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How Much Longer Can Glen Canyon Dam Last? (Sierra Club)
Excerpt from this story from Sierra Club:
This spring, the Bureau of Reclamation revealed damage to the river outlet works system of Glen Canyon Dam. While there is no structural risk to the huge dam on the Colorado River, the incident drew attention to the dam’s antiquated infrastructure and brought into question its ability to sustain water releases from Lake Powell at lower elevations. At risk are both the lower Colorado River Basin’s ecosystems—including the Grand Canyon—and the 30 million people who rely on the Colorado’s water.
The damage was caused by a High Flow Experiment Release in April 2023, by cavitation, a process that happens when water passing through pipes at high velocity creates air bubbles that cause erosion. During the 2023 release, 3,500 CFS (cubic feet per second) of water was released through the outlet works pipes for 72 hours. The aim was to distribute sediment throughout the Grand Canyon to maintain healthy beaches and riparian habitats.
Part of the reason Glen Canyon Dam was constructed between 1956 and 1963, in addition to water storage and hydropower generation, was to keep a million tons of Colorado River sediment each year from clogging Lake Mead, 305 miles downstream. Lake Powell, the resulting reservoir that straddles the Arizona-Utah border, flooded 169 miles of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon with 8 trillion gallons of water at maximum capacity. The reservoir is currently at an elevation of 3,577 feet and only 37 percent of capacity, reflecting both the two-decades-long drought and a slight uptick from the last wet winter.
Water is released from the dam through eight main penstocks, which produce hydropower. The four river outlet works are a secondary release option, typically reserved for flood control, High Flow Experiments, and when the power plant is offline. Cavitation, coating, and pipe wall damage were first observed in 1965 following a discharge slightly higher than that of 2023, and the damage has continued over time. While it doesn’t impede the functionality of the outlet works, it does highlight their limitations. Previously, it was assumed the pipes could be used for downstream releases if the reservoir dropped below power pool elevation, 3,490 feet. In an email response to a query, a Bureau of Reclamation spokesperson said that that is not a viable option: “If Lake Powell drops below elevation 3490 feet, Glen Canyon Dam releases could only be accomplished through the river outlet works, which have not been used as the exclusive means to release water and were not envisioned as the sole means to release water from Glen Canyon Dam.”
The bureau is currently running studies and physical modeling to better understand the situation, with an analysis expected by the end of this year. Meanwhile, it plans to replace the interior coating inside the original pipes, which will prevent corrosion but does not address the cavitation. In addition to the $9 million repair, Reclamation will also look to repair the hollow jet valves that regulate water flows through the outlet works.
The damage raises questions about the dam’s longevity. In 2022, environmental groups Great Basin Water Network, Glen Canyon Institute, and Utah Rivers Council released a report, Antique Plumbing & Leadership Postponed: How the Glen Canyon Dam’s Archaic Design Threatens the Colorado River Water Supply. Among their key concerns were the limitations of the river outlet works to release water should reservoir levels plummet. In April 2023, Lake Powell dropped to an elevation of 3,519 feet, the lowest it has been since the dam started filling.
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Picnic Ask
Ask and ye shall recieve @theaxolotleastofthesun it’s long af tho, so it’s under the cut.
1. Where and When is the picnic happening? (Gonna take this as ideal location and season basically)
a. Milo: Prefers someplace a bit south—warmer than the northern parts of the Eye. Summer in Sun Elf territory would be nice. Not south enough to get jungle-y and humid (Glim can take heat, but draws the line at humidity), but someplace he could retreat to the blessed relief offered by the shade of a scrubby tree and have a good excuse to eat his favorite spicy foods and sweat to cool down.
b. Glim: as stated above, he doesn’t do well in high humidity. Also not the biggest fan of excessive heat, but will put up with it for Milo’s sake. Were it up to him though, he would prefer an autumn picnic in a cozy shady glen under a still-full canopy of rich reds and violets and sunny yellows. A sigh of crisp wind carrying with it the first hint of winter.
c. Remmi: Love’s spring, especially when it’s still early. They love the way the fruit trees look while still flowering and the cool, but warming, breeze. They would most enjoy something near water, but with plush green grass still under foot. The Northern Reservoir is well tended, with bright, blossoming bushes hedging cobbled pathways. The surrounding park stretches most of the way ‘round. Remmi would most like a quiet day at the eastern edge—farthest away from the great roaring falls that lead into the canyon. Bonus if there are frogs.
d. Hani: Loves the dead heat of summer; the feel of warm sun on his skin. A midsummer, late afternoon picnic after a day of splashing around the Southern Sea would be heaven. Sure, the food might get a little sandy, but it wouldn’t stop him from eating and enjoying every second.
2. What food and drinks do your OCs bring? (you fool! You’re enabling me to indulge my fascination with food culture!)
a. Milo: Goes all out on the spice—picnic with him at your own peril. He packs extra-hot kimchi, seasoned roasted garlic cloves, Zevi’s falafel recipe, and a few other side dishes that reflect his upbringing by a Southern Dwarf familiar with Halfling food culture. He also gets pretty excited with drinks, bringing three; an iced ginger tea made with turmeric and black pepper, buttercup and honey hwachae (most non-halflings just call it wine even though it’s usually not alcoholic) because he’s (not so) secretly pretty sappy and sentimental, and Baekse-ju to finish off with a good pair for spicy food and just a touch of alcohol.
b. Glim: Settles for light, seasonal snack foods. He brings a bunch of fresh cut in-season fruit like apples (that yes, he does cut the skins to look like bunnies like his mother used to), a couple loaves of bara brith made with ground dried fruits and nuts served with butter, and a whole basket of pic ar y maen (cookies with raisins and currants mixed in). He brings spiced virgin cider and a fine local white wine to wash it down.
c. Remmi: As a professional baker, they refused to bring anything but their best to their picnic. They pick finger-food pastries—the best from their eclectic cooking experience and travels. Beignets topped with honey and powdered sugar—in a basket enchanted to keep them fresh and hot and crisp because they take pride in their work. An impressive assortment of petit fors lined up and packed tightly in another container. Muffuletta finger sandwiches with toothpicks holding them together for the more savory inclined guests. And finally some cranberry pastila which they hadn’t made in years and was their way of flexing their baker’s muscles. They pack a thermos of milk tea and an iced chocolate drink.
d. Hani: not a big cook. He was hoping Senya would do most of the cooking. It’s not like he’s particularly picky about what he ingests. To be polite though, he brings a crock of bamia—a stew with lamb, okra, tomatoes, and onion—that his mother would make on special occasions. He also brings an impressive array of drinks; sugar cane juice, carob juice, tamarind juice, and iced coffee.
3. What are your OC’s wearing to the picnic?
a. Milo: Largely his usual sort of outfit. A sleeveless turtleneck, cargo capris, and combat boots. He does add a lightweight cotton shawl embroidered with geese in shades of red that he got as a wedding gift from Lian. He wears it to avoid sunburn, but once in the shade and eating, he carefully folds it and sets it aside so it doesn’t get dirty.
b. Glim: A cream colored tunic and brown tasseled cardigan over dark blue leggings, simple but sleek black ankle boots, and finished off with a simple sapphire teardrop pendant on a gold chain.
c. Remmi: they opt for something simple and comfortable, but fitting for the season. They wear a yellow wide-band tank top under an oversized baby pink cable knit sweater. The sweater is so big it slouches off one shoulder, reaches their knees, and the sleeves hide their hands if they aren’t scrunched up at the elbow. They pair that with slim, washed out jeans, and a pair of tan slouchy boots. As one final touch, they don cherry blossom studs in their ears.
d. Hani: he goes for something sporty and comfy. A loose and flowy off-white sleeveless crop top over a pair of baggy gray-blue shorts held round his hips by a broad and colorful sash and a pair of greek sandals that he discards almost immediately. To add a touch of class—after all this is a fun outing so why not—he wears golden arm bands just above each bicep. Those stay on longer, but they, too, eventually get unceremoniously dumped into the picnic basket in favor of total comfort.
