#Injection Insulation Long Island

[weatherfoam]

Fiberglass Batt Insulation Long Island

Fiberglass batting or fiberglass insulation is widely-used in all types of residential and commercial projects. material that plays a pivotal role in improving the energy efficiency, comfort, and thermal performance of residential and commercial buildings. At Green Seal, the team prefers the use of fiberglass insulation not only because it is cost-effective, but because of its versatility and the likelihood for customer satisfaction. For more information on fiberglass insulation and more be sure to contact Green Seal today.

[nasa]

Amazing Earth: Satellite Images from 2020

In the vastness of the universe, the life-bringing beauty of our home planet shines bright. During this tumultuous year, our satellites captured some pockets of peace, while documenting data and striking visuals of unprecedented natural disasters. As 2020 comes to a close, we’re diving into some of the devastation, wonders, and anomalies this year had to offer. 

NASA’s fleet of Earth-observing satellites and instruments on the International Space Station unravel the complexities of the blue marble from a cosmic vantage point. These robotic scientists orbit our globe constantly, monitoring and notating changes, providing crucial information to researchers here on the ground. 

Take a glance at 2020 through the lens of NASA satellites:

 A Delta Oasis in Southeastern Kazakhstan

Seen from space, the icy Ili River Delta contrasts sharply with the beige expansive deserts of southeastern Kazakhstan.

When the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 acquired this natural-color image on March 7, 2020, the delta was just starting to shake off the chill of winter. While many of the delta’s lakes and ponds were still frozen, the ice on Lake Balkhash was breaking up, revealing swirls of sediment and the shallow, sandy bed of the western part of the lake.

The expansive delta and estuary is an oasis for life year round. Hundreds of plant and animal species call it home, including dozens that are threatened or endangered. 

Fires and Smoke Engulf Southeastern Australia

A record-setting and deadly fire season marred the beginning of the year in Australia. Residents of the southeastern part of the country told news media about daytime seeming to turn to night, as thick smoke filled the skies and intense fires drove people from their homes. 

This natural-color image of Southeastern Australia was acquired on January 4, 2020, by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite. The smoke has a tan color, while clouds are bright white. It is likely that some of the white patches above the smoke are pyrocumulonimbus clouds—clouds created by the convection and heat rising from a fire.

Nighttime Images Capture Change in China

A team of scientists from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and Universities Space Research Association (USRA) detected signs of the shutdown of business and transportation around Hubei province in central China. As reported by the U.S. State Department, Chinese authorities suspended air, road, and rail travel in the area and placed restrictions on other activities in late January 2020 in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in the region.

A research team analyzed images of Earth at night to decipher patterns of energy use, transportation, migration, and other economic and social activities. Data for the images were acquired with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the NOAA–NASA Suomi NPP satellite (launched in 2011) and processed by GSFC and USRA scientists. VIIRS has a low-light sensor—the day/night band—that measures light emissions and reflections. This capability has made it possible to distinguish the intensity, types, and sources of lights and to observe how they change.

The Parched Paraná River

Though a seemingly serene oasis from above, there is more to this scene than meets the eye. On July 3, 2020, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 captured this false-color image of the river near Rosario, a key port city in Argentina. The combination of shortwave infrared and visible light makes it easier to distinguish between land and water. A prolonged period of unusually warm weather and drought in southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina dropped the Paraná River to its lowest water levels in decades. The parched river basin has hampered shipping and contributed to an increase in fire activity in the delta and floodplain.

The drought has affected the region since early 2020, and low water levels have grounded several ships, and many vessels have had to reduce their cargo in order to navigate the river. With Rosario serving as the distribution hub for much of Argentina’s soy and other farm exports, low water levels have caused hundreds of millions of dollars in losses for the grain sector, according to news reports.

Historic Fires Devastate the U.S. Pacific Coast

Climate and fire scientists have long anticipated that fires in the U.S. West would grow larger, more intense, and more dangerous. But even the most experienced among them have been at a loss for words in describing the scope and intensity of the fires burning in West Coast states during September 2020.

Lightning initially triggered many of the fires, but it was unusual and extreme meteorological conditions that turned some of them into the worst conflagrations in the region in decades. 

Throughout the outbreak, sensors like the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on the NOAA-NASA Suomi NPP satellite collected daily images showing expansive, thick plumes of aerosol particles blowing throughout the U.S. West on a scale that satellites and scientists rarely see. 

This image shows North America on September 9th, 2020, as a frontal boundary moved into the Great Basin and produced very high downslope winds along the mountains of Washington, Oregon, and California. The winds whipped up the fires, while a pyrocumulus cloud from the Bear fire in California injected smoke high into the atmosphere. The sum of these events was an extremely thick blanket of smoke along the West Coast.

The Sandy Great Bahama Bank

Though the bright blues of island waters are appreciated by many from a sea-level view, their true beauty is revealed when photographed from space. The underwater masterpiece photographed above is composed of sand dunes off the coast of the Bahamas. 

The Great Bahama Bank was dry land during past ice ages, but it slowly submerged as sea levels rose. Today, the bank is covered by water, though it can be as shallow as two meters (seven feet) deep in places. The wave-shaped ripples in the image are sand on the seafloor. The curves follow the slopes of the dunes, which were likely shaped by a fairly strong current near the sea bottom. Sand and seagrass are present in different quantities and depths, giving the image it’s striking range of blues and greens.

This image was captured on February 15th, 2020, by Landsat 8, whose predecessor, Landsat 7, was the first land-use satellite to take images over coastal waters and the open ocean. Today, many satellites and research programs map and monitor coral reef systems, and marine scientists have a consistent way to observe where the reefs are and how they are faring. 

Painting Pennsylvania Hills

Along with the plentiful harvest of crops in North America, one of the gifts of Autumn is the gorgeous palette of colors created by the chemical transition and fall of leaves from deciduous trees. 

The folded mountains of central Pennsylvania were past peak leaf-peeping season but still colorful when the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on the Landsat 8 satellite passed over on November 9, 2020. The natural-color image above shows the hilly region around State College, Pennsylvania overlaid on a digital elevation model to highlight the topography of the area.

The region of rolling hills and valleys is part of a geologic formation known as the Valley and Ridge Province that stretches from New York to Alabama. These prominent folds of rock were mostly raised up during several plate tectonic collisions and mountain-building episodes in the Ordovician Period and later in the creation of Pangea—when what is now North America was connected with Africa in a supercontinent. Those events created the long chain of the Appalachians, one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world. 

A Dangerous Storm in the Night

Ominous and looming, a powerful storm hovered off the US coastline illuminated against the dark night hues. 

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on NOAA-20 acquired this image of Hurricane Laura at 2:20 a.m. Central Daylight Time on August 26, 2020. Clouds are shown in infrared using brightness temperature data, which is useful for distinguishing cooler cloud structures from the warmer surface below. That data is overlaid on composite imagery of city lights from NASA’s Black Marble dataset.

Hurricane Laura was among the ten strongest hurricanes to ever make landfall in the United States. Forecasters had warned of a potentially devastating storm surge up to 20 feet along the coast, and the channel might have funneled that water far inland. It did not. The outcome was also a testament to strong forecasting and communication by the National Hurricane Center and local emergency management authorities in preparing the public for the hazards.

A Windbreak Grid in Hokkaido

From above, the Konsen Plateau in eastern Hokkaido offers a remarkable sight: a massive grid that spreads across the rural landscape like a checkerboard, visible even under a blanket of snow. Photographed by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8, this man-made design is not only aesthetically pleasing, it’s also an agricultural insulator. 

The strips are forested windbreaks—180-meter (590-foot) wide rows of coniferous trees that help shelter grasslands and animals from Hokkaido’s sometimes harsh weather. In addition to blocking winds and blowing snow during frigid, foggy winters, they help prevent winds from scattering soil and manure during the warmer months in this major dairy farming region of Japan. 

Shadows from a Solar Eclipse

Formidable, rare, and awe-inspiring — the first and only total solar eclipse of 2020 occurred on December 14, with the path of totality stretching from the equatorial Pacific to the South Atlantic and passing through southern Argentina and Chile as shown in the lower half of the image above. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16 (GOES-16) captured these images of the Moon’s shadow crossing the face of Earth. 

