#How is DDT poisoning treated?

[forensicfield]

DDT Poisoning

DDT- Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DDT is one of the Organochlorine pesticides. The chemical formula of it's C14H9Cl5. It is colourless, odorless and tasteless crystaline compound. #DDT #pesticides

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[theritualofourexistence]

Clarity in the Cancellation Crusade

After posting multi-paragraph comments on a couple different things that have popped up in my feed recently, it seemed like I should probably just sit down and write this out.

“Cancel culture.” Crazy shit, right?

The recent onslaught of cancellations includes Mr. Potato Head, Pepe Le Pew, a handful of Disney movies (Peter Pan, Dumbo, The Aristocats), and *audible gasp* Dr. Seuss. The Muppets also got a newfangled Disney+ content warning, though I’ve seen significantly fewer headlines about that.

The thing that inevitably happens when the news media decides to publish a headline about a children’s toy or book being “canceled” is a veritable parade of social media complaints about how sensitive people have become. I saw this particular post over 10 times in the period of a couple hours one day last week…

The question I’ve been asking recently when I see posts like that is this: “Who do you think cancel culture is?”

Because “cancel culture” isn’t real. In the majority of the cases currently making headlines, the choice to remove a character from a movie or stop publishing a book has been made by the company responsible for that character or book… and that is very much a normal thing companies can choose to do.

No one I’ve posed the above question to has overtly mentioned “Libtards,” but it’s certainly implied. People who haven’t read a Dr. Seuss book in 20 years are now suddenly all up in arms (literally?) because “the Liberals” are coming for “And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street.”

The Liberals are not coming for Dr. Seuss. They do not care about a potato toy. Also, nothing is happening to the Cat in the Hat. I repeat: NOTHING is happening to the Cat in the Hat.

The choices to stop publishing that book and to market a vegetable toy in a less gendered way were made by the companies responsible for producing those products… not the Liberal “cancel culture” ghoul. In fact, it’s really, really hard to find public outcry about any of the things that have been recently “canceled.” There was a single NYT article that recently discussed the problematic nature of the Pepe Le Pew cartoons… that said, Warner Bros hasn’t aired that show in decades and it is not clear whether that article had anything to do with the skunk’s scene being removed from the new Space Jam movie.

Even growing up I remember things like political correctness needlessly becoming a partisan issue. When we fall into that media trap, all we’re doing is watering the plant of an already poisonous and ineffective two-party system. Be bigger than that temptation. Push back against media intended to further divide Americans. If something stinks, it’s probably rotten. Sure, there are certain topics that fall under the umbrella of political correctness that sound alarm bells for censorship issues… but didn’t everyone’s mom tell them that if they didn’t have anything nice to say, they shouldn’t say anything at all?

Again, though, the most important thing to remember about this recent wave of “canceling” is that censorship concerns are moot. A person who owns a thing is legally allowed to do all the censoring they want. It’s not the government that has decided to stop publishing 6 books written by Dr. Seuss… if it were, we could have the censorship conversation. These changes aren’t happening because there is a Democrat in the White House. They’re happening because the company who makes these products, has for whatever reason, decided to take a different approach.

In the case of the Dr. Seuss books, Dr. Seuss Enterprises re-evaluated their choice to publish 6 books based on racist themes and images. I have only heard of two of those six. The image below is, in my opinion, objectively problematic:

The fact that a major company behind such a well-known name has seen that something is problematic and has decided to stop publishing the books containing overt racist images is awesome. It sets a great example that we can all learn from. Humans have an amazing capacity to learn… that’s one of the only reasons we are in charge here on Earth. If we fall on ice once, we are often more careful on ice the next time. When we see that something is racially problematic, it’s a good thing if we can take action to get that thing out of rotation. More on that later.

Fundamentally, what is happening right now in Media Land is gross sensationalism.

“Cancel culture” isn’t real. Should people face consequences if they say or do racist things? Yes. We should all agree on that. Should we stop publishing books that perpetuate racist stereotypes? Yes. There are plenty of non-racist books that provide an education about racial differences without the added (exceedingly inappropriate) zing of Asian characters being painted yellow and African characters being given monkey features.

If you’re not convinced that some of Dr. Seuss’s material is racially problematic, I encourage you to pop on over to Google to check out the series of ads he did for FLIT in the 1930s. Yes, it was the 1930s. In the last 90 years, we’ve learned that images like that are not okay… let’s use that knowledge to let old racist graphics die.

Still can’t accept that “cancel culture” isn’t real? Still feeling like there’s something in the air now that is different and worse than before?

Okay, then, let’s consider it further.

Things have been “canceled” by people for millennia… this isn’t new. Being all for cancel culture when Colin Kaepernick kneels for the anthem (a perfectly legal form of peaceful protest considered respectful by many veterans) but opposing cancel culture when it’s threatening to eliminate an obviously racist thing is not exactly a moral stance. Burning your Nikes in the street but then turning around and spending $400 on a copy of “If I Ran the Zoo” on eBay after Dr. Seuss’s own family has pulled it from publication due to racist imagery is… silly.

The same people who seem to be so vocal about “cancel culture” now are part of the same communities who tried to cancel plenty of things in my lifetime. Things like trick-or-treating, Harry Potter, school dances, books and movies with LGBT+ characters and themes…

History absolutely bubbles over with things that have been canceled… often for good reason! Some examples that come to mind: 

DDT

the Catholic Church (see the 16th century Protestant Reformation)

doing our everyday poopin’ in outdoor holes

polio

hoop skirts

phrenology (new science cancels old science like every damn day)

Ford Pintos (not to mention cars without seatbelts)

telegrams and rotary phones (replaced by easier and better ways to communicate)

lead paint

asbestos

Four Loco

Y’all remember when we all did the ice bucket challenge to cancel Alzheimer’s?

Learning that something is problematic and moving past it is LEARNING… not cancel culture.  Learning and growth are good things. We all benefit from them.

Another thing worth commenting on from that Cat in the Hat post that circulated in my Facebook feed: why do we consistently demonize sensitivity? Racism feels like something we should all be sensitive about. If being sensitive about something results in meaningful change and a less hateful country, isn’t that… good? Why do so many Americans seem to place so much value on their “freedom” to hurt others?

And don’t get me started on comparing this stuff to Cardi B. It boggles my mind that that’s happening at all. Why is there suddenly so much outcry about one song that features female genitals in a literal ocean of songs that feature male genitals. I grew up knowing every word to songs about sex well before I even knew what sex was. Your kids are only desperate to listen to WAP because they know it makes you squeamish. And take a second to think about why it makes you squeamish. Genitals are human and scientific and we literally all have them. If you have more of a problem with WAP than with any of the other 10,000 songs about dicks and sex, you need to spend some time examining why that is.

Here’s another post I’ve seen bouncing around the social media feeds:

Something about this is just plain hilarious to me. Like what are racism and rape culture if not THE REALEST issues? This country’s problem with systemic racism runs so, so deep and is reflected very plainly in centuries of cold, hard numbers. It’s not that I *think* systemic racism is a problem. The data very clearly shows that regardless of what white people think about race in this country, systemic racism absolutely IS a problem. Racism and rape culture, arguably at the root of the most recent canceling spree, are not just real issues, they’re real American issues. They’re cultural issues. And solving cultural issues is not easy. We know that these issues have been passed down through the generations so maybe changing children’s toys and books and shows isn’t such a bad thing to try. There is SO much work to do to address racism and rape culture in the United States, but small steps are still progress.

If choosing to stop airing a show that blatantly perpetuates rape culture means one less young person is stalked or assaulted or raped, that’s worth it, no? What if that one young person who doesn’t become a victim is your daughter?

If choosing to stop publishing a book with racist themes and images leads to even one kid understanding more about the nuance of race in America and the breath-taking extent of white privilege, that’s worth it too.

Would I rather the media spend time and money to bring American attention to bigger issues associated with this nation’s racism and rape culture? 100%. There are ENORMOUS fish to fry. Dr. Seuss is not an enormous fish. Potato head toys are not enormous fish. Pepe Le Pew is not an enormous fish. They’re not even big fish. They’re small. They’re tiny fish. They’re anchovies. But frying some fish is better than frying no fish.

Canceling Pepe Le Pew is not hurting anyone. Warner Brothers owns Pepe Le Pew. Warner Brothers owns nearly everything; they are not hurting for money. And canceling Pepe certainly isn’t hurting American kids. There are plenty of other kids’ shows to watch that are significantly less problematic. Just because you watched Pepe Le Pew and went on to be a properly respectful adult doesn’t mean there aren’t other kids out there who did internalize a harmful disrespect for consent. No, Pepe Le Pew probably isn’t single-handedly responsible for anyone’s decision to stalk or rape anyone else. But could a show reinforce the groundwork that ultimately leads a kid down a path where he is unable or unwilling to respect the boundaries of others? I mean, it’s not the craziest thing I’ve heard this week.

Canceling six total Dr. Seuss books that are already pretty obscure is not hurting anyone.

Changing the name of an already genderless potato toy to reflect that genderless-ness is not hurting anyone.

A brief recap: racism and rape culture are very real, very American issues.

If the decision to stop doing a thing doesn’t hurt anyone and may even save someone some hurt, why does that decision bother you?

Also, in all your frantic Facebook posting, make sure you are differentiating between “cancel culture” and consequences. When the media tosses around the phrase “cancel culture” it has this tone of finality that is, plainly, not realistic. Fads and trends move so quickly in the internet age that the idea that a group of people could “cancel” something permanently is just not possible. People who do or say racist things, though, should face consequences. People who do or say transphobic or homophobic things should face consequences. Consequences are one of the only ways we learn to do better. And again, that’s not my opinion, it’s science.

One of the consequences that can have the most impact is, you guessed it, losing money! In this capitalist hellscape, money talks. Boycotting and choosing how we spend our money are some of the most engaging ways to combat racist and homophobic garbage. When you have your temper tantrum because the company who owns a book with overtly racist imagery decides to stop publishing that book, that speaks volumes about your priorities. If you respond to that company’s decision by buying the book in question on eBay for $400, that speaks even louder volumes. What are you doing? WHY are you doing it? I’m guessing you don’t even know, and you should probably spend some time thinking about it before you flush away a chunk of your stimmy on a freaking RACIST KIDS’ BOOK.

All actions have consequences. All of our choices never affect just us. How we vote affects other people. How we spend our money affects other people. Spending our money on things that are problematic perpetuates the problem… whether it be racism, rape culture, homophobia, or transphobia… or so many other things this country desperately needs to address.

It’s human to not like change. Change is going to happen, though, regardless of whether or not we’re comfortable with it. In the information age, we have a remarkable opportunity to steer that change. Leaving behind racist relics is change, so it may be inherently uncomfortable. But change that moves our country away from racism and rape culture is GOOD change.

I am begging you. Use critical thinking… if you’re seeing a headline about something being canceled, look up WHY. Some of these headlines are absolute bunk… they’re shared just to get people all riled up and create American division. However, just like we *should* cancel lead paint, a children’s book with overtly racist images shouldn’t be published anymore and it’s weird if you disagree with that. Disagreeing with that decision, as silly as it may seem, perpetuates racism. I know how triggered y’all can get when someone suggests you might be perpetuating racism, but it is what it is. Do your research. Don’t spend your money on racist garbage. Be better.

I feel like this post is me just barking the exact same thing in different ways, but I also feel like there is so much more I could say.

I’ll leave you with this:

What will it take for Americans to weigh the threats of racism and homophobia the same way we weight the threat of lead paint? If it’s a matter of costing lives, well, the numbers speak for themselves.

[farrmillpestcontrol]

Pest Control And The Importance Of It

If you have a certain type of problem in the house that you want to get rid of, it is best to call a pest control expert to do the job. There are many services that a pest control expert can provide. You need only find one that you can trust with the task at hand. The most important thing you need to know about a pest control expert is their track record. This will give you a better idea of how reliable they are.

Before you hire anyone to do the job, ask for client testimonials or recommendations. A good pest control professional will not only offer a guarantee for his services but also provide you with a list of pests he has exterminated in the past. In this way, you will know if he is capable of eradicating the type of rodents or insects you have in your house. They will also deal with pesky pests like mice, ants, roaches, and spiders, all of which can be very damaging to you and your family.

An experienced pest control expert will usually treat your entire house, or at least most of it. This way, he will know what materials to use and how to avoid toxic chemicals when treating structural pests. When treating small insects and rodents like rabbits and squirrels, there are some standard insecticides for use. However, there are also a few "do it yourself" insecticides which are safe for smaller animals and insects. When you call for the service of an expert, you should expect that he will already have all the necessary tools and chemicals for his job, such as bait and traps.

Pests like ants can affect your kitchen, dining room, attic, garage, and any other part of your house. You can prevent these pests by keeping the areas clean and dry. Cleaning the soil around your houses will make it easier for your pest control experts to spray the soil with pesticides chemicals, which will kill the pests. If you are having a tough time cleaning up your garden or bushes because of ants, then use pesticides chemicals sparingly.

Some pesticides chemicals are available in both baits and liquid sprays. The most popular one is the DDT, or DuPont Diatomaceous Earth. The term D TD is actually an acronym for the following chemical materials: DDT (ddytetrothal), DE (diethyl-methane), IGR (sulfhydryl, and hydrazine sulfate), MLF (miticide methoxychlor), and TDI (toluene diisocyanate). There are several other chemical compounds available for pest control, but these are the most commonly used in integrated pest management systems.

In order to get rid of micro pests, you must first prevent them from coming back. One effective way of preventing them from coming back is by using termite bait. Baiting, which involves applying pesticides directly onto the affected area, prevents the ants from coming back. Other kinds of bait, which are available in stores or on the Internet, also serve the same purpose.

Pest control is important not only for building owners but for health problems as well. When building owners find out that they have termites and other pests inside their building, they should immediately contact their local building authorities and pest control companies. These professionals can provide assistance on finding ways of getting rid of the problem.

As for health problems, people who suffer from allergic reactions to insect bites or poison injections usually turn to biological control methods. Many homeowners opt to use biological control methods since they are safer alternatives than traditional pesticides. A common method of using biological control is to directly inject mosquitoes with a chemical known as drinconazole. However, this process can be quite dangerous, thus, it is best to consult an insect expert if you are not sure about how to go about using drinconazole.

[hazyheel]

WWE Monday Night Raw 7/29/19 Review

We started with an odd video package about the 24/7 championship. I do not know why, but it led into a match to open the show, so I was into that. 

We started with a mixed tag mosh pit match, pitting R-Truth and Carmella vs. Drake Maverick and his wife Renee. I think the rules were similar to a lumberjack match. The gals tried to tear each other apart right away, but the guys started the match. They also said that the 24/7 championship rules will be suspended during the match. Truth quickly picked up the win with a facebuster, and then after the match, the most pit attacked. They dog piled on Truth, but Mike Kanellis was able to get the belt. Then he hid in a back room, where the rest of the superstars tried to get in. Maria then showed up and told everyone to leave because she was having a baby. Mike wouldn’t let her in because he wasn’t sure if it was actually Maria, so Maria said “If you don’t let me in right now I will kick you in your vagina.” This is literally one day before an awesome ass unsanctioned match he will have on 205 Live. Ugh. So Mike opened the door, and let her in.

Grade: D+. This was just lame. The match was boring and pointless, but I loved the idea of the lumberjacks. I hated it again when it was Mike who won it, cuz he has such a serious and cool character on 205 Live only to be buried on Raw. And the 24/7 title doesn’t exactly elevate superstars. And then Maria said that he had a vagina. Ugh. Just let them be a good team on 205 Live. There is no reason to be doing this. I can’t say that they are buried, but they are in the process. Just ugh. Now I’m worried about dealing with the 24/7 championship BS during their 205 Live match.

