, a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) de Penedo realizou uma ação de alerta sobre a reintrodução do sarampo no Brasil, com equipe da saúde informando a população sobre a importância da vacina tríplice viral como prevenção.

“A queda nas taxas de vacinação no Brasil tem permitido a reintrodução do sarampo em algumas regiões, por isso tivemos a ideia de levar a informação para a população e fazer o alerta sobre a importância da vacinação”, reforça a Secretária Municipal de Saúde, Waninna Mendonça, sobre o procedimento disponível em todos os postos de saúde de Penedo.

De acordo com o Ministério da Saúde, a administração da primeira dose deve ser aplicada aos 12 meses de idade (tríplice viral – sarampo, caxumba e rubéola) e a segunda aos 15 meses (tetra viral– sarampo, caxumba, rubéola e varicela).

Adultos com idade até 29 anos que não tomaram a vacina quando criança seguem o mesmo esquema vacinal, ou seja, precisa tomar duas doses. Quem tem mais de 30 anos de idade e nunca foi vacinado contra sarampo precisa receber apenas uma dose.

O sarampo é uma doença cuja transmissão ocorre por meio de gotículas liberadas por pessoa doente ao tossir, espirrar, falar ou até respirar. O vírus pode permanecer ativo em superfícies e no ar por várias horas, aumentando o risco de contaminação da doença que pode ocasionar pneumonia, infecções de ouvido, inflamação no cérebro e até óbito.

Os principais sintomas do sarampo são: febre alta; manchas vermelhas na pele, que começam no rosto e atrás das orelhas e se espalham pelo corpo; tosse e coriza; olhos vermelhos e irritados; pequenas manchas brancas dentro da boca (conhecidas como manchas de Koplik) e cansaço intenso.

Gabriela Flores – Secom Penedo 

[drsanoberpezad]

Global Measles OUTBREAK! Here’s what you need to know #shorts

The CDC has declared a global measles outbreak! Measles is a highly contagious viral infection. The early symptoms include moderate fever, Cough, Runny nose, Red eyes, and/or Sore throat A few days later you might notice Blue-white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots)followed by the classic Red-brown rash and High fever Don’t panic. Be watchful. Take care of yourself and your family. Share this…

[nursingwriter]

Measles is a highly contagious disease. It is caused by an RNA virus that changes constantly. Measles symptoms usually include a bad cough, sneezing, runny nose, red eyes, sensitivity to light, and a very high fever. Red patches with white grain like centers appear along the gum line in the mouth two to four days after the first symptoms show. These patches are called Koplik spots because Henry Koplick first noticed them in 1896. The Spots are important to diagnose measles. A characteristic red rash in measles is red spots starting at the hairline and going down to the face, body, and limbs. Measles usually ends with a complete recovery, but some rare complications can occur with the lungs and brain. In 1978, the U.S. Public Health Service started vaccinating for measles. All school age children were vaccinated. Two years later the measles virus occurring went down 99%. Now days, measles is very rare and all children are vaccinated for it in the industrialized world, however this is not the case in China (WHO, 2011). Nearly 100 million children in China will be vaccinated against measles to help eliminate the disease, a leading cause of avoidable death and disability in developing countries. There were more than 52,000 cases of measles in China in 2009. Although most people recover from the highly contagious viral disease, some suffer serious complications like blindness, encephalitis, severe diarrhea, pneumonia and ear infections. Michael O'Leary, the WHO's representative in China, said China's measles cases made up 86% of all cases in the western Pacific. O'Leary said residents of remote areas, huge urban expanses and the large migrant population may have less access to vaccines and not be protected against measles. Globally, 164,000 people died from measles in 2008 - mostly children under the age of five, or 18 deaths every hour. To eliminate measles, every child should get two doses, the second given after the age of one year. David Hipgrave, chief of health and nutrition at UNICEF China (United Nations Children's Fund), said the Chinese campaign would be a single-dose exercise. "It's a catch-up campaign to boost the levels of immunity among children who may have missed the second dose, or in whom one of the doses was not effective," he said (WHO, 2011). This in on top of news that in recent years, measles vaccination efforts have resulted in a drop from 7.6 per 1 million in 2011 from 28.6 per 1 million in 2010, which is a record low. Also, the total cases of measles reported in 2011 was down 74% (Stevenson, 210). Previously, China had ranked first in the world for years interms of its measles incidence rate before 2010, which compelled the country to enhance preventive measures. Despite all this, it is obvious that measles is proving a difficult disease to eradicate in developing countries such as China. But having said that I hope that with ongoing vaccination programs in the near future and with a little help from the nursing world of course, measles can be eradicated worldwide. Sources: Stevenson, J. 2010. China Embarks on Ambitious Anti-Measles Campaign. Voice of America. URL: http://www.voanews.com/english/news/China-Embarks-on-Ambitious-Anti-Measles-Campaign-103102759.html WHO. 2011. Guizhou paves way for measles elimination. URL: http://www.wpro.who.int/china/sites/epi/WS_20110209.htm Read the full article

