#Geiger-Muller counters

[lifegreatsblog]

Understanding Geiger Counters and Their Applications

Geiger counters are essential instruments used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Simply put, a Geiger counter is a nuclear radiation detector.

Often perceived as either a relic of science fiction or a niche item for survivalists, the practicality of owning a Geiger counter extends far beyond these stereotypes. These devices are vital in fields such as nuclear research, environmental monitoring, and ensuring radiation safety.

The development of Geiger counters can be traced back to the early 20th century when scientists like Hans Geiger and Walther Müller made significant contributions to the understanding of radiation detection. Over the years, advancements in technology have led to the creation of more sophisticated and efficient Geiger counters.

Types of Geiger Counters

The choice of Geiger muller counter for sale on the market largely depends on its intended application, considering factors like sensitivity, energy resolution, and cost.

· Geiger-Muller counters These counters operate by using a gas-filled tube that generates an electrical pulse when ionizing radiation passes through it. The pulse is then amplified and counted, providing a measure of the radiation level. Advantages: Simple design, rugged construction, and relatively inexpensive. Disadvantages: Limited energy resolution and sensitivity.

·  Scintillation counters Scintillation counters work by detecting the light flashes produced when ionizing radiation interacts with a scintillating material, such as sodium iodide or plastic. The light flashes are then converted into electrical signals and processed. Advantages: High sensitivity, good energy resolution, and ability to distinguish between different types of radiation. Disadvantages: More complex and expensive than Geiger-Muller counters.

· Proportional counters Proportional counters are similar to Geiger-Muller counters but operate at lower voltages, allowing them to measure the energy of the radiation as well as the count rate. Advantages: Excellent energy resolution and ability to distinguish between different types of radiation. Disadvantages: More complex and expensive than Geiger-Muller counters.

Applications of Geiger Counters

Geiger counters are utilized in various sectors for radiation detection and monitoring:

· Environmental monitoring: GM counters are used in radiation protection to monitor the levels of radiation in the environment. Construction sites, waste storage facilities, and transportation systems are some examples of environments that require radiation monitoring. GM counters can detect and quantify the radiation levels in these areas to ensure that the radiations do not exceed the safe limit and cause environmental damage.

· Nuclear industry: One of the main applications of GM counters is radiation monitoring in nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants are designed to produce electricity from nuclear reactions, which can result in the emission of ionizing radiation. GM counters can detect and quantify the radiation levels in different areas of the plant, providing real-time safety alerts if radiation levels reach dangerous levels.

· Scientific research: GM counters also play a crucial role in scientific research involving radiation. Scientists use radioactive materials in various experiments, and GM counters can help them measure the amount of radiation emitted by these materials. This information is essential for understanding how radiation interacts with biological tissues and for developing radiation therapies for cancer treatment.

Homeland security and law enforcement:

Geiger counters can be used to detect and prevent the illegal transportation of radioactive materials, as well as in emergency response situations involving nuclear incidents.

Other applications:

Geiger counters also find use in fields such as medicine (for calibrating radiation therapy equipment), construction (for detecting naturally occurring radioactive materials), and education (for teaching and demonstrations).

Why do we need Geiger-Muller counters?

GM (Geiger-Mueller) counters are essential tools in various fields, especially in nuclear physics and radiation protection. These instruments are designed to detect and quantify ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma particles. Ionizing radiation is harmful because it has enough energy to remove electrons from a molecule, which can cause cellular damage and DNA mutation.

Therefore, the need for GM counters is to ensure safety measures are implemented in places where radiation sources might be present. For a reputable selection of quality Geiger counter for sale, consider exploring the offerings on nucleardetector.org.

It is important to remember that if you are concerned about radiation levels in your home, you should seek professional advice. Radiation can be very dangerous, and it is important to take every precaution when handling it. If you suspect that there may be high levels of radiation in your home, contact a licensed radiation expert to come and assess your home.

[justletmeon12]

How to Date an Aroace

Take a sample. If you suspect it's younger than 10,000, a plastic bag is fine for storage. Otherwise, use a glass or unpainted metal container. Make sure that your sample is completely dry before sealing the container.

To purify and extract the carbon, perform three washes - acid, base, acid - unless your sample is a bone or tooth, in which case charring/cremation and more specialized measures will be required. Make sure to thoroughly wash, dry, and weigh your samples. Then pump to high vacuum, heat to make CO2, and freeze out impurities. Once the CO2 has been purified, remove and convert to graphite.

Use accelerator mass spectrometry with graphite ionization, gas proportional CO2 counting with a Geiger-Muller counter, or liquid scintillation counting of benzene (following a second converstion) to measure the 14C radiocarbon.

