#Isinglass

[brewscoop]

Attention beer lovers! 🍺 Are you on a quest for animal-free brewing options? Dive into our Vegan Beer Guide for all the insights you need! Discover how traditional brewing is evolving and find your next favorite vegan beer. Raise your glasses to making compassionate choices without compromising on taste. Cheers to discovering your new go-to vegan beer! 🌿 #VeganBeer #AnimalFreeBrewing #CraftBeerRevolution

[realbacchus]

Do people know that most wine isn't vegan? I feel like that's not common knowledge...

[kiranadhavmarketstudy]

Isinglass Market Share, Growth by Top Company, Region, Applications, Drivers, Trends & Forecast to 2028

The research reports provide deep insights into the global market revenue, market trends, macro-economic indicators, and governing factors, along with market attractiveness per market segment. The report provides an overview of the growth rate of   Isinglass  market during the forecast period, i.e., 2022–2030. The report, most importantly, identifies the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies. The research segments the market on the basis of product type, application type, technology type, and region. To offer more clarity regarding the industry, the report takes a closer look at the current status of various factors, including but not limited to supply chain management, distribution Trade, channels, supply and demand, and production capability differ across countries.

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 Isinglass  Market Company Profiles Analysis:

Angel Brand

  Eaton

  ESSECO srl

  Kerry Ingredients and Flavors

  LALLEMAND Inc. (AB Vickers Ltd.)

  Murphy & Son Limited

  The Beerblefish Brewing Company Ltd.

  The Boudicca Brewing Company

  Angel Brand

Note – The Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is impacting society and the overall economy across the world. The impact of this pandemic is growing day by day as well as affecting the supply chain. The COVID-19 crisis is creating uncertainty in the stock market, massive slowing of supply chain, falling business confidence, and increasing panic among the customer segments. The overall effect of the pandemic is impacting the production process of several industries. This report on ‘ Isinglass  Market’ provides the analysis on impact on Covid-19 on various business segments and country markets. The reports also showcase market trends and forecast to 2030, factoring the impact of Covid -19 Situation.

Market Segmentation:

Isinglass Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Form (Liquid, Paste, Powder); Application (Beverages, Confectionery Products, Dessert Products, Others); End User (Brewery Industry, Food Processing Industry) Global Industry Insights, Trends, and Forecast, 2021-2028.

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Regional Framework

The report provides a detailed overview of the industry including both qualitative and quantitative information. It provides an overview and forecast of the global  Isinglass  Market based on various segments. It also provides market size and forecast estimates from the year 2022 to 2028 with respect to five major regions. The  Isinglass  Market by each region is later sub-segmented by respective countries and segments. The report covers the analysis and forecast of 18 countries globally along with the current trend and opportunities prevailing in the region.

Promising Regions & Countries Mentioned in The  Isinglass  Market Report:

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

Latin America

The Middle East & Africa

Major Features of  Isinglass  Market Report:

Save and reduce time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the growth, size, leading players and segments in the global  Isinglass  market.

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Scrutinize in-depth global market trends and outlook coupled with the factors driving the market, as well as those hindering it.

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[layawayh2o]

Digital art and the Sketch (◕ᴗ◕✿)

Transcripts below

Toitsuka reita: So there was this hot chick and blah blah blah

Aiura mikoto: Kusuo~ why don't we all go to the store and find some new clothes, and blah blah blah

Akechi touma: Recipes for coffee jelly appear in cookbooks published in England as early as 1817. The earliest recipes call for coffee to be mixed with calves' foot jelly and sometimes call for isinglass or other clarifiers. After the introduction of packaged gelatin, most recipes call for the gelatin to be dissolved in the hot coffee and then molded.

In the early 20th century coffee jelly was promoted as a healthier alternative to hot coffee, as it was thought the gelatin would absorb excess acid in the stomach.

Jell-O launched a short lived coffee gelatin mix in 1918, but the dessert never gained widespread popularity outside of New England. Today, coffee jelly may still be found in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and other New England states. Durgin-Park restaurant in Boston, which opened in 1827, still offered coffee gelatin made with leftover coffee from the previous day as of 2016 blah blah blah

[strangeite]

[ID: First image: classical Chinese painting of a village at the foot of a mountain. Overlaid text: "In Spring, Man built a pillar. In Summer, another. Throughout Autumn they held. But in Winter, one fell."

Second image: excerpt from an Undertale fan comic. Papyrus is squinting, holding up fingers to count while pointing at something offscreen. In the next panel he is glaring with a laser-focused rage, his eyeballs bulging out of their sockets as he finally gets the joke. /end ID]

[iamthemaestro]

tagged by @macaroniyankee to do a poll so you know I had to get hyperspecific….

no-pressure tagging @hartshorn-and-isinglass @chaotic-history @ganymedian @goatbat and anyone who feels so inclined!

[toskarin]

[adventure game protagonist voice] isinglass.. a special fish glue can be made from this

[burningvelvet]

tagged by @glitterfop thanks!

“Rules: Make a poll with five of your all-time favourite characters and then tag five people to do the same. See which character is everyone's favourite!”

btw i don't really have a top 5 of "all-time" bc my hyperfixations change and rotate sooo 3 of these are from the past year alone but as a child i really did love sparrow & hook. & i'm only putting my favorite trash men here because if i put any single female character up against these clowns i know she would get all the votes by default

i tag @byronfucks @rock-n-rollin-bitch @bethanydelleman @hartshorn-and-isinglass @eva-eyre

[acrossthewavesoftime]

Well, there are predictions.

Normally I'd rather not hear about the English royals but this is the kind of extremely funny tea you read about a royal dynasty in the history books right before they get usurped by another claimant to the throne or obliterated in a revolution so I just feel like we're all pre-gaming for whatever comes next.

[katy-books]

Vegetarians/vegans out there how do you deal with discovering you've been eating non veggie/vegan things by accident?

Things like sugar processed with bones, isinglass in beer, animal-based rennet in some cheeses and gelatin in pretty much everything from chocolate moose to cereal.

Sometimes it's when cafes and take aways have made the mistake and put a 'V' or 'Ve' next to a sandwich or pizza with non veggie cheese or a cake with bone treated sugar. Surely I'm not the only one this has happened to.

*edit*

Apparently the bone char in flour is a myth but it still counts for sugar so I changed it to avoid confusion.

It's taken a few days to get past discovering my favourite pizza was mislabelled by a take away, and I've been accidentally eating non vegetarian cheese. Discovering that animal based rennet is from veal just made it worse and even my mum (who still eats meat) is traumatised by what she's been eating and will only eat vegetarian cheese from now on. Most cheese here in the UK seems to be vegetarian so in the supermarkets it's easy enough. In the 1980s my mum told a colleague at a work dinner that if he ordered the veal she wouldn't sit next to him and I don't think I've ever seen it on a menu. It's not something that's common to see in the UK anymore so it was a pretty big shock for us both. It's left me highly suspicious of any take out food.

Probably hasn't helped that I'm isolating with covid and I can't have a hug.

[annalandin]

death is stronger than all proud men Seren Isinglass and the thread of life. cw blood Progress shots, description of character and more talk about the art/design decisions that went into this piece here.

[acrossthewavesoftime]

Yes, exactly. Where is my series from the perspective of Mary Baddeley, a teenage runaway bride of the Anglo-Irish gentry who followed her husband into the army, to America, there became the victim of a sexual harrassment scandal at the hands of an officer in her husband's regiment, which through a few lucky twists and turns in an all around bad situation, led her to work as General Henry Clinton's housekeeper, who then fell in love with her but didn't act on it as he respected her rather distanced conduct towards him, and really wanted to take care of her and her unborn child regardless of his unreciprocated feelings until his orders separated them as she was too pregnant to travel with him to the Carolinas, so they didn't see each other for a year until Mary Baddeley was back at his doorstep in New York 18 months later asking to work for him again, which was not a happy reunion because she had become empoverished, ill and been in a shipwreck in the meantime so Clinton took her and her toddler in, when Baddeley finally started reciprocating his feelings, and they embarked upon a relationship whose speed she controlled, ending with them having several kids, raising her son from her marriage and moving to London together after the war?

