#Julius rosenwald

[alloalouette]

Crosstown Concourse

Originally a Sears distribution warehouse which opened in 1927, the property had been vacant since 1993. Crosstown Concourse has recently been converted into a city within the city, reopening in 2017 (90 years after its original grand opening) as a multi-use property that includes shops, a grocery market, apartments, art spaces, a YMCA, a non-profit medical facility, a high school, a performing arts center, a radio station, and more. Crosstown hosts numerous events such as an Asian Night Market, an artisan fest, concerts, performances, art installations, to name a few.

Julius Rosenwald, the chairman of the board of directors of Sears Roebuck & Co., was also a philanthropist who, together with Booker T. Washington, established a fund to assist African Americans in the South with more equitable opportunities for education and vocational training. His investments and vision have had lasting impacts on Memphis and the greater Mid-South.

[itsstillsweetiebythealtar]

My first blog post is available on my Patreon ❤️

The post as y’all can see it about the Rosenwald schools and their importance to our community. I’ll be uploading some more tonight and of course tomorrow ❤️🙌🏾

[mental-mona]

[spacelazarwolf]

in honor of that anon who said jews have done nothing for the world, here’s a non exhaustive list of things we’ve done for the world:

arts, fashion, and lifestyle:

jeans - levi strauss

modern bras - ida rosenthal

sewing machines - isaac merritt singer

modern film industry - carl laemmle (universal pictures), adolph zukor (paramount pictures), william fox (fox film forporation), louis b. mayer (mgm - metro-goldwyn-mayer), harry, sam, albert, and jack warners (warner bros.), steven spielberg, mel brooks, marx brothers

operetta - jacques offenbach

comic books - stan lee

graphic novels - will eisner

teddy bears - morris and rose michtom

influential musicians - irving berlin, stephen sondheim, benny goodman, george gershwin, paul simon, itzhak perlman, leonard bernstein, bob dylan, leonard cohen

artists - mark rothko

actors - elizabeth taylor, jerry lewis, barbara streisand

comedians - lenny bruce, joan rivers, jerry seinfeld

authors - judy blume, tony kushner, allen ginsberg, walter mosley

culture:

esperanto - ludwik lazar zamenhof

feminism - betty friedan, gloria steinem, ruth bader ginsberg

queer and trans rights - larry kramer, harvey milk, leslie feinberg, abby stein, kate bornstein, frank kameny, judith butler

international women's day - clara zetkin

principles of journalizm, statue of liberty, and pulitzer prize - joseph pulitzer

"the new colossus" - emma lazarus

universal declaration of human rights - rene samuel cassin

holocaust remembrance and human rights activism - elie wiesel

workers rights - louis brandeis, rose schneiderman

public health care, women's rights, and children's rights - lillian wald

racial equity - rabbi abraham joshua heschel, julius rosenwald, andrew goodman, michael schwerner

political theory - hannah arendt

disability rights - judith heumann

black lives matter slogan and movement - alicia garza

#metoo movement - jodi kantor

institute of sexology - magnus hirschfeld

technology:

word processing computers - evelyn berezin

facebook - mark zuckerberg

console video game system - ralph henry baer

cell phones - amos edward joel jr., martin cooper

3d - leonard lipton

telephone - philipp reis

fax machines - arthur korn

microphone - emile berliner

gramophone - emile berliner

television - boris rosing

barcodes - norman joseph woodland and bernard silver

secret communication system, which is the foundation of the technology used for wifi - hedy lamarr

three laws of robotics - isaac asimov

cybernetics - norbert wiener

helicopters - emile berliner

BASIC (programming language) - john george kemeny

google - sergey mikhaylovich brin and larry page

VCR - jerome lemelson

fax machine - jerome lemelson

telegraph - samuel finley breese morse

morse code - samuel finley breese morse

bulletproof glass - edouard benedictus

electric motor and electroplating - boris semyonovich jacobi

nuclear powered submarine - hyman george rickover

the internet - paul baran

icq instant messenger - arik vardi, yair goldfinger,, sefi vigiser, amnon amir

color photography - leopold godowsky and leopold mannes

world's first computer - herman goldstine

modern computer architecture - john von neumann

bittorrent - bram cohen

voip internet telephony - alon cohen

data archiving - phil katz, eugene roshal, abraham lempel, jacob ziv

nemeth code - abraham nemeth

holography - dennis gabor

laser - theodor maiman

instant photo sharing online - philippe kahn

first automobile - siegfried samuel marcus

electrical maglev road - boris petrovich weinberg

drip irrigation - simcha blass

ballpoint pen and automatic gearbox - laszlo biro

photo booth - anatol marco josepho

medicine:

