#GIL: Biology/Foundations

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

Converting Gallifreyan Age to Human Years

GIL's noticed some confusion about how old Gallifreyans are in human years. Have no fear; GIL's here to help.

✨ Quick Answer

If you're not interested in the breakdown, here's the formula:

For Gallifreyan ages under 100: (see below).

For Gallifreyan ages over 100: Human age = 18 + ((Gallifreyan age - 100) * 0.0133)

Here's a straight conversion table:

Continue reading for the maths...

🌌 Gallifreyan Ageing: Some Key Facts

Gallifreyans physically mature at 100 years old (roughly like humans at 18).

They're considered socially mature at 200 years old.

They typically live between 4000 and 7000 years, with 13 different bodies over their lifetime, each lasting around 450-500 years (though both can be more).

The 10th and later incarnations tend to have shorter lifespans, around 350-400 years per body.

For comparison, the average human lifespan is around 73 years.

🔢 How Does Gallifreyan Age Compare to Human Age?

To make the conversion work, we use a two-step approach that adjusts for the different life stages of Gallifreyans:

1. For the First 100 Gallifreyan Years:

Gallifreyans mature rapidly during their first 100 years, and we map these years to 18 human years. This period includes:

0-8 Gallifreyan years = Infancy

8-16 Gallifreyan years = Childhood

16-100 Gallifreyan years = Teenage years (ages 11-18)

2. After 100 Gallifreyan Years:

Once Gallifreyans reach physical maturity at 100, their ageing slows significantly. We scale their entire lifespan to fit within a typical human lifespan of 73 years, using the formula 1 Gallifreyan year = 0.0133 human years for ages beyond 100.

📐 Why These Numbers?

The reasoning behind these numbers is based on two main factors:

Different ageing rates at different life stages: Gallifreyans physically mature by 100 years, just like humans reach maturity around 18 years old. But after that, their ageing slows down significantly. We needed two different formulas to account for these different ageing phases.

Mapping a long lifespan to a human one: Gallifreyans live for 4000-7000 years, far longer than humans. To make sense of this, we compress their later years to fit into a human context, ensuring that even the oldest Gallifreyan reaches a human-equivalent age of about 70-80 years.

So there you have it! So next time you meet a 900-year-old Time Lord, don't call them old. They're only 28.

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

Absolutely! This is a good one 😃

Are Gallifreyans mammals?

To get our bearings, let's just start with what typically defines a mammal and whether we can apply Gallifreyan physiology to these characteristics.

Hair or Fur: Providing insulation and sometimes camouflage. → ✅ Although they're not Wookiee, Gallifreyans generally have head and body hair.

Endothermy: Commonly known as being warm-blooded. → ✅ They regulate their own body temperature, in fact, much better than humans can.

Neocortex: A brain structure associated with higher cognitive functions. → ✅ Not only do Gallifreyans possess all the components found in the human neocortex, but they also have additional brain parts or lobes for advanced functions.

Live Birth: Many mammals give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. → ✅ Gallifreyans can reproduce just like humans with a pregnancy and ickle time babies.

Mammary Glands: Essential for nurturing young with milk. → ❓(but probably) ... Gallifreyans have secondary sexual characteristics and the ability to birth just like humans, so you can almost bet your bottom dollar they can use the breasts to feed babies with special, err, time milk.

🔄 Gallifreyan Unique Traits

In addition to these, Gallifreyans have several unique biological features:

Binary Cardiovascular System: Two hearts pump their blood.

Regeneration: They can change their physical form and heal from fatal injuries.

Longevity: Their natural lifespan spans centuries.

+ and the other five million things.

Classifying them strictly within any of Earth's existing animal categories is a bit restrictive, and they could be considered a separate category altogether.

👽 Alternative Classifications

Mammalian+: One approach could be categorising Gallifreyans as "Mammalian+" or "Advanced Mammals," a subgroup that acknowledges their mammalian traits and their additional biological capabilities.

Gallifreyan-Specific Class: Given the unique traits, it might be more scientifically accurate to classify them as a distinct group specific to their planet. This new class would acknowledge that while they share similarities with mammals, they're a distinct evolutionary outcome of Gallifrey and its evolutionary pressures.

Xenomammals: This classification could be used for mammal-like beings from other planets who exhibit both standard mammalian traits and extraordinary abilities, but that's highly unspecific.

🏫 So ...

Gallifreyans are certainly more mammal than anything else, and we wouldn't be wrong using that term, but it's a little bit simplified. We should probably consider them a highly specialised or evolved type of mammal, but there's no name for that yet. Ideas welcome.

Related:

💬|🧬♀️♂️Why do Gallifreyans have secondary sexual characteristics?: Why and how Gallifreyans have secondary sex characteristics.

💬|👁️🌡️What is a Time Lord's ideal environmental temperature range?: Comfortable temperature environment ranges for Gallifreyans and a look at extreme temperatures.

💬|🍼👶How do natural Gallifreyan pregnancies work?: Details on the possible gestational aspects of a Gallifreyan+Gallifreyan pregnancy.

Hope that helped! 😀

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features:⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

Having a normal time (debating on whether or not time lords can be classified as mammals)

[runawaymun]

Ask me about my not-yet-written-fics from this list

@linesofreturninggeese

Okay, so this is something I was talking over with @metatomatoes because I wanted Celebrimbor to survive so badly but like, I just could not see how it was possible, and then we got to talking and fucking around with Elvish biology and I think I can make it work.

this is all based on the foundation that Elrond and Celebrimbor were very close in the second age, and/or it piggybacks on the To Partake universe. Either way, they have an Osanwe bond. Not quite a marriage bond. It's a bit weaker than that, but a bond nonetheless.

there are human burn victims who have lost a tremendous amount of skin with medical care and survived, right?

and obviously the greatest risks here are blood loss, infection, and hypothermia

It's reasonable to me to assume that elves have pretty good blood clotting.

We also know from canon that they're better at regulating their temp than we are

If elves are pretty much immune to infection, we can knock that out.

With some sketchy research the general consensus is that a human IRL could, after being flayed, last 36 hours, or perhaps up to a week (if given fluids and semi cared for).

Reasonable to me to assume because Sauron is Sauron that he might continue to toy with Celebrimbor post-flaying, which means he has a vested interest in keeping him alive a bit longer.

Also reasonable to assume that elvish bodies can withstand quite a lot, considering Maedhros survived torture and being hung off a mountainside for a really long time while captured by Morgoth.

So, the final kicker here IIRC was @metatomatoes' idea - which is, what if elves are essentially able to drop into a stasis state? Like where everything slowly shuts down to minimal functions in order to survive extreme conditions? Explains a lot of things, really.

With that, what if rather than dying, Celebrimbor drops into stasis.

Stasis is no fun for Sauron :( Celebrimbor's not making fun noises anymore when he gets hurt.

So at this point Sauron has him shot full of arrows (assuming that he'll be dead soon) and hangs him up to taunt Elrond and Gil-Galad, per the canon events.

Everyone at this point is pretty confident that Celebrimbor is dead as a doornail,

EXCEPT ELROND.

Because he can absolutely feel through their Osanwe bond that there's something left there, and post-siege of Eregion when they finally recapture everything and pull Celebrimbor down, everyone is like "Elrond he's dead, we promise he's dead" and Elrond is like "I promise he's not!!!!!!!!! he's in stasis!!!!!!!!!!!!"

And Elrond by now has Vilya, which enhances his already incredibly strong healing.

Also I have already established within my own universe that Elrond is a bit of a necromancer, so long as someone is only mostly dead (re Princess Bride hehe).

