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iturbide · 5 years ago

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@cianidix replied to your post:

The more you talk about this, the more I want to read it! Edgeworth-centric and also more Edgeworth-Maya interactions, ahhhhh. I’m also sooo interested in reading about how the relationship falls apart and how they (hopefully, maybe, I don’t believe Feenie is actually dead here… right??? Q_Q) eventually make better or move on and just- ahhhh I wish this fic was here already (if you get back to it)

(Trucy still exists, right? Even tho Wright wasn’t disbarred, right???)

Of course Trucy still exists I could never write her out of existence she’s too precious of a child to not be around in some way shape or form (and there’s nothing to say that Nick won’t end up with her at some point in the future, anyway -- he could always use another kid or two, and I think we all know it). Interestingly enough, though, one of my other big works was an AA4-compliant piece, also Edgeworth-centric, that involved a lot of Edgeworth-Trucy interactions because Trucy’s a part of Phoenix’s life now, and if he wants to have any part in it himself Edgeworth has to get along with the adopted daughter. It actually had a decent chunk of words in it, too (around 12k -- it’s the second excerpt from the link in the last post).

But in all honesty people getting excited about my stories gets me excited about those stories and since I still don’t know when I’m going to get around to writing the whole thing out, what’s the harm in dropping the summary?

Gonna give this another shot and Tumblr’s not gonna eat it this time mark my words

A couple notes before we get into things:

OCs are fair game in Ace Attorney as far as I’m concerned, and we’re certainly going to have a host of them. From the prosecutor on the case to all of those involved, I’ll be making a whole cast and crew to back this story up, and if I can manage it there will be absolutely terrible puns, because that just seems to be how AA games operate.

Lana Skye is hands down one of my absolute favorite characters in the series, and it’s a crime that they only put her into one bonus case and put her in prison at the end of it. For all of my continuities, I completely write out SL-9 as a case: Joe Darke never escaped his cell, Lana got into the prosecutor’s office and became chief by virtue of her own talents, and both the prosecutor’s office and the police department have cowboys running around.

I have a fairly non-standard view of Phoenix as a person, just based on everything I remember seeing in fandom back when I was more active. For instance: I love the fact that he was an art student, but I’ve always specifically thought he was aiming to be an actor and had a thing for Shakespeare; frankly, the ad libbing that has to go into acting when something goes wrong explains so much for me where Nick’s bluffing is concerned (when a man interrogates a parrot, you know he has a weird history). Unrelated but still relevant to that point, I think he’s actually a decent pianist and took lessons through most of his childhood and adolescence -- but he’s a classical pianist by training and not great at playing by ear, so people just think he sucks because he botches any modern tunes. So if you see something that seems Weird compared to fandom’s general take, just know that it probably has backstory.

So with all that in mind, let’s dive in.

In true Ace Attorney fashion, the whole thing starts with a cold open. As he finishes up the last of the paperwork associated with the case he wrapped up that afternoon, Phoenix gets a call from a familiar number, and though he dreads the conversation to come he answers anyway, refusing an offer to meet and saying that he can’t do this anymore before someone enters the inner office. He insists that they’re closed as he turns toward the door, and a voice replies that this won’t take long -- and then there’s gunshots. And then nothing.

The next morning, Maya is understandably shocked and horrified to arrive at the office and find that it’s once again a crime scene: bullet holes in the windows, blood on the floor, police everywhere...but no sign of Nick. Gumshoe is on the scene, though, and after a lot of badgering, he reveals that there’s been no sign of Phoenix, but the police are operating under the assumption that he’s dead -- and they’ve already arrested a suspect. Maya can’t imagine who would want to hurt Phoenix, and hearing that it’s Miles Edgeworth they’ve imprisoned just makes the whole thing feel that much more surreal. Sure, Nick and Edgeworth have had their disagreements --- including one the day before, in the recesses of their trial, and Phoenix had seemed really upset after that -- but she didn’t think it was something worth killing over.

But she’s still hurt, and reeling from the morning’s news. So her first order of business is to march down to the Detention Center to confront him. Edgeworth is...not surprised to see her, given the circumstances -- but when she demands to know why he did it, he insists that he’s innocent: he would never harm Wright, no matter the circumstances. As much as Maya wants to believe that, though, the fact that he doesn’t seem upset by Nick’s supposed death so much as the accusation that he had a hand in it rubs her wrong, and despite herself she can’t help but wonder if he did have some role in it; regardless, she still goes everywhere she can think of in hopes that there was a mistake, that Nick is okay after all, collecting evidence with every stop...but as it gets later, when there’s still no sign of him, she and Pearl return to the Detention Center.

With no defense counsel, Edgeworth is almost guaranteed to go to prison...but at Pearl’s urging, Maya steps up and offers to defend him, since she recently passed the bar and got her badge. She spends the rest of the evening doing her best to cobble together a case based on what little information she has, and reports to the courthouse the next morning for her very first trial as a defense attorney.