pacemakers and defibrillators - louise robinovitch

defibrillators - bernard lown

anti-plague and anti-cholera vaccines - vladimir aronovich khavkin

polio vaccine - jonas salk

test for diagnosis of syphilis - august paul von wasserman

test for typhoid fever - ferdinand widal

penicillin - ernst boris chain

pregnancy test - barnhard zondek

antiretroviral drug to treat aids and fight rejection in organ transplants - gertrude elion

discovery of hepatitis c virus - harvey alter

chemotherapy - paul ehrlich

discovery of prions - stanley prusiner

psychoanalysis - sigmund freud

rubber condoms - julius fromm

birth control pill - gregory goodwin pincus

asorbic acid (vitamin c) - tadeusz reichstein

blood groups and rh blood factor - karl landsteiner

acyclovir (treatment for infections caused by herpes virus) - gertrude elion

vitamins - caismir funk

technique for measuring blood insulin levils - rosalyn sussman yalow

antigen for hepatitus - baruch samuel blumberg

a bone fusion technique - gavriil abramovich ilizarov

homeopathy - christian friedrich samuel hahnemann

aspirin - arthur ernst eichengrun

science:

theory of relativity - albert einstein

theory of the electromagnetic field - james maxwell

quantum mechanics - max born, gustav ludwig hertz

quantum theory of gravity - matvei bronstein

microbiology - ferdinand julius cohn

neuropsychology - alexander romanovich luria

counters for x-rays and gamma rays - robert hofstadter

genetic engineering - paul berg

discovery of the antiproton - emilio gino segre

discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation - arno allan penzias

discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe - adam riess and saul merlmutter

discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity - roger penrose

discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of the milky way - andrea ghez

modern cosmology and the big bang theory - alexander alexandrovich friedmann

stainless steel - hans goldschmidt

gas powered vehicles

interferometer - albert abraham michelson

discovery of the source of energy production in stars - hans albrecht bethe

proved poincare conjecture - grigori yakovlevich perelman

biochemistry - otto fritz meyerhof

electron-positron collider - bruno touschek

[uchicagoscrc]

Happy Birthday to philanthropist and businessman, Julius Rosenwald, born on this day in 1862!

Rosenwald is best known for leading Sears, Roebuck, and Company; for his generous giving through the Rosenwald Fund which supported African American education through the establishment of "Rosenwald schools" in rural communities and African American scholars and artists through a fellowship program; and for his founding of Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry (which he humbly declined to have named for himself). Want to learn more? Check out this 2015 documentary!

Rosenwald also has many UChicago connections! He was a Trustee of the University from 1912 to 1932, and he donated funds to build many campus buildings and launch the Medical School.

We proudly preserve and provide access to Julius Rosenwald's personal papers, as well as the papers of his father Samuel Rosenwald, and his grandson Peter Ascoli. We invite you to visit our reading room to take a deep dive into the collections!

Images:

Julius Rosenwald at the Shelburne Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey, undated. University of Chicago Photographic Archive, apf1-07307.

Julius Rosenwald (left) and Booker T. Washington (right), educator and political leader at Tuskegee Institute, 22 February 1915. University of Chicago Photographic Archive, apf1-07303.

[lboogie1906]

Dr. Arnold H. Taylor (November 9, 1929) was born in Regina, Virginia to Isaiah Taylor and Tina Rebecca Clayton Taylor. He graduated with honors from the Julius Rosenwald High School. He enrolled at Virginia Union University. During his junior year, he pledged Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity and received a BA in History. He earned an MA in History from Howard University. His thesis was on the “Antislavery movement in the District of Columbia” and was directed by John Hope Franklin.

He took his first professional position as a history instructor at Benedict College. He earned a Ph.D. in History from the Catholic University of America. He taught History at North Carolina College and Southern University in New Orleans.

He married Joyce Donaldson (1966). They were the parents of one son, who was born in Calcutta, India, during his ten-month stay as a Fulbright Scholar at Jadavpur University, where he lectured in US History. He wrote the article, “American Confrontation with Opium Traffic in the Philippines,” which appeared in the Pacific Historical Review.

He published his first book, American Diplomacy, and the Narcotics Traffic, 1900-1939: A study in international humanitarian reform. He accepted a position as faculty in the Department of History at Howard University. He began the research for Travail and Triumph: Black Life and Culture in the South since the Civil War. This work describes patterns of African American life that have evolved over the past three and a half centuries.