And have I mentioned she was in full control over, and managing, Clinton's finances? And how Clinton thought he accidentally killed Baddeley's husband?

WHY IS THERE LIKE NO SHOWS OR MOVIES ON THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION LIKE ALL WE GET IS TURN, 1776, HAMILTON AND LIBERTY'S KIDS???

[shadows-of-almsivi]

Mory, the notebooks you write in, do you bind them yourself? Or do you know of a good bookbinder who does? And which materials are your favorite? uwu

I do indeed bind my own journals, yes, when I've the time and materials available. It's a wonderfully meditative craft, one that was taught to me young; the Temple in Balmora never had any shortage of books needing rebinding or pilgrim's handbooks needing assembly. To this day the motions are all deep muscle-memory to me. I can't imagine how many thousands of pages my hands have laid and stitched and cut over the years...

On Vvardenfell, the tradition was to 'bind like with like'; a tome on Telvanni architecture might have its covers bound in preserved mycelium, for example. This tradition extended to the binding of holy scripture, though in a more metaphorical manner, spawning endless ecumenical debate...

Some argued that Truth was most often symbolized by water, and thus the skins and resins of dreugh ought to be used to honor the sacred truth within such writings. Others, more pedantic than I, pointed out that the sea's waters were under the purview of Sotha Sil, and that therefore fish glues like isinglass should only be used to bind books of Lord Seht's influence and studies, suggesting that the skins of cliffracers be used for the writings of Vivec so as to honor the Lord of the Middle Air. And then would come the bickering over whether utilizing such winged vermin would be a profaning insult, and perhaps some sniping over just what Mardyn suggested we glue these Homilies Of Blessed Almalexia together with if he was so smart, and some barbs about milking starlight into gluepots would get slung at Mardyn until he shut up and finished those binding boards...

The intellectual rigors of academic theology.

In Cyrodiil, when gold was plentiful, I would send for fine Nordic isinglass for my bookbinding, made from great sturgeons native to Skyrim's White River. Now, finding myself in Skyrim by the very banks of the White, I may buy the same isinglass for a pittance, but I dare not. You see, Nordic isinglass is the finest glue for bookbinding... Unless it freezes, whereupon it cracks and becomes hopelessly brittle. Look here, my journal is like a willow in Sun's Dusk: one hard frost, and the leaves start falling. I'll have to make another soon...

Hmm. Bookbinders, bookbinders... Now that's a difficult thing to answer. Here, I've only a few persons I would trust, none of them bookbinders. These are times of war, and it is child's play for any paid-off stationery clerk with an enchanter's kit to lace those cheap journals with hidden dictation enchantments for the purposes of spycraft. If you would keep your writings private, dear, it pays to remember this. All sides pay well for information.

(It's been years since I've seen any amulets or rings bearing useful enchantment-detecting properties, and even then they were perilously expensive. Don't despair, however, for a book may only be enchanted once, which can be turned to your advantage. For but a little gold (or a few rats, if you fill your own soul gems), you may have some small enchantment placed upon your new journal by any local artificer. Something cheap and inconsequential. Muffle, perhaps. It doesn't matter. If the enchantment takes, then no further enchantments may be placed upon it, and you can rest easy knowing that no spies have tainted it. If it doesn't, then you will know to burn that book immediately, or fill it with vulgar invective and waste some shadowy investigator's time.)

As for my favourite materials, oh... Fawn skin, I think, for the cover, tanned in alder-leaf and Pelletine sumach liquor in an iron pot for a year, and dressed with oil rendered from a young female badger (be wary not to get cheaper badger oil rendered from the old boars, the stench is terrible). The leather's color becomes like that of gathering storm clouds, quite beautiful. Brass for the cornerplates, engraved if I can get it. Linen laceweaver's line for the thread, of course, at least three-stranded but still quite fine, or else the spine will bulk out too far.

As for the paper, I've never had anything quite as pleasurable to write and sketch upon as this kind I found in a Khajiiti trader's stall; made from well-worn cotton rags, torn up by their children's little claws and beaten into fine little wisps, mixed in with flaxen scraps. You wouldn't imagine such fine and smooth paper could be moulded from old rags and thread-ends, but for my money there is no finer. I'd happily pass up nobleman's vellum for this, it cradles the ink so generously and never bleeds at all.

[herenortherenearnorfar]

For @silver-grasp Celebrimbor through two ages with kittens with some slightly heavy discussions (warning for discussed animal death and rather utilitarian preindustrial elven ethics)

He finds his cousin amid the goats, on the verge of tears.

Celebrimbor expected the tears, given the… situation. The goats are a bit of a surprise. So is the milk pail at her feet.

“Finellach?” he cringes, as he remembers who else called her that name.

“Oh, cousin. I didn’t expect you here.” She sniffles. “I don’t suppose you know how to milk a goat?”

It’s not something that has come up before in Celebrimbor’s education, no. But he’s willing to give it his game best.

It turns out his best isn’t good enough. The goat kicks and Finduilas criticizes.

“No, Uncle Finrod said you have to pull down—“ the tears are starting up again. He’s beginning to sense the shape of their predicament, well, this sub-predicament. The main one is obvious.

“I’ll hold it and you milk?” he offers.

The goat is uncooperative (this cannot be an ideal experience for it) and neither of them have much experience. After much sweat and some more tears, they get a decent pail of milk. Retreating from the goats, Celebrimbor finally dares ask:

“Why?”

Finduilas’ lip wobbles imperceptibly. Then, like a princess, she finds her center. “I need to make milk for the kittens. Uncle Finrod was helping me but…”

“He left very suddenly,” Celebrimbor agrees. If he’s lucky she won’t bring up why he left. The scene in the hall—father and Celegorm accusative, Finrod’s pale rage, Orodreth shaking— still haunts him.

“With no mind to who he was leaving! To who needed him! I barely know how to make the special food they need and without it they’ll starve and he didn’t even stop to say goodbye.” Even in the dim light of the goat caves, set high in Nargothrond’s slopes, her hair gleams. It sets her face aglow, makes her look like Finrod in the depths of grief.

Celebrimbor has been apologizing a lot recently, without really specifying what he’s apologizing for. Even he’s not sure—half the time it feels like no one did anything wrong. But once more can’t hurt. “I’m sorry. I—why are there kittens?”

“One of the mousing cats threw a litter she was too young to keep and I couldn’t find a foster queen. Finrod said I could rear them, they’d just need to be fed every two hours.” That explains her conspicuous absence from court these past few weeks. She gives him a despairing look. “I don’t suppose you know anything about kittens?”

“No. I can’t ask the hunt either, they frown on nursing newborns—something about the way of the wild. Father used to rear up some of his puppies and Celegorm mocked him dearly for it. I’d ask him, however…”

“They have so much to do these days,” Finduilas says venomously, swinging the milk pail so sharply Celebrimbor worries for its precious won contents. “Such speeches to make.”

“I can help you though,” he offers, before her mood turns further. “What else do we need to do?”

After ten days spent tiptoeing around everyone, for fear they’d look at him and see a their own fears or desires, his cousin’s easy company is a balm. She looks at him with relief, but no expectations.

“We need eggs, a smidge of olive oil, and jellied fish from the stores. Only the jelly goes in so I hope you’re ready for fish.”

On the way down to the dimmer depths where the hens pick for bugs, he learns how old the kittens are (fourteen days and wobbly), how many there are (five so the milk is going fast), and their coloration (two grey and three tabby).

Three eggs in hand, they nip by the storage rooms and find them in disarray. The political shifts in Nargothrond make it easy to steal a whole set of clear isinglass jelly intended for feasts.

“I have some leftover milk in an icebox,” Finduilas frets, “But there’s one last ingredient. I’m not sure how to get it.”