4. Which OC brings a musical instrument to idly play?
a. Surprisingly enough, Hani. Remmi knows a little piano and harp, but those aren’t exactly available at a picnic. Milo has never learned an instrument (though he finds guitar interesting). And Glim tried playing, but sucked at just about everything; and anything he could play he couldn’t play in front of others. Hani, on the other hand, randomly knows how to play—and is good at—the oud (which is like an Arab lute). And yes, he does attempt to play Wonderwall on it.
5. How quickly does your OC realize there are ants trying to sneak into their food? What do they do about it?
a. Milo: He’s very perceptive, so it doesn’t take long for him to notice. He proceeds to squish them then mix them into his food for “extra protein” without hesitation. Despite knowing that Milo was raised eating bugs and still does fairly regularly, everyone still looks at him like he’s gone insane.
b. Glim: He picks up on it when someone else points it out. It’s only then that he realizes that he forgot to activate the insect repellent rune. He curses under his breath and apologizes before quickly moving the picnic supplies a few meters away and activating it then.
c. Remmi: They spend the whole picnic low-key looking out for this. Whenever bugs start walking toward or flying around their precious gourmet picnic, they nonchalantly close all the containers up tight then swat them all away without breaking the conversation.
d. Hani: he doesn’t notice until one of the ants bites his tongue as he’s eating. He spits that one out because it was mean, but all subsequent ones he eats. And unlike Milo, Hani doesn’t mix them into anything, he just pops them into his mouth.
6. Which OC hides under the shade at first before being convinced to come out into the sun? How do they react?
a. Glim hates the heat. If you can manage to convince him to leave the tranquility of shade, he will be a drama queen about it. Really laying it on thick and moaning about how “the sun is a white hot laser” against his “poor fragile flesh” and that if he continues on he will surely “burn up, dry out, and die!” and other such dramatic nonsense. He gets weirdly poetic when he’s frustrated or cranky. Needless to say, Milo has ceased pushing the issue.
7. Imagine your OCs spending their time picking nearby wildflowers and watching the butterflies and bees at work.
a. Milo foregoes this particular activity, choosing this time instead to just take in the scenery. He’s scared he might upset a hive or get stung or bitten by something so he’d rather just sit back and soak up the atmosphere.
b. Glim is carefully rooting around for four leaf clovers under a subdued parasol.
c. Remmi carefully plucks and cuts an armful of flowers and stems so they can make colorful flower crowns for everyone.
d. Hani chases the bugs and small animals, not unlike a dog would. But he’s having fun so it’s fine.
8. Which OC foregoes a picnic blanket and sits directly on the ground? Are they concerned by the grass stains on their clothes afterwards?
a. Hani doesn’t care where he plants his butt and cares almost as little about stains.
9. Which OC brings a chair because they can’t stand the thought of sitting on the ground?
a. Remmi, but a lot of it is because they don’t want to risk getting their clothes too dirty and also because the ground is never as soft and even as you think or hope. So sitting on the ground, even on a blanket, hurts their butt.
10. Imagine your OCs falling asleep after eating their food, content and happy.
a. Milo is one of the first to nod off and lays down in the shade. He kicks his shoes off and lets the sun warm his feet while the shade keeps his face cool. He wakes up to groggily help pack everything back up.
b. Glim doesn’t actually fall asleep. He just sort of zones out while playing with Milo’s hair and enjoying the breeze.
c. After loading up on carbs, Remmi dozes off in their chair and wake up with a tender sunburn spread across their nose and cheeks. They vow to never fall asleep in the sun like that again, but they make the same mistake next time.
d. Hanni has seemingly boundless energy throughout the day, which is a bit unusual for him as he often naps a lot when the sun is out, but is wired by the time the moon replaces it. As soon as they’ve packed everything up and are headed home, though, the excitement wears off and he crashes hard. He’s asleep the whole way back.
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Military Strength in Magvel
The military capabilities of Magvel’s countries are lightly touched upon in-story, with Grado being known for having the strongest army and Frelia’s military keeping Grado’s at bay “against all odds.” How does each country’s military hold up, given what we see of their armies? It’s time to find out.
Grado
As Grado is noted in-story to have the strongest military might, let’s start with them. To begin with, one of their greatest advantages is sheer numbers. Even in his own campaign, Ephraim avoids engaging Grado’s main force directly because their numbers are just too overwhelming, even with Frelia’s army backing him up.
On top of sheer numbers, they also have one of the most well-rounded armies of any country. They have swordfighters, lancer, axe users, magic users, healers, fliers, archers, cavaliers--you name it. As a result, they also have a wide breadth of tactics available to them. With long-range tome users and fliers, they can make quick assaults on enemy forces, ambushing and scattering them. Cavalry could continue the rout and pursue fleeing enemy forces, while invasion of fortified strongholds could be carried out by mages, archers, and soldiers.
To reinforce how dangerous their fliers are, let’s take a look at the world map.
Cormag is able to fly from Grado Keep (14) to Hamill Canyon (18) in the span of the beginning of the chapter to Turn 5. Valter is also able to get from Bethroen (11) to Teraz Plateau (16) in the time between the beginning of Chapter 10B to the end of 10A. That’s just about half the continent in a pretty short time frame, as Eirika and Ephraim’s chapters occur around the same time as each other’s.
Having speedy travelers like them is probably necessary for Grado to maintain order, considering the country covers nearly half the continent on its own, but this also makes invasion really easy for them. They can fly over any rough terrain, and unless you have some really good countermeasures, there’s not much stopping them from invading, either. (Their only downside is that wyverns seem to be difficult to train and thus, Grado’s wyvern division is likely relatively small and elite by nature. Unlike cavalry or infantry, they cannot be deployed en masse; if you notice, we don’t fight a lot of wyvern riders in the game. In a single playthrough, only three chapters of the game have wyvern rider enemies.)
Once they’ve broken through the front lines, with their superior numbers, the cavalry and foot soldiers can just swarm the area and crush the opposition with brute force. Probably anyone who’s struggled with Chapter 19 knows that when the Grado army swarms, they swarm. If you can’t hold up a strong choke point, you can’t hold them back for long.
(I personally maintain that much of the Grado forces we face in the story were purposely arranged by Lyon/the Demon King so that we can beat them. For example, Glen in Chapter 5 is given orders to put Saar in charge of capturing Eirika at Serafew. Riev bows out of Chapter 6, leaving Novala on his own. Riev extracts Caellach from Taizel before he can actually fight us, and replaces his presence with monsters. When Selena is in Za’albul Marsh, she’s there on a supposedly-quick errand and likely doesn’t have a full, proper army with her. Thus, the only times we really fight close to the Grado army’s full potential are in Chapters 15 and 19.)
Renais
Renais’ military strength lies in, without a doubt, its cavalry. I saw part of a documentary called Guns, Germs, and Steel, and their coverage on the Spanish Jinete style is just about what I’d imagine Renais’ army’s style to be like. (Not to mention that Spain also made some really good rapiers, and guess what Eirika’s signature early-game weapon is?)
Jinete riders favor maneuverability, precision, and speed; it goes to explaining how Franz reached Frelia while evading detection, and how Forde and Kyle could shake off Grado after Renvall (Valter letting them escape notwithstanding). Because it takes more discipline and time than other cavalry techniques, it’s probably a style that would be found in Renais, moreso than Grado where they’d likely prefer a style that is easy to learn because of the sheer number of troops and recruits they have.
While Renais is most prominent for its cavalry, they also have Fighters, as evidenced by Garcia, a retired Renais general. Those in the Fighter and Brigand classes are good in mountainous regions, which Renais is surrounded by. They have cavalry for the valleys, traveling to other countries for business, and protecting villages. Fighters, meanwhile, could scale mountains more easily to hunt down brigands and protect more remote areas. They likely had some archers, but not as much as they’d hoped; at one point, they tried and failed to recruit Zethla, Neimi’s grandfather and a legendary archer.