Use standard tables to determine date by 14C fraction in the same.

Hope this helps!

Source: https://safarchaeology.org/resources/Documents/C14%20tutorial%20(EN)%20for%20SAfA.pdf

[uncontrolledfission]

What is the Quantum Zeno Effect?

Post #2 on Physics and Astronomy, 21st June 2023

This is a topic that's been interesting me for a while, I might choose it as the topic for my extended project in year 12, to be honest. Brilliant stuff.

First off, let's take a look at Zeno's arrow paradox, for which this effect has been so affectionately named. This concept states that, at any timeless instant (say you took a photo) in an arrow's flight, the arrow is not moving, and since time is made up of many of those instants, the arrow is not moving at all and therefore motion is impossible. This is very much paradoxical. One could say this means that a watched pot never truly boils.

This concept is then applied to measuring a a quantum-mechanical system. Let's take a look at the following graphic:

By JozumBjada - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=112625244

The first wave is not being measured at all within the whole duration. The second wave is being measured at spaced intervals. The final wave is being continuously measured over that time period. As you can see, measuring the state of this system causes the wave function to collapse; however, constant measurement makes that wave remain in a constant state. The system, supposedly, cannot change when you are measuring it.

I like to think of this in terms of the Schrödinger's Cat experiment. If you don't know what that is, it's a thought experiment in which a cat in placed into a box. A radiation source is inside the box, and if it decays and a count is detected on a Geiger-Muller counter, a vial of poison will be broken, killing the cat.

Since whether or not decay occurs is totally random and unpredictable, it is impossible to determine whether or not the cat is alive until you open the box. The cat, in other words, is BOTH alive AND dead until you open the box.

There are several interpretations on this, for which I will make a separate post. The most popular ones known are the Copenhagen and Many-Worlds.

Copenhagen states that, once measured, the system stops being a superposition of states but rather it becomes one or the other: dead or alive.

Many-Worlds states that, when you open the box, the cat is both alive and dead, but you branch off into a universe whether a cat is only one of those states.

Factoring in the Copenhagen response, the assumption can be made that, whenever a quantum superposed state is not observed, nothing happens; it is when you measure the state of the system that the system is forced to choose. In other words, it collapses the wave function.

NEXT UP: Different responses and interpretations of the Schrödinger's Cat experiment!

Sources:

Schrödinger, E., (1935). Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik. Found on: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01491891

Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Zeno_effect

Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%27s_paradoxes

PBS Space Time, YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMPid7Sh0EE&t=763s

Please correct me if anything is incorrect! What's written here is my understanding of all I've learned, and checked with different sources. It's possible I have worded something poorly or got it outright wrong. Do not hesitate to correct me.

[labtroncc]

Dosimeter (beta and gamma)

Labtron Dosimeter (beta and gamma) detects radioactive materials with a built-in Geiger-Muller counter. It operates in temperatures from -20°C to +50°C and measures X and γ radiation (40 KeV to 3.0 MeV) and β radiation (0.5 to 3.0 MeV), featuring automatic failure detection for reliable performance.

[sciwise]

What are 3 types of devices used to Measure Radiation?

 Three types of devices commonly used to measure radiation are:

Geiger-Muller Counters: These handheld devices detect ionizing radiation such as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. They work by measuring the electrical pulses produced when radiation interacts with a gas-filled chamber inside the device.

Scintillation Detectors: These devices use materials that emit light (scintillation) when radiation interacts with them. The emitted light is then detected and measured to determine the presence and intensity of radiation. Scintillation detectors are often used in laboratory settings and for environmental monitoring.

Ionization Chambers: These detectors measure the electrical charge produced by ionizing radiation as it passes through a gas-filled chamber. They are commonly used for radiation dose measurements in medical, industrial, and research applications. Ionization chambers can provide accurate measurements over a wide range of radiation energies and intensities.

[seinternational]

What to Know About the Different Versions of Radiation Area Monitors

Radiation monitoring equipment that protects people from excessive radiation exposure comes in three types. The most familiar and widely used is probably the radiation detector. Individual radiation monitors, badges, and “pens,” are not as well known outside certain occupations in mining, energy, and research. Radiation area monitors are the third type of detector. These devices are, as the name implies, used when radiation in an area of detection needs to be measured and recorded versus checking a specific object or person for signs of excess radioactivity. They can be classified in several ways, which are easier to understand if you remember the basics of radiation monitoring and detection.  

A Review of Radiation Monitoring Technology

Radiation detector gear uses several different technologies to detect and measure radioactivity. Within the categories below, you will find a variety of specific ways of using the technology to create different devices.  