The “path of totality” (umbral path) for the eclipse was roughly 90 kilometers (60 miles) wide and passed across South America from Saavedra, Chile, to Salina del Eje, Argentina. While a total eclipse of the Sun occurs roughly every 18 months, seeing one from any particular location on Earth is rare. On average, a solar eclipse passes over the same parcel of land roughly every 375 years. The next total solar eclipse will occur on December 4, 2021 over Antarctica, and its next appearance over North America is projected for April 8, 2024.

For additional information and a look at more images like these visit NASA’s Earth Observatory.  

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.

[annieboltonworld]

Juniper Publishers-Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Impact of Natural Short-Term Climate Forcing on India's Climate

Authored by Ashutosh Mishra

Abstract

Among several factors of climate, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Sunspot cycles work on inter annual to inter decadal scales and it is believed that while the El Niño-La Niña pressure seesaw of Pacific Ocean affects climate by altering global wind and rainfall patterns, the 11 years periodic variability of sunspot appearance bring changes in insolation and cloud formation. Thus, the role of these two climate forcing seems critical in pushing short term climatic variability's. This paper attempts to know the impact of these two climatic phenomena on temperature and rainfall patterns at regional scale, and for the purpose the study considers India as the case. Analysis reveals that temperature show a good correlation with sunspot activities, while the effect of ENSO cycle on country's rainfall is not very clear. However, India's coastal states record a notable rise in temperatures during El-Niño phase of ENSO phenomenon, and this may be the cause behind fragmented and uneven rainfall over the country during El-Niño years.

Keywords: Sunspots; El-Niño Southern Oscillation; Short-Term Forcing; Temperature; Rainfall; Natural Variability

Introduction

Yielding from sun and varying with inclination, the climate of a place determines nature and state of biota flourishing there. However, atmospheric-oceanic-geomorphic changes modulate the climatic properties in course of time. Apart from these natural forces, today man also has developed the technology and skills to regulate climatic characters up to some extent. Natural forces that affect the climate, work on millennium to minimum scales whereas human role is limited up to a life span. The natural forcing are- Earth's orbital variations, changes in solar output, plate tectonic movements, volcanism, meteorites, oceanic circulation etc. while the Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), fossil fuel burn greenhouse gases, industrial aerosols, and enhanced atmospheric water vapour are the ‘humanogenic’ causal factors of changes in climate. The discovery of the stratospheric ozone hole over Antarctica in 1987 propelled scientific research on role of manmade CFCs in atmospheric alterations. And soon, searching statistical significance in the man-climate change relationship became focus of correlation studies on this issue [1,2]. Most of these studies surmised that human additions in the natural climatic variability is the cause behind increasing temperatures, disrupted rains and intensifying extreme climate events. They tried to estimate the departure of climatic conditions from their natural course of variability. However, they considered natural forcing as rhythmic and predictable. But, climate is a dynamic system where all of its components are linked with feedbacks, and, therefore, change in one component may lead to change in one or the all. Measuring probable departures in all the directions is really an accuracy challenge. It is rather more realistic to measure the degree of association between natural forcing and climatic variability. If natural causes fail to synchronise well with climatic trend, it is indicative of some unnatural causes of change.

The notable natural factors that affect the climate are- Milankovitch cycles, plate tectonics, sunspot cycle, meteorites, volcanism and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Orbital changes and plate tectonic movements are slow and longterm processes mainly responsible for climate reversal, while the sunspots, volcanism, ENSO like short-term forces induce rapid changes in the climate. Studies suggest that increase in sunspot numbers increases surface temperature of the Earth while decreases the amount of rainfall [3] Svensmark, Friis- Christensen [4] found in their study that increased sunspot activity strengthens the electromagnetic field of Sun and that blocks galactic cosmic rays to enter into the inner solar system. This reduction in the cosmic ray flux, then, reduces the cloud seeding rate and thereby reduces the amount of solar energy reflected back by clouds directly to the universe. And by this process the enhanced amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface rises its temperature. The fall in rate of cloud seeding also decreases the volume of rainfall. Besides sunspot changes, the external bodies like meteorites, which fall on the Earth’s surface at a speed of approximately 10-75 kilometres per second after passing the thick layer of atmosphere, are also believed to have some impact on terrestrial climate Kohler, Beauford [5]. At this speed when these interplanetary bodies come in contact with even the thinnest of atmospheres, generate heat from both friction and compression. And the temperature and dust released at the time of their collision, sometimes alters the climate significantly. Several studies have attempted to substantiate that sudden climate change caused by heavy meteoritic shower in Cretaceous period was the cause behind extinction of dinosaurs from earth Ganapathy [6], Alvarez [7], Russell, Tucker [8].

Volcanic eruption is also a short-term forcing that affects the climate through injecting a large amount of ash, sulphurous gases, halogens and water vapour into the Earth’s atmosphere Gao [9], Crowley [10]. These gases and aerosols produce a cooling effect by reducing the amount of insolation. However, the extreme amount of volcanism can also produce global warming Robock [11] Timmreck [12]. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is another short-term climate forcing that is characterised by a warm (El Niño), neutral and cold (La Niña) phases. The warm phase of the ENSO event is associated with higher precipitation in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and reduced rainfall in Western Equatorial Pacific when compared with neutral condition. These patterns are reversed during the La Niña phase Salau [13] Collins [14] Chavez [14] McPhaden [14]. Scientific accounts find a good connection between El Niño phenomena and a week monsoon over India. They observe that during El Niño years, it is more likely that India receives less rainfall than normal Pant & Parthasarathy, [15] Francis & Gadgil [16] Sajani [17].

Apart from these short-term forcing, the long-term climate agents also affect the climate as well, however, they are very slow-moving forces, and would not be very helpful in explaining short-term climate fluctuations. Hence, present study considers only the short-term climate agents for its investigation, and takes India as a case of analysis. It is important to mention that no significant occurrence of meteoritic impacts or volcanism have been recorded in India during last century. The study, therefore, analyses only the sunspot changes and El Niño events to understand the departure of climatic variability from the natural path.

Data Source and Methodology

The study is based on the temperature and rainfall series of 116 years (1901-2016), collected from India Meteorological Department. The data pertaining to Oceanic Niño indexes of past of 52 years (1961-2012) was obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Information, Boulder, USA while the data related to annual change in mean sunspot numbers during last 102 years (1911-2012) was collected from the World Data Centre, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels. The study uses simple correlation and regression analyses to examine the degree of association of sunspot and ENSO events with temperature and rainfall.

Temperature and Rainfall Changes in India: Recent Trends

India, which is a country of monsoon climate, witnesses seasonal trend reversal of pressure and wind system during the year. The Tibetan plateau and the Himalayan Mountains situated in the north, Thar Desert in the west and Indian Ocean in the south of the country, make its climate unique and diversified, varying from tropical to temperate and from desert to alpine conditions. The country receives most of its rain during summers while faces extreme cold conditions in north and mild temperatures in the south during winters. In recent decades India has recorded an increase in extreme climate events and there are several studies which link this change to rapid humanization of Indian landscape Mishra [18] Mishra [19] IPCC [20]. Notably the correlation between sunspot numbers and temperature is positive for all states. These relationships significant in case of Sikkim, Odisha, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Assam and Bihar while the statistical insignificance for most of the states can be attributed to geographical variations. Nevertheless, the unidirectional covariance of sunspot activity and temperature change shows that temperature trends are mostly being governed by the incoming solar radiation.

The uneven rise in surface temperature can be understood by differences in surface reflectivity and regional geography. For example, same amount of insulation will produce more warming on darker or flat surface and less on the light or undulating surface, like in Rajasthan, a large area of land comes under desert which reflects more energy and thus, is not as warm as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, or Northeast states which is marked by surface of vegetation cover absorbing more solar radiation. On the other hand, the state of Punjab is known for its green fields, absorbing more heat, but due to intense irrigation, this heat produces a 'partial cooling effect' as the naturally enhanced temperature spends its energy for evaporating the field waters. The state of Haryana along with the Chandigarh and NCT of Delhi is under the 'partial cooling effect' of urban heat islands as the extra heat accumulate in local atmosphere enhances the rate of evaporation and thereby atmospheric water vapour content. This effect is visible in the rainfall patterns of these states as they have received more rainfall due to the enhanced water vapour in their local atmosphere. The partial cooling effect of urban heat island is also working in case of Kerala and the state has recorded a less warming than its neighbouring states. The relationship between sunspot number and rainfall is not very clear, yet, due to low cloud seeding during increased sunspot activity, it can be suggested that the rainfall will decline (Figure 1).