Her first case, and Nick isn’t even there to see it. She didn’t think it could hurt any worse.

Before they’re called into the courtroom, the defense gets a surprise visitor: chief prosecutor Lana Skye, come to deliver case notes and evidence files. Maya barely gets time enough to leaf through them before they’re called into the courtroom to start the trial, where she finds herself facing the rising star from the prosecutor’s office: Gayle Huntington, a young woman who counts Chief Prosecutor Skye as her inspiration and who is excited to add another guilty verdict to her record, in spite of (or perhaps because of) the fact that one of her fellow prosecutors stands accused.

The prosecution declares it a crime of passion, and presents their theory of the case: following a heated confrontation outside the courtroom, Miles Edgeworth called Phoenix Wright to arrange a meeting. While he may have intended only to put an end to the argument, tempers flared, and in a fit of rage the defendant shot the victim three times before dragging the body down to the street and driving it off to be disposed of at another location. Their evidence includes the blood found at the scene, which matches Phoenix based on forensic testing; three bullet holes in the office window, though no slugs or casings were found at or around the office despite an extensive search with metal detectors; Edgeworth’s phone, which shows that the last call before he contacted 911 was made to Wright’s number; and a handgun found at the scene which shows evidence of recent firing, though no magazine was found in it.

Over the first day of testimony, Maya manages to shred the prosecution’s case based on that chain of events:

The gun, as it happens, belonged to Phoenix himself. One of the documents the chief prosecutor provided to the defense was a photocopy of a sign-in sheet for a local gun range, which not only has Nick’s signature on it, but included a copy of his firearm registration and permit, which was for the exact make, model, and serial number as the purported murder weapon. Lana Skye herself is called to the stand, as her name also appears on the sign-in, and she testifies that after court the previous day she happened across Wright at the range and they talked a bit; he said that he needed to blow off a bit of steam before going back to his paperwork, and she clearly recalls that he did not clean his weapon before leaving, instead saying that he would do so after he went home since his cleaning kit was there. On closer examination, it's discovered that while the weapon has mostly been wiped clean, the trigger was not, and a partial print matching Phoenix is recovered.

On calling Edgeworth himself to the stand, he admits that he did contact Phoenix late in the evening in the hopes of resolving the argument from that afternoon; however, he was across townpicking up his car from the repair shop when he made that call, and when he heard what sounded like a shot before the call cut out he immediately drove to the office where he found the blood trail leading to the curb. Cell tower records do, in fact, confirm that he was far from the defense attorney’s office when the call was made, and based on the time of his calls to both Phoenix and 911, there was far too narrow of a window to dispose of the body.

The next revelation comes with the filing of a new piece of evidence, courtesy of a frantic Gumshoe bursting into court and taking the stand. The police, in their search of likely dumping grounds for a body, dredged something out of the river that seems to confirm that they have a murder on their hands: a blue suit coat with three apparent bullet holes in the back...and Phoenix’s badge still affixed to the lapel. What little blood evidence they were able to collect matches Phoenix, as well.

For all that this is a stunning (and devastating) revelation, it brings with it yet more to undermine the prosecution’s case: namely the bullet evidence. When placed on a mannequin, even coupled with the knowledge that Phoenix left his suit jacket unbuttoned while working in the office, the placement of the bullet holes in the back would require that there be associated entry points in the front -- which do not exist. Maya draws the logical conclusion, then, that the shots must have been fired from outside the office -- through the window, and the reason no slugs or casings were found was because the shots weren’t fired from inside the office, and the bullets were still in the victim.

Despite the upset in court, the prosecution refuses to budge, and the Judge refuses to declare a Not Guilty verdict. Court adjourns for the day instead, and Maya heads out to continue her investigation. Making her way to the Gatewater Hotel, she manages to get information on who was staying in the room across from the office: four members of a jazz band in town for a show, who insist that they’re the only ones who have been in the room and that they were setting up for a performance on the night of the crime. Though she doesn’t know them herself, she hears vague rumors that they have a fifth member who’s been in some ‘legal trouble.’ When Maya relates the name to Edgeworth, he remarks that it seems somehow familiar, though he can’t quite place why. She also gets the prosecutor’s repair records and goes to check out the rental company he used while his car was in the shop, which nets her a copy of the damage and condition checklist the agent filled out when Edgeworth brought the car back.

While Maya has the case to occupy her mind, Miles has no such means of escaping his own thoughts in his prison cell. Between the confirmation that the jacket does, in fact, belong to Phoenix (something he had tried to deny at first, hoping that the coat was a look-alike and the badge stolen, only to have that possibility dashed by the presence of Wright’s initials on the underside of the tag) and the relative isolation in the detention center, he’s had ample time to think over how things had been with Phoenix -- including how he, himself, had been with the defense attorney...and he’s forced to face some very hard truths about his behavior toward someone he cares about far more than he wanted to believe.

