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Napoleon’s relationship with Judaism
Occasionally, there has been some questions submitted asking what Napoleon thought about Judaism and his relationships with the Jewish people of France and through-out the First Empire. I found this excerpt in a book I am reading and passing it along to answer some of those questions. Also, because Napoleon is sometimes used or admired by different “Alt-right”, “Ethno European” blogs and other schools of thought that come from that movement, leaving some wondering if Napoleon was anti-semetic or if he endorsed a genocidal belief akin to Hitler and the Third Reich (spoiler alert: No, he did not):
“The French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man included Jews of French heritage under the umbrella of their protection. In 1806, Napoleon convened the Grand Sanhedrin of European Jewry--a reconstituted high court of Jewish wise men--to answer his twelve questions:
1. Is it lawful for Jews to have more than one wife?
2. Is divorce allowed by the Jewish religion? Is divorce valid, although pronounced not by courts of justice but by virtue of laws in contradiction to the French code?
3. Â May a Jewess marry a Christian, or may a Jew marry a Christian woman? Or does Jewish law order that the Jews should only intermarry among themselves?
4. In the eyes of Jews are Frenchmen not of the Jewish religion considered as brethren or as strangers?
5. What conduct does Jewish law prescribe toward Frenchmen not of the Jewish religion?
6. Do the Jews born in France, and treated by the law as French citizens, acknowledge France as their country? Are they bound to defend it? Are they bound to obey the laws and follow the directions of the civil code?
7. Who elects the rabbis?
8. What kind of police jurisdiction do the rabbis exercise over them?
9. Are the police jurisdiction of the rabbis and the forms of the election regulated by Jewish law, or are they only sanctioned by customs?
10. Are there professions from which the Jews are excluded by their law?
11. Does Jewish law forbid the Jews to take usury from their brethren?
12. Does it forbid, or does it allow, usury in dealings with strangers?
Condescending? Sure. But Napoleon was putting the Jewish Question to the Jews rather than regulating them to the ghetto. Napoleon was satisfied with the Sanhedrin's answers,  which included compromises to what Jewish law would allow in a new Europe. The Jews, Napoleon was convinced, would not be so otherly after all. And as French forces swept eastward under the banner Liberté, égalité, fraternité, he freed them from their ghettos and allowed them to own property, to worship freely, and to apply themselves to professions from which old laws had barred them.  Historians still argue over Napoleon's intentions, over whether he truly sympathized with the Jews of the east or merely sought to undermine the order of the nation-states he was conquering. And of course, those conquered states have no love lost for the little Frenchman. But again, the Jews were the beneficiaries of the falling borders--and the victims of their reinstatement. After he drove back Napoleon, Czar Alexander I denounced the liberation of the Jews and demanded the return of Jewish control laws. In Austria, as the French tide receded, Metternich fretted that the Jews would forever take Napoleon to be their messiah. The Lutherans of Prussia moved quickly to reverse Jewish liberations. And the triumphant Brits, the heroes of Waterloo, rejected the peace of the Sanhedrin.”
(Semitism, Being Jewish in America in the Age of Trump, Jonathan Weisman, pages 35-37)
#Semitism#Anti-Semitism#Weisman#Jonathan Weisman#book excerpt#Jews#Judaism#Jewish#Napoleon and the Jews#Napoleon and Judaism#Napoleon#Bonaparte#Napoleon Bonaparte#Emperor Napoleon#Emperor Napoleon I#Napoleon I#Trump
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What are fire prevention and safety guidelines
The city fire chief and safety director went out on what would be his final judgment , collapsing upon his come to the station. He was 66. the reason for death has not been determined..
