#German Literature Month 2023

[bookjotter6865]

Winding Up the Week #345

An end of week recap “I think of the trees and how simply they let go, let fall the riches of a season, how without grief (it seems) they can let go and go deep into their roots for renewal and sleep … Imitate the trees. Learn to lose in order to recover, and remember that nothing stays the same for long, not even pain, psychic pain. Sit it out. Let it all pass.” – May Sarton This is a post in…

[notafraidofredyellowandblue]

Gitta Lindemann - Meine Fensterplätze

Gitta Lindemann published her first book recently, in it she talks about the end of the GDR, her husband and her son Till. Article from Nordkurier.de 2023-10-23

googly translated

-‐‐-------

Rammstein singer's mother also writes a declaration of love to her son

It took Gitta Lindemann more than 80 years of life to publish her first book. In it, the former culture editor also writes about her famous son Till.

Gitta Lindemann belongs to an artistically diverse family. Her former husband, Werner Lindemann (1926-1993), was one of the most famous poets in the GDR . His poems for children were part of school reading at the time. The Lindemanns' son also writes impressive poems. Till Lindemann made a name for himself above all as the singer and frontman of the band Rammstein .

With Radio GDR since 1969

Gitta Lindemann was also always connected to culture through her career. After studying journalism in Leipzig, she worked for Radio DDR from 1969, including in the Neubrandenburg studio , for the popular Urlaubwelle in Rostock and for NDR from 1992. She played a key role in developing culture-oriented formats such as “Literati in Cross-Examination” (1987), the NDR Literature Café and “Kunstkaten”, which is still broadcast today.

But Gitta Lindemann has also written literary texts herself since the 1980s, which have now been published in the volume “My Window Seats”. It is the first book published by the author, who was born in Dresden in 1939. An apt title, as Gitta Lindemann takes the addressee to her window seat and opens up her individual view of the world to the reader.

Her favorite window seat was the view of the garden from the house in Drispeth, Mecklenburg, which the Lindemanns had purchased as a holiday home. “Here I see orderly life, how it arises, blossoms, passes away and reinvents itself again and again,” she noted on December 25, 1991.

Diary describes fears of the end of the GDR

The diary, which begins at the beginning of May 1990 and runs until January 2, 1992, forms the heart of the volume. Many former GDR citizens will likely find themselves here, torn between hope and hopelessness in the “wild” years between the fall of 1989 and the mid-1990s.

First the run-down SED dictatorship was swept away and just a few months later tens of thousands of East Germans were at rock bottom when it became clear that they would lose their jobs. “The defeated go to the victor,” wrote Gitta Lindemann bitterly in June 1991 in connection with the liquidation of the orchestra in Schwerin and the tire factory in Neubrandenburg.

“The sell-out of a country must be seen”

She too is gripped by fears for the future. From the beginning of 1990 onwards, she always expected to lose her job as a journalist from the GDR. At the same time, she describes exactly the upheavals a few months before German unification, such as the conquest of department stores by the new western goods before the introduction of the D-Mark: “The sell-out of a country can be seen. Dissolution of an impoverished household. The new residents have already brought the furniture: cans and blouses and T-shirts and yoghurt and coffee and Rama and people are running. I as well."

Especially in times like these, when East and West intellectuals are fighting for the sovereignty of interpreting the GDR more than 30 years after the fall, authentic memories like those offered by Gitta Lindemann are incredibly valuable.

Granddaughter always gives strength

Only to a diary can you trust honest, hard confessions: “I've always tried to live in an ivory tower, but a sea of ​​shit is hitting its walls.” In addition to the struggles of German-German integration, it was the Gulf War at the beginning of 1991 most of us have erased from our memories in view of other conflicts, but which Gitta Lindemann's diary brings back to mind.

In these times of upheaval, she is continually motivated and strengthened by her granddaughter Nele's honest, naive approach to life: "If the GDR no longer exists, will we have to move?"

Sensitive lines about her husband's death

In recent years, Gitta Lindemann has written a number of sad, sensitive texts that describe topics such as loneliness, illness and death, of which much of it hardly seems alienated.

Here she often touches the soul, for example when she describes the last hours of her husband's life, from whom she lived apart but to whom she was so close: “We washed and dressed you. Your son tapped you on the chest - hey old man, he said, very despondent and we both cried. I couldn't watch them carry you away, so I cowardly sneaked into the garden."