[cachexiacomplication]

obsessed with the photo wikipedia has for koplik spots

[betterhealthdecision]

Measles: A Highly Contagious Yet Preventable Disease

Introduction

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children but can impact people of all ages. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, measles remains a major health concern in many parts of the world. This article explores the causes, symptoms, complications, prevention, and treatment of measles to help you stay informed and protected.

What is Measles?

Measles, also known as rubeola, is an airborne disease caused by the measles virus. It spreads easily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain in the air for up to two hours, making it highly contagious.

Symptoms of Measles

Symptoms of measles typically appear 10–14 days after exposure and include:

High fever

Runny nose

Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)

Cough

Small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik’s spots)

Rash that starts on the face and spreads downward

The rash is a characteristic sign of measles, usually appearing 3–5 days after the initial symptoms. It starts as flat red spots that gradually merge and cover most of the body.

Complications of Measles

While measles is often considered a childhood disease, it can lead to severe complications, especially in young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. Some common complications include:

Ear infections

Diarrhea and dehydration

Pneumonia

Encephalitis (brain inflammation)

Blindness

Death in severe cases

How is Measles Prevented?

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles. The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine provides long-term immunity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends:

First dose at 12–15 months of age

Second dose at 4–6 years of age

Adults who have not been vaccinated should also consider getting the MMR vaccine, especially if they plan to travel to areas where measles is prevalent.

Treatment for Measles

There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Supportive care focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Key measures include:

Rest and hydration

Fever-reducing medications (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)

Vitamin A supplements to reduce severity

Antibiotics if a bacterial infection develops as a complication

Importance of Global Vaccination

Despite vaccines being widely available, measles outbreaks still occur in areas with low vaccination rates. Misinformation, lack of access to healthcare, and vaccine hesitancy contribute to these outbreaks. Increasing global immunization coverage is crucial in eliminating measles and protecting vulnerable populations.

Conclusion

Measles is a serious but preventable disease. Vaccination remains the best defense against its spread, reducing the risk of complications and outbreaks. Staying informed and ensuring timely immunization can help protect individuals and communities from this highly contagious virus. If you or your child exhibit symptoms of measles, consult a healthcare provider immediately.

By prioritizing vaccination and awareness, we can work together to eliminate measles and safeguard global health.

[lysseva]

Sketch of Matrix to go with my other monochromes :)

[quiltofstars]

The NGC 5364 Group // Joshua Koplik

NGC 5364 is the large spiral galaxy towards the top.

[cleverhottubmiracle]