 For years Sing served as a politician with the Tri-Mutual Aid hearth Fighters Association safety , wherever he worked closely with nearly thirty hearth and rescue departments in NE and Iowa that comprised regarding one,600 firefighters, paramedics and emergency medical technicians. He conjointly was a deputy state fire fighter.Â
John was what i'd believe the hub of activity with hearth services and logistic support ,” aforesaid Ken Ward, assistant fire chief at Ponca Hills Volunteer department of government . “He was a tireless and dedicated individual. There wasn’t anybody WHO didn’t recognize John.” check in for World-Herald news alerts Be the first to understand once news happens.Â
The Rev. Steven Boes, administrator of Boys city, aforesaid there’s been “tremendous grief” following Sing’s death. “His dedication of forty eight years to our youngsters , workers and thus the Village of Boys city can honor his memory for years to return,” Boes aforesaid. “Chief Sing are getting to be lost by all, particularly the varied youngsters whose lives are completely influenced by his service
 Sing was in his late teens in 1971 once he started operating in protection and firefighting at Boys city. it had been a natural suited him, given his father’s a couple of years doing numerous work on Boys city. Paul Sing served as protection director ANd sheriff’s captain at Boys city and helped safety as an professional and a director there. “(John) had the prospect to shadow to his pappa, and on the means he learned and was impressed,” his spouse aforesaid.Â
Her husband dear his work, she said, and was centered loosely on public safety, along side coaching and interagency cooperation. “He would set down something, stop what he was doing to retort to a requirement ,” she said. Among the enhancements Sing launched at Boys city was a security program supported new federal geographic point laws and a fire plebe program that provided skills coaching and career opportunities for teenagers at Boys city et al.. underneath Sing’s leadership,Â
Boys city hosted plebe competitions that actor groups of teenagers from around the country, Ward said. “It was an honest teaching tool,” Ward aforesaid. “The Boys city team was invariably the team to beat as a results of John had them well-trained.” Sing conjointly oversaw the Boys city hearth Brigade’s transition to a municipal department of government . Sing is survived by his spouse of forty eight years, Sharon Marie (Lee), daughter Jamie McCarty, son Jason and seven grandchildren
. Visitation are getting to be from five to seven p.m. Friday at Dowd Memorial Chapel of the stainless Conception, 13943 Dowd Drive, at Boys city. it'll be followed by a vigil service at seven p.m. A Mass of Christian burial are getting to be at ten a.m. Saturday, conjointly at Dowd Chapel. World-Herald workers author Kevin Cole contributed to the present report. Close Claire Wickenhauser was well-known for her merry cake decorations at Emminger's shop, that she closely-held along side her husband plug-ugly.
Helen "Hani" Kenefick, spouse of former Union Pacific president John Kenefick, died Jan. seven at age ninety three. A old supporter of Sacred Heart college in Omaha, she conjointly served on the boards of St. Joseph's Hospital, the school of St. Jewess and volunteered at the Joslyn repository. Fire and safety i fought in war II and diode the NE Guard from 1977 to 1983. He died Jan. seven at age ninety five.
He died Jan. eleven at age eighty six. Read more Anne Boyle served nearly twenty years on the NE Public Service Commission, and an entire life making an effort to serve the overall public, particularly those marginalized by society.
 Boyle, the previous state chair of the Democratic Party , died Feb. a pair of at her target Omaha. She was 76. Read more Harry A. Koch Jr. was better-known in business circles for leading the insurance brokerage his father supported in 1916 for over forty years;Â
He expanded and modernised it before merchandising it to a special native family-owned company in 2004. bacteriologist died February. twenty four at age eighty nine due to complications from a fall in Nov. Dennis “Whitey” Mixan, 62, of Bellevue was a “terrible” highschool battler however finished up the daddy of 4 state champions
. And whereas Mixan dear to play musical instrument , different amateur guitarists typically outperformed him for a spot in Friday night jam sessions. however he unbroken participating in and even engineered his own guitars, aforesaid his son transducer Mixan of Omaha. White Mixan died March twenty six. Read more Businessman and giver Lee Sapp, fire safetytravel center chain along side his 3 brothers, died March thirty.
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Rittenhouse Bar Fires Cook Targeted on Yelp, Facebook for Pro-Hitler Posts
City
We talked to the man who calls himself “so much more” than a Nazi — and the man who led the charge to get him tossed from his job.