With the start of the second day in court, the prosecution has changed its theory of the crime, but not its perpetrator: rather than committing the crime alone, Edgeworth had an accomplice, and his call to Wright was a ploy to get him into firing range while the shooter waited in the hotel for his chance. Leaving his rental car in front of the defense attorney’s office, he picked up his usual vehicle and upon arriving at the crime scene helped his accomplice load the body into the getaway car for disposal while he made a call to police. Their evidence comes from photos of the rental vehicle in question, which show damage not reported on the return checklist, as well as blood evidence taken from the trunk which matches Phoenix.

Once again, Maya tears through the prosecution’s case piece by piece:

The damage in the evidence photos compared to the rental return form make for the first order of business. On calling the man who signed off on Edgeworth’s car to the stand -- an amiable but nervous young Latine by the name of Novi Nada -- they swear up and down that the damage in the photos absolutely was not present when they checked the car in on the night of the crime. (In true Ace Attorney form, this gets somewhat ridiculous, as this witness lapses into Spanish when especially nervous; when pressed, they insist “no vi nada” -- I didn’t see anything -- to which the Judge responds “yes we know your name now what did you see?”)

Sensor data from the rental lot finally confirms the agent’s version of events, where the car is registered as driving onto the lot shortly before the time marked on the inspection form; more importantly, it also recorded the car being driven off the lot and then back on much later. Unfortunately, there is no additional inspection form, nor a record of who rented the car after Edgeworth, and therefore no record of who might have been involved.

Edgeworth is recalled to the stand to revisit his testimony, and he adds another key detail: while it was a sound that he took to be gunfire that sent him to the defense attorney’s office, Wright had said something strange during the call, mentioning that the office was closed -- as though he was speaking to someone else that had just arrived moments before the shots sounded and the call cut out.

Neither the defense’s office complex nor the Gatewater Hotel have video surveillance of the street; however, the Gatewater does take video of the lobby, which shows one of the four band members leaving around an hour before the crime occurred, two more leaving minutes before the shooting, and the last rushing through the lobby with a trombone case under his arm; notably, he’s the only one of the four to actually take his instrument when he left, as the others were all empty-handed. Most importantly, though, the video proves that no one else left the hotel between the time of the shooting and the time that the police started arriving, which calls into question the notion of an accomplice helping Miles dispose of the body.

This, however, provides the prosecution with a shiny new theory: that Miles hired the band to act as hitmen while he kept his hands clean. As it turns out, the reason the band name seemed familiar to him was because he was set to prosecute the fifth member of their group after his case against Phoenix wrapped up; the prosecutor posits that Miles promised to go easy on their incarcerated bandmate if they took out the defense attorney.

This is a damning accusation, and Maya has no ready response. The Judge adjourns the court for the day, and the defense scrambles to come up with a way to prove that Edgeworth had no part in what happened and place the blame on the truly guilty. She returns to the rental company and, while interviewing Novi further, finds out that the fifth bandmate has a sibling that works at the same agency. She also returns to the Gatewater to speak with the band, and notices that the trombone case in the room doesn’t look like the one from the lobby video. When asked, they say that the old case got lost...which seems odd to her, since the trombone itself is still there and doesn’t appear damaged.

While Maya looks deeper into the band, she reaches out to Miles for insight into the case he was supposed to prosecute. The fifth band member had been taken into custody on suspicion of murder, and while he suspected that the man did not commit the crime alone, he hadn’t yet been able to prove that when all this happened. For the first time, though, Maya starts to see real anger in the prosecutor -- not because these people dragged his good name through the mud with this set-up, but apparently because Phoenix’s blood is on their hands, and he can’t abide the thought of them getting away. He readily gives her access to his office for the other case file (which Chief Prosecutor Skye secures for her) so that she can use it in establishing her own case.

Despite her best efforts, though, Maya simply can’t pull together enough solid evidence to prove that Miles didn’t have a hand in the crime -- and without proof of his innocence, the court intends to find him guilty. But before the judge can hand down his verdict, the courtroom doors open, and a strident Objection! rises from the back of the room...and who should come limping up to the witness stand but Phoenix Wright himself.

The courtroom goes absolutely wild about this.

Understandably, the judge calls for a recess, and before the prosecution can drag him off to prep him for testimony Maya and Edgeworth at least get a minute with him. As it turns out, Maya had forgotten her phone that morning, and Pearl grabbed it for her; just as they were called into court, though, it rang, and Pearl stayed behind to answer -- only to be shocked to hear Mister Nick’s voice on the other end, at which point she rushed off to beg Mister Scruffy Detective to take her to get the defense attorney from the hospital where he’d been for the past few days as a ‘John Doe’ (since he had no ID on him when he was brought in). Maya is overwhelmed to see him alive, if worse for the wear, and Edgeworth…

...he can’t even find words for the feeling.

