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mohammad-sheraz126 · 12 days ago

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K2: The “Savage Mountain”Most Treacherous Peak

Introduction K2

With 8611m or 28251 feet above sea level, K2 is the world’s second-highest mountain, earning the name 'the savage mountain.' K2 has the highest death rates among climbers and is located at the border of Pakistan and China in the Karakoram mountain range. It also has the most extreme climbing conditions known to man, further deepening its sinister reputation.

Desio’s Italian expedition first conquered the mountain on July 31, 1954, with climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni reaching the peak. This moment is said to have marked a fundamental step in the history of mountaineering, as K2 was believed to be the last central mountain to be climbed due to extreme weather conditions and technical difficulties. After this expedition, climbers worldwide made many other fueled attempts, further adding to the legacy of epitomising K2 as the pinnacle of human endurance and ambition.

This article aims to consolidate everything there is to know about K2. This includes the Who’s Who of guides to record slopes, its global position, environmental aspects, and most importantly, its climbing routes, 'Death Zone,' and issues climbers face. From these, we hope to cultivate a better understanding and desire towards the mountain that is key to mountaineering.

Location of K2 Geographic Location of K2

K2 is part of the Karakoram mountain range across Pakistan and China. Its coordinates are roughly 35.8808° N and 76.5147° E. This imposing mountain lies in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan on the country's northern side and is surrounded by other significant peaks of the K2 Massif.

Overview of the Surrounding Environment (Karakoram Range)

Karakoram range is one of the most extensive mountain systems, and its complex geography, accompanied by towering peaks, makes it to the top. Other high-profile peaks include Gasherbrum 1 and 2, Broad Peak, and Baltoro Glacier, all of which have relevance within the range.

The region is well-renowned for its dramatic landscapes, granite justice, deep valleys, and sprawling glaciers. However, the weather patterns are brutal, with extreme weather and temperatures that are too hot or cold to climb.

Accessibility and Nearest Towns or Base Camps

K2 is usually reached through northern Pakistan's close-knit remote regions. Skardu is the closest town, and it acts as a base for hikers and climbers who plan to scale K2. From Scardu, climbers are expected to head to Askole village, which marks the beginning of the trek to the base camp. This trek usually takes one week to 10 days and passes through rugged terrains such as rivers and glaciers, eventually leading to the K2 base camp.

The Base Camp is approximately 5,150 meters (16,896 feet) high on the Baltoro Glacier and is a staging area for climbers seeking an ascent to the mountain. K2 is accessible but is often impacted by weather conditions and seasons, making it an intense climb.

Before attempting the climb, climbers need to appreciate the geography of K2, which serves as a beacon of beauty and challenges in this particular mountain division.

Climbing Routes on K2 Overview of Major Climbing Routes

K2 has some of the major routes, and each one of them possesses its unique challenges. The two routes that differ from the rest include:

Abruzzi Spur: This route is primarily used for its popularity, grace, ease, and accessibility. It follows a ridge on the mountain that directly leads to the summit, providing climbers a straightforward path compared to the other routes. Cesen Route: This route finishes at the same summit as the other routes but takes a different approach. It is not as popular, but its technical nature makes it accessible.

Description of Each Route's Characteristics and Challenges

The Abruzzi Spur is the most commonly used route to climb K2, the world's second-highest peak at 8,611 meters. Named after the Italian Duke of Abruzzi, who attempted the ascent in 1909, this challenging path features steep rock formations, ice walls, and high-altitude dangers, making it one of the most difficult climbs in the world.

Abruzzi Spur

Characteristics: The Abruzzi Spur route begins at the K2 Base Camp and Paso K2 and Komplikation leads through House Chimney and Bottleneck, so the route passes so many steep snow and ice slopes this route is most criticial while climbing the pass off tower.

Challenges: Climbers face the risk of harsh weather, avalanches and crevasses. The Bottleneck is particularly worrying due to its steep section and the risk of rockfall while climbing it.

Cesen Route

Ceases Karate: The Cesen Route approaches from the northeast side of K2. It‘s located from the northeast side of K2 and cloos both arms of the climber, enabling him to ascend more efficiently than the Abruzzi Spur. It has mixed climbing on rock and ice.

Challenges: This route is considered more challenging because of its technical sections and the climber's ability to use advanced climbing techniques. Climbers must face hard rock faces and unpredictable weather conditions.

Popularity and Historical Significance of Different Routes

The Cesen Route receives climbers' combined arms, enabling climbers to broaden unexplored areas, while the Abruzzi Spur gained popularity because of attempts over 25 years ago by the Italian Expedition Desio.

Despite Cesen Route’s less popular status, it has its historical significance as it demonstrates the engineering skill needed to reach K2 from a different perspective. While far fewer climbers have also attempted this route, it is still a suitable option for climbers looking for a more challenging ascension.

It is beneficial to grasp the intricacies of each climbing route because every climber planning an ascent tends to K2. Each route brings a different experience and unique challenges, adding to the mountain's magnificence.

Climbing Challenges on K2 Technical Difficulties Faced by Climbers

The technical issues that need to be resolved while climbing K2 are abundant to the degree that even seasoned mountaineers will find K1 challenging. Some of the key issues include:

Incline Terrain: Several places on K2, and especially the Abruzzi Spur and the Cesen Route, are characterised by steep S slopes and ice, which need to be conquered via advanced climbing, which includes the use of crampons and ice axes. Sections of Rock Climbing: The Routes usually mix ice and rock, gravitating toward a style of climbing known as ‘mixed climbing’. This means the climbers must manoeuvre rock and ice, which requires rock-climbing and quick problem-solving skills. The Bottleneck: A part of the Abruzzi Spur known all too well, the bottleneck is a small and highly inclined corridor that is vertically strenuous to climb. A climber must watch out for high-altitude sickness and rockfall.

Weather Conditions and Their Impact on Climbing

Climbers on k2 have always reported extreme challenges courtesy of abridged weather conditions, which are highly unpredictable and literally a battlefield. Some of the key factors are:

Extreme Cold: If you climb higher altitudes, you will experience below-zero temperatures. Such extreme climates pose high risks of frostbite and hypothermia. High Winds: K2 is always windy, especially on the top. These strong winds lead to dangerously low wind chills. There is also an extreme risk of snow buildup, making the situation dire. Avalanches and Storms: People always fear avalanches during storms. This risk is also relatively high because storms strike without any warnings. While climbing, people have to be highly cautious with the weather forecast and design plans accordingly, even during a climb.

