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adamsvanrhijn · 1 year ago

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what i, tumblr user maudbeaton, actually want to happen with the gilded age character maud beaton and oscar van rhijn (part 1/?)

Ok. so.

I made a post a few days ago just talking generally about my thoughts on the theory that Maud is scamming Oscar, which then boiled down to, "I do not think the scam explanation is more compelling or necessarily makes more sense than the straightforward explanation".

Even after 2.06, this is still my feelings on the situation overall: to me, it is more interesting if Maud isn't simply scamming Oscar, and if there is truth to what we have heard from/about Maud and the people around her.

However. What I want to happen only very rarely aligns with what Julian Fellowes wants to happen. Nothing in this series of posts is intended to be perceived as a prediction or as me debunking a common fan theory. I won't be surprised if Maud does turn out to be a scam artist at this point! I'm not even saying I think she isn't, we'll get there... If anything this might convince you even more that she IS scamming who knows!

I'm only saying that my hope is that ultimately what happens is more complicated than that, and here's why.

Meeting Maud

Let's take everything we heard about Maud (from Maud herself and from Aurora Fane) in 2.02 at face value for a moment. Maud has been living in Europe ("Paris mostly") since the death of her mother, who was born a Stuyvesant - old money New York family. She's heard of Mrs. Van Rhijn, because she was just talking to the Drexels in Newport - but she's not staying with them in Newport, she's staying with other friends. She now lives in New York with a sort of paid companion. Her named father, John Beaton, is dead. She is rumored to be the biological illegitimate daughter of Jay Gould, who has taken an interest in her, and she has lots of money at her disposal.

Jay Gould is an incredibly prominent figure, the archetypal robber baron. He has obscene money and influence (like George), and he amassed this wealth through being a ruthless businessman who undercuts and ruins the businesses of others (like George). This is Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk levels of publicity, with comparable buying power. People do not like Jay Gould. Jay Gould is not easy to deal with. That line from him in the first episode about hiring half the working class to kill the other half? A quote that has been attributed to him IRL and that lined up pretty well with his own actions. His one known soft spot was his own wife and children.

Realistically, Maud being rumored to be an illegitimate daughter wouldn't be good for her socially, let alone being rumored to be Jay Gould's illegitimate daughter.

We have a precedent for this in the show, because Marian brings it up about Cissie Bingham (the "niece" of Henry Flagler, rumored to be his daughter, whom Raikes later marries) the previous season in 1.09:

Raikes: We know New York now, you and I. There's a life to be lived here, and a good life. But two penniless strangers from out of town could not have hoped to live it. Marian: But Miss Bingham can make sure of that life for you? Well, why not? She won't suit the old crowd, but she'll do well enough with the new, and her fortune is more than ample for both of you.

(Just for fun, I will also call out that it's the Drexels' box at the Academy of Music where Aurora spots Bingham and Raikes in 1.09.)

And Aurora calls out that people do talk about Maud—in the same breath as saying that she goes everywhere and is nice, and as we see Maud speaking to a nameless background character.

Oscar thinks this is great. "Suitable and charming" he says! Oscar is a fortune hunter who wants to marry a rich girl for her money. He's also closeted and wants the social stability that would come with marriage to a woman — especially a pretty, popular woman who is liked (if not, in Maud's case, universally well regarded).

Here's the thing:

From when we first meet her, Maud is already too good to be true.

...but it's not because the information we have about her doesn't make sense on its own. It's because Oscar's conclusion doesn't make sense based on that information.

At this point all Oscar (thinks he) knows is that this woman is an orphan living with a paid companion who says she knows the Drexels and has friends in Newport she's staying with and lived in Paris and looks down on Parisians, and whose father might actually be Jay Gould, and that's why she can spend all the money she does. That all adds up! Not unheard of, it makes sense that a young woman with no living legal guardians might be supported by her wealthy biological father even if he hasn't claimed her.

What doesn't add up is that she would retain any of the wealth she has access to after she married other than a dowry. It doesn't add up that she would continue to be supported by a man who has no legal responsibility toward her once there is a man with a legal responsibility toward her: a husband. That's the case for girls with alive legitimate biological fathers, too—and in 1.03, Charles Fane calls out that it's not a good look or feeling to be a penniless husband relying on your wife's father for financial support.

There is no reason to think, with the information that Oscar has, even taking that information completely at face value, that Maud is an heiress to or of anything.

Even if we assume everything that Oscar has been told at this point is true (and it's already been presented to him as rumor!), the most straightforward explanation here is that Maud's biological dad doesn't want her to fall into poverty after being orphaned and it's a drop in the bucket to him, not that she's secretly an heiress to Gould money. Oscar is making an assumption based on what he wants to be true, without all of the facts.

Yes, Maud has plenty of money at her disposal... but is it hers?

Oscar is not bothering to ask that question. He is already setting himself up for failure.

(part 2)

#maud beaton tag #oscar van rhijn tag #the gilded age spoilers

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jpbjazz · 4 months ago

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LÉGENDES DU JAZZ

MAX ROACH, LE BATTEUR ACTIVISTE Né le 10 janvier 1924 dans le township de Newland, dans le comté de Pasquotank, en Caroline du Nord, Maxwell Lemuel Roach était le fils d’Alphonse et Cressie Roach. Max avait quatre ans lorsque sa famille était déménagée dans le quartier de Bedford-Stuyvesant, près de Brooklyn. Sa mère étant chanteuse de gospel, Max avait baigné très vite dans un environnement musical. Après avoir joué du bugle (flugelhorn) dans les parades, Roach avait commencé à apprendre le piano à l’age de huit ans. Deux ans plus tard, il était batteur dans des groupes gospel. Roach venait tout juste de décroché son diplôme au Boys High School de Brooklyn lorsqu’il avait été invité à remplacer Sonny Greer avec l’orchestre de Duke Ellington qui se produisait alors au Paramount Theater de Manhattan. Il avait aussi joué au Georgie Jay’s Tap Room, où il avait accompagné son camarade d’école Cecil Payne. Roach avait fait ses débuts sur disque en décembre 1943 avec Coleman Hawkins.

Plusieurs batteurs de jazz avaient influencé le jeu de Roach, en particulier Philly Joe Jones. Roach expliquait: "Jo Jones was the first drummer I heard who played broken rhythms. I listened to him over and over again. But a lot of people inspired me. Chick Webb was a tremendous soloist. There was Sonny Greer, Cozy Cole, and Sid Catlett, who incorporated this hi-hat and ride cymbal style. Then I heard Kenny Clarke. He exemplified personality and did more with the instrument. It affected me."

Après avoir joué avec Benny Carter, Roach avait connu un des tournants de sa carrière au début des années 1940 en jouant avec Charlie Parker et Dizzy Gillespie dans des clubs comme le Monroe’s Uptown House (dont il était devenu le batteur maison en 1942) et la Minton’s Playhouse de New York.

Roach avait été un des premiers batteurs avec Kenny Clarke à adopter le style bebop. Roach avait joué dans les groupes de Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Coleman Hawkins, Bud Powell et Miles Davis. C’est avec Parker que Roach avait réalisé certains de ses plus enregistrements les plus novateurs, notamment pour les disques Savoy en novembre 1945, lors d’une session qui avait marqué un point tournant dans l’histoire du jazz. Le travail de Roach avec le trio de Bud Powell avait été particulièrement acclamé par la critique. Roach avait décrit ainsi sa collaboration avec Parker: "Everything was on the edge with Bird, you never knew what he was going to do musically, but it always worked out."