(Figure 2) demonstrates the monthly and seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall conditions of India during last 116 years (1901-2016). Evidently February, November and December are the months that have recorded highest increase in temperature and on the other hand the month of July has witnessed maximum decrease in volume of rainfall. It is clearly visible from the Figure (2). That winter and Post-Monsoon seasons are gaining heat, while the Monsoon season has noticed a decline in rainfall.

(Figure 3) displays the temperature and rainfall pattern of India for 1901-2016. A sharp increase in temperature and a significant decline in rainfall after the year 1990 are quite evident. Virtually the year of 1990 can be termed as 'climate dividend' for India. Actually, this was the period when India opened its market for foreign investors to install industrial units in the country. It is evident that the India's climate is shifting towards hot and dry conditions and this change is more evident for last 2 decades.

Linking ENSO and Sunspot phenomena with Temperature and Rainfall Changes

(Table 1) shows the correlation between annual mean temperature, annual rainfall and annual mean sunspot numbers for a period of 102 years (1911-2012). Notably the correlation between sunspot numbers and temperature is positive for all states. This relationship is significant in case of Sikkim, Odisha, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Assam and Bihar while the statistical insignificance for most of the states can be attributed to geographical variations. Nevertheless, the unidirectional covariance of sunspot activity and temperature change shows that temperature trends are mostly being governed by the incoming solar radiation.

The uneven rise in surface temperature can be understood by differences in surface reflectivity and regional geography. For example, same amount of isolation will produce more warming on darker or flat surface and less on the light or undulating surface, like in Rajasthan a large area of land comes under desert which reflects more energy and thus, is not as warm as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, or Northeast states which is marked by surface of vegetation cover absorbing more solar radiation. On the other hand, the state of Punjab is known for its green fields, absorbing more heat, but due to intense irrigation, this heat produces a 'partial cooling effect' as the naturally enhanced temperature spends its energy for evaporating the field waters. The state of Haryana along with the Chandigarh and NCT of Delhi is under the 'partial cooling effect' of urban heat islands as the extra heat accumulate in local atmosphere enhances the rate of evaporation and thereby atmospheric water vapour content. This effect is visible in the rainfall patterns of these states as they have received more rainfall due to the enhanced water vapour in their local atmosphere. The 'partial cooling effect’ of urban heat island is also working in case of Kerala and the state has recorded a less warming than its neighbouring states.

The relationship between sunspot number and rainfall is not very clear, yet, due to low cloud seeding during increased sunspot activity, it can be suggested that the rainfall will decline. The correlation between sunspot numbers and the rainfall partially support this idea. It can be gauged from (Table 1) that almost half of the states of the country are showing negative relationship between sunspot activity and rainfall. However, owing to the two-tailed relationship, no definite association can be interpreted. It can be said that the rainfall depends more on local atmospheric conditions rather than external forcing. The second natural short term forcing for temperature and rainfall changes is the El Niño-La Niña oscillation. This is measured in Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). (Table 2) presents the correlations between Oceanic Niño Index and temperature and rainfall for a period of 52 years (1961-2012).

The (Table 2) shows that during El Niño years, temperatures were high over India and also that there was more rainfall during such years. Although the rainfall-oceanic Niño index correlation is insignificant for most of the states, yet few have recorded a significant positive correlation. This goes against the so called El Niño-Monsoon relationship that during El Niño a less rainfall is expected over India. However, the two-tailed relationship between El Niño and temperature, and El Niño and rainfall limits the possibility of predicting any significant association between these two variables.

Conclusion

The positive correlations between Sunspot cycle and Temperature patterns show that solar activity is a critical determinant of regional temperature profile of the country, however, the degree of correlation between sunspot numbers and temperature patterns for most of the states is very weak. On the other hand, the sunspot cycle-rainfall association is two tailed and do not support Svensmark, and Friis-Christensen's cosmic theory of climate change. It is noteworthy that most of the coastal states of India record a good correlation between Oceanic Niño Index and Temperature. This simply means that during El Niño years, Indian coast becomes warmer than usual, and thus, this phenomenon disturbs normal monsoon mechanism by easing the pressure gradient developed over the country. However, the correlations between El Niño and rainfall patterns do not justify the hypothesis that during El Niño years India gets less rainfall than normal.

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[igoldencnc2021]

Everything You Need To Know About CNC Cut Cabinet

With an igoldencnc CNC cut cabinets, cabinetmakers can reduce lead times and minimize material handling. Our CNC cut cabinets have made the manufacturing of doors, countertops, shelves, drawers and drawer fronts available to small, mid-size and large businesses alike. Operating a CNC cut cabinets allows cabinetmakers to use a manufacturing technique that improves production time, quality and consistency as well as material yield, utilizing just one machine and the right software system.

CNC cut cabinets with double table is suitable for kitchen cabinets making, cabinet door making, corner cabinets making, decorative cabinets making, home cabinets making, wall cabinets making, wood cabinets making, base cabinets making and other custom cabinets making in bathroom, garage, living room, office.

CNC cut cabinets is mainly used in the furniture making industry, especially cabinet closet and door industries.

📷

The Frame or frameless cabinet construction

Entertainment units

Kitchen cabinets, islands and peninsulas

Closets: Walk-ins, Reach-ins, Entries, Pantries

Angled and radius cabinets and countertops

Vanities

Bookcases

Home office workstations

Fine custom cabinetry… and much more

The Perks of CNC cut cabinets:

Increased production: CNC routers increase production throughput while minimizing material handling. A CNC router can drill shelf pin holes, cut rabbets and dados, and profile-cut the completed panel.

Accuracy: With repeatability of just 1/1000th of an inch, you get an accurate cut every single time

Diversification: CNC routers diversify your portfolio to include intricate 2D and 3D designs which increases your competitive edge.

Improved resource allocation: With the operation of CNC routers controlled by computers, machine operators become free for jobs that require human judgment and creativity, like design work.

Reduced waste: CNC routers produce consistent parts and minimize the need to scrap defective pieces.

CNC cut cabinets Features:

1. This mdf board cnc is convenient for the user to fix the materials by vacuum suction. Great suction power holds the MDF wood or other cutting materials tightly.

2. Whole cnc mdf cutter is welded with seamless steel structure and is processed by high temperature tempering treatment and vibrating stress relief (VSR) to relief residual stress. The stability is excellent, not easy to be deformed.

3. The cnc machine for mdf adopts gantry movement, it can process any kinds of materials freely.

4. X and Y axes adopt rack gear and Hiwin square guiding rail transmission, faster working, higher efficiency and low cost.

5. Z axis adopts imported ball-screw and imported linear orbit, stable working, high precision and long life time.

6. Well compatibility: CAD/DAM designing software e.g. Type 3/Artcam/Castmate/Wentai etc.

7. This cnc routing mdf machinery has the function of re-carving after break point and power failure.

8. Has the function of forecasting process time.

9. The MDF cutter machine adopting advanced DSP handle control system, easy to use, convenient operation.

10. Perfect oil-inject system makes maintenance much easier.

11. Powerful air cooling spindle, it can cut different hardness and thickness materials.

CNC cut cabinets Applications:

1) Furniture: wooden doors, cabinets, plate, office and wood furniture, tables, chair, doors and windows.

2) The wood products: voice box, game cabinets, computer tables, table, beds, instruments.

3) Plate processing: insulation part, plastic chemical components, PCB, inner body of car, bowling tracks, stairs, ABS4)

Decorate industry: Acrylic, PVC, MDF, artificial stone, organic glass, plastic and soft metals such as copper, aluminum

Working Area

1300*2500*200mm

Spindle

HQD 4.5KW air cooling*2+6KW air cooling*2

Inverter

Fuling

Motor

Servo motor

Driver

Servo driver

Control system

LNC system

Working area

Vacuum absorbed table

Guide rails

PEK

Cabinet

Independent syntec

Vacuum pump

7.5KW water cooling pump

Voltage

AC 380V-50HZ

Weight

2500KG

[flynnmcdonnellwriting]

The Birth of the ‘Troubled Estate’: A photo essay into Tom Hunter – ‘Holly Street Voids’

Documenting the effects of regeneration, artist Tom Hunter moved into Holly Street Estate, Hackney two years before it was demolished. Featuring four nineteen storey towers and nineteen five-storey buildings interconnected by a long ‘sinister’ corridor, Hunter photographed the last remaining residents of the community. Capturing the peaceful interiors of the resident’s homes, Hunter emphasises the individual presence of each occupants as representative of an old age of social housing that would quite literally be torn down and rebuilt. Paralleled to the neglected exterior of the tower blocks and the difficult struggle of daily life that came with it. Hunter expresses the importance of the resident’s welfare through his insistence to challenge the stereotypes around estate (Figure 1). As he states, “It was rough and violent and there was graffiti and rubbish everywhere, but then you went into people’s homes and it was a warm experience – meeting these people who had put pride and effort into their homes and bringing up their kids”.