Issues of Acclimatization and Altitude Sickness

The risks of suffering from altitude sickness which poses a major risk is greatly proportionate to the adverse experiencing of K2 because cimbing K2 increases its odds. The following advisory points must be adhered to:

Symptom Indications: While climbing this height, one may experience a lack of oxygen, which can cause extreme headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Oxygen deprivation might also cause HAPE and HACE, which are severe and life-threatening conditions.

Adjustments: To master altitude sickness, one has to undergo a detailed adjustment process. Most climbers employ a step-wise approach to ascension and remain in intermediate camps for some time to allow the body to adjust to the lack of oxygen.

Government Issues: Climbers sometimes deviate from their adjustment schedule due to bad weather or complex split issues. Disruptions may require the climber to descend backwards from the target, counterproductive to the adjustment process.

The aforementioned climbing adjustments are reasonably necessary when planning a K2 expedition. The preparedness for these factors significantly enhances safekeeping and the increased chances of climbing the mountain.

Death Zone on K2

The Death Zone on K2 begins above 8,000 meters (26,247 feet), where oxygen levels are critically low, and survival becomes a race against time. Known for its unpredictable weather and treacherous terrain, this section has claimed many lives, making K2 one of the most perilous mountains to climb. Different high altitude terms. 'Death Zone': Surgical Zone

The ‘Death zone’ is where altitude climbing is ideal for oxygen deprivation above 8000 meters or 26247 feet. These altitudes have extremely low levels of oxygen that cannot support human life for extended periods. The body starts to deteriorate at these altitudes, and altitude sickness sets in. With little to no atmospheric pressure and an inadequate oxygen supply, the human body faces extreme challenges, making this zone one of the most deadly for climbers.

Specific Challenges Climbers Face in the Death Zone on K2

Climbers on K2 encounter several specific challenges within the Death Zone:

Severe Hypoxia: Hypoxia at these extreme altitudes is exacerbated, causing dangerous impairment of cognitive and physical abilities. Decisions in the dome zone are often poor decisions that result in dire consequences. Extreme Weather Conditions: The death zone is characterised by the worst weather extremes, such as intense cold, powerful winds, sudden storms, etc. These factors contribute to the development of frostbite and hypothermia, worsening the problematic situation. Limited Time for Ascent: Climbers have to quickly devour the Death Zone because the period they can cocoon themselves at such towering heights is drastically low. Everything from the surroundings to the elements is not hospitable, so leaving the vicinity is dire. The chance of survival gets lower the longer one stays. Physical Exhaustion: The combination of low oxygen levels and rough terrain leads to rapid physical exhaustion because there is too much body strain with too few resources. As a result, climbers engage in heavy tasks at a lower altitude, which only adds to the body's already chaotic state.

Historical Incidents and Fatalities Associated with the Death Zone

The site has been the reason behind the demise of more than one person due to a combination of harsh conditions and escalating challenges.

1970 Italian Expedition: Nothing is praiseworthy here, apart from the attempt by Walter Bonatti, who single-handedly tried to assist his fellow climbers lost in the Death Zone. The season was too harsh and took lives for fun.

1986 Disaster: This incident captured the attention people needed when they questioned whether people were foolish enough to partake in such challenges willingly. Despite people paying attention, terrible weather conditions occurred during this incident, and chains of deaths occurred while climbing K2.

Tragedy of 2008: Avalanches and altitude-related maladies killed 11 climbers during a single season of K2 climbing in 2008. These unexpected tragedies altered the history of K2 climbing.

The commemoration of these events serves as evidence of the lethality of K2‘s death zone. The climb can be easily summited with proper preparation, thorough understanding, and respect for the mountain’s might. These elements also emphasise the do’s of high-altitude climbing.

Guides for K2 Expeditions What Professional Guides do:

Professional climbers take on essential responsibilities when it comes to K2 expeditions. They ensure the safety and security of the climbers while providing them with the logistical support they need on board. Their duties include:

Climbing Route Strategy: In the past, climbers were wholly responsible for all aspects of the expedition. However, they are solely responsible for their safety and must ensure that the guides monitor each step. As such, they must also identify areas on K2‘s rough outline that are too dangerous for climbers and the safest for them. Technical Support: This group of guides provides climbers with aid on climbing gear and skills that make some parts of the route easier to scale. They are invaluable in making decisions for high-altitude climbers who endeavoured the summit assault.

Importance of Local Knowledge and Experience

Local knowledge and experience are crucial for climbing K2, as the region’s weather, routes, and dangers are best understood by seasoned local mountaineers and guides. Their expertise in navigation, risk assessment, and survival strategies significantly increases the chances of a successful and safe expedition. A successful K2 expedition hinges on the following: Understanding of Conditions: Local guides deeply understand the mountain’s conditions, including its weather, snowpack stability, and even the risk of avalanches. This vital information is needed to make critical decisions on the hill. Cultural Insights: Local guides can expound on the cultural and historical importance of K2 and the entire area around the mountain. This gives profound meaning to the climb and appreciation for the people there. Acclimatisation Strategies: A skilled guide knows that some adjustments must be made when climbing. While having ascent plans, they can use altitude acclimatisation strategies that reduce the chances of altitude sickness.

Overview of Guiding Companies and Services Available

Many reputable companies offer services for K2 expeditions with several options to accommodate different climber needs, including:

Expedition Companies: Like Alpenglow Expeditions, Adventure Consultants, and SummitClimb, focus on high-altitude climbing and offer full-fledged expedition packages, including guides, logistics, and permit arrangements.

Local Guiding Services: Some Pakistani companies focus on community and environmentally friendly practices and offer guiding services using local climbers or Sherpas with first-hand K2 top experience.

Customised Expeditions: Packages specifically crafted to offer varying levels of expeditions over any duration and aim to meet the personal challenges set by climbers to conquer the K2 mountain.

Guiding companies serve as essential guarantees for aspiring climbers of K2 Mountain. They prepare climbers by helping them understand the obstacles posed by such a gigantic mountain while connecting them to the local culture.

Record Climbs on K2 Notable Ascents and Records Set on K2

The history of K2 has always been colourful, with remarkable records and climbs that have changed the perspective of high-altitude mountaineering. A few essential records include:

First Ascent (1954): On July 31, 1954, an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio completed a successful ascent of K2. Climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni reached the summit, setting a first in the history of mountain climbing. Winter Ascents: January 16, 2021, saw the first ascent on this eight-thousander, and subsequently, it became the last of the 14 eight-thousanders to be summited in winter. This K2 is infamous for its assault conditions, especially in winter. Fastest Ascent: Polish climber Andrzej Bargiel made his mark in 2018. After reaching the summit of K2 on July 22, he became the first-ever skier to descend off the summit after showcasing significant endurance while climbing above the clouds.

