#Gold Analysis in Ethiopia

[analytical-harshad]

Harshad Group - Gold Analysis | Gold Testing | Gold Refinery | Gold Melting Machine | Precious Metal Weighing Scales

Title: Gold Analysis Made Easy with XRF Technology: Explore Harshad Group's Range of Desktop and Handheld XRF Machines

Introduction:

The analysis of gold is a critical process for jewelers, refineries, and mining companies. Accurate and efficient gold testing is essential to determine the purity and composition of this precious metal. Harshad Group, a leading provider of analytical instruments, offers a comprehensive range of XRF machines for gold analysis. Partnering with reputed companies like Fischer and Olympus Evident, Harshad Group brings you cutting-edge desktop and handheld XRF machines. In this article, we will delve into the significance of XRF technology for gold analysis and introduce you to Harshad Group's extensive collection available at https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/gold-testing/.

The Power of XRF Technology for Gold Analysis:

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology has revolutionized the field of gold analysis. XRF machines utilize the principle of exciting gold samples with X-ray radiation, causing them to emit characteristic fluorescent X-rays. By measuring the energy and intensity of these X-rays, XRF instruments can determine the elemental composition of the gold sample, including the presence of impurities and alloying elements. This non-destructive method provides quick and reliable results, making XRF an indispensable tool for gold testing.

Harshad Group's Desktop XRF Machines:

Harshad Group offers a range of desktop XRF machines from reputed manufacturers like Fischer and Olympus Evident. These state-of-the-art instruments are designed to deliver precise and accurate gold analysis results. The desktop XRF machines provide excellent sensitivity and resolution, enabling you to detect even trace elements and impurities in your gold samples. With user-friendly interfaces and powerful analytical software, these machines streamline the gold testing process, enhancing productivity and efficiency.

Handheld XRF Machines for On-the-Go Analysis:

For those who require flexibility and portability in gold analysis, Harshad Group also offers handheld XRF machines. These portable instruments provide the convenience of on-site testing, eliminating the need to transport samples to a laboratory. With their lightweight design and robust construction, handheld XRF machines allow you to analyze gold samples quickly and accurately, even in challenging environments. Harshad Group's collection of handheld XRF machines, available at https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/gold-testing/, offers various models with advanced features, ensuring reliable results wherever you are.

Popularity in the Middle East and Africa:

 Harshad Group's XRF machines for gold testing have gained immense popularity in the Middle East and Africa. Countries like Sudan, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ivory Coast, and Uganda have witnessed a significant demand for these instruments. The reliability, accuracy, and efficiency of Harshad Group's XRF machines have made them the preferred choice for gold analysis in these regions. With their commitment to delivering high-quality products and comprehensive customer support, Harshad Group has built a strong reputation as a trusted supplier of XRF machines.

Conclusion:

 When it comes to gold analysis, XRF technology has become indispensable in the industry. Harshad Group, in collaboration with renowned manufacturers like Fischer and Olympus Evident, offers a wide range of desktop and handheld XRF machines for gold testing. By visiting https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/gold-testing/, you can explore their extensive collection and find the perfect solution for your gold analysis needs. Whether you're in Sudan, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ivory Coast, Uganda, or any other country in the Middle East or Africa, Harshad Group's XRF machines will empower you to analyze gold with accuracy, efficiency, and convenience.

[harshadgroupsblog]

Harshad Group - Gold Analysis | Gold Testing | Gold Refinery | Gold Melting Machine | Precious Metal Weighing Scales

Title: Gold Analysis Made Easy with XRF Technology: Explore Harshad Group's Range of Desktop and Handheld XRF Machines

Introduction:

The analysis of gold is a critical process for jewelers, refineries, and mining companies. Accurate and efficient gold testing is essential to determine the purity and composition of this precious metal. Harshad Group, a leading provider of analytical instruments, offers a comprehensive range of XRF machines for gold analysis. Partnering with reputed companies like Fischer and Olympus Evident, Harshad Group brings you cutting-edge desktop and handheld XRF machines. In this article, we will delve into the significance of XRF technology for gold analysis and introduce you to Harshad Group's extensive collection available at https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/gold-testing/.

The Power of XRF Technology for Gold Analysis:

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology has revolutionized the field of gold analysis. XRF machines utilize the principle of exciting gold samples with X-ray radiation, causing them to emit characteristic fluorescent X-rays. By measuring the energy and intensity of these X-rays, XRF instruments can determine the elemental composition of the gold sample, including the presence of impurities and alloying elements. This non-destructive method provides quick and reliable results, making XRF an indispensable tool for gold testing.

Harshad Group's Desktop XRF Machines:

Harshad Group offers a range of desktop XRF machines from reputed manufacturers like Fischer and Olympus Evident. These state-of-the-art instruments are designed to deliver precise and accurate gold analysis results. The desktop XRF machines provide excellent sensitivity and resolution, enabling you to detect even trace elements and impurities in your gold samples. With user-friendly interfaces and powerful analytical software, these machines streamline the gold testing process, enhancing productivity and efficiency.

Handheld XRF Machines for On-the-Go Analysis:

For those who require flexibility and portability in gold analysis, Harshad Group also offers handheld XRF machines. These portable instruments provide the convenience of on-site testing, eliminating the need to transport samples to a laboratory. With their lightweight design and robust construction, handheld XRF machines allow you to analyze gold samples quickly and accurately, even in challenging environments. Harshad Group's collection of handheld XRF machines, available at https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/gold-testing/, offers various models with advanced features, ensuring reliable results wherever you are.

Popularity in the Middle East and Africa:

 Harshad Group's XRF machines for gold testing have gained immense popularity in the Middle East and Africa. Countries like Sudan, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ivory Coast, and Uganda have witnessed a significant demand for these instruments. The reliability, accuracy, and efficiency of Harshad Group's XRF machines have made them the preferred choice for gold analysis in these regions. With their commitment to delivering high-quality products and comprehensive customer support, Harshad Group has built a strong reputation as a trusted supplier of XRF machines.

Conclusion:

 When it comes to gold analysis, XRF technology has become indispensable in the industry. Harshad Group, in collaboration with renowned manufacturers like Fischer and Olympus Evident, offers a wide range of desktop and handheld XRF machines for gold testing. By visiting https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/gold-testing/, you can explore their extensive collection and find the perfect solution for your gold analysis needs. Whether you're in Sudan, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ivory Coast, Uganda, or any other country in the Middle East or Africa, Harshad Group's XRF machines will empower you to analyze gold with accuracy, efficiency, and convenience.

[bhavesh2022]

Coffee Beans Market is Estimated to Grow at a Promisable CAGR 5.6% During Forecast Period, 2021-2027

According to our latest market study on "Global Coffee Beans Market Forecast to 2027 - COVID-19 Impact and Global Analysis - by Product (Arabica, Robusta, and Others), End Use (Personal Care, Food and Beverage, and Pharmaceutical), and Geography," the market was valued at US$ 25,591.7 million in 2018 and is projected to reach US$ 41,962.4 million by 2027; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% from 2019 to 2027.The report highlights key factors driving the market growth and prominent players along with their developments in the market.

The rich source of coffee, coffee beans are the seeds that coffee trees produce. Although the coffee beans are not actually beans, they are given the name coffee bean because of how closely they resemble real beans. The same as regular cherries, coffee beans are a type of fruit known as a stone fruit. Arabica and robusta are the two most significant types of coffee plants. A goat herder named Kaldi, according to some studies, made the first discovery of the coffee plant in Ethiopia. Coffee beans are a significant revenue crop and an essential export item.

One of the most popular drinks consumed worldwide is coffee. The demand for coffee beans is being driven by an increase in the popularity of coffee among young people, particularly in nations like India, China, and the Philippines. Coffee drinking has a number of primary motivations, including practicality, enjoyment and flavour, habit, tradition, culture, and socialisation. The growth of the middle class and generally higher living standards are factors in the rise in demand for coffee and coffee-related products. Office workers' coffee intake has also dramatically increased. Another element driving the demand for coffee and, consequently, the growth of the market for coffee beans, is the opening and growth of new and local coffee shops. Additionally, a rise in milk consumption helps the industry expand as consumers blend milk and coffee for a greater flavour. Customers are drawn to coffee shops because they offer the chance to linger and spend quality time there, which raises the price of coffee. Additionally, young people are thought to view coffee use as a form of fashion and a carefree lifestyle. In turn, this causes the demand for coffee beans to increase.

Bharat Coffee Depot, Death Wish Coffee Co., Gold Coffee Company, Hawaiian Isles Kona Coffee Company, Ltd., Kicking Horse Whole Beans, Illycafe S.P.A, Starbucks Corporation and The Coffee Beans Co., are among the well-established players in the global coffee beans market.

The COVID-19 pandemic began in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, and since then, it has spread around the globe at a fast pace. The outbreak has affected economies and industries due to imposed lockdowns, travel bans, and business shutdowns. Food and beverage is one of the world’s major industries facing serious disruptions such as supply chain breaks, technology events cancellations, and office shutdowns as a result of this outbreak. This is further projected to lower the demand for coffee beans products globally

The report includes the segmentation of the global coffee beans market as follows:

By Product

Arabica

Robusta

Others

By End Use

Food and Beverage

Personal Care

Pharmaceuticals

By Geography

North America

US

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

UK

France

Italy

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific (APAC)

China

Japan

India

South Korea

Rest of Asia Pacific

Middle East and Africa (MEA)

UAE

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

Rest of Middle East and Africa

South America

Brazil

Argentina

Rest of South America

Browse More Information@ https://www.theinsightpartners.com/reports/coffee-beans-market

About Us:

The Insight Partners is a one stop industry research provider of actionable intelligence. We help our clients in getting solutions to their research requirements through our syndicated and consulting research services. We specialize in industries such as Semiconductor and Electronics, Aerospace and Defense, Automotive and Transportation, Biotechnology, Healthcare IT, Manufacturing and Construction, Medical Device, Technology, Media and Telecommunications, Chemicals and Materials.

Contact Us:

If you have any queries about this report or if you would like further information, please contact us:

Contact Person: Sameer Joshi

E-mail: sales@theinsightpartners.com

Phone: +1-646-491-9876

[mostlysignssomeportents]

Gig workers around the globe

My 2010 YA science fiction novel For the Win imagines a global solidarity movement among precarious gig workers paid to "gold farm" inside massively multiplayer online games.

https://craphound.com/category/ftw/

The kids who do this work realize they have more in common with each other than their bosses, and form a global syndicalist union called the Industrial Workers of the World Wide Web (IWWW) or "Webblies."

Gold farming remains a source of exploitative labor, xenophobic in-game violence, and acts of solidarity, but it's only a tiny sliver of the true gig economy, which started with traditional low-waged delivery and driving work and has spread to MDs.

https://www.npr.org/2021/07/21/1018915121/video-gaming-the-system

"The Global Gig Workers" is a new, important report on the gig economy around the world, published by Rest of World. It's grounded in a survey of 4,500 gig workers in 15 countries, backstopped by seven profiles of workers in seven countries.

https://restofworld.org/2021/the-global-gig-workers/

The package includes a dive into the small coterie of investors that are behind the drive to export the gig economy to every nation on earth, delving into how they describe the business opportunity gig work represents.

https://restofworld.org/2021/global-gig-workers-investors-behind-gig-work-model/

It won't surprise you to learn that what attracts investors to gig work is the potential to scale up a company at workers' expense. Building the app and bribing, coercing or convincing local authorities to allow it to operate is a fixed cost; running the service is cheap.