Unfortunately, their military, while quite formidable with their cavalry, proved no match for Grado’s concentrated forces, especially since the invasion was basically Magvel’s version of a blitzkrieg. None of Renais’ cavaliers have Resistance as a particularly strong suit, and fliers again have terrain advantage. Without any particular counters for Grado’s strong suits, there was little Renais could do to stop the invasion.
Frelia
When Innes tells Ephraim that Renais fell because “you provided Grado the opportunity to strike,” he isn’t completely full of hot air. Frelia, whether by coincidence or no, has something that no other country in Magvel does: counters for Grado’s army. I’ve had my theories on the reason why Frelia’s military is the way it is, but as it stands, they’re the only army in Magvel that actually stands up to Grado on their own (without the help of our party) and comes out superior.
On at least a superficial level, Frelia and Grado’s stand-off is not unlike Britain and Germany during WWII. Because of Frelia’s Pegasus Knights, Grado loses the automatic air superiority that they have over every other country. Because of pegasi’s natural magical resistance, they can also be used to counter the mages that Grado uses to demolish the knights and soldiers of other countries. On top of that, the fact that Innes and Hayden are both archers suggest that Frelia has a rather strong archery division in their army, which again serves as a counter for Grado’s fliers, mages, and archers. Their knights and cavaliers can probably fend off attacks from cavalry or soldiers, thus making for a solid line of defense as long as mages can be dealt with.
From Franz and Gilliam’s supports, we learn that Frelians use a training regiment that has them train each muscle, even in their fingers, to build resistance and strength. Inferring that each soldier goes through that regiment, then it’s possible that in a battle of attrition, then Frelia may win out there as well because of sheer force of endurance. If Amelia is any indication, then many of Grado’s newer recruits aren’t very well trained, and they’re still being deployed on the front lines. A human wave attack may not be very effective against Frelia, and if that’s what Grado indeed attempted, then it’s probably why Frelia was able to drive them back to Fort Rigwald.
Furthermore, Frelia is the only country to have a known spy network. Like with Britain’s radars allowing them to detect air strikes, and later their code-breaking, holding an intelligence advantage over Grado could turn battles to their favor. That Innes seemed to have no intel on Grado preparing to invade the Tower of Valni, nor was there any indication that their border was crossed, seems to indicate that Grado’s forces probably were teleported directly to the Tower. Without proper preparations and skilled command, Frelia’s forces can still be easily overwhelmed by Grado’s. On an even playing field, however, Frelia can fend off Grado as long as they keep the vanguard steady.
Carcino
As Frelia and Carcino are neighbors, I figured I may as well talk about them while I’m at it. It doesn’t seem like Carcino has much of a military force of its own, as Pablo’s forces all consist of mercenaries that he used his vast fortune to hire. As a merchant nation, it’s more likely that individual merchants hire mercenaries to protect them.
Notably, Carcino has Pegasus Knight mercenaries; it means that Frelia doesn’t have a monopoly on pegasi like Grado does wyverns. (Unless you promote Vanessa or Tana into Wyvern Knights. I guess we steal some from Grado’s army or something?)
We only see three, possibly four Carcinan characters (if you consider Caer Pelyn its own territory). Of them, the only recruitable unit is Rennac, a Rogue. Pablo, whom we fight, is a Sage, while Klimt’s class is never seen in-game but is listed as Bishop in data files. (Interestingly, both their classes are possible promotions of the Monk class.) Binks is a mercenary of unknown origin, but if we consider him Carcinan, then he is another physical attacker as he is a Warrior.
However, since Carcino has no military of its own and mercenaries are, well, mercenaries, it’s hard to tell how many of them are actually Carcinan and how many come from other countries like Jehanna. And, being a merchant country, whether they allied with Grado or fought against them, it would likely avoid direct confrontation in favor of using negotiations and sending support/provisions. Probably the only good reason they’d have for going into battle would be to protect their merchants/interests, for which they’d naturally prep to deal with their specific enemies to lower casualties on their side.
Jehanna
Contrary to my initial belief, Jehanna actually does have an army; in chapter 13, Eirika tells L’Arachel that “We're going to break through the Grado lines and join the army of Jehanna.” Carlyle is described as Jehanna’s “most decorated commander,” which further lends to that. (While Ismaire is stated to be commander-in-chief, it’s Carlyle who leads the army.)
As Jehanna is known for having many mercenary guilds, having apparently little other trade to deal, most of the units we meet are mercenaries (or former mercenaries). That doesn’t quite reflect what Jehanna’s army is like, but given Carlyle and Ismaire’s Swordmaster class, it’s probably not too far off the mark. This means that a lot of Jehanna’s army are likely sword-wielding infantry, like Myrmidons or Mercenaries, and their respective promotions.
For how much of Jehanna is desert, you’d think you’d get more mages from this country, seeing how mages have no movement penalty in the desert. The only mage from Jehanna we see is Ewan, and he’s training under Saleh from Caer Pelyn (which is considered either its own territory or in Carcino’s territory). Also bizarre is that Aias, a Great Knight, hails from Jehanna when the desert sand would be brutal for him. Given that he’s a mercenary, it’s pretty likely that he spent most of his time in other countries and thus could move faster on horseback to his next job. (It’s probably also why he encounters us in Hamill Canyon, where it’s flat/mountainous regions.)
With the scarcity of ranged swords and few mages, Jehanna’s army would likely be at a massive disadvantage against Grado’s army. Or, perhaps it’s better to say that a good portion of Grado’s elite forces can completely bypass Jehanna’s natural defenses. Their fliers and mages would ignore the desert entirely, allowing them to quickly flank and pick off those encumbered by the desert sand. Wyvern Riders have access to lances, which have an advantage over swords, and mages can only be countered by Heroes with hand axes or Rangers with bows. Rangers in Jehanna’s army would be unlikely, because cavalry-mounts are ineffective in the desert.
Rausten
As I’ve ranted about previously, what we see of Rausten’s military makes no sense for the country’s background and terrain. We see a number of horse-mounted units: L’Arachel for one, plus the reinforcements from the Rausten army at the end of 13A. But given that Rausten has both mountains and dense forests, horses would actually be more of a hindrance for soldiers than help. Horses would have improper footing on mountains, and their maneuverability would tank in forests.
(Given L’Arachel’s low joining level, it may be safe to assume that she got her horse after arriving in Port Kiris, where she most likely started her journey from given that she hired Rennac and was familiar with the town when we meet her there. In that case, it makes more sense for her to be riding a horse, much moreso than the Paladin and Cavaliers.)
From what L’Arachel indicates in her supports with Eirika, Rausten is under greater threat from the monsters in Darkling Woods than any other country’s attack (at least prior to the war). So if anything, their military should be geared towards fighting monsters. Yet the only Bishop we see is Riev, who defected (I suppose they were all away/asleep in Chapter 19), and in Chapter 19, the only soldiers on watch are Knights and a General. They wouldn’t be terribly effective against Mogalls, who are known to spawn in Darkling Woods. Maybe they’d last longer against the physical-attacking monsters, but certainly not with those stats.
So, as I repeat from my rant, Rausten’s military makes no sense. Almost definitely wouldn’t hold up against Grado’s forces even if they were on an even playing field.
Caer Pelyn
Even though Caer Pelyn is a tiny territory within the mountains of Carcino, it’s suggested that they at least used to have a prominent military force (there’s the abandoned fortress seen in Chapter 11A and the legend of Nada Kuya).
While Nada Kuya was said to use a sword created by a fang of the dragonkin (I guarantee that an FE8 remake would make it another Falchion and Eirika gets it when she visits Caer Pelyn), Caer Pelyn now does not seem to have any sword users. Dara (Saleh’s grandmother) is a Druid while Saleh is a Sage (likely a call back to Niime and Hugh; Saleh even has no known living parents!), and the village has a Shop but no Armory. It falls in line with the practice of Valega, which seems to be practiced exclusively by Caer Pelyn’s residents (and people who learn from them, such as Ewan and Eirika if they support with Saleh).