Different devices serve to measure different aspects of radiation. Sometimes you want to know the type of radiation (x-ray or gamma ray, beta versus alpha), and other times you want to know the intensity of radiation coming from a source. In still other cases, you want workers to know how much radiation they have been exposed to. Area monitors detect radiation levels, while badges or pen-type monitors will indicate the dose a person receives, in rems or rads. In some situations, you need to know both, while other cases only require you to know only one or the other. Finally, the distinction between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can be important too.  

Scintillation  

These tend to be highly sensitive devices that not only detect almost any amount of radiation but can differentiate between natural and artificial sources, including the nature of the artificial source. They are used for gamma ray and neutron (beta) detection.  

Ionization Chamber

This category of radiation area detection device measures the production of charged particles, ions, generated by emissions from a radioactive source. These detectors are limited in that they only measure the strength of a source not the type.  

Geiger-Muller  

Devices using a Geiger-Muller tube are almost synonymous with the term “radiation detector” thanks to the long-running popularity of Geiger counters. In short, these devices use a gas-filled tube that intercepts some radioactive particles or waves and generates a signal. GM-type detectors deliver both a count (number of radiation events per unit of time) and the amount of radiation present.  

Area radiation detection demands different technology depending on the setting and type of radiation hazards anticipated in that environment.  

Tools for Radiation Area Detection  

Radiation monitoring devices for checking surfaces, packages, vehicles, or individuals use similar technologies to area radiation monitors. Those designed to monitor an area versus a person can be placed in one of two categories:

Interlock monitors – These devices measure gamma rays, x-rays, and/or neutron emissions and cannot automatically lock personnel out of a contaminated area. They will also be able to report the level of radiation available.  

Airborne particulate monitors – As the name suggests, these monitors detect radioactive particles in the air and sound an alarm if a dangerous level of radiation is detected. They may use large silicon-based detectors. These devices would monitor radiation levels, of course, but also record radiation data.  

Radiation alert monitors -- As well as other makes, will have radiation monitoring software either included or available at extra cost. Historical data may be useful in some settings. Other settings or industries operating under different rules may require reporting. So, it is important to know that this capability exists.  

While function matters, note that area monitors may be classified in diverse ways. Their main function, serving as an interlock monitor or radiation alert monitor may be assumed or combined with other functions. For example, these are some classifications you may find for specialized uses:

Noble gas monitors – These radiation area monitors are useful for measuring beta radiation in nuclear facilities.  

Gamma and neutron radiation monitors – These radiation detectors do pretty much what the label indicates. They may use scintillation or solid-state sensors, or Geiger-Muller tubes.  

Iodine monitor – This niche products measure gamma-ray activity associated with isotopes of this widely used element. These devices may use other technologies but most likely you will find one using NaI(TI), sodium iodide doped with thallium, to measure radiation events.  

These diverse ways of categorizing radiation monitors hint at their wide-ranging applications.  

Applications of Radiation Area Monitors

Because radiation sources vary so much in their nature, and especially in the type of hazardous radiation they emit, no single type of detector is useful for every application. Medical labs, mining operations, nuclear research centers, nuclear power plants are examples of environments where monitoring needs may differ. A lab that handles radioisotopes may be concerned with high energy neutron emissions from their research materials. Some research labs may need radiation area monitors for gamma rays, primarily.  

Different Area Monitoring Needs Call for Different Technology

Area radiation monitors may be classified either by their main function, of which there are two, or by their method of operation. Some vendors and users may think in terms of the specific task a device performs, such as monitoring iodine or neutron sources. S.E. International carries the Radiation Alert ® line radiation area monitors with models suitable for most any commercial, national security, medical, industrial, or scientific application.  

[trenchcoat-45]

Thought of the day…. Geiger counters SBM-20 Radiation Detector Muller Tubes produce an electric charge when exposed to radiation. Why don’t we use this as an alternative energy source in off world energy systems? (at East Brunswick, New Jersey) https://www.instagram.com/p/CmEZH5cOcw5/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[eggmannewsnetwork]

Oh they were being literal about the buckets

They found a what in the Grand canyon visitor's center?

Yeah at some point a bucket of uranium ore got left in storage or something and nobody knew what it was so they just sort of ignored it for a long time I guess? Jury is out on whether or not it's a major health risk but it's still not a great idea.