“Do tell.”

“Uncle—Finrod had a little blue crystal glass of water from Valinor. He’d put a drop in each batch. I’m not sure where the glass is now, or how to get to it.”

Celebrimbor considers, then considers again. He will not be called overhasty to speak. “It must be in his rooms,” he says. “And I can get to those. Leave it to me.”

Hands full, she leans forward and pecks his cheek. It feels warm, comforting. He remembers childish kisses from Idril when they were small, in the thin peace before all scattered to their own kingdoms. He worried that being of such a sparse generation he’d outgrown the friendship of cousins.

Were she not engaged he might love her for it. As it is, he only pines a little.

Slipping into Finrod’s old rooms is easy. His father’s man is at the door and his uncle’s voice is loudly declaiming, making some passionate argument about love. He ghosts in almost unnoticed (except by Huan, lying at the fire) and begins to rifle through the cabinet of treasures furthest from the wall. He thinks he remembers a blue faceted blue glass from previous, carefully chaperoned visits to Uncle Finrod’s treasure trove.

Just as his hand closes over it, Celegorm starts to reach his point.

“The princess doesn’t know what she wants,” he says, and Celebrimbor freezes.

From the deep, kingly chair near the desk, Father scoffs. “Doriath will not agree with you.”

Finduilas is kin to King Thingol, however distantly. If he runs now, it will look suspicious. But quicker is better, away from Father’s men, to Gwindor or one of the other young sprouts she holds sway with. Someone who can spirit her out—away.

Perhaps it’s not so bad. They might have her best interests at heart. She is family, after all.

“She is green—“ Celegorm wheedles, while Celebrimbor compares escape routes, contemplates throwing himself at his father’s feet.

Curufin scoffs. “Princess Lúthien is older than you are—older than Maitimo—and her mother’s people are older than any who walk this world. I do not think we will get far on that claim.”

Every muscle in Celebrimbor’s body relaxes a fraction. Tucking the blue glass into his palm, he begins to sidle out, only to be stopped by a sharp bark from Huan.

Celegorm folds his arms. “Where do you think you’re going, young man?”

Father murmurs a general agreement. He seems distracted by the vellum in front of him, the fine ink waiting to be used.

“The kitchen wanted one of the rare tonics Finrod kept in his own personal store, for a particular medicinal broth.” He’s shocked how quickly the lies come to his own tongue.

Curufin still doesn’t lift his eyes from the blank, waiting paper. “Hmm. And you’ll make sure it’s returned when they’re done?”

“Of course, father.”

This earns him a flick of eye contact, a brief smile. “That’s a good boy. Now go, we have business to do.��

He’s not a boy, he’s a lord grown. Finduilas is a third his age and ready to be married. But at times like these he’s happy to be left out of the business his elders get up to.

He flees, clutching the precious bottle tight to his chest. Down the stairs, through the halls, to Finduilas’ well appointed little suite. A set of rooms fit for a princess, with a hidden window out onto the river and a fresco of the Awakening at Lake Cuiviénen.

In a middle hallway, hanging like a late morning fog, he finds Orodreth. His listlessness seemsto sharpen for a moment. “Curufinwion. Your quarters are not this direction.”

Very little is this direction, except sleeping rooms and the odd garden. Besides, he cannot bring himself to lie to Orodreth, who looks so hammered thin, like gold foil where once he was solid gold. “I’m helping Finduilas with the kittens,” he says, bracing for rage. Instead he just gets a queer smile.

“You’re a sweet boy, Curufinwion— I worry it will only hurt you.” Orodreth pauses, as if he has something else to say, then simply adds, “On you go.”

He rushes on.

“It’s unlocked!” Finduilas calls when he knocks. He finds her sitting in a corner where the tiled flooring is very close to the heating strung between Nargothrond’s layers. A cave system within a cave system of elaborate pipes, tubes, and interstitial spaces, pumper variously full of hot water or hot air. Because of the slight unevenness to their natural floors, some spots can get hotter than others. It’s better to wear shoes when walking, even on clear ground.

On the edge of the hot spot, is a fleece lined box full of squirming kittens. A few more adventurous ones are trying to climb out of their container, but wobbly as they are they quickly topple. The rest are content to nap or complain. In the middle, Finduilas is slowly hearing the last of Finrod’s final batch of kitten food, while in her lap she prepares the new, makeshift formula.

He watches her hum the moisture out of the milk, slightly transfixed by the effortless songweaving. He knows how to throw power into an act or an object, how to coerce steel to crystallize coherently or coax a gem into being. Those are wordless incantations. The greatest power of all is in the voice. Did the people not name themselves Quendi—the speakers?

Celebrimbor has always been slow to speak, hesitant to sing. Someday, he’s sure he’ll find his voice but until then can only watch the simplest of knowings in awe.

When she finishes, the milk is thicker, soupy.

“Separate out the eggs,” she directs. “We only need the yolk.”

He juggles the egg between shells, pulling out the yolk. At a loss for what to do with the whites, he swallows them down, the way he’s seen Celegorm do before, and relishesFinduilas’ disgusted giggle. It’s worth the slimy sensation as they go down his throat.

On they go, mixing new milk as the old slowly heats. After Celebrimbor adds the final touch, a drop of Valinorean clarity, Finduilas declares it ready for a switch.

“If we both nurse a kitten at once it’ll go faster,” she says. Patiently, she demonstrates how she feeds them, a tiny spoon with a tube down the handle, a rag tip dipped in the goo.

The little tabby feels even smaller in his lap. It’s barely palmsized, shaky on its legs, with two tiny teeth beginning to poke out of its pink gums.

“Every two hours,” he marvels.

Finduilas nods. “It’s what they need.”

“Isn’t this going a bit far? They can’t survive on their own and you’re marshalling all the resources of a kingdom to help them. In nature they’d be dead.” It feels cruel to say with the kitten sucking at his fingertip, but it’s true. It’s forbidden to kill a mother bear in her den but when a nursing dam is killed by accident, Celegorm always marshals his riders to hunt down the cubs. Better an arrow than starvation, he’d say.

“Well, we’re not nature, are we?” Finduilas can’t gesture much with her hands full of kitten but the way she’s using her eyebrows suggests she wants to. “Look at us, in our city with our fine clothes—“

“Well, we made that—“

“Insulating ourselves from nature. Setting ourselves above it, denying the Valar who made it, marking ourselves the masters of it. A master must do charity, in my opinion.” She argues like a politician, like Celegorm, like Finrod.

“They’re cats,” Celebrimbor protests weakly.

“City cats, dependent on us. Grown fat on the pests of our store rooms. They protect us so we must protect them.” Distracted by debate, she’s let up the rhythm of feeding. The kitten screams in protest. “Yes, yes. Spoiled little orcling!”

“They’re lovely kittens,” Celebrimbor says, “I’m just not sure of the economics of it.”

She rolls her eyes. “Well, I won’t go rescuing every orphaned badger in the woods. It’d be too much for me to handle. But once in a while I like to be uselessly kind.”

Too sweet for your own good, Celebrimbor thinks, remembering Orodreth’s pronouncement. Ah, well, at least they’re doomed together.

Celebrían finds him in his study, feeding the runt of the litter. At just five days old,it demands food nearly constantly. Celebrimbor has set up its box with a hot water bottle desk side and settled in for a few weeks of paperwork. Luckily Narvi isn’t here to see how the great craftsmen of the Eldar are defeated by a baby the weight of a plum.

As he nurses the mewling, legs splayed newborn, he hums a little song for strengthening. It may not be enough to overcome what the little one has stacked against it, a low birth weight, maternal rejection, poor digestion. But it can’t hurt.

Celebrían bursts in without so much as a warning. “‘Lo, Uncle— what is that?”

“A kitten, I thought you knew enough to realize that.”

She scowls at him. “But why is it here?”

“I’m feeding it. Its mother wouldn’t and someone has to step in.”