Left: Accused “Nazi” Steven James Fullerton. (Photo provided.) Right: Oh! Shea’s Pub. (Photo via Google Maps)
Oh! Shea’s Pub is a casual, laid-back bar and restaurant on Sansom Street in Rittenhouse Square. You might go there to watch a game, throw back some pints with your colleagues. But that’s about it. Oh! Shea’s is just not, you know, the kind of bar that people talk about. But that all changed this week.
Over the past weekend, Oh! Shea’s became the subject of countless angry posts and comments on Facebook. There were threads on Reddit. Threats to boycott. Bad reviews left on Yelp.
Why? Because a cook at Oh! Shea’s had repeatedly published pro-Nazi and pro-Hitler comments and memes on Facebook. And on Wednesday, Oh! Shea’s fired the employee.
It all started with Old City resident Victor Shugart, seen here. The 25-year-old Drexel engineering student, a former U.S. Marine, loathes Nazis. According to Shugart, eight of his nine great-great-uncles on his mother’s side fought against the Nazis in World War II, and his Great-Great-Uncle Red was killed at the Battle of the Bulge after he stepped on a Nazi landmine. So when he saw that a man who seemed like a real-life Nazi was working at a restaurant in Rittenhouse Square, he decided to take action.
“It’s really a dumb story, how I found out,” Shugart tells Philly Mag. “I was up late one night on Facebook, and I saw Jim Kenney talking about how the city declared a state of emergency for Kensington because of the heroin problem. I’m reading through these comments, and I saw this one that really stood out. The guy said that we should just let all opioid users die.”
The guy was Steve Fullerton. Curious, Shugart clicked on the account, and he was shocked by what he found. On Fullerton’s page, there were photos of people giving the Nazi salute. Words and phrases like “Jewess” and “Jew-trickery” were being thrown around. There was a post blaming Africans for slavery. There was pro-Hitler rhetoric. And late in September, the cover photo for that Facebook profile was changed to a Nazi officer’s hat.
A few screenshots from Fullerton, used with his permission:
What Shugart also spotted on Facebook was that Fullerton listed Oh! Shea’s as his employer. So Shugart decided to pay Oh! Shea’s a visit on Sunday. He says that he went inside, ordered a beer, and asked the bartender why Oh! Shea’s was employing a “Nazi.” Shugart claims that the bartender told him that he’d have to leave if he said another word about it. Shugart finished his beer and left soon thereafter without further confrontation.
After Shugart visited the bar, Fullerton posted the following on Facebook: “Just had some stranger come to the bar and ask if I was here BY NAME. And told my co-worker that I was a Nazi and that he had proof. When I walked out, the stranger recognized me, but I didn’t know who he was. My co-worker told him to leave as soon as he saw me. #politicalassassination … But my co-workers have known that I write and read Nazi posts for the last ten years.” (An Oh! Shea’s manager tells Philly Mag that he doesn’t believe that anybody at Oh! Shea’s knew of Fullerton’s online life; Fullerton continues to maintain that they did.)
After that, Shugart and his friends started spreading word about Fullerton and Oh! Shea’s using Facebook, Reddit and other online platforms. He says he left reviews on Yelp to warn Oh! Shea’s customers.
And once word got out, others starting leaving negative Yelp reviews as well. When we checked the Oh! Shea’s Yelp page on Wednesday afternoon, there were three one-star Yelp reviews left there on Tuesday and Wednesday that refer to the “Nazi” in the kitchen. “The owner employees a NAZI that brags about his white supremacists views,” wrote one Yelper. “Disgusting!!!”
Philly Mag spoke with several people who live or work in the area of Oh! Shea’s who said that they were disturbed by the information that Shugart was circulating. One said that Oh! Shea’s was the watering hole of choice for his office. But not anymore. Not after this. Another said that they’d never go in Oh! Shea’s again, even if Fullerton got fired. (None of these other people were willing to use their names, due to fear for their safety.)
And getting Fullerton fired was exactly Shugart’s endgame.