[liliyaolenyeva666]

📛 1426 「ウルトラマン」 #7。

月に一度ほどのお楽しみ 「ウルトラマン」 の第七話 「バラージの青い石」 を観ています。"中近東に巨大な隕石が落下し、それ以来ふしぎな事件が次々と起こった。科学特捜隊パリ本部から連絡員のジムがやって来た。その話によれば、パリ本部に トルコ、インド両支部の調査隊を派遣したが いずれも行方不明となったという。遂に パリ本部は 日本支部の出動を要請して来たのである！" という石坂浩二さんのナレーションのあと、科特隊日本支部では 青い制服に身を包んだ隊員たちが 連絡員のジムを交えて 原因を探っています。連絡員のジムに飛来した隕石の落下地点を尋ねるキャップ。持参したアタッシュケースから地図を取り出し 「ここだ、ここが魔の地点だ」 と指差す (日本語がとても上手な) 連絡員のジム。「よし、出動だ！」 とキャップは いつもキュートなフジ隊員に 「君は残ってくれ」 と命じます。「でも…」 と 言いつつ 「はい」 とキャップの命に従うフジ隊員。着替えを済ませた面々。「準備 OK！」 とハヤタ隊員。ジェットビートルで アフガニスタンを飛び越え、魔の地点まで 100kmといったところで 「キャップあれは！」 とハヤタ隊員。「イデ、無線を切れ」 とキャップ。目の前に “光の壁” とキャップが名付けた 謎の壁が立ちはだかっています。「あれは強力な磁力光線だ」 とキャップ。イデ隊員が頭に怪我を負ったものの、どうにか不時着したビートル。負傷したイデ隊員に 無線の修理を任せ、町まで徒歩で向かうことにした隊員たちと 連絡員のジム。先頭を歩くアラシ隊員は 左手に携えた機器がバリガリバリ��音を立てているのを見るや否や 「ガイガーカウンターに反応あり！」 と報告します。 「何っ」 とキャップ。「何っ！」 とわたし。という訳で、その後の落下した隕石や 磁力怪獣アントラーのことも気にはなるのですけれど、古くは 水爆大怪獣映画 “ゴジラ” の大戸島、最近では 2011年3月の “あの日” 以降、東京のあちらこちらで細々と流行していました “ガイガーカウンター” の “ガイガー” って何だらうって思って (ガイガンやガイバーなら知っているのですけれど)、早速インターネッターしてみました。"ガイガーカウンター (Geiger counter)“ は 正式名称を "ガイガー・ミューラー管 (Geiger-Muller Tube)” というさうで、ドイツは “プファルツ (Pfalz)” うまれの “ハンス・ガイガー (Hans Geiger)” と アメリカ合衆国は “カリフォルニア (California)” うまれの “ワルター・ミュラー (Walther Muller) が 1908年に開発したもの (更に それを 1928年に改良をしたもの) を "ガイガーカウンター” と呼んでいるやうです。そんな 1928年うまれの機器は 2021年の現在でも使われているさうで、何かが変わらない限り ずっとそのままなのかなって思いました。

..

[rosaliaolenyeva]

📛 087 「ウルトラマン」 #7。

月に一度ほどのお楽しみ 「ウルトラマン」 の第七話 「バラージの青い石」 を観ています。"中近東に巨大な隕石が落下し、それ以来ふしぎな事件が次々と起こった。科学特捜隊パリ本部から連絡員のジムがやって来た。その話によれば、パリ本部に トルコ、インド両支部の調査隊を派遣したが いずれも行方不明となったという。遂に パリ本部は 日本支部の出動を要請して来たのである！" という石坂浩二さんのナレーションのあと、科特隊日本支部では 青い制服に身を包んだ隊員たちが 連絡員のジムを交えて 原因を探っています。連絡員のジムに飛来した隕石の落下地点を尋ねるキャップ。持参したアタッシュケースから地図を取り出し 「ここだ、ここが魔の地点だ」 と指差す (日本語がとても上手な) 連絡員のジム。「よし、出動だ！」 とキャップは いつもキュートなフジ隊員に 「君は残ってくれ」 と命じます。「でも...」 と 言いつつ 「はい」 とキャップの命に従うフジ隊員。着替えを済ませた面々。「準備 OK！」 とハヤタ隊員。ジェットビートルで アフガニスタンを飛び越え、魔の地点まで 100kmといったところで 「キャップあれは！」 とハヤタ隊員。「イデ、無線を切れ」 とキャップ。目の前に "光の壁" とキャップが名付けた 謎の壁が立ちはだかっています。「あれは強力な磁力光線だ」 とキャップ。イデ隊員が頭に怪我を負ったものの、どうにか不時着したビートル。負傷したイデ隊員に 無線の修理を任せ、町まで徒歩で向かうことにした隊員たちと 連絡員のジム。先頭を歩くアラシ隊員は 左手に携えた機器がバリガリバリと音を立てているのを見るや否や 「ガイガーカウンターに反応あり！」 と報告します。 「何っ」 とキャップ。「何っ！」 とわたし。という訳で、その後の落下した隕石や 磁力怪獣アントラーのことも気にはなるのですけれど、古くは 水爆大怪獣映画 "ゴジラ" の大戸島、最近では 2011年3月の "あの日" 以降、東京のあちらこちらで細々と流行していました "ガイガーカウンター" の "ガイガー" って何だらうって (ガイガンやガイバーなら知っています) 思って インターネッターしてみました。"ガイガーカウンター (Geiger counter)" は 正式名称を "ガイガー・ミューラー管 (Geiger-Muller Tube)" というさうで、ドイツは "プファルツ (Pfalz)" うまれの "ハンス・ガイガー (Hans Geiger)" と アメリカ合衆国は "カリフォルニア (California)" うまれの "ワルター・ミュラー (Walther Muller) が 1908年に開発したもの (更に それを 1928年に改良をしたもの) を "ガイガーカウンター" と呼んでいるやうです。そんな 1928年うまれの機器が 2021年の現在でも使われているのですから 素晴らしいなって思いました。