Roach, qui avait toujours apprécié la musique des Caraïbes, s’était rendu à Haïti à la fin des années 1940 afin d’étudier avec le batteur traditionnel Ti Roro. En 1949, il avait également participé à l’enregistrement de l’album ‘’Birth of the Cool’’ de Miles Davis.

UNE RENOMMÉE CROISSANTE

Roach avait étudié les percussions classiques et la composition à la Manhattan School of Music de 1950 à 1953, où il avait décroché un baccalauréat en musique. En 1990, la Manhattan School of Music lui avait décerné un doctorat honorifique. Roach avait d’abord envisagé de compléter une majeure en percussions, mais il s’était ravisé après qu’un professeur lui ait déclaré que sa technique laissait à désirer. Comme Roach l’avait expliqué avec humour: “The way he wanted me to play would have been fine if I’d been after a career in a symphony orchestra, but it wouldn’t have worked on 52nd Street.”

En 1952, Roach avait co-fondé les disques Debut avec le contrebassiste Charles Mingus. Il s’agissait d’une des première compagnie de disques de l’histoire à être entièrement gérée par des artistes. C’est Mingus lui-même qui avait enregistré le célèbre concert du 15 mai 1953 à la salle Massey Hall de Toronto. Le concert mettait en vedette Roach, Mingus, Charlie Parker, Bud Powell et Dizzy Gillespie. Les disques Debut avaient également publié un album intitulé ‘’Percussion Discussion’’, une improvisation libre entre une batterie et une contrebasse. À la fin de 1953, Roach avait décidé de s’établir dans la région de Los Angeles, après avoir obtenu un contrat pour remplacer Shelly Manne au sein des Lighthouse All Stars.

En 1954, Roach avait formé un quintet avec le trompettiste Clifford Brown, le saxophoniste ténor Harold Land, le pianiste Richie Powell (le frère de Bud Powell) et le contrebassiste George Morrow. Lorsque Land avait quitté le groupe l’année suivante, il avait été remplacé par Sonny Rollins. Le quintet était un bon exemple du style hard bop qui avait aussi été popularisé par Art Blakey et Horace Silver. Roach avait participé plus tard à l’enregistrement des albums ‘’Saxophone Colossus’’ et ‘’Freedom Suite’’ de Rollins.

Le quintet de Roach et Brown est considéré comme une des meilleures formations de jazz de l’histoire aux côtés des Hot Five et des Hot Seven de Louis Armstrong et des quintets de Charlie Parker et Miles Davis. Au cours des huit années suivantes, la réputation de Roach n’avait que croître. Durant cette période, Roach avait accompagné plusieurs artistes émergents comme Bud Powell, Sonny Stitt et Miles Davis. Malheureusement, Clifford Brown et Richie Powell étaient morts dans un accident de voiture en Pennsylvanie en juin 1956. La mort de Brown et de Powell avait plongé Roach dans la dépression et l’alcoolisme. Il avait fallu plusieurs années à Roach pour s’en remettre.

Le premier album que Roach avait enregistré après le décès de Brown et Powell était intitulé ‘’Max Roach + 4.’’ Après la mort de Brown et Powell, Roach avait continué de diriger des groupes de petite taille. Son nouveau groupe était composé de Kenny Dorham (il a été remplacé plus tard par Booker Little) à la trompette, de George Coleman au saxophone ténor et de Ray Bryant au piano. Grand innovateur, Roach avait élargi la forme standard du hard bop en utilisant des rythmes de 3|4 sur son album de 1957 intitulé ‘’Jazz in 3|4 Time.’’ À la même époque, Roach avait enregistré une série d’albums pour les disques EmArcy qui mettaient en vedette les frères Stanley et Tommy Turrentine.

En 1955, Roach avait accompagné la chanteuse Dinah Washington en concert et en studio. Le concert de Roach avec Washington au festival de jazz de Newport de 1958 avait été filmé. Quant à l’album live de 1954 ‘’Dinah Jams’’, il est considéré comme un des meilleurs disques de jazz de tous les temps.

UN ARTISTE ENGAGÉ

Particulièrement impliqué dans le mouvement des droits civiques et opposé au racisme sous toutes ses formes, Roach avait été invité à participer en 1960 aux célébrations entourant le 100e anniversaire de la proclamation d’émancipation d’Abraham Lincoln. La réponse de Roach ne s’était pas fait attendre: il avait enregistré ‘’We Insist !’’ (sous-titré ‘’Max Roach’s Freedom Now Suite’’), un album particulièrement revendicateur dans lequel il avait chanté en compagnie de son épouse de l’époque Abbey Lincoln sur des paroles écrites par Oscar Brown Jr. Pour Roach, la carrière de musicien de jazz était indissociable de la lutte contre le racisme. Il expliquait: “I will never again play anything that does not have social significance. We American jazz musicians of African descent have proved beyond all doubt that we’re master musicians of our instruments. Now what we have to do is employ our skill to tell the dramatic story of our people and what we’ve been through.”

En 1962, Roach avait enregistré ‘’Money Jungle’’, un album en trio avec Charles Mingus et Duke Ellington. L’album est aujourd’hui considéré comme un des meilleurs enregistrements en trio de l’histoire du jazz.

Au cours des années 1970, Roach avait formé M’Boom, un ensemble de percussions. Tous les membres de la formation participaient aux compositions et jouaient de plusieurs instruments. Parmi les membres du groupe, on relevait Fred King, Joe Chambers, Warren Smith, Freddie Waits, Roy Brooks, Omar Clay, Ray Mantilla, Francisco Mora et Eli Fountain.

Impliqué de longue date dans l’enseignement du jazz, Roach avait été recruté en 1971 par le chancelier de l’Université du Massachusetts à Amherst, Randolph Bromery. Premier musicien de jazz à enseigner au niveau universitaire, Roach avait contribué à établir une majeure en jazz dans cette université. Roach avait enseigné dans cette institution jusqu’au milieu des années 1990.

Au début des années 1980, Roach avait commencé à se produire en solo, ce qui avait contribué à démontrer que l’utilisation de plusieurs instruments de percussion par un seul artiste pouvait répondre aux besoins d’un concert en solo tout en comblant entièrement les goûts du public. Roach avait composé des pièces inoubliables pour ses concerts en solo. Un album live avait même été enregistré par l’étiquette japonaise Baystate. L’un des concerts en solo de Roach est disponible sur vidéo, et contient les prises de l’album ‘’Chattahoochee Red’’, qui mettait en vedette un quartet composé du saxophoniste ténor Odeon Pope, du trompettiste Cecil Bridgewater et du contrebassiste Calvin Hill.

Roach avait également enregistré quelques albums en duo. La plupart de ces enregistrements sont composés d’improvisations libres avec des musiciens d’avant-garde comme Cecil Taylor, Anthony Braxton, Archie Shepp et Abdullah Ibrahim. Sur un de ces duos, on entendait même Roach improviser sur le célèbre discours ‘’I have a Dream’’ de Martin Luther King. Roach avait aussi enregistré des duos plus traditionnels avec Dizzy Gillespie et Mal Waldron.

Dans les années 1980, Roach avait également composé de la musique pour le théatre, notamment sur des pièces de Sam Shepard. Roach avait d’ailleurs été directeur musical d’un festival organisé en hommage à Shepard. Intitulé ‘’ShepardSets’’, le festival avait été présenté au MaMa Experimental Theatre Club en 1984. Le festival comprenait les pièces ‘’Black Dog Beast Bait’’, ‘’Angel City’’ et ‘’Suicide in B Flat.’’ En 1985, George Ferenz avait publié ‘’Max Roach Live at La Ma Ma: A Multimedia Collaboration’’, un enregistrement en concert qui reproduisait la performance de Roach dans le cadre du festival.