Given that Caer Pelyn was able to drive back an invading force in the past, it’s likely that the invaders were either from the west (from Frelia/Carcino) or the south (Jehanna/Grado). We don’t know how far in the past this event was, so it’s difficult to say which country did it, or if it was from even before the first war against the Demon King. Either way, they likely had to deal with fliers, so it’s not unlikely that Nada Kuya’s sword dealt effective damage against fliers, or they’re hiding a tome that’s effective against them. Should they still be able to use such a weapon, if Grado decided to attack them for some reason, they would be able to mount a decent defense against at least the initial wave. Due to their altitude, a land invasion would be difficult for the Grado forces that are unaccustomed to it. Again, their best bet would be their wyverns, but if Caer Pelyn’s residents can counter them, then attacking them would yield no profit for Grado.
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General Motors to invest $1.5 billion in Missouri plant to keep most of 4,300 workforce
WENTZVILLE, Mo. — General Motors will invest $1.5 billion to make what it calls the “next generation” of mid-sized pickup trucks at its plant near St. Louis, the company’s president said Friday.
GM will use the money to upgrade its Wentzville Assembly and Stamping Plant in preparation for the new products, GM President Mark Reuss said at a news conference inside the plant, about 40 miles (65 kilometers) west of St. Louis. The company already produces the Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon pickups there.
Reuss said the investment is expected to help retain 4,000 jobs at the plant. The company has about 4,300 total workers in Wentzville and any job losses will come through attrition, said Glen Kage, president of United Auto Workers Local 2250, which represents the workers.
A GM spokeswoman confirmed that no jobs will be cut.
GM will invest about $1 billion to upgrade the plant itself. The rest of its investment is expected to be used for things such as machinery for outside companies that supply parts to the plant.
“It’s a big deal,” Reuss said. “I feel good about this. I really do.”
The company did not release specific information about the new generation of mid-sized pickups, a product line in which GM has dominated in recent years.
“Suffice to say they will be very worthy replacements for the generation of trucks that rejuvenated and redefined the mid-sized segment,” Reuss said.
The investment in Wentzville is part of GM’s comprehensive strategy to invest in growth areas and strengthen its U.S. manufacturing base, Reuss said. The expansion comes as GM plans to permanently close factories in Ohio and Maryland.
The announcement comes less than two months after GM workers nationwide ended a contentious 40-day strike with an agreement that included a commitment by GM to invest $1.5 billion in Wentzville. The plant also makes Chevrolet Express Cargo and GMC Savana full-size vans.
Missouri leaders have pushed hard to entice GM to expand. In July, Republican Gov. Mike Parson signed a bill providing up to $50 million of tax credits if GM invests $750 million to expand the Wentzville plant.
Some lawmakers, both Democrats and Republicans, were critical of the incentive package, saying it failed to guarantee that all GM workers in Wentzville will keep their jobs. Some wanted to require GM to meet staffing thresholds to get the incentives.
But Reuss’ announcement would keep most of the current employees. GM said it has about 4,000 hourly workers and 330 salaried workers in Wentzville, making it one of the region’s largest employers. And including suppliers, the Wentzville plant is responsible for more than 12,000 jobs, Parson said.
“The General Motors plant in Wentzville has a major impact on our economy,” Parson said.
Republican Sen. Roy Blunt said the investment is the biggest-ever private sector investment in Missouri. Kage, the UAW Local president, said the impact goes far beyond the plant itself.
“We know this investment will bring other parts suppliers and other manufacturing to the Wentzville area,” Kage said.
GM said it has sold more than 700,000 mid-size pickups in the U.S. since reintroducing the Colorado and Canyon in 2013. GM said that during that span, it has sold 600,000 more pickups overall than any other competitor in the U.S.
The company said it has invested in mid-sized pickups in recent years by bringing more product features to the market, including special edition models like the Colorado ZR2 and Bison, and the Canyon AT4, which will be available in 2020.
The Wentzville plant opened in 1983 and operates three shifts.
from FOX 4 Kansas City WDAF-TV | News, Weather, Sports https://fox4kc.com/2019/12/13/general-motors-to-invest-1-5-billion-in-missouri-plant-to-keep-most-of-4300-workforce/
from Kansas City Happenings https://kansascityhappenings.wordpress.com/2019/12/13/general-motors-to-invest-1-5-billion-in-missouri-plant-to-keep-most-of-4300-workforce/
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3 PACK PORCELAIN CAST IRON COOKING GRID COMPATIBLE WITH GLEN CANYON, BRINKMANN, CHARMGLOW, JENN-AIR, KENMORE, KIRKLAND, KMART, NEXGRILL, PERFECT FLAME, TUSCANY AND VIRCO GAS GRILL MODELS
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Adventures of the Camel Lady
For an expedition such as mine, it was essential that I did most of the training. Through part-time jobs, loans from friends, and finally with support from the National Geographic Society, I acquired the necessary equipment and four good camels: a mature, gelded male whom I named Dookie; a younger gelding, Bub; a female, Zeleika; and her calf, Goliath. Training and preparations took more than a year, but finally in early April 1977 I was ready to leave.On April 8 Sallay and my father – who had come from Brisbane to see me off – trucked me, the camels, and Diggity to Glen Helen Tourist Camp, 80 miles west of Alice Springs. From there I journeyed to nearby Redbank Gorge, pausing long enough to say goodbye to my friends and helpers from Alice, who had all gathered there. Then I was off for the west coast, alone except for the intermittent company of the photographer Rick Smolan.Some string somewhere inside me is starting to unravel. It is an important string, the one that holds down panic. In the solitude of the desert night I feel the patter of rain on my sleeping bag – too light to lay the dust, too heavy for normal sleep. Sometime before midnight I come fully awake, and I do not know where, or who, I am.
Inside me I hear three different voices. The first says, ‘So this is it, you’ve finally lost it.’ The second voice urges, ‘Hold on, don’t let go. Be calm, lie down and fall asleep.’ The third voice is screaming. At dawn my dog, Diggity, licks me awake. The sky is cold and pitiless.
My four camels stand hobbled nearby – welcome, familiar shapes. Instinctively I start the morning routine – boil the tea, pack the gear, saddle the camels – and head south once more.
It is my 71st day of travel across Australia’s western desert. Slowly, as we get under way, the strings inside me knit together and I know who I am again. During the following four months on the trail the voices never returned, and in time I came to enjoy the silence and solitude of the desert.
Australia’s arid western region, from the town of Alice Springs to the Indian Ocean coast, is a beautiful, haunting, but largely empty land. Dominated by the harsh, almost uninhabited Great Sandy and Gibson deserts, the region is known only to Australian Aborigines, a handful of white settlers, and the few travellers who motor across it.
Why cross it by camel? I have no ready answer. On the other hand, why not? Australia is a vast country, and most of us who live there see only a small fraction of it. Beyond the roads, in the area known as the outback, camels are the perfect form of transport. One sees little by car, and horses would never survive the hardships of desert crossings.
At the age of 25, I gave up my study of Japanese language and culture at university in Brisbane and moved to the town of Alice Springs. I planned an expedition alone from Alice Springs to the Indian Ocean, a distance of some 1,700 miles.
For nearly a century, from the 1860s until recent times, camels were commonly used in the outback. The animals, imported from Afghanistan and India, proved highly successful until cars and trucks began to replace them in the 1920s. Many camels were then simply turned loose to roam the outback, where I was to find they can present problems for travellers.
Camels are still trained in Alice Springs for tourist jaunts and for occasional sale to Australia’s zoos. Sallay Mahomet, an Australian-born Afghan and a veteran handler, agreed to teach me something about the art of camel training.
I worked with Sallay nearly three months, for camels are not the easiest of beasts to train. To begin with, they can kill or injure you with a well-placed kick, and their bite is as painful as a horse’s.
Patiently Sallay taught me to understand camel behaviour – how to feed, saddle, doctor and control the animals, the last by kindness, discipline and use of a noseline attached to a wooden peg inserted through the animal’s nostril. Camels are similar to dogs; a well-trained one answers best to its accustomed handler.