SO, he manages to bring Celebrimbor back from the grave.

And granted, Celebrimbor is like, severely fucked up and perhaps does not even want to continue living, but Elrond is determined.

Once Celebrimbor has recovered (it is a long, slow road) he winds up just living with Elrond in Rivendell, possibly under an alias idk. But hey everyone talks about that weirdly good smith in Rivendell. Like uncannily good smith.

I like to imagine that he's the one who reforged Anduril :3

[perfectirishgifts]

Grimes, Serena Williams, Gwyneth Paltrow Talk AI, Ventures And Pivots At Web Summit 2020

New Post has been published on https://perfectirishgifts.com/grimes-serena-williams-gwyneth-paltrow-talk-ai-ventures-and-pivots-at-web-summit-2020/

Grimes, Serena Williams, Gwyneth Paltrow Talk AI, Ventures And Pivots At Web Summit 2020

Tech investor Serena Williams with Away cofounder Jen Rubio

AI was top of mind at Web Summit 2020 held last week as celebrity founders and funders took to the small screen to discuss digital twins, autonomous weapons and how to govern Mars.

Over 100,000 viewers tuned into the virtual conference, up 300% from the airing of its sister show Collision From Home held earlier this year, and up 30,000 attendees from 2019 when the event was last physically held in Portugal, according to the show’s producers. A production so flawless that unicorn maker, Garry Tan, predicted the platform would be worth a billion dollars if they ever chose to spin it out.

But what really made Web Summit a standout was its clever mix of programming. No other tech show has yet to cast Hollywood’s most famous meth dealers, Contagion’s patient zero, the Princess Bride and Captain America discussing pivots from end times. Netflix and Amazon should take note – Web Summit was by far the best streaming entertainment of the week.

Some great insights were shared on the promise and perils of AI by Mark Cuban, Deepak Chopra, Ronnie Chieng, Alexa’s boss, Grimes, Ridley Scott, Palmer Luckey, Elad Gil, Garry Tan, Nicole Quinn, Gwyneth Paltrow, Serena Williams, Jen Rubio, Bryan Cranston and Aaron Paul. Here are the highlights.

My Digital Twin

Shark Tank host Mark Cuban

“I wish someone would invent an AI model of the human body that could be individualized,” Mark Cuban said. A mini me of sorts with a copy of all bodily functions where simulations could be run to tell you, “Your throat isn’t sore, you ate something that’s bothering your esophagus which can be cured by A, B, C or D in seven days.”

Journalist Emily Ragobeer in conversation with Deepak Chopra and Lars Buttler

Deepak Chopra then introduced his own version of a mini me, Digital Deepak, a wellness guide for sleep, stress management, yoga, breathing, exercise, emotional resilience, nutrition, balancing circadian rhythms and self awareness. The best selling author only half-joked that he uploaded his consciousness to the AI Foundation to provide users with valuable insights from his 91 books. Although its not clear how biometrics will be tracked on the app, AI Foundation cofounder and CEO Lars Buttler gave assurances that everyone will be able to train their own Personal AI soon and that safeguards were being taken to prevent deepfakes made on the platform.

But can your AI take a joke?

“AI can get a well known joke or play on words because it knows when it understands something. If its confidence interval is narrow and it doesn’t know what’s going on, it will say I don’t know this yet, let me learn more about this,” Buttler explained.

Daily Show’s Ronny Chieng answering audience questions, “Will AI ever be as funny as you?”

“Will AI ever be as funny as Ronnie Chieng?”

“AI funny as me?! I hope not, I’ll be out of a job,” Daily Show’s Ronnie Chieng said as he responded to audience questions, “Right now I can’t even get Alexa to set a timer without selling me an ad. If it’s going to be as funny as me, it probably will sell more ads, so maybe?”

He then mimicked about how chatty Alexa has become.

“Hey Alexa, set a timer for 15 minutes.”

“Okay Ronnie, your timer is 15 minutes, by the way, would you like to buy a clock?”

“No, I don’t want to buy anything, I just want you to do your job!” he replied.

The Atlantic’s Nicholas Thompson with Amazon’s Dave Limp

Alexa’s boss, Amazon’s Head of Hardware and Devices, Dave Limp explained they’re working on improving Alexa’s hunches.

“We’re at a point where one out of five interactions with Alexa are not instigated by the customer.” This means 20% of the time Alexa is doing something on your behalf, like playing news after you hit snooze to subtly wake you up.

“We’re trying to make this a delightful experience. What’s super important about being proactive is that you have to be right, a lot. As soon as you start getting proactive and incorrect, it gets annoying very quickly.”

TechnoUtopia v Dystopia

Grimes

Alt pop superstar Grimes, girlfriend to SpaceX founder Elon Musk, and mother to the Elven spelling of AI, talked about the role technology is playing in her life.

“I feel like iPhone should turn off an hour before bed. It’s been giving me sleep problems. It’s technology we haven’t factored into our biology.” She added, “But we shouldn’t forget technology makes our lives better. We need more utopianism in sci fi.”

Having recently collaborated with Endel, the algorithmic music startup, on an AI lullaby she observed, “Everyday I thank the overlords of Ableton for cleaning up my tracks but I do worry though that AI will outpace us and make musicians obsolete. It’s inevitable. We have the beautiful advantage of knowing super intelligence is coming. We ought to make those rules now and not wait until its too late. We’re giving birth to AI. We can teach it and point it in the right direction, but where it goes from there as it becomes more powerful as this ghost in our data and ultimately its own being is anyone’s guess. Maybe it will become like Dune, where thinking machines get banned on Earth and we send AI out into the universe to spread the light of consciousness so information is wherever you go, and then Earth becomes this boutiquey thing like organic vegetables where when human music is heard people will be like, oh, this was made by a woman, not a robot.”

As to whether this will turn into a dystopian nightmare of our own making, Grimes concluded, “Every tool has the potential to be dangerous. Where we are headed depends upon what we do with the technology. We’re on the knife’s edge right now but we have solved insane problems like our faces being beamed through space and time so we can be together in the same place right now despite physically being all over the world. That’s some crazy wizardry happening right here. There is a solution, we just shouldn’t make failure an option.”

Exiting The Anthropocene

Sir Ridley Scott

Blade Runner director Ridley Scott delivered his own dire warning with the premiere of his Digital With A Purpose film urging innovators to find way to meet Paris Accord Climate 2030 goals. “The luxury of science fiction is that it’s fantasy. We’re dealing with reality. We’re being way too polite about where we are. We are at the threshold of an abyss of disaster.”

Palmer Lucky, cofounder Oculus and Anduril, making the case for the tech industry to work on … [] autonomous weapons

Which begs the question, if the age of autonomous weapons is upon us, who do you trust more with it, enemy nations or billionaire Oculus founder Palmer Luckey? That’s what Luckey asked in making the case for the tech giants to re-engage with the U.S. Department of Defense on working on national security solutions.

“AI is this very powerful and useful technology but its not very good at making life and death decisions and is totally capable of running autonomous weapon systems. We need to assume it develops as fast as the most optimistic people assume and set rules now,” Luckey said, “We shouldn’t be outsourcing accountability to a machine. You can’t lock up a machine in prison for war crimes.” Anduril AI analyzes data to help humans pull the trigger, with safeguards to prevent abuses, he said. He criticized Google and Apple for not doing more.