He was one of the first academic scholars to publicly condemn the Tuskegee experiment. He researched and wrote about the experiment and how the American system of racial apartheid encouraged these abuses that began when the experiment was first initiated in 1932. The Washington Post published his views in an op-ed piece. He contributed to The Encyclopedia of African-American Heritage.

He became chairperson of the Department of History at Howard and retired from teaching in 2000. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #kappaalphapsi

[frithwontdie]

Do white Americans owe reperations to blacks? NO!

In America, Reparations have already been paid. To the point that it’s beyond ridiculous. Whites have gone out of their way to artificially boost Nonwhites at every turn. Trillions of tax dollars and donations have been spent over decades trying to boost non-white achievements and social status. Also dept relief, Crt, affirmative action, first step act, donations for past wrong doings, school degrees, food stamps, welfare programs, etc.

Alot of whites and some jews through out American history tried to help blacks become a separate & self-reliant people (the pursuit of Booker T. Washington) through education.

The Freedman's Bureau (1865 to 1872) :

The Freedman’s Bureau (officially known as ‘The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands’) was created by Americans to feed and provide other life necessities to the Negro population of the South after the Civil War ended in 1865. However, well before the end of the Civil War, Americans organized all over the North various organizations to feed, clothe, educate and provide other needed necessities for the newly freed Negro people Note: according to W.E.B Du Bios, more than 50 organizations were active in relief capacity for the southern Negro by 1866.

"The First white people in America, certainly the first in the South to exhibit their interest in the reaching of the Negro and saving his soul through the medium of the Sunday-school were Robert E. Lee and 'Stonewall Jackson'. ...Where Robert E. Lee and 'Stonewall' Jackson have led in the redemption of the Negro through the Sunday-school, the rest of us can afford to follow. " - Booker T. Washington 1910

The Tuskegee Institute:

This icon of Black education was founded by the great Booker T Washington and was also the brainchild of an Alabama prominent banker by the name of George W. Campbell (White man). Another White man, an Alabama state senator named W.F. Foster, spearheaded the necessary funding for the Institute through the state legislature. The result was a yearly appropriation of $2000.

The following white Americans, all self-made millionaires, gave small fortunes - their own hard earned money - to this Negro self-sufficiency school over their lifetime:

--Andrew Carnegie

--John D. Rockefeller

--Henry Rodgers

--Collis Huntington

And,

--Julius Rosenwald*

--Anna T. Jeanes*

* Julius Rosenwald was an immigrant Jew and self-made millionaire.

* Anna T. Jeanes, a white woman, was not a self-made millionaire, but inherited her money from her husband.

Howard University

Howard University was chartered in 1867. It was championed by an American Civil War General, Oliver Otis Howard (November 8, 1830 – October 26, 1909), and the school hence bears his name. Howard University is also the ONLY higher education school ever to be directly funded by the US taxpayers (it still is).

Lincoln University

Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) was an exclusive college for Negroes and was created in 1854 by a white man named John Miller Dickey, who also became its first president. Lincoln University was originally named Ashmun Institute. The first Black president of the university was not elected until 1945.

Fisk University

Fisk University was an all-Negro college that was established by three whites, Erastus Milo Cravath, John Ogden and Edward Parmelee Smith in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1866.

Wilberforce University

Wilberforce University, located near Xenia, in Ohio, was an all-Negro college created by whites from the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1856. It was named after a white man, William Wilberforce, who was an 18th century abolitionist.

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania was an all-Negro school established in 1837. A white man named Richard Humphreys had bequeathed $10,000 in his will (10% of his estate) in 1832 for the sole purpose of creating a place of education for the Negro race.

Atlanta University

Atlanta University was founded by whites associated with the American Missionary Association, in 1865. Around 1866, its survival then shifted to, and depended upon, the Americans associated with the Freedman’s Bureau.

In 1922, the Carnegie Corporation and the Rockefeller Memorial gave $25,000 each to create the Journal Of Negro History.

In 1924, George Eastman (Kodack Co.) gave Tuskegee Institute $1 million dollars.

John D. Rockefeller

Mr. Rockefeller donated almost $180 million dollars to the General Education Board, which was chartered by Act of Congress in 1903. Much of this money was spent supplying educational aid to the Negro people, specifically in the southern states (Mr. Rockefeller���s $180 million translates to almost 2 billion dollars in today's dollars!)