Significant Achievements and Records Made on K2

K2 has witnessed remarkable achievements, from the first successful ascent by an Italian team in 1954 to the first winter summit in 2021 by a Nepalese team. Record-breaking climbs, fastest ascents, and daring rescues have cemented K2’s place as one of the most legendary peaks in mountaineering history.

The alpine history of K2 is filled by fascinating records and climbs with astonishing accomplishments that have changed the whole perspective of mountaineering on high altitudes. Some of the key records are as follow:

First Ascent (1954): On July 31, 1954, K2 was slated to be climbed by an italian escort led by Ardito Desio, which resulted in a successful assert by climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. This accomplishment marks the peak of mountain climbers success.

Winter Ascents: First time ascent on this eight-thousander was completed on January 16 2021, and as a result, it became the last of the 14 eight-thousanders to be summited in winter. This K2 is considered to be extremely notorious especially in winters due to the assault conditions.

Fastest Ascent: An astounding record was made by Andrzej Bargiel, polish skier, in 2018. On July 22, he accomplished climbing k2 and became the first skier to ever ski off the summit. Andrew was able to showcase unbelievable endurance while accomplishing this feat above the clouds.

Impact of These Climbs on the Climbing Community

The climbing community at large is impacted by the record climbs made in K2.

Inspiration for Future Generation: Outstanding climbs motivate aspiring climbers. Some men and women have conquered K2, and their passion motivates many to nurture that urge within them.

Progress in Climbing Techniques: Every jump made using climbing techniques and tools stemmed from the last ascent. The innovations that came about due to the limitations faced by climbers on K2 have had ripple effects on the practice of high-altitude climbing all over the globe.

Greater Understanding and Enhanced Safety Practices: K2 brought forward problems that have enhanced the understanding of safety procedures and acacclimatisationethods in high-altitude climbing. The climbing community continues to introspect about things that have been done in the past and work towards adopting safer expedition practices.

If everything is put into perspective, world record climbs on K2 mark personal feats of great height and immense scope in knowledge and culture within the climbing community. These achievements will remain stepping stones for future climbers to continue mountaineering since the existing climbers aim to follow the pattern set by the previous class of climbers.

Environmental Concerns in the K2 Region Discussion on the Environmental Impact of Climbing Activities

The climbing activities that take place on K2 have dire consequences on the environment that could pose a threat to the fragile mountain ecosystem. Some of the most pressing issues are as follows:

Waste Management: More people climbing the mountain means more sourced waste, including human waste, discarded food packages, and broken equipment. The waste thrown carelessly can poison water bodies and interfere with vegetation. Ecosystem Disturbance: Finalizing climbing routes and base campsites may harm the fauna further. These components, along with vegetation collapse, grazing along the new zones, and soil displacement, can significantly alter the geographical makeup of the area and pose a threat to local wildlife. Pollution: Climbers and climber-aiding helicopters also bring along climbing-related pollution in the form of waste, which, alongside diminished air quality, can tarnish the K2 region's environmental sanctity.

Conservation Efforts to Protect the K2 Region

Given the intense environmental damage that comes hand in hand with climbing activities, climbers have put in place some measures that recognise the need for climbers to safeguard the K2 region and its breathtaking beauty:

Regulation of Climbing Permits: The authorities responsible for the K2 region have instituted the regulation of climbing permits that specify the maximum number of climbers reachable quotas per season. This, in turn, helps reduce congestion and other accompanying environmental issues. Cleanup Initiatives: Nonprofit organisations and residents have developed clean-up campaigns to eliminate garbage along base camps and routes. These programs aim to reclaim the lost natural environment and create a culture of sustainable climbing. Protected Areas: Plans are underway to designate some zones within K2's proximity as no-go zones to guard them against the constant threat of human activities that are detrimental to delicate ecosystems. Such measures are critical in protecting species diversity and sequestered ecological integrity.

Importance of Sustainable Climbing Practices

Sustainable measures can put to rest the detrimental effects climbers may cause when they spend time at K2’s scenic views. Climbers are advised to abide by the Leave No Trace principles and in doing so, waste management, outdoor etiquette and wildlife preservation won’ become a problem.

Leave No Trace Principles:We can mitigate the resulting negative impacts on K2’s natural ecosystems by encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly practices. Climbers are encouraged to respect the Leave No Trace principles which prevent the pollution of mountains, suggest proper behavior in the wild, and protect the fauna.

Eco-Friendly Gear: Using biodegradable products and sustainable materials in climbing supplies helps reduce pollution, saving the earth from further degradation.

Education and Awareness: To build a culture of consciousness, climbers must understand the unique challenges that K2 faces. Educational programs can teach climbers the most impactful environmental mitigation strategies.

Addressing environmental issues is extremely important for everyone in the K2 region to sustain its rich ecosystems and support the economy.

Conclusion

Comprehensively, the essay discussed the various perspectives of K2, its location, the climbing routes, the challenges climbers face, and the surrounding issues around this mountain. For K2’s infamous appeal, it’s commendable challenges that climbers face. We considered excerpts for the significant ascents, professional guides, and the climbing repercussions on the delicate eco-diversity of the Karakoram Range and its broad range of features. All these factors serve not just the marketing of K2, the climax of mountaineering, but also the problems that climbing this mountain has to face.

K2, referred to as “The savage mountain,” seems to be the most terrifying and beautiful. The mountain is not a feature that was summited and conquered. Instead, climbers are drawn by the endless adventures and achievements the heights promise to deliver in tandem with the problem of being extra cautious of K2. The extreme weather, the expert-level technical climber, and the abuse of climber conditions in the Death zone are problems that must be faced in tandem. The accounts of the summiteers act as a double-edged sword, motivating a climber while revealing K2’s complex and temperamental side.

As we consider this information, we need to emphasise the importance of responsible climbing and environmental conservation in the region of K2. Encouraging clean-up activities, protecting local ecological systems, and practising sustainable behaviour enable climbers to play their role in conserving this great mountain. All individuals coming to the area should accept the responsibility of protecting the mountain environment in light of the K2 great mountain's undeterred beauty and human spirit. We encourage all adventurers to take on this role.