Then we had a 5 man gauntlet match for #1 contendership to the United States Championship. Rey Mysterio was out first, up against Cesaro. Cesaro quickly brought Mysterio down to the mat, trying to use his technical ability to get some pins early on. Mysterio made it back to his feet and forced himself into an electric chair position. He then gave Cesaro a rana out to the floor, but held on and gave him another into the apron. Looked pretty nice, but Cesaro wasn’t selling super well. The two had a match that got a lot of time, and had a cool super where Cesaro intercepted a springboard with a european uppercut. The two then battled on the top rope, constantly countering and looking for the highest of high impact moves, with Mysterio eventually coming out on top with a bulldog. Mysterio then hit a 619 and the splash to eliminate Cesaro.

Sami Zayn was out next, and attacked quickly, but was rolled up almost right away and lost. 

Andrade was next, which led me to believe that we were in for a treat. The two chopped the living hell out of each other to start out, and kept going for flash pins, with the other always slipping away. Andrade slowly got the advantage and wore down Mysterio slowly, even throwing him out of the ring chest first. He was actually able to hit the three amigos, paying homage to Eddie Guerrero in the process. Mysterio was able to set up for the 619, but Andrade caught him out of it, nailing a backbreaker and then the hammerlock DDT for the win. After the match, Andrade beat down Rey a bit, and even tore his mask. 

As he stood there with half of Mysterio’s mask torn off, Ricochet ran down to the ring as the final entrant. He checked on Rey a bit, and then they started up. Zelina Vega got involved any time that Ricochet went for something high risk to become something of an x-factor in this match.  They had a nice little back and forth contest with strikes and high spots. It was pretty exciting. Ricochet even hit a poison rana for a near fall. Ricochet used that move to set up for the 630, and hit his finish to win the gauntlet.

After the match, Ricochet had an interview. He said that no one really believes in him, but when he wins the US title, they will believe in him again. Styles laughed at him backstage. 

Grade: B. Pretty good stuff, especially to open up the show. Good matches all around (except for the Zayn match, but it wasn’t supposed to be) and basically everyone got over. Mysterio was a resilient babyface, Andrade a despicable heel, and Ricochet is a triumphant winner. The breaks in between made the match feel epic and important, and it was a good match for the first hour of Raw. 

Backstage again, Mike and Maria were talking, with Mike begging Maria to respect him. Maria then told him to get on his back like he usually does, and she pinned him for the 24/7 championship, so that her kid can have a parent that is a champion. He did it, and she became the first pregnant champion, and threw it in everyone’s faces. Ugh, what are they doing to Mike. But honestly, kinda into this for Maria. it is the ultimate heel move. No one can actually fight her. There is no one intense enough in the undercard to actually attack a woman, let alone a pregnant woman. I want to see where this goes, for some reason.

Then we had a moment of Bliss. The two of them put over Maria Kanellis and Raw Reunion. And then they started to talk about the WWE are all family, and they talked about how Ziggler superkicked Shawn Michaels, and how appalling that is. But not as appalling as a tape that she had from that morning, which showed Natalya training on how to escape the disarmer. As she was training, Becky Lynch attacked everyone with her and locked in the disarmer herself. Bliss then chastised the crowd for condoning that behavior. Cross then said that Lynch wanted to take her out before their match at Summerslam. Bliss agreed, and said that she would knock The Man down a few pegs. So, Lynch then came on the titantron and confronted Bliss. She said that Bliss can run her mouth all she wants, but she will pay for it when they have a match later on. 

Grade: B-. Pretty good. I love Becky, but Bliss feels lost in the shuffle. Just made me remember that I like her character. 

Then we went right into a Raw Tag Team Championship match. The Revival vs. The Usos vs. The OC. Scott Dawson and Jimmy Uso started the match with some grappling. The two teams just went back and forth, hard hits and some limb work. The usos worked over Dash Wilder’s arm a bit, but the Revival still kept getting tags. The OC however didn’t come in for quite some time. They actually didn’t come in until there was a commercial break, and they tagged in during the commercial. They beat down Jey quite a bit. After a flying forearm, Jimmy got a huge hot tag, and absolutely ran roughshod over the rest of the teams. There was a really nice spot where the Revival hit a bulldog doomsday device, but Karl Anderson broke up the pin. Dawson then tried to do a vertical suplex to the outside, but the two kinda botched it, both going over the top rope and ending in a DDT. Wilder then went for a suicide dive on Luke Gallows, but the big man caught him, only for Wilder to hit a tornado DDT on the outside. Jey then gave Dawson a superplex into the rest of the competitors. There was a wild feel to the finish, with the OC coming in on a blind tag on the Revival. The Revival then gave Jimmy a shatter machine to take him out, only for Jey to take out the Revival with a huge crossbody. The OC then ran in, Karl Anderson gave Jey a spinebuster and gave Jimmy a magic killer for the win and the title change. 

Backstage, AJ Styles and the Club partied a bit. Fun. 

Grade: B-. Strong B-, with a nice ending stretch, but a largely paint by numbers TV match before that.  I think that they are really capitalizing on the OC right now, just because they want to make Gallows and Anderson happy, and I think that getting those belts away from the Usos and the Revival is certainly a good thing. That feud was played out. I am excited to see where they go from here, but we probably won’t get new challenging teams. I hope that at Survivor Series this year, we have the Tag Titles unified, because these tag divisions are not strong enough to sustain two sets of belts. But with one set, it’d be pretty strong. Anyway, good idea in the short term, but they need to do something with these tag divisions.

Next up was a squash match for the Viking Raiders. Erik immidately started out destroying one of the jobbers with a shot to the face. As his partner stepped off the apron, Ivar destroyed him with a hook kick. They won with the Viking Experience.

Grade: B-. Inoffensive Squash. 

Backstage, the Street Profits, and they implied that Dawkins is the father of Maria’s child.  Dawkins was very defensive. Seth Rollins then showed up and they hyped up his match. They were loud and excitable. This was fine. 

Then we had Becky Lynch vs Alexa Bliss. The crowd was firmly behind Becky, and it was nice to here them like her so much. The two fought a little bit, before Nikki Cross gave Lynch a cheap shot while Bliss distracted the ref. So I guess Cross is officially a heel. Lynch constantly tried to lock in the disarmer, but Bliss always seemed to have an answer. At one point she botched her double knees spot by not getting enough momentum for the roll through, but she covered it perfectly by yelling at Lynch on the mat and just did the move again. Good one, I appreciate that. Lynch gave Bliss a bexploder, but after the move, Lynch seemed to hurt her ankle. a doctor checked her out as the match was going on, and Bliss was really sobbing. They said that Bliss was unable to continue, so Lynch won by stoppage. 

After the match, Cross got on the apron and yelled at Lynch a whole bunch. They damn near came to blows, before Cross challenged Lynch to a match. That match became official after the commercial. Cross was shoving Lynch around and telling her to take a shot, which Lynch gladly did. At one point, Cross was climbing up to the top rope, but Lynch pushed her off and she had a nasty spill into the ring. Lynch then hit the manhandle slam for the win. 

After the match, Bliss felt better and attacked Lynch, which was fought off. But then Natalya ran in the ring and locked in a sharpshooter. 

Backstage, Natalya was interviewed. She said that this business wasn’t about friends, and they wouldn’t shake hands after the match. Then she said something kinda confusing. She said that she wanted to challenge Lynch to a submission match, but she knew Lynch would say no, so she decided not to issue the challenge. Odd, but I’m into the submission stuff. 

Grade: C+. There was a whole lot going on in this segment. The first match was alright, the second with Cross never got going, the first attack felt kinda forced and out of place, the second attack felt cool, and the interview felt really good up until she said that she wouldn’t do the submission match. All in all, I don’t get why this was so complicated. Just give Lynch a long match against Cross. Why not? They can still do the post match attacks, and it wouldn’t have been so contrived. Luckily, the overall feud between Nattie and Lynch hasn’t been hurt much. 

Then we saw Maria in a photoshoot with her 24/7 championship. She challenged anyone to pin her. Braun Strowman then showed up, and she yelled at him for crowding him. Maria then shit on men in general by saying that they love making babies but not taking care of them. Then she said to show her how big and strong he is, and Strowman just breathed heavy. Why? Beats me. I didn’t get this segment, but Maria is heeling it up really well, so it doesn’t bother me too much. 

Then we had Seth Rollins vs. Dolph Ziggler, in retaliation for the attack on Michaels. Ziggler came out to Michaels’ music, which was great. Ziggler said that Michaels and Goldberg were both pathetic, and they take the spots of the full time guys. Holy crap we are getting Goldberg vs Ziggler eventually. Unless they are trying to cut ties with Goldberg. Anyway, back to the actual segment Rollins attacked right at the bell, and the too brawled on the outside to open things up. The two quickly devolved into an exciting striking contest, and they had some good shots in there. Ziggler hit a really nice combination of throwing Rollins into the post, a nice kick and a zig zag, but Rollins still kicked out. Ziggler was going to go for the superkick, but Rollins interrupted him with a couple of his own. He was about to hit the stomp when Brock Lesnar showed up. Lesnar attacked, and Rollins tried to run, but Ziggler held his leg. Rollins won by DQ, and got ragdolled around for a while. He then gave Rollins an F5 into the steel post. Then he gave him another onto a chair, and a second, with Rollins landing on the back of the chair. Rollins was bleeding from the mouth and coughing up some blood. Heyman was begging him to stop, but Lesnar still gave him a third. Rollins did a stretcher job afterwards, and he was groaning and screaming. 

Backstage, a brawl broke out as Rollins was being taken away. The OC beat down the Usos, and when Roman Reigns tried to help, Samoa Joe showed up and beat everyone up. The faces were left laying, and Lesnar attacked Rollins on the Stretcher, and gave him an F5 onto the folded stretcher, which looked brutal. 

Grade: B+. Good match, and a brutal attack. Ziggler and Rollins always work well together, but the attack was what bumped this up for me. It was really good. Lesnar brutalized him, and Rollins sold like crazy. He looked like he was going to split in half. I’m pretty sure the blood was real, and it only helped to sell the attack. Even Graves on commentary was great, saying that they didn’t need to keep showing the attack, because it was too much. Rollins looked just about dead by the end of this. It was kinda tough to watch, so good on them. Best segment of the night.

Then we had the “Samoan Summit,” which was supposed to be Joe and Reigns talking, but Joe just called Reigns out for a fight, and that they did. They brawled around ringside, and Reigns just threw the steel stairs right at him. It was wild. Drew McIntyre showed up to aid Joe, so Roman followed him into the crowd and they brawled a bit as well. As they got back to ringside, the heels teamed up on Reigns, and Cedric Alexander ran out to Reigns aid. he hit some nice moves, but got destroyed by a clothesline when he went for a suicide dive. They all fought onto the stage, with Cedric getting thrown off of it. McIntyre and Joe were going to put Reigns through a table, when the Usos ran out to his aid. The OC came out as well, and they all fought. Alexander then climbed onto the LED boards and delivered a splash onto all of them. They fought back into the ring, where the faces stood tall after several superman punches to the OC and Mcintyre, followed by a suicide dive onto McIntyre. The Usos then gave Joe double superkicks, and Reigns finished it off with a spear. The faces stood tall to close out the show. 

Grade: B. A nice little wild brawl that could lead into an 8 man tag next week on the go home show. Sounds fine to me. I’m shocked that Roman doesn’t have a Summerslam match yet, so something like this could end up being it. I guess we will wait and see. 

Overall Grade: B-

Pros:  Gauntlet Match; Rollins vs. Ziggler; Rollins beatdown

Cons: opening mixed tag

[thoughts-of-a-social-worker]

Our “Birth-to-Death Contract” with Toxic Chemicals: A Commentary on Silent Spring

It has become painfully clear, in recent times, the profound impact humans have had on the earth and its inhabitants. While I am very familiar with campaigns to save the bees and vividly recall marketing campaigns from my childhood urging me to cut plastic rings before disposing of them to save the turtles, I had not heard of Rachel Carson and her influential book Silent Spring until this week. Rachel Carson, an American marine biologist, published this work in 1962 with the intention of combating false narratives of the “safety” of pesticides like DDT. She explained the devastating effects of DDT and other pesticides not only on the environment but also on people and argued that systemic change was needed if we were to avoid disaster. 

In her book, Carson warned of the dangers tied to “birth-to-death contact” with chemicals. Though these words were written 60 years ago, they remain eerily relevant today. When she spoke of chemicals lining shelves near other home goods, and well within the reach of children, I had no problem visualizing it. I see this every week in my local grocery story. The fact of the matter is that chemicals are terrifyingly common and easy to find in any household. My child’s preschool taught an entire unit on household safety and included one specifically relating to chemicals and other toxic materials in the home. While knowing how to stay safe around chemicals is important, I think most adults (particularly in the U.S.) do not recognize them as poisons – and treat them as such – when they purchase and use them. Carson made a fantastic point in her book about this, stating: “If a huge skull and crossbones were suspended above the insecticide department the customer might at least enter it with the respect normally accorded death-dealing materials.” In addition, if warning labels were placed more prominently on the packaging of these chemicals, we may think twice about purchasing them. 

Even were we all superbly careful about the chemicals we purchase for home use, we would still fail to avoid chemical exposure. Carson spoke about the chemical residues used in agricultural farming that coat the foods we eat. Rinsing them with water does little to remove the contaminants, and some chemicals cannot even be cooked out of food. She noted that, as is true now, the existence of these residues is either downplayed or wholly denied by the industry. However, Carson cited studies that clearly demonstrate chemicals are building in people’s body fat and that our foods are undoubtedly contaminated with DDT. The DDT era began in 1942, and by the mid-1950’s individuals were averaging 5.3 to 7.4 parts per million of DDT according to collected body fat samples. Carson added that there was evidence to support that this number is consistently rising. 

This issue is still present and our government, Carson argues, is only protecting us to a limited extent. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is limited in both its jurisdiction and its capacity to inspect products. Despite having established “safe limits” for chemicals on food which allow a “sprinkling of poisons,” the FDA simply does not have the capacity to enforce these limits. Carson also lists multiple examples of farmers who regularly abuse chemicals, resulting in foods being marketed and sold to consumers that are well outside of the current limits. I was disappointed to read that, at the time of the book’s publishing, more than 99% of food shipments within the FDA’s jurisdiction do not get inspected (and this does not include food grown and sold within the same state).

However, not all hope is lost. While Silent Spring paints a grim picture of our situation, Carson does propose several solutions. The first is the complete elimination of toxic chemicals being used on our food, and the increased policing by the FDA of that food which should be accompanied by a mass hiring of inspectors. She anticipated an argument that this would place undue burden on farmers, however, and proposed another alternative. Our society could make a shift toward safer, plant-derived chemicals and non-toxic synthetic substitutes. Regardless of the solution we pursue, Carson did argue for increased public education about the nature of the chemicals being sold to us and the need to explore non-chemical options for pesticides in the agricultural industry. There are an abundance of non-chemical pesticide options in existence now. Carson discussed everything from male sterilization techniques among insect populations to the use of microbes and other insect pathogens which only harm their intended targets.

If there is one thing climate change is working to teach us, it is that nature will always win. Rather than trying to destroy a balanced part of the ecosystem, we should be working to find sustainable and safe ways to control our environments in a limited capacity. Science has given us both amazing and terrifying gifts. Mass death can be dealt with nuclear weapons, but many lives have been saved with the advent of antibiotics and vaccines. We can terminate our “birth-to-death” contract with chemicals if we so choose. It may take us a long time to discover a way to permanently remove these chemical traces from human and animal bodies but, for now, the least we can do is work to stop increasing those numbers.