Till Lindemann as family representative

Speaking of son, speaking of Till Lindemann. With “Declaration of Love to My Son,” the mother dedicates her own text to him, which shows the often martial-looking Rammstein frontman from his sensitive side, as a “family guardian” who picked up his grandmother in a wheelchair for Christmas dinner and fed her, for whom Mecklenburg is his home and “source of strength”. "If I didn't happen to be his mother, I would like to be friends with this man."

Gitta Lindemann: My window seats. With pictures by Rosa Loy and an interview between the author and the German scholar Carsten Gansel. Berlin: Okapi Verlag, 2023. 287 pages, 22 euros

[readingsquotes]

"

In May 2023, while attending the Palestine Festival of Literature and months before October 7, I was in the Occupied Palestine Territories and traveled to Ramallah, Nabi Saleh, East Jerusalem, Hebron, and Lydd. As a writer coming from a country with a history of apartheid, what I experienced shook me and resulted in my writing a long essay, “Vignettes of a People in an Apartheid State.”  

One did not need to be from a country with a history of apartheid to see the daily injustices and indignities visited on Palestinians. Palestinians have separate roads, and different number plates and are constantly under threat from strangers from the United States or white South Africans with apartheid nostalgia who come with guns and the protection of Israeli Defence Forces to settle into their homes. Indeed, unlike most literature festivals, PalFest takes the writers to multiple cities since Palestinians are unable to travel without permission from Israel, much like South  Africa during apartheid, just more cruel. 

This is why I am giving up the medal.  

I understand Germany’s guilt for the Holocaust.  

I do. 

That guilt is appropriate and has enabled Germany to face its unconscionable past. 

But it is this that makes its position on the current genocide in Palestine all the more shameful. As an aside and as an African, I wish the German government exhibited the same regret for their history in Namibia with the Herero-Nama genocide and for the genocide during the Maji Maji Rebellion in Tanzania. Equally important, I wish that the German government, in reflection and saying “never again” would acknowledge that NEVER AGAIN should be for ANYBODY. "

[iwantjaketosullyme]

𝘪'𝘥 𝘭𝘰𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘳 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘨𝘶𝘺𝘴, 𝘴𝘰 𝘪 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘪'𝘥 𝘵𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘢 𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦 𝘣𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘮𝘦 <3

♡₊ i'm a uni student from england (so i'm propah bri-ish innit)

➴ ethnically i'm nigerian

♡₊ my fav musical artist is mitski

➴ my fav books are tess of the d'urbervilles, alice's adventures in wonderland & anna karenina (basically 19th cent. literature abt women)

♡₊ i speak german ! wie geht's?

➴ avatar (2009) is my comfort movie (i've watched it 9 times in the past month😭)

♡₊ i love love love ducks nd swans !!

𝘪 𝘭𝘰𝘷𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘴𝘰 𝘧𝘦𝘦𝘭 𝘧𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘱𝘰𝘱 𝘪𝘯 𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘢𝘺 𝘩𝘪!

© iwantjaketosullyme tumblr 2023

[scotianostra]

Happy 65th birthday to Derek William Dick, better known as Fish, frontman with the group Marillion.

Fish was born on April 25th 1958 in Dalkeith, first born son of Robert And Isabella Dick. His parents ran a garage and petrol station, where he worked as a pump attendant in his youth. He has a sister, Laura, 3 years his junior. He attended Kings Park Primary School and Dalkeith High School, in his childhood home town, just outside Edinburgh.. He left school; with grade A O-levels in History, Chemistry, English, Maths and Biology and grade B O-levels in German and English Literature.

In 1976 he started to work as Forester. In 1980 he quit and started a musical career. He joined a band called Blewitt and joined Marillion in 1981. After a year of intense gigging in the UK they got signed to EMI and released their debut album Script for a Jester’s Tear in 1983.

Their biggest hit singles were Kayleigh and Lavender in 1985 (from the number one album Misplaced Childhood and Incommunicado in 1987. Their other top 40 singles included Garden Party, Sugar Mice and Warm Wet Circles. In 1988, after touring their critically acclaimed fourth album Clutching at Straws he left the band to start a solo career

In 1987 he married Tamara, a model from Berlin who he had met during the recording of the album Misplaced Childhood and who appears in the music video of “Kayleigh”. Later she also appeared in the video of his solo single, A Gentlemen’s Excuse Me. They have a daughter, Tara Rowena Dick, born on January 1st, 1991. In 2001 Fish and Tamara separated.

Derek has also tried his hand at acting his first job was in Zorro, and he isn’t shy of having a bit of fun in his roles, playing “Derek Trout”, a record producer in the 1999 series A young person’s guide to becoming a rockstar.