The celebration is shortlived, though, as Phoenix is dragged off to the witness lobby in short order to prep him for testimony. For all that the prosecution seems to believe he’ll help them, though, Nick gives them absolutely nothing, and instead confirms that he received a call from Edgeworth that evening, and while they were on the phone two strangers came into the office just before he was shot. They dragged him down to the street and threw him in the trunk of a car, then drove to the river and threw him in; most importantly, though, he remembers one of them asking what to do with the case, and another saying they would dump it at the club where it would blend right in; police are immediately dispatched there and find a bloody trombone case (since they’d thrown it into the trunk before loading Nick in) with a rifle inside.

The motive? Everyone knows the Demon Prosecutor’s reputation, and they knew that they’d all go down if he tried the case on their buddy. The enmity between prosecutors and defense attorneys is well known, though, and in particular they knew that Wright had broken Edgeworth’s old record and it had never recovered; they figured it would be easy to frame him for the murder with the right set-up. They had a small window of opportunity while Wright and Edgeworth worked through their trial, and they used it to put all their pieces in place, expecting that Edgeworth would go down and they’d all get off when a less competent prosecutor inevitably got their friend’s case. Clearly, though, that backfired on them: they’re all taken away, and Edgeworth is declared Not Guilty. Cue fanfare and confetti!

...and that’s where the fallout begins.

While Miles is taken to get things squared away with his release from detention, Phoenix is taken back to the hospital because honestly he should not have left in the first place. The man was admitted with a collapsed lung. It’s frankly a wonder he even managed to stand, let alone raise that objection. His recovery takes a while, and Maya and Pearl are frequent visitors...but so is Miles, much to his surprise. Only it’s not a good surprise for him, given what he��d been planning to say on the night he got shot. Things feel awkward, and all the more for how Miles is acting...different. Not like his usual self. Phoenix doesn’t know what it is or if he likes it, but he’s too tired to complain since it’s not bothering him, and visiting hours are relatively short since the prosecutor is still working cases.

Given what happened to him, though, the doctor recommends that Phoenix should stay with someone once he’s discharged: his condition, while improved, could deteriorate rapidly if something happens, so it’s imperative to have someone else around in case of an emergency. Maya and Pearl are still going back and forth between the city and Kurain semi-frequently, though, and he wouldn’t want to impose on them, especially since Pearls has been thinking about attending school in the city rather than just getting her medium training...but though he doesn’t even consider Edgeworth as a possibility, the prosecutor immediately volunteers when he hears: he has more than enough vacation time accrued and the chief prosecutor hounds him regularly about needing to take some, so he can be on hand for whatever Wright might need.

This does not, in fact, reassure Phoenix.

It’s okay enough at first, if only because Nick is just too tired and hurts too much to think about it or care about much beyond finding a comfortable position to sleep in and figuring out how to breathe without it making his chest feel like it’s full of broken glass. But as he starts improving, the tension slowly ratchets up, because Phoenix still doesn’t understand why Miles volunteered for this and the only possible explanations he can think of aren’t really good (most involve having him in the prosecutor’s debt, which is not what he wants). Miles, meanwhile, isn’t aware of this tension at first...but gradually he becomes more and more aware of the silence around Phoenix. It was understandable at first, because he was fresh out of the hospital and still recovering, but the longer it goes on the more noticeable it becomes, and he knows it means something but he doesn’t know what to do about it.

Eventually, though, it all does come out, because Miles finally broaches the subject of his own accord by asking Phoenix what he’d been planning to say that night: he’d said he can’t do “this” anymore, but he never said what “this” is. And even though he’s aware that nothing is likely to cme of it, Phoenix explains exactly what his problem is and has been for so long: the one-sided relationship where he’s the one doing all the work and making all the concessions and getting none of his own needs met in return. It’s exhausting, and he can’t do it anymore. And rather than fighting or arguing the point, Miles -- who has never had a relationship like this before -- asks what needs Phoenix has, and how can he meet them. He concedes the point, he admits that he’s been in the wrong and needs to change, and asks for help figuring out where to start -- because he came so close this time to losing Phoenix permanently, and that realization scares him more than he can say.

Phoenix is pretty well dumbstruck. But he recognizes, too, that this isn’t easy for Miles. He’s reaching out, he’s trying...and even though Nick had intended to cut his losses that night in his office before everything went so wrong, he decides to give this one last shot.

And when Miles listens to what he says, and actively responds and adjusts...he can’t help hoping that this turnabout will end up well.

#replies #cianidix #ace attorney #fanfiction #crime of passion #i wrote the whole thing out in a doc this time so there tumblr #only downside is that i had to go through and manually add formatting again #but that's a small price to pay for not losing my whole summary #also yes i promise that things eventually work out with them #communication is good okay and edgeworth learns this lesson the hard way #but he's able to save the ship before it sinks #and slowly he starts to really gain phoenix's trust #the relationship they end up with is so near and dear to my heart #but this is definitely my magnum opus for the ace attorney fandom #i seem to have one for every fandom i engage in #at present i have five total #it'll be six if i can ever figure out which of the 3h ones is my crowning achievement

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emmamiri8 · 5 years ago

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How Can a Speech Therapist In Dubai Help With Your Speech Disorders?