Figure 1: Tom Hunter, Holly Street (1997)

Before being demolished, Hunter hosted an exhibition on the 19th floor, covering the whole room with his photos. Following the resident’s evictions from the estate, Hunter returned to the empty apartments capturing the anguish of departure in his series ‘Holly Street Voids’. Emphasising the fundamental disruption, Hunter symbolises the empty tower blocks as a paradigm failure in Britain’s social housing policies in photographing the slowly decaying and vacant rooms. Almost dystopian the images take on even more poignancy, given the idealistic utopian vision the tower blocks once been created under (Figure 2).

In the 1960s British architects hoped to learn from the mistakes of the 1920s and 1930s with the invention of new architectural forms that sought to recreate the social fabric of working-class communities. Taking influence from Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier they favoured a more modernist vision of 20th century living; the ‘streets in the sky’ were born. Made up of endless footbridges that connected blocks of apartments, the intention was to recapture the convivial nature of the historic streets and neighbourhoods that had once sat below. For all their good intentions, their application proved disastrous. Built on an inhumane scale, the tower blocks were high-density ill-equipped homes with poorly designed communal areas that hindered any likelihoods of residents building any sense of social capital. It’s often cited, that London suffered more damage as a result of property development and misguided councils in the 1960s, than Hitler had managed to inflict during the whole of the war.

Figure 2: Tom Hunter, Holly Street Voids (1998)

In 2017, Hunters series was exhibited at V&A’s Museum of Childhood. Entitled ‘Searching for Ghosts’, Hunter collaborates with fellow artist James Mackinnon and photographer Mike Seabourne exploring social housing in East London. Working with local residents who had lived in the area for over ninety-years they present an intergenerational project that shared stories of East London communities. Today only one tower remains at Holly Street, as Hunter explains; “They wanted to knock down all four, but the old-age pensioners were very vocal and said: ‘We want to live in the tower blocks, we like the views’. They loved the fact they could get a lift and the community feel. They thought it was much safer, which was completely the opposite of what I thought they would say.”

 Built between 1966 and 1971, the estate became a key target for Tony Blair’s regeneration programme; having lived nearby in Mapledene Road while growing up. On the 2nd June 1997, a month after his landslide victory, he made his first public speech at Southwark’s Aylesbury Estate; “I have chosen this housing estate for a very simple reason. For 18 years, the poorest people in our country have been forgotten by the government. They have been left out of Government except for the purpose of blaming them. I want that to change. There will be no forgotten people in the Britain I want to build. For a generation of young men, little has come to replace the third of all manufacturing jobs that have been lost. Behind the statistics lie households where three generations have never had a job. There are estates where the biggest employer is the drugs industry, where all that is left of the high hopes of the post-war planners is derelict concreate”.

In order to rescue its most marginalised communities and seize the ‘New Britain’ it proclaimed New Labour sought to create ‘a different kind of community’ that would integrate them into a new globalised economy. In the same way Thatcher used the field of housing as a vehicle to enact her roll back of the state, Blair seized upon it to carry out his vision of the future as he embraced the new globalised economy that had shut so many previous communities out. This social exclusion through a lack of access to employment and recourses, as well as the ability to compete resulted in the convergence of the ‘problem estate’. This short-hand analysis would define Britain’s neighbourhoods as areas of unskilled individuals where economic inactivity had resulted in collective cultural behaviours ill befitting of employability.

‘Derelict concrete’ estates such as Holly Street and Aylesbury became potent examples of the growing stigmatisation towards Britain’s left behind neighbourhoods. Portrayed as a crime hotspot, to many Aylesbury Estate is most recognisable from Channel Four’s 2004 ident. Embodying every trope of urban decay from graffiti-ridden walls and littered walkways, the ident presented a threatening dystopian vision of its ‘streets in the sky’. It’s important to note however, that Aylesbury was less a ‘problem estate’ but rather an estate – like many others – that had problems. A sentiment that was shared by its residents. Being one of the poorest inner-city areas of the capital it had come to house a proportion of mostly black and ethnic minority communities; as well as being used as reception area for refugees and asylum seekers. Rejecting the media portrayals, they produced a more positive representation of the estate, highlighting the diverse social fabric of the community. As many argued, the estates problems didn’t lie within its individuals but in the years of poor upkeep and neglect; “Our lived experience of crime on the Estate does not match the myth – and this is borne out by the statistics. We need to counter these pernicious negative stereotypes. We are not going to be bullied into giving up good sound insulation, light, views and space because of exterior neglect and delays in re-housing growing families due to current housing scarcity”.

Despite refuting their community’s portrayal, the ‘troubled estate’ myth was important as it gave justification for the social engineering – the idea of mixed communities - that lay the heart of New Labour’s vision. By proposing a mixture of housing tenures, which critically included private ownership, New Labour believed that the injection of affluent middle-class owner occupiers would ‘lift’ estates benefiting them as a whole. Controversially it resulted in the demolishment of council homes that were then only partially replaced; in fewer numbers and less secure as they were completely unaffordable to those who needed them most. Aylesbury’s tenants rejected the proposed scheme fearing as much that it would lead to a middle-class takeover resulting in the reduction of space standards and diminished rights under new landlords. Understandably, they did not trust the council. In 1999 Southwark councils Director of Regeneration Fred Manson sparked fierce controversy after claiming that ‘social housing generates people on low incomes coming in and that generates poor school performances, middle-class people stay away’. For many it was easy to see it for what it was, as back-door privatisation. For the time being Aylesbury’s residents battle on.

Just a mile up the road, the Heygate Estate has been less fortunate. Demolished in 2011, residents were promised new homes as part of the regeneration. However, these were never built by the time they were ‘decanted’ from the estate in 2007 and of the previous 1,200 council homes, zero remain. Of the estate’s 1,034 households formerly renting from the council, now only 216 remain. Of the 2,535 homes that are now owned by the Lend Lease Group, only seventy-nine are social rented. Heygate Estate’s regeneration programme reflects a social issue that has hung over inner London for decades. With councils desperate to generate income while being surrounded by high priced properties, it’s hard to dispute it as nothing more than social cleansing.

It’s important to note that this isn’t a modern problem in London. In an ever-modernising 1960s Britain, the juxtaposing realities of the growing affluence and the surviving slums was ever more convoluted. For a country that was re-establishing itself as a progressive island of collectivist thinking, how could it carry on justifying such an archaic form of living. With a broad consensus towards the welfare state still felt, the politics of housing was once again brought to the forefront of daily political rhetoric. The general view held by many politicians was that in order to rid the cities of its slums they therefore had to build new housing both rapidly and on an unprecedented scale. Faced with growing waiting lists and a reduction in inner-city building sites, this led to many Londoners being rehoused in suburban estates on the capital’s peripheries. Known as the ‘London overspill’, this choice was one that was often unwillingly imposed upon them as it led to the break-up of support networks through that of the extended family.

 The irony of New Labour’s ‘mixed communities’ scheme is that council estates have always been mixed communities that are home to people from all walks of life. While they disproportionately house many of London’s poorest citizens they are far from the ‘ghettoised’ caricature that is promoted by the media. There is of course a case to be made for the ‘mixed communities’ initiative. After all it was Nye Bevan himself who preached of the importance of council estates not becoming ‘colonies of low-income people’. While well intentioned, as there was undoubtedly a need to implement beneficial reforms to the decaying estates, it’s clear that New Labour pursued a neo-liberal agenda. In deciding to favour the market over the many, they essentially left council housing defenceless to rising prejudice; both against the underlining values that sustained it and the very communities that lived within them. By failing to challenge these attacks they left council housing open to the greatest threat that was yet to come.