The capital costs - bikes, trucks, cars, phones, data-plans - are all borne by workers, who, thanks to systematic worker misclassification, are treated as independent contractors who are not entitled to benefits or workplace protection.

And while the workers must buy expensive capital equipment and have their days scripted to a fine degree by the electronic nag of the app, the company offers them no assurance that compliance and performance will be rewarded with a fair wage.

Not only do workers routinely see their pay slashed after they've established themselves with the company, thanks to unilateral shifts in the compensation structure (as well as changes to the apps to hide how much a job pays until the worker has completed it).

But entire, debt-financed capital investments by workers can be wiped out by a "pivot" in corporate strategy, as happened to Zweli Ngwenya, an Uber driver in Johannesburg who went into debt to buy a car that qualified him to drive for Uberx.

Ngwenya relied on Uberx-style compensation to service the debt on the capital asset he purchased to help Uber scale up its South African business. But then Uber rolled out a cheaper alternative, Uber Go, that didn't require a fancy car, and paid lower compensation.

Ngwenya's wages have "plummeted." He may not be able to service the debt he incurred. A company that expected him to frog whenever its app told him to jump never extended even the thinnest fiction of a reciprocal  degree of respect and care.

There's a lot to be learned from Rest of World's data analysis. For example, there's an excellent article on "How the platform economy sets women up to fail," which traces the gender inequities in the structure of the gig economy.

https://restofworld.org/2021/global-gig-workers-how-platforms-set-women-up-to-fail/

But what I found most fascinating was the introductory article, "How the gig workers are fighting back," detailing how gig workers around the world are making common cause with one another.

https://restofworld.org/2021/gig-workers-around-the-world-are-finally-organizing/

These movements cross sectors - uniting drivers and bike deliverers and grocery shoppers - and national boundaries, as well as the far less permeable barriers between high-income and low-income countries.

Because even though there are striking differences between the lives of the seven gig workers profiled in the package - a doctor in India, a truck driver in Indonesia, a rideshare driver in Ethiopia - the similarities are even more striking.

Even though these workers can articulate benefits to their situation, they all describe the same pathology of their implacable app overlords - a steady ramping-up of work to a dangerous  inhuman pace, a race to the bottom from app companies promising faster, cheaper service.

The same pattern is repeated around the globe. Josh Dzieza's beautifully written longread on the lives of NYC bike-delivery couriers repeats all the themes of these workers around the global south.

https://www.theverge.com/22667600/delivery-workers-seamless-uber-relay-new-york-electric-bikes-apps

Like my imaginary Webblies, these workers are facing a common enemy, and they're banding together online to fight back. What's more, these workers are canaries in the labor coalmine: if your job can be done by zoom, some asshole is currently pitching that  business-plan.

Teachers, lawyers, doctors, illustrators, writers - the gig economy is everyone's future - it's just not evenly distributed. Whether you're ordering dinner from an app or delivering it, you have a common enemy in the form of rapacious, inhumane global capital.

But it doesn't have to be this way. These businesses don't need to operate at inhumane tempo to be viable. They don't need to offload capital costs to workers. They don't need to misclassify employees and escape fair workplace standards. We let them do it, so they do it.

We can stop them. The beneficiaries of the gig economy are few. Its victims are many. The same tools that offer instantaneous, globe-spanning exploitation can also be a framework for global, realtime solidarity movements.

[severepeanutperfection]

Solar Pumps Market Outlook, Trends, Forecast of Top Countries 2019-2029

Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2019-2029

Future Market Insights has recently published a latest report on the Solar Pumps Market that includes global industry analysis 2014-2018 & forecast 2019-2029, and it offers a comprehensive assessment of the most market dynamics. After conducting a thorough research on the historic as well as current growth parameters of the solar pumps market, growth prospects of the market are obtained with maximum precision.

Market Segmentation

The global solar pumps market is segmented in detail to cover every aspect of the market and present a complete market intelligence approach in front of the reader.

By Product Type

Submersible

AC

DC

Surface

AC

DC

By Application

Farming

Irrigation

Livestock

Aquaculture

Residential

Building

Drinking

Commercial

Swimming Pool

Pond Management

National Parks

Industry Water Treatment

Report Chapters

Chapter 01 – Executive Summary

The report commences with the executive summary of the solar pumps market, which includes a summary of the key findings and statistics of the market. It also includes the global market outlook, supply-side as well as demand-side trends, and recommendations, etc.

Chapter 02 – Market Overview

In this chapter, readers can find the definition and detailed taxonomy of the solar pumps market, which will help understand the basic information about the solar pumps market. This section also highlights the inclusions and exclusions, which help readers understand the scope of the solar pumps market report.

To get the sample copy of report visit @ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-520

Chapter 03 – Key Market Trends

The report provides key market trends that are expected to significantly impact the market growth during the forecast period. Detailed industry trends are provided in this section, along with product innovations and key market development.

Chapter 04 – Key Success Factors

This section includes the key inclusions of the report. It includes key developments of the solar pumps market, strategic collaborations, and long-term partnerships.

Chapter 05 – Global Solar Pumps Market Demand (Volume) Analysis 2014-2018 and Forecast 2019-2029

This section explains the global market volume analysis and forecast for the solar pumps market between the forecast periods of 2014-2029.

Chapter 06 – Global Solar Pumps Market Pricing Analysis

This section highlights the price of solar pumps in several regions throughout the globe. The pricing benchmark for manufacturer level pricing and distributor level pricing is analyzed in this section.

Chapter 07 – Global Solar Pumps Market Size (Value in US$ Mn) Analysis 2014-2018 and Forecast 2019-2029

This section explains the global market volume analysis and forecast for the solar pumps market between the forecast periods of 2019-2029. This chapter includes the detailed analysis of the historical solar pumps market, along with an opportunity analysis of the future. Readers can also find the absolute $ opportunity for the current year (2014 – 2018), and an incremental $ opportunity for the forecast period (2019 – 2029).

Chapter 08 – Market Background

This chapter explains the key macro-economic factors that are expected to influence the growth of the solar pumps market over the forecast period. Along with the macroeconomic factors, this section also highlights the opportunity analysis for the solar pumps market. This chapter also highlights the key market dynamics of the solar pumps market, such as drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities. Moreover, readers will understand the value chain analysis, automotive industry overview, forecast factors, etc.

Chapter 09 – Global Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Capacity

Based on the capacity, the solar pumps market is segmented into below 4 HP, 4-6 HP, 6-8 HP, and above 8 HP. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the solar pumps market and market attractiveness analysis based on the capacity.

Chapter 10 – Global Industrial Robot Motors Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Robot Type

Based on the robot type, the solar pumps market is segmented into submersible and surface. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the solar pumps market and market attractiveness analysis based on the robot type.

Chapter 11 – Global Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Application

Based on the application, the solar pumps market is segmented into farming, residential, commercial, national parks, and industry water treatment. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the solar pumps market and market attractiveness analysis based on the application.

Chapter 12 – Global Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Region

This chapter explains how the solar pumps market will grow across several geographic regions, such as the North America, Latin America, Europe, South Asia, East Asia, Oceania, and Middle East & Africa (EMEA).

Ask an Analyst @ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/ask-question/rep-gb-520

Chapter 13 – North America Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the North America solar pumps market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes, the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find regional trends, regulations, and market growth based on the technology and countries in North America.

Chapter 14 – Latin America Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the Latin America solar pumps market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes Brazil, Mexico, and the Rest of Latin America. Readers can also find regional trends, regulations, and market growth based on the technology and countries in Latin America.

Chapter 15 – Europe Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the Europe solar pumps market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes Germany, UK, Spain, France, Italy, BENELUX, and the Rest of Europe. Readers can also find regional trends, regulations, and market growth based on the technology and countries in Europe.

Chapter 16 – South Asia Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

India, ASEAN, Bangladesh, and the Rest of South Asia are prominent countries in the South Asia region. India and the ASEAN region, are the prime subjects of assessment to obtain growth prospects of the South Asia solar pumps market in this chapter. Readers can find detailed information about the growth parameters of South Asia, India, and the ASEAN solar pumps market during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 17 – East Asia Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

This chapter provides information about how the solar pumps market will grow in major countries of East Asia, such as China, Japan, and South Korea during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 18 – Oceania Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029

This chapter provides information about how the solar pumps market will grow in countries of Oceania, such as Australia and New Zealand during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 19 – Middle East & Africa (MEA) Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029

This chapter provides information about how the solar pumps market will grow in countries of Middle East & Africa (MEA), such as Morocco, Kenya, Ethiopia, GCC Countries, South Africa, and the Rest of MEA during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 20 – Market Structure

In this chapter, readers can find detailed information about the tier analysis and market concentration of key players in the solar pumpsmarket, along with their market presence analysis by region and product portfolio.

Chapter 21 – Competition Analysis

In this chapter, readers can find a comprehensive list of all the prominent stakeholders in the solar pumpsmarket, along with detailed information about each company, which includes the company overview, revenue shares, strategic overview, and recent company developments. Some of the market players featured in the solar pumps report are KSB SE & Co. KGaA, Kirloskar Brothers Limited, Grundfos, Franklin Electric, BW Solar (Waterboy), Shakti Pumps (India) Ltd., Stanley Black & Decker, Inc., Glynncorp Electrical, Bernt Lorentz GmbH & Co. KG, C.R.I. Pumps Private Limited, and Mono Pumps (NOV), Solar Mill, among others.

Chapter 22 – Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provides a base to the information and statistics included in the solar pumps market report.

Chapter 23 – Research Methodology

This chapter help readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain various conclusions as well as important qualitative and quantitative information about the solar pumps market.

About FMI

Future Market Insights (FMI) is a leading provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving clients in over 150 countries. FMI is headquartered in Dubai, the global financial capital, and has delivery centers in the U.S. and India. FMI’s latest market research reports and industry analysis help businesses navigate challenges and make critical decisions with confidence and clarity amidst breakneck competition. Our customized and syndicated market research reports deliver actionable insights that drive sustainable growth. A team of expert-led analysts at FMI continuously tracks emerging trends and events in a broad range of industries to ensure that our clients prepare for the evolving needs of their consumers.

Contact

Mr. Abhishek Budholiya Unit No: AU-01-H Gold Tower (AU), Plot No: JLT-PH1-I3A, Jumeirah Lakes Towers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates MARKET ACCESS DMCC Initiative For Sales Enquiries: sales@futuremarketinsights.com For Media Enquiries: press@futuremarketinsights.com Website: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com

[robinmark]

Solar Pumps Market is Booming Worldwide, Latest Study Reveal for the forecast 2019 – 2029

Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2019-2029

Future Market Insights has recently published a latest report on the solar pumps market that includes global industry analysis 2014-2018 & forecast 2019-2029, and it offers a comprehensive assessment of the most market dynamics. After conducting a thorough research on the historic as well as current growth parameters of the solar pumps market, growth prospects of the market are obtained with maximum precision.

Market Segmentation

The global solar pumps market is segmented in detail to cover every aspect of the market and present a complete market intelligence approach in front of the reader.

Visit For Sample>>https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-520

By Capacity

Below 4 HP

4-6 HP

6-8 HP

Above 8 HP

By Product Type

Submersible

AC

DC

Surface

AC

DC

For any queries linked with the report, ask an analyst >>https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/ask-question/rep-gb-520

Report Chapters

Chapter 01 – Executive Summary

The report commences with the executive summary of the solar pumps market, which includes a summary of the key findings and statistics of the market. It also includes the global market outlook, supply-side as well as demand-side trends, and recommendations, etc.