For an expedition such as mine, it was essential that I did most of the training. Through part-time jobs, loans from friends, and finally with support from the National Geographic Society, I acquired the necessary equipment and four good camels: a mature, gelded male whom I named Dookie; a younger gelding, Bub; a female, Zeleika; and her calf, Goliath. Training and preparations took more than a year, but finally in early April 1977 I was ready to leave.
On April 8 Sallay and my father – who had come from Brisbane to see me off – trucked me, the camels, and Diggity to Glen Helen Tourist Camp, 80 miles west of Alice Springs. From there I journeyed to nearby Redbank Gorge, pausing long enough to say goodbye to my friends and helpers from Alice, who had all gathered there. Then I was off for the west coast, alone except for the intermittent company of the photographer Rick Smolan.
DAY ONE That first full day on the trail was both exhilarating and terrifying. My initial stop was to be the Aborigine settlement of Areyonga, via an old abandoned track that wandered through dry, stony creek beds and gullies and often simply disappeared. A dozen times during the day I was struck by the chilling thought, ‘Am I lost?’ It was to become an all too familiar question in the months ahead.
At sundown I camped beside the track and estimated my progress: 20 miles. Not bad for the first day – only some 1,680 left to go. After hobbling the camels to graze, I built a brushwood fire and cooked a dinner of tinned stew. The blaze was welcome, for night-time temperatures in the desert can drop to below freezing during Australia’s autumn and winter seasons.
Finally I slid into my sleeping bag under an extra blanket or two and spent most of the night alternately dozing and wondering if I would ever see my camels again. But the occasional sound of their bells was reassuring, and at last I drifted off.
The next morning settled one worry; the camels seemed more scared than I was. I awoke to find them huddled as close as possible around the swag and Diggity snoring happily beneath the blankets.
DAY FOUR In the afternoon we reached Areyonga, all slightly the worse for wear. My feet were blistered and my muscles were cramped. Diggity, too, was footsore and had to ride for a spell on Dookie’s back. Zeleika was a complete mess. Her hindquarters were weak, her nose was infected, and she had a huge lump in a vein leading to her udder.
Bub was still uncertain about the whole thing. During those first days he had shied in terror not only at rabbits but even at rocks and leaves. Dookie was the only one without grumbles, he was having a great time. I suspect he had always wanted to travel.
After four days of total solitude Areyonga came as a shock, though a pleasant one. A mile outside the settlement we were greeted by a welcoming throng of Aborigine children, shouting, giggling and begging for rides. Seemingly hundreds of small hands reached out to pat Diggity when she was allowed down from exile atop Dookie’s back, and there was endless tickling of camel legs.
For three days I rested at Areyonga, worrying about Zeleika, Bub and Goliath. I wondered what the next 30-mile stretch to the homestead at Tempe Downs would do to us all.
DAY EIGHT A few Aborigines accompanied us out of Areyonga for the first 10 miles towards Tempe Downs. Bidding me goodbye, my companions warned that the route over the mountains was an old one, unused for many years. My friends didn’t exaggerate.
After 15 miles the mountain track occasionally began to peter out, and I spent hours sweating over maps and compass. I took a couple of wrong turns into a dead-end canyon and had to backtrack out. To complicate matters, Bub chose the mountains to throw an unforgettable fit.
Shortly after a midday pause he decided to buck the entire 500lb of assorted swag, tucker and water drums off his back. As each article crashed to the ground, the more terrified Bub became and the harder he bucked. Finally he stood petrified, the dislodged saddle hanging under his belly and the items from the pack scattered for miles.
Despite the setbacks, we made it to Tempe Downs in three days and marked our 100th mile from the starting point at Glen Helen. After a radio call to my friends at Areyonga, I filled my drinking-water bag with rainwater and set off for Ayers Rock, 150 miles to the south-west.
We were entering sandhill country, an expanse of great motionless waves of reddish sand stretching mile after square mile ahead of us. Flies by the zillions engulfed us in dense clouds, covering every exposed square centimetre of human, dog or camel flesh. Although they didn’t bite, they crawled under eyelids, into ears and nostrils, and when they finally gave up at night, clouds of mosquitoes took over.
The country itself was exquisite. Huge stands of desert oak lined the valleys among the hills and there were varieties of flowers, plants bearing strange seedpods, or adorned with what looked like feathers. Two bizarre residents of the sandhills intrigued me. One is a type of ant known as the inch ant, a monstrous thing nearly an inch long, with a very aggressive nature, eyes that stare into your own, and fangs that look like spanners.
The other creature, whose name I do not know, is the most endearing little beetle I have ever met. He’s an unprepossessing chap to look at, and when he sees something coming towards him (I imagine that four camels, one human and a dog would be somewhat frightening), he buries his head in the sand, sticks his bottom in the air, and waits till you have either crushed him or missed. I always tried to miss, but Diggity and the camels…
DAY 21 After 250 miles of travel from Glen Helen we reached Ayers Rock. Among the mass of tourists who fly or drive in to see the great natural wonder, I found Jenny Green, my friend from Alice Springs, who had come to meet me. We talked – or rather I talked – for four straight days.
Having travelled for most of three weeks without company, I babbled on to Jenny like a madwoman, and, as is often the case, one makes oneself better by making others sick. Dear Jen. She flew home feeling depressed, and I rode out of Ayers Rock feeling on top of the world.
The next 140 miles to the settlement of Docker River at the eastern edge of the Gibson desert went smoothly until the weather dealt us an almost fatal blow. So far I had not encountered rain and had wondered how the camels would take to the bright orange plastic raincoats I had designed and made to cover their packs.
Just past the area known as Lasseter’s Country, heavy clouds began to bustle over the horizon. Down it came. Within an hour the track was a running river and we were all drenched, though the camels soon grew accustomed to the flapping of their raincoats.
Camels have feet like bald tyres. They simply cannot cope with mud, and leading them over precariously slippery patches is painful and exhausting to both driver and animal. In the midst of the storm Dookie, who was last in line, suddenly sat down with a thud and snapped his noseline.
I went back to him and tried to get him up. He refused. I shouted at him and had to kick the poor beast until he groaned to his feet. To my horror I saw that he was limping. It looked as if the trip was over.
We made it to Docker River in painful stages. Each night in camp along the way I cut shrubbery for Dookie and brought it to him. I massaged his shoulder. I cuddled him, kissed him, shed tears and begged him to get better. To no avail. The thought of perhaps having to shoot my best camel gnawed away at me.
Slowly, painfully, miserably, we limped into Docker River. Docker River is an Aborigine settlement, and the people were wonderfully hospitable. My few phrases of Pitjantjatjara were put to good use when I joined them in hunting, dancing, and gathering insects and wild plants for food. In the end it took Dookie a month to recover from what probably was a torn muscle in his shoulder.
DAY 69 At last Dookie had improved enough to travel, and that morning we set off westwards into the Gibson desert. Before we had covered many miles some wild camels suddenly appeared. I had been warned about these creatures by Sallay.
‘Make no mistake,’ Sallay had said, ‘wild bull camels can kill you when they’re in rut. They will try to take a female, and if you are in the way, you’ll be attacked. The only thing that will stop them is a rifle bullet. If the time should come, don’t hesitate.’ And now the time had come.
Two hundred yards ahead stood three large wild bulls, obviously in season and aware of Zeleika. Faced with sudden danger, I found myself outside the situation, observing and talking to myself. Remember what Sallay said; take it a step at a time. One, tie up Bub, who will surely bolt, and sit him down. Two, carefully take the rifle from its scabbard. Three, load and cock. Four, aim, steady and fire.
By now the bulls were only 30 yards away. One spurted a small cylinder of blood where his heart should be. All three came forward again. Zzzt. This time just at the back of the wounded one’s head. Zzzt. This time in the heart. I was sure of it. Zzzt. At last, in the head, and it was over. The other two bulls trundled off. Darkness came too quickly.
I hobbled the camels and tried to keep them close. All night I heard the rumble of the two bulls circling the camp. At dawn one of them, a young and beautiful bull, stood 50 yards away in the scrub. I resolved not to shoot him unless he directly threatened me or my camels.