“It’s sick, Uncle,” she explains, as if to a child. “It can’t survive.”

“It can if somebody helps it.”

The idea seems to baffle her.

“They’re cats, they only live a dozen years. You’re not saving it for long.”

There’s an unspoken reason that elves tend to favor pedigrees rather than pets. You stop getting attached the same way after six or seven generations. Some of his friends have had excellent luck with great turtles, or talking birds from Valinor via Westernesse, but Celebrimbor has always had a simple heart.

“I’m sure that dozen years will be very fulfilling.”

“You’re not even sure you can save it,” she accuses, more confounded than angry.

He could give her a long speech, a great oration. With teenagers sometimes simple is better. “No, but I’d like to try.”

“It must be hard.”

“Very much so,” he dips his syringe back in the warm milk and takes another pull. The formula, made how Finduilas taught him so many years ago (with a few exclusions, Valinorean water is impossible to find these days), is soupy and requires extra pressure “I’m getting less sleep than usual and you know that’s a feat.”

Celebrían creeps closer, curious despite her youthful pessimism. “I don’t understand.”

The kitten’s belly is starting to distend, it licks its jaws between sips more often now. Soon it will be drifting off to sleep, ready to return to its warm paradise in the box. He’s lined it with soft blankets and added some walnut-shell weighted bags that hold heat well.

“A cousin of ours taught me that we must practice what separates us from beasts and monsters. Even if it sometimes means being tender hearted .” Truth be told, he doesn’t even notice the softness these days. It means he’s well in practice.

It’s an exercise in hubris as well as altruism. How bold to think he can single-handedly save a creature so fragile! Bones like splinters, skin like tissue, he’s handling a creation more delicate than any gem. But he’s done it before, under far less ideal conditions. There was an orphaned bird when Elrond was a youth, amid the shaking husk of Beleriand. A baby bat when he dwelt among the dwarves, he’d had to be careful with that one for fear of the beast-madness dwarven lore warned about. And there are always surplus kittens in the world.

You should not try to save the world if you cannot save a single corner of it.

Like she’s peeking at a dead body, Celebrían peers over his arm at the kitten. “It’s so little,” she marvels, not dismissive now, but fond.

“Would you like to hold it?” he offers, and can’t resist teasing. “It’s about time for it to defecate.”

Her mother’s daughter, Celebrían doesn’t even blink. “Can I?”

As he settles her with the round, happy kitten and a warm cloth, he wonders if she too will someday look back on this as a youth lost. The world is full of tragedies, a whirlwind of lost cities, lost cousins, and lost kittens. Here they sit, cupped hands full of yawning baby, holding back a storm

[devoted1989]

A list of animal ingredients and their alternatives helps consumers avoid animal ingredients in food, cosmetics, and other products.

By the Nazarene Way.

There are thousands of technical and patented names for ingredient variations. Furthermore, many ingredients known by one name can be of animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin. If you have a question regarding an ingredient in a product, call the manufacturer. Good sources of additional information are the Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients, the Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives, or an unabridged dictionary. All of these are available at most libraries.

Adding to the confusion over whether or not an ingredient is of animal origin is the fact that many companies have removed the word "animal" from their ingredient labels to avoid putting off consumers. For example, rather than use the term "hydrolyzed animal protein," companies may use another term such as "hydrolyzed collagen." Simple for them, but frustrating for the caring consumer.

Animal ingredients are used not because they are better than vegetable-derived or synthetic ingredients but rather because they are generally cheaper. Today's slaughterhouses must dispose of the byproducts of the slaughter of billions of animals every year and have found an easy and profitable solution in selling them to food and cosmetics manufacturers.

Animal ingredients come from every industry that uses animals: meat, fur, wool, dairy, egg, and fishing, as well as industries such as horse racing and rodeo, which send unwanted animals to slaughter.

Rendering plants process the bodies of millions of tons of dead animals every year, transforming decaying flesh and bones into profitable animal ingredients. The primary source of rendered animals is slaughterhouses, which provide the "inedible" parts of all animals killed for food. The bodies of companion animals who are euthanized in animal shelters wind up at rendering plants, too. One small plant in Quebec renders 10 tons of dogs and cats a week, a sobering reminder of the horrible dog and cat overpopulation problem with which shelters must cope.

Some animal ingredients do not wind up in the final product but are used in the manufacturing process. For example, in the production of some refined sugars, bone char is used to whiten the sugar; in some wines and beers, isinglass (from the swim bladders of fish) is used as a "clearing" agent.

Kosher symbols and markings also add to the confusion and are not reliable indicators on which vegans or vegetarians should base their purchasing decisions. This issue is complex, but the "K" or "Kosher" symbols basically mean that the food manufacturing process was overseen by a rabbi, who theoretically ensures that it meets Hebrew dietary laws. The food also may not contain both dairy products and meat, but it may contain one or the other. "P" or "Parve" means the product contains no meat or dairy products but may contain fish or eggs. "D," as in "Kosher D," means that the product either contains dairy or was made with dairy machinery. For example, a chocolate and peanut candy may be marked "Kosher D" even if it doesn't contain dairy because the non-dairy chocolate was manufactured on machinery that also made milk chocolate. For questions regarding other symbols, please contact the Orthodox Union (212-563-4000) or other Jewish organizations or publications.

Thousands of products on store shelves have labels that are hard to decipher. It's nearly impossible to be perfectly vegan, but it's getting easier to avoid products with animal ingredients. Our list will give you a good working knowledge of the most common animal-derived ingredients and their alternatives, allowing you to make deci-sions that will save animals' lives.

Adrenaline. Hormone from adrenal glands of hogs, cattle, and sheep. In medicine. Alternatives: synthetics.

Alanine. (See Amino Acids.)

Albumen. In eggs, milk, muscles, blood, and many vegetable tissues and fluids. In cosmetics, albumen is usually derived from egg whites and used as a coagulating agent. May cause allergic reaction. In cakes, cookies, candies, etc. Egg whites sometimes used in "clearing" wines. Derivative: Albumin.

Albumin. (See Albumen.)

Alcloxa. (See Allantoin.)

Aldioxa. (See Allantoin.)

Aliphatic Alcohol. (See Lanolin and Vitamin A.)

Allantoin. Uric acid from cows, most mammals. Also in many plants (especially comfrey). In cosmetics (especially creams and lotions) and used in treatment of wounds and ulcers. Derivatives: Alcloxa, Aldioxa. Alternatives: extract of comfrey root, synthetics.

Alligator Skin. (See Leather.)

Alpha-Hydroxy Acids. Any one of several acids used as an exfoliant and in anti-wrinkle products. Lactic acid may be animal-derived (see Lactic Acid). Alternatives: glycolic acid, citric acid, and salicylic acid are plant- or fruit-derived.

Ambergris. From whale intestines. Used as a fixative in making perfumes and as a flavoring in foods and beverages. Alternatives: synthetic or vegetable fixatives.

Amino Acids. The building blocks of protein in all animals and plants. In cosmetics, vitamins, supplements, shampoos, etc. Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources.

Aminosuccinate Acid. (See Aspartic Acid.)

Angora. Hair from the Angora rabbit or goat. Used in clothing. Alternatives: synthetic fibers.

Animal Fats and Oils. In foods, cosmetics, etc. Highly allergenic. Alternatives: olive oil, wheat germ oil, coconut oil, flaxseed oil, almond oil, safflower oil, etc.

Animal Hair. In some blankets, mattresses, brushes, furniture, etc. Alternatives: vegetable and synthetic fibers.

Arachidonic Acid. A liquid unsaturated fatty acid that is found in liver, brain, glands, and fat of animals and humans. Generally isolated from animal liver. Used in companion animal food for nutrition and in skin creams and lotions to soothe eczema and rashes. Alternatives: synthetics, aloe vera, tea tree oil, calendula ointment.

Arachidyl Proprionate. A wax that can be from animal fat. Alternatives: peanut or vegetable oil.