“400,000 Americans died in a war so that we could all agree that Nazism can be thrown into the trash can of history,” Shugart tells Philly Mag. “This guy does not deserve to work in Philadelphia. What does this guy do to the food of people he thinks should be exterminated? What does he do in that kitchen when an order comes in for the Untermensch?”
“So people who you say are Nazis shouldn’t be allowed to work?” I ask Shugart.
“Listen, if you want to hire a Nazi, I get to tell the world that you hire Nazis,” he retorts. “You wanna keep him employed? I get to tell every person I know not to eat or drink at your pub.”
Shugart says that he is pro-free speech. And he insists that he’s not going to target anybody who comes along that he simply disagrees with or whose views he finds offensive.
“I understand that there are conservatives out there and that we disagree,” says Shugart. “But I’m not going to get somebody fired over that. But can we just agree that there is zero room for Nazism in a country that my relatives fought the Nazis for? And a country that I’ve fought for? He may be legally protected by the Constitution. But this isn’t a legal problem. It’s a social one. He’s not welcome in our society with these beliefs.”
On Wednesday afternoon, an Oh! Shea’s manager confirmed for us that Fullerton had been fired due to his online posts. “You just can’t put crazy shit on the Internet and not expect it to come back to you,” another Oh! Shea’s employee said.
Reached on Wednesday evening, Fullerton was not exactly apologetic or remorseful about his posts. And he didn’t seem to care that he was out of a job. He said that it wasn’t a “serious job” and that he was looking forward to collecting unemployment. He called me “gay” and a “commie” and added that “it’s a bad time to be a commie in Trump’s America.”
I asked him flat out if Shugart was correct in calling him a Nazi.
“I am far more than that,” he replied.
I prompted him to explain his offensive Facebook posts.
“I’m looking for my Blutfahne,” was his response.
After I spoke with Fullerton, Shugart took to Facebook to alert his friends and followers that Oh! Shea’s “did the right thing.”
“Whoever says direct action doesn’t work hasn’t tried it,” he wrote. “I appealed to their sense of morality, and they listened. So here’s one for doing the right thing in the world, and a thank you to the management at Oh! Shea’s for standing up and fixing what needed fixing.”
Source: https://www.phillymag.com/news/2018/10/11/oh-sheas-philadelphia-nazi/
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A leading French Jewish organization said on Friday that it had “learned with consternation” that the man accused of murdering Jewish pensioner Sarah Halimi in April 2017 will not face a criminal trial.
In a statement carried by the Jewish publication Alliance, the BNVCA  —  a Paris-based group that works with victims of antisemitic attacks — said that the investigating magistrate in the Halimi case had concluded that the murderer, Kobili Traore, was heavily intoxicated on marijuana when he committed the killing, and mentally unfit to stand trial.
Halimi, 65-years-old at the time of her death, was subjected to a frenzied beating and then hurled from a third-floor window in the early hours of Apr. 4, 2017, by Traore, a neighbor in the same public housing project in eastern Paris who broke into her apartment.
Terrified neighbors who alerted police after hearing her cries for help reported that Traore had shouted the words, “Allahu Akhbar,” and, “Shaitan” (Arabic for “Satan”), during Halimi’s ordeal.
Police investigations later revealed that Halimi had told relatives that she was scared of Traore, who insulted her visiting daughter as a “dirty Jewess” a few weeks before the murder.
In its statement, the BNVCA pointed out the “paradox that a driver under the influence of alcohol has his sentence heavily aggravated, and a drug user is exonerated.”
The group added that it was now “very pessimistic about the real possibilities of eradicating antisemitism when the culprits are neither tried nor sentenced.”
It concluded: “We fear that this decision will encourage other so-called mentally ill people to commit other anti-Jewish crimes.”