Speech is the way toward producing explicit sounds that pass on meaning to the audience. A speech issue alludes to any condition that influences an individual's capacity to deliver sounds that make words.

Speech is one of the main manners by which individuals convey their musings, feelings, and thoughts with others. The demonstration of speaking requires the exact coordination of numerous body parts, including the head, neck, chest, and guts.

In this article, we investigate what speech issue is and the various kinds. We additionally spread the manifestations, causes, conclusion, and treatment of speech issues.

What is a speech issue?

Speech issue influences an individual's capacity to shape the sounds that enable them to speak with other individuals. They are not equivalent to language issues.

Speech issue keeps individuals from forming right speech sounds, while language issue influences an individual's capacity to learn words or understand what others state to them.

Be that as it may, both speech and language issues can make it progressively hard for an individual to express their musings and feelings to other people.

Types

Speech issues can influence individuals everything being equal.

A few kinds of speech issues include stuttering, apraxia, and dysarthria. We talk about every one of these sorts underneath:

Stuttering

Stuttering alludes to a speech issue that interrupts the progression of speech. Individuals who falter can encounter the following kinds of disturbance:

Redundancies happen when individuals involuntarily rehash sounds, vowels, or words.

Squares happen when individuals realize what they need to state however experience issues making the important speech sounds. Squares may make somebody feel just as their words are trapped.

Prolongations allude to the stretching or drawing out of specific sounds or words.

The indications of stuttering can fluctuate depending on the circumstance. Stress, fervor, or disappointment can cause stuttering to turn out to be progressively serious. A few people may likewise find that certain words or sounds can make a falter progressively articulated.

Stuttering can cause both social and physical side effects that happen simultaneously. These can include:

pressure in the face and shoulders

quick blinking

lip tremors

grasped clench hands

unexpected head developments

There are two main sorts of stuttering:

Formative stuttering influences small kids who are as yet learning speech and language abilities. Hereditary factors fundamentally increase an individual's probability of developing this sort of falter.

Neurogenic stuttering happens when harm to the brain averts appropriate coordination between the various areas of the brain that assume a job in speech.

The most effective method to stop or diminish a stammer

Stuttering is one sort of speech issue. Here, we present some brisk tips on the most proficient method to diminish or forestall stuttering.

Apraxia

The brain controls each and every activity that individuals make, including speaking. The majority of the brain's involvement in speech is oblivious and programmed.

At the point when somebody chooses to talk, the brain sends a sign to the various structures of the body that work together to deliver a speech. The brain instructs these structures on how and when to move to frame the proper sounds.

For instance, this speech signs open or close the vocal lines, move the tongue and shape the lips, and control the development of air through the throat and mouth.

Apraxia is a general term referring to brain harm that disables an individual's engine abilities, and it can influence any piece of the body. Apraxia of speech, or verbal apraxia, alludes explicitly to the disability of engine aptitudes that influence an individual's capacity to frame the hints of speech effectively, in any event, when they realize which words they need to state.

Dysarthria

Dysarthria happens when harm to the brain causes muscle shortcoming in an individual's face, lips, tongue, throat, or chest. Muscle shortcoming in these pieces of the body can make speaking extremely troublesome.

Individuals who have dysarthria may encounter the following side effects:

slurred speech

mumbling

speaking too gradually or too rapidly

delicate or calm speech

trouble moving the mouth or tongue

Side effects

The side effects of speech issue change broadly depending on the reason and seriousness of the confusion. Individuals can build up numerous speech issues with various side effects.

Individuals with at least one speech issue may encounter the following manifestations:

repeating or prolonging sounds

distorting sounds

adding sounds or syllables to words

rearranging syllables

having trouble pronouncing words effectively

struggling to state the right word or sound

speaking with a dry or rough voice

speaking delicately

Causes

Reasons for the speech issue can include:

brain harm because of a stroke or head injury

muscle shortcoming

harmed vocal strings

a degenerative sickness, for example, Huntington's malady, Parkinson's illness, or amyotrophic parallel sclerosis

dementia

malignancy that influences the mouth or throat

chemical imbalance

Down disorder

hearing misfortune

Hazard factors that can increase the probability of an individual developing a speech issue include:

being male

being conceived rashly

having a low weight during childbirth

having a family ancestry of speech issue

experiencing issues that influence the ears, nose, or throat

Conclusion

A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is a human services proficient who represents considerable authority in speech and language issues.

An SLP will assess an individual for gatherings of side effects that indicate one kind of speech issue. To make an exact finding, SLPs need to preclude other speech and language issues and ailments.