Grand innovateur, Roach était tellement audacieux qu’il créait constamment de nouveaux contextes pour ses performances, ce qui avait souvent donné lieu à la formation de groupes exceptionnels. L’un de ces groupes était le Double Quartet. Ce dernier était formé des membres de son quartet régulier, à la seule exception que Tyrone Brown avait remplacé Hill à la contrebasse.

Un autre des groupes de Roach était le So What Brass Quintet, un groupe à l’instrumentation inusitée qui était composé de cinq cuivres (deux trompettes, un trombone, un cor français et un tuba) qui étaient accompagnés par Max Roach à la batterie, sans instruments à cordes ni bassiste. Le groupe comprenait Cecil Bridgewater, Frank Gordon, Eddie Henderson, Rod McGaha, Steve Turre, Delfeayo Marsalis, Robert Stewart, Tony Underwood, Marshall Sealy, Mark Taylor et Dennis Jeter.

Loin de se contenter d’élargir ses frontières musicales, Roach avait passé les années 1980 et 1990 à rechercher de nouvelles formes d’expression musicale et de performance. Il avait même joué un concerto avec le Boston Symphony Orchestra. Roach avait aussi joué et composé avec la chorale gospel de Walter White et les John Motley Singers, en plus de se produire avec des compagnies de danse comme le Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, la Dianne McIntyre Dance Company et la Bill T. Jones|Arnie Zane Dance Company. Roach a également collaboré à un concert de hip hop mettant en vedette Fab Five Freddy et les New York Break Dancers. Lorsqu’on demandait à Roach pourquoi il évoluait dans un univers aussi éclaté, il répondait que selon lui, il y avait toujours existé une relation étroite entre le travail de ces jeunes artistes de couleur et l’art qu’il avait pratiqué durant toute sa vie.

Roach avait également fondé le Max Roach Double Quartet, une combinaison de son propre quartet avec le Uptown String Quartet dirigé par sa fille Maxine.

Même si Roach s’était produit avec plusieurs sortes de groupes dans le cadre de différents styles musicaux, il avait toujours continué de jouer du jazz. Après avoir joué avec le Beijing Trio, avec le pianiste Jon Jang et le joueur d’erhu (une guitare à deux cordes orientale) Jeibing Chen, Roach avait enregistré un dernier disque avec le trompettiste Clark Terry. Amis de longue date, Roach et Terry Ils avaient souvent travaillé ensemble, tant en duo qu’en quartet. Roach avait livré sa dernière performance publique lors du 50e anniversaire du concert de Massey Hall. En 1994, il avait également collaboré à l’album ‘’Burning for Buddy’’ du batteur Neal Peart de l’ancien groupe de rock progressif Rush.

DÉCÈS ET POSTÉRITÉ

Au début des années 2000, Roach avait dû ralentir ses activités à la suite de problèmes de santé. Atteint de la maladie d’Alzheimer, Max Roach est mort le matin du 16 août 2007 à New York à l’âge de quatre-vingt-trois ans. Roach avait passé ses dernières années au Mill Basin Sunrise à Brooklyn. Il laissait dans le deuil cinq enfants: deux garçons (Daryl et Raoul) et trois filles (Maxine, Ayo et Dara). Roach avait quatre petits-enfants: Kyle Maxwell Roach, Kadar Elijah Roach, Maxe Samiko Hinds et Skye Sophia Sheffield. Son gendre Fab Five Freddy, un pionnier du hip hop, était réalisateur et artiste. Souvent comparé à Art Blakey dans le cadre des concours couronnant le meilleur batteur, Max Roach avait été un des musiciens les plus innovateurs de l’histoire du jazz.

Plus de 1900 personnes avaient assisté aux funérailles de Roach à l’église Riverside le 24 août 2007. Roach a été inhumé au cimetière Woodlawn dans le Bronx. Dans son hommage funéraire, le lieutenant-gouverneur de l’État de New York, David Paterson, avait comparé le courage de Roach à celui de héros comme Paul Robeson, Harriet Tubman et Malcolm X. Paterson avait déclaré: ‘’No one ever wrote a bad thing about Max Roach's music or his aura until 1960, when he and Charlie Mingus protested the practices of the Newport Jazz Festival."

Roach s’est marié trois fois. Roach avait épousé sa première femme Mildred en 1949. Roach avait eu deux enfants avec Mildred, un fils, Daryl Keith, et une fille, Maxine. En 1956, Roach avait rencontré la chanteuse Barbara Jai Johnson qui lui avait donné un autre fils, Raoul Jordu. Le couple ne semble jamais avoir été marié. De 1962 à 1970, Roach avait été marié à la chanteuse Anne Marie ‘’Abbey’’ Lincoln, qui l’avait accompagné sur plusieurs de ses albums. En 1971, la troisième épouse de Roach, Janus Adams Roach, avait donné naissance à deux jumelles, Ayodele Nieyela et Dara Rashida. Sur le plan religieux, Roach s’identifiait lui-même comme musulman depuis une entrevue qu’il avait accordée à Art Taylor au début des années 1970.

Le batteur Stan Levey avait un jour décrit l’importance de Roach en affirmant: "I came to realize that, because of him, drumming no longer was just time, it was music." En 1966, sur son album intitulé ‘’Drums Unlimited’’ (qui comprenait quelques pièces qui étaient entièrement composées de solos de batterie), Roach avait fait de la batterie un instrument à part entière en démontrant que celle-ci pouvait être utilisée comme un instrument solo capable d’exécuter des thèmes, des variations et des phrases rythmiques cohérentes. Roach décrivait d’ailleurs lui-même sa conception de la musique comme une ‘’création de son organisé.’’

Max Roach a remporté plusieurs prix et récompenses au cours de sa carrière. En 1988, Roach avait décroché une bourse de la MacArthur Foundation, devenant ainsi le premier musicien de jazz à recevoir cet honneur. Roach avait été élu Commandeur de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France l’année suivante. Roach a aussi été nommé Jazz Master par la National Endowment of the Arts en 1984. En plus d’avoir remporté à deux reprises le Grand Prix du Disque de France, Roach a été admis au temple de la Renommée de l’International Percussive Art Society ainsi qu’au Down Beat Hall of Fame. Roach a également été intronisé au sein du North Carolina Music Hall of Fame en 2009. Roach avait aussi été nommé ‘’Jazz Master’’ par l’Université Harvard.

Roach était également récipiendaire de huit doctorats honorifiques. En 1986, la paroisse de Lambeth à Londres en Angleterre avait nommé un parc en l’honneur de Roach. Le batteur avait d’ailleus inauguré le parc lui-même en mars de la même année à l’invitation du Greater London Council. Lors de ce voyage, Roach s’était produit en concert au Royal Albert Hall avec le batteur ghanéen Ghanaba et plusieurs autres.

SOURCES :

KEEPNEWS, Peter. ‘’Max Roach, a Founder of Modern Jazz, Dies at 83.’’ New York Times, 16 août 2007. ’Max Roach.’’ Wikipedia, 2022. ‘’Max Roach.’’ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2022. ‘’Max Roach.’’ National Endowment for the Arts, 2023. ‘’Max Roach Biography.’’ Net Industries, 2023. ‘’Roach, Max.’’ Encyclopedia.com, 18 mai 2018.