Chapter 02 – Market Overview

In this chapter, readers can find the definition and detailed taxonomy of the solar pumps market, which will help understand the basic information about the solar pumps market. This section also highlights the inclusions and exclusions, which help readers understand the scope of the solar pumps market report.

Chapter 03 – Key Market Trends

The report provides key market trends that are expected to significantly impact the market growth during the forecast period. Detailed industry trends are provided in this section, along with product innovations and key market development.

Buy Report >>https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/checkout/520

Chapter 04 – Key Success Factors

This section includes the key inclusions of the report. It includes key developments of the solar pumps market, strategic collaborations, and long-term partnerships.

Chapter 05 – Global Solar Pumps Market Demand (Volume) Analysis 2014-2018 and Forecast 2019-2029

This section explains the global market volume analysis and forecast for the solar pumps market between the forecast periods of 2014-2029.

Chapter 06 – Global Solar Pumps Market Pricing Analysis

This section highlights the price of solar pumps in several regions throughout the globe. The pricing benchmark for manufacturer level pricing and distributor level pricing is analyzed in this section.

Chapter 07 – Global Solar Pumps Market Size (Value in US$ Mn) Analysis 2014-2018 and Forecast 2019-2029

This section explains the global market volume analysis and forecast for the solar pumps market between the forecast periods of 2019-2029. This chapter includes the detailed analysis of the historical solar pumps market, along with an opportunity analysis of the future. Readers can also find the absolute $ opportunity for the current year (2014 – 2018), and an incremental $ opportunity for the forecast period (2019 – 2029).

Chapter 08 – Market Background

This chapter explains the key macro-economic factors that are expected to influence the growth of the solar pumps market over the forecast period. Along with the macroeconomic factors, this section also highlights the opportunity analysis for the solar pumps market. This chapter also highlights the key market dynamics of the solar pumps market, such as drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities. Moreover, readers will understand the value chain analysis, automotive industry overview, forecast factors, etc.  

Chapter 09 – Global Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Capacity

Based on the capacity, the solar pumps market is segmented into below 4 HP, 4-6 HP, 6-8 HP, and above 8 HP. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the solar pumps market and market attractiveness analysis based on the capacity.

Chapter 10 – Global Industrial Robot Motors Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Robot Type

Based on the robot type, the solar pumps market is segmented into submersible and surface. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the solar pumps market and market attractiveness analysis based on the robot type.

Chapter 11 – Global Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Application

Based on the application, the solar pumps market is segmented into farming, residential, commercial, national parks, and industry water treatment. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the solar pumps market and market attractiveness analysis based on the application.

Chapter 12 – Global Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, by Region

This chapter explains how the solar pumps market will grow across several geographic regions, such as the North America, Latin America, Europe, South Asia, East Asia, Oceania, and Middle East & Africa (EMEA).

Chapter 13 – North America Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the North America solar pumps market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes, the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find regional trends, regulations, and market growth based on the technology and countries in North America.

Chapter 14 – Latin America Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the Latin America solar pumps market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes Brazil, Mexico, and the Rest of Latin America. Readers can also find regional trends, regulations, and market growth based on the technology and countries in Latin America.

Chapter 15 – Europe Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the Europe solar pumps market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes Germany, UK, Spain, France, Italy, BENELUX, and the Rest of Europe. Readers can also find regional trends, regulations, and market growth based on the technology and countries in Europe.

Chapter 16 – South Asia Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

India, ASEAN, Bangladesh, and the Rest of South Asia are prominent countries in the South Asia region. India and the ASEAN region, are the prime subjects of assessment to obtain growth prospects of the South Asia solar pumps market in this chapter. Readers can find detailed information about the growth parameters of South Asia, India, and the ASEAN solar pumps market during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 17 – East Asia Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 – 2029

This chapter provides information about how the solar pumps market will grow in major countries of East Asia, such as China, Japan, and South Korea during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 18 – Oceania Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029

This chapter provides information about how the solar pumps market will grow in countries of Oceania, such as Australia and New Zealand during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 19 – Middle East & Africa (MEA) Solar Pumps Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029

This chapter provides information about how the solar pumps market will grow in countries of Middle East & Africa (MEA), such as Morocco, Kenya, Ethiopia, GCC Countries, South Africa, and the Rest of MEA during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 20 – Market Structure

In this chapter, readers can find detailed information about the tier analysis and market concentration of key players in the solar pumpsmarket, along with their market presence analysis by region and product portfolio.

Chapter 21 – Competition Analysis

In this chapter, readers can find a comprehensive list of all the prominent stakeholders in the solar pumpsmarket, along with detailed information about each company, which includes the company overview, revenue shares, strategic overview, and recent company developments. Some of the market players featured in the solar pumps report are KSB SE & Co. KGaA, Kirloskar Brothers Limited, Grundfos, Franklin Electric, BW Solar (Waterboy), Shakti Pumps (India) Ltd., Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.,  Glynncorp Electrical, Bernt Lorentz GmbH & Co. KG, C.R.I. Pumps Private Limited, and Mono Pumps (NOV), Solar Mill, among others.

Chapter 22 – Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provides a base to the information and statistics included in the solar pumps market report.

Chapter 23 – Research Methodology

This chapter help readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain various conclusions as well as important qualitative and quantitative information about the solar pumps market.

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Lupine Publishers | Raya Indigenous Livestock Husbandry Practices in the Highlands of Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

Lupine Publishers | Scholarly Journal of Food and Nutrition

Abstract

Raya indigenous livestock husbandry practices was conducted in Emba-Alaje Enda-Mekoni and Ofla Wereda of Southern Tigray, featured by mountain chains and located at 12°47’ N latitude 39°32’ E longitude. with the aim to determine constraints and opportunities that exist within the farming systems, for better targeted improvement and to design policies strategies to support peculiar livestock husbandry practice, since it is experiences of the greatest successes stories of developing country agriculture and one of the most unsung, especially in the disadvantaged marginalized areas. Single household respondent was used as sampling unit, using Proportional Probability to Size approach. Out of 156HHs, 73.5% were male headed while 26.5% female-headed. Educational status of HHs members was diverse that was composed of 12.8% educated while 41%HHs members were illiterate. Average family size was 4.6±1.84. 83.33%HHs used own family labour, while others use hired labour. Feeding, watering, barn cleaning, animal keeping, monitoring animal health, cow milking, and selling dung cake tasks of wives and children, while feed purchase, buying and selling animals were husband’s duty. Age at first calving was 3.5 years for local while 2.5years for exotic breeds and calving interval was similar 1.5 year. The average milk yield was 2±1 litres for Arado, 5±1 litres for jersey and 10±2 litres for Holstein Frisians. The average cattle herd size were 3+1 in urban, 4.67+4.93 in periurban and 3.75±2.12 in rural farms. There was significant (P< 0.05) difference for cattle breed in lactation length and milk yield but no remarked (p>0.05) difference in Wereda level. Housing system of the study areas were featured backyard compound in 62.18% of the respondents, partial shelter in 17.95% of the respondents and improved barn in 19.87% of the dairy farmer respondents. Alternative interventions for betterment of the indigenous husbandry practice is with the climate change are timely scenario.

Keywords: Raya, Indigenous livestock husbandry, Arado, Holestain fresian

Introduction

Domestication of ruminant animals and their use to produce milk, meat, wool, and hides represents one of the cornerstone achievements in the history of agriculture. The essential feature of the ruminant animal that has fostered its utility as a dairy animal is the presence of a large pre-gastric chamber where microbial digestion of feed particularly fibrous feeds not directly digestible by human, provides various fermentation products that serve as precursors for efficient and voluminous synthesis of milk. Without this symbiosis between animal and microbe, the dairy industry would not have developed, and indeed human culture would be vastly different in its food-gathering methods (Weimer and James, 2001).

In Ethiopia, the livestock production system, which is dominated by indigenous breeds of low genetic potential for milk production, accounts for about 98% of the country’s total annual milk production. The low productivity of the country’s livestock production system in general and the traditional sector in particular is mainly attributed to shortage of crossbred dairy cows; lack of capital by dairy producers, inadequate animal feed resources both in terms of quality and quantity; unimproved animal husbandry system; inefficient and inadequate milk processing materials and methods; low milk production and supply to milk processing centers; and poor marketing system. Making improvement interventions to the traditional sector is, therefore, crucial if development of the livestock sector of the country is targeted. Its large livestock population; the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds; and the relatively diseasefree environment for livestock make Ethiopia to hold a substantial potential for dairy development. Considering the substantial potential for smallholder income and employment generation from high-value livestock products, development of the dairy sector can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and nutrition in the country. With the present trend characterized by transition towards market-oriented economy, the dairy sector appears to be moving towards a takeoff stage [1].

Dairy enterprises are the “white gold” of many developing countries, creating pathways out of poverty while boosting better human nutrition and health, regular income generation, employment, crop farming, and natural resource management. The context for smallholder dairy development in Ethiopia has been changing rapidly, creating both new opportunities and challenges [2]. According to Mburu [3] characterization of smallholder dairy production systems in highlands is critical in understanding the constraints and opportunities that exist within the farming systems. It allows better targeting of dairy improvement research and development. Therefore, information obtained can be valuable for detailed analysis of constraints and opportunities found in smallholder dairy systems and to design policies and strategies to support smallholder dairy development programs in variable intensification that one has to be aware of the challenges of dairy which, is one of the greatest successes stories of developing country agriculture and one of the most unsung, especially in the disadvantaged marginalized areas.

The bulk of Ethiopian livestock’s provision to the economy is not properly identified in conventional national accounts as coming from livestock. These distortions are particularly acute for highland livestock production systems in which animal energy for transport and dung for fuel are as important as conventional milk and meat production [4] that confirmed less attention was given to the sector despite its indispensible contribution to the economy of the majority of dairy farmers and the nation.

Livestock production in Ethiopia is constrained by a multitude of technical, financial, institutional and socio-economic factors [5]. Coordinating inputs (knowledge, finance, social and political capital) of various actors and their expectations in a way to create best practices and innovations could contribute better exploitation of the resource [2]. ‘When there is no bridge, there is always other means!’ [1]. The marginalized disadvantaged dairy farmers did not have exposure and access to affordable improved technological facilities that enable livestock production ease and profitable; consequently they do act according to their local resources and custom which demand due focus and research.

In Ethiopia, particularly in the highlands of Southern Tigray where previous research is very meagre [5], the indigenous livestock husbandry system is very peculiar than any other areas since long period of time but the doubt is their extent of production in comparison to their demand, nutritional needs and economic values, that is why the objective of this paper has targeted on the main indigenous livestock husbandry practices in relation to the livestock resource potential. Thus this work was initiated with the following objectives:-

1. To identify indigenous livestock husbandry practices & constraints in the study area, and

2. To determine the livestock breed composition of the area

Materials and Methods

The research was conducted in Emba-Alaje Enda-Mekoni and Ofla Wereda of Southern Tigray, from December 01, 2011 to February 30 2012, which are featured by mountain chains, where Maichew of Enda-Mekoni is located at 12°47’ N latitude 39°32’ E longitude and an altitude of 2450m.a.s.l. It has a rainfall ranging from 600-800mm , temperature ranging 12-24oC, and relative humidity of 80% , which is highly variable from year to year and erratic in nature. The district is located on about 90-180km south of Mekelle city and 600-690Km north of the capital city Addis Ababa. The study area is also categorized as one of the populated highland areas of the country where land per household is 0.8h. Korem of Ofla lay on 12029’N latitude, 39o32’E longitude and that of Adishehu of Emba-Alaje is located on 120 56’N latitude and 39029’E longitude [6].