“Big Tech companies are not only not working on national security problems, but they’re killing the work of companies that are. This happened with Boston Dynamics. That’s because there are financial and PR incentives to stay out of military work. China has done an incredible job of blocking access to their markets as a tool to get the culture of Western democracies to subvert itself to China. Meanwhile, China is making huge strides in autonomy and AI. China is going to be a superpower, bigger than the United States.”

Why Silicon Valley Will Always Be Home To AI

Elad Gil

Elad Gil, investor in Anduril, AirBnb, Cardiogram, Instacart, Pinterest, Square, Stripe, Unbabel and Wish, gave his perspective on the Work From Anywhere diaspora from Silicon Valley.

“For those of you in the audience thinking about starting a company, I want to tell you the water is fine. San Francisco is still a great place to come to. I encourage you to meet us here. Markets are bigger than they’ve ever been. If you ask yourself where is all the tech market cap aggregating, of the 187 unicorns that have been created in the last 15 months, half were in the U.S. and a quarter in Silicon Valley. I do believe we’re going to continue to have a cluster in the Bay Area because of strong network effects that accelerate companies and people working in those industries. I don’t think that behavior goes away after Covid.”

It’s 2020, Computers Can Now See, Hear And Socialize

Initialized Capital Garry Tan

As to where he’s placing his AI bets for the new year, Initialized Capital’s Garry Tan said, “We remain very long on computer vision. We were the first investors in Cruise Automation which broke open the self-driving car space and now there is a lot of practical automation that was never possible before.”

An investor in Standard Cognition, he talked about its camera-only cashierless retail experience that enables you to walk into a store, pick up whatever you need and walkout, in stark contrast to Amazon Go which relies on shelf sensors.

“Down the road we think practical robotics are just around the corner with sub $1,000 real time SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) computer vision, for use industrially and in the home.” Tan is also invested in Ava.me which applies on the fly machine learning to voice recognition and live captioning on Zoom.

Lightspeed Venture Partners Nicole Quinn

Lightspeed Venture Partners’ Nicole Quinn is also bullish on AI. She sees online social experiences remaining sticky for the foreseeable future. She’s invested in Lunchclub, an AI concierge that serves up Zoom coffees for meaningful professional networking, and Cameo, an AI booking agent for celebrities that will chat or send birthday greetings for a fee.

Celebrity Pivots

Gwyneth Paltrow on turning Goop’s first profit

Quinn then took to the screen with her portfolio client, Gwyneth Paltrow who shared news of Goop turning its first profit.

In March, “When the lockdowns happened and commerce seemed to completely stop, I set our marketing budgets to zero, pulled down our social media spend, and returned to our content roots to get back into the hearts and minds of our readers. Soon after engagement metrics went up and transactions followed, but our events and ads business had gone to zero overnight and our retail business were down from plan. I knew I had to get to profitability as quickly as possible. The hardest part was having to take such a stringent look at the P&L, close stores and let go of people we loved,” Paltrow said.

“We tell our companies, to win you got to be around. You need to have at least 24 months runway at all times,” said Quinn, applauding Paltrow actions.

Then Paltrow, an Academy award winning actress, landed a Netflix series, Goop Lab, which just got renewed for Season 2. “We got a lot of new customers from the show. I feel like a lot of brands are very reliant on Facebook, but when you live in the intersection of content and commerce, founders need to think of ways to organically reach customers. I’ll never buy another customer off Facebook again.”

Paltrow added, “I’m not that bullish on 2021. I think we’re still in for a lot of instability. We’re looking at creative ways to monetize content and find sustainable growth from within our own channels as opposed to spending money to prospect. We’re looking at doing something in food which is a strong pillar for us and not intensive from a capital expenditure standpoint.”

Serena Williams

Tennis legend Serena Williams is a prominent AI investor. Her portfolio includes Tonal, Noom, Zipline, Masterclass, Gobble, Billie and Daily Harvest, which she backed along with Gwyneth Paltrow, Nicole Quinn and Paris Hilton. Before the pandemic, she was an extensive traveler and launched an Away x Serena Williams luggage line. She went on screen with Away cofounder Jen Rubio to discuss their collaboration and the challenges the brand has been facing this year.

“Being at the intersection of travel and retail was pretty much the worst place to be. We stopped everything and took a hard look at should we be marketing at all. Approaching it very authentically and transparently with our customers allowed us to keep the brand going when it didn’t make any sense to travel,” Rubio said, sharing how fans have been supporting the brand by posting memes of Away suitcases posed as standing desks and work out benches. The company has since been able to pivot with travel goods for socially distanced road trips, digital nomading and pandemic puppies.

Cheers to 2021!

Forbes Zack O’Malley Greenburg Breaking Bad with Bryan Cranston and Aaron Paul

Let’s all raise a glass to the end of 2020.

“It’s been a difficult year for the entire world but the one thing that’s gotten us through is knowing we’re all going through it together. I miss travel but I’m finding happy moments at home. It’s really cool to be in one place with my family,” said Williams. 

Then Breaking Bad’s Bryan Cranston and Aaron Paul mixed up cocktails to promote their Dos Hombres Mezcal and did virtual shots from their sunny Los Feliz homes in locked down L.A. To next year in Lisbon!

Making Dos Hombres cocktails with Breaking Bad Bryan Cranston and Aaron Paul

From AI in Perfectirishgifts

[evoldir]

Postdoc: TexasAMU.ProgramCoordinator.EvolutionaryBiolBiodiversity

Position Announcement Joint Program Coordinator Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ph.D. Program (EEB) and Applied Biodiversity Science Program (ABS) The Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ph.D. program (EEB) and the Applied Biodiversity Science program (ABS) at Texas A&M University are seeking a full-time joint Program Coordinator. This PhD-level coordinator position is a hub for the EEB and ABS programs. The program coordinator will become a central communicator and facilitator for faculty, students, and the international network, and be engaged in the research and teaching missions of these programs. The position supports opportunities for research and professional development and is appropriate for postdocs. The position is based on the College Station campus. EEB is an interdisciplinary program that offers a Ph.D. in the field of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. We offer a world-class training program that incorporates many fields relevant to EEB, spanning from evolutionary genomics to animal behavior to landscape ecology. Our faculty and students are spread over 11 departments and seven colleges across Texas A&M University, bringing together a diverse array of perspectives in the study of EEB. The ABS Program is a multidisciplinary graduate training program. ABS promotes integrative research in biological and social sciences applied to biodiversity conservation around the world, including the US, Latin America, and Africa. Faculty and students spread over nine departments and five colleges. More about these two program at: http://eeb.tamu.edu and http://biodiversity.tamu.edu. Qualifications – the Program Coordinator will have a foundation in the natural or social sciences and demonstrated experience with administrative and organizational tasks. Minimum requirements: • B.Sc. degree (PhD strongly preferred) in the social or natural sciences by the start date of the position. • At least 2 years of administrative, management, or leadership experience. The ideal EEB/ABS Joint Program Coordinator will have: • Excellent interpersonal skills. • Excellent organizational skills. • Outstanding leadership skills. • Demonstrated ability to work as part of multidisciplinary teams and in diverse cultural settings. • Ability to communicate in Spanish is not required but is desirable. Responsibilities — The Program Coordinator is a hub for the EEB and ABS programs. S/he will become a central communicator and facilitator for faculty, students, and postdoctoral researchers. The Program Coordinator will have a direct leadership role in both EEB and ABS Programs. Specific duties include: • managing day-to-day activities and information requests; • grant writing; • facilitating contacts with local and international partners; • facilitating interactions among members; • coordinating logistics for field courses and on-campus events; • organizing and teaching orientation course for incoming EEB students; • assisting the EEB Executive Committee with various tasks; • supervising webmaster for design and updates to the websites; • coordinating course schedules and enrollment; • organizing outreach and recruitment activities; • arranging interviews for applicants to both programs; • tracking student progress; • managing graduate applications; • processing and reporting expenses; • coordinating program assessment activities and compiling assessment data; Application Process — Applications should include a letter of interest emphasizing a track record in multidisciplinary activities, administrative/management experience, relevant research, and how the candidate can contribute to the interdisciplinary mission of ABS and EEB. Include a complete Curriculum Vitae and list of two professional references. Applicants can apply here: https://tamus.wd1.myworkdayjobs.com/en-US/AgriLife_Research_External. Search for position “R-018558” Inquiries about this position should be directed to: Gil Rosenthal, Department of Biology: grosenthal@bio.tamu.edu Jason Martina, EEB and ABS: jpmartina@tamu.edu Lee Fitzgerald, Wildlife and Fisheries Department: lfitzgerald@tamu.edu Amanda Stronza, Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences: astronza@tamu.edu Application review will begin 22 April 2019 and will continue until position is filled. What we offer Salary commensurate with education and experience Attractive benefits package. Great community and work environment. Opportunities for graduate level teaching and research engagement. About the Community — Texas A&M University main campus is located in College Station, which is part of a metropolitan community of 200,000 people, including the city of Bryan. In addition to excellent health, education, and recreation services, the community affords a rich variety of cultural activities typical of a major university environment, including museums, music, art, and theatre. College Station is within easy reach of some of the most cosmopolitan cities in the US – about 90 minutes from Houston and its major international airport, and under 2 hours from Austin. The Texas A&M University System is an Equal Opportunity Employer Gil Rosenthal