Aspartic Acid. Aminosuccinate Acid. Can be animal or plant source (e.g., molasses). Sometimes synthesized for commercial purposes.

Bee Pollen. Microsporic grains in seed plants gathered by bees then collected from the legs of bees. Causes allergic reactions in some people. In nutritional supplements, shampoos, toothpastes, deodorants. Alternatives: synthetics, plant amino acids, pollen collected from plants.

Bee Products. Produced by bees for their own use. Bees are selectively bred. Culled bees are killed. A cheap sugar is substituted for their stolen honey. Millions die as a result. Their legs are often torn off by pollen-collection trapdoors.

Beeswax. Honeycomb. Wax obtained from melting honeycomb with boiling water, straining it, and cooling it. From virgin bees. Very cheap and widely used but harmful to the skin. In lipsticks and many other cosmetics (especially face creams, lotions, mascara, eye creams and shadows, face makeups, nail whiteners, lip balms, etc.). Derivatives: Cera Flava. Alternatives: paraffin, vegetable oils and fats. Ceresin, aka ceresine, aka earth wax. (Made from the mineral ozokerite. Replaces beeswax in cosmetics. Also used to wax paper, to make polishing cloths, in dentistry for taking wax impressions, and in candle-making.) Also, carnauba wax (from the Brazilian palm tree; used in many cosmetics, including lipstick; rarely causes allergic reactions). Candelilla wax (from candelilla plants; used in many cosmetics, including lipstick; also in the manufacture of rubber and phonograph records, in waterproofing and writing inks; no known toxicity). Japan wax (Vegetable wax. Japan tallow. Fat from the fruit of a tree grown in Japan and China.).

Benzoic Acid. In almost all vertebrates and in berries. Used as a preservative in mouthwashes, deodorants, creams, aftershave lotions, etc. Alternatives: cranberries, gum benzoin (tincture) from the aromatic balsamic resin from trees grown in China, Sumatra, Thailand, and Cambodia.

Beta Carotene. (See Carotene.)

Biotin. Vitamin H. Vitamin B Factor. In every living cell and in larger amounts in milk and yeast. Used as a texturizer in cosmetics, shampoos, and creams. Alternatives: plant sources.

Blood. From any slaughtered animal. Used as adhesive in plywood, also found in cheese-making, foam rubber, intravenous feedings, and medicines. Possibly in foods such as lecithin. Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources.

Boar Bristles. Hair from wild or captive hogs. In "natural" toothbrushes and bath and shaving brushes. Alternatives: vegetable fibers, nylon, the peelu branch or peelu gum (Asian, available in the U.S.; its juice replaces toothpaste).

Bone Char. Animal bone ash. Used in bone china and often to make sugar white. Serves as the charcoal used in aquarium filters. Alternatives: synthetic tribasic calcium phosphate.

Bone Meal. Crushed or ground animal bones. In some fertilizers. In some vitamins and supplements as a source of calcium. In toothpastes. Alternatives: plant mulch, vegetable compost, dolomite, clay, vegetarian vitamins.

Calciferol. (See Vitamin D.)

Calfskin. (See Leather.)

Caprylamine Oxide. (See Caprylic Acid.)

Capryl Betaine. (See Caprylic Acid.)

Caprylic Acid. A liquid fatty acid from cow's or goat's milk. Also from palm and coconut oil, other plant oils. In perfumes, soaps. Derivatives: Caprylic Triglyceride, Caprylamine Oxide, Capryl Betaine. Alternatives: plant sources.

Caprylic Triglyceride. (See Caprylic Acid.)

Carbamide. (See Urea.)

Carmine. Cochineal. Carminic Acid. Red pigment from the crushed female cochineal insect. Reportedly, 70,000 beetles must be killed to produce one pound of this red dye. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, red apple sauce, and other foods (including red lollipops and food coloring). May cause allergic reaction. Alternatives: beet juice (used in powders, rouges, shampoos; no known toxicity); alkanet root (from the root of this herb-like tree; used as a red dye for inks, wines, lip balms, etc.; no known toxicity. Can also be combined to make a copper or blue coloring). (See Colors.)

Carminic Acid. (See Carmine.)

Carotene. Provitamin A. Beta Carotene. A pigment found in many animal tissues and in all plants. Used as a coloring in cosmetics and in the manufacture of vitamin A.

Casein. Caseinate. Sodium Caseinate. Milk protein. In "non-dairy" creamers, soy cheese, many cosmetics, hair preparations, beauty masks. Alternatives: soy protein, soy milk, and other vegetable milks.

Caseinate. (See Casein.)

Cashmere. Wool from the Kashmir goat. Used in clothing. Alternatives: synthetic fibers.

Castor. Castoreum. Creamy substance with strong odor from muskrat and beaver genitals. Used as a fixative in perfume and incense. Alternatives: synthetics, plant castor oil.

Castoreum. (See Castor.)

Catgut. Tough string from the intestines of sheep, horses, etc. Used for surgical sutures. Also for stringing tennis rackets and musical instruments, etc. Alternatives: nylon and other synthetic fibers.

Cera Flava. (See Beeswax.)

Cerebrosides. Fatty acids and sugars found in the covering of nerves. May include tissue from brain.

Cetyl Alcohol. Wax found in spermaceti from sperm whales or dolphins. Alternatives: Vegetable cetyl alcohol (e.g., coconut), synthetic spermaceti.

Cetyl Palmitate. (See Spermaceti.)

Chitosan. A fiber derived from crustacean shells. Used as a lipid binder in diet products, in hair, oral and skin care products, antiperspirants, and deodorants. Alternatives: raspberries, yams, legumes, dried apricots, and many other fruits and vegetables.

Cholesterin. (See Lanolin.)

Cholesterol. A steroid alcohol in all animal fats and oils, nervous tissue, egg yolk, and blood. Can be derived from lanolin. In cosmetics, eye creams, shampoos, etc. Alternatives: solid complex alcohols (sterols) from plant sources.

Choline Bitartrate. (See Lecithin.)

Civet. Unctuous secretion painfully scraped from a gland very near the genital organs of civet cats. Used as a fixative in perfumes. Alternatives: (See alternatives to Musk.).

Cochineal. (See Carmine.)

Cod Liver Oil. (See Marine Oil.)

Collagen. Fibrous protein in vertebrates. Usually derived from animal tissue. Can't affect the skin's own collagen. An allergen. Alternatives: soy protein, almond oil, amla oil (see alternative to Keratin), etc.

Colors. Dyes. Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivatives that are continously tested on animals due to their carcinogenic properties. Alternatives: grapes, beets, turmeric, saffron, carrots, chlorophyll, annatto, alkanet.

Corticosteroid. (See Cortisone.)

Cortisone. Corticosteroid. Hormone from adrenal glands. Widely used in medicine. Alternatives: synthetics.

Cysteine, L-Form. An amino acid from hair which can come from animals. Used in hair-care products and creams, in some bakery products, and in wound-healing formulations. Alternatives: plant sources.

Cystine. An amino acid found in urine and horsehair. Used as a nutritional supplement and in emollients. Alternatives: plant sources.

Dexpanthenol. (See Panthenol.)

Diglycerides. (See Monoglycerides and Glycerin.)

Dimethyl Stearamine. (See Stearic Acid.)

Down. Goose or duck insulating feathers. From slaughtered or cruelly exploited geese. Used as an insulator in quilts, parkas, sleeping bags, pillows, etc. Alternatives: polyester and synthetic substitutes, kapok (silky fibers from the seeds of some tropical trees) and milkweed seed pod fibers.

Duodenum Substances. From the digestive tracts of cows and pigs. Added to some vitamin tablets. In some medicines. Alternatives: vegetarian vitamins, synthetics.

Dyes. (See Colors.)

Egg Protein. In shampoos, skin preparations, etc. Alternatives: plant proteins.

Elastin. Protein found in the neck ligaments and aortas of cows. Similar to collagen. Can't affect the skin's own elasticity. Alternatives: synthetics, protein from plant tissues.