George Peabody Education Fund for poor Southerners

George Peabody Education Fund was established by a white man named George Peabody, and was designed to help Negro colleges in the South at the turn of the century.

The Slater Fund

The Slater Fund was established by white, James Fox Slater, in 1882. Its primary purpose was to support southern Negro schools. Around 1915, this fund was worth about $1.75 million.

The Jeanes Fund (Jeanes Foundation)

A white woman named Miss Anna T. Jeanes, a Quaker, created 'The Fund for Rudimentary Schools for Southern Negroes’ in 1907 from the monies left to her by her late husband. The purpose of the fund was to help Negroes create teachers for their people. It was endowed at one million dollars (a staggering sum at the time).

The Southern Education Board: In or around 1900, whites created the The Southern Education Board. It's funding was initially provided by the Slater Fund and the Jeans Funds. Americans, trained in the area of farming, would go to rural farms (Negro and American) and educate them on better farming techniques. The Southern Education Board was also very concerned with the high southern Negro illiteracy, which was, in 1900, almost 50% (for southern Americans, around 11%).

Phelps-Stokes Fund

Established in 1911, a white philanthropist and self-made millionaire Anson Phelps Stokes created this fund for the purpose of improving Negro life through education. Its endowment was approximately $900,000.

Minor Fund

This fund was established by a white female, Miss Myrtilla Minor, in 1851. Its purpose was to provide aid to schools who would teach Negro girls to be teachers for their people.

In 1910, according to the US census, 50% of Negroes (about 4.8 million) lived in urban centers (all created by white males). That means there would be approximately 2.4 million Negro males living in the urban centers of America. About 1/3rd would be too young to work, so that means there were about 1.6 million Negro males of working age living in American-built cities in 1910. Of those 1.8 million Negro males, 350,000 (almost 20%!) worked in a factory job (all factory jobs for the Negro were supplied by White men i.e. not ONE factory job in America was created by a Negro male --so, concomitantly, no white man was employed by a Negro male in a factory job. Note: At this time in American history, you worked or you starved. (source: Chronological History of The Negro pg. 358)

Naturally, with whites, being so generous supplying jobs to black men, naturally, more black men were encouraged to come to the American-built urban areas.

Julius Rosenwald

Without question one of the most generous of the Euro race toward the black people was Julius Rosenwald (Jewish). Most of his charity was gifted through the Rosenwald Fund (depleted in 1948)

Cushing Fund

A white woman, Miss Emeline Cushing, established this fund in 1895 for the purpose of financially assisting colored schools.

Whites Create Special School - In Mississippi. - For Negro Boys To Own Land

Daniel Hand Fund

A white self-made millionaire, Daniel Hand, established the Daniel Hand Fund in 1888. It was endowed at $1 million dollars (two-thirds of Mr. Hand’s entire personal wealth!). Mr. Hand stipulated that all of the Fund would be directed toward Negro education in the former slave states. When Mr. Hand died in 1893, he bequeathed the rest of his remaining wealth to this fund.

Andrew Carnegie

Mr. Carnegie, when he retired, was considered the richest man in the world. He also became the biggest philanthropist in America and gave generously to Negro educational causes, which included giving $600,000 to the Tuskegee Institute in 1903.

Harmon Foundation

The New York City Harmon Foundation was established in 1922 by an white man named William Harmon (1862-1928). Its purpose was to aid and assist Negro art, artists, businesses, education for Negroes, farming needs, music, and other causes for the Negro.

Garland Fund

This White-male-established fund was used to help the NAACP through the Great Depression.

John D. Rockefeller Jr.

Mr. Rockefeller, Jr. built the Dunbar Apartments in New York City, a mammoth complex consisting of six buildings - 511 apartments - specifically to house low-income Negroes in Harlem. He also built and funded a bank in NYC solely for Negroes.

Katharine Drexel

Katherine Drexel was born November 26, 1858 and died March 3, 1955. She was an American female, a nun, philanthropist, educator and later canonized as a Roman Catholic saint.

"She became a nun, and took the name Sister Katharine, dedicating herself and her inheritance to the needs of [non-occupational ranking] Native Americans and African-Americans in the western and southwestern United States, and was a vocal advocate of racial tolerance. She established a religious order, the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People. She also financed more than 60 missions and schools around the United States, and founded Xavier University of Louisiana[1] - the only historically Black, Roman Catholic university in the United States to date."

The United Negro College Fund

In 1944 the United Negro College Fund was created. Almost all of the funding for its initial operation was provided by the General Education Fund and the Rosenwald Fund.