A speech therapist in Dubai will audit an individual's medicinal and family ancestry. They will likewise examine how an individual moves their lips, jaw, and tongue and may inspect the muscles of the mouth and throat.

Different techniques for evaluating speech issue include:

Denver explanation screening examination. This test assesses the lucidity of an individual's articulation.

Prosody-voice screening profile. SLPs utilize this test to examine various parts of an individual's speech, including pitch, phrasing, speech examples, and speaking volume.

Dynamic assessment of engine speech abilities (DEMSS) manual. The DEMSS is an extensive guide for helping SLPs analyze speech issues.

Treatment

The sort of treatment will regularly rely upon the seriousness of the speech issue and its underlying reason.

Treatment alternatives can include:

Speech and language therapy Dubai practices that emphasis on building commonality with certain words or sounds. Physical practices that attention on strengthening the muscles that produce speech sounds.

We examine a portion of the treatment alternatives for speech issue underneath:

Target determination

Target determination involves an individual practicing explicit sounds or words to acquaint themselves with specific speech designs. Instances of therapy targets may include troublesome words or sounds that trigger speech disturbances.

Relevant usage

For this methodology, SLPs encourage individuals to perceive speech sounds in various syllable-based settings.

Differentiation therapy

Differentiation therapy involves saying word matches that contain at least one diverse speech sounds. A model word pair may be "beat" and "feet" or "batter" and "show."

Oral-engine therapy

The oral-engine therapy approach centers on improving muscle quality, engine control, and breath control. These activities can assist individuals with developing familiarity, which produces smoother speech that sounds increasingly common.

Ear gadget

Ear gadgets are little electronic guides that fit inside the ear waterway. These gadgets can help improve familiarity with individuals who have a stammer.

Some ear gadgets replay modified variants of the wearer's voice to cause it to appear just as another person is speaking with them. Other ear gadgets produce a commotion that helps control stuttering.

Drug

Some speech issues can make individuals create nervousness issues. Unpleasant circumstances can trigger uneasiness, resulting in progressively articulated speech issue side effects. Uneasiness meds may help decrease the side effects of speech issues in certain individuals.

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azveille · 6 years ago

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How AI Is Revolutionizing Drug Discovery

Among the business processes most in need of reform, drug discovery likely is near the top of the list. The average cost to bring a new drug to market is $2.6 billion—and the average time it takes is 10 years. Researchers have been trying to accelerate drug discovery with computers for decades, with limited success.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is exhibiting real promise. By finding the best drug candidates, shedding new light on disease and crunching an unprecedented amount of patient data, AI is revolutionizing drug development from start to finish.

Big data strategies deploying AI capabilities, such as predictive modeling and analysis of sensor data, could generate up to $100 billion in value annually across the U.S. healthcare system, according to McKinsey. Most pharma companies already have an AI program in place. A study by Carnegie Mellon and a German university suggests AI could lower their discovery costs by 70%.

Here are some of the ways AI is making a big difference in finding and testing new drugs.

Zeroing In On Winners

With its mind-boggling number-crunching ability, AI can evaluate potential drug candidates exponentially faster and better than humans. It does so with artificial neural networks, which mimic the human brain in recognizing patterns and adapting to change, but take in and process far more information than our brains could ever handle.

Judging a potential drug candidate involves examining billions of data points in a thousand or more data types, says Andrew A. Radin, the CEO of AI-driven drug discovery company twoXAR.

Computational neural networks are ideal for unearthing those possibilities that stand the best chance of working, including some that scientists may not have considered.

A number of the tests that researchers carry out on drug candidates still use biochemical assays. More recently, researchers developed a method that exposes cells representative of a specific disease to many drug candidates simultaneously. A high-quality camera observes these assays, collecting thousands of images of the cells and documenting their reaction to the drug candidates. This method is called high-content screening (HCS).

The analysis of these images was initially a more manual process. Eventually researchers began using computers to extract features from images of the cells in the HCS assay to develop a classification system for assessing drug candidate performance. But that process remained time-consuming.

“When you’re looking at thousands and thousands of cancer cells, it’s daunting,” says Michael McManus, principal engineer and senior health and life sciences solution architect at Intel. “Allowing neural networks to do the work is far faster and improves accuracy.”

Of course, neural networks need to be trained in what to look for before they begin their jobs. But faster data processing is speeding up that task, too. A neural network that Novartis and Intel developed reduces the time required to train an AI system on the images from the HCS process from 11 hours to just31 minutes.

Speed and accuracy are critical factors in drug development, where a mere14% of candidates emerge from the exhaustive testing process to gain FDA approval.

Just getting from an initial idea to the start of the animal-testing phase typically takes four to six years, Radin noted. Using AI to zero in on the right compounds has allowed twoXAR to reduce that time to about three months.

“Traditionally, you’d test a hundred compounds, and after taking on a sizable team and spend, you might get one or two that show efficacy,” he says. “We test 10 drugs and three will show signs of efficacy. We do it all computationally.”