You've likely seen headlines about measles outbreaks across the United States and around the world — even after health experts declared the disease "eliminated" in the U.S. decades ago. Truth is, this highly contagious disease can still spread via people who aren't vaccinated here as well as unvaccinated travelers who bring measles to the U.S. from abroad.That’s concerning for everyone, but it’s especially scary if you have a baby who’s too young for the measles vaccine or hasn't gotten it yet, as the disease can lead to serious complications in young children.Since you can’t put your baby in a bubble until she’s vaccinated, here’s how to reduce the risk she'll get measles, and what to do if your child is inadvertently exposed to it. What is measles?Measles (also called rubeola) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that’s caused by a virus. Its telltale symptom is a rash that covers the body, starting on the head and spreading down.Children under the age of 5 are especially vulnerable to potential complications of measles, including: Ear infections, which can cause permanent hearing lossDiarrhea, which can put babies at risk of dehydrationBronchitis, laryngitis or croupPneumonia Swelling of the brain, known as encephalitis, which can leave a child with an intellectual or hearing disabilityAbout 1 in 5 people in the U.S. who get measles need to be hospitalized. Measles can also be fatal.When do babies get a measles vaccine?The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that babies receive a first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (which can be administered with the varicella vaccine, in which case it's known as the MMRV shot) when they’re 12 to 15 months old. A second dose should be given between the ages of 4 and 6 years old. The MMRV vaccine can be given to children 12 months to 12 years old. However, pediatricians often give the first dose of the MMR and varicella vaccines separately because there's a slight risk of febrile seizures after the first dose when they're given together. Can my baby get a measles vaccine before age 1?Not usually, but some babies may be able to get their first dose of the MMR vaccine between the ages of 6 and 12 months old if they live in an area with active measles outbreaks or if they'll be traveling internationally, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). American Academy of PediatricsProtecting Your Baby From a Measles Outbreak: FAQsSee All Sources [1]If you’re planning to travel to another country, especially one where measles is spreading, or if you live in an area where there is an active measles outbreak, talk to your practitioner.Your child’s doctor will likely recommend giving your baby an initial dose of the MMR vaccine sooner, after she’s 6 months old. (She'll still need two more doses after that.)And if your child is at least 12 months old and not yet fully vaccinated, your doctor will usually suggest that she has the full two doses before you leave for your trip overseas, spaced at least 28 days apart."If one of my patients is traveling anywhere and is under 12 months old but above 6 months old, I would be perfectly fine giving an extra MMR dose," says Gina Posner, M.D., a pediatrician at MemorialCare Medical Group in Fountain Valley, California, and a member of the What to Expect Medical Review Board.What are the symptoms of measles in babies?The first measles symptoms Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMeasles (Rubeola) Signs and SymptomsSee All Sources [2] are similar to a cold or the flu and usually begin seven to 14 days after exposure to the virus. They include: Two to three days after the above symptoms appear, you may notice very small white spots (known as Koplik spots) in your child’s mouth.Three to five days after your child’s first symptoms start, a rash of tiny, flat, red spots will appear at the hairline.The rash then spreads down the body to the neck, torso, arms, legs, and feet, and lasts for about five to six days. Spots may join together in some areas, and a child may have spikes of high fever.If one of my patients is traveling anywhere and is under 12 months old but above 6 months old, I would be perfectly fine giving an extra MMR dose. Dr. Gina Posner, a pediatrician in California and a member of the What to Expect Medical Review Board.Are roseola and measles the same thing?Some parents confuse measles in babies for roseola due to their similar symptoms. It doesn't help that "roseola" and "rubeola" (another name for measles) sound alike. However, different viruses cause roseola and measles, and roseola rarely causes complications in healthy kids. Roseola infections start with three to five days of high fever and sometimes a sore throat, cough, runny nose, and swollen lymph nodes. A rash that lasts a few hours to a few days may then follow. How can you tell the difference between the two diseases? The rashes caused by each virus vary slightly. The measles rash is flat and starts on the face, then spreads down the body.With the roseola rash, some spots may be raised, and they start on the torso. The rash may then spread to the face, legs, and arms. You might also notice a white ring around some of the spots, which turn white when you press on them. Another difference, says Dr. Posner, is that with measles, your baby may look and act very sick when the rash appears, but with roseola, children typically have begun to feel better by the time the rash surfaces.If you aren’t sure whether your child has roseola or measles, or if you’re at all concerned about your baby’s symptoms, reach out to your child’s pediatrician right away.What causes measles in babies?Measles is caused by a virus and circulates much like the common cold. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets containing the virus enter the air. These droplets eventually fall and contaminate nearby surfaces.An unvaccinated baby can then catch the disease by breathing in contaminated air droplets or by touching an infected surface and then touching her face.The measles virus is highly contagious. One person who’s sick with the measles will infect 90% of the unvaccinated people around them and can spread the disease for up to four days before and four days after developing a rash.An unvaccinated baby can catch the measles just from being in the same room as a sick person, even if the person left up to two hours earlier.Your baby is at greater risk of the measles if she’s:UnvaccinatedTraveling internationallyUnvaccinated and in an area with an active measles outbreakDeficient in vitamin A, which is rare in the U.S. but can cause more severe complicationsMothers who were vaccinated against measles as children may pass on some protection and immunity to their babies, says Dr. Posner."The immunity from Mom can be very helpful," Dr. Posner says. "But there is a gap between the six months it can last (as long as Mom is immune and nursing) and the time when babies typically get the vaccine at 12 months."What happens if a baby is exposed to measles?If you think your baby may have come in contact with the measles virus, call the pediatrician ASAP. If your child is unvaccinated and not yet showing symptoms, your doctor may recommend IV immunoglobulin. Given early enough, this antibody injection can reduce the risk of infection and lower the odds of complications. The doctor may also suggest giving your little one a dose of the MMR vaccine, which can help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if it’s done within 72 hours of contact with the virus.No matter if or when you think your little one was exposed to the virus, your doctor may do a quick blood draw to test for measles. If it comes back positive, your practitioner may refer you to your local health department and recommend isolating your baby at home for four days before and four days after a rash appears.How do you treat measles in babies?There is no specific treatment for measles. Measles treatments in babies focus on managing symptoms and include:Fever reducers. Age-appropriate medications to manage fever and pain may include acetaminophen (for babies 3 months and older) or ibuprofen (for babies 6 months and older). Check with your doctor before giving your child either medication, and carefully follow dosing instructions.Saline nose drops. Regularly flushing out your baby’s nose with saline drops can help relieve stuffiness.Salt water rinse. Cleaning the mouth with fresh water with a tiny pinch of salt several times a day helps ease soreness.Antibiotics. A prescription can help treat any bacterial infections caused by measles, such as an ear infection or pneumonia, but not measles itself.Vitamin A. Your doctor may suggest a high dose of vitamin A, which may help reduce the severity of measles.How can I protect my newborn from measles?For starters, be mindful of who interacts with your baby. Keep your child away from anyone who has not been vaccinated and has traveled or lived in an area with measles.It's also best to avoid crowded indoor spaces like movie theaters and malls when you're with your baby.If you live in an area where a measles outbreak is happening, talk to your child’s pediatrician about your options, which may include getting the MMR/MMRV vaccine early.Otherwise, be sure to follow your child’s recommended vaccination schedule and get her first and second MMR dose on time. While measles in babies remains relatively rare in the U.S., the measles shots could save her life. Babies typically receive the first dose of the measles (MMR) vaccine between 12 and 15 months old, with a second dose between 4 and 6 years. However, if you live in an area with an active measles outbreak or are traveling to a region with measles, your baby may be eligible for an early dose between 6 and 12 months.Measles in babies starts with cold-like symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and high fever. The rash typically appears three to five days after symptoms begin. Babies under 5 are especially at risk for serious complications, such as ear infections, pneumonia, and brain swelling, which can lead to long-term disabilities.To reduce your baby's risk of catching measles, avoid exposing your baby to unvaccinated people and stay away from crowded places, especially during an outbreak. If you think your baby has been exposed to measles, contact your pediatrician immediately. Early intervention with treatments like the MMR vaccine or immunoglobulin may help reduce the severity of symptoms.Was this article helpful?Thanks for your feedback! Source link