K2 #DeadliestMountain #SavageMountain #Mountaineering #ExtremeClimbing #HighFatalityRate #KarakoramRange #DangerousPeaks #Adventure #Expedition

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diesel292 · 4 months ago

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Edward the Blue 1896 Furness Railway 21/K2 Class Engine, Henry the Green 1919 London North Eastern Railway Gresley A1 Engine, Gordon the Big 1922 Great Northern Railway Class A1 Pacific Express Engine, 87546, 98462, 1923 London Midland & Scottish Railway Cattle Truck, 1925 London Midland & Scottish Railway 10 Ton Banana Van & Troublesome 1925 Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway 7-Plank Open Trucks - The Three Railway Engines 12th May 1945

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Toby the 1914 Great Eastern Railway Class C53 Wisbech Steam Tram Engine, Henrietta the 1884 Great Eastern Railway Wisbech & Upwell Tramway Coach, 1921 14-Ton Tar Tanker & Green 1935 AEC Regal "T Class" London Country Area Bus - Toby the Tram Engine 26th July 1952

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Skarloey the Famous Old 1864 Talyllyn Railway No. 1 "Talyllyn" Engine, Rheneas the Gallant Old 1865 Talyllyn Railway No. 2 "Dolgoch" Engine, Peter Sam the Friendly 1920 Talyllyn Railway No. 4 "Edward Thomas" Engine, Sir Handel the Wise Old 1904 Talyllyn Railway No. 3 "Sir Haydn" Engine, Agnes, Ruth, Lucy, Jemima & Beatrice the 1865 Talyllyn Railway coaches Nos. 1 - 5 - Four Little Engines 22nd November 1955

Duck the 1929 Great Western Railway 5700 Class, Harold the 1949 Sikorsky S-55 helicopter - Percy the Small Engine 1st January 1956

1950 British Railway 16-Ton Mineral Truck, 1925 London Midland & Scottish Railway Class 3F “Jinty” & 1932 London Midland & Scottish Railway OF Kitson “Pug”, 1930 London Midland & Scottish Railway "Patriot" Class Big City Engine - the Eight Famous Engines 15th September 1957

1903 Great Western Railway 3700 No. 3440 "City of Truro", "Devious" Diesel the Mean 1952 British Railway Class 8 Engine, 1903 10-Ton Salt Van - Duck & the Diesel Engine 23rd June 1958

Duncan the Stubborn 1928 Talyllyn Railway No. 6 Douglas Engine - The Little Old Engine 1st January 1959

Rusty the Little 1957 Talyllyn Railway No. 5 Midlander Diesel Engine - The Little Old Engine 1st January 1959

Cora the 1885 Talyllyn Railway Tool Van No. 6 - The Little Old Engine 1st January 1959

Ada, Jane & Mabel the 1955, 1956 & 1957 Talyllyn Railway Coaches Nos. 11, 12 & 13 - The Little Old Engine 1st January 1959

1959 Talyllyn Railway 2-Bar Slate Truck - The Little Old Engine 1st January 1959

Donald & Douglas the Scottish 1909 CR McIntosh 812 Class Engines, 1929 British Railway 20-Ton Spiteful Brake Van - The Twin Engines 15th September 1960

1925 Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway 5-Plank Open Ffarquhar Quarry Truck, Daisy the 1960 British Railway Class 101 Diesel Railcar - Branch Line Engines 15th September 1961

George the 1950 Aveling-Barford R Class Steamroller & JTK 62 the 1962 Wolseley 24/80 - Gallant Old Engine 1st January 1962

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Neil the 1856 Neilson 0-4-0 Box Tank - Very Old Engines 15th June 1965

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Dark Green Tank Engine - James the Red Engine & the Troublesome Trucks 19th November 1984

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Pip & Emma the 1975 British Railway Class 43 HSTs, 10751 the 1959 British Railway Class 127 & Diesel 31120 the 1959 British Railway Class 31 - Gordon the High-Speed Engine 7th September 1987

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Frank the 1967 Ravenglass & Eskdale Perkins - Jock the New Engine 6th August 1990

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Big Mickey the 1920 USN 20t Tower Crane - Thomas, Percy & the Dragon 18th November 1991

Caterpillar Crane - Thomas Comes Home 15th June 1992

Flying Thistle the 1923 London & North Eastern Railway A3 Pacific - 1992

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Fred the 1950 Talyllyn Railway No.9 locomotive "Alf" & Ivo Hugh the New Little 1996 TR No. 7 Tom Rolt Engine - 8th August 1996

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Thumper - Rusty & the Boulder 16th October 1998

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Harvey the 1901 Dübs Crane Engine No. 4101 - Harvey to the Rescue 17th September 2002

Elizabeth the Vintage 1926 Sentinel DG4 Steam Lorry - 20th September 2002

Jack the 1963 Nuffield Front Loader -

Alfie the Small 1960 K1C10&K Excavator -

Oliver the Big 1920 Russian KV series Excavator -

Max the 1949 Scammell Mountaineer Dump Truck -

Kelly the 1942 Austin K6 Crane Lorry -

Byron the 1926 Caterpillar Bulldozer -

Isobella the 1931 Sentinel DG4 Steam Lorry -

Ned the 1916 Erie Type B Steam Shovel -

Emily the 1894 Great Northern Railway G3 Stirling Single Engine -

Fergus the 1926 Aveling & Porter TJ "Blue Circle" Traction Engine -

Arthur the Big 1946 London Midland and Scottish Railway Ivatt Class 2MT Tank Engine -

Murdoch the Orange 1954 British Railway Standard Class 9F Engine -

Spencer the 1935 London and North Eastern Railway Class A4 Pacific Express Engine -

1938 Foden OG Lorry 4 - Round the Rails Board Game

Molly the Yellow 1903 Great Eastern Railway D56 Class "Claud Hamilton" Engine -

Mighty Mac the 1879 Ffestiniog Railway Double Fairlie “Merddin Emrys” Engine -

Neville the Friendly 1942 Southern Railway Bulleid Q1 Class no. 33010 Engine -

Proteus the 1878 Corris Railway Nos. 1-3 - The Magic Lamp 14th October 2005

Dennis the Lazy 1949 British Railway 11001 Diesel -

Thomas’ & James’ New 1948 British Railway 8 plank end-door open Trucks

Monty the 1949 Scammell Mountaineer Dump Truck -

Patrick the 1943 Mack NM 6-ton 6x6 Cement Mixer -

Buster the 1903 Aveling & Porter R10 Class Steamroller -

Jeremy the 1963 BAC One-Eleven Jet Plane - Thomas & the Jet Plane 10th September 2006