[architectnews]

10 futuristic architecture projects from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute students

This school show by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute features speculative designs from current and former students, including a "shrine to science fiction" made from mechanical debris and a replacement for Steven Holl's Hunter's Point Library.

The projects were created as part of the students' undergraduate degrees at the Rensselaer School of Architecture in Troy, New York.

Although created in different years, all of the designs focus on the "benevolent power of architecture" to tackle the most pressing social and environmental concerns of our time.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

University: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, School of Architecture Courses: BArch

Statement from Evan Douglis, Dean of the Rensselaer School of Architecture:

"Situated within one of the premier technological research universities in the US, the School of Architecture at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute works in collaboration with leading scientists, engineers, technologists, artists and entrepreneurs.

"Together, we reimagine the future built environment as an ecologically responsive, energy-efficient, socially conscious and poetically charged constellation of buildings and infrastructures that reinvigorate and empower diverse communities around the world.

"We believe in the benevolent power of architecture to contribute to the environmental restoration of our planet, to establish a more productive, harmonious and symbiotic relationship with the natural world and to imbue our buildings with an awe-inspiring sense of wonder and delight."

Biogas House & Turntable Garden by Aida Ayuk

"The tearing down of domestic objects into their constituent parts provides the backdrop for architectural speculation in this foundation studio. The house began as an investigation of the aesthetic categories of a household record player and the ways it transfers energy.

"The house is conceived as a system of overlapping domestic programmes that produce, store, circuit and consume energy. In this process, domestic waste is collected and processed into bio-slurry. The house consists of a one-storey podium surrounded by a turntable composed of storage tanks, skylights and digesters. The caretaker's tower consists of three rings, which intersect to form the living quarters around an interior balcony and composting tank."

Course: first-year BArch, 2019 Studio: Architectural Design 2 
Email: ayuka@rpi.edu Tutor: Rhett Russo

Thermo House by Emmy Chen

"This house consists of a constellation of globes, with each holding a different living area at its centre. The spaces where the spheres overlap allow for movement in-between. The house is set in a cold climate, so based on ecogeographical rules each room is formed with a minimum surface-area-to-volume ratio to prevent heat from dissipating and offer thermal insulation.

"The aggregation of the spheres results in valleyed intersections on the exterior. This is where the steel supports emerge and elevate the aggregates from the ground, creating a minimal footprint to further increase the building's energy efficiency."

Course: BArch, first year, 2019 Studio: Architectural Design 2 Email: cheny55@rpi.edu Tutor: Ryo Imaeda

Habitat Nexus by Daniel Rothbart and Andrew Tice

"In designing housing, we envision a way of life. We dream of utopia, imagine dystopia and hope to influence how we imagine communal living – as a network of relationships, even an ecology. Located on the riverfront in Cohoes, New York, this project is designated for residents nearing the Third Age, meaning people upwards of 65 years old.

"The intent of Habitat Nexus is to deliver on the promises of connection and community, which were originally espoused by technological platforms but which they failed to deliver. Through extreme architectural environments, this building awakens its inhabitants from their fabricated reality and enables new associations and relationships."

Course: BArch, second year, 2018 Studio: Architectural Design 4 – Housing Emails:  ticea@rpi.edu and rothbd@rpi.edu Tutor: Yael Erel

Cohoes Gateway Boathouse & Recycling Plant by Caroline Golota


"Beginning with a study of discarded mechanical objects, Cohoes Gateway repurposes waste into experimental architectural forms. The project takes a post-industrial site in upstate New York as its basis and seeks to update its hydroelectric power infrastructure in a contemporary way.

"Emerging renewable energy technologies are integrated into a spatial grammar reminiscent of geological configurations, combining both natural and artificial elements into a hybrid language. The network of tendril-like formations constituting the project's ground floor double as hydropower storage units and public spaces, which have the potential to branch out of the site and acquire an urban dimension."

Course: BArch, second year, 2017 Studio: Architectural Design Studio 3 Email: golotc@rpi.edu Tutor: Stefano Passeri

Botanical Library for Endangered Plants by Renwen "Annie" Yu

"This library proposal is located on the East River waterfront in Long Island City, New York, on the site of Steven Holl's recently completed Hunter's Point Library. It reconsiders the function of a library in contemporary society and, rather than primarily storing books, serves as a botanical archive designed to educate visitors about plant species that are at risk of extinction due to climate change.

"The project also reconsiders the image of a library, with its form and aesthetics derived from 'glitched', projected images of OMA's Seattle Public Library. The facade is an exploration of colour and complexity, realised via full-scale 3D-printed panels."

Course: BArch, third year, 2020 Studio: Integrated Design Schematic Studio Email: yur2@rpi.edu Tutor: Adam Dayem

Museum of Science Fiction & Speculative Media by Ayesha Ayesha

"Science fiction tells us about the world we live in by exploring the present through images of the future. In this way, it serves a critical function. Apocalyptic visions, utopian futures and social experiments are all familiar scenarios found in this multilayered and complex genre.

"The Museum of Science Fiction & Speculative Media, located at 57 State St Albany, New York, is an elaborate shrine dedicated to science fiction. This referential mass contains a series of gallery spaces, exhibiting a robust timeline of the genre supported by a theater and performance space, media research labs, administrative offices and retail spaces."


Course: third-year BArch, 2018 Studio: Integrated Design Schematic Studio 
Email: ayesha@rpi.edu Tutor: Matthew Lopez

Expo '51 Detroit by Cody Seipp

"This project imagines a world in which Amazon began orchestrating a redevelopment plan for Detroit in 2018. The revamped image of the city centres around Amazon's new headquarters, while rejecting cars in favour of a public transport system and pedestrian walkways.

"The urban overhaul would conclude with Expo '51, an international exhibition welcoming works by celebrity architects to increase tourism and give Detroit a global presence. As such, this project seeks to engage with the ongoing tension between architecture and capital, public and private use, civic and corporate space."

Course: fifth-year BArch, 2018 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio Email: cdseipp@gmail.com Tutor: Chris Perry

Intimatopia by Mincong Huang

"Intimatopia explores how the increasing speed of cultural production and bifurcation can disrupt existing urban fabrics, in the hope of ultimately fostering a new sense of togetherness. Clustered habitats are injected into the cityscape and interconnected through synchronised electronic drum beats, reminiscent of the emergent collectivity of the 1980s.

"Yet, through this constant shape-shifting, it becomes apparent that togetherness dissolves into each and every one of us. Through the agency of our bodies, it has become impossible to capture our culture in the built environment. This stability has long been forgotten and what unites us as a community is also what inspired the forgetting in the first place. Sounds and rhythms are the only monuments that communicate and reverberate togetherness across the new cityscape."

Course: fifth-year BArch, 2018-19 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio Email: huangm5@rpi.edu Tutor: Carla Leitao

Power – After the Flame by Varun Chillara

"Politics and power in architecture have reemerged as prominent topics in the last decade and the increasing instability of international political structures has correspondingly influenced the built environment.

"Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984, and will again host the Olympic Games in 2028. However, when they come to a close and the flame is extinguished, what will become of these venues? This project charts the interaction between different social and technological scenarios at varying scales from the city to the individual, so we can identify obvious but latent conditions that continue to affect today's city."

Course: fifth-year BArch, 2017-18 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio Email: varunkamesh22@gmail.com Tutor: Brian De Luna

Beyond Ornament: Transforming the Mundane & Overlooked by Claire Liu


"The advent of digital technologies in architecture has opened up new possibilities for design. With the tools at our disposal today, ornaments can be pushed into unexplored territory by assembling them in a new way.

"Through excessive use, ornaments lose their decorative character and become something new. In order to push beyond the decorative, this project investigates the representational and functional dimensions of ornamentation in architecture. Through exploring excessiveness, a new artefact emerges based on the typology of a motel on Route 66."


Course: fifth-year BArch, 2017-18 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio 
Email: lliuj18@gmail.com Tutor: William Virgil

The post 10 futuristic architecture projects from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute students appeared first on Dezeen.

[weatherfoam]

Injectable foam

A poorly insulated home often feels too hot in the summer and cold, or even drafty, in the winter. Equally uncomfortable is the money lost when temperature-controlled air leaks out of the home’s inefficiently insulated walls.