Single household respondent was used as sampling unit and sample size determination was applied according to the formula recommended by Arsham [7] for survey studies:

SE = (Confidence Interval)/(Confidence level) = 0.10/2.58 = 0.04, n= 0.25/SE2 = 0.25 / (0.04)2= 156

Where, confidence interval=10% and confidence level=99%

Where: N- is number of sample size

SE= Standard error, that SE is at a maximum when p= q = 0.5, with the assumption of 4% standard error and 99% confidence level.

The total sample size was determined to be 156 for the household level interview. Proportional Probability to Size (PPS) approach for uniformity matters as Desalegn [8]. Three approaches namely, participatory rural appraisal for base line information and formal (diagnostic) survey using well-structured questionnaire, farm visit & group discussions of the entire system were used to generate qualitative & quantitative data.

A translated pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on quantitative and qualitative data: Demographic situations, level of education, type of dairy breed, production performance, production objectives, variety of products, husbandry system, major production constraints, livestock disease incidences; opportunities for improvement and other related issues.. For the field survey, the method of data collection used was single- visit-multiple-subject survey. Data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel [9] and Statistical Package for Social Sciences [10] computer software program. Survey results were summarized using descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, and percents; mean differences were tested using student’s t.

Result

The results obtained on household characteristics are presented in (Table 1). As shown, 25.6% of the respondents were less than 40 years of age, 51.3% of them aged 41-60 years while those with the age of more than 60 were only 23.1%. Of the total households interviewed, 73.5% were headed by males the rest being female-headed. When the issue comes to literacy level, the educational status of the household members was diverse that was composed of 12.8% educated while 41% of the household members were illiterate (i.e., do not read and write). Average family size was 4.6±1.84 that ranged from 1 to 14. Labour use, 83.33% of the interviewed households used own family labour, where as the other proportion of them use hired labour in addition for dairy farming. Feeding, watering, barn cleaning, animal keeping, monitoring animal health, cow milking, and selling dung cake were performed mainly by wives and children, while feed purchase, buying and selling animals were responsibilities of the husband.

Milking Procedure Practiced

Milking twice per day (morning and evening) was the tradition followed by all households. Among the respondent dairy farmers, 25% of both urban and periurban dairy farmers practice zero grazing and milk their animals at a regular time of the day to supply the product according to their customers demand (Table 2). Whereas the rest of the proportion do not follow regular time of milking apart from maintaining the frequency. The housing systems, the cleaning processes and the procedures followed by the household are predominantly traditional. Udder washing was practiced by 10.89% respondents, of which 23.10% were from Emba-Alaje, 35.3% from Enda-Mekoni, 29.4% were from Ofla urban and 8.6% were Ofla rural areas who introduced cross breed cows.

Feeding Practice

Crop residues from teff, pulses, barley, wheat and maize and sorghum plus hay and natural pasture are the major feed resources the study area. Coping mechanisms practiced in the study areas during feed scarcity were moving to areas with available feed termed as ‘urna’, providing grass harvested from sloppy hills. The other important feed resources include spineless and thorny Cactus while some do practice forage development minimally. The crop residue conservation practices followed by the farmers are subject to nutritional losses. In the urban dairy farming, use of concentrate feeds is a potential alternative through which productivity of cows can be improved; however, the high cost was a limiting factor. Majority of the dairy farmers use leftover house hold feeds such as hull of grain after milling. Hatela (slurry from local brew) was another form of concentrate feed available (Figures 1 & 2).

Housing Systems

Housing system of the study areas were featured backyard compound in 62.18% of the respondents, partial shelter in 17.95% of the respondents and improved barn in 19.87% of the dairy farmer respondents. In Urban Emba-Alaje, 76.92% of the respondents practiced improved housing but not hygienic for they do not clean the barn because they deemed crucial bedding to absorb heat for the animals (Figure 3).

Calf Rearing

Cattle are kept in barns under normal circumstances and calves are kept in houses until they are strong enough to bear the extreme climatic phenomena. Young animals are managed in a traditional way. Suckling calves are kept separate from their dams, except when calves are used to stimulate milk letdown. Traditionally, calve suckling practice is believed to stimulate milk letdown, prevent teat blockage and softened the teat for ease of hand milking. If the calf dies, the hide is stuffed with cereal straw or grass with four legs made of sticks, rubbed by salt so that the dam would lick it to simulate the presence of the calf and stimulate milk letdown. Young children and females in general do mostly attend calves near encampments. Herders are well aware of colostrum feeding for the new born animals and understand the beneficial effect on health of the young.

In all the rural and periurban areas calves are herded in group by child and/or widowed of misery part of the community and encouraged by providing milk of every Wednesday termed as ‘tseba rebue’, while urban areas do practice tethering in backyards. Overnight, calves do spent in calf pen (urban and periurban) or in the normal household home (rural areas) isolated from their dams or herd. In local cows majority of the dairy farmers responded until the cow become dry of that rejects her calf from suckling was related with end of lactation period. But those owners of exotic do practice 4-6 months suckling before weaning. Traditionally, the herders use different types of weaning methods. Weaning is performed by piercing the nose of the calf with thorns, twisting up the nose skin of the calves to prevent suckling (as this causes pain when the wounded nose touches the teat) and smearing of teats with animal dung (Figures 4 & 5).

Record keeping

The most important record kept in the dairy farms was birth date that was considered in 44.9% respondents followed by 29.49% respondents to record amount of milk sold, 27.56% respondents used breeding record and 27.56% respondents used feed expenditure record, while 53.20% of the respondents do follow random husbandry practice. Breeding record, birth date and feed cost are recorded. Wereda level 72% of respondents from Enda-Mekoni, 33.33% respondents from Emba-Alaje and 32.76% of respondents from Ofla had record keeping trials (Table 3).

Milk Products Marketing

It was noticed that milk marketing was limited to urban and periurban areas but not in the rural districts. The major milk marketing challenges the respondents complained were 52.56% claimed cultural taboos and distance from market areas while 26.92% of the respondent dairy farmers blamed the discouraging market due to lower understanding of consumers to milk nutrition, poor talents of entrepreneurship of milk producers, and lack of road to transport milk from remote areas. Majority of the studied households reported that the demand for the milk products was high during dry season and low during wet season, besides to the fasting periods.

In the study area, the smallholders rear livestock for draught power, milk production, beef production and generate income through live animal sale, especially as a guarantee in case of risk. Also respondents indicated that cattle were used as manure for fertilizing the homestead farmland and compaction of seedbeds. Hide and skin of the animal was used either as source of cash income or used as household furniture such as grain storage, mat and to carry a baby on back of mothers locally termed as “delobo” Others: include manure, dung to smear floors and walls and also for fuel (for cooking purpose or to fire alternative thorny cactus feed). Concerning to dung utilization, 5% of Ofla Wereda respondents do practice biogas, while the rural Enda-Mekoni in vicinity to Ofla have exposure and were in infant stage unlike to Emba-Alaje Wereda where there was no dream of biogas. The interesting thing is dairy farmers exchange dung cake for hatela concentrate feed contracts in majority of urban dairy farms or else cover some part of household earning by selling particularly females of the household (Figure 6).

Age at first calving was 3.5 years for local while 2.5years for exotic breeds and calving interval was similar 1.5 year. The average milk yield was 2±1 litres for Arado, 5±1 litres for jersey and10±2 litres for Holstein Frisians. The average cattle herd size were 3+1 in urban, 4.67+4.93 in periurban and 3.75±2.12 in rural farms. The population of Holstein Frisian decreased from urban to rural while that of the Arado breed increased, indicating that dairy farming in rural destined on Arado while urban destined on Holstein Frisian breeds. Milking cows of the study areas were 23.1% out of 845 cattle owned by the respondents, which were composed of 631 local including Arado, Raya and Begait breeds and 214 crossbred of Holstein Frisian and Jersey upgraded cattle (Figure 7) (Table 4).

Animal Health Challenges

There was outbreak of FMD regional level, in particular, Emba- Alaje area but controlled due to regional vaccination campaign. In steep gorges of mountain area and less infrastructure, efficiency of the veterinary services or the veterinary personnel highly depends on the availability of facilities such as transportation, veterinary equipment, drugs. Besides, the farmers practice folklore medicine, to save their animals by bleeding, branding and use of herbal medicines. Urban dairy farmers do have better access to veterinary service that could be affordable in comparative to their income from milk. The steep gorges of the study area are part of animal and human hazard losses that enforced some farmers to stick on zero grazing. The author has also experienced to see severely broken or death of animals through falling in the steep gorges (Figure 8) (Table 5).

CBPP= Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia

Discussion

The mean value of family size in the study areas 4.6±1.84 persons was comparable to CSA [6] report which was 4.5 for Enda- Mekoni, 4.29 for Ofla and 4.36 persons to a household for Emba- Alaje. This slight difference might be the reflection of the steady growth of the population. The proportion of the households who participated in the dairy technology package was 28.8%. In terms of labour use, 83.33% of the interviewed households used own family labour, where as the other proportion of them use hired labour in addition for dairy farming. Feeding, watering, barn cleaning, animal keeping, regulating animal health, cow milking, churning milk, milk selling and selling dung cake were more of performed by wife and children, while feed purchase, buying and selling animals as well as medication activities (bleeding and branding), were responsibility of the husband. Sell and purchase of dairy animals belong to the spouses more of men while women discharge feeding, milking and dairy products processing and selling. Herding to adolescents or hired in free grazing on communal natural pastures that constituted almost the only feed resource for all rural dairy farmers. Similar work by Girma, et al. [11] characterized that children are the primary care takers of cattle at day time. Rural dairy farms are characterized by roofless fenced enclosures to keep cattle during night times; calves being separated from adults and housed in the same shelter with households, however, dairy farming packaged households do abide by zero grazing and modified shelter for the hybrid Holstein Frisian cows.

Milking cows of the study areas were 23.1% out of 845 cattle owned by the respondents, which were composed of 631 local including Arado, Raya and Begait breeds and 214 crossbred of Holstein Frisian and upgraded Jersey cattle The result is indifferent from MoA (2004) report in Ethiopia that 11.82% of 2990 cattle population in 1998 was milking cows. That could be due to time difference and business mindedness of dairy farmers in urban agriculture now than draught oxen focus by the then time. The population of Holstein Frisian decreased from urban to rural while that of the Arado breed increased, indicating that dairy farming in rural destined on Arado while urban destined on Holstein Frisian breeds. Milking twice a day is similar to the milking frequency practiced in many parts of the country. Time of milking is normally early morning and late evening that is consistent with Sintayehu (2008). But time of the day particularly morning hours could vary that milking is delayed during cool seasons.

Average age at first calving was 3.5 years for local, while 2.5 years for exotic breeds and calving interval was similar 1.5 year. The lactation length was averaged 6±1 months for local cows while 8±1 months for exotic breeds that matched with Dawit (2009) report in Eastern Tigray who also summarized, milk yield of local breeds from 1.8±0.4 in Arado to 5±0.5 of Begait breeds. The average milk yield was 2±1 litres for local breeds, 5±1.5 litres for hybrid jersey and10±2 litres for hybrid Holstein Frisians. There was significant (P< 0.05) difference for cattle breed in lactation length and milk yield but no remarked (p>0.05) difference in Wereda level. Highest lactation length recorded in Maichew Holstein Frisian was 2 years, contrary to the universal record of 10 months exotic breeds, actually the cows displayed no observed heat. The study result disagreed with Mulugeta [12] who reported average daily milk off take from local cows 1.09 litres and crossbred cow 5.97 litres, with overall lactation length of both local and crossbred cows was 7.52±1.64 months as per farmer’s statements. Adebabay [13] recorded local cow’s milk yield of 1.46kg/cow/day. Genzebu (2012) in northern Tigray also added that Arado cows give an average milk yield of 1 - 2 liters/day for an average lactation period of 7.3 months.