1923 Midland Railway Suburban Animal Sanctuary Coach - A New Home 9th June 2004

“Fearless” Freddie the 1906 Welsh Highland Railway Hunslet “Russell” -

Rocky the 1945 Ransomes & Rapier 45-ton Rescue Steam Crane - Big Strong Henry 8th October 2006

Rosie the Little Purple 1942 United States Army Transportation Corps S100 Class Engine -

Whiff the 1869 North Eastern Railway No. 66 "Aerolite" Rubbish Engine - Emily’s Rubbish 3rd September 2007

Victoria the 1882 Furness Railway 4-wheel coach, Albert the 1891 Furness Railway J1 Class - Thomas & Victoria 3rd September 2007

Hector the 1936 ICI Bogie Hopper Wagon -

Billy the Orange 1923 Manning Wardle L Class Engine -

Madge the 1964 Scammell Scarab 6-ton Tractor Snub-Nosed Lorry -

Stanley the Silver 1920 Hudswell Clarke/Kitson No. 5459 "Austin I" hybrid Engine -

Hank the Giant 1914 Pennsylvania Railroad K4s Class Pacific Engine -

Colin the Green 100 Ton Steam Crane - The Party Surpise 11th September 2008

Flora the 1904 Moseley Road Kitson Steam Tram - Tram Trouble 17th September 2008

Hiro the Old 1935 Japanese National Railway Class D51 "Mikado" Steam Engine -

Victor the Busy 1951 Minaz No. 1173 Engine -

Kevin the 1923 Ransomes & Rapier 6 ton Mobile Crane -

Charlie the Playful Purple 1881 Manning Wardle L Class Engine -

Bash & Dash the 1892 Bear Harbor Lumber Company No. 1 Logging Locos, Ferdinand the 1903 Climax Class C Logging Loco, Captain the 1945 RNLI Liverpool-class Lifeboat - Misty Island Rescue 4th September 2010

Scruff the 1946 Sentinel 100 HP BE Type No. 9369 "Musketeer" Scruncher -

Belle the 1951 British Railway Standard Class 4MT Fire Tank Engine - Day of the Diesels 24th August 2011

Den the 1959 4DH Sentinel Diesel-Hydraulic - Day of the Diesels 24th August 2011

Dart the 1961 Bagnall No. 3207 Leys - Day of the Diesels 24th August 2011

Flynn the 1964 Oshkosh W800 ARFF Fire Engine - Day of the Diesels 24th August 2011

Paxton the Young 1952 British Railway Class 8 Diesel - Day of the Diesels 24th August 2011

Sidney the Forgetful 1952 British Railway Class 8 Diesel - Day of the Diesels 24th August 2011

Norman the Orange 1949 British Railway 11001 Diesel - Day of the Diesels 24th August 2011

Pink Narrow 1865 Talyllyn Railway Coach - 2012

Stafford the 1917 North Staffordshire Railway Battery-Electric No. 1 Shunting Engine - Welcome Stafford! 3rd March 2012

Luke the Little Green 1922 Kerr Stuart Wren Class No. 4256 "Peter Pan" Engine -

Mine Trolley, Winston the 1960 Type 4B Wickham Trolley, Merrick the 1954 Stothert & Pitt Crane, Owen the 1873 Dinorwic Slate Quarry Incline Engine - Blue Mountain Mystery August 2012

Stephen the 1829 Stephenson's Rocket - King of the Railway 29th June 2013

Connor the Fast 1938 New York Central Railroad J-3a Hudson Engine -

Caitlin the Speedy 1927 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad President P-7 Class Engine -

Millie the 1911 Decauville No. 8069 “Tabamar” Estate Engine -

Porter the 1917 H.K. Porter 0-6-0ST Dockside Engine -

Logan the 1929 Somerset & Dorset Joint Railway Sentinels -

Dan the 1964 Ford 5000 Front Loader - The Busy Engines 10 July 2014

Gator the 1934 Colombian Steam Motor, Timothy the 1908 Bell Open Cab Oil Burner Engine, 1911 Marion Model 40 Railway Steam Shovel, Reg the Scrapyard Crane - Tale of the Brave 13th July 2014

1928 Great Western Railway Diagram F16 Double-Ended Slip Coach -

Sam the 1945 Virginian Railway Class AG - Sam & the Great Bell 2015

Samson the Proud 1867 Neilson 0-4-0 Engine - Marion & the Dinosaurs 25th January 2015

Glynn the 1905 Head Wrightson & Co Ltd. Type 1 "Coffee Pot No. 1" Engine, Judy & Jerome the 1906 Cowans Sheldon 30-Ton Breakdown Crane - The Adventure Begins 3rd March 2015

Settebello the 1959 FS Class ETR 300 - Thomas Visits Pompeii June 10th 2015

1953 South Australian Railway 400 Class Garret - Thomas Crosses Australia June 24th 2015

Marshall the 1899 Colorado & Southern Rotary Steam Snow Plow No. 99201 - Thomas Meets Marshall in the Canadian Rockies July 8th 2015

Ryan the Purple 1920 Great Northen Railway Class N2 Tank Engine, Skiff the 2000 Eastport Pram Railboat - Sodor’s Legend of the Lost Treasure 17th July 2015

1968 Japanese National Railway 481 Series - Thomas Travels to Japan September 9th 2015

Rajinda the 1947 Indian Railways WP class 4-6-2, Coran the 1951 Class P 4-6-0 31652, Abiar the 1964 Indian Railways Class WDM-2C - Thomas Goes to India November 18th 2015

Nuria the 1899 Renfe 030-0219 - Thomas Joins a Tomato Fight in Spain 2nd December 2015

Philip the 1930 Pennsylvania Railroad Class A6 "Boxcab" Diesel - The Little Engine Who Raced Ahead 13th December 2015

Dustin the 1912 Oregon Short Line No. 762 - Dustin Comes in First 2016

Yen the 1958 C2 Class 0-8-0 - Thomas Celebrates the Chinese New Year 10 February 2016