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Lupine Publishers | The Dangers of Lawn Chemicals at Home and Environment-A Problem Dealing Study by M Fazal Ur Rehman

Introduction

The Lawn chemicals are the chemicals which are used in our houses as well as gardens. These chemicals are used to kill the germs, pests, harmful bacteria and viruses. In lawn chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, chemicals, and fertilizers are included. These chemicals, in most cases, are designed to kill pests, germs, bacteria and viruses by ceasing their work functions. Actually, they cease their nutrition, movement in and out of individual’s body cell. When they are exposed to these micro-organisms (germs, pests, bacteria, viruses) they either directly kill them or they terminate their functions and convert them into dead organisms.

 Observation

The lawn chemicals, in most cases, are designed to kill pests; however, many chemicals can also pose risks to the peoples. But, in many cases the amount of chemicals to which peoples are likely to be exposed, is too small to pose a health risk. The risks and problems caused by the lawn chemicals are observed and detailed below.

Toxicity of Lawn Chemicals

To determine risks, one must consider both the toxicity and hazard of the chemical and the likelihood of exposure. A low level of exposure to a very toxic chemical may be no more dangerous than a high level of exposure to a relatively low toxicity chemical. The health effects of chemicals depend on the type of chemical, some chemicals such as the organophosphates and carbamates; affect the nervous system, while others may irritate the skin or eyes. Some chemicals may be carcinogens, but others can affect the hormone or endocrine system in the body. The product label may have more specific instructions and try to identify and use products that are low in toxicity.

Chemical Pesticides and Composts Taint Surface and Groundwater

Yard pesticides and manures can pollute surface and groundwater. This reduces the nature of our drinking water and additionally the nature of sea-going territories and soundness of sea-going living things. Many fish and amphibian creepy crawly species are exceptionally touchy to manures and pesticides.

Chemical Pesticides Threaten the Health of Children

Children are the most vulnerable segment of our population due to their small size and their underdeveloped physiology. Children are also often the most exposed to pesticides due to their behavior (putting contaminated grass, soil and toys into mouth, breathing close to the ground). Increased exposure puts children at an unacceptably high risk from lawn pesticides.

Chemical Pesticides Threaten the Health of Outdoor Pets

Outdoor pets are highly exposed to lawn chemicals due to their behavior (licking contaminated paws and coat, breathing close to the ground, eating contaminated grass, soil and toys) and are highly vulnerable due to their small size.

Chemical Pesticides Threaten the Health of Local Wildlife

Turf-dwelling and feeding species such as the American robin, Canada goose, American widgeon, European starling, common raccoon and eastern gray squirrel are highly exposed to lawn chemicals. Granular formulations pesticides can severely impact birds that mistake the granules for seed or other food items.

Chemical Pesticides and Fertilizers Reduce the Activity of Beneficial Organisms

Healthy soil is alive with a variety of beneficial organisms that actually kill pest insects, decrease the spread of disease and help plants gather nutrients and water. For example, earthworms improve air and water circulation, decompose thatch, deposit nutrient-rich castings and help to neutralize soil (plants prefer this pH). Many of these beneficial organisms are highly exposed and highly sensitive to lawn chemicals. Pesticides and fertilizers reduce their activity levels, thereby reducing a lawn’s natural ability to control pests and diseases, gather nutrients and water and maintain overall health.

Local Natural Life Require Safe Spots to Live

As an ever increasing number of rural areas infringe upon characteristic territories, natural life are compelled to escape or adjust to less perfect, frequently swarmed living spaces ready with potential perils. Introduction to garden chemicals is one such peril. Guide presentation to these pesticides and composts is perilous, just like the impacts of concoction utilize including diminished haven and nourishment openings. We can make our urban communities and towns more tenable for neighborhood untamed life by dodging grass and garden chemicals. You may considerably consider naturalizing a segment of your yard to give a more prominent assorted variety of sanctuary and sustenance sorts.

Chemical Composts are a Misuse of Cash

Concoction composts generally contain three macronutrientsphosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. They need other full scale and additionally micronutrients and incorporate no natural issue or microorganisms. Conversely, completed manure from your lawn container is a natural and regular soil alteration that gives a more entire bundle of supplements, natural issue and organisms. Completed manure is a free asset that likewise constitutes economical waste administration, broadening the life expectancy of neighborhood dumps and landfills.

Chemical Pesticides Can Possibly Cause Harm all through their Lifecycles

All phases of a pesticide’s lifecycle - generation, transport, stockpiling, utilize and transfer - can possibly corrupt ecological and human wellbeing. Blasts, spills and volatilization may happen in assembling plants, storerooms, uncovering conceivably immense quantities of non-target living beings to pesticides. Transfer is a costly and disputable suggestion as individuals battle to keep stores out of their groups.

Chemicals Really Debase the General Long-Haul Soundness of Your Grass and Garden

Concoction yard mind is the wrong approach. By as often as possible applying pesticides to your yard, you may make a substance subordinate scene. As irritation species wind up noticeably impervious to the chemicals intended to kill them, more thought measurements and continuous applications are required and an endless cycle of expanding nuisance protection and pesticide utilize is built up. At the point when this happens, your grass’ wellbeing is spiraling downhill [1].

Basic Groups of Lawn Pesticides and their Effects on Animal Health

Organophosphates

Organophosphate mixes incorporate probably the most dangerous chemicals utilized as a part of agribusiness. Fatdissolvable and effortlessly transmitted all through the body, this gathering of pesticides is characterized by their hindrance of the protein cholinesterase.4 Examples of this class of chemicals are Chloryprifos and Diazinon. Harming side effects in creatures incorporate over the top salivation, “wet” respiratory sounds (in light of expanded bronchial discharges), retching, stomach torment, the runs, moderate heart rates and miosis (pinpoint students). In genuine cases, respiratory disappointment and passing can happen.

Carbamates

They cause a response like organophosphates since they restrain a similar catalyst pathway. This gathering incorporates the ordinarily utilized bug spray carbamyl. Introduction causes writhings, tipsiness, worked breathing, sickness, heaving, the runs, obviousness, muscle spasms, and extreme salivation. Toxicity of these chemicals relies upon the course of presentation.

Phenoxy and Benzoic Corrosive Herbicides

Like 2,4 D, MCPP, and MCPA influence the focal sensory system. Harming indications incorporate automatic jerking, loss of sensation, retching, stomach torments, looseness of the bowels, shortcoming, exhaustion, dermatitis, and hurting muscles. Canines and felines that don’t discharge acids as effectively are particularly touchy to this compound. An EPA-financed think about found that 2,4-D is effectively followed inside, uncovering kids and pets at levels ten times higher than pre-application levels. Another examination demonstrated that presentation to phenoxy-treated yards and greenhouses appeared to drastically expand the danger of bladder tumor in Scottish Terriers.

Pyrethroids

These are recorded as conceivable cancer-causing agents by the US EPA and influence the focal and fringe sensory systems. Ordinarily utilized chemicals like Permethrin and Resmethrin are in this gathering. Harming side effects incorporate muscle tremors, hyperexcitability, melancholy, ataxia, heaving, seizures, anorexia, and passing. Presentation to Resmethrin caused expanded thyroid and liver weight in grown-up mutts, and introduction to these chemicals is connected to hurt in neurological improvement.

Organochlorines

These are a substance class that incorporates surely understood harmful and steady mixes, for example, PCBs, PCE, and DDT. Intense pesticide harming side effects incorporate muscle tremors and jerks, respiratory issues, and seizures. Demise is caused by respiratory disappointment amid maintained seizures as well as high body temperature. Long haul presentation is connected to neurological harm, respiratory disease, and different sorts of growths. The organochlorine Lindane is currently limited in the US, and is utilized basically as a seedcoating operator and is a dynamic fixing in sedated shampoos to slaughter lice and scabies. Nonetheless, different organochlorines are still broadly being used. Endosulfan is exceedingly poisonous to the sensory system, and represents a noteworthy hazard to felines and mutts on account of its intense harmfulness.

Formation of Questions

The questions arose from these observations are:

a) Why these chemicals are used as they infect the health in several ways?

b) Why these chemicals contaminate the ground and surface water?

c) How these chemicals disrupt the aquatic lives?

d) How these chemicals reduce the working activity of beneficial organism?

e) Why we use these chemical as also knowing that of wastage of money?

Sample Collection

As we collect a sample of the lawn chemicals including the sprays, pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. These are applied to the home plants as well as gardens. While the flowers, plants and trees are taken under the examination.

Analytical Technique

To detect the effect of these chemicals, the techniques used are mixing of fertilizers within the solvent generally water, spraying the pesticides by special methods and also herbicides are used.

Sample Preparation

To test the effects of lawn chemicals, a sample of some flowers, plants and trees are prepared. These plants are also sensitive to use of these chemicals.

Experimentation

The variety of these chemicals were applied to the selected sample of plants and trees. They were applied in different amounts. Some pesticides are mixed with water and other solvents and plants are provided with. Some trees are provided with some other fertilizers to increase their growth. Some chemicals (Liquefied) are also sprayed on them to kill other microorganisms.

Data Collection

After application of these toxic chemicals on plants, trees and flowers, the incoming results are collected. The results were the color of plants, their growth, their fruit production rate and also quantity. While the other results were the diseases caused by the use of these chemicals spreading in the environment, in children and also in fruits.

Results and Discussion

From the collected data, following results are appeared. These chemicals contaminate the surface and ground water. They make it unfit for drinking. They spread the diseases in humans like throat diseases, reproductive problems. They disturb the endocrine system. They also disturb the aquatic life in underground water pools. They also disturb the activity of naturally created pests, bacteria etc. They give the rapid growth and development in plant. Also give the more quantity of fruits. But these fruits also have some diseases.

Conclusion

These results show that the lawn chemicals are not safe to use. These are no eco-friendly to the environment and also living organisms. These chemicals can be stopped to use and their alternatives are to be used to overcome these issues appearing in environment.

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Pelicans, spoonbills, and herons nest on Cat Island, where oil washed ashore in May 2010. The spill sped the land’s ongoing erosion; today it’s underwater. Photo: Daniel Beltrá

Ten Years Later: Reflections on the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Ten years ago, BP's Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, killing 11 people and pouring an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Audubon and other conservation partners sprang into action to repair the ecological damage.

To mark the 10th anniversary, we asked four writers to reflect on how this catastrophe has impacted people and birds over the last decade—and exactly what it will take to ensure a bright future for the gulf.

Audubon magazine asked four writers to contemplate what has and hasn't changed in the aftermath of the Gulf catastrophe.

The worst oil spill in U.S. waters began with a deadly explosion on April 20, 2010. Many of us remember the distress we felt as that day stretched into days, then months—a slow-building dread that no one could make a gaping hole drilled into the earth stop gushing. Capping the well took 87 days. The consequences unfurled long after.

Today BP penalty funds flowing to the region provide an enormous opportunity to not only repair environmental damages from that disaster, but also help restore a long-suffering Gulf Coast. In 2019 Audubon provided a roadmap for investing nearly $2 billion of this pot to shore up key habitats through 30 projects covering more than 136,000 acres. With partners, it’s now ensuring many of those projects are advancing. For example, this winter the state of Louisiana rebuilt Queen Bess Island, an eroding pelican rookery—thereby helping it avoid the fate of nearby Cat Island, which has already disappeared.

The Gulf holds all of these possibilities—tragedy, resilience, and hope. Each of the voices featured in this special package watched the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe unfold, and witnessed the repercussions to people and birds, but took away different lessons. We asked them to reflect on the spill’s political and personal legacy. What has transpired because of these horrific events? And what can we carry forward? —The Editor

We Need Another Way to Relate to the World—and Each Other

Remembering the BP spill tragedy offers an occasion for reconsidering how we interact with nature and what we value.

The first oiled pelicans I saw that spring didn’t look like the ones they put on TV. They looked almost normal at first, but an odd behavioral tic drew your gaze back to them. Then you saw that their belly feathers hung clumped and matted, looking wet, only this was oil.

Feathers protect birds from a world that is by turns too hot, too cold, too wet, too sunny—but oiled feathers can’t do their job. So the pelicans responded the only way they could. They preened, grabbing feather clumps in enormous bills and tugging over and over again. That was the tic that caught your eye, Brown Pelicans stuck in an endless preening loop, unable to save themselves but unable to stop ­trying. It looked like a form of insanity—I suppose it was—and I still think about the sight with a strangling sense of horror.

Brown Pelicans are highly social beings, flying together in tight, graceful formations and nesting noisily by the hundreds on sheltered islands on the fringes of coasts, feeding at sea. The edge of our world is the beginning of theirs.

They are gentle toward humans, even under stress, the wildlife rehabilitators would tell me. The muscular, seafaring Northern Gannets left triangular gashes on the forearms of people who offered them help they couldn’t understand, but the pelicans were patient as their eyeballs and palates were swabbed, quiet as their skin and feathers were scrubbed.

Oiled Brown Pelicans wait to be cleaned in June 2010, at a rescue center in Fort Jackson, Louisiana. Photo: Daniel Beltrá

I’d seen the Brown Pelicans at peace, just two weeks before the fog of madness began to seep in. It was evening on Louisiana’s California Bay, and the setting sun made the grass look as green as anything in this world. The pelicans packed onto a small island, inches apart, pairs sitting on mound nests on the ground, fearless. They had come off the endangered species list only months ago, the success story of a species rebounding after brutal overhunting and DDT poisoning. The rescue effort had worked. It seemed we had found a way to live together after all.

And then oil began roaring out of a violent bore in the seafloor, as if eager to make up for eons in the underworld. Eleven men died in chaos and terror. Humanity proved powerless against the onslaught. It would take a few more spins of this Earth around its axis, but wind and tides would bring that oil to the heart of the pelicans’ sanctuary.

The oil reached many other birds, too. I’d see adolescent Roseate Spoonbills, their pink feathers brown with oil, drowning Laughing Gulls, and doomed Royal Tern chicks. I would see the human toll: Servers weeping in restaurants. Businesses shuttered, communities scattered, families separated. Seafood industries in turmoil. Jobs gone. A lost summer of tourism. A couple standing together atop a dune as wave after wave of red and orange oil washed up onto the sand. The Gulf was closed for business.

The spill marked one more stanza in the long, uneasy ballad of our relationships with one another and with all life on Earth. Just five years before, Hurricane Katrina killed more than 1,800 people and wreaked more than $160 billion of havoc. The storm was magnified by decades of environmental degradation that had turned vast wetlands into open water, leaving New Orleans exposed. Katrina’s toll was also sharply intensified by human failures and prejudices that left the poor, the elderly, the disabled, and the city’s Black and brown residents most defenseless in the face of horrendous crisis. When we fail to consider the fullness of one another’s humanity in our environmental policies, we deepen cycles of injustice and harm.

We haven’t yet learned how to live alongside pelicans, and we haven’t learned how to live alongside one another, either. As I write, news is breaking of 1 billion animals dead from Australia’s wildfires, on top of immense human cost. Ice is melting, seas are rising, coral reefs are bleaching, extinctions are accelerating, peoples are being displaced, and droughts are deepening. In 2010 we saw people, birds, dolphins, and turtles suffer and die amid Deepwater Horizon’s flames and oil. Today the scale of suffering and death unfolding as our climate warms boggles the mind, activating all our individual and collective defense mechanisms. Block. Stop. Deny. Distract. Exploit.

The slowly spreading oil slick approaches the Louisiana coast, east of the Mississippi River, two weeks after the April explosion. Photo: Daniel Beltrá

In the Gulf, the best-funded environmental restoration initiative in world history is underway, cause for great hope. At the same time, our government is slashing environmental safeguards with abandon, even the venerable Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which defended all those birds in the Gulf and held BP financially accountable for its harm.

Today the scale of suffering and death unfolding as our climate warms boggles the mind

By now we know very well that human economic and social well-being depend on a clean and healthy environment. In such challenging times, we must boldly reimagine how we will relate to that environment and to one another.