Mr. William Trent, a black man, in the course of his 20-year tenure as its first executive director, raised over $78 million for this fund, almost all of it coming from generous white liberal Americans (Senator John F. Kennedy gave all of the profits from his book ‘Profiles in Courage' to this fund).

Also American Jews also gave money to black people. Before 1950, it was mostly coming from the Rosenwald fund.

Minority scholarships:

Low income:

It’s open to illegal immigrants, too, but white people? Forget it. And when we learn that “800 Compton residents to get guaranteed income in two-year pilot program,” since Compton is only 2 percent white – yes, just 2 percent – white people won’t get that money.

Having to change the requirements of mental retardation, because too many blacks IQ's were that low.

https://mn.gov/mnddc/parallels2/pdf/90s/99/99-MRI-MLW.pdf

[alleannaharris]

Today's Black History Month illustration is of the classical singer Marian Anderson, whose 1939 performance at the Lincoln Memorial raised awareness of racial discrimination.

Anderson was born in 1897 in South Philadelphia. When she was 6 years old, she became a member of the choir at Union Baptist Church, where people called her “Baby Contralto.” Her father, John, was a coal and ice dealer at Reading Terminal Market , and when Anderson was 8, her father bought her a piano. Her family couldn’t afford lessons, so she taught herself.

Anderson’s father passed away when she was 12, so her mother, Anna, had to raise her and her two sisters. Despite her father’s death, Anderson continued to stay committed to church and choir. Her commitment and skills impressed her choir so much that the church worked together to raise enough money to pay for her to train under a respected voice teacher, Giuseppe Boghetti.

In 1928, she performed at Carnegie Hall and thanks to a Julius Rosenwald scholarship, went on tour through Europe. By the late 1930s, Marian Anderson was famous in US and Europe. In 1936, President Roosevelt and Eleanor invited Anderson to perform at the White House. She was the first Black person to receive this honor.

She had been scheduled to sing at Washington's Constitution Hall, but the Daughters of the American Revolution (who managed the hall) refused to let her sing because she was Black. In response, Eleanor Roosevelt resigned from the DAR, and President Roosevelt gave permission for a concert at the Lincoln Memorial. On Easter Sunday, Anderson performed "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" to an audience of 75,000 people and a NBC radio audience of millions.

In 1941, she won the Edward Bok Award for distinguished service to the city of Philadelphia. And in 1955, she became the first African American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera.

In 1961, Anderson performed the national anthem at JFK’s inauguration. In 1963, JFK honored her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Anderson retired from performing in 1965, but she was honored with the Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1991.

I’ll be back tomorrow with another illustration and story!

[urbs-in-horto]

Front Hall of Fame plaza on the river side of the Merchandise Mart. Among those honored with head busts are Frank Winfield Woolworth, Marshall Field, Aaron Montgomery Ward, Julius Rosenwald and Robert E.Wood More info:

[searsfeedbacksurvey]

SearsFeedback – Submit Official Sears Survey To Win $500

Searsfeedback 

The headquarters of America's multi-national mid-range department retailer, Sears, are located in Illinois. It offers a wide variety of necessities, including apparel, jewelry, furniture, appliances, and cosmetics, among many other things.

Like any other business, Sears is aware of the value of its clients. It offers an online platform for consumer reviews and comments in an effort to maintain a strong relationship with the customer.

Today's essay will cover the Sears Feedback Survey, including how to take it, the requirements, how to use SearsFeedback, and much more.

www.SearsFeedback.com, the Sears Feedback Survey

In essence, Sears Feedback Survey is an online survey site run by the retailer. You can enter your sincere comments about the company's products on www.SearsFeedback.com, which is simply accessible.

You'll learn more about the qualifications for the Sears Feedback Survey as we go along in this post, along with other helpful details.

Sears Company Information

Richard Warren Sears established the international department store business Sears in 1893. In the year 1906, his business partner Julius Rosenwald reincorporated it. There are 540 serving sites as of February 2020, including Hometown stores.

Sears Survey Feedback Requirements

If you are willing to take part in the www.SearsFeedback.com survey, you must be aware of the following terms & conditions:

The most crucial item to have before participating is an official purchase receipt.

A single receipt and one participant are allowed at a time. However, if you have more than one receipt, you may participate more than once.

It is imperative that the participant not work for the Sears Company.

The participant must not have previously worked for the Sears Company.