The East Lothian-based singer has undergone spinal and shoulder surgery and suffered two bouts of potentially deadly sepsis.

In 2020 Derek released an album called Weltschmerz, and it gave Fish a surprise hit , but not a chart hit, his management say it would have been number two in the UK charts, well done big man! The album was entirely self-funded, marketed, created and distributed from his home in Scotland and because UK chart rules require distribution through official channels it was precluded from the official charts.

Fish also revealed in that 2020 he’s retiring from the music business — saying: “I don’t want to be 70 and singing Kayleigh on the chicken-in-a-basket circuit While I can’t see him doing the likes of Rewind, I would think he will still be releasing material given the success of Weltschmerz, it sold over 60, 000 copies.

Fish did tour Weltschmerz and celebrated the 30th anniversary of A Vigil In A Wilderness of Mirrors as part of the Vigil's End tour in 2021. The tour was documented on the live album Vigil's End Tour 2021, released on physical formats in December 2022 and digitally in March 2023.

Derek has filled stadiums and sold thousands of records around the world - but he is now preparing for the quiet life in the Outer Hebrides after visiting last year.

The musician has snapped up a 35-acre croft on Berneray with his wife Simone.

A recent report says a planning application has been lodged to carry out renovations at the couple's new home at Beasdaire, which overlooks a beach at the northerly end of the island. Dick, currently lives in East Lothian and told his fans during an online broadcast earlier this month the prospect of relocating to the islands was 'really exciting'.

The former rock star is a keen gardener and host of the award-winning Fish on Friday - a Facebook live-stream. On the move he says been watching programmes about farming on the islands and held Gaelic, which is spoken widely on Berneray, in high regard.

More details about Derek on his web page here https://fishmusic.scot/

[not-so-bored]

24 November 2023, Friday  

82 days of productivity

Things I have done:

🦉 Duolingo: German

🏫 Classes 

💬 Interesting discussion about The Plague by Albert Camus

✍️ Practice Task (Language and Literature) 

🖥 Computer Science (not school-related 💙)

🤩 Philosophy 

📚 Warum gibt es alles und nicht nichts? by Richard David Precht 

Lunlun's Autumn Studying Challenge

It’s been a month already! How are you feeling? Is keeping up with the challenge tiring? Have you enjoyed it so far? Please share your thoughts! 

I’m feeling quite good and motivated. That was the goal. Keeping up with the challenge wasn’t tiring, I fell into the rhythm. Yes, I’ve enjoyed it! 🫡

[fuckyeahilike]

9 Aug 2023

Scientific misconduct has enjoyed some limelight lately. The president of Stanford, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, resigned last month after a series of investigations exposed serious problems in his research; an independent review of Tessier-Lavigne’s work found no evidence that he falsified data himself but concluded that his research failed standards “of scientific rigor and process” and that he failed to correct the record on multiple occasions.

And in June it was revealed that a scholar at Harvard Business School, Francesca Gino, was accused of having falsified research about – wait for it – honesty.

Of course, scientific misconduct does not happen only at Stanford and Harvard. Of the nearly 5,500 retractions we catalogued in 2022, and the thousands of cases we have reported on since launching our watchdog website Retraction Watch in 2010, the vast majority involve researchers at institutions without anywhere near Stanford and Harvard’s pedigrees.

The number of retractions each year reflects about a tenth of a percent of the papers published in a given year – in other words, one in 1,000. Yet the figure has grown significantly from about 40 retractions in 2000, far outpacing growth in the annual volume of papers published.

Retractions have risen sharply in recent years for two main reasons: first, sleuthing, largely by volunteers who comb academic literature for anomalies, and, second, major publishers’ (belated) recognition that their business models have made them susceptible to paper mills – scientific chop shops that sell everything from authorships to entire manuscripts to researchers who need to publish lest they perish.

These researchers are required – sometimes in stark terms – to publish papers in order to earn and keep jobs or to be promoted. The governments of some countries have even offered cash bonuses for publishing in certain journals. Any surprise, then, that some scientists cheat?

And these are not merely academic matters. Particularly when it comes to medical research, fakery hurts real people. Take the example of Joachim Boldt – the German anesthesiologist who, with 186 retractions, now sits atop the Retraction Watch leader board of scientists with the most pulled papers.