I imagine that as a society, we could build a set of environmental policies and practices that lift up every person, not just the most able, fortunate, or powerful, and certainly not just those of one favored race or class. I imagine we could be brave enough to treat every other human being as fully equal to ourselves.

I imagine too that we could build into those environmental policies and practices a commitment to the innate worth and independence of all species with whom we share this planet, from Brown Pelicans to bald cypresses. I imagine that we could value their lives beyond the utility they lend our own.

These are not primarily scientific challenges. They are choices of morality, of politics, of faith, of will, of accountability. What do you choose, and what are you going to do about it?

Author’s note, April 13, 2020:

Since my essay about the 10-year anniversary of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill went to print in Audubon’s Spring 2020 issue, the Gulf Coast has closed for business once again—this time with the rest of America. The COVID-19 pandemic tearing through our communities has created a dire catastrophe across our nation and across the world. So many aspects of this crisis are unprecedented, yet so many are familiar, too. Years of warnings by scientific and medical experts were minimized or ignored. Some government responses have been shaped by ego and greed, instead of evidence and humanity. Marginalized people are dying at higher rates in a toll that already exceeds eleven times that of Hurricane Katrina and seven times that of 9/11. Under cover of chaos, polluters are making new gains in their quest to smash safeguards that protect us all. And yet, courageous people in communities, businesses, nonprofits, governments—and most especially in healthcare—are making a difference every day. So as this crisis deepens, as the BP oil spill anniversary passes quietly, and as we note the 50th Earth Day remembrance on April 22, I ask again: In what kind of world do you want to live, and what are you going to do about it?

While working in the Gulf for Audubon, David J. Ringer was deeply involved in the emergency spill response in 2010. He’s now Audubon’s Chief Network Officer.

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Is Organic Food Over?

One morning in 2015, instead of heading into the fields, a group of about 50 farmers gathered in a parking lot in Vermont — a handful on tractors. They arrived to protest outside a meeting of the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB); on a mountain of decomposing kale stalks, onion peels, and tomato stems, they objected to a proposal that would allow producers of hydroponic vegetables to put a USDA-certified organic label on berries and greens grown without soil.

The demonstration was the start of a movement called Keep Soil in Organic, and it’s one small example of the many big ways people are arguing about what “organic” really means now.

Unlike vague food label terms like “natural” and “humane,” the USDA-certified organic label has long been seen as a reliable stamp: It signals that a food was produced according to set standards that prohibit the use of most synthetic pesticides and includes other requirements related to conserving biodiversity and animal welfare. It means the farm and any processing facilities involved in producing that food have been evaluated by a third-party certifier to verify the standards are being followed.

Those who believe in organic as a solution to negative effects of “conventional” food production assumed the word would evolve into shorthand for “healthy” — but it was never going to be that simple. Talk to farmers like the ones at the protest, and “organic” is a lifestyle that involves a philosophical understanding of the relationship farmers (and all people) have to the earth; talk to a Whole Foods supplier and “organic” is a value-add that means a higher price on the shelf. Talk to a consumer, and organic is now simply confusing.

A big reason for that is that those within the industry — not to mention the institutions that use and govern the term — don’t agree on several contentious issues. First, animal welfare standards: Advocates say factory farm operations that use organic feed but confine thousands of chickens or cows into cramped indoor spaces do not meet the standard, but those farms are continually approved for certification. Second, the aforementioned soil: Should hydroponic vegetables be certified organic?

Farmers like those at the protest see these issues as related to an influx of corporations trying to cash in on the term. Organic product sales reached nearly $50 billion in 2017 and demand still vastly outstrips supply, sometimes leading to outright fraud. A Washington Post investigation last year, for example, revealed that in the rush to satisfy demand, millions of pounds of soybeans and corn from Turkey were sold into the U.S. market as organic but had been grown using conventional farming practices.

At a time when more eaters than ever say they care about where their food comes from, can “organic” weather the storms to settle on a clear definition and resell consumers on its promise? “There’s no question organic is at a very critical juncture right now,” says Max Goldberg, founder of Organic Insider. “It has become very big business, and everyone wants a piece of it.”

The history of organic

To understand the organic standard, it helps to know the history. Chemical pesticides began to transform American agriculture after World War II. With war-torn countries desperate for food, the global call was to produce as much food as possible, quickly.

Chemical companies had the answer. During the war, the insecticide DDT was credited with saving thousands of lives thanks to how effective it was at eliminating disease-carrying insects. Plus, companies like I.G. Farben — which had produced chemical weapons and gas chamber poisons like Zyklon B and participated in the operation of concentration camps — needed new markets. (The company was broken up into smaller entities after a postwar trial. Two of those entities, BASF and Bayer, are still among the biggest manufacturers of agricultural chemicals today. Bayer also purchased Monsanto earlier this year.)

With these suddenly available tools that made commodity agriculture easier, many farmers heeded the call to scale up using chemical inputs, including synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. And that call got louder in subsequent decades, when famed secretary of agriculture Earl Butz repeatedly told farmers to “get big or get out.”

However, a different idea about how to feed the world was also taking root. The American version of An Agricultural Testament, a book that sparked interest in organic agriculture, was published in 1943, and J.I. Rodale founded the pioneering research organization the Soil and Health Foundation (now the Rodale Institute) in 1947. In 1962, conservationist Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, a popular book that sounded an alarm about the damaging environmental (and to a lesser extent, health) effects of pesticides. In response, part of the anti-establishment awakening of the ’60s and ’70s became the back-to-the-land movement.

“It was part of a counterculture movement… moving back to the land, eating whole foods, and growing this fruit without a lot of chemical pesticides or fertilizers, right?” says Dave Chapman, an organic tomato farmer and one of the leaders of the aforementioned Vermont protest. “In the process… we learned a lot of very good reasons to do it that way.” For these pioneers, it was about more than just not using pesticides; it was about environmental stewardship, family health, and living in line with the principles of nature. And their original customers were local eaters with the same principles, who purchased food from them directly.

Over the years, as more organic food was produced and sales shifted to bigger grocery stores, a movement for an organic certification emerged. The movement was concerned with establishing a set standard for the term so that shoppers could easily identify organic food and so that the term could not be co-opted by farmers not following agreed-upon practices. In 1973, Oregon passed the first state law regulating organic, and other states followed. To create a uniform federal standard, Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act in 1990. Even then, disagreement pervaded the industry. After a few failed attempts, a final rule establishing the USDA organic standards went into effect February 2001.

Chapman was in the first group of farmers to be certified by Vermont’s state program and then later by the USDA. “As the whole system became less intensely local, certification became something that was more important to the participants — both the farmers and to the consumers,” he says. “We had to figure out how to find each other. How do we identify each other in the marketplace when we don’t know each other, and be honest? As far as I was concerned, the whole thing was working pretty well.” For a while, in most ways, it was.

“Cheating” and disagreements in organic

While the vast majority of organic farmers are sticking to the standards the label established, many say that lax USDA enforcement means some are now getting away with “cheating” as they try to cash in on the growing market for organic food. “It’s a failure in the system,” says Cornucopia Institute co-founder Mark Kastel. “Now you have to look for this label and do your homework.”

Cornucopia released its first-ever Organic Dairy Brand Scorecard earlier this year because the association was alarmed by the rise of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in organic dairy, Kastel said. Many conventional dairy cows are kept indoors in large, factory-like settings (although small dairy farms that are not organic do exist). In contrast, the organic standard requires that cows have access to pasture at least 120 days per year. Investigations have revealed, however, that some of the bigger organic dairy brands are not meeting that requirement.

Kastel’s team set out to help consumers separate what he calls “the organic wheat from the organic chaff.” In fact, almost everyone in the industry agrees that the animal welfare requirements in the USDA standard are not in line with what consumers imagine when they choose organic (i.e., happy cows grazing on tall grass). During the Obama administration, a set of rules called the Organic Livestock and Poultry Practices (OLPP) were finalized to correct that discrepancy. The rules focused on further codifying what provisions in the standard related to things like “outdoor space” really meant, so that things like small covered porches outside cramped chicken barns would no longer be seen as sufficient “outdoor access.”

The implementation was delayed, however, until President Donald Trump took office, and in March 2018, the USDA announced it was withdrawing the rules. The leading voice in the industry, the Organic Trade Association (OTA), is now suing the USDA “over the agency’s failure to put into effect new organic livestock standards.” It’s also leading a task force to prevent fraudulent food imports like the aforementioned shipments of “organic” soybeans and corn from Turkey.

“Cheating” isn’t the only issue. Organic farmers and food producers also don’t agree on how to treat companies that are getting into organic food but still primarily produce conventional food within the industry, or on which practices do and don’t belong in organic.

In July of this year, the Nature’s Path cereal and grain brand made a loud exit from the Organic Trade Organization with a press release, citing (among other issues) the association allowing controversial members to join. Those members included BASF, one of the world’s largest producers of pesticides, and Cargill, a company that dominates the market for livestock feed (GMO grain) used in CAFOs. Goldberg of Organic Insider broke the story with an impassioned post outlining how misaligned the interests of the two companies are with the organic mission. (OTA CEO and executive director Laura Batcha said that while the companies do have other interests, the OTA only represents their interests in organic.)

Nature’s Path also cited the OTA’s support for allowing hydroponics in organic as a major factor in its decision, which illustrates how contentious arguments in the organic community can center around distinctions that, to outsiders, may seem small. Hydroponic farming — growing food in water with added nutrients and no soil, usually indoors — has grown in the public consciousness as companies like Square Roots and Gotham Greens have expanded, and many argue that even if those farms are not using any of the substances outlawed by the organic standard — like synthetic pesticides or GMOs — they should not be eligible for organic certification.

“Hydroponics is a complete violation of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990, which says that you have to have a management plan that fosters soil fertility,” Goldberg says, emphasizing that he’s not against hydroponic farming; he just doesn’t think it qualifies as organic. Calling hydroponically farmed greens organic is “creating an unequal playing field for these soil-based farmers who can’t compete fairly,” Goldberg says.

At the end of 2017, the NOSB voted to allow hydroponic vegetables to be certified organic. Supporters of that decision see it as a sign of progress and growth, since it will mean many more fruits and vegetables will be eligible for organic certification. But it didn’t end there.

Are new certifications the answer?

Chapman’s group of protesting farmers decided to forge its own path. A coalition of farmers and industry leaders established the Real Organic Project (ROP), a certification that will function as an “add-on” to the USDA organic label. In other words, it requires farms to be USDA certified but then checks that they’re meeting additional standards — like soil fertility and animal welfare requirements — that the organization feels the USDA is failing to enforce. ROP has lined up 50 farms across the country to launch the certification, and has already inspected about half of them.

Meanwhile, the Regenerative Organic Alliance is trying to raise the bar even higher with a new certification called Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC). Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario — who also helms Patagonia Provisions, maker of packaged foods like smoked salmon and breakfast grains — said the idea came out of an observation: Many forward-thinking food producers began calling their practices “regenerative” to signify they were going beyond organic. “They were saying ‘[Organic] is not going far enough, or you know, it’s too big of a hurdle, or it’s a political lightning rod,” she says.

Marcario and collaborators like Dr. Bronner’s CEO David Bronner didn’t want the term “regenerative” to cannibalize what they saw as its foundation — organic — or to be tossed around in a way that would lose meaning. (While Dr. Bronner’s is known for its soap, it now makes food products too, like coconut oil for kitchen use.) “We thought, well, what’s the harm in putting together the highest bar certification that encompasses those three pillars: soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness?” Marcario says. “The idea is that we’re going to regenerate soil over time, sequester more carbon, and give the customer the peace of mind that the animal welfare standard is the highest level of certification and that we’re providing economic stability and fairness to farmers, ranchers, and workers.”

Twenty-one farms and brands (of 80 that applied) — including Patagonia Provisions and Dr. Bronner’s — are now part of the 2018 pilot program. Marcario expects the ROC certification label to appear on the grocery shelf in early 2019. “We believe in USDA Organic as a baseline,” Marcario says, “but we do think that these additive practices are more important for the actual transformation of agriculture.”

But will an already confused grocery shopper faced with cereals labeled USDA organic, ROP, ROC, non-GMO, and who knows what other acronym really be able to make informed choices? Advocates say certifications, no matter how imperfect, are still the best tool for quickly conveying value to a consumer and leveling the playing field for honest farmers — especially when selling not at a local farmers market, but into a growing global market.

“There’s money to be made; there are fortunes to be made,” Chapman says, “and, you know, we’re not in Kansas anymore.”

Lisa Elaine Held is a journalist based in New York City who covers the intersection of food, health, and sustainability. Keith Carter is an illustrator and designer living in Portland, Oregon. Editors: Erin DeJesus and Daniela Galarza

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Source: https://www.eater.com/2019/1/3/18165140/organic-food-definition-natural-gmo-controversy

[sinister-raeven-blog]

Part 8

"This is your house" Roman said shocked how big the house is "It's just the two of you what is even is this" Seth asked wondering why the house is so big "Sometimes we have people staying with us for a couple weeks.. months and we throw parties so it's the best house for it" aaliyah says to him " you can put your things in any room the left side is side and sin has the right" aaliyah added "I'll start to get the food ready before everyone from both rosters and nxt come on over" sin said "Do you need help sis" aaliyah asked running towards the kitchen "I don't think giving everyone food poisoning will be helpful" sin said avoiding Aaliyah's cooking skills "I get it from dad" Aaliyah says defeated "I'll decorate, and pull out the games and fill the pool" she said walking away "Roman get your ass down here and help me cook I know you know how to" sin yelled from the kitchen " of course it's in my blood, what do you need help with" Roman asked "Grill the brisket but season it will and have it medium well so we don't break people's teeth off" sin informed him "Some people are going to bring other things so we don't have to cook too much" sin told him " what can I help with " Seth came into the kitchen "Nothing to help aaliyah" sin said cleaning the meat and seasoning it putting spices and herbs into it "Gotcha, wait who's getting alcohol" Seth asked turning around again to sin and Roman "Dean" Roman and sin both said to him "Why did I even ask" Seth said walking away like duuh *seth and aaliyah* "Do you want me to put the tiki torches on and light them up" Seth asked and she nodded her head filling the pool with bubbles and throwing floated in it because she can't swim, and turning on the music " can you not swim " Seth asked " hell no im like a dead fish in the water " she told him looking like a dead fish *rolans and sin finish cooking Seth and Aaliyah set everything up* "Can I have a little bit before people come oleaseeeee sin pleaseee" Aaliyah begged "No you always do this fucking wait damnit " sin said as the door rang then she opens the door and it's dean and Siberious "Woof woof " siberious says running towards Aaliyah and jumping on her "My baby boy I missed you look it's auntie sin go give her a hug" Aaliyah send him to her "Sit. Roll. Over. Up. Good boy. " sin says giving him a treat "Roman Seth " dean says waving to them "Seth I'm sorry about the other day it was all business " dean said to him and Seth accept his apology "See my two boys all happy and shit now everyone out your phones away we are all spending tonight technology free" Aaliyah said and everyone laughs because she always on her phone they ignore her and walk to the backyard *30 minutes later everyone comes and they all have a great time * " ember so are you dating Xavier because from the upupdowndown episode it looked like a little flirting " sin said winking her eye at her protege " no we're just very good friends" ember told her "Where your sister I'm surprised she hasn't done something crazy yet " liv asked "Aaliyah dean get down now" Stephanie said "If you both make it into the pool I'll let you say and do whatever you want on raw for a week put $200 each " triple h said betting with Shawn and dx the one of them will break a bone "Dean I'll give you $400 if you give her a stunner" stone cold said laughing m "Deal" dean said walking on the roof to Aaliyah "I'm worth more than $400 Austin " Aaliyah yelled "Aaliyah tut knight if you don't get off the fucking roof I swear. You will not ruin the coin flow I'm getting " sin said looking up to them both "Dean I will personally get a shock collar for tour ass get down now" Roman ordered like a mad dad with his hands on his hips "Jump jump jump" the hype bros and enzo yell "Moonsault? DDT?" Dean asked her and she agreed. Aaliyah moonsaulted down and dean grabbed her neck and gave her a ddt into the water splashing everyone close to them "You could have broken something, why are you both a pain in my ass when you are together" sin said looking st them in the water " he made me" Aaliyah said pointing to dean "She made me " dean said pointing to Aaliyah "Both of you are children I Swear" sin said with a straight face "Pay up boys " the both said to dx " princess that was crazy" Seth said looking at her checking her she's scratched or hurt "I'm don trust me not the worst thing I've done" she said laughing "Is it always like that when they are together " Roman asked "Adrenaline junkies. This isn't even half of it " Sin said talking ibuprofen for her headache *the bbq lasted until 2am and everyone helped clean, Sin and Roman and Seth and Aaliyah and Dean all go to sleep in the living room* "Siberious come snuggle with mommy" aaliyah said "What about me" Seth asked "Go snuggle with dean" sin said smirking "They've done that before.." Roman informed the girls "You guys cuddled " they asked shocked "It was one time and roman took the other bed so we had to share" Seth said rolling this eyes " awww I'd pay to see that " the girls both say *seth Aaliyah and siberious cuddled together as Roman and sin cuddled together all falling asleep-a* *the next morning*

[farrmillpestcontrol]

Pest Control And The Importance Of It

If you have a certain type of problem in the house that you want to get rid of, it is best to call a pest control expert to do the job. There are many services that a pest control expert can provide. You need only find one that you can trust with the task at hand. The most important thing you need to know about a pest control expert is their track record. This will give you a better idea of how reliable they are.