In close affinity to Asfaw (2010) work in Arsi zone, generally more number of services per conception was reported using AI as compared to natural mating, attributed to inefficient AI services that included poor quality semen, poor heat detection techniques and inaccurate AI services. The same is true in feeding system that dairy producers practiced inadequate crop residue storage that hinders productivity of the animals. Similar to the reports of FAO, IDF [14] and Thapa (2000) dairy production was influenced by feed problem, poor animal health services and shortage of drugs, dissemination of poor genetic material, poor government attention to dairying, unreliable AI service, working land shortage to expand and/or forage development, market problems for dairy products, financial problem (absence of credit), waste disposal, lack of recording system (poor information flow), lack/poor extension service & training, lower understanding of the respondent, poor hospitality of AI/ veterinary renders. Traditional medication practice such as bleeding and hot branding that damage hide economy of the nation for unreliable remedy could be minimized as remarked PPLPI [15] by pen side diagnostics for common diseases.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Livestock production plays an important role in the socioeconomic and cultural life of the people inhabiting in the mountainous chains of the area. The cows fulfil an indispensable role for the dairy farmers serving as sources drought ox, milk food, income from sale of butter, the only determinant women hair lotion, source of dunk cake for family fuel and served as prestige and confidence to avert risks. The respondent remarked Wedi Lahimika for own bull and no one could cheer you what a cow could do indeed” to mean reliable resource and do have special dignity for the cow [16,17].

Establishment of dairy shades in the urban areas enabled to strengthen women economy who could not have initial capital and land access, to create employment opportunity and access of protein feeds to the other part of society. The marginalized disadvantaged dairy farmers do not have exposure and access to affordable improved technological products to handle and process their milk products where balanced scenarios are implemented by avoiding pasteurizing and packaging costs, raw milk markets offer both higher prices to producers and lower prices to consumers. Constraints of dairy farming involve higher cost of dairy cows, disease problems, fasting leads to poor milk demand, low productivity of the cows, technology to improve shelf life of milk products, fear of hazards, thefts and predators, and land scarcity particularly in the case of mountain area where fragmentation of land is distributed ‘gebo meqolo’ for landless youths. Steep cliff of the area has its own agro-ecological advantage, but featured by cattle falling hazards [18-21].

The amount of milk collected for a single churn varies with the number of milking cows and their productivity. Interventions in input supply system, production technologies, processing, and marketing practice including the crossbred heifer supply, AI and bull services, vaccination, emerging infectious animal diseases prevention and treatment, development of feed sources, access to dairy production technologies, access to market and market information and supportive infrastructure development, and capacity development on skills of dairy cows management are all in infant stage in the Wereda that demand integrated implementation.

1. To recommend possible interventions for the betterment of existing conditions

2. Further study on nutritional composition of cactus feed mixes

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[sciencespies]

Mummified baboons narrow down the mystery location of an ancient fabled land

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Mummified baboons narrow down the mystery location of an ancient fabled land

The skulls of two baboons, mummified more than 3,000 years ago, have helped narrow down the location of a fabled “land of plenty”, which once supplied ancient Egypt with gold, frankincense, myrrh and monkeys.

Known as the land of Punt, or ‘God’s land’, this faraway fantastical realm may have actually existed outside its renowned mythology, despite no physical remnants of it having ever been found.

Ancient writings and drawings from the time have many archaeologists convinced the land of Punt was located somewhere around the Red Sea and was pivotal in the rise of the spice routes, also known as the maritime silk roads, which first linked Eastern and Western cultures and commerce. 

Or perhaps they should have been called the ‘baboon beats’. Researchers now think the traffic of a sacred monkey, known as the Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), was “an important, contributing factor to the rise of Red Sea trade during the 2nd millennium BC.” 

Ancient Egyptians seemed to have revered the Hamadryas baboon. The god Thoth, the supreme being of the moon and wisdom, is sometimes represented as a baboon (Thoth is also often depicted with the head of an ibis), with statues of the deity at temples. The ancient Egyptians also buried baboon mummies in tombs.

As such, ancient Egyptians travelled great distances to acquire living baboons. Their trade is actually the first recorded transplant of foreign fauna in human history. 

The land of Punt was a major emporium for monkeys and Hamadryas baboons specifically. Artwork shows these animals being transported back to Egypt on boats and sometimes by land, yet the ancient trade of animals is often overlooked when historians discuss Punt’s mystery location.

Detail from the walls of an Egyptian mortuary temple. The baboon is one of seven examples of Papio hamadryas depicted in the rigging of Egyptian ships returning to Egypt from Punt. (Nathaniel Dominy)

Tracing the origins of numerous baboon mummies found in ancient Egyptian temples and tombs, researchers now think the Hamadryas species was sourced from a region spanning Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and some of Somalia and Yemen.

“This result is a testament to the tremendous reach of Egyptian seafaring during the 2nd millennium BC,” the authors write.

“It also corroborates the balance of scholarly conjecture on the location of Punt.”

In the past, experts have argued the fabled lands of Punt sit near the Somali coast. Others think they continue eastward toward Eritrea or include more of the Arabian Peninsula, such as present-day Yemen. There are even those who argue the land stretches as far as Uganda or Mozambique, although this notion is more strongly disputed.

The new estimated location, while still provisional, helps narrow our focus.

“Many scholars view trade between Egypt and Punt as the first long maritime step in a trade network known as the spice route, which would go on to shape geopolitical fortunes for millennia,” explains anthropologist Nathaniel Dominy from Dartmouth College.

“Baboons were central to this commerce, so determining the location of Punt is important.”

Map of Africa and skull of specimen EA6738 with import from somewhere in the red shaded region, a likely location for the fabled land of Punt. (Jonathan Chipman and Nathaniel Dominy)

Apart from examining mummified baboons, researchers analysed the tissue of 155 modern baboons from 77 locations (which existed within the current hypothesised location for Punt). Comparing the chemical compositions in the monkeys’ teeth, bones, and hair, the team was able to generally figure out where they came from.

Chemical signatures left in the animal’s remains can tell us information about where they lived. The mix of strontium isotopes vary with the food they eat, for example, and are fixed in the tooth enamel early in life.

Analysing these chemical signatures, the new findings show both the hamadryas mummies – EA6738 and EA6736 – were not born in Egypt. Instead, the authors think these mummified remains, permanently positioned like the god Thoth, came from a location in Eritrea, Ethiopia or Somalia. 

One of the hamadryas monkeys, EA6738, appears to have lived in Egypt for many years. Its original home was found to sit squarely within the natural distribution of its species – right where Punt is thought to exist.

The other monkey, EA 6736, died shortly after arriving in Egypt. With just days or months in a new land, its hair and enamel did not have enough time to become tainted with Nile sediments.

Because their canines had all been pulled, the authors think these monkeys were living around people, possibly as royal pets, fruit harvesters, or even police animals. As the authors note: one bite from these fellas could cut through a thigh muscle right to the bone.

In contrast, five mummified baboons of another species, traded across Africa several hundred years earlier, appear to have been born and raised in Egypt under very different circumstances.

Because Egypt was thought to be devoid of any monkey species, the authors think it provides “tantalising hints of a captive breeding program for baboons at this time, probably in Memphis, an ancient capital in Lower Egypt, northwest of the Red Sea.”

What these monkeys were used for is another matter, but they appear to have lived harder lives than the idolised hamadryas. Their mummified bodies showed remnants of prolonged indoor confinement and vitamin D deficiencies.

“Setting aside the puzzling question of why ancient Egyptians deified P. hamadryas, the level of reverence was sufficient to justify the importation, husbandry, and mummification of it and another species, P. anubis, the olive baboon,” the authors write. 

While often forgotten by historians and archaeologists, mummified baboons from ancient Egypt might be the last remaining clue to the long lost land of Punt.

“Trade in exotic luxury goods, including baboons, was the engine behind early nautical innovations,” says Dominy.

“For over 150 years, Punt has been a geographic mystery. Our analysis is the first to show how mummified baboons can be used to inform this enduring debate.”

The study was published in eLife. 

#Humans

[analytical-harshad]

Gold Analysis | Gold Testing | Gold Refinery | Gold Melting Machine | Precious Metal Weighing Scales

Title: Streamline Your Gold Refining Process with Harshad Group's Aqua Regia Gold Refinery Plants  Introduction:  Gold refining is a meticulous process that requires precision and expertise to extract pure gold from various impurities. Harshad Group, a trusted provider of analytical instruments and solutions, offers a wide range of gold refinery plants. Specializing in the aqua regia process, these plants are customizable, ranging from 5kg to 250kg or higher, catering to the diverse needs of jewelers, mining companies, and refineries. In this article, we will explore the significance of aqua regia gold refining and introduce you to Harshad Group's top-of-the-line refinery plants, available at https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/refinery/.   The Aqua Regia Process for Gold Refining:  The aqua regia process is a well-established method for refining gold. It involves the combination of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, creating a powerful solvent that dissolves gold and separates it from impurities. Aqua regia can effectively dissolve base metals, alloys, and other non-gold components, leaving behind pure gold. This versatile and widely used process ensures high purity levels and is favored by professionals in the gold refining industry.  Harshad Group's Gold Refinery Plants:  Harshad Group offers a comprehensive range of gold refinery plants suitable for various capacities. Whether you require a smaller-scale plant or a larger one with a capacity of 250kg or more, Harshad Group has customizable solutions to meet your specific requirements. The refinery plants, available at https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/refinery/, are designed with precision engineering and cutting-edge technology, ensuring efficient and reliable gold refining processes. With user-friendly interfaces and advanced control systems, these plants streamline operations, minimize downtime, and optimize productivity.   Popularity in the Middle East and Africa: Harshad Group's gold refinery plants have gained significant popularity in the Middle East and Africa. Countries such as Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Mali, Cameroon, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Ghana have witnessed a surge in demand for these high-quality refinery plants. The robust construction, reliable performance, and customizable nature of Harshad Group's plants make them the preferred choice for gold refining in these regions. With their dedication to customer satisfaction and comprehensive after-sales support, Harshad Group has established itself as a trusted supplier of gold refinery plants in the Middle East and Africa.   Conclusion:  If you are in the gold refining business and seeking to enhance your operations, Harshad Group's aqua regia gold refinery plants are the ideal solution. With their customizable options, ranging from 5kg to 250kg or higher, these plants provide flexibility to accommodate different refining capacities. By visiting https://analytical.harshad.com/product-category/refinery/, you can explore Harshad Group's extensive range of refinery plants and find the perfect fit for your gold refining needs. Whether you are based in Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Mali, Cameroon, Mauritius, Tanzania, Ghana, or any other country in the Middle East or Africa, Harshad Group's refinery plants will enable you to refine gold efficiently, achieving high purity levels and maintaining the utmost quality standards.

[freenewstoday]

New Post has been published on https://freenews.today/2020/12/10/merkel-facebook-ethiopia-your-thursday-briefing/

Merkel, Facebook, Ethiopia: Your Thursday Briefing

(Want to get this briefing by email? Here’s the sign-up.)

Good morning.

We’re covering rising numbers of cases of the coronavirus in Germany, the prospect of a Facebook breakup and the nearly 50,000 displaced Ethiopians.