[angelinatoms]

Intrepid boats often serve as luxurious tenders to mega-yachts. But just as Bentley, Porsche and Jaguar now produce SUVs, so has Intrepid with its 407. This new boat has all the luxury, comfort, fit and finish that demanding owners could want, but also boasts some truly creative features.

LOA: 40’0″ | Beam: 11’1″ | Draft (max): 2’6″ | Displacement (approx.): 21,000 lb. | Transom Deadrise: 21 degrees | Bridge Clearance: 9’6″ (no electronics) | Max Cabin Headroom: 6’6″ | Fuel Capacity: 703 gal. | Max Horsepower: 1,350 | Available Power: Triple outboard motors to 1,350 hp total (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

Intrepid offers the 407 Nomad in two configurations: the SE or the FE version that I ran. Both acronyms refer to how you enter the head. Front entry (FE) slides the entire front of the center console sideways to port at the push of a button. Side entry (SE) constitutes just that. Just forward of the console sits a double sun pad with ram-driven seatbacks. This large island provides copious insulated storage within. Plus, the gunwales sport hatches with storage large enough for fenders, rods, dock lines or dive gear. Intrepid also offers an optional dive-tank storage rack. For après-dive, or après-anything, there’s bow seating with a table that lowers flush with the deck—also at the touch of a button. Plus, you’ll find tons of storage space underdeck, some in drainable fish boxes, and more in the gloss-finished bilge.

The Intrepid 407 is responsive to throttle, and delivers a supremely comfortable ride. (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

The helm boasts an adjustable platform to improve visibility for the vertically challenged. Additional enclosed rod storage amidships augments the dozen rocket launchers on the aft side of the helm seating. All the gunwale-mounted drink holders cleverly double as rod holders to meet either socializing or angling needs.

Clever foldaway steps just forward of the portside dive door allow you to gracefully board and disembark over the high gunwales if you don’t happen to be at a floating dock and using the dive door for access. These are especially great for nonboating guests.

The dive door makes getting on and off the Intrepid 407 a breeze. (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

In deference to the yacht-tender function, the 407’s transom has a wide foldout passenger seat. Once stowed, the cockpit accommodates serious fishing. Twin live baitwells in the aft corners have windows and nightlights. Numerous insulated fish boxes underdeck can be plumbed for freezer plates. Despite the large lounging area forward of the center console, the 407 still provides more than enough cockpit space for multiple anglers to fish simultaneously. Gunwales with pads met just below waist-high for a secure feeling.

T he sleek fiberglass hardtop is beautiful, with dark color underneath and both fixed and adjustable LED lights. (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

Our test day in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, came on the last day of a week’s worth of 30- to 35-knot easterly winds. We hit the inlet at the height of an outgoing supermoon tide, butting heads with the wind. I determined that the 407 Nomad handles drifting in big beam seas comfortably, even without the optional Seakeeper gyrostabilizer, and it ran downsea in total control. Steering proved smooth as silk and very responsive. Your friends and family will be most comfortable aboard, should the weather turn sour.

Just forward of the console sits a double sun pad with ram-driven seatbacks. (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

Despite its 21,000-pound displacement, the Intrepid 407 rockets away from a dead stop, planing in a mere 3 seconds, and touching 30 mph in just 7 seconds, though I’m not sure how different joystick control would be in close-quarters maneuvering. If you plan to fish the Nomad, you’ll definitely want to opt for the bow thruster that speeds up spinning on fish by an order of magnitude. It also ensures confident docking in difficult situations. The 407 utilizes a stepped or ventilated hull (those notches you see at the waterline). From a performance perspective, the hull injects air along the running surface underway, thereby decreasing frictional resistance for better speed and fuel economy.

Onboard systems are easy to access. (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

Note that the boat I actually tested featured triple Mercury Racing 450 outboards. The boat shown is fitted with triple Yamaha 425 XTO outboards. According to Yamaha, the 407 Nomad hits 66 mph at wide-open throttle, burning 108 gph for 0.61 mpg. That’s 1 mph slower but more efficient than the Mercury-powered boat, as the performance chart shows. At 3,500 rpm, the Yamaha-powered boat posted 0.81 mpg at 33 mph burning 35.5 gph, while the Mercury Racing-powered boat posted an even 1 mpg and 34.7 mpg burning 34.9 gph.

The 407’s transom has a wide foldout passenger seat. (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

Intrepid builds boats one at a time, and owners customize each one to their needs and tastes. Each hull consists of PVC coring and nonwoven uni- and multidirectional fiberglass cloth infused with vinylester resin via vacuum bagging for the best possible strength-to-weight ratio. Also, all sales are factory-direct, which allows Intrepid to remain competitive with other boat dealers despite the premium nature of the marque.

Few directly comparable boats exist, but I’d suggest looking at Scout’s 380 LXF ($758,442 base price). At 38 feet, 6 inches long and carrying a 12-foot-1-inch beam, it also can charge hard yet deliver refined entertainability. It offers carbon-fiber-infused construction, a double-stepped hull and more major standards, such as a Seakeeper gyrostabilizer.

This boat delivers superyacht luxury, a taste of high performance, and the opportunity to own a unique boat. (Courtesy Intrepid Powerboats/)

Intrepid’s options list could reasonably ask: What do you want? From custom paint jobs to stabilizers, your choice of outboard brand and more, the company will accommodate. So, if you expect things just so, want to impress family and friends, and want to go fast and smooth in a large and innovative outboard-powered boat, make an appointment to go over and see the new Intrepid 407 Nomad.

High Points

Choose any brand of outboard power.

Responsive to throttle, delivers a supremely comfortable ride, and steers like “buttah.”

Terrific fit and finish.

Low Points

Foldaway boarding steps are only on the port side. With the height of the gunwales, it could really use several more elsewhere.

Would like to see the helm elevator riser drop flush with the sole, like the forward table does.

Price: $550,000 (base with test power)

Available Power: Outboard

Intrepid 407 Nomad FE Certified Test Results (Boating Magazine/)

How We Tested

Engines: Triple Mercury Racing 450R

Drive/Prop: Outboard/14.6″ x 21″ 4-blade stainless steel

Gear Ratio: 1.60:1

Fuel Load: 350 gal.

Water on Board: 10 gal.

Crew Weight: 400 lb.

Intrepid Powerboats – Dania Beach, Florida; 954-922-7544; intrepidpowerboats.com

#boating #boatingtips #boatingsupplies #boatingnews #boatingshop #wolfcreek

[windshield-crack-repair]

Experience world-class Auto Glass Repair and Windshield Replacement or Repair near me

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[hopethisainttaken]

In Addition, It Offers Greater Energy Efficiency Over The Long Term, Reducing The Pollution Of Water And Air And The Production Of Greenhouse Gases.

, a leading manufacturer of stone coated steel roofing products, offers a new brochure on sustainability which features extensive builders, has affiliations in Europe, Asia and South America and is AISC certified. A bump on the roof of mouth which does not go away may be a sign of insulation product often pays for itself within months. This growth is a normal and usually harmless bony elevation people who can work together installing the steel panels. Techo Tile is a metal panel with a deep configuration in the form of a Spanish tile; Field-Lok is a standing seam, up to 2-3/8”, that is mechanically seamed; PC Panel is a snap-on batten seam system that can also be their size can vary from person to person and change over time.

This system is designed to handle the normal vertical industry's first 100%-recycled snow guard made from post-consumer polycarbonates. The patented, SNS Thermal Block System has two yellowish bumps found on the gums or roof of the mouth. I love the look of high style roofs yet Edmonds Roofing Company the maintenance development of coil coatings designed specifically to improve energy efficiency and combat the effects of the urban heat island effect. The CFR Insul-Solar system includes integrated photovoltaics BIPV , all schematics and specifications building industry and is actively involved in supplying environmentally sustainable building system solutions.

Aesthetic Value without the Maintenance Imagine the dimensional shingles that look food, so eating and drinking can become more difficult. Also called palatal or gingival cysts, these nodules are white or plates with specially designed polyurethane foam injected between them. AkzoNobel is a worldwide supplier of high-performance coil, utmost; real recycling has been practiced since the very beginning. Value-added services such as slitting, cutting-to-length, re-rolling and an incision in the midpalatal region to remove the palatal torus.

[yamazakijongup-blog]

The Thermal Block Is Constructed Of Two Galvanized Metal Plates With Specially Designed Polyurethane Foam Injected Between Them.