I rounded up Dookie, Zeleika and Goliath, and turned for Bub, good old unreliable Bub. In a flash he was off with the new young bull, galloping despite his hobbles. For an hour I tried to catch him and couldn’t; the wild bull stayed too close to him. It was Bub or the bull. End of resolve. This time, even through tears, my aim was straight.
DAY 71 It was on this night that I heard the voices and thought I was going mad – perhaps from a combination of worry over my water supply, the terrible monotony of sandhill country, and the effect of having had to shoot the wild bull camels. But the feeling of madness passed with sunrise and we journeyed on.
My worry over water was real, for we were down to 10 gallons – less than one fifth of capacity. Somewhere ahead, according to my map, lay an artesian well with an abandoned windmill and storage tank. Supposing I missed the well, or the water tank was dry?
The strain began to tell, and I sobbed as I walked, ‘God, please, the windmill must be over the next hill.’ Diggity licked my hand, whining, but I couldn’t stop. I raved at the hills. Then we crested the last one, and the land flattened out. A patch of green shone in the distance. Panic melted and I began to laugh, patting Diggity.
No need to find the well and tank that night; they were there by the patch of green. The camels drank. Diggity drank. And I drank. Then I had a freezing, early-morning bath. It was good to be alive.
DAY 75 This was a memorable day, for it brought the gift of Mr Eddie. He is a Pitjantjatjara man, and he arrived at my camp that evening with several carloads of Aborigines from the settlements of Wingelinna and Pipalyatjara. I served them all billies of tea, and we chatted.
My guests spent the night, and next morning they decided that one of them should accompany me to Pipalyatjara, two days’ walk ahead. I kept a polite silence and simply started off – to be joined by Mr Eddie. I turned then, and we looked at each other. There was such humour, depth, life and knowledge in those eyes that somehow we started laughing.
All that day and the next we communicated in pantomime and in broken Pitjantjatjara or English, falling into helpless laughter at each other’s antics. And so we came to Pipalyatjara – it is one of those rarities in the outback, an Aborigine settlement where the whites do a really splendid job of helping the Aborigines cope with prejudice, neglect and government bureaucracy.
Glendle Schrader, a friend from Alice Springs, is Pipalyatjara’s community adviser, and we spent three days exchanging news. As I began packing for Warburton, 180 miles due west in the Gibson desert, Mr Eddie announced that he was coming too.
DAY 80 That morning we set off together, and after a mile or two Mr Eddie insisted on a detour. He wanted to gather pauri, a native narcotic tobacco plant that Aborigines chew, and we turned into a valley beside the trail. We searched in silence for several hours and, in my ‘white-fella-preoccupation with time’, I began to wonder if we would ever reach Warburton.
But Mr Eddie seemed to flow with time rather than measure it, and eventually I relaxed and began to enjoy my surroundings. It was not the least of the lessons he was to teach me.
The following day was either a disaster or a delight, depending on one’s viewpoint. By afternoon we had trekked 15 miles and were tired, hot, dusty and fly-ridden. A column of red dust gradually rose on the horizon. Cars on the trail, though rare, frequently meant tourists, and I was in no mood to be gawked at today. These were worse than usual.
The car drew up beside us, and several men in silly hats spilt out, festooned with cameras. ‘Hey, Bruce,’ one yelled, ‘come look at this gal.’ ‘Will you look at those crazy sandals? And she’s got a boong with her!’ Now ‘boong’ is the white’s racist term for an Aborigine, and temper sizzling, I pushed past the men, and attention shifted to Mr Eddie.
‘You stand by camel, there’s a good boy.’ Behind me I caught the multiple clicks of shutters: then all of a sudden Mr Eddie seemed to go berserk. Brandishing his walking stick he drove the tourists back towards their car, alternately raving in Pitjantjatjara and demanding payment for the photographs in broken English.
The startled men beat a hasty retreat, emptying their pockets of bills as they went. Mr Eddie tucked the money away then he walked serenely over to me, and we cracked up. With tears streaming down my face I thought of the Aborigines, how they had been poisoned, slaughtered, herded into settlements, prodded, photographed, and left to rot with their shattered pride and their cheap liquor.
And here was this superb old gentleman, who had lived through it all, who could turn himself into an outrageous parody of the Aborigine, then do an about-face and laugh with the abandon of a child. Reflecting on my own lesser problems and hardships, I thought: if you can do it, old man, me too.
DAY 94 We parted in Warburton, Mr Eddie and I. I called on a friend by Australian Flying Doctor Service radio to take him home. I still think of our three weeks together on the trail as the heart of my entire journey. I had already arranged at Pipalyatjara to have a gun similar to mine waiting for Mr Eddie at Warburton. He had fallen in love with my rifle, and it seemed the perfect gift.
The most dangerous part of the journey now lay ahead of me, the Gunbarrel Highway. We would travel 350 miles of the Gunbarrel’s total 900-mile length, taking us across the forbidding Gibson desert.
The camels could not carry enough water to make it all the way, so my friend Glendle Schrader from Pipalyatjara would drive a truck with additional water from Warburton to the western part of the Gunbarrel.
From Pipalyatjara the round trip comes to 800 hazardous miles, whether on foot or by motor. Such is the quality of friends.
On July 15 I set out with Diggity and the camels. The country was harsh, though lovely in its way. Sand hills stretched over some of the route, interspersed here and there with great stands of impenetrable mulga bush. Golden tufts of spinifex grass turned portions of the trail into a giant pincushion that continually jabbed at our feet.
The camels strained under loads consisting largely of water, and noselines frequently snapped. Progress was achingly slow. Yet there were some moments along the Gunbarrel that I will never forget. One morning before sunrise – grey silk sky, Venus aloft – I saw a single crow, carving up wind currents above the hills.
One evening I opened a tin of cherries, the ultimate luxury, ate half, and put the other half beside the swag for breakfast. Woke up the next morning. Bub’s great ugly head, asleep on my legs, suspicious crimson stains on his lips.
DAY 112 Two weeks and 220 miles into the Gunbarrel I had a wham-bammer of a day. Rain, I thought as the first light slithered under my eyelids and into the folds of the blankets. But the clouds vanished, and then I realised something was missing: the sound of familiar camel bells.
Zeleika and Bub were gone, and Dookie, it developed, was only around because he had a great hole in his foot and couldn’t walk. Where were Zeleika and Bub? How far had they gone? What about Dookie? Then I recalled what a very wise friend in Alice once said to me: ‘When things go wrong on the track, rather than panic, boil the billy, sit down and think clearly.’
So I boiled the billy, sat down with Diggity, and went over the salient points: You are a hundred miles from anything; you have lost two camels; one of the other camels has a hole in his foot so big you could sleep in it; you have only enough water to last for six days; your hip is sore from walking; this is a god-awful place to spend the rest of your life.
So having tidied all that up, I panicked.
Fortunately, it didn’t last, and after four hours I finally managed to get Zeleika and Bub back, doctored Dookie’s foot as best I could, and set off once more. The water situation was saved shortly afterwards by the arrival of Glendle and his truck.
When he caught up with us, he was so exhausted from the trip he could barely speak. We unloaded two of three 40-gallon water drums from the truck, then filled my own drums from them with gallons to spare. ‘You’ll be wanting the other drum down the trail a bit,’ Glendle said.
Wearily we drove some 50 miles to the west, dropped off the drum, and returned to camp. Minutes later Glendle was dead asleep in his blanket. Next morning he headed back towards Pipalyatjara. When he had become only a dust cloud on the horizon behind us, the silence and solitude closed in again.
I was not in the best shape. My left hip, sore from endless slogging over sand hills, was barely usable. My skin was dry as dog biscuits, my lips were cracked, I’d run out of toilet paper, and a sun blister was trying to take over my nose. Had it all been worth it? I still thought so.
DAY 118 At the cattle station called Carnegie, at the end of the Gunbarrel, I received another blow. The station was little used because of severe drought, and I could not resupply with food as I had planned. There was nothing to do but trek north-west 75 miles to the station at Glenayle and hope for the best.