#jazz

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verdantsecretary · 9 months ago

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Where to Play Street Basketball in Brooklyn

Brooklyn, New York, renowned for its vibrant culture and diverse neighborhoods, is also a hotspot for street basketball enthusiasts. If you're looking to lace up your sneakers and hit the courts for some urban hoops action, Brooklyn offers a plethora of options. From iconic outdoor courts steeped in basketball lore to hidden gems tucked away in neighborhood parks, there's something for every player. Here are some top spots to indulge in the thrill of street basketball in Brooklyn:

1. The Cage (West 4th Street Courts)

Located in Greenwich Village, just a stone's throw away from Brooklyn, The Cage is arguably the most famous outdoor basketball court in New York City. Known for its electrifying atmosphere and intense competition, this court has been featured in numerous films and documentaries. It's a must-visit destination for any basketball enthusiast seeking a taste of authentic streetball culture.

2. Brower Park

Nestled in the heart of Crown Heights, Brower Park offers a welcoming environment for players of all skill levels. With multiple courts available, you'll often find pick-up games happening throughout the day. The park's vibrant atmosphere, coupled with its convenient location, makes it a popular choice for local basketball enthusiasts.

3. Marcy Playground

Made famous by its association with hip-hop legend Jay-Z, Marcy Playground in Bedford-Stuyvesant is another iconic spot for street basketball in Brooklyn. Despite its humble surroundings, the court has seen its fair share of talent over the years. Whether you're looking to showcase your skills or simply enjoy a casual game with friends, Marcy Playground provides the perfect setting.

4. McCarren Park

Situated in the heart of Williamsburg, McCarren Park boasts well-maintained courts and a lively basketball scene. With ample space for multiple games simultaneously, it's easy to find a match suited to your preferences. After a game, you can explore the park's other amenities or grab a bite to eat at one of the nearby eateries.

5. Sunset Park

For those willing to venture a bit farther south, Sunset Park offers a picturesque setting for outdoor basketball. Perched atop a hill overlooking the Manhattan skyline, the park's courts provide a unique backdrop for your hoops endeavors. Whether you're playing under the bright sun or the glow of city lights, Sunset Park offers an unforgettable basketball experience.

Conclusion

In Brooklyn, the love for basketball runs deep, and the opportunities to play streetball are endless. Whether you're seeking fierce competition or simply looking to shoot some hoops in a relaxed setting, you'll find no shortage of courts to suit your needs. So grab your basketball, gather your friends, and head out to one of these iconic locations to experience the thrill of street basketball in the borough of Brooklyn.

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welidot · 1 year ago

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Jay Z

This Biography is about one of the best Hollywood Singer of the world Jay Z including his Height, weight,Age & Other Detail… Express info Real Name Shawn Corey Carter Nickname S-dot, Young Hov, Jazzy (or Jay-Z), Hova, Jigga, J-Hova, Jiggaman, Iceberg Slim, Lucky Lefty, Joe Camel, Hov Profession Rapper song writer investor entrepreneur Age (as in 2023) 53 Years old Physical Stats & More Info Height in centimeters- 188 cm in meters- 1.88 m in Feet Inches- 6' 2" Weight in Kilograms- 83 kg in Pounds- 183 lbs Body Measurements - Chest: 44 Inches - Waist: 36 Inches - Biceps: 14 Inches Eye Color Black Hair Color Black Personal Life of Jay Z Date of Birth December 4, 1969 Birth Place Brooklyn, New York, U.S. Nationality American Hometown Bedford-Stuyvesant area, Brooklyn School Eli Whitney High School, Brooklyn Educational Qualifications High School drop out Debut Reasonable Doubt (1996) Family Father- Adness Reeves Mother- Gloria Carter Brother- Eric Carter Sister- Andrea (Corrections officer at Rikers Island) Sister- Michelle Carter Ethnicity African-American Religion Non-denominational monotheistic (Does not believe in any religion but does believe in God) Fan Mail Address Jay-Z The 40/40 Club 6 W 25th Street New York, NY 10010-2703 USA Hobbies Reading, Listening and Writing Music, Art, Philanthropy Favourite Things Of Jay Z Favourite Food Pasta, Cereal Favourite Song "Respect" by Aretha Franklin, "I can't get no satisfaction" by The Rolling Stones, "Imagine" by John Lennon, "Like a Rolling Stone" by The Rolling Stones Favorite Drink Aemand de Brignac Champagne Favourite Movie Godfather 2 Favorite Books The Seat of the Soul by Gary Zukav, The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield, and The Odyssey by Homer Favourite Sports Basketball Favourite Color Blue Favourite Music Hip-hop Girls , Affairs and More Of Jay Z Marital Status Married Affairs 1. Blu Cantrell 2. Aaliyah 3. Rosario Dawson 4. Karrine Steffans 5. Shenelle Scott 6. T-Boz 7. Carmen Bryan 8. Marie “Free” Wright 9. Cathy Michelle White Wife/Spouse Beyoncé Knowles (m. 2008) Style Of Jay Z Bikes And Cars Collection Maybach Exelero, Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport, Pagani Zonda, Rolls Royce Phantom, Ferrari F430 Spider, Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet Earning Money of Jay Z Net Worth US$700 million (2016) House Tribeca apartment ( $6.85 million) Trump World Tower apartment (Rent - $65000 a month) Indian Creek village ($9,300,000) This Biography writing by www.welidot.com Read the full article

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stayingunderground · 5 years ago

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Mistah Rapsey - Who's That? [2019]

++ https://www.instagram.com/mistahrapsey/

tracklist 1. J Dilla - Intro (Alt.) 2. Madlib - In Jah Hands (Dilla’s Lament) 3. Karriem Riggins - J Dilla The Greatest 4. J Dilla - Carvel’s Milkshakes 5. Jay Electronica & Nujabes - My(World) 6. Madlib - Soul Sonata 7. Tuamie - Dislikes too much emotional love 8. tropes - Buzzin’ (Yah.) 9. beatboxbandit - create,explore 10. ohbliv - Reelax 11. J Dilla - Weedem 12. Tuamie - kilobytes 13. benjamin hixon - willingly Will Ing Lee 14. tropes - bubble joint 15. The Stuyvesants - Una Noche 16. Pacific Yew - (((( Remember )))) 17. Lomaji - Orpheus 18. J Dilla - Yesterday 19. Madlib - Interlude 20. Madlib - Mindtouch (feat. Yesterdays New Quintet)

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theyoungturks · 2 years ago

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Rap legend Jay-Z has just founded the Bitcoin Academy in the Marcy Park Housing Project, a public housing area in one of New York City's many low-income neighborhoods that Jay-Z lived in when he was growing up. But is Bitcoin the best way to teach financial literacy and could Jay-Z make a more tangible impact on the community? Cenk Uygur, Jayar Jackson, and Jackson White discuss on The Young Turks. Watch LIVE weekdays 6-8 pm ET. http://youtube.com/theyoungturks/live Vote in the poll HERE: https://tyt.com/polls/jay-z-bitcoin-university Read more HERE: https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/jun/17/jay-z-bitcoin-school-marcy-houses "Marcy Houses, the 28-acre public housing development in Brooklyn’s Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood, is best-known as a pillar of rapper-turned-mogul Jay-Z’s New York persona. Built in 1949 as part of a push by the New York City Housing Authority to house the city’s low-income residents, Marcy had fallen into a state of dangerous disrepair by the 1970s when Jay-Z, whose real name is Shawn Carter, was growing up there. “Where I’m from, Marcy son, ain’t nothing nice,” he raps in Where I’m From. “Marcy me, just the way I am always gonna be,” he declares in 2017’s Marcy Me. But while hip-hop’s first confirmed billionaire remains intent on not abandoning his roots, residents of the Marcy Houses expressed annoyance and skepticism at Carter’s latest venture, the Bitcoin Academy – a series of free “financial literacy” courses being offered exclusively to Marcy tenants this summer. On Wednesday afternoon, as bitcoin markets scraped two-year lows, few residents were aware of the cryptocurrency classes set to begin next week as a project sponsored by Carter and his friend and fellow crypto promoter Jack Dorsey, the founder of Twitter. (At least some of the flyers advertising the course appear to have been simply dumped on the floor of buildings.)” *** The largest online progressive news show in the world. Hosted by Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian. LIVE weekdays 6-8 pm ET. Help support our mission and get perks. Membership protects TYT's independence from corporate ownership and allows us to provide free live shows that speak truth to power for people around the world. See Perks: ▶ https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/join SUBSCRIBE on YOUTUBE: ☞ http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=theyoungturks FACEBOOK: ☞ http://www.facebook.com/TheYoungTurks TWITTER: ☞ http://www.twitter.com/TheYoungTurks INSTAGRAM: ☞ http://www.instagram.com/TheYoungTurks TWITCH: ☞ http://www.twitch.com/tyt 👕 Merch: http://shoptyt.com ❤ Donate: http://www.tyt.com/go 🔗 Website: https://www.tyt.com 📱App: http://www.tyt.com/app 📬 Newsletters: https://www.tyt.com/newsletters/ If you want to watch more videos from TYT, consider subscribing to other channels in our network: The Damage Report ▶ https://www.youtube.com/thedamagereport TYT Sports ▶ https://www.youtube.com/tytsports The Conversation ▶ https://www.youtube.com/tytconversation Rebel HQ ▶ https://www.youtube.com/rebelhq TYT Investigates ▶ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwNJt9PYyN1uyw2XhNIQMMA #TYT #TheYoungTurks #BreakingNews 220617__TB04JZ by The Young Turks