Before you hire anyone to do the job, ask for client testimonials or recommendations. A good pest control professional will not only offer a guarantee for his services but also provide you with a list of pests he has exterminated in the past. In this way, you will know if he is capable of eradicating the type of rodents or insects you have in your house. They will also deal with pesky pests like mice, ants, roaches, and spiders, all of which can be very damaging to you and your family.

An experienced pest control expert will usually treat your entire house, or at least most of it. This way, he will know what materials to use and how to avoid toxic chemicals when treating structural pests. When treating small insects and rodents like rabbits and squirrels, there are some standard insecticides for use. However, there are also a few "do it yourself" insecticides which are safe for smaller animals and insects. When you call for the service of an expert, you should expect that he will already have all the necessary tools and chemicals for his job, such as bait and traps.

Pests like ants can affect your kitchen, dining room, attic, garage, and any other part of your house. You can prevent these pests by keeping the areas clean and dry. Cleaning the soil around your houses will make it easier for your pest control experts to spray the soil with pesticides chemicals, which will kill the pests. If you are having a tough time cleaning up your garden or bushes because of ants, then use pesticides chemicals sparingly.

Some pesticides chemicals are available in both baits and liquid sprays. The most popular one is the DDT, or DuPont Diatomaceous Earth. The term D TD is actually an acronym for the following chemical materials: DDT (ddytetrothal), DE (diethyl-methane), IGR (sulfhydryl, and hydrazine sulfate), MLF (miticide methoxychlor), and TDI (toluene diisocyanate). There are several other chemical compounds available for pest control, but these are the most commonly used in integrated pest management systems.

In order to get rid of micro pests, you must first prevent them from coming back. One effective way of preventing them from coming back is by using termite bait. Baiting, which involves applying pesticides directly onto the affected area, prevents the ants from coming back. Other kinds of bait, which are available in stores or on the Internet, also serve the same purpose.

Pest control is important not only for building owners but for health problems as well. When building owners find out that they have termites and other pests inside their building, they should immediately contact their local building authorities and pest control companies. These professionals can provide assistance on finding ways of getting rid of the problem.

As for health problems, people who suffer from allergic reactions to insect bites or poison injections usually turn to biological control methods. Many homeowners opt to use biological control methods since they are safer alternatives than traditional pesticides. A common method of using biological control is to directly inject mosquitoes with a chemical known as drinconazole. However, this process can be quite dangerous, thus, it is best to consult an insect expert if you are not sure about how to go about using drinconazole.

[hazyheel]

NJPW G1 Climax 2019 Day 4 Review

We opened up the B block with Shingo Takagi vs. Toru Yano in a first time match up. The match started with Takagi insisting that Yano take off his shirt so that he couldn’t cheat, but when he actually started to take it off, Takagi attacked. He did not keep control for long, as Yano grabbed the turnbuckle pad and sent him into the exposed turnbuckle, before pulling his shirt over Takagi’s head and trying for the pin. Yano then retreated to the outside, and sat in a chair waiting for Takagi. Takagi still attacked, and ended up with a drop toe hold into the chair as the ref started his count. Yano then pulled the barricade and several announce tables into Takagi’s way to ensure the countout, but he blew right threw them. At the count of 18, Yano desperately threw the turnbuckle pad into Takagi’s face on the outside, but Takagi still made it back in the ring. Yano kept trying to pull out his old tricks, but Takagi kept fighting out of them. Yano then pushed Takagi into the ref, and threw a chair to Takagi, claiming to the downed ref that he was hit in the face with the chair. BUSHI then ran down to plead with the referee not to disqualify Takagi, while the two competitors battled over the chair. Takagi eventually got ahold of it and threw the chair at Yano’s face, following up with a pumping bomber for the win. Takagi: 2, Yano: 2. 

Grade: B-. Fun match, typical Yano comedy stuff, but it is always fun when someone super serious goes up against Yano. Takagi was not having any of Yano’s tricks. He was going to beat the crap out of him, and if that meant cheating, then so be it. Good win for Takagi, but lets hope that he can get some victories over some bigger names later on in the tournament. Good try Yano.

Next up was Juice Robinson vs. Hirooki Goto. These two have a 2:0 record in favor of Goto, clashing twice last year. The two started things up with a test of strength, which Juice actually came out on top of with a leg lariat. Goto quickly took control back with his fierce kicks and strikes to the back and chest. This match had a lot of back and forth to it. Neither guy could really keep the other on the ground for any length of time. In spite of this, Goto started to work over Robinson’s neck using a combination of strikes to the neck and neckbreakers to weaken him down, but Juice still was able to take control not long after. Goto simply wore Robinson down throughout the match using vicious kicks to the chest, eventually causing Robinson to just collapse to the mat. As Goto went to follow up with the reverse GTR, Robinson reversed into a huge jackhammer for a near fall. Robinson then went for left hand to god, but Goto countered with a headbutt on the hand. Goto then went for a left of his own, but Juice headbutt the hand in return, giving him another headbutt, left hand to God and then hit the Pump Friction for the win. 

Grade: B+. Really good match here, although it didn’t quite reach the heights of their first encounter. Both guys came into the match with more fire and determination than they have ever had, and that showed in their moves. Neither man wanted to go down, and they were fighting to the very end. I was shocked to see Robinson get the win here, but I’m glad he did. He is a genuine threat in the B block right now, and should be treated as such. And the same goes for Goto, but he was always a threat. Good stuff.

Then we had a battle of gaijin, Jeff Cobb vs. Jon Moxley. This is their first head to head contest in history, two of the hottest acts in wrestling today. Moxley tried to overpower Cobb early on, but he realized after one body check that he couldn’t hang with the much bigger guy, so he tried for some amateur wrestling, but still was overpowered. That was when Moxley started to fight dirty a bit, which allowed him to hand with his larger opponent. He started to work on the shoulder, which gave him a spot to attack in order to take control. The two battled out to the ramp, where Moxley tried and failed to hit a powerbomb, and opted for a striking contest instead. Moxley slammed Cobb’s shoulder into the ring apron, and he had the match won by countout, but he opted to just break the count instead. They then fought back in the ring, where Cobb had the advantage. Cobb was using every power move that he had, but every one of them injured the targeted shoulder. However, even when Moxley had the advantage, he couldn’t get Cobb up for deathrider. In the finish, the two fought on the apron, with Cobb threatening to German suplex Moxley onto the apron or even off of it, but Moxley fought back. Cobb eventually gave Moxley a vertical suplex back into the ring, and then tried to enter himself. However, Moxley caught him with a running knee, and then gave him a hanging deathrider for the win. Moxley: 4, Cobb: 0. 

Grade: C+. Not the greatest match in the world. The they didn’t have great chemistry together, but their match was okay. I loved how Moxley figured out how to beat down Cobb, and maintain the advantage during the match. He also hurt Cobb’s shoulder, which may come back to haunt him for the rest of the tournament. Moxley is looking good this tournament, I wonder how well he will end up doing. 

In another first time match, we have NEVER Openweight champion Tomohiro Ishii vs. Jay White. Somehow, these two have yet to have a singles match together. Just like his first match, White retreated to the outside right as the match started. Ishii followed him out, but White then hopped back in the ring, so Ishii got right up in Gedo’s face. White then tried to confront Ishii, but he kept the advantage. He had White on the ground on the outside, and was going to beat him with a chair, but got distracted by Gedo and was sent face first into the ring post. The two then got back in the ring, where Ishii continued to fight through any pain that White delivered to him. White kept trying to frustrate Ishii, which only led to Ishii delivering a series of chops to the throat which really shut up White. Ishii showed his durability in this match by just refusing to go down, whether White used lariats or strikes. That was when White started to show off his power game. He caught Ishii out of a lariat, giving him a flatliner followed by a huge German suplex. After finally and decisively putting Ishii on the ground, White again tried to taunt Ishii, which pissed Ishii off to no end. He started to no sell and even lean into White’s stikes, and then no sold a saito suplex, delivering a thunderous forearm of his own. Ishii then hit a stalling superplex for a near fall and it looked awesome. Stalling moves are so so cool. White then tried for Blade Runner, but it was countered into almost a short rainmaker. White immediately fought back with a sleeper suplex and went for blade runner, but Ishii then countered with a german suplex of his own. As White began to slowly lose more and more exchanges, Gedo again tried to get involved, which didn’t actually net him any offense, as Ishii scored a sliding lariat. The two then continued to jockey for position and countering out of each others finishers, before Ishii nailed a flatliner and a brutal lariat for a two count. Ishii then hit the vertical drop brainbuster for the win. Ishii: 4, White: 0. 

Grade: A. A hard hitting and awesome match. This match was almost total comeuppance for Jay White. He tried to play his usual games with Ishii, but he didn’t stand for them. Ishii constantly beat down White, but White really showed his strength in this match. He is a little cocky, but if he got his ego under control, he would be a huge threat in the block. More so than he already is. Ishii looked great here, a total menace and a badass all around. And this is probably one of White’s best matches that he has ever had, so I’m impressed with that. I am excited to see when White will actually start to pick up some points. Match of the night here. 

And in the main event, we had Taichi vs. Tetsuya Naito. These two have fought five times before, 3:2 in favor of Taichi. However, both of Naito’s wins came when the two became heavyweights, so Naito may have surpassed Taichi. Yoshinobu Kanemaru came out to be in Taichi’s corner, very interesting. In the preview tag match, Taichi teased using the iron glove that used to belong to Takashi Iizuka. The two took a while before they squared off, just circling each other in the ring. Eventually, Naito got frustrated and just lied on the mat, waiting for Taichi to pin him. When Taichi went down for the win, Naito tried for a rollup, and the pace quickened for just a moment before Naito slowed things down with mind games again. Naito eventually lured Taichi to the outside where they brawled a bit, until Taichi shoved Miho Abe into Naito to cause a distraction. Naito actually nearly hit her, but Kanemaru talked him down. While the ref was dealing with all those people at ringside, Taichi hit a low blow on Naito, taking the advantage and continuing to be a heel. Naito worked over Taichi’s neck during the match, using various neckbreakers and even a full Nelson. Taichi also focused on the neck, but used heavy kicks and suplexes. As Taichi maintained the advantage, Miho Abe passed him the glove. He started to motion to the crowd, calling someone down. The young lions all rushed to stop them, but it was just a diversion. Taichi tried to hit Naito with the glove, but Naito got the low dropkick, followed by a tornado DDT for a near fall. As Taichi went for black mephisto, Naito shoved Red Shoes into the corner, and gave Taichi a pop up low blow, a poison rana and a destino, with Taichi kicking out at 2! Naito tried again, but Taichi countered into black mephisto, but couldn’t make the cover. The two continued to fight, with Taichi no selling a german suplex, and even pulled Red Shoes in the way of a flying forearm. Kanemaru then went for the whiskey spit, but Naito closed his mouth and knocked him off the apron. Taichi went for the Iron fingers again, but was countered into almost a short brainbuster, but no ref was up for the count. Kanemaru continued to distract the ref, and Taichi finally hit with the Iron Glove. He then hit a huge last ride for the win. Taichi: 2, Naito: 0.

Grade: B+. A bit of a slow start, but this really got exciting by the end. As much as I love Naito, I found myself rooting for Taichi so that he could get a hit with the iron fingers. These two have very good chemistry, and can tell a really good story together. It also tells that Naito will have a very difficult road if he plans on winning the block now. Four points is a lot to be down, but he can make it up. Taichi is having an impressive run, and he will be entertaining to watch, but I don’t think he will win. Good stuff between these two, and I hope that Naito can recover and get into the upper Echelon of his block. 

Overall Grade: B

Pros: Robinson vs. Goto; White vs. Ishii; main event

Cons: Moxley and Cobb didn’t blend together super well; poor Red Shoes took like 10 bumps

[maritimemanual]

What Are The Causes And Effects Of Ocean Pollution?

Ocean pollution has become a serious problem confronting the world. It cannot be ignored for long. We know that oceans cover most of the surface of our planet. In fact, more than 70% of the entire Earth’s surface is covered by some kind of a water body. Oceans and other water bodies are very important for us as they provide us with many natural resources like salt and other important minerals.

They also provide us with energy resources like oil, gas and some precious metals. They play an essential role in the regulation of temperatures and climate. Oceans are responsible for more than 70% of the oxygen on earth because they contain a microscopic plant called the phytoplankton.

Oceans are also an important source of food for people. Many people on earth depend on fish for proteins. Several sea plants and algae are also used to cook food.

Oceans are the natural habitat of millions of species of plants and animals. Pollution of the ocean affects them the most. Also, more than 60% of the human population lives on the coastline and depends directly on oceans for their livelihood.

Oceans also provide us with an extremely important means of transport that is ships and other vessels. The fact that water transport is one of the most economical in the world makes oceans even more crucial an indispensable for us. The marine industry is also one of the biggest employers in the world employing millions of people.

Oceans also hold military strategic and fundamental political importance.

Despite being aware of all of this we can find today’s seas and oceans being polluted and contaminated because of human activities over the past few decades, much like most of the other natural resources on the planet. Today, many toxic chemicals are present in the oceans which are harmful to all living beings on Earth. Many human activities are causing damage to oceans and marine biodiversity.

This article discusses some of the major causes of ocean pollution, how it is affecting our planet and why it is so important to understand the severity of our activities.

Causes of Ocean Pollution

1) Oil Industry

Skimming Oil after an Oil Spill pic: https://ift.tt/1embLMv

The oil industry is one of the most catastrophic causes of ocean pollution, the major reason for this being oil spills. Oil spills threaten the survival of marine life by cutting down their oxygen supply and contaminating their habitat. Even the smallest of all spells are known to have caused great damage to not only fish and aquatic mammals but also birds and sea otters. Oil spills are caused by offshore drilling rigs and boat and ship leakages.