Ashima of India the 1914 Nilgiri Mountain Railway X Class, Axel of Belgium the 1939 NMBS/SNCB Type 12, Vinnie of North America the 1936 Canadian National Railway U-4-a 6400 Class, Raul of Brazil the 1931 São Paulo Railway Type W No. 166, Carlos of Mexico the 1910 Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México GR-3 class, Frieda of Germany the 1957 DB Class 10, Gina of Italy the 1883 Ferrovie Nord Milano 200, Ivan of Russia the 1962 TGM23 Class, Etienne of France the 1954 SNCF BB 9004, Rajiv of India the 1855 Fairy Queen, Shane of Australia the 1943 South Australian Railway 520 class, Yong Bao of China the 1958 Chinese Railway RM Class 4-6-2 Pacific, Ulli the 1952 British Railway Class 8 Mainland Diesel - The Great Race 21st May 2016

Bradford the 1933 London Midland & Scottish Railway 20 Ton Brake Van - Bradford the Brake Van 9th September 2016

Hugo the 1929 Schienenzeppelin - Engine of the Future 29th January 2017

Dilly - A Visit to London for Thomas the Tank Engine 7 April 2016

Tracy the 1951 W6-class Melbourne Tram - Thomas Visits Shane from Melbourne 11th July 2017

1917 H.K. Porter 0-6-0ST Dockyard Engine - Vinnie is Back in America 25th July 2017

Theo the 1926 Aveling & Porter TJ "Blue Circle" Experimental Engine, Lexi the 1901 North Pacific Coast Railroad No. 21 "Thomas-Stetson", Experimental Engine, Merlin the “Invisible” 1925 London & South Western Railway N15 Class King Arthur No. 783 “Sir Gillemere” Engine, Hurricane the 1902 Great Eastern Railway Class A55 "Decapod", Frankie the 1958 MSC No. 4002 Arundel Castle “Billy”, Beresford the 1892 Stothert & Pitt Rolling Gantry Crane, Narrow Talyllyn Railway 2-Bar Slate Truck - Journey Beyond Sodor 8th August 2017

"Hasty" Hannah the 1883 Great Eastern Railway Wisbech & Upwell Tramway 4-wheel coach - Hasty Hannah 26th September 2017

Carly the Four-link portal harbour crane - Cranky at the End of the Line 27th September 2017

1959 Swiss PKP 0-8-0T TKp No. 5485 Tank Engine - Yong Bao & the Monster in the Tunnel 13th December 2017

1935 Russian 9P Series 0-6-0T Tank Engine, 1910 Russian C Series 2-6-2 Tender Engine - Ivan's Chilly Way Home 26th December 2017

Golden 1895 Pennsylvania Railroad Class A3 Steam Engine - Thomas & the Beanstalk 30th January 2018

1951 W-class Melbourne City Circle Tram - Thomas Comes to Australia 30th January 2018

Da Li & Xiao Hu the 1956 QJ Class 2-10-2 & 1959 ET7 Class 0-8-0T, Mean 1958 Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México GR-3 & Chinese Railway RM Engines, 1940 Chinese Ruston-Bucyrus RB 17/19 Caterpillar Crane, Chinese Helicopter - Yong Bao & the Tiger 7th July 2018

Nia the Helpful 1926 Kenya-Uganda Railway ED1 Class Engine, Kwaku the 1955 East African Railways 59 Class, Natalie the 1961 Bagnall No. 3207 "Leys", 1958 American MSC No. 4002 Arundel Castle “Billy” Diesel, 2003 Chinese Siemens Eurorunner Series 8000 Diesel, Ace the 1962 Triumph Spitfire 1500 Racer, Angelique, Tony & German Rally Car the 1956 Volvo Amazons, Beau the 1868 Virginia & Truckee No. 12 "Genoa", Fernando the 1952 British Railway Class 8, Emerson the 1972 Beechcraft King Air B200, Kobe the 1920 WWII USN 20t Tower Crane, Cassia the Four-Link Portal Harbour Crane, Carter the 1892 Stothert & Pitt Rolling Gantry Crane, Shankar the 1962 TGM23 Class, Chinese Cargo Ship - Big World! Big Adventures! 20th July 2018

Rebecca the Happy 1945 SR Un-rebuilt West Country/Battle of Britain Class Engine - Confusion Without Delay 6th August 2018

Gary the 2011 Ford Ranger T6 - Thomas & the Brownlow Meadal 7th August 2018

Hong-Mei the 1958 Chinese Railway GJ Class -

An An & Yin-Long the 1870s London Brighton & South Coast Railway Stroudley Coaches -

Dexter the 1872 London Brighton & South Coast Railway Stroudley Classroom Brake Coach-

Noor Jehan the 1962 Indian Railway WDM-2 Class -

Lei the 1939 London & North Eastern Railway Diagram 102 12-Ton Van -

Aubrey & Aiden the 1913 Pullman First Class Parlour Cars, Isla the 1972 Beechcraft King Air B200 Flying Doctor’s Plane - Outback Thomas 14th September 2018

Tamika the 1905 South Australian Railway SMC Class No. 1 - Banjo & the Bushfire 26th September 2018

Gustavo the 1946 EF-4 Little Joe -

Gabriela the 1852 Baroneza II -

Lorenzo the Lost 1940 FS Class 743 Engine -

Beppe the Lost 1866 Turkish Sultan Abdulaziz's Private Coach -

Ester, Stefano the LARC-LX Super Cruiser - All Tracks Lead to Rome 7th July 2019

Brenda the 1954 Caterpillar D9H Bulldozer - Mines of Mystery 7th July 2019

Roadinator - First Day on Sodor! 31st August 2019

Darcy the Roadheader EBZ-200 Tunnel Borer - First Day on Sodor! 31st August 2019

Duchess of Loughborough the 1937 London Midland & Scottish Railway Coronation Class - Thomas and the Royal Engine - 1st May 2020

Kenji the 1964 0 Series Shinkansen -

Sonny the 1868 Haydock Foundry Well Tank - A New Arrival 1st May 2020

Marcia & Marcio the 1912 Associação Brasileira de Preservação Ferroviária No. 215 Maria Fumaça Forest Engines -

Cleo the Road Engine - 22nd June 2020

Australian 1960 AEC Bridgemaster Double-Decker Buses - Ace's Brave Jump 2nd July 2020.