[zeroviraluniverse-blog]

A systematic study uncovering multiple new and unusual bacterial immune defense mechanisms could pave the way toward new biotech tools -- ScienceDay by day

Visit Now - http://zeroviral.com/a-systematic-study-uncovering-multiple-new-and-unusual-bacterial-immune-defense-mechanisms-could-pave-the-way-toward-new-biotech-tools-sciencedaily/

A systematic study uncovering multiple new and unusual bacterial immune defense mechanisms could pave the way toward new biotech tools -- ScienceDay by day

Until a decade in the past, scientists weren’t conscious that micro organism had complicated immune programs — ones that could sustain with the tempo of evolution in viruses referred to as phages that infect micro organism. That modified with the discovery of what’s now the most well-known bacterial immune mechanism: CRISPR. Scientists realized that CRISPR is a pure gene editor, and it has revolutionized the world of organic analysis in hundreds of labs round the world. Researchers now perceive that almost all microorganisms have refined immune programs of which CRISPR is only one component; however there was no good way to establish these programs. In an enormous, systematic study, Prof. Rotem Sorek and his workforce at the Weizmann Institute of Science have now revealed the existence of 10 beforehand unknown immune defense mechanisms in micro organism. “The systems we discovered are unlike anything we had seen before,” says Sorek. “But among them, we think, are one or two that might have the potential to increase the gene-editing toolbox, and others that point to the origins of the human immune system.” The outcomes of their study have been lately printed in Science.

Bacteria can’t depend on CRISPR alone in the warfare in opposition to phages, explains Sorek, a member of the Institute’s Molecular Genetics Department. Indeed many phages have “anti-CRISPR” proteins that cancel CRISPR exercise, suggesting that different programs take up the slack. Sorek and his workforce started their seek for these programs by creating a pc program that will scan all the bacterial genomes which have ever been sequenced — round 50,000 genomes in all. Rather than search for sequences with predefined traits, the algorithms they created looked for the “statistical signatures” of genes concerned in defense — for instance, their location in “defense islands” the place a number of defense-related genes are discovered close to each other. Then, as a result of immune system genes not often work alone — even in micro organism — the researchers developed complicated pc analytic strategies in order to grasp which genes be part of forces and work collectively to kind a defense system.

Once they’d narrowed down the attainable defense genes from thousands and thousands to a number of hundred, the researchers wanted to check the candidate mechanisms they’d recognized. Rather than making an attempt to isolate the genetic sequences from a whole bunch of various micro organism, the workforce turned to artificial biology: getting the genes made to order. They despatched the strings of gene code — totaling one thing like 400,000 bases, or “letters” of genetic code — to a industrial lab the place dozens of various multi-gene programs have been synthesized for testing. These artificial programs have been inserted into lab micro organism that had had their pure immune programs inactivated. The micro organism have been then uncovered to phages and different infective parts to see if the transplanted defense system was a viable one. Out of the varied programs the researchers examined, 10 strongly protected the lab micro organism from an infection, thus figuring out them as new immune defense programs.

Sorek says that between the varied levels of pc evaluation and the experimentation, the study required the intensive effort of six individuals working for 2 years in his lab. The study was led by Dr. Shany Doron and Sarah Melamed, with the intensive involvement of Gal Ofir, Dr. Azita Leavitt, Dr. Anna Lopatina and Dr. Gil Amitai. The workforce took to assembly each different week for a “defense council” to debate the totally different arms of the analysis and the defense mechanisms they’d found.

The researchers nonetheless do not know the way the new bacterial immune programs operate, and some in keeping with Sorek, “seem to have surprising functions that we are now starting to investigate.” One of those programs accommodates Toll-Interleukin Receptor (or TIR) domains. TIR domains have been already recognized to be concerned in immune programs — however till not that of microorganisms. These domains are an integral a part of the human immune system and even that of vegetation, however they’d by no means earlier than been proven in micro organism to be concerned in anti-viral defense. “Our findings show that some of the important parts of our own immune system have deep evolutionary roots in the bacterial immunity mechanisms,” says Sorek.

Other genes appeared to have been “borrowed” from non-defensive bacterial programs. One of them, for instance, is understood from the flagella that micro organism use to swim. These genes present the flagella with vitality by enabling them to absorb protons; one among the new defense programs present in Sorek’s lab makes use of these genes it its safety in opposition to phages. Another one, referred to as condensin, typically protects the DNA throughout cell division, and the researchers found a defense system that makes use of elements of the condensin mechanism to guard micro organism in opposition to the invasion of plasmids — tiny rings of DNA that may parasitize the bacterial cells.

“The fact that we managed to find 10 new bacterial defense systems implies there are even more out there,” says Sorek. “My lab is continuing to search for new ones. In addition, we are starting to focus on several of the more promising ones to understand how they function.”

Sorek says that the new discoveries are thrilling due to the new home windows they supply on the evolution of immune programs and the everlasting battle between viruses and the organisms they infect. But he additionally believes that some might transform highly effective tools for organic analysis: “Every immune system, by definition, needs to target invading elements in a very specific yet flexible way, and we can use this targeting for biotechnological purposes — as we’ve done with CRISPR and with restriction enzymes before it. Any one of the new systems we found might be the next gene-editing tool — or perhaps even the foundation of even more exciting molecular tools,” says Sorek.

Story Source:

Materials supplied by Weizmann Institute of Science. Note: Content could also be edited for type and size.

[moraymareyesgil-blog]

Morayma Reyes, Saving Lives Is About Supporting Education

Education has long been, and will continue to be, one of the most important institutions in our modern society. Of course, this includes both public and private schools that children and parents rely on to help students get into higher education. At the university and post-graduate levels, support for educational institutions becomes even more important because many schools rely on significant donations and endowments from a variety of sources in order to conduct research, as well as educate the next generation of scientists, political leaders, and thought-leaders that our nation relies on to move us forward. What about after post-graduate education is through? Many people believe that one’s “education” is over as soon as they have graduated, but this couldn’t be farther from the truth. Now more than ever, it is important to fund research institutions in order to make further breakthroughs in all areas of science.