AI also frees scientists from choosing which kinds of information to study, thereby reducing bias.

“Software has no opinions, and it’s not emotional,” Radin says.

Defining The Enemy

In parallel with identifying strong drug candidates, scientists create a 3D model of the disease protein the drug candidates are designed to fight. The 3D model is used to perform molecular dynamics and “docking” studies to further evaluate the drug candidates. Achieving a 3D model of the diseased protein has, however, traditionally taken place via crystallography, in which scientists grow crystals of the disease protein and elucidate its structure using X-rays. Unfortunately, not all proteins can be crystallized—and even when they can be, the process can take years, McManus says.

Over the past several years, scientists have started using a new Nobel prize-winning process called cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), which can shorten the process of obtaining a 3D model of the disease protein from years to weeks.

Rather than growing crystals, researchers chill a solution of the disease protein to produce a nearly frozen solution containing lots of protein particles. These particles represent the disease protein in random orientations in the solution. A software algorithm picks the best particles for targeting with the electron beam of the electron microscope. Once the protein particles are selected and bombarded, the electron microscope collects terabytes of images. Other software algorithms, some using AI, then analyze these images to create a detailed 3D model of the disease protein. With the 3D model in hand, researchers can use computers to further study the interaction of the drug candidates with the disease protein.

During the recent Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, scientists used cryo-EM to create a high-resolution 3D image of the virus within months, giving them a powerful tool in the search for a treatment.

Learning More From Patients

Once researchers have a strong drug candidate that fits a disease, they move on to clinical trials, where AI helps in several ways.

First, by analyzing complex genomic data from patients who have the disease, AI allows researchers to select participants whose genetic profile suggests they will benefit from the drug candidate undergoing testing in the trial.

“There’s a lot of genetic diversity on Earth. Before genetic screening, some people admitted to a clinical trial may not have benefited from a drug because they may not have had the exact same protein for which the drug was created. In addition, there are other potential issues, such as toxicity. A person may have the correct protein, but their liver cannot metabolize the drug, leading to a toxic reaction,” McManus explains. “For others, the drug may have no effect. Researchers are selecting people for clinical trials with high confidence that they’ll benefit from the drugs.”

Then, once trials start, AI helps scientists collect more and better information from patients.

Traditionally, drug trial participants are required to keep a daily journal documenting drug use and symptoms, and they must periodically visit a regional medical center.

But journaling is subjective. Patients often forget to note symptoms or describe them in varying ways. In addition, trial participants don’t always show up for appointments—and may forget to mention important information when they do.

AI-based systems, such as Intel’s Pharma Analytics Platform, relieve clinical trial participants of many of their burdens while giving researchers better information.

Instead of keeping a journal and visiting a doctor far from home, patients don a wearable connected device that can measure heart rate, breathing, gait and a host of other biometric measures. Data collects in a continuous stream and securely uploads to the cloud, where it undergoes analysis to reveal disease progress and measure the drug’s effectiveness in combating the disease.

By providing objective data and analyzing it in vast quantities, AI can reduce the cost of trials and speed time to market for new drugs. It also helps researchers learn more about how drugs are metabolized. In addition, these wearable devices let trial physicians learn about unintended adverse reactions to the drug far quicker than they would if they waited for the patients to visit the doctor again.

Israeli pharma company Teva used the Intel Pharma Analytics platform to develop a method of analyzing data from patients with Huntington’s disease, a neurological disorder that causes motor problems. In a phase 2 clinical trial, accelerometers and gyroscopes recorded the patients’ body movements. Algorithms were developed to measure the severity of chorea of the upper limbs—a condition involving involuntary jerky motions, especially in the shoulders, hips and face. This taught researchers more about the progress of the disease and the trial drug’s effect on it.

“A clinical trial is not just about the drug candidate,” McManus says. “It’s about both the positive and negative impacts of that drug candidate on the body. Today, we can get a better sense of those impacts through wearables.”

From finding promising drug candidates to creating disease-fighting models and running better clinical trials, AI is transforming the entire drug discovery process. As data accumulates, this young technology is bound to develop still more ways to improve drugs and get them—more quickly—to the people who need them.

Teresa Meek lives and works in Seattle. With over 15 years of experience in communications, she has also written for the Miami Herald and Newsday.

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nikkifenn07 · 6 years ago

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How to Start Your Own CBD Business Without Any Sales Experience

Cannabidiol, or more commonly referred to as CBD, is arguably the hottest commodity in present time across the global market. CBD is extracted from cannabis plant, yet it has noticeable difference in chemical properties from another popular cannabis product called Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In simple words, CBD is the substance that does not introduce any psychotic disturbance to the body; it does not get you “high” and is used primarily for medical purposes although this does not limit its function as recreational drug albeit with some limitations depending on where you live.