Prize for Sears Feedback Sweepstakes

In the Sears Feedback Sweepstakes, there's a chance for you to win $500. Today, Sears runs more than 2,200 stores across North America and Canada. Therefore, this online poll for comments has its own relevance.

According to the instructions in the following steps, you can easily take part in this survey. With the aid of this feedback form, you can give Sears Home Services feedback.

Last Words

These online survey portals are becoming more and more popular, and many businesses, particularly those in the retail industry, like to use them as part of their marketing plans.

Such a method performs admirably for the current digital generation. Coupon codes are a really effective company strategy for obtaining user experience in exchange for offers.

[jmreyes9]

PC - Robert (not DeNiro, the actor) our waiter

“IF LIFE THROWS YOU A LEMON, MAKE A LEMONADE”

     Lunch at The Clubhouse in Oakbrook, Illinois

By Jesse Reyes 

The phrase “If life throws you a lemon, make a lemonade,” was initially coined by Christian anarchist writer Elbert Hubbard in a 1915 obituary he wrote and published for dwarf actor Marshall P. Wilder.  The obituary, entitled The King of Jesters, praises Wilder's positive attitude and great achievements in the face of his disabilities: "He was a walking refutation of that dogmatic statement, Mens sana in corpore sano” translated “His was a sound mind in an unsound body.”  He proved the eternal paradox of things. He cashed in on his disabilities. He picked up the lemons that Fate had sent him and started a lemonade-stand.

Although the expression was coined by Hubbard, many modern authors attribute the expression to Dale Carnegie who used it in his book How to Stop Worrying and Start Living. Carnegie's version reads:  "If You Have a Lemon, Make a Lemonade.” Carnegie credited Julius Rosenwald for giving him the phrase.

Well, today, a lemon, albeit small (although large to someone not used to the Chicago weather!), was thrown at us, that of a cold blustery day in Chicago, with the temperatures in the teens and a wind-chill factor in the single digits.  This was the temperature in Chicago when I went to pick up my brother-in-law, a prominent cardiologist and entrepreneur/businessman in Metro Manila in the Philippines, at the Hyatt Regency next to McCormick Place in Chicago, where he had stayed while attending an international conference of the American Heart Association.

So did we go straight to my home in suburban Chicago?  No way.  We were going to brave the chilly weather and eat lunch at The Clubhouse in Oak Brook, IL where we almost ordered a lemonade for our drink!!  We were going to reminisce our adventures in Hawaii in September of this year, before and after my son’s wedding in Maui. 

Here’s where the lemonade comes in.  Due to his exposure to the Arctic weather, a sudden change in temperatures coming from the balmy shores of the Philippines, the “Pearl of the Orient Seas, our Eden lost,” as penned by our national hero, Jose Rizal, he developed a sore throat (laryngitis, in medical parlance!).  I was going to make him a lemonade, but discovered I did not have any real lemons and so I gave him instead a drink of Tangerine Emergen C (1000 mg. of Vitamin C) which cured him almost instantaneously.

Written in Burr Ridge, IL on Nov. 20, 2014. Posted in my blog Nov. 2022.

Posted in FB 3/30/22. (reposting?) - Picture of Dr. Raffy Castillo & me dining in The Clubhouse in Oakbrook, IL.

[todieforimages]

Booker T. Washington-Tuskegee, Alabama

Booker T. Washington was an educator, speaker, author, and benefactor. He was the first president of Tuskegee University when it was known as Tuskegee Institute. His accomplishments are numerous. From working with Julius Rosenwald to start the fund for Rosenwald schools to traveling the world to speak on issues that impacted the Black community, Washington was a tireless advocate for change. Many…

[theblogs2024]

Five Outrageous Experiments Done On Humans

Prisoners, the disabled, the bodily and mentally Ill, the inadequate -- these are typically all teams after regarded as honest recreation to utilize as subjects in your exploration experiments. And if you did not want to get authorization, you did not have to, and several Medical professionals and scientists executed their experiments on people that were being unwilling to participate or who have been unknowingly participating. Forty several years back the U.S. Congress modified The principles; informed consent is currently needed for virtually any govt-funded medical analyze involving human subjects. But before 1974 the ethics involved with employing human beings in exploration experiments was a little, let's say, unfastened. Plus the exploitation and abuse of human topics was often alarming. We start out our listing with one of the most famed situations of exploitation, a examine that inevitably assisted change the community check out with regard to the deficiency of consent within the title of scientific progress.