[odishaphotos]

Giger Counter

Giger Counter

Error: the {{Wikify}} template is deprecated and has been deemed by the community as too ambiguous; please do not use / transclude / replace it. Instead, use a more specific template, such as those listed in this template's documentation. The incident took place on March 11 this year. A strong earthquake shook the sea about 130 kilometers off the coast of Japan. The Richter scale had an intensity of 9.0. The epicenter was reported below the Pacific Ocean floor, however; no tsunami alert was issued. The mountain-like wave was 14 meters above sea level. The shores of Japan were submerged in the sea. Many buildings and roads collapsed in an instant. The situation was exacerbated when seawater infiltrated many of Japan's nuclear power plants. The bomber struck shortly after noon in front of a U.S. military base. Extremely harmful radiation emitted from there, which had a devastating effect on the environment. At this time, scientists used a variety of instruments to measure the amount and type of light emitted by the environment. Among them was Giger Crow. There are many types of light in our world. Among them are uranium, thorium, and radium. These types of substances usually emit three types of radiation. That is, alpha radiation. Beta radiation and gamma radiation. The religion of all these rays is different. These cannot be seen or felt. This type of radiation is used to detect and measure gyrus crows.

It was first invented by German physicist Hans Geiger in 1908. He was working with eminent physicist Rutherford at the time to study radiation. During this time he designed the machine to measure alpha particles. It was named after Giger Crow. Then in 1928, Walter Muller made some changes to it. The device was used for a variety of radiation measurements. This machine reduces costs. It is also convenient to use. Therefore, it is widely used in medicine, physics, and geology. The machine has two electrical leads. Different types of radiation affect the ion in the air. This creates an electric shock in the front of the lightning bolt. Electrical appliances are fitted with that electric front. It shows the amount and type of radiation. In some species of crows, the effects of radiation can be clicked. Another type of crow's dial indicates the amount of radiation.

[lifegreatsblog]

The Ultimate Guide to Buying a Geiger Counter

In our current era, where the consciousness around environmental safety and the need for radiation protection has never been higher, Geiger counters have become essential instruments. These devices are adept at detecting the invisible threat of radioactive particles, serving a broad spectrum of users—from nuclear physics experts to everyday people concerned with their environment's safety.

With a Geiger counter, you can keep tabs on radiation in your food, water, and home. It becomes indispensable if your residence is in proximity to a nuclear power plant. Moreover, enthusiasts in geology and science, along with collectors, will discover numerous engaging applications for these counters. Notably, collectors may use them to gauge the radiation levels in vintage glassware, clocks, and other antiquities, where radiation presence can be surprisingly high.

Decoding Geiger Counters

Fundamentally, a Geiger counter is engineered to detect and quantify ionizing radiation. It leverages a Geiger-Muller tube, which is pivotal for signaling radiation presence by tallying the detected particles every second. The capability of this nuclear radiation detector to measure various radiation types—alpha, beta, gamma, and X-rays—underscores their versatility.

Types of Geiger Counters

Geiger counters come in various forms, each suited to different needs and environments. Handheld models offer portability and ease of use for fieldwork, while those with external probes provide the flexibility to measure hard-to-reach areas or specific materials. Grasping the differences and functionalities of each model is essential for choosing the most suitable one for your needs.

Purchasing a Geiger Counter: Key Considerations

· Detection range and sensitivity Ascertain the radiation levels you intend to measure and the sensitivity level needed for your activities. Some Geiger muller counter for sale are designed for detecting low levels of radiation, while others can measure higher levels.

· Portability and durability For field or rugged environment usage, prioritize a device that is both compact and durable, capable of withstanding drops, water, and other environmental challenges.

· Ease of use and user interface Consider the user interface, display, and overall ease of operation, especially if you are a beginner or plan to use the Geiger counter for educational purposes.