A specialist in critical care medicine, Boldt studied a blood substitute that was used in hospitals across Europe. His results, which were published between around 1990 and 2009 and widely cited, suggested that the product – used to help keep blood pressure and the delivery of oxygen to cells adequate – was saving lives. After his fraud came to light and researchers reanalyzed all of the available data while leaving Boldt’s results out, it turned out the opposite was true: the substitute was “associated with a significant increased risk of mortality and acute kidney injury”.

The truth, however, is that the number of retractions in 2022 – 5,500 – is almost definitely a vast undercount of how much misconduct and fraud exists. We estimate that at least 100,000 retractions should occur every year; some scientists and science journalists think the number should be even higher. (To be sure, not every retraction is the result of misconduct; about one in five involve cases of honest error.)

The lengths to which scientists go to fight allegations of fraud is part of the reason the rate of retraction is lower than it should be. They punish whistleblowing underlings, sometimes by blaming them for their misdeeds. They sue critics. Although they rarely prevail in court, the threat of such suits, and the cost of defending against them, exerts a chilling effect on those who would come forward. In one particularly grisly and tragic case in 2006, a Bangladeshi academic had a whistleblower murdered. The academic was hanged 17 years later.

Journals and publishers also fail to do their part, finding ways to ignore criticism of what they have published, leaving fatally flawed work unflagged. They let foxes guard the henhouse, by limiting critics to brief letters to the editor that must be approved by the authors of the work being criticized. Other times, they delay corrections and retractions for years, or never get to them at all.

Some of Boldt’s papers were only retracted this year – more than a decade after his fraud was incontrovertible. Journals are invariably more interested in protecting their reputations and the reputations of their authors than in correcting the record. Following evidence and testimony by Retraction Watch, the British House of Commons’s science, innovation and technology select committee was concerned enough that it said in a report earlier this year that corrections and retractions should take no longer than two months.

Universities hardly have an incentive to air their dirty laundry, but in the vast majority of cases they are left to investigate their own. Indeed, that is the law of the land in the United States, where scientists and universities have done their best to steadily erode the power of the US government’s Office of Research Integrity, which oversees – but does not perform – investigations into allegations of misconduct in federally funded research. University lawyers tell those in the know to say nothing, a form of academic omertà that lets fraudsters slip through many cracks.

The Stanford case – as Theo Baker, the student journalist who broke it open, has described – epitomizes all of these factors. Despite having been flagged on a site called PubPeer starting in 2014, the problems in Tessier-Lavigne’s papers would have remained virtually unknown, and might have never been corrected at all, were it not for Baker’s investigation. (Ivan Oransky, the co-author of this op-ed, is a volunteer member of the PubPeer Foundation’s board of directors.)

One of the main reasons scientists feel pressure to cut corners or fudge data is because funding rates are so low. The US National Institutes of Health last year approved about 20% of applications for new grants. And that’s a marked increase from recent years.

Funding to detect and sanction fraud should be a reasonable fraction of the dollars being spent – instead of mere millions in a sea of tens of billions. Until publishing papers is decoupled from earning funding and employment, however, it’s difficult to imagine how much will change.

[euphrosynthetic]

Personal Development Goals:

Reading

Read 12 books by authors in The American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2023 (3/12 completed: The Dutch House, Ann Patchett;The Overstory, Richard Powers; A Spool of Blue Thread, Ann Tyler).

Read every adult fiction work by Ann Patchett (5/14).

Language

become proficient enough to read advanced literature in three additional languages, one with a completely separate alphabet

become conversational in Tagalog

Skills

become proficient with calligraphy

learn architectural sketching

learn botanical sketching

become proficient with embroidery

become proficient with tailoring

learn how to design and make my own clothes

become familiar with engine parts and learn to fix basic problems

take at least 10 german longsword classes (2/10)

Habits

write birthday letters at the start of each month

read local news on Sundays

keep purses stocked with handkerchiefs or napkins

[whatsonmedia]