It takes a lot of time and resources to remove oil from oceans and reduce the damage caused by just one oil spill. Still, the discharged oil cannot be completely cleaned up and continues to pollute the oceans for several years.

2) Garbage Dumping

Garbage Dumping

A lot of garbage and other waste materials are dumped in the ocean by factories, industries, ships, and tankers every year. This garbage usually contains toxic materials and chemicals like mercury or DDT. All these chemicals can cause great damage to ocean life as well as human life due to eutrophication or biomagnification. Inland pollution also contributes to ocean pollution significantly.

Much of the pollutants in the ocean are released into the water from coastlines. These can include trash, bits, and pieces of plastics and cans, etc which slowly move into the ocean and then later can take hundreds of years to decompose. Small pieces of garbage can also be accidentally ingested by marine animals like turtles or dolphins which can result in their deaths over time.

3) Ocean Mining

Mining activities taking place in the deep oceans is also a major cause of ocean pollution. The ocean floor is drilled and dug for the extraction of minerals and metal ores such as silver, gold, zinc, aluminum, etc. Mining processes unknown to generate scores of sulfide deposits in the water which results in the destruction of oceans and coastal regions.

These also increase the toxicity levels in the oceans in the mining areas. Mining can also lead to leakages and oil spills which can have further devastating impacts on the environment.

4) Sewage

Sewage Dumping In Sea

Sewage or wastewater and its component excrements that are transported in the sewer system are finally released in the ocean waters. This wastewater consists of human or animal waste and dirty or used water. Some of the substances can be very harmful and cause serious health problems to the marine organisms if consumed. Sewage water is hardly ever treated before being released into water bodies. This results in the pollution of not just oceans or seas but also other water bodies like rivers or lakes.

5) Noise Pollution

It may be surprising to know that noise pollution is also one of the biggest threats to marine life. Rainy season noise pollution and the sea because of the ocean traffic as well as the sound from sonar devices and ocean mining. Also, sound waves travel faster in the deep sea than in air.

Many sea creatures use sound communication to meet, navigate and find food. Hence the increasing human-generated noise pollution in the oceans is are affecting the migration and reproduction patterns of many marine species like whales and dolphins.

6) Nuclear Waste

Nuclear waste is the waste generated by industrial, scientific and medical activities that use radioactive material. The main culprits of nuclear pollution in the oceans are the industries that produce nuclear waste such as power stations, reprocessing plants, and the military.

The food chain of marine animals is affected when the radiation from nuclear waste enters it through planktons and kelps. Marine animals also become contaminated when they consume it.

7) Thermal Pollution

Thermal pollution is caused when the water quality is lowered because of activities that change the water temperature. Some of the major causes of thermal pollution are manufacturing companies and power plants which release hot water into water bodies leading to a change in temperature of the ocean.

If the temperature of the ocean is suddenly changed it leads to a reduction in the oxygen supply and affects the entire ecosystem. Aquatic animals are not adapted to such high temperatures and may get affected or even killed by thermal shock.

8) Acid Rain

Acid rain is caused when harmful substances like nitrogen oxide, are released into the atmosphere and react with water or other substances in the air and form nitric acid or sulphuric acid. This may be caused by any kind of pollution but when these chemicals find their way into marine waters, they can severely affect the life of sea creatures and increase the acidity of ocean water by decreasing the pH value.

Effects

Ocean pollution has led to many adverse effects on marine life as well as human life. The release of toxic waste and oceans because of activities like oil spills, the release of wastewater, dumping of waste, etc affects the life of sea creatures drastically. Other sea creatures many birds that depend on fish for their food are also affected. If these sea animals are consumed by humans, they can also cause several diseases.

When there is an oil spin the supply of oxygen in that region-wise cut off of which affects the marine life in that area. Oil also prevents sunlight from reaching plants and affects the process of photosynthesis. This can even disrupt the cycle of coral reefs.

When garbage dumped in the ocean, most of it does not get decomposed for several years and causes degradation of oxygen. The dropping of oxygen levels can affect the survival of animals like whales, dolphins, penguins, turtles, sharks, etc. over the course of time.

Poisonous chemicals, pesticides, and industrial and agricultural waste also pose a threat to marine life. They can get accumulated in the fatty tissues of animals which can lead to the damage of their reproductive systems. This, in turn, puts that species on the verge of being endangered. the chemicals which are released into rivers eventually come down into the oceans. They are insoluble in the ocean waters and hence, sink at the bottom of the ocean. Animals at the bottom of the food chain may eat these hazardous chemicals. The effect of these chemicals can multiply as the food chain progresses and cause biomagnification which may also affect human beings.

Finally, all of these causes of ocean pollution affect human beings as humans consume fish and other sea animals which may have been contaminated. Toxic substances and chemicals released into the oceans can hence cause long-term health problems and defects for human beings.

Natural resources are a gift to us. We should realize that human beings are not the only creatures living on the planet and that their activities can be injurious to other species as well. Our earth is getting more and more polluted by the minute and it is high time we took necessary actions at a personal as well as industrial level in order to save it because all of these will eventually cause the destruction of the entire planet including humans.

from WordPress https://www.maritimemanual.com/causes-and-effects-of-ocean-pollution/

[supplementsmegamart]

Keto Extreme Diet Zero

Keto Extreme Diet Zero: You may have considered going on a diet to lose weight. And more likely than not, you were told that you needed to change what you were eating. You needed a new diet. Skip the sugar. Skip processed foods. Give up the sodas, juice, cookies and cake. This is all true. You need to curb your intake of junk foods and sugary foods. But, there is something else that you may have not considered. Despite how great a diet of leafy greens and whole fruits sounds, it may contribute to weight gain as well. How? Keto Extreme Diet Zero Well, when you eat certain foods you may get more than just the food itself. And this can be dangerous for your body and affect your weight loss results. The Standard American Diet (SAD) is just like its acronym, SAD. Today the average Americans diet includes all sorts of chemicals, pesticides, growth hormones, antibiotics, plastic pollutants, and dioxin residues. Not only is this detrimental to our overall health, but to our actual metabolism and weight loss goals. You can get fatter and eat less calories. It's not fair! Especially for those who already are dealing with health issues that limit their mobility.

Pick Your Poison: Eating Healthy Just Got Harder

Toxins in your food can contribute to weight issues and obesity. The chemicals disrupt the function of our hormonal system. These toxins have been dubbed as obesogens. What's worse is that the obesogens are found in some of our most loved, healthy, weight loss certified foods. You will find them in soy weight loss products. Keto Extreme Diet Zero They have infiltrated poultry and meat treated with artificial hormones and "natural flavors," plastic pollutants in a lot of our food packaging, chemicals in processed, packaged and microwaveable foods, and pesticides sprayed directly on our "healthy" fruits and veggies. It is important to have 2 - 5 servings of vegetables and fruit per day for weight loss. Vegetables and fruits are a great source of nutrients, Keto Extreme Diet Zero especially vegetables like kale, chard, spinach and broccoli. However, it is important that you know something about the source and farming of your fruit and vegetables. Many fruits and vegetables are treated with pesticides, or are potentially lab derived fruit and vegetables, not created through natural selection.  Keto Extreme Diet Zero These things can have adverse effects on the body, specifically on the endocrine system and your body's fat burning potential. And, unfortunately, this system when disrupted gain result in rapid weight gain and have a dramatic impact on you weight loss. If you have been exercising everyday and the weight refuses to fall off then you endocrine system is probably having issues.

How can Keto Extreme Diet Zero be?

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Keto Extreme Diet Zero Bottoms Up: Watch What You Drink

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Benefits of Activated Charcoal for Health and Beauty

NOTE: This is a very long, information-packed article on the benefits of activated charcoal. To make it easier to navigate, don't forget to use the Table of Contents button that will be to your right!

Don't forget to check out our Ultimate Guide on How to Detoxify Your Body and Home (+ Recipes)!

Activated charcoal powder is an amazing substance and there are many benefits of activated charcoal. It adsorbs more poisons than any other substance known to mankind.

What, Exactly, is Activated Charcoal?

So, what exactly is activated charcoal? You might have heard of this product around, especially if you are interested in more natural health options. It is not uncommon to see it mentioned as being used for things like teeth whitening, or maybe you have been on Amazon and seen a container of charcoal being sold as a mask or facial scrub.

This is all true! Activated charcoal is amazing for health and beauty, but its original purpose was a little different.

Activated charcoal is actually a type of activated carbon that is processed into a powder substance. Its purpose is to help trap the toxins that are in the body so that they can be drawn out or flushed through other meant, in order for your body to stop absorbing them.

Where it Comes From

Activated charcoal can be made from different sources, but when it is being processed for the purpose of health and beauty, it typically comes from more natural and healthy sources. This often includes coconut shells, coconut husk, and other nut shells.

Its Original Use

Before activated charcoal was used for natural beauty and health purposes as it is used for now, it was used to help people who were struggling with alcohol and drug overdoses, as well as alcohol poisoning. It would help to stop the toxins from affecting the body too much, and was actually found in trauma centers in various countries. As you will see below, it also has a lot of other medical uses, from helping with hangovers, to treating bloating.

What Makes Activated Charcoal so Special?

The uses of activated charcoal powder are many and varied. It can adsorb lead acetate, strychnine, DDT, many drugs (including cocaine, iodine, penicillin, aspirin, phenobarbital), and inorganic substances (chlorine, lead, and mercury).

Activated charcoal powder can adsorb thousands of times its own weight in gases, heavy metals, poisons, and other chemicals; thus it renders them ineffective and harmless. As this absorption ability is one of the major benefits of activated charcoal, this substance is routinely used in hospitals and by physicians.

It can adsorb intestinal gas and deodorizes foul-smelling gases of various kinds.

Why are there So Many Activated Charcoal Benefits?

Activated charcoal powder can do these various things because of its ability to attract other substances to its surface and hold them there. This is called “adsorption” (not absorption). Another one of the benefits of activated charcoal is that it can adsorb thousands of times its own weight in harmful substances. One teaspoonful of it has a surface area of more than 10,000 square feet.

The British medical journal, Lancet, discusses the amazing ability of the human skin to allow transfer of liquids, gases, and even micro-particles through its permeable membrane and pores, by the application of a moist, activated charcoal poultice and compress which actually draw bacteria and poisons through the skin and into the poultice or compress! The article describes the use of activated charcoal compresses to speed the healing of wounds and eliminate their odors. But the activated charcoal poultices must be kept moist and warm for this healing process to occur.

History of the Uses of Activated Charcoal Powder

Ancient Egyptian doctors, as well as Hippocrates (the Greek physician), recommended the use of charcoal for medicinal purposes due to the many benefits of activated charcoal. North American Indians used it for gas pains and skin infections. It eases inflammation and bruises.

Let's Talk Benefits of Activated Charcoal

A 1981 research study found that activated charcoal powder reduces the amount of gas produced by eating beans and other gas-forming foods. It adsorbs the excess gas, along with the bacteria which form the gas.

Another of the benefits of activated charcoal is that it helps eliminate bad breath, because it cleanses both the mouth and the digestive tract. It also helps to purify the blood.

It relieves symptoms of nervous diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea (turista), spastic colon, indigestion, and peptic ulcers. For such problems, take between 1-1 1/2 tablespoons of powdered activated charcoal up to 3 times a day. Because food will reduce the effectiveness and benefits of activated charcoal, take it between meals. Swirl the charcoal in a glass of water and then drink it down; or mix it with olive oil and spoon it into your mouth.

Activated charcoal powder was placed in gas masks during World War I; and it effectively counteracted poison gas.

Bad odors, caused by skin ulcers, have been eliminated by placing charcoal-filled cloth over plastic casts. It has been used externally to effectively adsorb wound secretions, bacteria, and toxins. And, in an activated charcoal poultice and pack, it treats infections of the face, eyelids, skin, or extremities.

It is one of the best substances in poultices for mushroom poisoning, insect stings, brown recluse spider bites, black widow bites, and various types of snake bites. And we're still not done listing the all of the health and beauty activated charcoal benefits!

It is used in water purification, air purification, and for removing undesirable odors and impurities in food. Keep reading, the list of the benefits of activated charcoal goes on!

Charcoal is the most-used remedy when many different types of poisons may have been swallowed. Another of the beneficial properties of activated charcoal is that it is also used for diarrhea and indigestion.

Another one of the healthy uses for activated charcoal powder is its use for jaundice of the newborn, poison oak and ivy reactions, and many other illnesses.

All research studies show activated charcoal powder to be harmless when it is accidentally inhaled, swallowed, or in contact with the skin. (But if enough is swallowed, it can cause a mild constipation.) No allergies to it have been reported. But it is best not to take activated charcoal longer than 12 weeks without stopping. Do not take it regularly for long periods of time.

No home, especially one with children, should be without Activated Charcoal. You can purchase high-quality and effective Activated Charcoal here and enjoy the many benefits of activated charcoal for health. Starwest Botanicals is where to buy Activated Charcoal!

How to Use Activated Charcoal to Whiten Your Teeth

If you want to give activated charcoal a try for whitening your teeth, you should have a toothbrush you use only for this purpose. It is going to stain and will be hard to clean out, so don’t use your regular toothbrush.

You will open up the charcoal container, then dip your toothbrush in water. Give it a shake so there isn’t a lot of water on it, then dip it into the charcoal. You can now just brush your teeth as you normally would, paying good attention to the fronts of your teeth. When you spit it out, you might want to get a little water to swish around. You can then rinse your mouth until your spit is completely clear.

Be extra careful with charcoal when brushing your teeth with it, since it might stain your clothing if you aren’t careful. It is a good idea to wear a t-shirt you don’t care too much about.

How to Use Activated Charcoal for Skin and Hair

Activated charcoal also has some great uses for beauty, including your skin and hair. You can actually buy natural products for your skin or hair that has activated charcoal in it, or you can make your own with the charcoal powder.

The exact same powder you buy for other uses, including teeth whitening, can usually be used for making your own product. Since it is a powder, it is good to add to different DIY face scrubs, adding in some other natural products as well. You can also make your own mask by adding natural ingredients like honey and essential oils, or just water to turn it into a paste.

You can also add a tiny bit to your shampoo and use it for your hair, but be careful if you have light hair. There is a slight risk of it causing discoloration.

How to Make a Natural Mascara with Activated Charcoal

This one is pretty cool, actually. Mascara – You can make your own natural and healthy mascara using coconut oil, aloe vera gel, beeswax and charcoal powder. It's healthy, free of chemicals and looks gorgeous. Learn how here. (Don't worry, it's pretty simple to make!) Ultimately, it would be worth your while to figure out how to best get rid of wrinkles when you're young so you’re not caught off-guard when you start to visibly age.

Reduce Gas and Bloating with Activated Charcoal

According to the Journal of Gastroenterology, you can also try taking activated charcoal if you are experiencing gas or bloating. You should talk to your doctor or a health practitioner to discuss dosing, but you typically want to take it before a meal that might produce, as opposed to after you already have gas.

Make sure you are drinking plenty of water with, before, and after taking the activated charcoal.

Activated Charcoal Can Help Prevent a Hangover

When you start researching activated charcoal, one thing you will probably notice is that it is often advertised as something to help prevent hangovers. People are running to their local health food store to pick up charcoal pills that they take before drinking to try to prevent their hangover.

There have been several studies, with mixed results, but it can be worth a try. It has shown to lower blood alcohol levels or the effects of them in some people, as the charcoal helps with alcohol absorption. Others did not see a significant difference.

It should not be used as a way to encourage you to drink heavier, however, so practice caution and always drink responsibly.

Using Activated Charcoal to Detox

As you probably have guessed, activated charcoal can also be used to help detox your body. Its ability to stop toxins from further damaging your body is incredibly useful. There are capsules of activated charcoal that you can try taking in order to help detox your body, or you can remove toxins by applying the powder to your skin after mixing it with water to create a paste. Some people are adding the powder to juice or lemonade,and calling it black lemonade.