· Battery life and power options Opt for a device with a long battery life, preferably with options for rechargeable or replaceable batteries, especially for prolonged or remote use.

· Additional features Features such as data logging, connectivity (Bluetooth or USB), and alarms (audio/visual) enhance the device's utility, depending on your specific requirements.

Geiger counter Price

The cost of a Geiger counter can vary depending on various factors such as the type, the brand, the features, and the quality of the device. Generally, a basic and simple model of a Geiger counter can cost around $50 to $100. These types of Geiger counters are suitable for basic radiation detection tasks and for people who want to use them for personal safety.

On the other hand, more advanced and sophisticated Geiger counters that offer more features, precision, accuracy, and durability can cost $500 and beyond. These high-end models of Geiger counters are usually used by professionals in the nuclear industry, scientists, researchers, and various other fields where radiation detection plays a crucial role.

Top Geiger Counter for Sale

The market offers a plethora of Geiger counters, each with its own set of features and advantages. Some notable mentions include models renowned for their precision, ease of use, and comprehensive data reporting capabilities. While selecting a Geiger counter, consider reading reviews and comparing product specifications to find a device that meets your specific needs. For a reputable selection of quality Geiger counter for sale, consider exploring the offerings on nucleardetector.org.

Where to Buy Geiger Counters

Purchasing a Geiger counter from a trusted supplier is vital to ensure you receive a quality product backed by proper support and warranty. Online platforms can offer a wide range of options, but it's essential to buy from reputable websites and authorized dealers. nucleardetector.org stands out as a reliable source for various Geiger counters, offering expert advice and support to help you choose the right device.

Conclusion

Choosing the right Geiger counter is a crucial decision for anyone concerned with radiation safety. By understanding the different types of counters available, what to look for in a device, and where to purchase one, you can make an informed decision that best suits your needs. Remember, a proficient Geiger counter not only bolsters your safety protocols but also deepens your environmental awareness.

[topnewscenter]

Global Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety Market Research Report 2021 - Industry Size, Share, Demands, Regional Analysis & Estimations Till 2027

The Global Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety Market Report, in its latest update, highlights the significant impacts and the recent strategical changes under the present socio-economic scenario. The Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety industry growth avenues are deeply supported by exhaustive research by the top analysts of the industry. The report starts with the executive summary, followed by a value chain and marketing channels study. The report then estimates the CAGR and market revenue of the global and regional segments.

Base Year: 2020

Estimated Year: 2021

Forecast Till: 2027

The report classifies the market into different segments based on type and product. These segments are studied in detail, incorporating the market estimates and forecasts at regional and country levels. The segment analysis is helpful in understanding the growth areas and potential opportunities of the market.

Get | Download FREE Sample Report of Global Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety Market @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/download-sample-6203

A special section is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth of the Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety market.  The impact is closely studied in terms of production, import, export, and supply.

The report covers the complete competitive landscape of the Worldwide Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety market with company profiles of key players such as:

Landauer, Inc.

Mirion Technologies, Inc.

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Ludlum Instruments, Inc.

Radiation Detection Company

Biodex Medical Systems, Inc.

Arrow-Tech, Inc.

Unfors Raysafe Ab

Amray Medical

Infab Corporation

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Medical Radiation Detection Market Analysis by Type:

Gas-filled Detectors

Geiger-Muller Counters

Ionization Chambers

Dosimeters

Radiation Survey Meters

Proportional Counters

Scintillators

Inorganic Scintillators

Organic Scintillators

Solid-state Detectors

Semiconductor Detectors

Ionizing Radiation Detectors

Terahertz Radiation Detectors

Diamond Detectors

Medical Radiation Detection Market Analysis by Product:

Personal Dosimeters

Passive Dosimeters (Non-self-reading Dosimeters)

Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dosimeters

Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD)

Film Badges

Active Dosimeters

Self-reading Pocket Dosimeters

Pocket Electroscopes

Area Process Monitors

Environmental Radiation Monitors

Surface Contamination Monitors

Radioactive Material Monitors

Medical Radiation Safety Market Analysis by Type:

Full-body Protection

Aprons

Barriers and Shields

Face Protection

Eyewear

Face Masks

Hand Protection

Gloves

Attenuating Sleeves

Others

Medical Radiation Monitoring Market Analysis by End User:

Hospitals

Radiology

Dentistry

Emergency Care

Nuclear Medicine

Radiation Therapy

Others

Non-hospitals

Dental Clinics

Ambulatory Surgical Centers

Orthopedic Facilities

Imaging Centers

Radiation Therapy and Cancer Centers

Others

Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety Market Analysis by Geography:

North America (USA, Canada, and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, South-East Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific)

Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile, Rest of Latin America)

The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, South Africa, Rest of the Middle East and Africa)

Key questions answered in the report:

 What is the expected growth of the Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety market between 2022 to 2027?