Finally, a GCSE for British Sign Language 

We Already Have GCSE's For Languages Like Spanish, French and German, Why Not BSL? It's January, we have said our goodbyes to 2023 and are now saying Hi to 2024. Apart from the Summer Olympics taking place in the beautiful French capital of Paris and Sweden hosting the Eurovision Song Contest for what feels like the umpteenth time even I don't know how it will shape up. Just hoping that it's not as barmy as 2023 has been.  What I am hopeful of though is to finally see British Sign Language, BSL for short, to begin being slowly implemented into the education curriculum. Now this is something that had been campaigning for, and for quite some time I might add. Now according to the latest reports it'll another year till we start seeing it actually being taught in schools. Basically we won't be having it until 2025, and even then it won't be until the Summer/Autumn. Now I openly admit that I don't have the first clue on how the mechanics of the educational system works. I myself have been through at least three different stages of the system itself; School (Primary and Secondary, and yes I count them as one been of the word School being used), College and University. Yes I did do Apprenticeships but that's a conversation for another day. When I was at school, Secondary, the only language class I did was German, and I openly admit I wasn't great at it. I didn't get on with all my German language teachers. That's my excuse and I'm sticking with it. There was French as well but I was never on the list to attend, for reasons I can guess but that's all they'll ever be.  English did appear on the board but only ever in the reading writing literature sense. There was the odd specialist classes which were more like electives that only lasted a few weeks but it's not like you'd suddenly become fluent after a month or two.  Looking back at the past couple of decades there was a small handful of languages being taught in schools; German, French, Spanish, Italian and Greek. The latter being useful if you ever planned on a career in Medicine.  From the moment I became aware of British Sign Language being an actual language I was always curious to know why it was never taught in schools. I first became aware of it when I was at Primary School and even then it looked both weird and intriguing. My reasons for this? For me, it was the first time in my entire life that I had seen a type of communication which wasn't verbal. It was spoken through hand gestures and movements rather than spoken orally. Can't remember the exact moment other than it was during those years and I was absolutely fascinated by it. During college there was a student who I got to know and we became really good friends and they had a Sign Language interpreter who stayed with them during the whole day. Me, even though I hung around them a lot and they had an interpreter with them I was too busy being intrigued by their communication. The whole 'three's a crowd' thing barely occurred to me, mainly because both myself and our peers would be asking how you pronounced words or phrases in Sign Language. There was the one about how to spell but that seemed a little time consuming at the time. However, I did learn how to say both my first name and nickname.  Apart from social gatherings the only other time I remember seeing it is in the 1994 film, The River Wild. So even though it won't be happening this year I am looking forward to seeing it become an official GCSE. At the end of the day, like German, Spanish, French and Italian, British Sign Language is an official law so why not teach it as a GCSE. From what i have seen over the past few years we have accepted that Sign Language is an official language, so why not? There will always be people who are deaf, either from birth, illness or injury. Now I'm only just saying this as a theory, there are people who probably use it, not because of hearing problems, but because of verbal communication issues and signing's just easier. Even though it's another year away I am of the opinion that it should be rolled out sooner, this year in fact.  https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/disability-67772338.amp Read the full article

[evoldir]

Fwd: Postdoc: UGraz_Austria.AmphipodDiversity

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Postdoc: UGraz_Austria.AmphipodDiversity > Date: 22 November 2023 at 06:03:39 GMT > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > Postdoc:UGraz_Austria.AmphipodDiversity > > We are looking for a postdoc interested in freshwater biodiversity > research to work on a project investigating the taxonomic and genetic > diversity of epigean amphipods in the eastern Alpine region (focus > on Austria). The position is fully funded for 20 months. The project > builds on an existing body of data, and further lab work will be > assisted by a technical assistant. The position requires a strong > background in population genetics and phylogeography, ideally with > research experience in freshwater ecosystems. Skills in GIS-based data > analysis and visualization, species distribution modeling and NGS-based > genotyping, as well as familiarity with amphipod or macrozoobenthos > biology would be welcome assets. Ability to read German text will be > helpful for researching some of the literature on species distributions, > but is not a must. > > The project will be carried out at the Institute of Biology at the > University of Graz, Austria, in the group of Prof. Kristina Sefc > (https://ift.tt/Zdi2OuB). Graz is a beautiful > mid-sized city in the south-east of Austria, located in convenient > distance to the high Alps and the Adriatic Sea and with lots of > possibilities for outdoor and cultural activities right at the spot. > > To apply, please email a cover letter, summarizing your relevant > experience, and your CV (including a list of publications) to > kristina.sefc@uni-graz.at. Applications are welcome from now on until > December 15, 2023. The starting date for the position is between January > 1st and March 1st, 2024. Gross salary (before tax) is approx. 4,600 euro > per month. > > If you have any questions or would like to have more information about > the project, please contact me (kristina.sefc@uni-graz.at). > > Best regards, Kristina Sefc > > "Sefc, Kristina (kristina.sefc@uni-graz.at)"

[quoteoftheweekblog]

RACHEL RHYS - 'MURDER UNDER THE TUSCAN SUN' (FIRST PUBLISHED 2023)

First sentance:

'We have to walk the last part of the hill.' (Rhys, 2023, p.1).