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worthnetjayz · 3 years ago

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Jay-Z Net Worth 2021 Biography, Career !

Jay Z Net Worth web truly worth is known to get an incredible $1 billion by 2021, which made him the wealthiest rapper possibly, plus the primary millionaire throughout the rap sector. However, Kanye has since end up being the wealthiest, pushing Jay-Z lower to #2.{Buzrush.com}

Jay Z Net Worth, brought into this world Shawn Corey Carter, is definitely an United states rapper, businessman, and investor. He grew to become one from your top selling music artists at any time, after getting offered 100 zillion data, and got 21 Grammy rewards for his function.

Just like most of the other powerful musicians and athletes worldwide, Jay Z Net Worth didn’t allow audio work as the be-all and finish-all his job. He diverse, and started purchasingrestaurants and nightclubs, their very own outfits range and record content label.

Very early Living

Shawn Carter was designed around the fourth Dec 1969 in Brooklyn, New It is possible to, You . s . Suggests. He was increased in Marcy Properties, a homes job in Brooklyn’s Bedford-Stuyvesant local community. Gloria, Shawn’s mum, raised him and the 3 sisters and brothers following their daddy abandoned them.

Shawn gone to Eli Whitney Older person Secondary School in Brooklyn until finally it had been closed down cheaper. {Buzrush.com}Then he went to the encompassing George Westinghouse Career and Technical Schooling Older High School with potential future rappers The Widely recognized B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes, put into practice having a stint at Trenton Central Older Senior High School in Trenton, Nj. He never ever finished Senior citizen High School Graduation.

Gloria secured a increase box for Jay Z Net Worth birthday, at first sparking a wish for tunes. Subsequent this, he started free of charge-styling and publishing lines, following a brand ‘Jay-Z’ to identification his coach ‘Jay-O’.

Career

Originally, Jay-Z was marketing information through the trunk of his motor vehicle. He’d no report package, and yes it was unsigned, so he did no matter what he could to promote his tunes.

He founded the history label Roc-A-Fella documents with Damon Dash and Kareem Biggs, that have been remaining with these {Buzrush.com}impressive a circulation manage Priority. This then accepted Jay-Z to produce his debut record ‘Reasonable Doubt’ in 1996.

Go toward today, and Jay-Z works with the report for several number one albums which has a solo musician round the US Billboard 200 with 14. He’s also had four amount #1’s around the Billboard Very hot 100.

The amount of is Beyonce & Jay-Z’s put together internet well worth?

By 2021, Jay-Z’s internet worth is $1 billion, and Beyonce’s internet worth is $500 million, which provides the pair a combined internet price of $1.5 billion.

So, how Exactly Does Jay Z Spend His Money?

Jay Z exists in the $6.85 mil condominium in Manhattan. He obviously booked a $400,000-every-four weeks summer time time residence within the Hamptons.

Also, he contains a massive range of vehicles as an example Tesla Version S, Bugatti Veyron, GMC Yukon, Mercedes-Benz Mclaren SLR, Moves-Royce Gold Cloud, 1957 Chevy Corvette, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, Ferrari F430 Spider, Most Highly Regarded Phantom plus much more.

In New Orleans, Jay Z keeps in a $2.4 million former Presbyterian Cathedral presenting three become an expert in bed rooms.

He’s a terrific selection of jewelry similar to a reliable rare metal sequence pendant which is worth $234.000. Also, he incorporates a Hublot Big Group watch well worth $73,700.

Often he brings his household on holiday on $3.6 mil non-public Bahamas area and $61.4 mil yachts.

Highlights

Listed below are the favorite attributes of Jay-Z’s profession:

Preferred Rap/Trendy-Hop Artist, American citizen Music and songs Rewards (2004, 2009)

Finest Males Trendy-Hop Artisan, Wager Rewards (2001, 2004)

Movie from the season, Wager Prizes (Otis, 2012)

Hustler with the season, Option Hip-Hop Honours (2009,2012 and 2011, 2013)

Lyricist of your season, Wager Cool-Hop Rewards (2009)

MVP of the season, Wager Fashionable-Hop Honours (2009)

Musician with the time of year, Billboard Music Honours (1999)

Very best Worldwide Men Single Performer, BRIT Awards (2010)

Ideal Rap Single Efficiency, Grammy Prizes (99 Difficulties, 2005)

Favored Jay-Z Rates

“I would confront the area go shopping, the bodega, and simply pick up a newspaper case or get liquid - anything just to acquire a document case. And I’d produce the language round the paper bag and stuff these ideas within my budget until finally I procured back. I Then would transfer them in to the laptop.” - Jay-Z

“I’m not really near becoming lord, however i operate the lord damn difficult.” - Jay-Z

“I imagine interactions{Buzrush.com} are damaged up because of the marketing.” - Jay-Z

“Successful individuals have a larger anxiety about failure than people who’ve never done anything if you haven’t been effective, then you definitely don’t understand how it feels to get rid of everything.” - Jay-Z

3 Tips for Results from Jay-Z

You’ve now learned about Jay-Z’s net truly worth, and just how he accomplished success here are the best good results coaching to comprehend from Jay-Z:

1. Enthusiasm Can Hit whenever

You read the guy, he comfortable with get a container only for the dark brown papers to make sure that he could write cheaper any lyrics or concepts that found his mind. If this hit, Inspiration can strike anywhere, and Jay-Z ensured he was ready for. That’s near the point, though he most likely drank that bottle too.

2. Constantly Be Hustling

Jay-Z’s world wide web worth is not such as this of quite a few other rappers on the planet. Must know why? he did not go to rapping. He accessed entrepreneurship, buying dining establishments and nightclubs. {Buzrush.com}This is where the majority of his web worthy of originates from.

3. Don’t Wait around Til You Might Have Everything Required

Jay-Z didn’t have the equipment or dollars he’d have adored because he very first began out. He earned use what he’d, and began where he could.

This may almost certainly be the key reason why a lot of people never get started by themselves ambitions. They can be indicating they are patiently waiting till they’ve almost everything they require. {Buzrush.com}Effective people today find out other options for obtaining started without every little thing jazzy items.