Which application and type segment holds the maximum share in the Global Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety market?

Which regional Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety market shows the highest growth CAGR between 2022 to 2027?

What are the opportunities and challenges currently faced by the Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety market?

Who are the leading market players and what are their Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)?

What business strategies are the competitors considering to stay in the Medical Radiation Detection, Monitoring & Safety market?

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[uncontrolledfission]

Different responses to the Schrödinger's Cat thought experiment

Post #3 on Physics and Astronomy, 02/07/23

This thought experiment is one of my favourite things ever. It happened to be the exact experiment that introduced me to the world of physics and philosophy, so I'm here to discuss the experiment itself and the ways people have responded to it.

Summed up, the experiment essentially shows that an object (e.g. a particle or an atom) that adheres to quantum rules doesn't have a reality that can be pinned down until it is measured. What brought this about?

As mentioned in my previous post about the quantum Zeno effect, the experiment entails 'a cat being placed into a box. A radiation source is inside the box; if it decays and a count is detected on a Geiger-Muller counter, a vial of poison will be broken, killing the cat.

'Since whether or not decay occurs is totally random and unpredictable, it is impossible to determine whether or not the cat is alive until you open the box. The cat, in other words, is BOTH alive AND dead until you open the box.' (These are the exact words used in that post.)

Many had different things to say about this, from downright disagreeing to simply twisting it a little. Let's explore the most common interpretation, the Copenhagen interpretation.

This states that a quantum system, when measured, stops being a superposition of states and becomes one or the other as a consequence of observation. This essentially means that, when the box is closed and a person has not measured the state, the box and its contents are in a superposition of decayed nucleus/dead cat and undecayed nucleus/live cat. The observation causes the wave function to collapse, which obviously explains why, when you measure the box, the cat definitely won't be both alive and dead.

My next favourite interpretation is the Many-Worlds. This was formulated by Hugh Everett in 1957. Here, the idea suggests that the alive and dead states of the cat both persist when the box opened, but it is you, the observer, who moves into the universe where only one of those states exists. While the cat may be dead in your eyes, in another universe, it is still alive. Since the two different states or universes are decoherent (loss of information into an environment), there's no transfer of information between them.

The final interpretation that I thoroughly enjoyed reading about was the Von Neumann interpretation. This stems from the idea that there's a pattern in observation of a radioactive source: when it's observed by one source, this is observed by another, and this could go on forever. The argument here is that a conscious observer could break this chain, especially since it is that person that collapses the wave function. Eugene Wigner, another physicist essential to developing this take, suggested that when a person observes the box, they become part of that wave function. If Wigner learns of the observation through that friend, he, too, becomes part of the wave function, which can continue on indefinitely.

NEXT UP: Observed behaviours of spinning galaxies

Sources:

Wimmel. H, (1992). 'The Copenhagen Interpretation.' Quantum Physics & Observed Reality: A Critical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Page 2. Found here.

Can't find my source on Many-Worlds, will be searching.

Hobson. A, (2017). Tales of the Quantum: Understanding Physics' Most Fundamental Theory. Found here.

Please correct me if anything is incorrect! What's written here is my understanding of all I've learned, and checked with different sources. It's possible I have worded something poorly or got it outright wrong. Do not hesitate to correct me.

[sciwise]

Radiation Detector Device

A radiation detector is a device designed to measure the presence and intensity of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation includes alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, which have enough energy to ionize atoms by removing tightly bound electrons. There are various types of radiation detectors, each with its specific application and detection capabilities. Here are some common types of radiation detectors:

Geiger-Muller Counter (GM Counter): This is one of the most widely used handheld radiation detectors. It detects ionizing radiation by counting the number of electrical pulses produced when radiation interacts with the gas in the detector. It's effective for detecting alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

Scintillation Detector: These detectors use special crystals or liquids that emit flashes of light (scintillations) when ionizing radiation interacts with them. The emitted light is then converted into an electrical signal, and the detector can differentiate between types of radiation based on the characteristics of the scintillation.

Ionization Chamber: This detector measures the electrical charge produced when ionizing radiation interacts with a gas, typically air. It is commonly used for measuring gamma radiation and X-rays. Ionization chambers are often used in laboratory and industrial settings.

Dosimeter: A dosimeter is a device worn by individuals to measure the cumulative dose of ionizing radiation exposure over time. It allows workers in radiation-prone environments to monitor their radiation exposure and take appropriate precautions.