Morayma Reyes-Gil is a practicing Anatomic Pathology Researcher and doctor currently working in the United States. Much of her medical career has been focused on carrying out clinical research in a wide range of medical fields, of which receiving grants from various organizations has made her work possible. She graduated with a double major in biology and chemistry from the University of Puerto Rico and was then invited to the Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC) program in order to continue her work. This experience and her continued work made it very clear that medical research is the foundation upon which physician treatment and practice relies.

Because of this, she continued her career, enrolling in an M.D./Ph.D. program at the University of Minnesota, where she was awarded a pre-doctoral fellowship and completed a thesis related to mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow. Thanks to the educational support she has received, she has been able to broaden her research to cover a number of important medical fields, including muscular dystrophy, stem cell and regenerative medicine, cancer, microbiology, and hematology, with a focus on coagulation and bleeding disorders.

You can find more information for Dr. Morayma Reyes on Pinterest. She is currently working as the new Director for Hematology and Coagulation Labs at Montefiore Medical Center, where they conduct and facilitate clinical research procedures as well as new research in some of medicine’s most exciting prospective fields. Without the support of research grants and other types of educational funding, none of this would be possible. That means losing potentially life saving medical treatments, medicines, therapies, and technologies. In terms of the future of medicine, it is important that we realize there needs to be ongoing support for such important research.

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

What are the Houses of Gallifrey?

This is quite a long post. Strap in; learning is fun.

House Structure and Servants

Gallifreyans are born into one of the Houses of Gallifrey. Each person is a 'cousin' of their House, which is led by a Kithriarch, typically chosen by the previous leader.

[left: a Drudge; right: the Doctor's personal avatroid, named Badger]

Sentient Houses: These ancient, sentient structures have furniture that sometimes needs training to behave and paintings that whisper at passersby. As if your Gallifreyan childhood wasn't already creepy enough.

Drudges: Massive humanoid servants controlled by the Housekeeper. They're made of non-living, wood-like material and help maintain the House and its inhabitants.

Avatroids: Robotic beings originally from the planet Ava, they were effectively enslaved by the Time Lords. They act as tutors, protectors and friends to individual children.

Looms: Each House has a Loom, which determines the genetic makeup of its cousins.

Housekeepers: These caretakers take vows to protect and maintain the House, using mirrors for surveillance. If they fail, their service ring will burn to ash.

Oldblood Houses

Oldblood Houses are the most traditional and resistant to change. Their cousins often only gain a second heart after their first regeneration, and some can be identified by small purple flecks in their eyes.

👑 House Rassilon (Prydon): Bearing the name of Gallifrey's most celebrated figure, this House's origins trace back to Castellan Fordfarding, when it was previously known as House of Fordfarding. With Rassilon's subsequent rise as a Gallifreyan hero, the family transformed into a Great House, and guess what happened next.

❤️ House Heartshaven (Prydon): Heartshaven was renowned for its exquisite vineyards and the coveted Hartshaven Wine, which it kept in a heavily reinforced wine cellar to protect it from earthquakes. In later years, it was abandoned and infested by pig rats for reasons unknown, but is the wine still there?

📚 House Lineacrux (Probably Prydon, possibly unaffiliated): Famed for its scholarly pursuits, Lineacrux is a bastion of Gallifreyan history and law, obsessed with stability and non-invention and filled with fuddy-duddys walking around pondering. Their loom makes the cousins have the appearance of extremely old and senile people; however, its members wield considerable influence, often serving as advisors within Gallifreyan society. They’ve been known to shy away from the limelight, not taking credit for their input.

🏞️ House Lungbarrow (Prydon): This House has had a - let's say - mixed history, and we're not blaming it all on the Doctor. It's located in the Southern Mountains on Mount Lung and overlooks the river Cadonflood. This House, with its members known as Lungbarrovians, was long a place of wealth and privilege. Then it wasn't. Let's just say it’s awkward.

💎 House Jadedreamers (Probably Patrex): This House has ties to the Sisterhood of Karn, embodying the House's mystical and elusive nature.

🏰 House Blyledge (Prydon or Cerulean): Not too much is known about Blyledge, though we know its dark, angular structure is surrounded by a walled garden of silver trees and sits on some random hill.

🔥 House Firebrand (?): Situated near Mount Cadon, Firebrand is believed to be extinct following the war between Lady Borusa and Lord Prydon.

💡House Goodlight (?): Goodlight was another House that fell during the War between Lady Borusa and Lord Prydon.

🔬 House Arpexia (Probably Arcal): The bastion of scientific fundamentalism on Gallifrey, Arpexia is renowned for its unwavering dedication to logic and doesn't like emotions. This House's innovative spirit has birthed countless experimental time travel capsules, intricate technologies and a bottomless armoury, though sometimes at the cost of stability. Their biggest rivals are House Xianthellipse.

🏛️ House Brightshore (Prydon, could be unaffiliated though): Known more for its political clout and opulent wealth than for the scholarly pursuits of its members, Brightshore has carved out a reputation for producing influential Prydonians. This House's hallmark is a sense of entitlement that sets its cousins apart, often marking them as figures of considerable influence within Gallifreyan society – completely intolerable, but with cash.

🪞 House Mirraflex (Probably Prydon): Originating from the valorous General Mirraflex, this House is a testament to military might and strategic acumen. Known for birthing generals, enforcers, and strategists, Mirraflex members wear their supercilious entitlement like armour, viewing lesser species with disdain. Their aggressive defence of the Laws of Time is legendary, as is their deep-seated xenophobia, particularly towards Newblood Houses like Xianthellipse.

🌌 House Stillhaven (Prydon): Stillhaven's Patriarch dared to defy the Ultimate Sanction, and as punishment, the cousins had their memories erased and were used in experiments. Praise Rassilon!

⚖️ House Jurisprudence (Probably Prydon): Little is known about this House, but some of Gallifrey's legal minds and inquisitors hail from here, making it possibly known for its dedication to law and order.

🛞House Artronides (Maybe Arcal): Likely the House of the great engineer Time Lord Artron. It also produced a notable Commander of the Chancellory Guard.

🌲 House Bluewood (?): This House's contributions to Gallifreyan society aren't very significant. One time, they had their interests represented by K9 in diplomatic discussions, which tells you all you need to know.

🎲 House Urquineath (?): Known for its insignificance as the 'maven House of inconsequence' and 'holder of naught'. The Hussar's gambling led to the House driving into bankruptcy and obscurity. By the era of the Last Great Time War, House Urquineath had vanished. Shocker.

❓House of Dellatrovellas (Probably Patrex): One of the oldest and most noble and privileged Houses.

❓House Warpsmith (?): Once again, Warpsmith was a House that fell during the War between Lady Borusa and Lord Prydon. No more information is known.

❓House Witforge (Patrex): Produced probably the most infamous leader of the Celestial Intervention Agency.

❓House Neutronides (?): No longer in existence, with the most prolific member being a cow farmer. Might be Drome affiliated but not even sure even to guess.

❓House Wetrix (?): Your guess is as good as mine, but it does exist.

❓House Wetstone (?): Again, it's a thing. It produced the minor character Norvid (sorry, Norvid).