On D.H. and Frieda Lawrence:

' ... an English writer called Duncan Fletcher and his "frightful" German wife, Klara, who had rented a house a few miles away - "an utter hovel" - in which he was writing a book rumoured to be "total filth" ... ' (Rhys, 2023, p.44).

' "I heard he's writing the filthiest book ... No publisher will touch it with a barge pole, apparently, I cannot wait to read it." ' (Rhys, 2023, p.132).

' ... the Fletchers - the celebrated writer of filth and his "frightful" wife ... ' (Rhys, 2023, p.146).

On literature:

'On the first day, I asked if he'd like me to read from a copy of "Bleak House" I'd found on the library shelves. "Don't you think I've suffered enough?" he asked.' (Rhys, 2023, p.45). ' ... I sat outside on the front steps of the castle, reading with Nora from a copy of "Huckleberry Finn" I'd found in the library, not realizing until Allina told me tht its author, Mark Twain, had been a regular visitor to this very region and had even lived for a short while in one of the neighbouring villas.' (Rhys, 2023, p.89). ' ... I was reading to him from a disturbing novel called "A Passage to India".' (Rhys, 2023, p.115). 'I was reading to William from a collection of comic stories by P.G. Wodehouse. In recent days, we had come to an unspoken agreement to avoid anything too downbeat or tense and stick to books that were gentle or amusing.' (Rhys, 2023, p.287).

On life:

' " ... a person can learn everything they need to know about life from studying ant colonies." ' (Rhys, 2023, p.50). ' "I eat a great quantity of raw vegetables to keep up my strength." ' (Rhys, 2023, p.161).

' "Everyone should go to at least one party a month ... " ' (Rhys, 2023, pp.176-7).

On the Summer Exhibition:

' "I remember once, when Millie was young, taking her to see the Summer Exhibition at the Royal Academy and her coming straight home and doing a drawing and insisting we go back there to h ang it with the others." ' (Rhys, 2023, p.83).

On art:

' "Art isn't just pretty flowers and the same boring religious scenes ... " ' (Rhys, 2023, p.148).

REFERENCE

Rhys, R. (2023 'Murder under the Tuscan sun'. Amazon.com [E-book]. Available at: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Murder-Under-Tuscan-Sun-tradition-ebook/dp/B0B9G2TVCF/ref=sr_1_3?qid=1695558904&refinements=p_27%3ARachel+Rhys&s=digital-text&sr=1-3 (Accessed 27 August 2023).

[stuartelden]

Uwe Wittstock, February 1933: The Winter of Literature - trans. Daniel Bowles, Polity, April 2023

Uwe Wittstock, February 1933: The Winter of Literature – trans. Daniel Bowles, Polity, April 2023 It all happened in a flash. February 1933 was the month in which the fate of German writers, as for so many others, was decided. In a tensely spun narrative, Uwe Wittstock tells the story of a demise which was predicted by some but also scarcely thought possible. He reveals how, in a matter of…

[educatorinarizona]

Некогда Никогда Explained Russian Vocabulary 2 Negative Adverbs

Некогда Никогда Explained Russian Vocabulary 2 Negative Adverbs Lecture with example-sentences. The lecture is in English language.   Created by Zoia Eliseyeva on February 13, 2023 from California, USA Zoia Eliseyeva has a Master's degree in Education (California State University of San Bernardino - 2002) and teaching experience of over 30 years. She has taught ESL (English - still teaching), Russian, and Beginners' Spanish languages. (and Beginners' German - to her American friends). She has also studied French, Italian, and Arabic. She can also understand Latvian language (Riga, capital of Latvia). Zoia studied Latvian for 9 years in a Soviet High School (secondary school).                                          About Soviet System of Education     Secondary school was 10 years in Soviet Union, Saturdays were included. 3 months of summer holidays (May 30 to August 31). The academic year in a Soviet secondary school (equivalent to American High School diploma) was from September 1 to May 31 - 9 months a year, 6 days a week, 10 years was a complete "high school education". After that students could go to institutes and universities after successfully passing the competitive entrance examinations.     For example, for the prestigious majors like "English and Literature", the examinations' competition was 5-6 students for one spot in a university's Department of Foreign Languages (Отделение Иностранных языков). In Medical Institute the competition could be 12 students on one spot. The medalists (a golden medal - all A's - Soviet system A equaled "5") would need to pass only one major exam. For example, for Medical Doctor major it could be "Anatomy of a Human Being". (to be continued) ZE