Germany is experiencing a record number of deaths from the coronavirus, with as many people dying from the virus in the first seven days of December as died in traffic accidents across the country in all of 2019.

Germany emerged from the first wave of the virus with relatively few fatalities and enough intensive care beds to take on patients from neighboring countries. But the number of cases has risen after governors of the country’s 16 states last month agreed only to partial restrictions that left most stores and schools open, against Ms. Merkel’s wishes.

Here are the latest updates and maps of the pandemic.

In other developments:

Facebook illegally crushed competition, regulators say

After more than 18 months of investigation, federal regulators and more than 40 U.S. states accused Facebook of illegally stifling competition by buying up rivals like Instagram and WhatsApp. Prosecutors called for Facebook to break off those two services — and for new restrictions on future deals.

The lawsuits are the latest sign that regulators are becoming more aggressive about fighting corporate concentration, after decades of largely accepting it.

Official remarks: “Facebook has used its dominance and monopoly power to crush smaller rivals and snuff out competition, all at the expense of everyday users,” said Attorney General Letitia James of New York.

Response: A spokeswoman for Facebook said the Federal Trade Commission had cleared these acquisitions years ago. The company has argued in the past that the market for social media remained competitive, pointing to the growth of TikTok and Parler as examples.

Worrying prospects: Fighting in Tigray is degenerating into a guerrilla war that could unravel both Ethiopia���s national fabric and the stability of the entire Horn of Africa region, including Eritrea and Sudan.

If you have 12 minutes, this is worth it

A vaccine that fell behind in the U.S.

In the U.S., where regulators have been frustrated with AstraZeneca’s approach to releasing data, approval for the vaccine hangs in the balance, potentially putting the lives of thousands of Americans at risk.

Our reporters pieced together the series of communication errors and delayed trials that led to the drugmaker’s diminished credibility with U.S. regulators.

Here’s what else is happening

Brexit trade deal: Despite a dinner meeting between Prime Minister Boris Johnson of Britain and the president of the European Commission, Britain and the E.U. failed to break the deadlock in critical negotiations, which have a new deadline of Sunday. Without a deal on Britain’s leaving the E.U. economic area, British ports face huge backlogs and a mountain of customs declarations.

Religious extremism: After three terror attacks in recent months, the French government on Wednesday unveiled a draft bill that aims to combat radical Islamism. The law has already been called “heavy-handed” by the U.S. envoy on international religious freedom.

Iran nuclear: New satellite images show that Iran is building a key part of its nuclear facility underground in mountains about 140 miles south of Tehran to protect it from possible attack, according to analysis from The Times’s visual investigations team.

Cuban protests: Hundreds of artists and other young Cubans gathered in the country’s largest protest in decades, after seeing videos of police detentions circulated online, and in a rare instance of Cubans openly confronting their government.

Snapshot: Above, a cache of 63 gold coins from the reign of Henry VIII — uncovered by a family who were weeding their yard in April — is among the more than 47,000 archaeological finds reported in England and Wales this year.

Pantone’s colors of the year: Get ready for Ultimate Gray and Illuminating. Or, in normal-speak: the light at the end of the tunnel, with a vibrant lemon-yellow bursting forth from dismal gray. Together, a Pantone executive said, “the color combination presses us forward.”

Lives lived: Guido Goldman, a philanthropist and Renaissance man who used his vast wealth and extensive network of friendships in politics and the arts to help rebuild America’s relationship with Germany after World War II, died last month at 83.

What we’re reading: This New Republic article on a biography about the author of the children’s book “Harriet the Spy,” a favorite of Amelia Nierenberg, who writes our Coronavirus Schools briefing. She adds, “The piece on Louise Fitzhugh offers insight into the swirling Cold War politics and queer counterculture behind Harriet’s secrecy.”

Now, a break from the news

Cook: Yerushalmi kugel is a peppery, sweet-savory kugel that’s a specialty of Jerusalem and a perfect fit for any Hanukkah table.

Reflect: Can you name one good thing about 2020? We’re asking readers to contribute their submissions on spots of light in a somber year.

Do: Here’s how stress affects your skin, and some tips on minimizing its toll.

Let us help you unwind with our At Home collection of ideas on what to read, cook, watch and do while staying safe at home.

And now for the Back Story on …

Ending this pandemic and rebuilding trust

The Times gathered a group of doctors, medical scholars and health care executives to discuss the arrival of coronavirus vaccines and how battered American institutions should prepare for the next pandemic while repairing the damage wrought by this one. Here’s what they had to say.

An effective vaccine will be a huge breakthrough for society and the economy. It would also be a staggering scientific achievement.

Gregory Poland of the Mayo Clinic, who is also editor in chief of the journal Vaccine, described the vaccine “as nothing short of dizzying.”

“We were all prepared to see something like 50 to 70 percent efficacy, something like that. And to be in excess of 90 percent, 95 percent, puts it on par with the best vaccines that have ever been developed — and with apparent acceptable short-term safety. I think this is really going to have a profound effect on the field of vaccinology. I hate to overuse the word ‘paradigm-breaking,’ but it is, in many ways.”

To get back to normal more quickly, the most vulnerable should be vaccinated first.

“The only certain way, given what we know about the vaccine now, to get society back to being able to function is to have this be a less-severe disease,” said Marc Lipsitch, from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He added, “The way you do that is to make the people in whom it’s severe no longer vulnerable.”

With public health education, the messenger is at least as important as the message.

Though communities of color have disproportionately borne the brunt of coronavirus cases in the United States, many in those communities are particularly wary of receiving the vaccine.

To change that, says James Hildreth, the president of Meharry Medical College, a historically Black medical school in Nashville, the message had to come from the right person. “We identified trusted messengers in those communities,” he said. “We empowered them with the information they needed. They needed to believe it first — and accept it first — and they were the ones that delivered the messages that turned out to be quite effective.”

That’s all for today. See you on Friday.

— Natasha

Thank you Theodore Kim and Jahaan Singh provided the break from the news. You can reach the team at briefing@nytimes.com.

P.S. • We’re listening to “The Daily.” Our latest episode is about the vaccine drive in Britain. • Here’s our Mini Crossword, and a clue: Move like a dreidel (four letters). You can find all our puzzles here. • The word “percontation,” a 16th-century punctuation mark that failed to gain traction, first appeared in The Times on Wednesday, according to the Twitter bot @NYT_first_said. • Mihir Zaveri, a reporter currently on the Express Desk, is joining Metro full time to cover New York City.

Source

[digitalconvo]

Explosives and Pyrotechnics Market Global Outlook on Key Growth Opportunity and Factors by Forecast 2025

Global Explosives and Pyrotechnics Market: Overview

The term pyrotechnics refers to substances or products that are explosive or combustible. Pyrotechnics is an umbrella term describing fireworks displays, realistic-appearing explosions in films, and other effects related to fireworks. These products play a pivotal role in the entertainment industry for creating a number of dramatic effects such as fire accidents and blasts. There are several types of pyrotechnic devices such as mine, gerb, flash, concussion, waterfall, flame projector, maroon, ice fountain, comet, mortar hit, crossette, line rocket, smoke, airburst, and fireball. Whereas, the types of explosives include TNT, dynamite, gun powder, ANFO, and nitroglycerin. High explosives and low explosives are the two broad categories of explosives.

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Global Explosives and Pyrotechnics Market: Key Trends

The rising mining activities across several regions in the world, coupled with the popularity of firework shows at various social events, are some of the most prominent growth drivers of the market. The rising demand for gold and diamond jewelry is likely to aid the expansion of the market, as these substances require mining explosives. The military explosives segment has been adopting smart explosives, boosting market growth. Moreover, an increase in the defense expenditure worldwide is likely to result in a greater demand for technologically smart weapons. Mining of coal is expected to present substantial opportunities because the ever-increasing population worldwide has been necessitating energy generation.

However, the market might face restriction due to the harm caused to the environment, animals, and humans from emissions and noise by explosives and pyrotechnics.

Global Explosives and Pyrotechnics Market: Market Potential

In August 2016, Hanwha Corp. entered an agreement with an Indonesian government chemical company, Dahana, whereby Hanwha will supply ‘non-electric detonators’ that are half made. Danaher will further develop the detonators and sell them in Indonesia. Hanwha is looking forward to expand its penetration in the mining sector. This company has been supplying high-quality explosives and pyrotechnics to the Indonesian market since 2012.

Hanwha Corp. also signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Ethiopian Construction Works Corp. in early June, 2016. The company is to provide heavy duty equipment for Ethiopia’s infrastructural development.

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Global Explosives and Pyrotechnics Market: Regional Outlook

Based on geography, the global market for explosives and pyrotechnics can be segmented into Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and the Rest of the World (RoW). The countries of Africa are expected to exhibit phenomenal growth potential due to the vast amount of minerals and natural ores that await mining.  The Middle East will represent a large portion of the market revenue owing to its flourishing oil and gas industry. Presently, the global market for explosives and pyrotechnics appears to be dominated by Asia Pacific, with China and India at the fore. Europe has been spending more on arms and ammunition, thereby contributing towards market growth. While in North America, the presence of key market players in the U.S. is likely to boost the expansion of the market.

Global Explosives and Pyrotechnics Market: Competitive Analysis

Some of the major companies operating in the global market for explosives and pyrotechnics are Austin Powder Company, ENAEX, Titanobel SAS, AECI Group, Solar Industries India, Chemring Group, Sasol Limited, Orica Mining Services, Pyro Company Fireworks, Skyburst, Supreme Fireworks, Hanwha Corp., Incitec Pivot, Zambelli Fireworks, Entertainment Fire-works, LSB Industries, Melrose Pyrotechnics, and Angelfire Pyrotechnics. Several leading market players are aiming at expanding their presence in the global market. For example, Orica Mining Services has extended its presence in nearly 100 countries. Similarly, Austin Detonator s.r.o. distributes around 90% of its ouput to the U.S., European Union, and Iceland. It has also started catering to the requirements of the countries in Asia pacific and the Middle East.

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About TMR Research:

TMR Research is a premier provider of customized market research and consulting services to business entities keen on succeeding in today’s supercharged economic climate. Armed with an experienced, dedicated, and dynamic team of analysts, we are redefining the way our clients’ conduct business by providing them with authoritative and trusted research studies in tune with the latest methodologies and market trends.

Contact:    

TMR Research, 3739 Balboa St # 1097, San Francisco, CA 94121 United States

Tel: +1-415-520-1050

[severepeanutperfection]

Castor Oil Derivatives Market Subsequent Increasing Demand, Growth, Segments & Forecast – 2025

Castor oil is one of the most multipurpose plant oils, obtained by pressing the seed of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis).It is well known source of a monounsaturated, ricinoleic and 18-carbon fatty acid. Owing to its unique chemical structure and rich properties, castor oil and its derivatives find uses in many industries such as cosmetics, food, lubricants, paints, agriculture, electronics & telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, perfumeries, plastics and rubber, inks & adhesives and textile chemicals. After plant oils, castor oil is considered to be the most required oil. However, growing concerns pertaining to biofuels specially biodiesel and biopolymer across the globe is pushingcastor oil to play a much larger role in the world economy.

Castor Oil Derivatives: Drivers & Restraints

Growth of major end-use industries (includes lubricants, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals) and increasing demand for sustainable products & biodegradable, on account of reducing dependence on petrochemicals is anticipated to fuel the demand for castor oil derivatives market. Also regulatory support and rising prices of alternative renewable chemicals is expected to drive the global castor oil derivatives market. However, factors influencing its manufacturing cost includes raw material availability, weather uncertainties, shortage of working capital, techniques & methods used for extraction and availability of substitute oil are resulting in restraints for the castor oil derivative market.