#youtube

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sottotraccia · 7 months ago

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Il 31 luglio 1954 Achille Compagnoni e Lino Lacedelli, nella spedizione guidata da Ardito Desio, furono i primi due uomini nella storia a vincere la vetta del K2. Rendiamo omaggio a chi compì questa grande impresa, nel 70º anniversario, con le parole di Dino Buzzati (estratte da Il Corriere della Sera, 4/8/1954):

“[…] Meravigliosa estasi non fatta di appagate ambizioni personali, di celebrità raggiunta, di sfrenato amore di se stessi, ma che veniva dalla coscienza di aver compiuto una gesta in sé splendida e nobile, di avere bene meritato della patria. Per loro una rarissima felicità che le parole non possono descrivere, ma anche per noi tutti. Italiani, una vera e grande gioia. Ce n’è motivo in abbondanza. Ricordiamoci di certe esplosioni di esultanza collettiva perché uno dei nostri era arrivato primo al Tour o perché la squadra azzurra aveva vinto una importante partita all’estero. Non che si voglia disprezzare queste cose, ma al confronto che cosa meriterebbero oggi gli uomini di Desio? Era, dopo la caduta dell’Everest, la più superba e ardua rocca che restasse da conquistare.”

Onore a loro, dell’Italia vanto e gloria.

#graphic design #poster

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gonzalo-obes · 2 years ago

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IMAGENES Y DATOS INTERESANTES DEL DIA 29 DE JULIO DE 2023

Día Internacional del Mal de Amores, Día Internacional de la Alita de Pollo, Día Internacional del Tigre, Día Mundial de la Lasaña, Año Internacional del Mijo y Año Internacional del Diálogo como Garantía de Paz.

San Adán, Santa Beatriz, Santa Lucila y Santa Marta.

Tal día como hoy en el año 1804: Irrumpe una epidemia de fiebre amarilla en España que se inicia en Málaga, la cual provocará más de 12.000 muertes.

En 1836: Se inaugura el Arco de Triunfo de París (Francia), treinta años después de que fuera colocada la primera piedra.

En 1954: Se publica por primera vez la novela La comunidad del anillo, del escritor británico J. R. R. Tolkien, en Londres.

En 1954: Se inicia una ascensión a la montaña K2, la segunda más alta de la Tierra con 8.611 msnm, por una cordada italiana que será la primera en la historia que conseguirá hacer cumbre.

En 1958: El presidente de los Estados Unidos Dwight D. Eisenhower firma la creación de la National Aeronautics and Space Act, que dará lugar a la NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Administración Nacional de la Aeronáutica y del Espacio).

En 1968: Una violenta erupción del volcán Arenal en Costa Rica arrasa los pueblos Tabacón y Pueblo Nuevo, causando la muerte a 78 personas. Dos días después volverá a expulsar lava y se cobrará la muerte de otras 8 personas.

En 1984: Secuestran un avión McDonnell Douglas DC-9 de la compañía Aeropostal en la isla de Curazao (Venezuela) con 82 pasajeros, en el que dos secuestradores exigen la entrega de dinero, armas y un helicóptero. La DISIP mata a los dos secuestradores y rescata a los rehenes.

En 1987: Los gobiernos de Francia y Reino Unido firman un tratado para construir conjuntamente el Eurotúnel, el túnel que une ambos países bajo el canal de la Mancha.

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20th-century-railroading · 3 years ago

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Streamlined steam

Brooks-built class Norfolk & Western K2 4-8-2 No. 117 goes for a turntable ride at Schaffers Crossing in Roanoke, Va., in 1954. The locomotive is one of 22 class K1 Mountain types given J-style streamlining in the late 1940s. W.A. Akin Jr. photo

#n&w #norfolk & western #1940s #trains #passenger train #history #roanoke #virginia

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worldhistoryfacts · 4 years ago

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Lino Lacedelli on the summit of K2, July 31, 1954. Along with Achille Compagnoni, he was the first person to summit the mountain. Though K2 is not as high as Everest, it is a much more technically demanding climb. They two reached the summit at nightfall. Compagnoni wanted to sleep through the night at the summit, but Lacedelli threatened to hit him with his ice axe, so they descended. Both men suffered bad frostbite.

{WHF} {HTE} {Medium}

#history #mountains #mountaineering #k2 #pakistan #china

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noosphe-re · 5 years ago

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Amir Mehdi (sometimes spelled Amir Mahdi, and also known as Hunza Mehdi) was a Pakistani mountaineer and porter known for being part of the team which managed the first successful ascent of Nanga Parbat in 1953, and of K2 in 1954 with an Italian expedition. He, along with the Italian mountaineer Walter Bonatti, are also known for having survived a night at the highest open bivouac - 8,100 metres (26,600 ft) - on K2 in 1954. (via Wikipedia)

#quote #Amir Mehdi #Pakistan #Hunza #Hunza Mehdi #K2 #mountaineering #mountains #climbing

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scottfischer · 2 months ago

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Walter Bonatti at the K2 Base Camp in 1954 after the historic first ascent of the mountain.

#mountaineering #mountains #old photography #photography #walter bonatti #K2 #K2 1954 #photo: archivio walter bonatti

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europeanu · 8 years ago

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#walter bonatti #K2 #PAKISTAN #ITALY #1954 #MOUNTAINEER

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unearthitaly · 5 years ago

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ITALY FROM A TO Z - A Review -

This past year I’ve been sharing an Italian word beginning with every letter of the alphabet and giving a bit of cultural context, which is always useful in order to implement the vocabulary when learning a new language.

Here’s a review (check the linked posts for more info):

A for AMERICANATA: “Americanata” [ fem.noun, pl.form “americanate”] is a word used by Italians to underline an action, a thing, a behaviour which is judged kitsch and characterized by delusions of grandeur, considered typical of the American demeanor [American intended as “citizen of the USA”]. - More info here;

B for BACIAPILE: “Baciapile” is a word used to indicate those people who are, apparently, very pious, because they always go to the Mass, but that, in the end, do not follow the Christian precept of love for the others. It is believed that, for them, the Mass is just means to appear good in public. - More info here;

C for CONTRAFFAZIONE: [La] Contraffazione [-i] means forgery/counterfeiting. It can be used especially when talking about counterfeit money, but not only.In Italy we use an expression to indicate a kind of forgery made abroad against Italy and the so-called “made in Italy” which employs this noun. It’s “contraffazione alimentare” ( “food counterfeiting”) - More info here;

D for DIVORZIO: [ Il ] Divorzio [pl.form “i divorzi”] means divorce. In Italy it was legally introduced in 1970, but given that not all agreed on it in the Parliament, they decided to organize a referendum to see if people wanted this new law. The majority of Italians voted yes to the divorce law during the referendum held in 1974. The word “divorzio” became known worldwide even before it was legal in Italy, thanks to the 1962 movie “Divorzio all'Italiana” (“Divorce Italian Style”) by Pietro Germi - More info here;