Just make sure you talk to your doctor before ingesting this, and be wary of other medications you are taking along with the charcoal.

Dr. Al Sears, MD, has his patients use activated charcoal for detoxifying their bodies from even heavy metals, and he shares that he uses it himself. For heavy metal detoxifying, Dr. Sears recommends a total of 20 grams per day, spaced in two to four doses over a 12-day period. Some prefer taking a heaping tablespoon first thing in the morning, well before breakfast for general detoxification.

The fine activated charcoal powder is placed into six to eight ounces of pure un-fluoridated water in a jar. Let it settle for a just a bit, cap the jar, shake very well, and then drink it quickly. There's no strange or bad taste, but it does have a mildly disconcerting gritty texture.

According to Dr. Sears, “ … one gram of (activated charcoal) – an amount the size of your fingernail – can absorb enough toxins to fill the square footage of four tennis courts.”

Richard C. Kaufman, BS, MS, PhD, (Bio-nutritional Chemistry from the University of Brussels) agrees with Dr. Sears on activated charcoal benefits for detoxing. “Detoxification is an on-going biological process that prevents toxins (from infectious agents, food, air, water, and substances that contact the skin) from destroying health. Chronic exposure to toxins produces cellular damage, diverse diseases, allergic like reactions, compromised immunity and premature aging,” he says.

As a general detox plan to counteract daily exposures to toxins, Dr. Kaufman has found two programs that, using activated charcoal, have worked well for him and others. He recommends either.

Use activated charcoal on two consecutive days each week. Take a total of 20 to 35 grams each day divided into two or three doses. Take in the morning, at midday and before bed on an empty stomach. Avoid excessive calories or processed foods on those days.

Take about 20 grams a day of activated charcoal in divided doses for several months. Follow with a one-month break and resume the cycle.

Physicians primarily use activated charcoal:

1 – To treat poisonous bites from snakes, spiders, and insects (38). 2 – To treat poisonings in general, as well as overdoses of aspirin, Tylenol, and other drugs. 3 – To treat some forms of dysentery, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and foot-and-mouth disease. 4 – To disinfect and deodorize wounds. 5 – To eliminate toxic by-products that cause anemia in cancer patients. 6 – To filter toxins from the blood in liver and kidney diseases. 7 – To purify blood in transfusions.

The Benefits of Activated Charcoal for Poisoning

Although activated charcoal can be used as an antidote in poisoning from most drugs and chemicals, it will not be effective against the following: cyanide, alcohol, caustic alkalies (such as lye), mineral acids, or boric acids. Strong alkaline and acid poisons need to be treated with solutions with the opposite pH.

For example, until the ambulance arrives, calcium powder in water will help offset acids and vinegar will help offset alkalies. Consult a Poison Control Center (phone numbers are in the front of your phone book) or a doctor immediately, for instructions and information in any poisoning emergency.

When mixed with water and swallowed to counteract poisoning, activated charcoal powder adsorbs the poison or drug, inactivating it. It then carries it inert through the entire length of the digestive tract and out of the body. One of the best things about activated charcoal is that it is not absorbed, adsorbed, neutralized, nor metabolized by the body.

No home, especially one with children, should be without Activated Charcoal. You can purchase high-quality and effective Activated Charcoal Powder here and enjoy the many activated charcoal benefits for your family.

In a poisoning emergency, if the victim is conscious, first induce vomiting (unless he has swallowed an acid) if it can be done quickly. Ipecac is a commonly used emetic. The dosage is 1/2 oz. for children and 1 oz. for adults. Induced vomiting will bring up about 30 percent of the poison from the stomach.

Then give the activated charcoal to help inactivate the remaining 70 percent. The usual dose is 5-50 grams of charcoal, depending on age and body size. Adults should be given at least 30 grams (about half a cup of lightly packed powder), depending on the amount of poison ingested. Larger doses will be needed if the person has eaten a meal recently.

A dose of 200 grams is not excessive in cases of severe poisoning. The activated charcoal will reach its maximum rate of adsorption within one minute. The sooner it is given, the more complete will be the adsorption of the poison. Always keep a large jar of activated charcoal in your kitchen! The dose can be repeated every four hours or until charcoal appears in the stool.

Never give activated charcoal, or anything else, to an unconscious person to swallow. Contact a physician or ambulance immediately.

Do not give charcoal before giving an emetic (to get him to vomit), because the charcoal will neutralize the emetic. Remember that activated charcoal will not work in cases of poisoning by strong acids or alkalines.

Partial list of substances activated charcoal adsorbs

Acetaminophen / Aconitine / Amitriptyline / hydrochloride / Amphetamine / Antimony / Antipyrine / Arsenic / Aspirin / Atropine / Barbital, Barbiturates / Ben-Gay / Benzodiazepines / Cantharides / Camphor / Chlordane / Chloroquine / Chlorpheniramine / Chlorpromazine / Cocaine / Colchicine / Congesprin / Contact / Dalmane / Darvon / Delphinium / Diazepam / 2-, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid / Digitalis (Foxglove) / Dilantin / Diphenylhydantoin / Diphenoxylates / Doriden / Doxepin / Elaterin / Elavil / Equanil / Ergotamine / Ethchlorvynol / Gasoline / Glutethimide / Golden chain / Hemlock / Hexachlorophene / Imipramine / Iodine / Ipecac / Isoniazid / Kerosene / Lead acetate / Malathion / Mefenamic acid / Meprobamate / Mercuric chloride / Mercury / Methylene blue / Methyl salicylate / Miltown / Morphine / Multivitamins and minerals / Muscarine / Narcotics / Neguvon / Nicotine / Nortriptyline / Nytol / Opium / Oxazepam / Parathion / Penicillin / Pentazocine / Pentobarbital / Pesticides / Phenobarbital / Phenolphthalein / Phenol / Phenothiazines / Phenylpropanolamine / Placidyl / Potassium permanganate / Primaquine / Propantheline / Propoxyphene / Quinacrine / Quinidine / Quinine / Radioactive substances / Salicylamide / Salicylates / secobarbital / Selenium / Serax / Silver / Sinequan / Sodium Salicylate / Sominex / Stramonium / Strychnine / Sulfonamides / Talwin / Tofranil / Tree tobacco / Yew / Valium / Veratrine / Some silver and antimony salts / Many herbicides

Even More Activated Charcoal Benefits

Many of these benefits of activated charcoal are anecdotal – meaning they are based on the testimony of various individuals. Where there is scientific research, it is noted, as it is also noted if it's an anecdotal benefit.

Indigestion, Heartburn, Acid Reflux (GERD) – Activated charcoal quickly adsorbs excessive stomach acid as well as many of the irritating substances produced from half-digested stomach contents. Mix 1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon of activated charcoal powder into a glass of water and drink.

Acne – A 14-year-old girl was treated with an activated charcoal lotion for severe pustular and cystic acne. According to the researchers, “The procedure was well-tolerated. By the fourth treatment significant improvement was observed, and by the sixth treatment, better than 90 percent clearance of inflammatory lesions was achieved. At the 8-week follow-up after the last treatment, long-lasting improvements in the patient's acne were noted. Improvement was also noted in closed comedones and in the general skin condition, especially pores, sebum reduction, and the red spots seen after inflammatory acne.” For the full report go to: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 02/2011; 29(2):131-5. Source: PubMed

Acute Psychotic Mania – “Resolution of a manic episode treated with activated charcoal: Evidence for brain-gut axis in bipolar disorder” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry July 2015

Ruptured/Abscessed Appendix (anecdotal – please seek medical attention for this condition) – Read more here.

Arthritis (anecdotal) – Anecdotal evidence of charcoal working for Gouty arthritis of the feet – taken orally in conjunction with a warm foot bath with charcoal powder stirred in. Read more here.

Infant Colic

High Blood Pressure (anecdotal)

Diarrhea

Bowel Disease such as IBS, IBD, Crohn's (anecdotal)

Severe Burns (anecdotal)

Cellulitis (anecdotal)

Celiac Disease (anecdotal)

High Cholesterol – A Finnish study reported in the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology reported that seven patients were fed 4,8,16, or 32g of activated charcoal per day. “Serum total and LDL-cholesterol were decreased (maximum 29 and 41 percent, respectively) and the ratio of HDL/LDL- cholesterol was increased (maximum 121 percent) by charcoal in a dose dependent manner.”

Candidiasis, Yeast Infections (anecdotal)

Colic (anecdotal)

Dental Infections (anecdotal)

Diabetes – According to Rx Charcoal by Dr. Thrash

Wound Healing – Effect of activated charcoal dressings on healing outcomes of chronic wounds. J.C. Kerihuel, Journal of Wound Care, Vol. 19, no 5, May 2010; International Case Studies Series 2012: Using Actisorb® Silver

Diabetic Ulcers (anecdotal) (poultice)

Tetanus (anecdotal)

Diverticulosis, Diverticulitis (anecdotal) (poultice)

Ear Infection (anecdotal) (poultice)

Surgical Infections (used in hospitals)

Gout (anecdotal) (foot bath)

Hypertension (anecdotal)

Vaccine Poisoning (Read More)

Hemorrhoids (anecdotal)

Prostatitis (anecdotal)

Heart Disease – Activated Charcoal Fights Heart Disease in Kidney Patients; Can Charcoal Fight Heart Disease In Kidney Patients?; Cardiac Amyloidosis – Evolving Options for Evaluation and Treatment

Insect Bites (anecdotal) (poultice)- Brown recluse, fire ants, bees, hornets, yellow jackets, wasps, scorpions

Snake Bites (anecdotal) (poultice)

Kidney Disease – In an August 2012 study, scientists trialed another type of kidney replacement therapy for selecti patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). This protocol, which did not utilize dialysis, included a low protein diet, activated charcoal (uremic toxin adsorbents), and prebiotics. According to the researchers, “clinical and biochemical results of this study showed that these patients were not deteriorating during the study period and Blood Urea Nitrogen (Bun) & serum creatinin levels were not elevated in these months. Participating patients were relatively well throughout the study without signs of florid uremia and without a need for emergent or urgent dialysis. …the proposed dialysis free protocol reduces the need for dialysis treatment at least transiently.” The researchers also recommended additional studies to see if this three-point protocol could reduce the overall need for dialysis.

Leaky Gut Syndrome (anecdotal)

Liver Disease (anecdotal with some research)

Longevity (research)

Malaria – de Souza JB, Okomo U, Alexander ND, Aziz N, Owens BMJ, et al. (2010) Oral Activated Charcoal Prevents Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice and in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Man Did Not Interfere with the Pharmacokinetics of Parenteral Artesunate. PLoS ONE 5(4): e9867. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009867

MRSA (research)

Pars Planitis, Ocular Inflammatory Disorder, Pan uveitis (anecdotal)

Pink Eye/Conjunctivitis (anecdotal)

Poisoning – In a 2001 study conducted by the Kentucky Regional Poison Center and reported in the medical journal Pediatrics, Henry Spiller, MS, and George Rodgers, MD, demonstrated the real value of giving activated charcoal in the home to children as an antidote for most poisons. The authors noted that activated charcoal is recognized as the treatment of choice when it comes to neutralizing the effects of swallowing multiple poisons. (Spiller, Henry A, MS, DABAT, Rodgers, George C Jr, MD, PhD, Evaluation of Administration of Activated Charcoal in the Home, Pediatrics, Vol. 108 No. 6 December, 2001

Poison Ivy (anecdotal) (poultice)

Radiation Poisoning (some research)

Nausea, Vomiting, Morning Sickness, Stomach Flu (Rx Charcoal by Drs. Thrash)

Pressure Sores (anecdotal) (poultice)

Video: The Healing Power of Activated Charcoal

Great video to watch (opens in a new window!) The Healing Power of Activated Charcoal

Activated Charcoal has been around for thousands of years, and has been used as a universal antidote for poisons for a very long time. Activated charcoal works great for nausea, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, acid reflux, getting rid of gas, bad breath, detoxing the colon, lowering cholesterol, rashes, insect bites, poison ivy, gout, filtering our water and air… and so much more. Activated Charcoal is one of the best things to have on hand at all times.

Dr. Paul Haider – Master Herbalist

Therapeutic Action of Activated Charcoal

Activated Charcoal works by ADSORPTION, which is an Electrical Action, rather than Absorption, which is a Mechanical Action. Activated Charcoal Powder ADSORBS MOST Organic and Inorganic Chemicals, that do NOT belong in the Body, but it does NOT ADSORB Nutrients! Activated charcoal benefits, as you can see, seem nearly limitless!

Tips for Using Activated Charcoal

If you are planning on trying out activated charcoal to see if it works for you, the following tips can be useful.

Be Careful with Other Medications

Activated charcoal has not been studied enough with other medications to know if it’s dangerous, so it is best that you practice caution. Not only should your doctor know if you are considering taking it, especially by ingestion, but you don’t want to take it with other medications. This includes prescription and over-the-counter drugs.

Watch Out for the Mess

Charcoal in powder form can get very messy, so be careful! If you are using it for a face mask, body scrub, or to whiten your teeth, never wear your nice clothes when using it. Even if you are super careful, there is still a risk of getting it on your clothes. Either wear old clothes you wear when dying your hair or painting, or just wear a towel or bath robe.

It is a good idea to have an old towel in your bathroom when using the charcoal for this use specifically, since that might get stained as well. Also be careful about spilling it on your sink or countertops, as some materials might stain.

Don’t Ingest it Daily

While activated charcoal has tone of uses for removing various bacteria and toxins from your body, it isn’t good to use on a daily basis if you are ingesting it. While it does stop toxins, it could also keep good nutrients from being absorbed in your body as well. Too much activated charcoal in your body could actually make you ill from malnutrition. Best to use it only when absolutely necessary.

Drink Plenty of Water With it

Another tip to follow when using activated charcoal by ingestion is to drink a lot of water when taking it. The powder can be hard to go down and get stuck in your throat if you aren’t careful. Drink lots of water before, during, and after using the charcoal.

Rinse Your Mouth Well

Also be careful to rinse your mouth really well any time you brush your teeth to whiten them with activated charcoal, or you take it by mouth with water. You should keep rinsing your mouth until you can swish water, spit it out, and it is completely clear. Depending on how much you had of it in your mouth or on your teeth, this can take a few minutes of rinsing.

How to make an Activated Charcoal Slurry

1. Add 1 tsp. of Activated Charcoal Powder to an 8 oz. Glass of PURE Water and stir.

NOTE: LOWER the Dosage to 1/2 tsp. or ADD Psyllium Husks, if the Person, who needs help, has a tendency to become Constipated. And drink through a straw, if the grittiness is a problem.

How to make an Activated Charcoal Poultice

1. Use EQUAL amounts of Activated Charcoal Powder with Flaxseed Meal. Blend in blender, the amount of Seed NEEDED to make the Meal.

2. Place the 2 Powders in a dry bowl and add Water SLOWLY as you stir, mixing into a Toothpaste consistency.

NOTE: 2 tablespoons of each Powder will take approximately 5 or 6 tablespoons of Water. This amount of Poultice Paste would make a Poultice approximately 6 x 6 inches.

3. Reach a DESIRED Consistency, that is NOT TOO WET to run all over, NOT TOO DRY to fall apart), and spread it EVENLY over a Macroporous Cloth, such as an UNBLEACHED (preferably) Paper Towel or a Cotton Cloth.