Newblood Houses

Newbloods come from newer Gallifreyan Houses, born with two hearts and have better control over regeneration than Oldbloods. They're more open to time-active cultures, which Oldbloods see as overambitious. Newblood Houses are fewer in number, and their members tend to be a bit more eccentric.

🐺 House Dvora (Originally Patrex, now Prydon): The first of the Newblood houses and by far the most successful, it likely came out of the House of Heartshaven. Its cousins are very self-assured, extremely practical and like to remain impersonal. It has a strict power structure that works on the premise of a wolf pack with a pack leader.

🛸 House Lolita (Probably unaffiliated): Founded by the 101-form timeship Lolita during the early years of the Time War, initially consisting only of Lolita and reserved for her timeship children.

🌳 House Oakdown (Prydon): A highly respected Newblood House allied with the Prydon Chapter. Known for its noble status and estates on Mount Perdition, characterised by fields of red grass. However, legendarily produced The Master. Whoops.

👠 House Tracolix (Maybe Scendeles, probably not): Known for its ambition and adaptability, often exploiting societal changes. They love to follow fashion trends and are also noted to be arrogant and reckless, just like that preppy guy/gal you've spent your entire life avoiding.

🧬 House Xianthellipse (Maybe Arcal): Known for its expertise in biology and biodata. Their experiments with biodiversity and 'war forms' made them a key player during the war, despite earning the animosity of traditionalist Houses, and eventually becoming physically indistinguishable from monsters. Their rivalry with House Arpexia was notable.

🧪 House Meddhoran (Maybe Arcal): Meddhoran's members were known for their unique biodata, interwoven with traits from lesser races  - an experiment by their parent House, Xianthellipse. This genetic gamble was considered to be a failure.

Oldblood/Newblood Unknown

These are Houses we can't be entirely sure of their status of old or newbloods.

❓House Hellfrost (?): A House that was totally devoted to Morbius.

❓House Duskeriall (Prydon or Mixed, likely Oldblood): All that's known is it produced one certifiably weak politician named Goth, and they liked doing experiments.

❓House Avarna (?): Absolutely nothing is known about this House.

❓House Gashani (?): Or this.

❓House Scarlet (Probably Prydon): Or even this.

Servitor and Caretaker Houses

The Plebeian Class, composed of Gallifreyans who aren't Time Lords, handle vital roles like guards, technicians, cooks, and musicians. They mostly live in the Capitol, with Mid Town bridging the Capitol and Low Town. These Houses are led by a Castellan (or Chatelaine, if female).

🏚️ House Catherion (?): Once a ruling house, House Catherion met a bloody end when a rogue babel massacred its cousins on one dark night. The event stopped further generations from being loomed, marking the House's decline into extinction.

🌄 House Ixion (Mixed): Situated at the edge of Gallifrey's civilised regions at the 'edge of the world', House Ixion's original family departed, leaving caretakers behind. Later, it became the base for the Order of the Weal, getting cousins from other houses who mainly served administrative roles. Rumours suggest it tampered with other Houses' Looms to produce mutants and renegades.

🍁 House Deeptree/Redlooms (Prydon): Deeptree/Redloom/whatever we're calling it these days is characterised by its servitor-class status, producing military. Known for its loyal yet maverick cousins, the house has a history of quelling Time Lord traitors and sharing tales of vampires with its children. Kinda suss, huh?

❓House of Everston (?): Yet another house with no details, all that's known is Romana was a custodian of it.

Not Recognised

These houses are not recognised by Gallifrey as existing, for various reasons.

😈 House Celestis (Unaffiliated): Originally the elite of the Celestial Intervention Agency, they transformed into conceptual entities beyond Gallifreyan biology in order to run away from a War. Sustained by belief, they fashioned themselves as deities, often appearing to lesser species in God-form and becoming amoral and somewhat intolerable in the process.

⌛ Faction Paradox (Unaffiliated): Faction Paradox, initially House Paradox, morphed from a Great House into a cult opposing Time Lord orthodoxy, engaging in temporal shenanigans and roping in lesser species. They deviated from Time Lord norms with their love for paradoxes and death rituals, leading to their eventual estrangement. I believe someone wrote a very long book about it. A splinter House from this is also House of the Seven Gables, which is literally just a man split into seven.

👤 House of Shadows (Unaffiliated): Rumours swirl around Gallifrey of clandestine House/s of Shadows, a place for those scarred by regeneration gone awry – incomplete transformations, insides turned out, or minds unaltered by new forms. The Black Nurseries might house the paradoxical youth trapped in perpetual childhood or monstrous forms within its rumoured walls. Despite modern Gallifreyan advancements (apparently) rendering such anomalies near extinct, whispers persist of the House's past and possibly concealed existence.

Other

🕰️ Nechronmancers (Originally Arcal, now unaffiliated): Nechronmancers are House of Arpexia dropouts, who challenge the very fabric of Time Lord society by denying the existence of time itself. They've renounced their names, genders, and pasts, they embrace a form of existence that defies conventional understanding. Their radical beliefs and practices make them social pariahs, yet their unique abilities to manipulate temporal states hint at powers beyond the grasp of ordinary Time Lords. However, it's not known whether this group formed their own House structure. They may also be related to Faction Paradox. Wild.

Whoniverse Facts for Friday by GIL

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

How old was the oldest time lord?

How old was the oldest Time Lord?

This is one of those "it depends" questions:

👑 Rassilon

The record holder for age is probably Rassilon, who's been lingering in various forms for at least 10 million years, probably even a billion. However, there are big question marks over how much of that time was spent using all sorts of trickery and tech to extend his physical and mental lifespan, so it isn't exactly natural or reliable.

🎓 Professor Chronotis

If we ignore those who used such dubious methods, another contender enters the ring: Professor Chronotis, aka Salyavin. He lived to 12,000-13,000 years (impressive, even for a Time Lord) and retired peacefully on Earth, without reportedly dabbling in any artificial life-extension techniques.

📜 Spanners in the Works

Then there's this wild claim from a Time Lord named Handrel, who stated that each incarnation could live for up to 10,000 years, meaning a potential lifespan of 130,000. But in reality, we've never seen any Time Lord naturally reach that number.

Of course, we can't forget to mention the Timeless Child, who could potentially be over a billion years old—though for any kind of conclusive answer to that, you'll have to consult Professor Chibnall.

🏫 So ...

Rassilon technically holds the record for just refusing to die, but if you're after a more 'natural' example, Professor Chronotis, at around 12,000-13,000 years old, takes the crown.

Related:

🤔|🧬👵How do Gallifreyans age?

📺|🧬👵Converting Gallifreyan Age to Human Years

💬|👤👑Why is Rassilon everywhere?: Who Rassilon is and why he’s so important.

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

How long can a bonded time lord be away from their TARDIS?

How long can a bonded Time Lord be away from their TARDIS?

The bond between a Time Lord and their TARDIS is incredibly strong, facilitated by something known as Rassilon's Imprimatur. This bond is crucial for safe and effective time travel, creating a deep symbiotic connection between the Time Lord and their TARDIS. And let's not forget that the TARDIS is a sentient being with its own feelings, which adds an emotional layer.

While there isn't much information established for how long a Time Lord can be separated from their TARDIS, we can infer a few things:

⏳ Short-Term Separation

Time Lords often go on adventures or missions without their TARDIS for days, weeks, or even months without apparent harm. During these short-term separations, the bond remains intact without any negative effects.

🕒 Long-Term Separation

Prolonged separation, however, could potentially weaken the bond or have other adverse effects. The TARDIS might become more difficult to pilot, and the Time Lord could experience symptoms similar to those caused by damage to their symbiotic nuclei—such as disorientation or other kinds of physical and mental discomfort.