E for EDICOLA: [L’] edicola [pl.form: le edicole]. It can have different meanings. At first edicole were small temples, In a second moment they became niches located inside the temples, meant to contain the statues of the deities. In modern times we indicate with the noun “edicole” the newsstands. - More info here;

F for FARO: [ Il ] Faro [pl.form: i fari ] means lighthouse, but also headlight. This noun derives from the name of the small island ’pharos’, located in front of Alexandria and where there was the biggest lighthouse of the ancient times and considered one of the 7 Wonders of the World - More info here;

G for GALLO/GALLINA: [Il] Gallo [pl.form: i galli] means rooster and [La] Gallina [pl.form: le galline] hen.The “realm” of the henhouse has always been used as a metaphor of the society in the Italian Culture. Check the post to see the countless idioms where gallo and gallina are used in Italian idioms;

H for HOTEL: The word hotel is clearly a loan word according to Italians, because in our language we don’t really have many words beginning with “h”. It’s indeed a French word. What many of us ignore, though, is that the French word derives from the Latin term “hospitale” [hosting place].What you might find peculiar in Italy is finding certain kinds of hotels which are not to be found or are not popular outside the Belpaese. Check the post to discover more about them;

I for ITALIANIZZAZIONE: [L’] Italianizzazione [fem.noun], meaning “Italianization”, is the spreading of the Italian Culture, people or language which can happen through integration or assimilation.When we use this term, though, we specifically point out that specific forced policy carried out by the Fascist dictatorship in the African colonies, in the European territories annexed during WWII and in the Italian areas populated by linguistic minorities ( South Tyrol, Venezia Giulia, Aosta Valley, the Asiago Plateau etc.) Foreign languages and press were prohibited, foreign-sounding surnames and toponymy translated and foreign schools suppressed. - More info here;

J for JUVENTUS: [ La ] Juventus ( = Juventus Football Club ). We don’t have many words beginning with J in Italian and Juventus is probably the most famous. - More info here;

K for K2: K2 [ Italian pronunciation: “kappa due” ] is the second highest mountain in the world and it’s located in the Karakoram range, on the border between China and Pakistan. What has Italy to do with Pakistan and the K2 ? Well, it was an Italian expedition that first climbed the mountain on 31.July 1954. After the war, a great venture was believed to be necessary “to lift the country’s mood” and the attempt to the second highest, but most difficult mountain to climb, seemed like a great opportunity. - More info here;

L for LIBERAZIONE: [La] Liberazione [pl.form: le liberazioni]. As its English translation “liberation”, it’s the action of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery or oppression. In Italian Culture we use the term “liberazione” to indicate the 25th April, the so-called “Giorno della Liberazione”, Day of Liberation. - More info here;

M for MEDIOEVO: [ Il ] Medioevo means “Middle Ages” and, as you know, it’s the historical period that goes from the 476 aC (the fall of the Roman Empire) to 1492 aC (the discovery of America). What you might don’t know is that, nowadays, in #Italy we still use some idioms “invented” in the Middle Ages. Check them out here;

N for NOZZE: [Le] Nozze [plural] is the Italian translation for “nuptials”. A synonym is “matrimonio” (which is not formal like its English counterpart “matrimony”). Not many know, though, that the words nozze/nuptials take their name from the bride’s veil. The Latin naptiae derived indeed from nubere= “to veil”, which then became “to marry”. - More info here;

O for ORO: [ L’ ] Oro [masc.noun] is Italian word for gold. As you probably know Italy does well in the production and trade of luxury items and it’s actually the first country for the number of firms operating in this branch. The gold industry is obviously one of them. We have three important “gold districts” in Italy which are those of: Valenza Po in Piedmont; Arezzo in Tuscany; Vicenza in Veneto. - More info here;

P for PREVISIONE: [La] Previsione [pl.form: le previsioni] means “prevision”, “prediction”. This word in Italy is mostly used in association with “tempo” to form the expression “previsioni del tempo”, which are the weather forecasts. - More info here;

Q for QUOTIDIANO: [Il] Quotidiano is a useful word that can have different meanings. ⚡It is usually translated as “daily”, but it can also be used as a noun to indicate the daily routine. It is also used to indicate the daily newspaper. - More info here;

R for RECITAZIONE: [ La ] Recitazione is “acting” in Italian language. Italians, often described as quite “creative” and “artistic”, are known for being naturally talented actors. There’s even a famous quotation by Orson Welles that stated that Italy was populated by 50 millions actors and the worst were those on stage, lol. - More info here;

S for SAVOIARDO: [Il] Savoiardo [pl.form: i savoiardi]. The savoiardi, known in English as “lady fingers”, are the biscuits used for the preparation of the tiramisù. - More info here;

T for TERREMOTO: [Il] terremoto [ pl.form: i terremoti ] means earthquake and, sadly, it’s a word which we happen to use a lot in Italy. - More info here;

U for UMORISMO: [ L’ ] Umorismo is “humour” in Italian. People’s ability to comprehend and appreciate humour largely depends on a host variables like one’s culture, education and even intelligence. Another factor is, surely, the geographical location and, in a place like Italy, could a thing not vary according to the region or town? Obviously not! Check which are the most famous kinds of Italian humour that we have in this post ;

V for VULCANO: [Il] Vulcano [ pl.form: i vulcani] is volcano in English. Italy is one of the countries with the highest number of volcanos in Europe. “Vulcano” is even the name of a proper volcano and of the island where it is located (which belongs to the Aeolian archipelago in Sicily). - More info here;

LETTER W: Even though in Italian the letter W is not considered part of the alphabet, the character has a symbolic meaning. W stands for “evviva” or “viva”, which mean “hooray for”. We have also the counterpart which is a W positioned upside down that stands for “abbasso” and means “down with”. - More info here;

X for XYLELLA: Xylella is a term that, sadly, has become popular in the recent years, especially in Apulia. It’s an aerobic bacterium that causes various diseases in plants. In Italy it has attacked olive trees in the Salento area in Apulia causing the olive quick decline syndrome. - More info here;

Y for YODEL: [Lo] Yodel - also known as jodel - is a type of rural song that involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the so-called “chest voice” and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. It was born in the area of the Central Alps as it was used by the hearders to call their stock or to communicate with other Alpine villages. In Italy it is present in South Tyrol given its cultural heritage. - More info here;

Z for ZAMPILLO: [Lo] zampillo [ pl.form: gli zampilli]. It’s often translated as “gush” and it’s used to indicate, indeed, a small gushing of water or blood. - More info here.

#Italian language #italian vocabulary #italian vocab list #italian #italian words #masterpost

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