Food ran so low that I once shared Diggity’s dog biscuits – not exactly a banquet, but if they could keep her going, they could do the same for me. By luck I met two men travelling by car to Carnegie, and they gave me some tucker. One of them kindly made a leather boot for Dookie’s sore foot. It didn’t last long, so I made another that lasted even less time.
All I could think of was Glenayle and escape from the drought. We straggled in at last, a miserable sight. I hadn’t washed for a month, my face and clothes were covered with red dust, I was exhausted, and I looked like a scarecrow.
As I entered the Glenayle homestead, the first thing I saw was a lovely, middle-aged lady watering her flower garden. As I approached her, she smiled and without a lift of the eyebrows said, ‘How nice to see you, dear. Won’t you come in for a cup of tea?’
And so I met the Ward family – Eileen, her husband, Henry, and their sons, Rex and Lou. What warm, generous and utterly charming people, and how little I can ever repay their kindness.
That week gave me a memorable look at Western Australia’s disastrous years-long drought. Though situated on the edge of the desert, the Wards’ cattle station survives on occasional rain and on groundwater from wells. But as we toured the property, I saw what devastation the drought had worked.
The horses were skin and bones and the cattle were even worse. Yet never once did I hear a complaint or a harsh word from the Wards. Their entire future was at stake, with no relief in sight. Still, they hung on with courage and hope.
While the horses and cows suffered, my camels – who could browse on trees as well as on ground cover – fared better, and after a week were slightly improved.
One morning as I stood talking with Henry and patting Bub, big, jealous Dookie came up behind me. By way of attracting my attention, he opened his great jaws, took my entire head between them, and squeezed gently. Then he opened his mouth and galloped off, immensely pleased with himself. I don’t allow bad manners among my camels, but this once I could only laugh at Dookie’s form of wit.
Soon afterwards we began packing up to leave Glenayle. The camels seemed pleased to get into their travelling kit again, so I didn’t tell them what lay ahead of us: the Canning Stock Route. The Canning is an Australian legend.
It runs nearly 1,000 miles, linking the small towns of Halls Creek and Wiluna and, far north of our route, crossing the Great Sandy Desert, one of Australia’s worst. The route got its name from the days when cattle were driven along it from well to remote well, though I don’t see how they survived.
Fortunately, I had to cover only 170 miles, from a point near Glenayle to Cunyu. The Gibson desert would be far behind us, and the remaining 450 miles to the Indian Ocean would be much easier.
DAY 129 We left Glenayle after a week and headed for the Canning at Well Number 9. This was dingo country, and I was terrified that Diggity would pick up one of the poisoned baits set out to exterminate the wild dogs. I put a muzzle on her, but she whined and scratched at it and was so disconsolate that I finally took it off.
The area was rougher than anything we had crossed before, and at Well Number 6 I called a halt. The setting was lovely, an infinitely extended bowl of pastel blue haze carpeting the desert, and in the far distance five violet, magical mountains soared above the desert. I longed to journey to those mountains. I had found the heart of the world.
Well Number 6 hardly deserved the name. The surface of the water lay nine feet below ground level and could only be reached with a bucket, a rope and enough effort to cause a hernia. The water tasted foul, but none of us cared, and I camouflaged mine with huge doses of coffee.
The night was incredibly lovely. I made camp and built a mattress of fallen leaves. The camels had more forage than they could possibly eat. In the evening they rolled and played in the white dust, raising puffs of cloud that the fat red sun turned to bronze. For three days it was perfection, and I wanted never to leave.
On the third night Diggity took a dingo bait. I had to shoot her. Before dawn I left that place I had thought so beautiful.
DAY 137 My only thought now was to push on to the end of my route. The country passed unnoticed beneath my feet, and I recall little of that time. I think I reached Cunyu on August 27.
There at last the press caught up with me, and I first learnt of interest in ‘the camel lady’. To avoid pestering questions, I left the camels at Cunyu and sneaked away to Wiluna, 40 miles to the south. The people of Wiluna asked no questions: they simply took me in and cared for me.
Within a week I was setting out for the Indian Ocean coast. Behind me lay nearly 1,300 miles – five months of travel. Ahead lay only 450 more miles. We made them slowly, for beyond Cunyu Zeleika fell seriously ill. She had nursed Goliath, her calf, throughout the entire six months, and now she suddenly began bleeding internally. I dosed her with everything in my medicine kit, but I was afraid she wouldn’t make it. I was wrong.
DAY 180 A month after leaving Cunyu we arrived at Dalgety Downs cattle station, only 156 miles from the sea. David and Margot Steadman, homesteaders at Dalgety, took us in and proceeded to spoil all five of us. The camels were fed barley, oats, and lollies, an undreamt-of diet. They were praised, patted, stroked and talked to.
With such care even Zeleika began to improve. For a time I considered leaving Zeleika behind with Dave and Margot and pushing on to the sea with the other three camels. But she continued to improve, and I decided that a dip in the Indian Ocean might do the old girl a power of good.
On that final stretch of 156 miles we rode in style for about 30 of them. At Woodleigh, 36 miles from the coast, two kindly homesteaders, David and Jan Thomson, offered to transport the camels and me on their flat-bed truck to a point only a couple of hours’ walk from the beach.
I accepted, but the camels had reservations. After the long journey, however, their trust in me was complete, and they finally climbed aboard. We trussed them up like plucked chickens and off we headed.
DAY 195 Six miles short of our goal we unloaded and set out on the final leg. Oh, how my spirits soared. Two hours later I saw it, glinting on the far side of the dunes – the Indian Ocean, end of trail. An anticlimax? Never. We rode down to the beach towards the sunset and stood thunderstruck at the beauty of the sea.
The camels simply couldn’t comprehend so much water. They would stare at it, walk a few paces, then turn and stare again. Dookie pretended he wasn’t scared, but his eyes were popping out and his ears were so erect they pulled his eyelashes back.
I was riding Bub, and when the surf sent globs of foam tumbling over his feet, he danced and bucked and shied and nearly sent me flying. Zeleika would have nothing to do with that freakish ocean, but the others were entranced. They refused to believe it wasn’t drinkable. Each time they took a mouthful, their expressions broke me up.
We stayed one glorious week, then it was time to go. I had decided to leave all four camels in the care of David and Jan Thomson, who would give them a perfect home at Woodleigh after I returned to my own home on Australia’s east coast, where I could not keep them.
On October 27 David and Jan showed up in the truck, and we turned from the beach for the last time.
Many times since the trek I have been asked why I made it, and I answer that the trip speaks for itself. But for those who persist I would add these few thoughts. I love the desert and its incomparable sense of space. I enjoy being with Aborigines and learning from them.
I like the freedom inherent in being on my own, and I like the growth and learning processes that develop from taking chances. And obviously, camels are the best means of getting across deserts. Obvious. Self-explanatory. Simple. What’s all the fuss about?
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Trending Topics: Why Jaromir Jagr shakes up the Pacific
Jaromir Jagr puts on a jersey as he is introduced as the newest member of the Calgary Flames. (Larry MacDougal/CP)
The idea of using forwards in “pairs” rather than three-man units is nothing new.
How many guys have the Sedins lugged to 25-plus goal seasons beyond anyone’s expectations? How many different wingers are Brad Marchand and Patrice Bergeron going to cycle through? The theory that two guys with chemistry is all you need to drive success, as long as that chemistry is solid and the other guy doesn’t completely stink, is well-proven.
This has not been the case for the Calgary Flames’ two best forwards in recent years. Sean Monahan and Johnny Gaudreau, probably the most outwardly skilled forwards on the roster by a decent margin, have long put up goals and assists, but they’ve been relatively unsuccessful in driving possession and, ultimately, getting more meaningful results. Some stats guys call this “empty-calorie” scoring, which is to say that you’re getting the goals but not the good process to undergird it.
Part of that, I think, is the fact that these guys have cycled through a lot of linemates in the past three seasons. Jiri Hudler, Micheal Ferland, Alex Chiasson, David Jones, Troy Brouwer, Michael Frolik, Joe Colborne, Josh Jooris. Doesn’t that seem like a lot? And don’t a good chunk of those guys seem like they probably have no business being on a line with two players this dynamic? Indeed, and this isn’t really a surprise, the only guy with whom these two got good results both in the underlying numbers and on the scoresheet was Hudler.