However, if the Time Lord didn't 'inform' the TARDIS before leaving, the TARDIS would probably feel worried or annoyed. When they return, the TARDIS might choose to display its annoyance, like a slightly bumpy landing, closing internal doors in the Time Lord's face, or purposely rearranging corridors so the Time Lord has to walk half a mile to the toilet.

🚨 Critical Situations

In extreme cases, where a Time Lord is separated from their TARDIS for decades or longer, it's possible that the bond could deteriorate a bit. The TARDIS could become less responsive or more prone to malfunction, and the Time Lord might experience significant physical or mental effects. Though this is speculative, as we've seen some Time Lords return to their TARDIS after extended periods and be fine.

It's also possible that the TARDIS might be angry or distant upon their return, needing some time, a nice deep clean, or a lovely trip to an exotic star system to mend the relationship.

🏫 So ...

While there's no hard and fast rule on how long a bonded Time Lord can be away from their TARDIS, short-term separations seem to be harmless. However, long-term separations could potentially weaken the bond and cause issues, especially if the TARDIS was just left without explanation. The exact effects would likely depend on the strength of the individual bond, the circumstances of their separation, and probably whether the TARDIS feels properly appreciated upon their return.

Related:

💬|🧬🛸How does TARDIS symbiosis work for individuals and groups?: Details on this special Time Lord-TARDIS connection.

💬|🛸🧑‍✈️How to locate a TARDIS pilot: Guide for locating a pilot or other crew members using the TARDIS.

💬|🛸🧑‍✈️What roles would six Time Lords have in piloting a TARDIS?: How having six pilots would work.

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

What happens to a TARDIS when its bonded time lord passes away?

What happens to a TARDIS when its bonded Time Lord passes away?

The bond between a TARDIS and its Time Lord is very co-dependant - one literally can't function without the other. When that connection gets suddenly severed by the death of a Time Lord, the TARDIS can react in various ways, depending on the strength of their relationship.

🖤 Mourning and Grief

When their Time Lord dies, many TARDISes actually go through a mourning period. In some cases, this grief is so intense that the TARDIS can't keep going - there are stories of TARDISes ending their existence by hurling themselves into the Time Vortex or flying into a sun, unable to bear the loss of their pilot. There are rumours of something of an 'elephant's graveyard' for TARDISes at the end of time, filled with the shells of TARDISes who have ended themselves in this way.

💔 Loneliness vs. Indifference

However, not all TARDISes respond to the death of their pilot with mourning. Some, due to the nature of their bond or their individual personalities, may seek out a new pilot relatively quickly. This could be driven by a sense of aimlessness, an instinctual need for companionship, or even indifference, depending on how their previous pilot treated them. Because although I say that it's co-dependent, the Time Lord is always holding the reins, and some Time Lords just don't treat their TARDISes with the same respect and love the Doctor does.

🏫 So ...

Ultimately, a TARDIS's response to the death of its Time Lord varies greatly depending on the depth of their relationship and the personality of the TARDIS.

Related:

🤔|🛸🧬The Life Cycle of a TARDIS: How TARDISes are born, grow, and die.

💬|🛸🧬Do we have any info on TARDIS biology?: Overview of TARDIS biological aspects.

💬|🛸👽Could a Time Lord and a TARDIS be in a relationship?: Potential relationships twixt Time Lord and TARDIS and the intimacy of the symbiotic connection.

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

I would assume the rapid cell healing involved with regeneration would pose some pretty high risks for mutations and other anomalies. How would a Gallifreyan prevent things like cancer or other genetic disorders during this process? Could they even be prevented or would they have to be treated medically after the regeneration has settled?

How do Gallifreyans prevent mutations and disorders during regeneration?

There's one very good reason, and it's called ...

🛠️ Lindos Cells

During regeneration, lindos cells are the MVP, as they're the cells that instigate regeneration and guide the body through the process. During regeneration, they follow a 'template' encoded in the Gallifreyan's biomorphic field (a kind of 'aura'). This template acts like a detailed IKEA instruction manual (but actually useful), guiding the body to rebuild itself according to an established set of instructions.

In the hours after regeneration, lindos is still active and patrols the body like overzealous mall cops, identifying and destroying any rogue or mutated cells that don't fit the template. As a result, Gallifreyans have little room for anomalies like cancer, simply because mutated cells don't last long enough to duplicate. Gallifreyan biology just doesn't have the patience for that.

❓ Do Anomalies Still Happen?

While anomalies are fairly rare, regeneration isn't foolproof.

🌌 Environmental Disruptions: Hazardous conditions like temporal rifts or radiation could throw regeneration into a mess, interfering with lindos and artron functions.

🔥 Lindos Burnout: Lindos cells are finite. Each regeneration uses up a portion, and over time reserves can dwindle. By the 11th regeneration, bodies might become less stable.

🧬 Coding Problems: Regeneration is chaotic by nature, and 'bit errors' in the DNA can occur. While usually minor/surface level, they occasionally result in significant anomalies like organ quirks, disrupted telepathy, or physical irregularities.

🩺 Treatment Options for Post-Regenerative Anomalies

(We're told sod all about Gallifreyan medicine, but let's speculate.)

😴 Healing Coma: After regeneration, Gallifreyans often enter a healing coma—a self-imposed nap where the body does all the heavy lifting to stabilise itself. Lindos cells work overtime during this phase, ensuring the new body aligns perfectly with its genetic template. This phase is critical for ironing out any post-regenerative quirks.

📐 Template Realignment: Advanced tech could nudge a body back into alignment with its biodata template, smoothing out irregularities.

💉 Artron and Lindos Therapy: Boosting artron/lindos levels would stabilise the body and repair damage.

🧪 Ongoing Monitoring: Gallifreyan medics could use ridiculously advanced diagnostics to catch even the subtlest imbalances and correct them.

🏫 So ...

Gallifreyan regeneration is incredible, but let's not pretend it's perfect. Traumatic regenerations, dodgy environments, and dwindling Lindos reserves mean that anomalies and instability can creep in, especially as they reach the end of their regeneration cycle.

The moral of the story is even Time Lords can't cheat biology forever. They're just better at doing it for longer.

Related:

💬|🧬🤐What's the structure of Gallifreyan DNA?: How their DNA is structured including the fourth strand, Rassilon’s Strand.

💬|🍼🧬Can Gallifreyan-Human hybrids inherit genetic diseases?: Deep dive on the inheritance of various types of genetic disorders.

💬|🧬🧫Splicing and unsplicing in lindos production: A theoretical look at how lindos may be able to unsplice.

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features:⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

Could a tardis and a timelord be in a relationship?

Could a Time Lord and a TARDIS be in a relationship?

Well, the short answer is they already kind of are. Time Lords and their TARDISes share one of the most intimate bonds in the universe—Rassilon's Imprimatur—a symbiotic link that someone once described as 'almost sexual in its intimacy.'

🧬 Rassilon's Imprimatur

The Imprimatur provides a deep connection that allows a Time Lord to properly pilot a TARDIS, and they need each other. The TARDIS literally can't function without the Time Lord's DNA, and you can't really call yourself a Lord of Time without a fully operational TARDIS. When this bond is disrupted, both the Time Lord and the TARDIS can suffer, from mild headaches to severe mental and physiological distress.

🤖 Physical Compatibility

Now, here's where it gets interesting: later models of TARDISes are far more sentient than earlier models and can take proper humanoid forms. This introduces a more tangible element to the relationship, blurring the lines between a deep emotional connection and something more practical.