[norajworld]

You've likely seen headlines about measles outbreaks across the United States and around the world — even after health experts declared the disease "eliminated" in the U.S. decades ago. Truth is, this highly contagious disease can still spread via people who aren't vaccinated here as well as unvaccinated travelers who bring measles to the U.S. from abroad.That’s concerning for everyone, but it’s especially scary if you have a baby who’s too young for the measles vaccine or hasn't gotten it yet, as the disease can lead to serious complications in young children.Since you can’t put your baby in a bubble until she’s vaccinated, here’s how to reduce the risk she'll get measles, and what to do if your child is inadvertently exposed to it. What is measles?Measles (also called rubeola) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that’s caused by a virus. Its telltale symptom is a rash that covers the body, starting on the head and spreading down.Children under the age of 5 are especially vulnerable to potential complications of measles, including: Ear infections, which can cause permanent hearing lossDiarrhea, which can put babies at risk of dehydrationBronchitis, laryngitis or croupPneumonia Swelling of the brain, known as encephalitis, which can leave a child with an intellectual or hearing disabilityAbout 1 in 5 people in the U.S. who get measles need to be hospitalized. Measles can also be fatal.When do babies get a measles vaccine?The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that babies receive a first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (which can be administered with the varicella vaccine, in which case it's known as the MMRV shot) when they’re 12 to 15 months old. A second dose should be given between the ages of 4 and 6 years old. The MMRV vaccine can be given to children 12 months to 12 years old. However, pediatricians often give the first dose of the MMR and varicella vaccines separately because there's a slight risk of febrile seizures after the first dose when they're given together. Can my baby get a measles vaccine before age 1?Not usually, but some babies may be able to get their first dose of the MMR vaccine between the ages of 6 and 12 months old if they live in an area with active measles outbreaks or if they'll be traveling internationally, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). American Academy of PediatricsProtecting Your Baby From a Measles Outbreak: FAQsSee All Sources [1]If you’re planning to travel to another country, especially one where measles is spreading, or if you live in an area where there is an active measles outbreak, talk to your practitioner.Your child’s doctor will likely recommend giving your baby an initial dose of the MMR vaccine sooner, after she’s 6 months old. (She'll still need two more doses after that.)And if your child is at least 12 months old and not yet fully vaccinated, your doctor will usually suggest that she has the full two doses before you leave for your trip overseas, spaced at least 28 days apart."If one of my patients is traveling anywhere and is under 12 months old but above 6 months old, I would be perfectly fine giving an extra MMR dose," says Gina Posner, M.D., a pediatrician at MemorialCare Medical Group in Fountain Valley, California, and a member of the What to Expect Medical Review Board.What are the symptoms of measles in babies?The first measles symptoms Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMeasles (Rubeola) Signs and SymptomsSee All Sources [2] are similar to a cold or the flu and usually begin seven to 14 days after exposure to the virus. They include: Two to three days after the above symptoms appear, you may notice very small white spots (known as Koplik spots) in your child’s mouth.Three to five days after your child’s first symptoms start, a rash of tiny, flat, red spots will appear at the hairline.The rash then spreads down the body to the neck, torso, arms, legs, and feet, and lasts for about five to six days. Spots may join together in some areas, and a child may have spikes of high fever.If one of my patients is traveling anywhere and is under 12 months old but above 6 months old, I would be perfectly fine giving an extra MMR dose. Dr. Gina Posner, a pediatrician in California and a member of the What to Expect Medical Review Board.Are roseola and measles the same thing?Some parents confuse measles in babies for roseola due to their similar symptoms. It doesn't help that "roseola" and "rubeola" (another name for measles) sound alike. However, different viruses cause roseola and measles, and roseola rarely causes complications in healthy kids. Roseola infections start with three to five days of high fever and sometimes a sore throat, cough, runny nose, and swollen lymph nodes. A rash that lasts a few hours to a few days may then follow. How can you tell the difference between the two diseases? The rashes caused by each virus vary slightly. The measles rash is flat and starts on the face, then spreads down the body.With the roseola rash, some spots may be raised, and they start on the torso. The rash may then spread to the face, legs, and arms. You might also notice a white ring around some of the spots, which turn white when you press on them. Another difference, says Dr. Posner, is that with measles, your baby may look and act very sick when the rash appears, but with roseola, children typically have begun to feel better by the time the rash surfaces.If you aren’t sure whether your child has roseola or measles, or if you’re at all concerned about your baby’s symptoms, reach out to your child’s pediatrician right away.What causes measles in babies?Measles is caused by a virus and circulates much like the common cold. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets containing the virus enter the air. These droplets eventually fall and contaminate nearby surfaces.An unvaccinated baby can then catch the disease by breathing in contaminated air droplets or by touching an infected surface and then touching her face.The measles virus is highly contagious. One person who’s sick with the measles will infect 90% of the unvaccinated people around them and can spread the disease for up to four days before and four days after developing a rash.An unvaccinated baby can catch the measles just from being in the same room as a sick person, even if the person left up to two hours earlier.Your baby is at greater risk of the measles if she’s:UnvaccinatedTraveling internationallyUnvaccinated and in an area with an active measles outbreakDeficient in vitamin A, which is rare in the U.S. but can cause more severe complicationsMothers who were vaccinated against measles as children may pass on some protection and immunity to their babies, says Dr. Posner."The immunity from Mom can be very helpful," Dr. Posner says. "But there is a gap between the six months it can last (as long as Mom is immune and nursing) and the time when babies typically get the vaccine at 12 months."What happens if a baby is exposed to measles?If you think your baby may have come in contact with the measles virus, call the pediatrician ASAP. If your child is unvaccinated and not yet showing symptoms, your doctor may recommend IV immunoglobulin. Given early enough, this antibody injection can reduce the risk of infection and lower the odds of complications. The doctor may also suggest giving your little one a dose of the MMR vaccine, which can help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if it’s done within 72 hours of contact with the virus.No matter if or when you think your little one was exposed to the virus, your doctor may do a quick blood draw to test for measles. If it comes back positive, your practitioner may refer you to your local health department and recommend isolating your baby at home for four days before and four days after a rash appears.How do you treat measles in babies?There is no specific treatment for measles. Measles treatments in babies focus on managing symptoms and include:Fever reducers. Age-appropriate medications to manage fever and pain may include acetaminophen (for babies 3 months and older) or ibuprofen (for babies 6 months and older). Check with your doctor before giving your child either medication, and carefully follow dosing instructions.Saline nose drops. Regularly flushing out your baby’s nose with saline drops can help relieve stuffiness.Salt water rinse. Cleaning the mouth with fresh water with a tiny pinch of salt several times a day helps ease soreness.Antibiotics. A prescription can help treat any bacterial infections caused by measles, such as an ear infection or pneumonia, but not measles itself.Vitamin A. Your doctor may suggest a high dose of vitamin A, which may help reduce the severity of measles.How can I protect my newborn from measles?For starters, be mindful of who interacts with your baby. Keep your child away from anyone who has not been vaccinated and has traveled or lived in an area with measles.It's also best to avoid crowded indoor spaces like movie theaters and malls when you're with your baby.If you live in an area where a measles outbreak is happening, talk to your child’s pediatrician about your options, which may include getting the MMR/MMRV vaccine early.Otherwise, be sure to follow your child’s recommended vaccination schedule and get her first and second MMR dose on time. While measles in babies remains relatively rare in the U.S., the measles shots could save her life. Babies typically receive the first dose of the measles (MMR) vaccine between 12 and 15 months old, with a second dose between 4 and 6 years. However, if you live in an area with an active measles outbreak or are traveling to a region with measles, your baby may be eligible for an early dose between 6 and 12 months.Measles in babies starts with cold-like symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and high fever. The rash typically appears three to five days after symptoms begin. Babies under 5 are especially at risk for serious complications, such as ear infections, pneumonia, and brain swelling, which can lead to long-term disabilities.To reduce your baby's risk of catching measles, avoid exposing your baby to unvaccinated people and stay away from crowded places, especially during an outbreak. If you think your baby has been exposed to measles, contact your pediatrician immediately. Early intervention with treatments like the MMR vaccine or immunoglobulin may help reduce the severity of symptoms.Was this article helpful?Thanks for your feedback! Source link