4. Must now place the top of your Poultice “sandwich” over the Activated Charcoal laden bottom layer.

5. Cover with a soft-type Cling Wrap (Saran Wrap).

6. Place over DESIRED Area of the Skin to be treated (Sandwich on the Skin with the Saran Wrap over the top).

7. Wrap Saran Wrap, a Towel, or a stretch-type (Ace) Bandage around to secure the Sandwich in place.

8. Leave the Activated Charcoal Poultice in place overnight or at least 1-2 hours, if applied during the day.

9. Always DISCARD an Activated Charcoal Poultice after use. Do NOT REUSE it!

NOTE: The Activated Charcoal Poultice can be made SMALL by using a Bandaid or made LARGE by using a Cotton Sheet.

How to Use an Activated Charcoal Poultice

Activated charcoal poultices that are kept moist and warm actually draw toxins and poisons out through the skin tissue. This is because skin is a permeable membrane, which permits a variety of liquids and gases to enter and exit the body.

Make the poultice just large enough to cover the injured part. The paste may be made by mixing equal parts of flax seed meal or corn starch with the activated charcoal, in a bowl, and then adding just enough hot water to make a moderately thick paste. Then spread the paste over a porous cloth, covering over the top with another layer of that same cloth.

Place the poultice over the area to be treated and cover it with a piece of plastic. Cover or wrap with a cloth, to hold it all in place. Secure by a tie, stretch bandage, or pin.

Apply the activated charcoal poultice for 1 or 2 hours. If applied at bedtime, leave it on overnight. Adsorption takes place almost immediately. When it is removed, wash or gently cleanse the area with cool water. Repeat when needed. Poultices should, at the most, be changed every 6-10 hours. Do not put charcoal directly on the broken skin; because it may cause a tattooing effect, blackening the skin for a period of time.

No home, especially one with children, should be without Activated Charcoal Powder. You can purchase high-quality and effective Activated Charcoal here and enjoy the many activated charcoal benefits.

Additional Safety and Usage Information

Potential Side Effects

The good news is that the side effects aren’t too extreme. They can also vary by person, and depending on what you used the charcoal for. Naturally, a risk for using it for whitening your teeth is that it might make your tongue a little black, especially if you are brushing your tongue with it or not rinsing properly. You can reduce the risk by only brushing your teeth, never your tongue, and rinsing well each time.

There are some other side effects people have reported, which include

Black or darker stools when ingesting the charcoal

Having vomiting or diarrhea

Constipation

If you are using it too much, it could lead to gastrointestinal blockages as well. This is why you need to pay close attention to the proper dosage if you are ingesting the charcoal for health purposes.

Risks to be Aware of

Activated charcoal when used for health or beauty is typically from all-natural sources like coconut husks, but you should still practice caution and know of the risks. Here are some things to keep in mind:

You should not be taking activated charcoal with medications, unless directed by your doctor.

Avoid ingestion of charcoal during pregnancy or while breastfeeding without talking to your doctor first.

Do not give activated charcoal to children without asking your pediatrician.

Take only small doses first to see how your body reacts.

A Few More Important Pieces of Info on Activated Charcoal

Charcoal from burned toast should never be used; since substances are present which are carcinogenic. Do not eat burned food. Charcoal briquettes are especially dangerous, because petro-chemicals have been added to them.

The most effective type of charcoal is the activated form. This process renders it 2 to 3 times as effective as regular charcoal. First, the charcoal is ground very fine; and then it is placed in a steam chamber. This opens up the charcoal and exposes more of its surfaces, so it can adsorb much more.

Modern medical science recognizes the many health advantages of activated charcoal and uses Activated Charcoal USP, a pure, naturally produced wood charcoal carbon that has no carcinogenic properties.

Activated charcoal powder must be stored in a tightly sealed container, because it readily adsorbs impurities from the atmosphere. (Leaving the top off a container of charcoal will partially purify the room it is in, to the degree that the air in the room comes in contact with the charcoal.)

Simply place some in water, stir, and swallow. Or apply it to the skin's surface. It is odorless and tasteless. Powdered, activated charcoal achieves maximum adsorption within a minute or so after absorption.

Charcoal can also be placed in empty gelatin capsules and swallowed. (Gelatin is usually processed from animals.) But they will act more slowly than swallowing the powder mixed with water. Activated charcoal powder can also be mixed with a little fruit juice before being swallowed; but, of course, it will adsorb that also. This should not be a problem if the juice is diluted or there is a sufficient amount of charcoal in it.

Activated charcoal is required by law to be part of the standard equipment on many ambulances, in case poisoning is encountered. Due to the high value of activated charcoal, is the first choice of the medical profession.

Scientific experiments, conducted over a period of many years, confirm the advantages of activated charcoal for health and attest to the effectiveness of charcoal as an antidote. In one experiment, 100 times the lethal dose of cobra venom was mixed with charcoal and injected into a laboratory animal. The animal was not harmed.

In other experiments, arsenic and strychnine were thoroughly mixed with charcoal and then swallowed by humans under laboratory conditions. The subjects survived, even though the poison dosages were 5 to 10 times the lethal dose.

Because medicinal drugs are chemical compounds, they are all poisons to a greater or lesser degree. Because of this, if charcoal is taken with them, or soon afterward, it will tend to adsorb and inactivate the drugs. Therefore, physicians recommend that you only take charcoal two hours before or two hours after taking a medicinal drug.

As long as you follow these simple guidelines, you can avoid any potential risks when using or ingesting activated charcoal. In general, natural remedies are meant to have very few side effects and risks, but you should always be extra careful when trying anything new.

Recommended Reading

Activated Charcoal for Health: 100 Amazing and Unexpected Uses for Activated Charcoal

Activated Charcoal: Antidote, Remedy, and Health Aid

Charcoal Remedies

Charcoal Remedies: Healing Common Ailments Naturally Using a Hospital Trusted Remedy

Charcoal Remedies: The Complete Guide For Beginners – Discover Amazing Activated Charcoal Uses And Benefits

Charcoal Remedies: The Ultimate Guide To Healing Common Ailments With Activated Charcoal

Activated Charcoal in Medical Applications, Second Edition

Be Your Own Doctor

Science and Research on Activated Charcoal

Activated charcoal significantly improved the reliability of methods for quantitative analysis of endogenous substances in biological specimens: Glutathione and cysteine as cases.

Related Articles Activated charcoal significantly improved the reliability of methods for quantitative analysis of endogenous substances in biological specimens: Glutathione and cysteine as cases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2018 Aug 04;1095:241-250 Authors: Shen B, Chen C, Hu K, Li X, Kang D, Li H, Zhu Z, Yin X, Xu Y, Shen J, Guo H, Xie L […]

Sorption mechanisms of chlorinated hydrocarbons on biochar produced from different feedstocks: Conclusions from single- and bi-solute experiments.

Related Articles Sorption mechanisms of chlorinated hydrocarbons on biochar produced from different feedstocks: Conclusions from single- and bi-solute experiments. Chemosphere. 2018 Jul;203:34-43 Authors: Schreiter IJ, Schmidt W, Schüth C Abstract Biochar is increasingly deemed a potential sorbent for contaminants in soil and water remediation. We tested thr […]

Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste in the presence of activated carbon in conventional and microwave heating using modified thermocouple.

Related Articles Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste in the presence of activated carbon in conventional and microwave heating using modified thermocouple. Waste Manag. 2018 Jun;76:528-536 Authors: Prathiba R, Shruthi M, Miranda LR Abstract Pyrolysis process was experimented using two types of heating source, namely conventional and microwave. Polystyrene (PS) pl […]

Improving the surface properties of municipal solid waste-derived pyrolysis biochar by chemical and thermal activation: Optimization of process parameters and environmental application.

Related Articles Improving the surface properties of municipal solid waste-derived pyrolysis biochar by chemical and thermal activation: Optimization of process parameters and environmental application. Waste Manag. 2018 Feb;72:255-264 Authors: Genuino DAD, de Luna MDG, Capareda SC Abstract Biochar produced from the slow pyrolysis of municipal solid waste wa […]

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New Post has been published on Biology Dictionary

New Post has been published on https://biologydictionary.net/toxicology/

Toxicology

Toxicology Definition

Toxicology is the study of how an organism reacts to various concentrations of chemicals. Toxicologist use model organisms to test various chemicals and estimate the concentration of chemical which can cause effects. Chemicals which will be used to produce goods used by people will undergo rigorous testing to ensure their safety. Toxicology also focuses on the structure of poisons, toxins, and venoms. Advanced methods, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, are used in toxicology to classify new toxins and understand their chemical structure. As we understand more about the world around us and seek to use new chemicals to our advantage, toxicologists are continually presented with a broader field of study.

History of Toxicology

Toxicology is an ancient science. Since the dawn of man, humans have sought to understand and manipulate the substances found in their environment. Ancient Roman and Middle-Eastern and Asian texts have descriptions of toxins along with their treatments. While ancient forms of the field relied on various belief in magic, the influence of stars, and other fantastical origins to explain and cure the effects of toxins, modern toxicology is a much more scientific pursuit.

Many fields have influenced and informed toxicology, and our understanding of chemicals and their interactions in general. A general understanding of chemistry and biology allowed the father of toxicology, Mathieu Orfila, to publish the first work on toxicology in 1813. Orfila went on to establish forensic toxicology by using his techniques to find evidence of arsenic in the body of a murder victim. Since the 1800’s toxicology has greatly expanded and advanced. Today, toxicology contains many branches of study and specialization.

Careers in Toxicology

While some schools have Bachelor’s and Master’s level toxicology programs, the majority of toxicologist go on to receive a PhD and specialize in a certain area of toxicology. Many area of toxicology exist, but in general toxicologists focus on a few themes and specialize from there. Medicinal toxicology is the branch most concerned with humans and what we are exposed to. Many toxicologists in this field work for government organizations or testing labs, and approve the products released to consumers. Others in this field understand toxins and poisoning and assist criminal investigators as forensic toxicologists. Everyone with a human focus on toxicology must understand human biology, and most are medical doctors that specialize in toxins.

Another area of toxicology focuses on the toxins themselves, and the species that produce the toxins. Because the chemicals in venom and animal toxins are so biologically active, they are extremely interesting for academics and pharmacists alike. For instance, a mycotoxicologist studies the toxins produced by fungi and their relatives. Many professionals studying toxicology study how the toxins form, act on their target, and eventually break down. This information is crucial to those on the defending edge of toxicology, like the doctors treating deadly snake-bites or accidental poisonings. Others search for ways to use the effects of the toxin in therapeutic ways. Venom, toxins in plants, and other biologically active substances could possibly be used to target specific unwanted cells or simply shut down nerves temporarily. A key convention in toxicology is that the dose makes the poison. In other words, the way we use chemicals determines their effect on us. Pharmaceutical companies are very interested in using toxins in beneficial ways, and hire toxicologist to research and analyze new chemicals.

The final focus in toxicology is of a broader scope. Ecotoxicologist, a combination of ecology and toxicology, study toxins in a larger context, and how they affect ecosystems and populations. Organizations like the Environmental Protection Agency employ toxicologists to study and monitor the health of the environment and discover potential disruptive toxins. It is this branch of toxicology that is responsible for the discovery of PCBs affecting the ozone and of the pesticide DDT reducing populations of eagles. Using the same tools as their peers, these scientists try to isolate and detect large-scale sources of potentially environmentally hazardous materials. Since the chemical revolution of the 1960’s, this branch of toxicology has expanded rapidly. Books like Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson, helped shed light on environmental destruction being caused by unregulated chemical usage. Since then, many organizations have been created to monitor and try to control the spread of dangerous substances.

Ethics and Technology in Toxicology

Toxicology has always required the use of model organisms in testing. To understand the effects of a new chemical, toxicologists first introduce the chemical to these model organisms. The effects of the chemical in different concentrations and doses are observed. This helps inform scientists of how the chemical reacts with living cells in general, and how it can specifically irritate or mutate cells. The most common of these tests involves exposing a test population to varied concentrations until half of the organisms are dead. Throughout history, different organism have been used as models, with different ethical implications.

Traditionally, some reprehensible methods have been employed in testing toxicology. From experiments on human prisoners to forced toxin inhalation tests in primates, toxicology is one of many branches of science with a dark history of morally questionable experiments. While these more questionable practices have been phased out and abolished, the need for experimentation still exists. The chemical revolution of the 1960’s created millions of new commercial and agricultural chemicals. Poor practices in toxicology led to epidemics like the use of the insecticide DDT, which ended up affecting the thickness of bird eggs and greatly reduced populations of birds of prey. Modern organizations, like the FDA, test chemicals and products for various industries before they are allowed to be sold or used commercially.

While there is still a need for experimentation, the methods of experimenting have changed drastically. New methods include testing chemicals on non-sentient organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and other single-celled organisms. The effects found in observing these smaller organisms can be extrapolated to other organisms. For products that must be tested on higher organisms, limits have been set on the number of subjects needed and animals are not allowed to suffer. These methods have created a more ethics-friendly toxicology. However, even more advanced methods of computational toxicology are emerging and will soon replace animal models completely. Computer simulations and understanding of chemistry and biology has advanced to a point that toxicology simulations can now be carried out by the computer. Advances in this field may lead to the elimination of model organisms all together, and the ethics of testing would be much more agreeable for scientists.

References

American Chemical Society. (2018, February 5). Toxicology. Retrieved from ACS.org: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/college-to-career/chemistry-careers/toxicology.html

Nelson, D. L., & Cox, M. M. (2008). Principles of Biochemistry. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.

Rollin, B. E. (2006). Animal Rights and Human Morality (3rd ed.). New York: Prometheus Books.

Sarkar, S. (2005). Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy: an introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.

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Major Effective Ways Followed By Pest Control Redfern

Redfern is another well known suburb area of Sydney. The presence of pests is notable throughout the world; although comparatively less in Australia. Pest Control Redfern needs to keep proper check on regular basis.  Suburban areas tend to be more prone to pests. As Redfern is under the areas concerning the central government, the place is unlikely to be manifested by pests. Major aspects of pest control Bellevue Hill It has always been necessary to keep pests away from plants. Pest Control Bellevue Hill also falling under the suburban regions need to be very cautious regarding pests. Pest Control is an important and very old method of safeguarding the plants. In olden times, animals were used to control pests; like at home, mongooses were kept as pet to keep the snakes away. Also cats had been effectively used in this process. Before usage of pesticides, several other methods were popular. Like rotation of crops or multiple cropping. First, sulphur was used as insecticides later got replaced by arsenical components. Over the years, the quality of insecticides got better. DDT and herbicides are two of the most effective insecticides. Biological pest control was first introduced in China. Later on DDT was introduced which put a stop on biological methods. How pest control Redfern is executed? As we have seen that both the pest control Redfern and Bellevue hills are located in the outskirts of Australia. Yet both the regions have some notable pest control agencies which people living in that region can reach out to. Many animals or insects even though being uninvited enter into the residential complexes and destroy plants, contaminates water and infest on private properties. Pests not make the environment dirty but also cause nuisance. Attempts have been made to improve the sanitation. Also strict checks should be done on the disposal of garbage. Although Pest Control Bellevue Hill in the main areas or at homes can be done by applying the following methods:- •   General Methods: Under general methods, one of the oldest ways is physical pest control method where one needs to be physically active to control pests. Rat catchers were hired in order to catch rats. Sticky papers are used to catch cockroaches and flies. The UV ray marines are set up in apartments so that the ray attracts the flies and catches them. Powders are also used to track the entry route of the insects. •   In order to control rats, mice, snails and other insects, poisoned baits are used. These look like foods but are poison inside. These baits are placed in order to lure the insects and animals towards them. The pests feed on them leading to death. But these baits are not only harmful for pests but also for children. •    Sterilisation and Fumigation are also effective pest control techniques. •   At home food needs to be covered. Once infested with insects, it should be immediately discarded. Larvae of several insects if found should be destroyed. Since pesticides cannot be used near food items, freezing can be done. •    Beetles attacking the furniture items can be controlled by treating it with chemicals.