one: Tuskegee Syphilis Study Syphilis was An important community wellbeing issue within the twenties, As well as in 1928 the Julius Rosenwald Fund, a charity organization, introduced a general public Health care venture for blacks from the American rural south. Seems very good, ideal? It was, right up until The nice Melancholy rocked the U.S. in 1929 plus the challenge dropped its funding. Improvements have been produced to This system; in lieu of dealing with health problems in underserved spots, in 1932 very poor black Guys residing in Macon County, Alabama, have been alternatively enrolled in the system to treat whatever they have been informed was their "poor blood" (a phrase that, at the time, was Utilized in reference to every little thing from anemia to exhaustion to syphilis). They were given absolutely free health-related treatment, in addition to food items along with other features like burial insurance plan, for taking part in the research. Nevertheless they failed to know it was all a sham. The Gentlemen in the research weren't instructed which they ended up recruited for the program because they had been essentially struggling from the sexually transmitted disease syphilis, nor had been they advised they ended up collaborating inside of a government experiment learning untreated syphilis, the "Tuskegee Examine of Untreated Syphilis while in the Negro Male." That is ideal: untreated. Regardless of pondering they have been getting health care care, subjects had been in no way in fact adequately dealt with for that disorder. This went on even immediately after penicillin strike the scene and became the go-to therapy for your infection in 1945, and right after Speedy Remedy Centers had been proven in 1947. Irrespective of fears lifted concerning the ethics from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study as early as 1936, the examine didn't truly finish until 1972 once the media described within the multi-decade experiment and there was subsequent general public outrage. 2: The Nazi Medical Experiments All through WWII, the Nazis carried out healthcare experiments on Older people and youngsters imprisoned inside the Dachau, Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. The accounts of abuse, mutilation, starvation, and torture reads just like a grisly compilation of all nine circles of hell. Prisoners in these Demise camps had been subjected to heinous crimes beneath the guise of armed forces progression, health-related and pharmaceutical progression, and racial and population advancement. Jews ended up subjected to experiments intended to gain the armed forces, including hypothermia scientific tests the place prisoners were immersed in ice drinking water in an effort to verify how long a downed pilot could endure in comparable situations. Some victims have been only authorized sea h2o, a study of just how long pilots could survive at sea; these topics, not surprisingly, died of dehydration. Victims ended up also subjected to higher altitude in decompression chambers -- typically adopted with Mind dissection around the living -- to review substantial-altitude sickness And exactly how pilots would be affected by atmospheric stress alterations. Correctly managing war accidents was also a priority for that Nazis, and pharmaceutical tests went on in these camps. Sulfanilamide was analyzed as a completely new treatment for war wounds. Victims were inflicted with wounds that were then deliberately contaminated. Bacterial infections and poisonings ended up also analyzed on human subjects. Tuberculosis (TB) was injected into prisoners in an effort to far better understand how to immunize towards the infection. Experiments with poison, to determine how fast topics would die, were being also over the agenda. The Nazis also executed genetic and racially-determined sterilizations, synthetic inseminations, and in addition carried out experiments on twins and people of short stature. three: Watson's 'Very little Albert' Experiment Currently we know that stuttering has several achievable triggers. It may operate in a few families, an inherited genetic quirk of the language Heart on the brain. It could also come about as a consequence of a brain injury, together with stroke or other trauma. Some younger youngsters stutter when they're Discovering to talk, but outgrow the problem. In a few rare scenarios, it might be a side outcome of psychological trauma. But you know very well what it's actually not attributable to? Criticism. In 1939 Mary Tudor, a graduate student for the College of Iowa, and her faculty advisor, speech pro Wendell Johnson, got down to prove stuttering can be taught by means of destructive reinforcement -- that It really is acquired habits. Over 4 months, 22 orphaned little ones have been explained to they'd be getting speech therapy, but in reality they turned topics within a stuttering experiment; only about 50 percent were being really stutterers, and none acquired speech therapy. In the experiment the children had been split into four groups: 50 percent of your stutterers got negative comments. Another 50 percent of stutterers got positive suggestions. Fifty percent with the non-stuttering team were being all informed they have been starting to stutterer and were criticized. The other half of non-stutterers had been praised. The sole considerable affect the experiment had was on that third team; these Young ones, Regardless of in no way in fact producing a stutter, commenced to vary their habits, exhibiting lower self-esteem and adopting the self-aware behaviors affiliated with stutterers. And those who did stutter didn't stop doing so regardless of the feedback they been given. four: Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Research It is believed that between sixty to sixty five per cent of yankee troopers stationed from the South Pacific for the duration of WWII endured from the malarial infection sooner or later during their assistance. For a few models the infection proved to generally be additional deadly compared to the enemy forces were, so getting a powerful remedy was a high precedence [source: Military Heritage Middle Basis]. Harmless anti-malarial drugs ended up seen as necessary to winning the war. Starting in 1944 and spanning over the system of two years, greater than four hundred prisoners in the Stateville Penitentiary in Illinois ended up topics within an experiment aimed toward locating a powerful drug against malaria. Prisoners participating from the experiment were infected with malaria, then addressed with experimental anti-malarial remedies. The experiment didn't have a hidden agenda, and its unethical methodology did not appear to hassle the American general public, who were being united in profitable WWII and eager to deliver the troops residence — Safe and sound and healthy. The intent from the experiments wasn't hidden in the subjects, who had been at time praised for their patriotism and in many circumstances presented shorter prison sentences in return for their participation. 5: The Aversion Project in South Africa In the event you had been living during the apartheid period in South Africa, you lived less than point out-controlled racial segregation. If that by itself wasn't tough sufficient, the state also managed your sexuality. The South African govt upheld rigorous anti-homosexual rules. In case you had been gay you were considered a deviant — plus your homosexuality was also viewed as a ailment that might be handled. Even after homosexuality ceased being regarded a mental ailment and aversion therapy as a way to cure it debunked, psychiatrists and Military healthcare gurus while in the South African Defense Pressure (SADF) continued to believe that the outdated theories and treatment plans. Particularly, aversion therapy techniques have been utilized on prisoners and on South Africans who ended up forced to affix the army beneath the conscription laws of time. At Ward 22 at one Army medical center in Voortrekkerhoogte, Pretoria, between 1969 and 1987 makes an attempt were being created to "overcome" perceived deviants. Homosexuals, gay Guys and lesbians ended up drugged and subjected to electroconvulsive behavior therapy although demonstrated aversion stimuli (same-intercourse erotic pics), accompanied by erotic pictures of the other intercourse just after the electric shock. When the approach did not do the job (and it Completely didn't), victims have been then dealt with with hormone therapy, which occasionally included chemical castration. Furthermore, an approximated 900 Gentlemen and ladies also underwent gender reassignment surgery when subsequent efforts to "reorient" them failed — most with out consent, and a few left unfinished To know more details visit here: آزمایش های وحشتناک