The other issue, of course, is that having a two-man unit as a reliable planet around which these lesser satellites orbit is something you only do when you don’t really have a reliable three-man group to lean on. What if the Sedins got a guy who made them better, rather than trying to square-peg a round hole? What if the Bruins had more certainty that the other guys in their lineup could score this year, so they could leave David Pastrnak as the third man with the big group?
The reason all this comes up in the wake of the Flames’ not-so-pretty season opener is that Gaudreau and Monahan once again played with Ferland, and while they did fine together, it came on a night when the rest of the team got smoked (thanks in no small part to Glen Gulutzan leaving his second pair to get caved in by McDavid and Draisaitl). It’s one game, and in fact it’s Game 1, but notable by his absence in that contest was a Methuselahan Czech who’s likely to become Gulutzan’s future preferred choice in Gaudreau/Monahan linemate.
The NHL writ large kinda-sorta submarined Jaromir Jagr to an embarrassing extent. The Flames got him for $1 million base salary and another $1 million in bonuses based on whether he plays a certain number of games and the team makes the playoffs. The value the team is about to wring out of that minuscule cap number could be significant, to the extent that it potentially upsets the apple cart and pushes the Flames much closer to the top of the division than their provincial rivals might like.
To understand why, one need only look at what Jagr did for his previous linemates in Florida: Jonathan Huberdeau and Sasha Barkov.
None of this is to say Barkov and Huberdeau aren’t good players who will do well now that Jagr moved two time zones away, but the extent to which he made them better is both well-documented but little understood. This triumvirate — there’s no other way to put it — dominated opponents to an extent that’s difficult to process, and over the last three years, Huberdeau played 80 percent of his 5-on-5 minutes with Jagr, while Barkov got in 88 percent.
We’re talking possession numbers in excess of 55-plus on a regular basis. Shot shares in the same neighborhood. Goal- and high-danger-chance shares closer to and then over 60 percent. Just incredible. The kind of stuff you expect to see for Bergeron and Marchand on their best days. This is, again, over a three-year period, so while WOWY stats aren’t always reliable, we’re talking about nearly 1,800 minutes together for Barkov and 1,400 for Huberdeau. The numbers tell a pretty reliable story, and you also have to keep in mind that the Panthers haven’t exactly been known as a dominant team during that stretch.
Without those two, and with the acknowledgement that the Panthers’ offensive depth hasn’t exactly been overwhelming the past three seasons, Jagr’s numbers weren’t nearly as good, but they were still solid for the most part. Meanwhile, Huberdeau and Barkov both saw their numbers crater. We’re talking like 44 percent possession for the former and 37 percent for the latter. Again, mitigating circumstances, small samples, and all that, but these are replacement-level numbers or worse for superstar players. The gap, then, between what they did with and without Jagr is noticeable in the way the Grand Canyon is noticeable.
Why that’s good news for the Calgary Flames is pretty clear: Jagr has a track record of doing for talented young wingers who could otherwise skate circles around him what all previous linemates besides Hudler couldn’t. He might make Gaudreau and Monahan dangerous in all facets of the game besides their style of more quick-strike offense.
The obvious concern a lot of NHL teams probably had about Jagr is whether his approach meshes with the up-tempo style most teams are trying to roll out now. He’s a million years old and would lose a foot race to most men’s league players at this point. But the league was fast as hell last year and while Jagr had a down year in terms of scoring — probably due to the injuries Florida suffered — he was still pretty damn great.
Because of that speed concern, though, I’ve seen some suggest Jagr might not be the best fit for Gaudreau and Monahan, but he basically has to be their linemate by default. Anyone who would suggest breaking up the 3M line — which was a diet version of Marchand-Bergeron-Pastrnak last season — is out of their mind. And you don’t sign Jagr, at any amount, to put him anywhere besides your top six.
You never want to get too optimistic about a 45-year-old’s ability to be a great player in any professional sport, but Jagr seems to exist well outside the bounds of normal aging curves. The process of becoming 45 seems to have affected him not at all. So if you’re bullish on him working well with Gaudreau and Monahan, that seems well-founded. He might not make them world-beaters, but if he gives the Flames two lines that can go 54 percent possession and better than that in goals, they’re going to be awful hard to beat even if Mike Smith really fizzles out.
Calgary’s problem last year was depth-related at all skater positions, but this year it’s really only wing depth that should be a major point of concern. Signing this particular middle-aged man might address it in one fell swoop. And if it does, that entire division just got a lot tighter at the top.
Ryan Lambert is a Puck Daddy columnist. His email is here and his Twitter is here.
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Transportation Corridors
A transportation corridor is a long, narrow strip of property that includes surface, subsurface, and air rights. It often connects two or more areas restricted to surface, subsurface, and air rights, for the deportation of goods and passengers.
Some examples of transportation corridors are: railroad and mass transit lines, public and private roads, pipelines, including oil, gas, water, and sewer lines, fiber optics, pedestrians pathways, aqueducts and canals, television cables, and electrical transmission lines.
How to Appraise a Transportation Corridor
There are different methods that can be used when appraising a transportation corridor, including Replacement Cost New Less Depreciation (RCNLD), Corridor Value (CV), Sales Comparison Approach, Across the Fence Value (ATF), Net Liquidation Value (NLV), and Going Concern Value (GCV). [1]
Replacement Cost New Less Depreciation (RCNLD) is based on the principle of substitution and is more commonly referred to as the “cost of assemblage.” It includes the cost of the part taken, appraisal costs, negations costs, title costs, grading costs, project management costs, and the acquisition and demolition of buildings. According to Dolman and Seymour, this cost can range from two to six times the Across the Fence (ATF) value. The Court of Appeals in People v. Southern Pacific Transportation Company (1978) held that “the cost of reproduction is an acceptable approach to a determination of just compensation.”
When several similar commensurate commodities, goods or services are available, the one with the lowest price attracts the greatest demand and the widest distribution. Corridor Value (CV) is determined by multiplying the ATF value and the enhancement factor. The enhancement factor is arrived at by dividing the sales price of a corridor by its ATF value.
Sales Comparison Approach is applicable when there are several sales or comparables that have sold in the subject’s market area. This approach is seldom used since there are relatively few transactions of transportation corridors that sell in the same market area.
The underlying assumption in the Across the Fence (ATF) method is that land in the transportation corridor is equal to the value of adjoining lands. When using this method, the property is divided down the centerline and each half is joined to the adjacent parcel along with the adjacent property’s highest and best use and unit value. The ATF is the sales comparison approach modified to the degree that shape, size, topography, and access are disregarded. The State Board of Equalization, railroad companies, utility companies and public agencies use this method more than others when assessing value of operating and non-operating property, ground rent, and public and private streets.
The Net Liquidation Value (NLV) is the present value of the net amount the owner will realize if the corridor is sold piecemeal over a reasonable time period. Net proceeds are determined after administrative, marketing, real estate taxes, and cleanup costs are deducted from the gross revenues.
The Going Concern Value (GCV) is the expected future profits discounted to today’s value at a rate reflecting the quantity, quality, and durability of the income.
Appraising transportation corridors is a challenging endeavor, but can be accomplished by using one or more of the methods outlined above.
Valentine Appraisal and Associates Has Successfully Completed Several Transportation Corridor assignments:
Lower Franklin Reservoir Property in City of Los Angeles, CA
An Existing Pipeline Traverse Crossing at the BNSF Transportation Corridor in Hesperia, CA
1.9 Mile 50-foot wide Right of Way Corridor in Riverside County, CA
80.48 Mile Transportation Corridor in Siskiyou and Shasta Counties, CA
Palmdale Commercial Building Appraisals
Avigation Easements
Pipeline Easements
Visit Valentine Appraisal and Associates
[1] Valentine, Gary S. “Appraising a Transportation Corridor.” Right of Way Nov-Dec. 1998: 6-10.
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