Emu Oil. From flightless ratite birds native to Australia and now factory farmed. Used in cosmetics and creams. Alternatives: vegetable and plant oils.

Ergocalciferol. (See Vitamin D.)

Ergosterol. (See Vitamin D.)

Estradiol. (See Estrogen.)

Estrogen. Estradiol. Female hormones from pregnant mares? urine. Considered a drug. Can have harmful systemic effects if used by children. Used for reproductive problems and in birth control pills and Premarin, a menopausal drug. In creams, perfumes, and lotions. Has a negligible effect in the creams as a skin restorative; simple vegetable-source emollients are considered better. Alternatives: oral contraceptives and menopausal drugs based on synthetic steroids or phytoestrogens (from plants, especially palm-kernel oil). Menopausal symptoms can also be treated with diet and herbs.

Fats. (See Animal Fats.)

Fatty Acids. Can be one or any mixture of liquid and solid acids such as caprylic, lauric, myristic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. Used in bubble baths, lipsticks, soap, detergents, cosmetics, food. Alternatives: vegetable-derived acids, soy lecithin, safflower oil, bitter almond oil, sunflower oil, etc.

FD&C Colors. (See Colors.)

Feathers. From exploited and slaughtered birds. Used whole as ornaments or ground up in shampoos. (See Down and Keratin.)

Fish Liver Oil. Used in vitamins and supplements. In milk fortified with vitamin D. Alternatives: yeast extract ergosterol and exposure of skin to sunshine.

Fish Oil. (See Marine Oil.) Fish oil can also be from marine mammals. Used in soap-making.

Fish Scales. Used in shimmery makeups. Alternatives: mica, rayon, synthetic pearl.

Fur. Obtained from animals (usually mink, foxes, or rabbits) cruelly trapped in steel-jaw leghold traps or raised in intensive confinement on fur "farms." Alternatives: synthetics. (See Sable Brushes.)

Gel. (See Gelatin.)

Gelatin. Gel. Protein obtained by boiling skin, tendons, ligaments, and/or bones with water. From cows and pigs. Used in shampoos, face masks, and other cosmetics. Used as a thickener for fruit gelatins and puddings (e.g., "Jello"). In candies, marshmallows, cakes, ice cream, yogurts. On photographic film and in vitamins as a coating and as capsules. Sometimes used to assist in "clearing" wines. Alternatives: carrageen (carrageenan, Irish moss), seaweeds (algin, agar-agar, kelp—used in jellies, plastics, medicine), pectin from fruits, dextrins, locust bean gum, cotton gum, silica gel. Marshmallows were originally made from the root of the marsh mallow plant. Vegetarian capsules are now available from several companies. Digital cameras don't use film.

Glucose Tyrosinase. (See Tyrosine.)

Glycerides. (See Glycerin.)

Glycerin. Glycerol. A byproduct of soap manufacture (normally uses animal fat). In cosmetics, foods, mouthwashes, chewing gum, toothpastes, soaps, ointments, medicines, lubricants, transmission and brake fluid, and plastics. Derivatives: Glycerides, Glyceryls, Glycreth-26, Polyglycerol. Alternatives: vegetable glycerin—a byproduct of vegetable oil soap. Derivatives of seaweed, petroleum.

Glycerol. (See Glycerin.)

Glyceryls. (See Glycerin.)

Glycreth-26. (See Glycerin.)

Guanine. Pearl Essence. Obtained from scales of fish. Constituent of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid and found in all animal and plant tissues. In shampoo, nail polish, other cosmetics. Alternatives: leguminous plants, synthetic pearl, or aluminum and bronze particles.

Hide Glue. Same as gelatin but of a cruder impure form. Alternatives: dextrins and synthetic petrochemical-based adhesives. (See Gelatin.)

Honey. Food for bees, made by bees. Can cause allergic reactions. Used as a coloring and an emollient in cosmetics and as a flavoring in foods. Should never be fed to infants. Alternatives: in foods—maple syrup, date sugar, syrups made from grains such as barley malt, turbinado sugar, molasses; in cosmetics—vegetable colors and oils.

Honeycomb. (See Beeswax.)

Horsehair. (See Animal Hair.)

Hyaluronic Acid. A protein found in umbilical cords and the fluids around the joints. Used in cosmetics. Alternatives: plant oils.

Hydrocortisone. (See Cortisone.)

Hydrolyzed Animal Protein. In cosmetics, especially shampoo and hair treatments. Alternatives: soy protein, other vegetable proteins, amla oil (see alternatives to Keratin).

Imidazolidinyl Urea. (See Urea.)

Insulin. From hog pancreas. Used by millions of diabetics daily. Alternatives: synthetics, vegetarian diet and nutritional supplements, human insulin grown in a lab.

Isinglass. A form of gelatin prepared from the internal membranes of fish bladders. Sometimes used in "clearing" wines and in foods. Alternatives: bentonite clay, "Japanese isinglass," agar-agar (see alternatives to Gelatin), mica, a mineral used in cosmetics.

Isopropyl Lanolate. (See Lanolin.)

Isopropyl Myristate. (See Myristic Acid.)

Isopropyl Palmitate. Complex mixtures of isomers of stearic acid and palmitic acid. (See Stearic Acid.)

Keratin. Protein from the ground-up horns, hooves, feathers, quills, and hair of various animals. In hair rinses, shampoos, permanent wave solutions. Alternatives: almond oil, soy protein, amla oil (from the fruit of an Indian tree), human hair from salons. Rosemary and nettle give body and strand strength to hair.

Lactic Acid. Found in blood and muscle tissue. Also in sour milk, beer, sauerkraut, pickles, and other food products made by bacterial fermentation. Used in skin fresheners, as a preservative, in the formation of plasticizers, etc. Alternative: plant milk sugars, synthetics.

Lactose. Milk sugar from milk of mammals. In eye lotions, foods, tablets, cosmetics, baked goods, medicines. Alternatives: plant milk sugars.

Laneth. (See Lanolin.)

Lanogene. (See Lanolin.)

Lanolin. Lanolin Acids. Wool Fat. Wool Wax. A product of the oil glands of sheep, extracted from their wool. Used as an emollient in many skin care products and cosmetics and in medicines. An allergen with no proven effectiveness. (See Wool for cruelty to sheep.) Derivatives: Aliphatic Alcohols, Cholesterin, Isopropyl Lanolate, Laneth, Lanogene, Lanolin Alcohols, Lanosterols, Sterols, Triterpene Alcohols. Alternatives: plant and vegetable oils.

Lanolin Alcohol. (See Lanolin.)

Lanosterols. (See Lanolin.)

Lard. Fat from hog abdomens. In shaving creams, soaps, cosmetics. In baked goods, French fries, refried beans, and many other foods. Alternatives: pure vegetable fats or oils.

Leather. Suede. Calfskin. Sheepskin. Alligator Skin. Other Types of Skin. Subsidizes the meat industry. Used to make wallets, handbags, furniture and car upholstery, shoes, etc. Alternatives: cotton, canvas, nylon, vinyl, ultrasuede, pleather, other synthetics.

Lecithin. Choline Bitartrate. Waxy substance in nervous tissue of all living organisms. But frequently obtained for commercial purposes from eggs and soybeans. Also from nerve tissue, blood, milk, corn. Choline bitartrate, the basic constituent of lecithin, is in many animal and plant tissues and prepared synthetically. Lecithin can be in eye creams, lipsticks, liquid powders, hand creams, lotions, soaps, shampoos, other cosmetics, and some medicines. Alternatives: soybean lecithin, synthetics.

Linoleic Acid. An essential fatty acid. Used in cosmetics, vitamins. Alternatives: (See alternatives to Fatty Acids.)

Lipase. Enzyme from the stomachs and tongue glands of calves, kids, and lambs. Used in cheese-making and in digestive aids. Alternatives: vegetable enzymes, castor beans.