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Castor Oil Derivatives: Segmentation

On the basis of product type, the global castor oil derivatives market is segmented into –

Undecylenic Acid

Sebacic Acid (largest consumed castor oil derivatives)

Castor Wax or Hydrogenated castor oil (HCO)

Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO)

On the basis of application, global castor oil derivatives market is segmented into –

Lubricants

Cosmetics & Pharmaceuticals (largest application segment)

Biodiesel, Plastics & Resins

Preview Analysis of Castor Oil Derivatives Market: Global Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment 2015-2025: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/castor-oil-derivatives-market

Castor Oil Derivatives: Region-wise Outlook

The global castor oil derivatives market is expected to register a double digit CAGR for the forecast period, 2015? 2025. Asia-Pacific is expected to continue its dominance on the global castor oil derivatives market. India accounts for largest production of castor oil derivatives worldwide, followed by China and Brazil. Higher demand from the US, Europe and China has resulted in the higher prices for castor as well as increase in demand for castor oil derivatives. The major castor producing countries are India, China, Brazil, Paraguay, Ethiopia, Philippines, Russia and Thailand.

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Castor Oil Derivatives: Key Players

Some of players in global castor oil derivatives market are –

Thai Castor Oil Industries Co Ltd

Jayant Agro Organics

Hokoku Corporation

ITOH Oil Chemicals Co. Ltd

Gokul Overseas

Bom Brazil

Liaoyang Huaxing Chemical Co.Ltd.

Kanak Castor Products Pvt. Ltd.

Our advisory services are aimed at helping you with specific, customized insights that are relevant to your specific challenges. Let us know about your challenges and our trusted advisors will connect with you: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/askus/rep-gb-474

More from Chemicals & Materials:

Nitric Acid Market

Ceiling Tiles Market

Wood Pellets Market

About FMI

Future Market Insights (FMI) is a leading provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving clients in over 150 countries. FMI is headquartered in Dubai, the global financial capital, and has delivery centers in the U.S. and India. FMI’s latest market research reports and industry analysis help businesses navigate challenges and make critical decisions with confidence and clarity amidst breakneck competition. Our customized and syndicated market research reports deliver actionable insights that drive sustainable growth. A team of expert-led analysts at FMI continuously tracks emerging trends and events in a broad range of industries to ensure that our clients prepare for the evolving needs of their consumers.

Contact

Mr. Abhishek Budholiya Unit No: AU-01-H Gold Tower (AU), Plot No: JLT-PH1-I3A, Jumeirah Lakes Towers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates MARKET ACCESS DMCC Initiative For Sales Enquiries: sales@futuremarketinsights.com For Media Enquiries: press@futuremarketinsights.com Website: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com

[robinmark]

Wood Charcoal Market Estimated To Experience A Hike In Growth By 2020

A recent market study published by Future Market Insights (FMI) on the Wood Charcoal market includes the global industry analysis for 2015-2019 & opportunity assessment for 2020-2030, and delivers a comprehensive assessment of the most important market dynamics. Our analysts conduct thorough research on the historical as well as current growth parameters of the market to obtain growth prospects with maximum precision.

Wood Charcoal Market: Taxonomy

Wood Type

Softwood

Hardwood

Product Type

Charcoal Lump

Charcoal Briquettes

Charcoal Powder

Chapter 01 – Executive SummaryReport Chapters

The report initiates with the executive summary of the Wood Charcoal market, which includes a summary of the key findings and statistics of the market. It also includes the demand & supply-side trends pertaining to the Wood Charcoal market.

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Chapter 02 – Market Overview

In this chapter, readers can find the definition and a detailed taxonomy of the Wood Charcoal market, which will help them understand the basic information about the Wood Charcoal market. Along with this, comprehensive information about Wood Charcoal is provided in this section. This section also highlights the inclusions and exclusions, which help readers understand the scope of the Wood Charcoal market report.

Chapter 03 – Key Market Trends

The Wood Charcoal market report provides key market trends that are expected to significantly impact market growth during the forecast period. Detailed industry trends are provided in this section.

Chapter 04 – Key Success Factors

This section includes key successful factors and strategies adopted by key market participants.

Chapter 05 – Global Wood Charcoal Market Demand Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

This section explains the global market value analysis and forecast for the Wood Charcoal market for the forecast period of 2020-2030. This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the historical Wood Charcoal market, along with an opportunity analysis of the future. Readers can also find the absolute $ opportunity for the current year (2020), and incremental $ opportunity for the forecast period (2020–2030). Along with this, pricing analysis of the Wood Charcoal market at the regional level has been provided in this section. This section also explains the global market volume analysis and forecast for the Wood Charcoal market during the forecast period of 2020-2030.

Chapter 06 – Market Background

This chapter explains key macroeconomic factors that are expected to influence the growth of the Wood Charcoal market over the forecast period. Along with the macroeconomic factors, this section also highlights the value chain, supply chain, forecast factors, and value chain analysis for the Wood Charcoal market. Moreover, in-depth information about the market dynamics and their impact analysis on the market have been provided in the successive section.

Chapter 07 – Global Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030, Wood Type

Based on Wood Type, the Wood Charcoal market is segmented into softwood and hardwood. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the Wood Charcoal market and market attractiveness analysis based on Wood Type.

Chapter 08 – Global Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030, Product Type

Based on Wood Type, the Wood Charcoal market is segmented into charcoal lumps, charcoal briquettes, and charcoal powder. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the Wood Charcoal market and market attractiveness analysis based on Wood Type.

Chapter 09 – Global Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030, Application

Based on application, the Wood Charcoal market is segmented into fuel feedstock, reducing agent, filtration agent & gas masking, decolorizing agent, gastric medicine, sketches & paints, soil conditioning, gunpowder and others. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the Wood Charcoal market and market attractiveness analysis based on application.

Chapter 10 – Global Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030, by End Use

This chapter provides details about the Wood Charcoal market based on end use and has been classified into residential, commercial paints & sketches, water treatment and industrial.

Chapter 11 – Global Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030, by Region

This chapter explains how the Wood Charcoal market will grow across various geographic regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East & Africa.

For any queries linked with the report, ask an analyst@https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/ask-question/rep-gb-6315

Chapter 12 – North America Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the North America Wood Charcoal market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find the pricing analysis, regional trends, and market growth based on end use and countries in North America.

Chapter 13 – Latin America Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

This chapter provides the growth scenario of the Wood Charcoal market in Latin American countries such as Brazil, Mexico, and the Rest of Latin America. Along with this, an assessment of the market across target segments has been provided.

Chapter 14 – Europe Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

Important growth prospects of the Wood Charcoal market based on its end users in several countries such as the Germany, Italy, France, the U.K., Spain, BENELUX, Russia, and the Rest of Europe are included in this chapter.

Chapter 15 – East Asia Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

This chapter highlights the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in East Asia by focusing on China, Japan, and South Korea. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in East Asia.

Chapter 16 – South Asia Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

This chapter highlights the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in South Asia by focusing on India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Rest of South Asia. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in South Asia.

Chapter 17 – Oceania Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

This chapter highlights the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in Oceania by focusing on Australia and New Zealand. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in Oceania.

Chapter 18 – Middle East & Africa Wood Charcoal Market Analysis 2015-2019 & Opportunity Assessment 2020-2030

This chapter highlights the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in Middle East & Africa by focusing on Ethiopia, Nigeria, Congo, Ghana, South Africa and Rest of Middle East & Africa. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the Wood Charcoal market in the Middle East & Africa.

Chapter 19 – Market Structure Analysis

In this chapter, readers can find detailed information about the tier analysis and market concentration of key players in the Wood Charcoal market, along with their market presence analysis by region and product portfolio.

Chapter 20 – Competition Analysis

In this chapter, readers can find a comprehensive list of all the prominent stakeholders in the Wood Charcoal market, along with detailed information about each company, which includes company overview, revenue shares, strategic overview, and recent company developments. Some of the market players featured in the report are Kingsford Products Company, Royal Oak Enterprises, LLC., Duraflame, Inc., Fire & Flavor Grilling Co., Cooks International LLC, Fogo Charcoal, K.P Biocoal, Hans Enterprises, Greencoal Namibia CC and others

Chapter 21 – Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provides a base to the information and statistics included in the Wood Charcoal market report.

Chapter 22 – Research Methodology

This chapter help readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain various conclusions as well as important qualitative and quantitative information about the Wood Charcoal market.

About FMI

Future Market Insights (FMI) is a leading provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving clients in over 150 countries. FMI is headquartered in Dubai, the global financial capital, and has delivery centers in the U.S. and India. FMI’s latest market research reports and industry analysis help businesses navigate challenges and make critical decisions with confidence and clarity amidst breakneck competition. Our customized and syndicated market research reports deliver actionable insights that drive sustainable growth. A team of expert-led analysts at FMI continuously tracks emerging trends and events in a broad range of industries to ensure that our clients prepare for the evolving needs of their consumers.

Contact

Mr. Abhishek Budholiya

Unit No: AU-01-H Gold Tower (AU), Plot No: JLT-PH1-I3A,

Jumeirah Lakes Towers, Dubai,

United Arab Emirates

MARKET ACCESS DMCC Initiative

For Sales Enquiries: sales@futuremarketinsights.com

For Media Enquiries: press@futuremarketinsights.com Website: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com

[ericfruits]

Regulatory capture may be responsible for the Boeing 737 MAX’s safety problems

AMERICA’S AIRCRAFT-SAFETY regulator has been the industry’s gold standard since it was set up in the 1950s. When the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) called out an aeroplane as unsafe, counterparts around the world followed its lead. That changed after a Boeing 737 MAX jetliner crashed in Ethiopia on March 10th, killing all 157 on board, five months after the same model went down in Indonesia in apparently similar circumstances. The FAA grounded it only once all other big regulators around the world had done so.

A week on, analysis of the black box recovered in Ethiopia suggests “clear similarities��� with the Indonesian accident, the country’s transport ministry said on March 17th. This raises questions about the FAA’s certification of the plane. On March 17th the Wall Street Journal reported that the Department of Justice had launched a probe into the MAX’s development. Two days later the transportation secretary began an audit of the aeroplane’s certification process.

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What went wrong? Jon Ostrower, an aviation writer, points to Boeing’s decision in 2011 to put a new fuel-efficient engine on an earlier version of the popular 737. Airbus, its European arch-rival, was also planning to do the same on its competing narrow-body jet, the A320. But although there was plenty of room under the A320 to fit these wider engines, the squatter 737 had less space. Boeing decided to mount the engine further forward instead, making the plane less aerodynamically stable.

To improve stability, Boeing installed software called MCAS. This allowed pilots who were certified for the older 737 to fly the new version without getting a new licence. Boeing did not mention MCAS in instruction manuals before the Indonesian crash, the Seattle Times reported. Investigators think that MCAS may have contributed to that accident.

Boeing continues to have “full confidence” in the 737 MAX’s safety. While investigations continue, it says, “Boeing is finalising its development of a previously announced software update and pilot training revision that will address the MCAS flight control law’s behaviour in response to erroneous sensor inputs”. Boeing’s team is in Ethiopia helping the investigators. The company says it is “devoted to the quality and safety of the aircraft we design, produce and support”.

Jim Hall, former chairman of America’s National Transportation Safety Board, another regulator, sees the root of the problem in the FAA’s close relationship with Boeing. Since 2001 the company has lobbied vigorously to perform more of its own safety tests. In 2005 the FAA began to allow Boeing to do more self-certification. “It’s like putting children in charge of the sweet shop,” says a former Boeing adviser. An investigation by the transportation department in 2012 found that the FAA had not done enough to “hold Boeing accountable”. It quoted FAA employees who had reported retaliation for speaking up about problems with Boeing’s previous designs.