[chilimili212]

You've likely seen headlines about measles outbreaks across the United States and around the world — even after health experts declared the disease "eliminated" in the U.S. decades ago. Truth is, this highly contagious disease can still spread via people who aren't vaccinated here as well as unvaccinated travelers who bring measles to the U.S. from abroad.That’s concerning for everyone, but it’s especially scary if you have a baby who’s too young for the measles vaccine or hasn't gotten it yet, as the disease can lead to serious complications in young children.Since you can’t put your baby in a bubble until she’s vaccinated, here’s how to reduce the risk she'll get measles, and what to do if your child is inadvertently exposed to it. What is measles?Measles (also called rubeola) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that’s caused by a virus. Its telltale symptom is a rash that covers the body, starting on the head and spreading down.Children under the age of 5 are especially vulnerable to potential complications of measles, including: Ear infections, which can cause permanent hearing lossDiarrhea, which can put babies at risk of dehydrationBronchitis, laryngitis or croupPneumonia Swelling of the brain, known as encephalitis, which can leave a child with an intellectual or hearing disabilityAbout 1 in 5 people in the U.S. who get measles need to be hospitalized. Measles can also be fatal.When do babies get a measles vaccine?The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that babies receive a first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (which can be administered with the varicella vaccine, in which case it's known as the MMRV shot) when they’re 12 to 15 months old. A second dose should be given between the ages of 4 and 6 years old. The MMRV vaccine can be given to children 12 months to 12 years old. However, pediatricians often give the first dose of the MMR and varicella vaccines separately because there's a slight risk of febrile seizures after the first dose when they're given together. Can my baby get a measles vaccine before age 1?Not usually, but some babies may be able to get their first dose of the MMR vaccine between the ages of 6 and 12 months old if they live in an area with active measles outbreaks or if they'll be traveling internationally, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). American Academy of PediatricsProtecting Your Baby From a Measles Outbreak: FAQsSee All Sources [1]If you’re planning to travel to another country, especially one where measles is spreading, or if you live in an area where there is an active measles outbreak, talk to your practitioner.Your child’s doctor will likely recommend giving your baby an initial dose of the MMR vaccine sooner, after she’s 6 months old. (She'll still need two more doses after that.)And if your child is at least 12 months old and not yet fully vaccinated, your doctor will usually suggest that she has the full two doses before you leave for your trip overseas, spaced at least 28 days apart."If one of my patients is traveling anywhere and is under 12 months old but above 6 months old, I would be perfectly fine giving an extra MMR dose," says Gina Posner, M.D., a pediatrician at MemorialCare Medical Group in Fountain Valley, California, and a member of the What to Expect Medical Review Board.What are the symptoms of measles in babies?The first measles symptoms Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMeasles (Rubeola) Signs and SymptomsSee All Sources [2] are similar to a cold or the flu and usually begin seven to 14 days after exposure to the virus. They include: Two to three days after the above symptoms appear, you may notice very small white spots (known as Koplik spots) in your child’s mouth.Three to five days after your child’s first symptoms start, a rash of tiny, flat, red spots will appear at the hairline.The rash then spreads down the body to the neck, torso, arms, legs, and feet, and lasts for about five to six days. Spots may join together in some areas, and a child may have spikes of high fever.If one of my patients is traveling anywhere and is under 12 months old but above 6 months old, I would be perfectly fine giving an extra MMR dose. Dr. Gina Posner, a pediatrician in California and a member of the What to Expect Medical Review Board.Are roseola and measles the same thing?Some parents confuse measles in babies for roseola due to their similar symptoms. It doesn't help that "roseola" and "rubeola" (another name for measles) sound alike. However, different viruses cause roseola and measles, and roseola rarely causes complications in healthy kids. Roseola infections start with three to five days of high fever and sometimes a sore throat, cough, runny nose, and swollen lymph nodes. A rash that lasts a few hours to a few days may then follow. How can you tell the difference between the two diseases? The rashes caused by each virus vary slightly. The measles rash is flat and starts on the face, then spreads down the body.With the roseola rash, some spots may be raised, and they start on the torso. The rash may then spread to the face, legs, and arms. You might also notice a white ring around some of the spots, which turn white when you press on them. Another difference, says Dr. Posner, is that with measles, your baby may look and act very sick when the rash appears, but with roseola, children typically have begun to feel better by the time the rash surfaces.If you aren’t sure whether your child has roseola or measles, or if you’re at all concerned about your baby’s symptoms, reach out to your child’s pediatrician right away.What causes measles in babies?Measles is caused by a virus and circulates much like the common cold. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets containing the virus enter the air. These droplets eventually fall and contaminate nearby surfaces.An unvaccinated baby can then catch the disease by breathing in contaminated air droplets or by touching an infected surface and then touching her face.The measles virus is highly contagious. One person who’s sick with the measles will infect 90% of the unvaccinated people around them and can spread the disease for up to four days before and four days after developing a rash.An unvaccinated baby can catch the measles just from being in the same room as a sick person, even if the person left up to two hours earlier.Your baby is at greater risk of the measles if she’s:UnvaccinatedTraveling internationallyUnvaccinated and in an area with an active measles outbreakDeficient in vitamin A, which is rare in the U.S. but can cause more severe complicationsMothers who were vaccinated against measles as children may pass on some protection and immunity to their babies, says Dr. Posner."The immunity from Mom can be very helpful," Dr. Posner says. "But there is a gap between the six months it can last (as long as Mom is immune and nursing) and the time when babies typically get the vaccine at 12 months."What happens if a baby is exposed to measles?If you think your baby may have come in contact with the measles virus, call the pediatrician ASAP. If your child is unvaccinated and not yet showing symptoms, your doctor may recommend IV immunoglobulin. Given early enough, this antibody injection can reduce the risk of infection and lower the odds of complications. The doctor may also suggest giving your little one a dose of the MMR vaccine, which can help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if it’s done within 72 hours of contact with the virus.No matter if or when you think your little one was exposed to the virus, your doctor may do a quick blood draw to test for measles. If it comes back positive, your practitioner may refer you to your local health department and recommend isolating your baby at home for four days before and four days after a rash appears.How do you treat measles in babies?There is no specific treatment for measles. Measles treatments in babies focus on managing symptoms and include:Fever reducers. Age-appropriate medications to manage fever and pain may include acetaminophen (for babies 3 months and older) or ibuprofen (for babies 6 months and older). Check with your doctor before giving your child either medication, and carefully follow dosing instructions.Saline nose drops. Regularly flushing out your baby’s nose with saline drops can help relieve stuffiness.Salt water rinse. Cleaning the mouth with fresh water with a tiny pinch of salt several times a day helps ease soreness.Antibiotics. A prescription can help treat any bacterial infections caused by measles, such as an ear infection or pneumonia, but not measles itself.Vitamin A. Your doctor may suggest a high dose of vitamin A, which may help reduce the severity of measles.How can I protect my newborn from measles?For starters, be mindful of who interacts with your baby. Keep your child away from anyone who has not been vaccinated and has traveled or lived in an area with measles.It's also best to avoid crowded indoor spaces like movie theaters and malls when you're with your baby.If you live in an area where a measles outbreak is happening, talk to your child’s pediatrician about your options, which may include getting the MMR/MMRV vaccine early.Otherwise, be sure to follow your child’s recommended vaccination schedule and get her first and second MMR dose on time. While measles in babies remains relatively rare in the U.S., the measles shots could save her life. Babies typically receive the first dose of the measles (MMR) vaccine between 12 and 15 months old, with a second dose between 4 and 6 years. However, if you live in an area with an active measles outbreak or are traveling to a region with measles, your baby may be eligible for an early dose between 6 and 12 months.Measles in babies starts with cold-like symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and high fever. The rash typically appears three to five days after symptoms begin. Babies under 5 are especially at risk for serious complications, such as ear infections, pneumonia, and brain swelling, which can lead to long-term disabilities.To reduce your baby's risk of catching measles, avoid exposing your baby to unvaccinated people and stay away from crowded places, especially during an outbreak. If you think your baby has been exposed to measles, contact your pediatrician immediately. Early intervention with treatments like the MMR vaccine or immunoglobulin may help reduce the severity of symptoms.Was this article helpful?Thanks for your feedback! Source link