Lipids. (See Lipoids.)

Lipoids. Lipids. Fat and fat-like substances that are found in animals and plants. Alternatives: vegetable oils.

Marine Oil. From fish or marine mammals (including porpoises). Used in soap-making. Used as a shortening (especially in some margarines), as a lubricant, and in paint. Alternatives: vegetable oils.

Methionine. Essential amino acid found in various proteins (usually from egg albumen and casein). Used as a texturizer and for freshness in potato chips. Alternatives: synthetics.

Milk Protein. Hydrolyzed milk protein. From the milk of cows. In cosmetics, shampoos, moisturizers, conditioners, etc. Alternatives: soy protein, other plant proteins.

Mink Oil. From minks. In cosmetics, creams, etc. Alternatives: vegetable oils and emollients such as avocado oil, almond oil, and jojoba oil.

Monoglycerides. Glycerides. (See Glycerin.) From animal fat. In margarines, cake mixes, candies, foods, etc. In cosmetics. Alternative: vegetable glycerides.

Musk (Oil). Dried secretion painfully obtained from musk deer, beaver, muskrat, civet cat, and otter genitals. Wild cats are kept captive in cages in horrible conditions and are whipped around the genitals to produce the scent; beavers are trapped; deer are shot. In perfumes and in food flavorings. Alternatives: labdanum oil (which comes from various rockrose shrubs) and other plants with a musky scent. Labdanum oil has no known

Myristal Ether Sulfate. (See Myristic Acid.)

Myristic Acid. Organic acid in most animal and vegetable fats. In butter acids. Used in shampoos, creams, cosmetics. In food flavorings. Derivatives: Isopropyl Myristate, Myristal Ether Sulfate, Myristyls, Oleyl Myristate. Alternatives: nut butters, oil of lovage, coconut oil, extract from seed kernels of nutmeg, etc.

Myristyls. (See Myristic Acid.)

"Natural Sources." Can mean animal or vegetable sources. Most often in the health food industry, especially in the cosmetics area, it means animal sources, such as animal elastin, glands, fat, protein, and oil. Alternatives: plant sources.

Nucleic Acids. In the nucleus of all living cells. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, conditioners, etc. Also in vitamins, supplements. Alternatives: plant sources.

Ocenol. (See Oleyl Alcohol.)

Octyl Dodecanol. Mixture of solid waxy alcohols. Primarily from stearyl alcohol. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Oleic Acid. Obtained from various animal and vegetable fats and oils. Usually obtained commercially from inedible tallow. (See Tallow.) In foods, soft soap, bar soap, permanent wave solutions, creams, nail polish, lipsticks, many other skin preparations. Derivatives: Oleyl Oleate, Oleyl Stearate. Alternatives: coconut oil. (See alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils.)

Oils. (See alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils.)

Oleths. (See Oleyl Alcohol.)

Oleyl Alcohol. Ocenol. Found in fish oils. Used in the manufacture of detergents, as a plasticizer for softening fabrics, and as a carrier for medications. Derivatives: Oleths, Oleyl Arachidate, Oleyl Imidazoline.

Oleyl Arachidate. (See Oleyl Alcohol.)

Oleyl Imidazoline. (See Oleyl Alcohol.)

Oleyl Myristate. (See Myristic Acid.)

Oleyl Oleate. (See Oleic Acid.)

Oleyl Stearate. (See Oleic Acid.)

Palmitamide. (See Palmitic Acid.)

Palmitamine. (See Palmitic Acid.)

Palmitate. (See Palmitic Acid.)

Palmitic Acid. From fats, oils (see Fatty Acids). Mixed with stearic acid. Found in many animal fats and plant oils. In shampoos, shaving soaps, creams. Derivatives: Palmitate, Palmitamine, Palmitamide. Alternatives: palm oil, vegetable sources.

Panthenol. Dexpanthenol. Vitamin B-Complex Factor. Provitamin B-5. Can come from animal or plant sources or synthetics. In shampoos, supplements, emollients, etc. In foods. Derivative: Panthenyl. Alternatives: synthetics, plants.

Panthenyl. (See Panthenol.)

Pepsin. In hogs' stomachs. A clotting agent. In some cheeses and vitamins. Same uses and alternatives as Rennet.

Placenta. Placenta Polypeptides Protein. Afterbirth. Contains waste matter eliminated by the fetus. Derived from the uterus of slaughtered animals. Animal placenta is widely used in skin creams, shampoos, masks, etc.Alternatives: kelp. (See alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils.)

Polyglycerol. (See Glycerin.)

Polypeptides. From animal protein. Used in cosmetics. Alternatives: plant proteins and enzymes.

Polysorbates. Derivatives of fatty acids. In cosmetics, foods.

Pristane. Obtained from the liver oil of sharks and from whale ambergris. (See Squalene, Ambergris.) Used as a lubricant and anti-corrosive agent. In cosmetics. Alternatives: plant oils, synthetics.

Progesterone. A steroid hormone used in anti-wrinkle face creams. Can have adverse systemic effects. Alternatives: synthetics.

Propolis. Tree sap gathered by bees and used as a sealant in beehives. In toothpaste, shampoo, deodorant, supplements, etc. Alternatives: tree sap, synthetics.

Provitamin A. (See Carotene.)

Provitamin B-5. (See Panthenol.)

Provitamin D-2. (See Vitamin D.)

Rennet. Rennin. Enzyme from calves' stomachs. Used in cheese-making, rennet custard (junket), and in many coagulated dairy products. Alternatives: microbial coagulating agents, bacteria culture, lemon juice, or vegetable rennet.

Rennin. (See Rennet.)

Resinous Glaze. (See Shellac.)

Ribonucleic Acid. (See RNA.)

RNA. Ribonucleic Acid. RNA is in all living cells. Used in many protein shampoos and cosmetics. Alternatives: plant cells.

Royal Jelly. Secretion from the throat glands of the honeybee workers that is fed to the larvae in a colony and to all queen larvae. No proven value in cosmetics preparations. Alternatives: aloe vera, comfrey, other plant derivatives.

Sable Brushes. From the fur of sables (weasel-like mammals). Used to make eye makeup, lipstick, and artists' brushes. Alternatives: synthetic fibers.

Sea Turtle Oil. (See Turtle Oil.)

Shark Liver Oil. Used in lubricating creams and lotions. Derivatives: Squalane, Squalene. Alternatives: vegetable oils.

Sheepskin. (See Leather.)

Shellac. Resinous Glaze. Resinous excretion of certain insects. Used as a candy glaze, in hair lacquer, and on jewelry. Alternatives: plant waxes.

Silk. Silk Powder. Silk is the shiny fiber made by silkworms to form their cocoons. Worms are boiled in their cocoons to get the silk. Used in cloth. In silk-screening (other fine cloth can be and is used instead). Taffeta can be made from silk or nylon. Silk powder is obtained from the secretion of the silkworm. It is used as a coloring agent in face powders, soaps, etc. Can cause severe allergic skin reactions and systemic reactions (if inhaled or ingested). Alternatives: milkweed seed-pod fibers, nylon, silk-cotton tree and ceiba tree filaments (kapok), rayon, and synthetic silks.

Snails. In some cosmetics (crushed).

Sodium Caseinate. (See Casein.)

Sodium Steroyl Lactylate. (See Lactic Acid.)

Sodium Tallowate. (See Tallow.)

Spermaceti. Cetyl Palmitate. Sperm Oil. Waxy oil derived from the sperm whale's head or from dolphins. In many margarines. In skin creams, ointments, shampoos, candles, etc. Used in the leather industry. May become rancid and cause irritations. Alternatives: synthetic spermaceti, jojoba oil, and other vegetable emollients.

Sponge (Luna and Sea). A plant-like animal. Lives in the sea. Becoming scarce. Alternatives: synthetic sponges, loofahs (plants used as sponges).

Squalane. (See Shark Liver Oil.)