Bottom line

Jay-Z is considered the most successful hip-hop artists on earth, and he’s also a skillful entrepreneur. Everybody knows this person is the genuine article, plus the world wide web cost of around $1 billion reveals it.

He’s encouraged lots of other musicians sooner or later ahead and initiate making.

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https://celebritysworth.blogspot.com/2021/08/jay-z-net-worth.html

https://celebritynetworthupdates.blogspot.com/2021/08/jay-z-net-worth.html

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jayznetworth · 3 years ago

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Jay Z Net Worth

Jay Z Net Worth is assumed to be an incredible $1 billion dollars by 2021, which made him the richest rapper actually, along with the preliminary {BuzRush.com} millionaire inside the rap business. However, Kanye has since end up being the wealthiest, pushing Jay-Z lower to #2.

Jay Z Net Worth Corey Carter, is undoubtedly an American citizen rapper, business owner, and buyer. He became a single in the top selling music artists ever, after getting supplied 100 million records, and gotten 21 Grammy awards for his work.

Much like the majority of {BuzRush.com} other powerful musicians and athletes around the world, Jay-Z did not allow music serve as the be-all and finish-all his job. He diversified, and started out purchasingnightclubs and restaurants, their very own clothing line and report label.

Early Living

Shawn Carter came to be across the fourth Dec 1969 in Brooklyn, New You can actually, U . s . Claims. He was elevated in Marcy Properties, {BuzRush.com} a real estate task in Brooklyn’s Bedford-Stuyvesant area. Gloria, Shawn’s mommy, increased him along with the 3 sisters and brothers following their father abandoned them.

Shawn joined Eli Whitney Senior citizen Secondary School in Brooklyn till it was shut down reduce. He then attended the encompassing George Westinghouse Technical and Career Education and learning Elderly Senior High School with upcoming rappers The Well-known B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes, adopted by using a stint at Trenton Main Senior High School Graduation in Trenton, Nj. He in no way done Senior citizen Senior High School.

Gloria obtained a thrive box for Jay-Z’s bday, primarily sparking a need to have music. Pursuing this, he started off cost-free-styling and creating words, after a name ‘Jay-Z’ to identification his coach ‘Jay-O’.

Profession

In the beginning, Jay Z Net Worth was promoting documents from the trunk area of his car. He’d no history deal, and it was unsigned, so he do whichever he could to market his audio.

He launched the history content label Roc-A-Fella information with Damon Dash and Kareem Biggs, that had been kept along with them stunning a submission deal with Top priority. This then authorized Jay-Z to generate his very first recording ‘Reasonable Doubt’ in 1996.

Go toward right now, and Jay-Z {BuzRush.com} can handle the document for several top rated albums using a solo performer around the US Billboard 200 with 14. He’s also possessed a number of number #1’s round the Billboard Very hot 100.

The amount is Beyonce & Jay-Z’s put together online worthy of?

By 2021, Jay-Z’s internet worth is $1 billion, and Beyonce’s internet worth is $500 million, which provides the pair a combined internet price of $1.5 billion.

So, how Exactly Does Jay Z Spend His Money?

Jay Z exists in the $6.85 thousand condo in Manhattan. He apparently hired a $400,000-for every-four weeks summertime time residence within the Hamptons.

Also, he features a large selection of automobiles for example Tesla Product S, Bugatti Veyron, GMC Yukon, Mercedes-Benz Mclaren SLR, Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud, 1957 Chevy Corvette, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, Ferrari F430 Spider, Most Respected Phantom plus much more.

In New Orleans, Jay Z Net Worth stays in the $2.4 million previous Presbyterian Church featuring 3 learn rooms.

He’s an amazing range of pieces of jewelry just like a strong gold chain diamond necklace that may be worth $234.000. Also, he includes a Hublot Huge Group view worthy of $73,700.

Often he brings his family members on a break on $3.half a dozen mil personal Bahamas isle and $61.4 zillion yachts.

Shows

Allow me to share the favorite features of Jay-Z’s profession:

Favored Rap/Cool-Hop Artist, United states Tunes Awards (2004, 2009)

Very best Men Cool-Hop Musician, BET Honors (2001, 2004)

Online video of the year, Guess Honours (Otis, 2012)

Hustler of the period, Guess Cool-Hop Awards (2009,2012 and 2011, 2013)

Lyricist of the season, Guess Trendy-Hop Prizes (2009)

MVP from the year, Wager Cool-Hop Awards (2009)

Performer from the time of year, Billboard Songs Prizes (1999)

Finest Around the world Men Solo Designer, BRIT Honors (2010)

Finest Rap Single Overall performance, Grammy Prizes (99 Issues, 2005)

Preferred Jay-Z Estimates

“I would deal with the area go shopping, the bodega, and just grab a pieces of paper bag or get liquid - something just to acquire a paper bag. And I’d create the terminology round the document stuff and bag these ideas in my budget right up until I obtained back. I Then would move them within the notebook.” - Jay-Z

“I’m not even near being our god, nevertheless i function the lord damn challenging.” - Jay-Z

“I consider connections are destroyed up because of the media.” - Jay-Z

If you haven’t been effective, then you definitely don’t understand how it feels to get rid of everything.” - Jay-Z, “Successful individuals have a larger anxiety about failure than people who’ve never done anything

3 Strategies of Good results from Jay-Z

You’ve now learned about Jay-Z’s web worth, and exactly how he obtained success here work most effectively success instruction to learn from Jay-Z:

1. Creativity Can Attack at any time

You observed the man, he familiar with invest in a package exclusively for the brownish pieces of paper to ensure he could create lower any lyrics or ideas that discovered his brain. If this hit, Inspiration can strike anywhere, and Jay-Z ensured he was ready for. He most likely drank that bottle too, but that’s near the point.

2. Constantly Be Hustling

Jay-Z’s web well worth isn’t similar to this of many other rappers on earth. Need to find out why? he did not check out rapping. He entered entrepreneurship, purchasing dining establishments and clubs. This is the time virtually all his web worthy of originates from.

3. Don’t Hold out Til You Have Everything Required

Jay-Z did not also have the products or cash he’d have loved because he initially started out. However, he earned use what he’d, and began where he could.

This could probably be precisely why many people never get commenced alone dreams. They are declaring they’re waiting right up until they’ve everything they require. Powerful folks learn other techniques for getting commenced without everything jazzy information.

Overview

Jay-Z is among the most efficient hip-hop performers in the world, and he’s additionally a efficient businessman. Everyone knows he or she is the real thing, and also the internet cost of more than $1 billion shows it.

He’s encouraged lots of other performers in the future frontward and commence making.

More Info-

https://www.buzrush.com/jay-z-net-worth/

https://sites.google.com/view/jay-z-net-worth-update/home

Related Searches -

#Jay Z Net Worth #Jay Z Net Worth About

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blackkudos · 5 years ago

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Alvin F. Poussaint

Alvin Francis Poussaint, M. D. is an American psychiatrist well known for his research on the effects of racism in the black community. He is a noted author, public speaker, and television consultant, and Dean of Students at Harvard Medical School. His work in psychiatry is influenced greatly by the civil rights movement in the South, which he joined in 1965. While living in the South, Pouissant learned much about the racial dynamics. He soon delved into his first book, Why Blacks Kill Blacks, which looks at the effects of racism on the psychological development of blacks. Most of Poussaint's work focuses on the mental health of African Americans.