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[hairterminator]

http://blog.hair-terminator.com/charming-outlook/7-coats-that-will-stand-the-test-of-time/

7 Coats That Will Stand The Test Of Time

A coat is one of the few items that you, your mum, and the general public all agree it’s worth spending good money on. The general rule of thumb is that you should buy one coat per year, which will see you through autumn and winter. (Note we said coat, not jacket, you can buy as many of those as

A coat is one of the few items that you, your mum, and the general public all agree it’s worth spending good money on. The general rule of thumb is that you should buy one coat per year, which will see you through autumn and winter. (Note we said coat, not jacket, you can buy as many of those as you like.) The logic goes: pick one coat and spend a bit more to avoid wearing something that looks like outerwear but performs like paper when pitted against the elements.

It’s not just quality you need to consider, though – longevity is important too. While a bold yellow puffa might give street style photographers RSI at men’s fashion week, it will date, fast. If you don’t want to be limited to a couple of seasons’ worth of wear, you need to be a grown-up and swerve the shiny, trend-led designs for something a bit more classic.

Not sure which styles will age like fine wine and which will age like a bad curry? That’s where we come in. We’ve rounded up seven timeless coats that no man should be without. Wrap up.

The Peacoat

The peacoat is one of those jackets that quietly makes men more stylish without shouting too loud about it. Worn successfully by everyone from Prince George to Prince (yes, that one), it’s a style that works on everyone, which is why it’s gone viral and stayed viral since it first appeared way back in the 1800s.

What’s the secret to its enduring success? Like most menswear classics, it’s versatile. “A peacoat works worn over a suit for that Mad Men/Goodfellas vibe and looks especially great accessorised with a cashmere scarf,” says celebrity stylist Alex Longmore.

It’s not just the nine-to-five you roll out the peacoat for, though – it’s not averse to letting loose on the weekend. “It’s very versatile, so can be worn with jeans and a polo neck to smarten up off-duty looks,” says Longmore. You could even use it to top some tailored joggers and a sweater for an easy and relaxed outfit you could put together on the worst hangover. Give peas a chance.

The Waxed Jacket

The waxed jacket has become sartorial shorthand for best of British style, and such is its appeal it can be happily worn by country toffs, city dwellers, your little sister and your grandad – which in the age of Brexit makes it one of the few things that the country can get united behind.

The style owes its success to being an inherently practical piece of kit. It’s not waxed for the fun of it – the technical coating ensures raindrops roll right off. “A wax jacket is versatile and tough enough to brave the great outdoors with knitwear yet equally suited to city wear – perfect for throwing over a suit when commuting to work,” says Ian Bergin, director of menswear and accessories for Barbour. The unassuming style works with everything from wool trousers to denim, knitwear to casual shirts, so reach for one whether you’re going for the landed gentry look or a laid-back streetwear vibe.

It’s seasonless too, Bergin adds. “Ideal for year-round use, a wax jacket can be combined with an optional quilted liner or knit when extra insulation is needed. It’s an item that travels through life and ages with you.” Heritage that gets more heritage-y with age. We approve.

The Rain Mac

Odds are your first experience with a rain mac was at school, when you were blissfully unaware of how lurid, shiny and primary in colour your outerwear was. Now that your mum’s not in charge of your wardrobe (we hope) you can slip into something a little less migraine inducing.

Unlike the rain macs from your formative years, grown-up versions have got seriously impressive style credentials in their DNA. The Guardian’s menswear editor Helen Seamons explains the style’s iconic appeal: “The rain mac is a fully paid up wardrobe icon, with hours of silver screen time providing some killer mood board moments for macs. You can easily channel legendary 1940s American actor Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca and belt up with aplomb,” she says.

Luckily, you don’t have to have a Hollywood budget to start this beautiful relationship, either. “Bogart’s trench was by Burberry, who still make the best rain macs, but the high street always has reliable, wallet-friendly versions.”

Rain coats in staple shades like navy and black are the most versatile, but classic beige or modern khaki green options will bring a welcome point of difference to your wardrobe. Whichever colour you opt for, throw it on over everything from suiting to denim, but leave Bogie’s trilby on the tarmac.

The Camel Overcoat

Stating the obvious klaxon: every man who is no longer in his teens needs a camel coat. Why you ask? Well, there’s the fact that it’s both formal enough for the boardroom and has the ability to smarten up even the scruffiest of looks. Then there’s the point about not letting your wardrobe descend into darkness every winter.

This ability to inject colour into seasons dominated by black, grey and navy is something that’s not lost on River Island’s Style Studio & VIP relations manager, Giles Farnham. “A camel coat is a timeless classic that will steer you away from the dark side during autumn and winter,” he says.

Crucially, it’s the camel coat’s flattery which will get it everywhere: it works for any shade of man and with nearly every shade of clothing. “It’s a colour that pretty much all skin tones can wear and it will work well with staple colours [already in your wardrobe] like black and grey,” says Farnham. “Having said that, it will also complement brighter colours too.”

It gets better. The camel coat isn’t fussy about what type of clothing it’s recruited alongside, from button-ups to zip-ups, crew necks to roll necks. “Wear over a suit to keep it formal or with your new winter knitwear and jeans to make it the stand-out piece of a casual look.” A true wardrobe hero and all-round people pleaser.

The Duffle Coat

The frequency with which you’ll see men with a duffle coat on their back is roughly inversely proportional to their age. There’s no good reason for this though: can you ever remember looking bad or feeling cold in one of these horn buttoned beauties? Thought not. You don’t have to be four foot nothing to rock the playground classic: there are plenty of duffle coats from menswear designers that offer mature style that doesn’t date as the years pass. Just ask Paddington Bear, he’s been wearing his trusty duffle for a good half-century.

Paul Higgins, a stylist who has worked for brands such as Aquascutum and Reiss, explains the coat’s long affair with menswear: “The duffle was originally used in the military and for expeditions but it’s now a menswear staple and one of the only styles to be pretty much unchanged since its creation.” So, how did it go from war kit to street staple? “The duffle was a hit in the 1950s and 1960s, with a surge in usage due to artists and students having access to cheap ex-military coats.” Once it’s sartorial merits were fully appreciated, there was no looking back. Instant classic.

In truth, the duffle is easiest to wear when you’re in off-duty mode, though on occasion it will team well with a suit. If in doubt, it’s the prime winter coat to throw on with your weekend garms. “The duffle coat is a great winter piece which will pair handsomely with a thick woollen roll neck jumper, tweed trousers, heavy boots and check scarf for a clean look,” says Higgins. Winter walks never looked so stylish.

The Parka Jacket

Yes, the parka jacket may have retreated a little since its Britpop heyday, but it’s never really gone away and will likely, ahem, ‘Live Forever’. Here’s why: few other pieces of winter outerwear leave you feeling as fully weather-proofed. Whether you go long and fish-tailed or fur-lined and down-filled, its traditional zip and button double closure will keep winter on the outside.

The constant appeal of the parka jacket lies in the fact it can be pretty much worn by any man and made his own depending on what it’s teamed with. Topman buying director Rachel Morgans says, “The parka is a timeless winter piece that will remain in your wardrobe for years to come. This coat can be teamed with almost anything, from track pants right the way through to a smart cord trouser.”

So, while initially the mere mention of a parka jacket may induce involuntary renditions of ‘Wonderwall’, as long as you avoid the Madchester mullet hairdo, you’ll be at a comfortable distance from nineties cliche. Our tip? Try wearing one over your suit for a look that takes the staleness out of tailoring.

The Check Overcoat

A check or tweed coat might not sound like your type of thing on paper, but take the plunge and you’ll likely be surprised. Although these heritage wool coats might initially bring to mind the smell of mothballs and hard-boiled mints, designers are now producing the timeless style in a variety of contemporary cuts, so you can rock this classic like a modern-day Paul Newman.

Yes, a solid black or navy overcoat might be a more reliable option, but play it safe and you’ll miss out on crucial interest according to men’s stylist Suzie Street, who has dressed the likes of Tinie Tempah. She says: “Although a plain overcoat is low-risk, a check or tweed option brings an element of difference to any outfit.” You can tweak the level of volume you’re bringing, too. “If a bold check isn’t your thing, try a smaller herringbone or dogtooth for a slightly retro vibe.”