#islam#muslim#antisemitism#sarah halimi#allahu akbar#jews#jewish#double standard#hypocrisy#wtf#cire traore#Paris#France
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Beware of Pity -Â Stefan Zweig
Oh what a book. What a book! What a book! Read the book.  The day after the US Presidential election my uncle and I went to a cafe, and as I walked to the table with the tea and scones every single table I passed was worrying about Trump and what is going to happen to us all.   Future historians of our epoch will one day record that in the year 1937 almost every conversation in every country of this distracted Europe of ours was dominated by speculation as to the probability or improbability of a new world war. Wherever people met, this theme exercised an irresistible fascination, and one sometimes had a feeling that it was not the people themselves who were working off their fears in conjectures and hopes, but, so to speak, the very air, the storm-laden atmosphere of the times, which, charged with latent suspense, was endeavoring to unburden itself in speech. I hope I am just paranoid and my feeling of connection with that other time and place is childish.. it is what it is I suppose. What must be shall be. The first chapter was probably the best first chapter of any book I have ever read. Do not read on. Spoilers. Do  not even google its name because the google results contain spoilers without you even needing to click a link. And do not read the introduction of the book, because it contains a summary of the entire plot and no real analysis. Never read introductions until afterwards, if they don’t tell you the entire story they will at the very least tell you the ending.Â
Beware of Pity
Our anti-hero, the ring-tailed fool, dillydallies between two views. To be kind and self-sacrificing, or to be selfish and independent.Â
Were people really made so kind and happy by seeing others display kindness and pity? If that were so, Condor was right; if that were so, anyone who made a single person happy had fulfilled the purpose of his existence; it was really worth while to devote oneself to others to the very limit of one’s strength, and even beyond. If that were so, every sacrifice was justified, and even a lie that made others happy was more important than truth itself.
Is pity incompatible with love?Â
  Only now did I realize [...] why my pity so enraged her. Obviously she had realized with a woman’s clairvoyant instinct that pity is far too lukewarm and fraternal a feeling, and but a sorry substitute for real love.
From selfless:
Even if I had gone further than in all honesty I should have done, my lies, those lies born of pity, had made her happy; and to make a person happy could never be a crime.
To selfish:
For the first time I began to perceive that true sympathy cannot be switched on and off like an electric current, that anyone that identifies himself with the fate of another is robbed to some extent of his own freedom.
Perhaps in his selflessness he was dishonest and in his selfishness he was honest. At many points in the book people take an inexplicable liking to him, at one point he even notices and is puzzled himself. If he would only stop and see what a coward he is, or if someone would look past his gentlemanliness and his Aryan eyes and realize what he really is and point it out to him before it’s too late.Â
Is it a crime to marry someone you don’t love to make them happy?
How often has it been committed? Â
For vanity, too, inebriates; gratitude, too, intoxicates; tenderness, too, can blissfully confuse the senses.
Sometimes insightful, now blind:Â
What a mercy, I thought, that the crippled, the maimed, those whom Fate has cheated, at least in sleep have no knowledge of the shapeliness or unshapeliness of their bodies.Â
There is something so horrible about this. The man is so obsessed with this person’s disability that he can at no time think of the person without thinking of the problem. And he for some reason assumes that the person is equally plagued by it and never thinks of anything else. He assumes that because he has reduced them to nothing but a condition that this is truly all they are and they are aware of it. I’ve seen people say this book is a-political. Those people are blind! This way of thinking leads down a clear road to the years where 11 million people were killed in concentration camps because they were defined according to one and only one aspect of themselves, ranging from race to chronic illness  to sexuality to political belief.
The fact that the object of pity in this book is Jewish, like the author himself, can surely be no coincidence. The Herr Lieutenant is haunted by the idea that his family and friends might find out he is romantically associated with a “Jewess”.Â
Narrow-minded person that he is, every single moment he is with her he pities her. He never forgets why she is sitting down. When she tries to show him her strength and perseverance, tries to show him that she can, in fact, walk, all he can see is weakness:Â
She wanted, out of a kind of mysterious vindictiveness born of despair, to torture us with her torture, to arraign us, the hale and hearty, in the place of God.