Biography

Alvin Francis Poussaint was born on May 15, 1934, in East Harlem, New York, to immigrants from Haiti. He is the seventh child of eight children born to the parents of Harriet and Christopher Poussaint. At the young age of nine, he became ill with rheumatic fever. While being hospitalized, he became very interested in reading and it soon became a passion of his. He carried this passion with him when he attended the science based high school in New York called Stuyvesant. Stuyvesant was a predominately white institution. Pouissant was one of the few blacks and he encountered racism often. In addition to racist acts against him, he had to deal with losing his mother during high school.

After high school, Poussaint attended Columbia University, where he continued to experience racism. At Columbia, the social scene was particularly disappointing for Poussaint, with him saying, “Social situations were awkward, there being a prevalent feeling among whites that blacks shouldn't come to social events.” In 1956, he graduated from Columbia University with a bachelor's degree in pharmacology. He immediately enrolled in medical school at Cornell Medical School, and he was the only African American admitted during that year. Experiences with racism fueled his career areas of work which focused on the mental health of African Americans and their encounters with racial bias. He became chief resident at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute. However, in 1965 he left UCLA to become the Southern Field Director of the Medical Committee for Human Rights in Jackson, Mississippi. Poussaint believed that racism was the major mental health problem of the black community. He believed helping desegregate the South, especially with medical facilities would be more helpful than doing research at the time.

He stayed in Mississippi for 2 years before going to Tufts University Medical program where he was the faculty director of psychiatry. In 1969, he left Tufts and began his long time journey at Harvard Medical School. He was the associate dean of student affairs. At Harvard he felt a great passion for the affirmative action program and through that he helped 16 African- American student succeed at Harvard. All while working at Harvard, Poussaint never let his passion for the Civil Rights Movement fade. He became close friends with Jesse Jackson. He was even the co-chairman for Jesse Jackson's presidential campaign. At this time, in 1973 Poussaint married his first wife, Ann Ashmore. They had one son together. Their marriage lasted until 1988.

In the 1980s, Poussaint became very well known for his work as a media consultant on scripts and storylines for many black sitcoms, such as The Cosby Show and A Different World. He became close friends with Bill Cosby to ensure that the show promoted a positive healthy and realistic image of black families. In this role he had, Poussaint addressed negative racial stereotypes thought the media. The entertainment industrial complex was not the only sector that called for Poussaint and his skills. The FBI, the White House and the Department of Health all summoned him for counsel. He continued his interest in media and founded the Media Center of the Judge Baker's Children's Center in 1994. In addition, he was the co- executive producer of Willoughby's Wonders. The children's show won a New England Emmy Award in 1997 and was praised for showing an urban soccer team that showed skills that children should exhibit like teamwork and inclusion. During this highlight of his career, Poussaint married Tina Young. The two had a daughter in 1999. Poussaint, currently, continues to work at Harvard Medical School and continues his research. On multiple occasions he has been heavily awarded for his contributions to psychology and a multitude of disciplines.

Work interest

Alvin F. Poussaint is well known in psychology regarding race relations. Much of his work deconstructs theories of race models by white psychologist previously in the field. Through his research he addresses blatant and subtle forms of racism. This is why Poussaint insist that blacks instill self-esteem and black pride into children growing up in this society. In his controversial book, Why Blacks Kill Blacks, he turns the theory or racial self-hatred on its head. He developed his "aggression-rage" theory to show the psychological issues that may plague African Americans. In his book he states, " [The theory of racial self-hatred] allows whites to feel that [blacks] are psychologically deranged while [whites are] posing as models of mental health. In fact, it must be whites who are insecure and filled with self-hatred, since they are the ones who need to oppress blacks in order to cope with life." Another interest of Poussaint is media consulting. He wants to use media to construct positive role models for children.

Black Power: A Failure for Integration within the Civil Rights Movement (1968)

In Alvin Poussaint's article, "Black Power: A Failure for Integration within the Civil Rights Movement" he discusses how the concept of BLACK POWER emerged. Poussaint discusses how Blacks had a complicated relationship with Whites regarding Whites trying to integrate themselves in the Civil Rights Movement. He argues that blacks had a distrust in whites and even had jealousy of them. He observed that Blacks believed Whites had a superiority complex even while being involved in the movement. Poussaint questioned whether this was because Blacks felt inadequate. During the civil rights movement sexual relations between Blacks and White began to form, and so he says from 1964 to 1965 many of the projects "disintegrated" because of these feelings each race had towards one another. Eventually, BLACK POWER came to be as a "psycho-socio-political" concept that removed whites from working in the black community.

The Stresses of the White Female Worker in the Civil Rights Movement in the South (1966)

While working as the Southern Field Director of the Medical Committee for Human Rights in Jackson, Mississippi Poussaint was very observant of those around him. In his article, "The Stresses of the White Female Worker in the Civil Rights Movement in the South" he looks at the social and psychological stressors that white women could possibly encounter in their work and social life during the Civil Rights Movement. The stress that white women could encounter come from two fronts - the white community and the blacks whom they work around. Poussaint describes how white women helping in the civil rights movements appears like a rejection that they have of their own communities. So, white communities may label them as "white trash." The black community did not want white female workers to help in the first place because they believed them being there would cause inherent problems. Many white women were not greeted or welcomed by most blacks there because they did not want their help because of the feeling that whites were trying to take over their movement. Some white female workers coped with this, but a majority went back home because they couldn't handle the stress.

Editorial boards

The Black Scholar (1970)

Psychotherapy: Theory and Research and Practice (1972)

Journal of Afro-American Issues (1972-1980)

Harvard Medical School Mental Health Newsletter (1983-1988)

Journal of African American Male Studies (1991)

Nurture: The Magazine for Raising Positive Children of Color (1994)

Awards and honors

Doctor of Humane Letters, Virginia State University, Petersburg, MA (2007)

Doctor of Humane Letters, Alfred University, Alfred, New York (2005)

New England Emmy award for Outstanding Children's Special as co-executive producer of Willoughby's Wonders (1997)

Medgar Evers Medal of Honor, Johnson Publishing Company (1988)

John Jay Award for distinguished professional achievement (1987)

American Black Achievement Award in Business and the Professions (1986)

Honorary degree from Wilberforce University (1972)

Who's Who in America (1969)

Michael Schwerner Award for contribution to Cause of Civil Rights, New York, NY (1968)

#05/15

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yasbxxgie · 5 years ago

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Surviving ‘stressful process’ of being black male African-American men quietly combat negative stereotypes about them

Keith Borders tries hard not to scare people. He’s 6-foot-7, a garrulous lawyer who talks with his hands. And he’s black.

Many people find him threatening. He works hard to prove otherwise.

“I have a very keen sense of my size and how I communicate,” says Borders of Mason, Ohio. “I end up putting my hands in my pockets or behind me. I stand with my feet closer together. With my feet spread out, it looks like I’m taking a stance. And I use a softer voice.”

Every day, African-American men consciously work to offset stereotypes about them — that they are dangerous, aggressive, angry. Some smile a lot, dress conservatively and speak with deference: “Yes, sir,” or “No, ma’am.” They are mindful of their bodies, careful not to dart into closing elevators or stand too close in grocery stores.

It’s all about surviving, and trying to thrive, in a nation where biased views of black men stubbornly hang on decades after segregation and where statistics show a yawning gap between the lives of white men and black men. Black men’s median wages are barely three-fourths those of whites; nearly 1 in 3 black men will spend time behind bars during his life; and, on average, black men die six years earlier than whites.

Sure, everyone has ways of coping with other people’s perceptions: Who acts the same at work as they do with their kids, or their high school friends?

But for black men, there’s more at stake. If they don’t carefully calculate how to handle everyday situations — in ways that usually go unnoticed — they can end up out of a job, in jail or dead.

“It’s a stressful process,” Borders says.

Melissa Harris Lacewell, a political scientist at the University of Chicago, says it's at the heart of being a black American male.