Radiation Survey Meter: This is a versatile handheld device used for general radiation monitoring. It typically combines features of a Geiger-Muller counter with additional capabilities for measuring dose rates and accumulated dose.

Gamma Spectrometer: This specialized device is used for identifying and analyzing gamma-ray sources. It provides detailed information about the energy levels of gamma radiation, allowing for the identification of specific isotopes.

When selecting a radiation detector, factors such as the type of radiation to be detected, sensitivity, energy range, and portability need to be considered. These devices find applications in various fields, including nuclear power plants, medical facilities, environmental monitoring, and homeland security.

[seinternational]

Can a Radiation Reader Detect Radiation That is Coming from Your Phone?

The camera sensors for smartphones can detect radiation before it reaches unsafe levels even if it is not as accurate as a traditional detector. Additionally, it can be used as a personal dosage estimator and an alarm for the presence of high radiation levels. Yes, (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) CMOS and (Charged Coupled Device) CCD cameras in smartphones and other devices can detect radiation.

The cameras are sensitive enough for many applications even though they are less sensitive than Geiger-Muller counters, specialized solid-state detectors, and scintillators. This setting helps to create the occasionally significant background noise different from the radiation signal. Scientists evaluated radiation detecting software on four cell phones, concluding that it functions effectively enough to serve as a first aid alarm system.

Although it won't be as sensitive as a typical detector, they claim it will be sufficient to detect radiation before it reaches lethal levels and serves as a reliable warning system. Gamma rays should, theoretically, be detectable by electronic cameras in mobile phones in the same way that visible light photons are. Scientists concluded that smartphones have enough processing capacity to use their in-built cameras to detect and quantify gamma radiation.

When incoming photons strike the electrons inside a pixel, a charge generates that an electrical circuit can use to detect light. As a result, cell phones unexpectedly turn into effective gamma radiation detectors (the camera body is likely to stop alpha and beta radiation).

If a minor part of radiation enters inside your body, it can also cause a detrimental impact on your health. The excess amount of radiation can be extremely dangerous. The main sources of radiation are cell phones, wireless networks, and x-ray machines. Even there are several sources of radiation in the environment every day.  

Let's examine the top 5 Android applications for radiation detection.

Android Radiation Detection App 1: Pocket Geiger.

It is among the top Android applications for radiation detection. Mobile phone microphones are used by pocket Geiger radiation detector apps to detect the presence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Simply said, this program turns the microphone into a reverse pin diode so it can measure EMR. This is the procedure. You can get Pocket Geiger for free from the Google Play store.

Android Radiation Detection App 2: Tawkon

As a result of our knowledge that radiation exists all around us, we can continue to be secure from it. The radiation emitted from any cell phone may be measured using the Tawkon app for Android. The tip that encourages you to emit the least amount of radiation level is the best feature of this radiation detection app for Android. It analyses and monitors radiation levels to minimize exposure. It continuously provides SAR information input.

Tawkon has several features which make it one of the top Android applications for radiation detection.

Android Radiation Detection App 3: Radioactivity Counter  

The third Android app to detect radiation has a name that already makes it apparent how it works. The radioactivity counter was created by experts in the field of EMF (electromagnetic field) or radiation for this app was one of the top radiation detection apps.

The main selling point of this application is its ability to measure radiation in the range of (ionizing radiation dose) 2-10 Gy to 1-10 Gy/h. Depending on the shielding employed in the cell phone, it can detect gamma radiation and greater beta radiation level. For $253, you can download this app to your smartphone.

EMF Radiation Detector and Radiation Meter are two Android apps to check for radiation.

Users may learn whether radiation is present using the Radiation Meter app.

The Radiation Meter app's operation is pretty straightforward; To detect the magnetic field surrounding you, it is the combination of the magnetic sensor of the Android phone.

It cannot be integrated with mobile devices that lack a magnetic sensor or magnetometer since it needs one. Field attractiveness is measured in T. (miniature tesla). The average EMF level is around 490mG or 49T (micro-Tesla) (Milli gauss). 1μT = 10mG. Upon identifying metal activity nearby, the micro-Tesla value increases.

Android Apps to Detect Radiation #5-Ultimate EMF Detector:

Users can use this app for free or with a paid membership. One of the better apps for detecting radiation is this one.

This software looks lovelier because of the many themes that are available (Graphics and UI).

This software uses a magnetic sensor to measure the presence of EMF and display readings from a line of LEDs and a needle meter. One of the top applications for 2020 is the Ultimate EMF detector app.

Key Takeaways

At S.E. International we understand that radiation exposure is unavoidable in certain industries. Our devices ensure your staff’s level of radiation exposure is acceptable. If you work in an industry where radiation exposure is a workplace hazard, you can contact SE International for your radiation detection products and services.