She is constantly aware of his pity and it is a constant reminder to her of her situation. It destroys her:
A lame creature, a cripple like myself, has no right to love. How should I, broken, shattered being that I am, be anything but a burden to you, when to myself I am an object of disgust, of loathing. A creature such as I, I know, has no right to love, and certainly no right to be loved. It is for such a creature to creep away into a corner and die and cease to make other people's lives a burden with her presence.
On self-deception:Â
The instinct of self-deception in human beings makes them try to banish from their minds dangers of which at the bottom they are perfectly aware by declaring them nonexistent, and a warning such as mine against cheap optimism was bound to prove particularly unwelcome at a moment when a sumptuously laid supper was awaiting for us in the next room.
One should not always let the wish be father to the thought. Only a numskull is pleased at being a so-called “success” with women, only a dunderhead is puffed up by it.
On courage:Â
During the war practically the only courage I came across was mass courage, the courage that comes of being one of a herd, and anyone who examines this phenomenon more closely will find it to be compounded of some very strange elements: a great deal of vanity, a great deal of recklessness and even boredom, but, above all, a great deal of fear — yes, fear of staying behind, fear of being sneered at, fear of independent action, and fear, above all, of taking a stand against the mass enthusiasm.   It always demands a far greater degree of courage for an individual to oppose an organized movement than to let himself be carried along with the stream — individual courage, that is, a variety of courage that is dying out in these times of progressive organization and mechanization. Even in the last war he had not met many men at the front who had either unequivocally acquiesced in or opposed the war. Most of them had been whirled into it like a cloud of dust and had simply found themselves caught up in the vast vortex, each one of them tossed about willy-nilly like a pea in a great sack. For the first time in my life I began to realise that it is not evil and brutality, but nearly always weakness, that is to blame for the worst things that happen in this world.
Other interesting bits:
It seemed to him to be more important and sensible to become rich than to be regarded as rich  one might have thought he had read Schopenhauer’s wise paralipomena with regard to what one is or merely represents oneself to be).
Sometimes one is amazed that the good God should trouble to give the six or seven hundred roofs of a little town of this sort the background of a different sky and a different countryside. -
What a wonderful line. It says so much and so early on about the narrator.
It is only the immeasurable, the limitless that terrifies us. That which is set within defined, fixed limits is a challenge to our powers, comes to be the measure of our strength.
 There are two kinds of pity. One, the weak and sentimental kind, which is really no more than the heart's impatience to be rid as quickly as possible of the painful emotion aroused by the sight of another's unhappiness, that pity which is not compassion, but only an instinctive desire to fortify one's own soul agains the sufferings of another; and the other, the only one at counts, the unsentimental but creative kind, which knows what it is about and is determined to hold out, in patience and forbearance, to the very limit of its strength and even beyond.
  Love is illimitable, all finiteness, all moderation, is repugnant, intolerable to it. In every sign of constraint, of restraint, on the part of the other it suspects opposition; any reluctance to yield utterly it rightly interprets as secret resistance. And there must have been a trace of embarrassment and confusion in my behaviour, of disingenuousness and gaucherie in what I said, for all my efforts were no match for her alert expectancy.
  For a young and inexperienced person almost invariably forms a picture of real life and experience that is a reflection of the world of which he has heard or read in books; before he has experienced life at first-hand he inevitably moulds his ideas of it on second-hand experience. Our decisions are to a much greater extent dependent on our desire to conform to the standards of our class and environment than we are inclined to admit. A considerable proportion of our reasoning is merely an automatic function, so to speak, of influences and impressions which have become part of us..  I felt like a murderer who has buried the corpse of his victim in a wood: the snow begins to fall in thick, white, dense flakes; for months, he knows, this concealing coverlet will hide his crime, and afterwards all trace of it will have vanished forever. And so I plucked up the courage and began to live again. Since no one reminded me of it, I myself forgot my guilt. For the heart is able to bury deep and well what it urgently desires to forget. So often in fiction, films and TV more than books, people are, in the end, good or bad. This person, oh and I despise him, this person is both. He is so real. He’s insightful at times, but incredibly blind. Kind, but impossibly cruel and selfish overall. Honorable, but despicable. Brave, but as cowardly as they come. Â
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