[windona]

For my 'study for exam' fic prompts, I was asked to do Viktor from Arcane with measles!

By the time word had begun to spread of an infection, it was already too late.

Later, much later, the doctor would explain how this disease had an incubation period of fourteen days before showing symptoms, but could be spread five days before symptoms appeared. The doctor would also explain how it was caused by the paramyxovirus, and how it hung in the air even after an infected person left and invited other infections. Even topside had no medicine for it, and no way to prevent it besides quarantine.

That was not an option in the Undercity. People who were well enough to work usually had to.

All Viktor knew was that word had spread of an infection, and soon he found himself with a high fever, barking cough, burning eyes, and snot running out of his nose. Within two or three days, his mother saw little white spots ("Koplik spots," the doctor said) inside his mouth. When the red rash began on his face and progressed down his body, that was when the fever truly began to spike and get severe.

His mother kept on propping him up, giving him thin soup or outright broth. He tried to push her away once, insisting she would get sick too, but she shook her head.

"I had it when I was younger, too. It is one of those diseases people cannot get twice." She smiled at him, then changed the damp cloth on his forehead.

Another day came, and his mother propped him up. "Bread soup," she said, and Viktor drank the salty sweet broth. He still felt the exanthem inside his mouth and dotting his entire body. When he was awake, he saw his mother fervently cleaning the house.

Eventually, the fever broke and the rash receded. His mother and father cheered, practically celebrating. Ten days had been on the longer side, but it was far better than never recovering.

When Viktor finally saw other people, that truly came into stark relief. Most of those who died were under the age of five. About one in ten who had been infected never recovered.

Later, much later, when Viktor went topside, he looked up the fatality rate of measles topside. No medicine, no vaccine, but a fiftieth of the deaths than in the undercity.