“Black mothers and fathers socialize their sons to not make waves, to not come up against the authorities, to speak even more politely not only when there are whites present but particularly if there are whites who have power,” she said.

Chess in the real world

“Most black men are able shift from a sort of relaxed, authentically black pose into a respectable black man pose. Either they develop the dexterity to move back and forth, or ultimately they flounder.”

It’s a lot like a game of chess, says 43-year-old Chester Williams, who owns Chester Electric in New Orleans. He has taught his three sons, ages 16, 14 and 11, to play.

“The rules of the game are universal: White moves first, then black moves,” he said. “Black has to respond to the moves that the whites make. You take the advantage when it’s available.”

Twenty-year-old Chauncy Medder of Brooklyn says his baggy jeans and oversized T-shirts make him seem like “another one of those thuggish black kids.” He offsets that with “Southern charm” he learned attending high school in Virginia — “a lot of ’Yes, ma’ams,’ and as little slang as possible. When I speak to them (whites), they’re like, ’Hey, you’re different.”’

Such skillful little changes in style aren’t talked about much, especially not outside of black households — there’s no reason to tip your hand. As Walter White, a black sales executive from Cincinnati puts it: “Not talking is a way to get what you want.”

Coping strategies

He recalled that, “as a child, we all sat down with my mother and father and watched the movie ’Roots,”’ the groundbreaking 1970s television miniseries tracing a black family from Africa through slavery and into modern times.

The slaves were quietly obedient around whites. “But as soon as the master was gone,” he said, “they did what they really wanted to do. That’s what we were taught.”

Historians agree that black stereotypes and coping strategies are rooted America’s history of slavery and segregation.

Jay Carrington Chunn’s mother taught him “how to read ’Whites Only’ and ’Negro Only’ before she taught me anything else,” said the 63-year-old, who grew up in Atlanta. “Black parents taught you how to react when police stopped you, how to respond to certain problems, how to act in school to get the best grade.”

School is still a challenge, even from an early age.

Last year, Yale University research on public school pre-kindergarten programs in 40 states found that blacks were expelled twice as often as whites — and nine out of 10 blacks expelled were boys. The report did not analyze the patterns, but some trace it to negative views about black boys.

Perception: Young males = public enemies

Black male children are often “labeled in public schools as being out of control,” said Lacewell, who studies black political culture and wrote “Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought.”

“If you’re a black boy who is smart and energetic and always has the answer and throws his hand up in the air,” she said, “you might as a parent say, ’Even if you know the answer you might not want to make a spectacle of yourself. You don’t want to call attention to yourself.”’

Bill Fletcher still has nightmares about his third-grade teacher, a white woman who “treated me and other black students as if we were idiots,” he said. “She destroyed my confidence.”

But his parents were strong advocates, and taught him to cope by having little contact with teachers who didn’t take an interest in him, said Fletcher, former president of TransAfrica Forum, a group that builds ties between African-Americans and Africa.

As black boys become adolescents, the dangers escalate. Like most teenagers, they battle raging hormones and identity crises. Many rebel, trying to fit in by mimicking — and sometimes becoming — criminals.

“They are basically seen as public menaces,” Lacewell said.

Counting the casualties

Rasheed Smith, 22, a soft-spoken, aspiring hip-hop lyricist from the Bedford Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, recently tapped his long fingers, morosely counting his friends killed in neighborhood violence in the last five years — 11 in all. Few spent much time beyond their blocks, let alone their neighborhood. Some sold drugs or got in other trouble and had near-constant contact with police.

Smith has survived by staying close to his family. He advised: “With police, you talk to them the way they talk to you. You get treated how you act.”

Twenty years ago, Carol Taylor’s teenage son — now a lawyer — was mugged twice near their Brooklyn home, but police officers “treated him like he had done the mugging,” she said. She wrote and self-published “The Little Black Book: Survival Commandments for Black Men” filled with tips on how to deal with police: keep your hands visible, carry a camera, don’t say much but be polite.

“Don’t take this as a time to prove your manhood,” wrote Taylor, a retired nurse and community activist who said she’s sold thousands of the pocket-sized, $2 books.

And more general advice: “Learn to read, write and type, and to speak English correctly. This is survival, not wishful thinking. If you are going to survive in America, go to college!”

One selective business program at historically black Hampton University in Virginia directs black men to wear dark, conservative suits to class. Earrings and dreadlocked hairstyles are forbidden. Their appearance is “communicating a signal that says you can go into more places,” said business school dean Sid Credle. “There’s more universal acceptance if you’re conservative in your image and dress style.”

Corporate communications

One graphic artist says he wears a suit when traveling, “even if it’s on a weekend. I think it helps. It requests respect.”

But in the corporate world, clothing can only help so much, said Janet B. Reid of Global Lead Management Consulting, who advises companies on managing ethnic diversity.

Black men, especially those who look physically imposing, often have a tough time.

“Someone who is tall and muscular will learn to come into a meeting and sit down quickly,” she said. “They’re trying to lower the big barrier of resistance, one that’s fear-based and born of stereotypes.”

Having darker brown skin can erect another barrier. Mark Ferguson has worked on Wall Street for 20 years. He has an easy smile and firm, confident handshake.

“I think I clean up pretty well — I dress well, I speak well — but all that goes out the window when I show up at a meeting full of white men,” says Ferguson of New Jersey, who is 6-foot-4 and dark-skinned. “It’s because they’re afraid of me.”

“Race always matters,” said Ferguson, whose Day in the Life Foundation connects minority teenagers with professionals. “It’s always in play.”

The smile factor

Fletcher knows his light brown skin gives him an advantage — except that he’s “unsmiling.”

“If you’re a black man who doesn’t smile a lot, they (whites) get really nervous,” he said. “There are black people I run across all the time and they’re always smiling particularly when they’re around white people. A lot of white people find that very comforting.”

All this takes a toll.

Many black men say the daily maneuvering leaves them enraged and exhausted. For decades, they continuously self-analyze and shift, subtly dampening their personalities. In the end, even the best strategies don’t always work.

“I’ve seen it play out many times” in corporations, said Reid of Global Lead. “They go from depression to corporate suicide. Marital problems can come up. He loses all self-confidence and the ability to feel manly and in control of his own fate.”

Sherman James, a social psychologist at Duke University, studies how the stress of coping for black men can damage the circulatory system and lead to chronic poor health. Black men are 20 percent more likely to die of heart disease than whites, and they have the highest rates of hypertension in the world, according to the National Medical Association.

What doesn't kill makes you stronger

The flip side, black men say, is that many learn to be resilient. Ferguson recalls when a new Wall Street colleague, minutes after meeting him and hearing he grew up in a housing project in Newark, N.J., asked if he had been involved in “any illicit activities” there. He shrugged it off.

Over the years, as he has earned promotions and built client relationships over the phone, he has learned to steel himself for face-to-face meetings — for clients’ raised eyebrows and stuttered greetings when they see he is black.

“It just rolls off our backs — we grin and bear it. You can’t quit,” he said, sighing heavily. He vents his frustrations to mentors and relaxes with his wife and young children.

“Then you go back,” he said, “and fight the good fight.”

Photographs

Rasheed Smith, 22, pauses in a talk about his life during a visit to a cafe in the Bedford Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, N.Y. Smith, the son of immigrants from the Caribbean island of Barbados, has survived life in the tough neighborhood by staying close to his family

Karrym Ferguson, a 10th grader at Central High School in Newark, N.J., listens to Mark Ferguson during his June 13 visit to the school. Ferguson, a Wall Street financier who grew up in Newark and attended the same school, established the Day in the Life Foundation to help students succeed

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