Squalene. Oil from shark livers, etc. In cosmetics, moisturizers, hair dyes, surface-active agents. Alternatives: vegetable emollients such as olive oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, etc.

Stearamide. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearamine. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearamine Oxide. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearates. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearic Acid. Fat from cows and sheep and from dogs and cats euthanized in animal shelters, etc. Most often refers to a fatty substance taken from the stomachs of pigs. Can be harsh, irritating. Used in cosmetics, soaps, lubricants, candles, hairspray, conditioners, deodorants, creams, chewing gum, food flavoring. Derivatives: Stearamide, Stearamine, Stearates, Stearic Hydrazide, Stearone, Stearoxytrimethylsilane, Stearoyl Lactylic Acid, Stearyl Betaine, Stearyl Imidazoline. Alternatives: Stearic acid can be found in many vegetable fats, coconut.

Stearic Hydrazide. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearone. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearoxytrimethylsilane. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearoyl Lactylic Acid. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearyl Acetate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearyl Alcohol. Sterols. A mixture of solid alcohols. Can be prepared from sperm whale oil. In medicines, creams, rinses, shampoos, etc. Derivatives: Stearamine Oxide, Stearyl Acetate, Stearyl Caprylate, Stearyl Citrate, Stearyldimethyl Amine, Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate, Stearyl Heptanoate, Stearyl Octanoate, Stearyl Stearate. Alternatives: plant sources, vegetable stearic acid.

Stearyl Betaine. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearyl Caprylate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearyl Citrate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearyldimethyl Amine. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearyl Heptanoate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearyl Imidazoline. (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearyl Octanoate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Stearyl Stearate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.)

Steroids. Sterols. From various animal glands or from plant tissues. Steroids include sterols. Sterols are alcohol from animals or plants (e.g., cholesterol). Used in hormone preparation. In creams, lotions, hair conditioners, fragrances, etc. Alternatives: plant tissues, synthetics.

Sterols. (See Stearyl Alcohol and Steroids.)

Suede. (See Leather.)

Tallow. Tallow Fatty Alcohol. Stearic Acid. Rendered beef fat. May cause eczema and blackheads. In wax paper, crayons, margarines, paints, rubber, lubricants, etc. In candles, soaps, lipsticks, shaving creams, other cosmetics. Chemicals (e.g., PCB) can be in animal tallow. Derivatives: Sodium Tallowate, Tallow Acid, Tallow Amide, Tallow Amine, Talloweth-6, Tallow Glycerides, Tallow Imidazoline. Alternatives: vegetable tallow, Japan tallow, paraffin and/or ceresin (see alternatives to Beeswax for all three). Paraffin is usually from petroleum, wood, coal, or shale oil.

Tallow Acid. (See Tallow.)

Tallow Amide. (See Tallow.)

Tallow Amine. (See Tallow.)

Talloweth-6. (See Tallow.)

Tallow Glycerides. (See Tallow.)

Tallow Imidazoline. (See Tallow.)

Triterpene Alcohols. (See Lanolin.)

Turtle Oil. Sea Turtle Oil. From the muscles and genitals of giant sea turtles. In soap, skin creams, nail creams, other cosmetics. Alternatives: vegetable emollients (see alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils).

Tyrosine. Amino acid hydrolyzed from casein. Used in cosmetics and creams. Derivative: Glucose Tyrosinase.

Urea. Carbamide. Excreted from urine and other bodily fluids. In deodorants, ammoniated dentifrices, mouthwashes, hair colorings, hand creams, lotions, shampoos, etc. Used to "brown" baked goods, such as pretzels. Derivatives: Imidazolidinyl Urea, Uric Acid. Alternatives: synthetics.

Uric Acid. (See Urea.)

Vitamin A. Can come from fish liver oil (e.g., shark liver oil), egg yolk, butter, lemongrass, wheat germ oil, carotene in carrots, and synthetics. It is an aliphatic alcohol. In cosmetics, creams, perfumes, hair dyes, etc. In vitamins, supplements. Alternatives: carrots, other vegetables, synthetics.

Vitamin B-Complex Factor. (See Panthenol.)

Vitamin B Factor. (See Biotin.)

Vitamin B-12. Usually animal source. Some vegetarian B-12 vitamins are in a stomach base. Alternatives: some vegetarian B-12-fortified yeasts and analogs available. Plant algae discovered containing B-12, now in supplement form (spirulina).Some nutritionist caution that fortified foods or supplements are essential.

Vitamin D. Ergocalciferol. Vitamin D-2. Ergosterol. Provitamin D-2. Calciferol. Vitamin D-3. Vitamin D can come from fish liver oil, milk, egg yolk, etc. Vitamin D-2 can come from animal fats or plant sterols. Vitamin D-3 is always from an animal source. All the D vitamins can be in creams, lotions, other cosmetics, vitamin tablets, etc. Alternatives: plant and mineral sources, synthetics, completely vegetarian vitamins, exposure of skin to sunshine. Many other vitamins can come from animal sources. Examples: choline, biotin, inositol, riboflavin, etc.

Vitamin H. (See Biotin.)

Wax. Glossy, hard substance that is soft when hot. From animals and plants. In lipsticks, depilatories, hair straighteners. Alternatives: vegetable waxes.

Whey. A serum from milk. Usually in cakes, cookies, candies, and breads. In cheese-making. Alternatives: soybean whey.

Wool. From sheep. Used in clothing. Ram lambs and old "wool" sheep are slaughtered for their meat. Sheep are transported without food or water, in extreme heat and cold. Legs are broken, eyes injured, etc. Sheep are bred to be unnaturally woolly, also unnaturally wrinkly, which causes them to get insect infestations around the tail areas. The farmer's solution to this is the painful cutting away of the flesh around the tail (called "mulesing"). "Inferior" sheep are killed. When shearing the sheep, they are pinned down violently and sheared roughly. Their skin is cut up. Every year, hundreds of thousands of shorn sheep die from exposure to cold. Natural predators of sheep (wolves, coyotes, eagles, etc.) are poisoned, trapped, and shot. In the U.S., overgrazing of cattle and sheep is turning more than 150 million acres of land to desert. "Natural" wool production uses enormous amounts of resources and energy (to breed, raise, feed, shear, transport, slaughter, etc., the sheep). Derivatives: Lanolin, Wool Wax, Wool Fat. Alternatives: cotton, cotton flannel, synthetic fibers, ramie, etc.

Wool Fat. (See Lanolin.)

Wool Wax. (See Lanolin.)

REFERENCES

Buyukmihci, Nermin. "John Cardillo's List of Animal Products and Their Alternatives." Cosmetic Ingredients Glossary: A Basic Guide to Natural Body Care Products. Petaluma, Clif.: Feather River Co., 1988. Mason, Jim, and Peter Singer. Animal Factories. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1980. Ruesch, Hans. Slaughter of the Innocent. New York: Civitas, 1983. Singer, Peter. Animal Liberation. New York: Random House, 1990. Sweethardt Herb Catalogue. Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1981. Winter, Ruth. A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 1994. Winter, Ruth. A Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives. New York: Crown Publishing

[acrossthewavesoftime]

Well, I mean there's always that HMS Canceaux hot sauce, I suppose?

You can probably tell from my pfp, but I would more than enjoy those, especially the first one.

Other very niche merch based on personal preferences and/or events specifically listed on the official website that should totally be a thing:

Remember back in the olden days, when teenagers would sport their allegiance to either one "Edward" or a certain "Jacob" on t-shirts? I need a Team Gage and alternatively, Team Graves-line of t-shirts for all ye loyalists and other casual enjoyers of 1774-1775 Bostonian history.

The Mary Baddeley I Survived the Evacuation of Boston and All I Got Was this Lousy Life Vest (and a Neurotic General)

A pad of paper with instructions how to fold paper boats printed on each sheet, alongside the name HMS Diana

Feel free to add more ideas! ;-)

Why does everyone's Rev250 merch suck so hard