Scott Brenner, a former associate administrator at the FAA, points out that safety inspectors at the FAA’s office in Seattle, home to Boeing’s main production facilities, may have worked closely with Boeing’s own safety experts for decades. A once-antagonistic relationship has grown chummier in recent years. Posters warning “don’t talk to the FAA” are no longer a common sight.

It has not helped that President Donald Trump has left the top job at the FAA vacant since January 2018. The acting administrator lacks all the powers of a permanent head, notes Mr Hall. Financial constraints encouraged the FAA to outsource certification to planemakers. Its budget increased by a sixth between 2002 and 2018, while American air traffic grew by 40%.

On March 19th Mr Trump named Stephen Dickson, a respected former senior executive at Delta Air Lines, to head the FAA. By then, other regulators’ confidence in the FAA had been shot. The Ethiopian authorities have declined to give the black box to the FAA for data retrieval, sending it to France instead. Those in Canada and Europe are re-examining decisions to approve the 737 MAX based on mutual-recognition agreements with America. Rather than trust the FAA, they may order their own tests before certifying future Boeing aircraft as airworthy.

This article appeared in the Business section of the print edition under the headline "Flying too closely"

https://ift.tt/2FrAlw3

[ebenpink]

Commentaries, Analysis, And Editorials -- March 19, 2019 https://ift.tt/2TL58ge

Stringer, Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs, AFP | Qatari officials (C) take part in meeting between US envoy Zalmay Khalilzad (2nd-L), the US delegation, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai (6th-R), and the Taliban delegation in Doha, February 26, 2019.

Thomas Joscelyn and Bill Roggio, Politico: Trump’s Bad Deal with the Taliban Under peace envoy Zalmay Khalilzad, the administration seems poised to give away everything America has fought for in Afghanistan since 9/11. Last week, Afghanistan’s national security adviser, Hamdullah Mohib, launched into a broadside against Zalmay Khalilzad, the chief American diplomat responsible for negotiating with the Taliban. Addressing reporters in Washington, Mohib insinuated that Khalilzad is seeking to install himself as the “viceroy” of a new “caretaker government.” The State Department quickly issued a sharp rebuke, saying that any condemnation of Khalilzad was really a critique of its leader, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. Read more ....

Commentaries, Analysis, And Editorials -- March 19, 2019

New Zealand mass shooting reignites debates on what constitutes a 'lone wolf' terrorist attack -- Tasha Wibawa, ABC News Online Israel's Place in the Middle East Mayhem -- Yoel Guzansky, Sigurd Neubauer and Alex Vatanka, National Interest Oman’s economic woes a sign of coming times -- Robin Mills, Asia Times For both Xi Jinping and Donald Trump, the trade war is a test of political will and ideology -- Cary Huang, SCMP Kazakh Leader Resigning After Three Decades -- Peter Leonard, EurasiaNet Deaths, jail and cyber spies: The dangers of dissent in Thailand -- Sippachai Kunnuwong and Sophie Deviller, AFP Will Ethiopia-Eritrea Peace Last? -- Michael Rubin, National Interest How CNN reported on 'child slaves' who were not really enslaved -- Betty Mensah & Samuel Okyere, Al Jazeera Italy Signs Up for the Belt and Road Initiative -- Jacob Shapiro, RCW Ukraine's next president — a laughing matter? -- Roman Goncharenko, DW Five years after Crimea’s illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution -- Steven Pifer, Brookings Maduro’s Useful Idiots -- Shlomo Ben-Ami, Project Syndicate How a Marine’s Raw, Stunning Footage of War Became the Film Corps Leaders Don’t Want You to See -- David Axe, Daily Beast Is the world running out of gold? -- Ashutosh Pandey, DW from War News Updates https://ift.tt/2WdLgiK via IFTTT

[caveartfair]

Unpacking Medieval African Art’s Profound Global Legacy

Atlas of Maritime Charts (The Catalan Atlas), detail of Mansa Musa, Abraham Cresque, 1375. Courtesy of the Bibliothéque nationale de France and the Block Museum.

In popular discourse, the arts of Africa are positioned as having been discovered, interpolated, and folded into major Western art movements for the first time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The rise of modern art was concurrent with the “Scramble for Africa,” which officially began at the Berlin Conference in 1884, when European powerheads divided and claimed ownership over the majority of the nearly 12 million square miles that comprise the continent. As they’ve been codified by historians, these events imply that there was nothing happening in Africa prior to the arrival of Europeans; as German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel dismissively wrote, Africa is “no historical part of the world,” with “no movement or development to exhibit.”

Although several decades of archaeological and paleontological excavations have proven that life on this planet began in Africa, by and large, the continent has remained shrouded in a myopically dense, Eurocentric fog. Accounts of the existence of major cities and empires in Africa during the Middle Ages and before—including Kush in present-day southern Egypt and central Sudan, Axum in what is now Ethiopia, and Great Zimbabwe in modern-day Zimbabwe—are myriad. The legacy of colonialism, however, often overshadows more than a millennia of African history.

A new exhibition at the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art at Northwestern University aims to shine a light on Africa’s significant connections to and influence on the economy and material culture of the world—centuries before the calamitous brutality of imperialism and the transatlantic slave trade.

Ahmad Baˉbaˉ al-Tinbuktıˉ, as dictated to Yuˉsuf al-Isıˉ, The Uttermost Hope in the Preference of Sincere Intention over Action, Timbuktu, Mali, 1592. Photo by Clare Britt. Courtesy of the Block Museum.

Cap with striped inscribed silk, Egypt or Syria, Mamluk period, probably sultanate of al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad, 14th century. Courtesy of the Block Museum

Page from the "Blue" Qur'an, 9th–10th century. Photo courtesy of the Brooklyn Museum and the Block Museum.

Tuareg camel saddle (tarik or tamzak), Algerian Sahara. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Courtesy of the Block Museum.

Elephant head, Ife, Lafogido Nigeria, 12th–15th century. Courtesy of the National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Abuja, Nigeria.

Tent poles. © The Field Museum. Photo by John Weinstein. Courtesy of the Block Museum.

Kneeling Figure, Natamatao, Mopti region Mali, 12th–14th century. Photo by Seydou Camara. Courtesy of the Block Museum.

Opening on January 26th, “Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture and Exchange Across Medieval Saharan Africa” shifts the line of inquiry to center medieval Africa’s global influence through trans-Saharan trade networks in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia prior to the development of the slave trade. Dr. Kathleen Berzock, the Block’s associate director of curatorial affairs, organized the exhibition through cross-disciplinary partnerships with the Buffett Institute for Global Studies at Northwestern, as well as with historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists in Mali, Morocco, and Nigeria.

Showcasing over 250 objects (including artworks and archaeological fragments) spanning four continents and nearly a millennia, the show hopes to “shine a light on Africa’s pivotal role in world history through the tangible materials that remain,” Dr. Berzock explained, because “the legacy of medieval trans-Saharan exchange has largely been omitted from Western historical narratives and art histories, and certainly from the way that Africa is presented in art museums.”

Before now, the breadth of medieval Africa’s reach has been all but untapped in art-historical discourse. The majority of exhibitions have not highlighted the ways in which African material cultures had strong connections to economies and cultural production in other parts of the world. Objects like an ivory Madonna figurine from 12th-century France—carved from the tusks of African Savannah elephants—take on new resonance in the context of the trans-Saharan trade route. So does an extremely intricate 15th-century lost-wax cast from Nigeria, made of copper from the Alpine region. Such objects unequivocally establish Africa’s status as a global commercial center, and illustrate partnerships based on mutual benefit, rather than relationships marred by unequal exchange.

Virgin and Child, ca. 1275-1300. Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Block Museum.

Seated Figure, Possibily Ife, Tada Nigeria, Late 13th–14th century. Courtesy of the National Commission for Museums and Monuments and the Block Museum.

Opening on January 26th, “Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture and Exchange Across Medieval Saharan Africa” shifts the line of inquiry to center medieval Africa’s global influence through trans-Saharan trade networks in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia prior to the development of the slave trade. Dr. Kathleen Berzock, the Block’s associate director of curatorial affairs, organized the exhibition through cross-disciplinary partnerships with the Buffett Institute for Global Studies at Northwestern, as well as with historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists in Mali, Morocco, and Nigeria.

Showcasing over 250 objects (including artworks and archaeological fragments) spanning four continents and nearly a millennia, the show hopes to “shine a light on Africa’s pivotal role in world history through the tangible materials that remain,” Dr. Berzock explained, because “the legacy of medieval trans-Saharan exchange has largely been omitted from Western historical narratives and art histories, and certainly from the way that Africa is presented in art museums.”

Before now, the breadth of medieval Africa’s reach has been all but untapped in art-historical discourse. The majority of exhibitions have not highlighted the ways in which African material cultures had strong connections to economies and cultural production in other parts of the world. Objects like an ivory Madonna figurine from 12th-century France—carved from the tusks of African Savannah elephants—take on new resonance in the context of the trans-Saharan trade route. So does an extremely intricate 15th-century lost-wax cast from Nigeria, made of copper from the Alpine region. Such objects unequivocally establish Africa’s status as a global commercial center, and illustrate partnerships based on mutual benefit, rather than relationships marred by unequal exchange.

Fulani, Senegal, Bead, 19th–20th century. Courtesy of the Block Museum.

Because of Mansā Mūsā’s influence, in its golden age, Timbuktu was renowned as one of the world’s major centers of knowledge, trade, and Islamic culture. Most of the surviving texts from which we learn of Mansā Mūsā’s exploits, and the histories of the trans-Saharan trade, are in Arabic, largely written by Islamic merchants and scholars. “We want people to also think about who wrote that story, and what other ways there are to tell the story,” Lisa Corrin, the director of the Block Museum, told Artsy. Berzock agrees: “These ‘fragments in time’ are key to conjuring a new vision of the past,” she said. “We have a unique opportunity to use art history to contextualize these fragments and to use the special context of the museum to make visible the story of the thriving African cities and empires that were foundational to the global medieval world.”

Amid tense calls from contemporary African leaders for Western museums to return looted artifacts, the Block Museum chose to collaborate with African institutions like the Musée National and L’Institut des Sciences Humaines in Mali and the National Commission for Museums and Monuments in Nigeria. Their efforts brought an unprecedented trove of items as-yet unseen outside of Africa to the exhibition. Highlights range from a delicate, indigo-dyed woven fabric thought to be among the oldest existing African textiles, to terracotta and bronze sculptures predating the famed Benin bronzes.

“Caravans of Gold” is the first exhibition in recent memory to apply a wide lens to the pre-colonial period of African civilizations and their impact to effectively challenge what we think we know about the world. It’s a fallacious notion that Africa is without history, one that ultimately fuels the racialized subjugation and exploitation of people of African descent around the globe. The museum’s decision to present fragments is a novel one; it requires the viewer to make inferences and employ reasoning in a way that the standard, tacit relationship between a viewer and an art object typically does not. As we move forward in our efforts to transform narrative cycles that do not reflect who we want to be as a global society, this juxtaposition of fragments can be instructive: Nothing, history included, is ever totally complete. Understanding expands and contracts based on what details are placed in dialogue together, and fragments present an opportunity for robust critical engagement, analysis, and—most importantly—to stoke the imagination.

from Artsy News