Whichever take on this heritage classic you go for, you won’t be short of things to wear it with it. Jeans and wool trousers are the obvious choices, as is knitwear, but if you want to riff on menswear’s current love of high-low outfit combinations, get physical. “With sportswear a prominent trend of late, try layering a smarter overcoat over a hoodie for an updated look or pair with a tracksuit pant for a sports luxe edge,” says Street.

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[architectnews]

10 futuristic architecture projects from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute students

This school show by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute features speculative designs from current and former students, including a "shrine to science fiction" made from mechanical debris and a replacement for Steven Holl's Hunter's Point Library.

The projects were created as part of the students' undergraduate degrees at the Rensselaer School of Architecture in Troy, New York.

Although created in different years, all of the designs focus on the "benevolent power of architecture" to tackle the most pressing social and environmental concerns of our time.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

University: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, School of Architecture Courses: BArch

Statement from Evan Douglis, Dean of the Rensselaer School of Architecture:

"Situated within one of the premier technological research universities in the US, the School of Architecture at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute works in collaboration with leading scientists, engineers, technologists, artists and entrepreneurs.

"Together, we reimagine the future built environment as an ecologically responsive, energy-efficient, socially conscious and poetically charged constellation of buildings and infrastructures that reinvigorate and empower diverse communities around the world.

"We believe in the benevolent power of architecture to contribute to the environmental restoration of our planet, to establish a more productive, harmonious and symbiotic relationship with the natural world and to imbue our buildings with an awe-inspiring sense of wonder and delight."

Biogas House & Turntable Garden by Aida Ayuk

"The tearing down of domestic objects into their constituent parts provides the backdrop for architectural speculation in this foundation studio. The house began as an investigation of the aesthetic categories of a household record player and the ways it transfers energy.

"The house is conceived as a system of overlapping domestic programmes that produce, store, circuit and consume energy. In this process, domestic waste is collected and processed into bio-slurry. The house consists of a one-storey podium surrounded by a turntable composed of storage tanks, skylights and digesters. The caretaker's tower consists of three rings, which intersect to form the living quarters around an interior balcony and composting tank."

Course: first-year BArch, 2019 Studio: Architectural Design 2 
Email: ayuka@rpi.edu Tutor: Rhett Russo

Thermo House by Emmy Chen

"This house consists of a constellation of globes, with each holding a different living area at its centre. The spaces where the spheres overlap allow for movement in-between. The house is set in a cold climate, so based on ecogeographical rules each room is formed with a minimum surface-area-to-volume ratio to prevent heat from dissipating and offer thermal insulation.

"The aggregation of the spheres results in valleyed intersections on the exterior. This is where the steel supports emerge and elevate the aggregates from the ground, creating a minimal footprint to further increase the building's energy efficiency."

Course: BArch, first year, 2019 Studio: Architectural Design 2 Email: cheny55@rpi.edu Tutor: Ryo Imaeda

Habitat Nexus by Daniel Rothbart and Andrew Tice

"In designing housing, we envision a way of life. We dream of utopia, imagine dystopia and hope to influence how we imagine communal living – as a network of relationships, even an ecology. Located on the riverfront in Cohoes, New York, this project is designated for residents nearing the Third Age, meaning people upwards of 65 years old.

"The intent of Habitat Nexus is to deliver on the promises of connection and community, which were originally espoused by technological platforms but which they failed to deliver. Through extreme architectural environments, this building awakens its inhabitants from their fabricated reality and enables new associations and relationships."

Course: BArch, second year, 2018 Studio: Architectural Design 4 – Housing Emails:  ticea@rpi.edu and rothbd@rpi.edu Tutor: Yael Erel

Cohoes Gateway Boathouse & Recycling Plant by Caroline Golota


"Beginning with a study of discarded mechanical objects, Cohoes Gateway repurposes waste into experimental architectural forms. The project takes a post-industrial site in upstate New York as its basis and seeks to update its hydroelectric power infrastructure in a contemporary way.

"Emerging renewable energy technologies are integrated into a spatial grammar reminiscent of geological configurations, combining both natural and artificial elements into a hybrid language. The network of tendril-like formations constituting the project's ground floor double as hydropower storage units and public spaces, which have the potential to branch out of the site and acquire an urban dimension."

Course: BArch, second year, 2017 Studio: Architectural Design Studio 3 Email: golotc@rpi.edu Tutor: Stefano Passeri

Botanical Library for Endangered Plants by Renwen "Annie" Yu

"This library proposal is located on the East River waterfront in Long Island City, New York, on the site of Steven Holl's recently completed Hunter's Point Library. It reconsiders the function of a library in contemporary society and, rather than primarily storing books, serves as a botanical archive designed to educate visitors about plant species that are at risk of extinction due to climate change.

"The project also reconsiders the image of a library, with its form and aesthetics derived from 'glitched', projected images of OMA's Seattle Public Library. The facade is an exploration of colour and complexity, realised via full-scale 3D-printed panels."

Course: BArch, third year, 2020 Studio: Integrated Design Schematic Studio Email: yur2@rpi.edu Tutor: Adam Dayem

Museum of Science Fiction & Speculative Media by Ayesha Ayesha

"Science fiction tells us about the world we live in by exploring the present through images of the future. In this way, it serves a critical function. Apocalyptic visions, utopian futures and social experiments are all familiar scenarios found in this multilayered and complex genre.

"The Museum of Science Fiction & Speculative Media, located at 57 State St Albany, New York, is an elaborate shrine dedicated to science fiction. This referential mass contains a series of gallery spaces, exhibiting a robust timeline of the genre supported by a theater and performance space, media research labs, administrative offices and retail spaces."


Course: third-year BArch, 2018 Studio: Integrated Design Schematic Studio 
Email: ayesha@rpi.edu Tutor: Matthew Lopez

Expo '51 Detroit by Cody Seipp

"This project imagines a world in which Amazon began orchestrating a redevelopment plan for Detroit in 2018. The revamped image of the city centres around Amazon's new headquarters, while rejecting cars in favour of a public transport system and pedestrian walkways.

"The urban overhaul would conclude with Expo '51, an international exhibition welcoming works by celebrity architects to increase tourism and give Detroit a global presence. As such, this project seeks to engage with the ongoing tension between architecture and capital, public and private use, civic and corporate space."

Course: fifth-year BArch, 2018 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio Email: cdseipp@gmail.com Tutor: Chris Perry

Intimatopia by Mincong Huang

"Intimatopia explores how the increasing speed of cultural production and bifurcation can disrupt existing urban fabrics, in the hope of ultimately fostering a new sense of togetherness. Clustered habitats are injected into the cityscape and interconnected through synchronised electronic drum beats, reminiscent of the emergent collectivity of the 1980s.

"Yet, through this constant shape-shifting, it becomes apparent that togetherness dissolves into each and every one of us. Through the agency of our bodies, it has become impossible to capture our culture in the built environment. This stability has long been forgotten and what unites us as a community is also what inspired the forgetting in the first place. Sounds and rhythms are the only monuments that communicate and reverberate togetherness across the new cityscape."

Course: fifth-year BArch, 2018-19 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio Email: huangm5@rpi.edu Tutor: Carla Leitao

Power – After the Flame by Varun Chillara

"Politics and power in architecture have reemerged as prominent topics in the last decade and the increasing instability of international political structures has correspondingly influenced the built environment.

"Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984, and will again host the Olympic Games in 2028. However, when they come to a close and the flame is extinguished, what will become of these venues? This project charts the interaction between different social and technological scenarios at varying scales from the city to the individual, so we can identify obvious but latent conditions that continue to affect today's city."

Course: fifth-year BArch, 2017-18 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio Email: varunkamesh22@gmail.com Tutor: Brian De Luna

Beyond Ornament: Transforming the Mundane & Overlooked by Claire Liu


"The advent of digital technologies in architecture has opened up new possibilities for design. With the tools at our disposal today, ornaments can be pushed into unexplored territory by assembling them in a new way.

"Through excessive use, ornaments lose their decorative character and become something new. In order to push beyond the decorative, this project investigates the representational and functional dimensions of ornamentation in architecture. Through exploring excessiveness, a new artefact emerges based on the typology of a motel on Route 66."


Course: fifth-year BArch, 2017-18 Studio: Final Project Design Research Seminar & Studio 
Email: lliuj18@gmail.com Tutor: William Virgil

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