According to CBD Century, cannabis plant has been used since ancient times in many different regions across Europe and Asia. The most popular product from the plant had always been THC, the psychoactive component of the plant, until CBD made a comeback in late 1990s. There have also been on-going studies about the potential medical purposes of CBD, and the results are promising so far. In all honesty, both THC and CBD offer more or less the same health benefits but the latter does not cause detrimental side effects commonly associated with the former for examples memory loss, increased heart rate, and coordination problems.

CBD saw a significant increase in popularity during the last decade all around the globe, while THC slowly comes to a decline at the same time. Positive effects of CBD were initially supported simply by anecdotal accounts but continuous scientific research from reputable organizations has given a boost in adoption rate by the medical world. Therefore starting a CBD business has never been easier, either. It is believed that CBD is helpful in treating various health conditions including but not limited to:

Alzheimer’s disease-Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic

Anxiety-Reduction of restlessness, social anxiety, and concentration problem

Cancer-Anti-invasive actions in various types of cancer types

Cardiovascular diseases-Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties

Depression-Anti-depressant

Huntington’s disease-Antioxidant and Neuro-protective

Inflammatory diseases-Anti-inflammatory properties

Multiple sclerosis-Anti-inflammatory properties.

Nausea-Nausea suppressant

Pain-Analgesic in patients with neuropathic pain

Parkinson’s disease-Neuro-protection, reduction of agitation and aggressive behavior

Psychosis-Anti-psychotic properties

A pre-review report published by World Health Organization (WHO) on CBD, particularly about its medicinal properties and dependency potential in October 2017 suggested that the substance had been proven effective for treatment of epilepsy in several clinical trials. A lot of other benefits, among them are mentioned above, are still in testing phase mostly on animals.

That being said, CBD has strong indications to introduce positive effects to improve a wide range of health conditions thanks to its anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, and therapeutic properties. Regarding CBD dependence potential, no case report of abuse was found. Even better, there has been no public health related problem associated with the use of pure CBD as of October 2017.

Legality Issues

Several countries have changed its national policies regarding controlled substances to include CBD as medical product. Aggressive and on-going campaign to promote the legality status of CBD has managed to win strong approval from medical communities, public at large, and government bodies. The debate is still happening, but things do look good so far for CBD. Some countries where CBD has been legalized include:

• United Kingdom: the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) released a statement in 2016 to categorize products containing CBD as medicine. They are all subjects to standard licensing requirements.

• United States: according to Vice, there is ambiguity surrounding the legality of CBD in the U.S. Despite the less-than-definitive bills, anyone in the country can purchase CBD oil online without issues right now. At least 40 states have passed the bill to authorize pilot programs in which cultivation is allowed for research by state department of agriculture and universities.

• Canada: the legislation passed in 2016 by Canadian government addressed not only the legality of CBD but also cannabis plant in general for medicinal purposes. The legislation was written to improve access to the previously controlled substances.

• New Zealand: by the end of 2017, CBD products became easier to access for medical use. The rule applies only to products containing less than 2% CBD.

• Switzerland: because CBD does not produce any psychotic effect, it is completely legal in the country. Standard legislation still applies to CBD.

The laws governing CBD in all countries are always subject to change. Considering the fact that scientific studies as well as public opinions are leaning heavily towards CBD, it would not be surprising if more states and countries begin to legalize the substance in the near future. For those thinking of starting a CBD business, there isn’t any better time than right now.

Starting a CBD Business

While total legality remains to be seen in many countries, it is almost certain that CBD is going to see substantial increase in demand over the next decade. Current information and statistics regarding sales number and overall market projections of CBD come from the United States where there is probably the biggest market for the product. While legal stance is a constant barrier in other regions, productions keep on increasing in Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa.

According to Statista, consumer sales number is estimated to reach $1.15 billion in 2020 in U.S. alone. Hemp Business Journal projected that it would increase to $2.1 billion in global market. In case you have considered starting a CBD business of your own, CTFO is most likely the biggest chance you have available. It allows you to earn steady stream of cash from either of the following methods:

• Direct sales: all CBD products available from CTFO contain pure CBD as stated in the labels. Directions and all ingredients used for the manufacturing process of the products are clearly stated to avoid confusion among potential consumers. The labels also specify the exact amount of CBD contained in the packaging. You are allowed to market and sell every product in the way to see fit to maximize your profit.

• Referral: the easier method is to use CTFO sales platform with which you are required to generate leads or refer the business model to others through websites. The best thing is that CTFO provides the websites, contents, and updates at no cost at all. All you need to do is share the website with potential consumers and earn percentage of income from everyone who registers.

Referral model is more preferable as it requires very little sales experience (if at all) on your part. The marketing platform can be both offline (through words of mouth marketing) and online by taking advantage of social media and email newsletter. Sign up now for FREE and open the door to lifetime passive income. Since everything is free of charge and without hidden cost, you have no worries and nothing to lose in joining.

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