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Source

For more information, go to this NPR article on Julius Rosenwald and the schools he built with Booker T. Washington

[lboogie1906]

The National Negro Business League (August 23 & 24, 1900) was founded by Booker T. Washington in Boston. The league, which predated the US Chamber of Commerce by 12 years, strives to enhance the commercial and economic prosperity of the African American community. The NNBL was incorporated in 1901 in New York and established hundreds of chapters across the US. In 1966, the National Negro Business League was reincorporated in DC and renamed the National Business League.

Booker T. Washington believed that solutions to the problem of racial discrimination were primarily economic and that African American entrepreneurship was vital. He founded the league to further the economic development of African American businesses to achieve social equality in American society. Members in the league included small business owners, farmers, doctors, lawyers, craftsmen, and other professionals. The league maintained directories for all major US cities and incorporated African American contacts in numerous businesses.

Oftentimes, white business leaders addressed the National Business League at their annual conventions. Booker T. Washington himself kept contact with members of the white corporate elite, such as Andrew Carnegie and Julius Rosenwald, president of Sears, Roebuck, and Co.

The league established the Booker T. Washington Foundation in 1967 as a public, non-private operating foundation to serve as the research and development arm of the organization. It established the National Student Business League in 1974 as its collegiate division. Although the influence of the league declined since its peak in the early half of the 20th century, the organization still exists today and is headquartered in Atlanta with a second “federal” office in DC. The National Business League continues to promote economic enterprise and financial literacy for African Americans throughout the US and international trade with Africa and the African Diaspora. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[globetrottingwino]

The Chicago Merchandise Mart Hall of Fame: Chicago's Entrepreneurial Pioneers

Merchandise Mart Hall of Fame in Chicago Sears & Roebuck founder Richard W. Sears spent his last years on his farm near Waukesha. (Photo credit: Wikipedia) English: Merchandise Mart, Chicago, IL, USA (Photo credit: Wikipedia) I love the Chicago Merchandise Mart Hall of Fame in Chicago! You can pay your respects to the original Father’s of Chicago’s Business community. Some of Chicago’s most…