🩶 Grey Areas

But if we're talking about the earlier models, it's a different story. Sure, they're bonded on a genetic level, but deepening that relationship gets ethically grey. The level of sentience in earlier TARDISes varies, and their forms are a bit more limited, so developing romantic connections is just a bit odd.

But hey, some humans have married objects/machines, and most TARDISes are utterly devoted to their pilot, so even if they can't say no, they're totally happy with it, right? 🤔Right? 😐

🏫 So ...

Yes, they're already bonded on an emotional and symbiotic level, but whether it's a relationship more as humans define it depends on the TARDIS's model and the actions of its connected Time Lord.

Related:

💬|🛸👽Can a non-Gallifreyan benefit from a symbiotic bond with a TARDIS?: Non-Gallifreyan symbiosis with a TARDIS.

💬|🛸👶What does a baby TARDIS look like?: Very wild guesswork as to what a baby TARDIS might appear like.

💬|🛸🧑‍✈️What roles would six Time Lords have in piloting a TARDIS?: How having six pilots would work.

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

can you explain the aging of time lords/gallifreyans? like how old is an infant/toddler/child/adolescent/adult/elder?

How old are each of the Gallifreyan life stages?

👶 Infants and Toddlers (0-8 years): Typical appearance of young children, with physical growth and development at a similar rate to human infants and toddlers.

🧒 Children (8-16 years): If born, they look their age, similar to human children. If loomed, they may appear older, around 18 years old.

🧑 Teenagers (16-100 years): They look like a typical human teenager, around 16-18 years old, and stay that way through 16-100.

🧑‍🎓 Young Adult (100-200 years): Resemble young adults, typically looking 18-25 years old.

🧔 Mature Adults (200-500 years): Look like mature adults, appearing 25-40 years old.

🧓 Late Adults (500-800 years): Appear to be in their late adulthood, around 40-60 years old.

👴 Elders (800-900 years): Resemble elders, looking 60-90 years old.

🧓 Late Elders (900-1000 years): Appear very elderly, looking 90+ years old.

👵 Very Late Elders (1000+ years): They increasingly shrink and become extremely wizened and weak.

💥Regeneration

On regeneration, most Gallifreyans will return to looking like mature adults, although that's not a hard and fast rule.

Related:

🤔|🧬👵How do Gallifreyans age?

📺|🧬👵Converting Gallifreyan Age to Human Years

💬|🧬👵How old was the oldest Time Lord?: Some of the most long-lived Time Lords in history (and future!).

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

i’m still fascinated by the gallifreyan chapter system? what if someone had a passion for both the sciences and the arts. can people do jobs outside of their typical chapter? Like what if you’re in Patrex and are really passionate about neurology! What do you do then! Or would you just get sent off to Scendeles then? The color coded robes too, no variation in hue or value? Patrex especially is limited specifically to heliotrope (there’s gotta be some goth Patrexite? Patrexian? Member of Patrex who went all gothic and dyed their robes darker. Not novice black. but darker). Also the whole Show Those Babies the Void of Time. But that’s just time lord weird and not Wow This Is A Real Convoluted System And Why sort of weird. though it doesn’t help. Though now i’m wondering if some chapters are more prone to run or not, and how you know if a time lord was / would be / is the sort to run Gallifrey, you had /have/ will have some weird school plans. Good on ye.

Gallifreyan Chapter System: Can you defy your path?

Here, we need to look at the regimentality of Gallifreyan society. While it might seem like young Gallifreyans are sorted into Chapters like some space version of a Sorting Hat, there's no 'hat' making choices—it's all biological.

🧬 Born Into Your Role

First off, Time Lord society is incredibly regimented. Gallifreyans are literally born with predetermined skills and traits, hardwired by their Houses and Looms to excel in certain areas. Imagine if both your parents were concert violinists, and they programmed you to become one, too. That's the kind of predetermined destiny Gallifreyans face when it comes to their Chapter.

So could you pursue a different path? Technically, yes—but your House and Chapter will have something to say about it. If you suddenly decide you want to delve into the sciences and not play the violin, this would be seen as biologically odd—like, why is your genetic programming off? It's a little like biological rebellion—and Time Lords hate rebellion. Your Chapter and House might raise some eyebrows, or worse—if you stray too far and whatever you do isn't good enough for the House, you might be seen as a renegade or be disowned entirely.

👗 Robe Colour Variations

Speaking of regimentation—there's probably no wiggle room with the robes if you're a kid, either. Chapters are strictly colour-coded, and if you dare to dye your robes black or darker for schoolwear, you're essentially marking yourself as anarchic and possibly disrespectful of your House and Chapter.

As an adult, you have more leeway with this, though the vibrancy of the colour and the amount of layers you wear is linked to your importance.

🏫 So ...

Ultimately, Time Lord society is all about doing your job, fitting your role, and ensuring the system runs smoothly. There's little room for deviation, and anyone stepping too far outside their predetermined path is seen as anarchic. You might be able to follow a passion outside your Chapter, but don’t expect everyone to be on board with it—and whatever you do, make sure your new path is respectable. Anything less, and you might find yourself disowned by your House, and family.

Do Chapter traits affect how kids respond to the Untempered Schism?

Some Chapter traits might influence the response in little ways, but it will be down to the individual child as to how they respond. For example, if you're from Arcal, your natural curiosity about technology will probably make you a bit more inspired, but if you're naturally a bit nervy, the flight instinct might overrule.

Related:

💬|⏰👠What's an average Gallifreyan outfit like?: Deeper look at Gallifreyan clothing norms.

🤔|🏡🧩How do Gallifreyan Houses influence abilities and traits?

📺|🏡👪What are the Houses of Gallifrey?

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

How would living with heavily reduced artron count for some time affect a time lord? Are there ways to gain more artron energy other than being gifted it by the high council?

How would living with a heavily reduced artron count affect a Time Lord?

First, let's clarify: the High Council probably didn't gift artron energy, they likely gifted lindos*. Lindos is the cell type tied exclusively to regeneration. Artron energy, on the other hand, is abundant, easily replenishable, and as common in the vortex as my own bad life decisions.

Lindos is regeneration-exclusive. Every Time Lord has an allotted amount that runs out after 12 regenerations.

Artron, however, is involved in a lot more—it's involved in healing, ageing, and immune and psionic systems and is the catalyst for lindos activation during regeneration. It's easily replenished.

🩺Physical Effects of Chronic Hypoartronosis

Living with reduced artron energy for a long time is chronic hypoartronosis, which is pretty devastating:

💤 Fatigue and Dizziness: Without artron, every cell in the body struggles to keep the lights on. They'll feel perpetually exhausted.

🛠️ Impaired Healing and Weak Immunity: That paper cut will stick around for weeks and may get easily infected.

💙 Cyanosis and Circulatory Strain: Blue is a lovely colour, but not when it's your skin tone. Low artron disrupts oxygenation.

🤕 Easy Bruising and Injury: Even a gentle shoulder tap could leave them covered in bruises.

🚽 Infrequent Urination (Yellow): Artron's orange, and it makes Gallifreyan pee orange. Lack of artron will show up in urine colour as yellow.

🧠 Cognitive Decline: Confusion, poor judgment, and delirium. Eventually, the lights go out—permanently.

Chronic hypoartronosis develops when a Gallifreyan can't replenish their artron energy fast enough to meet the demands of their body. This can result from prolonged isolation from the Time Vortex/their TARDIS, kidney dysfunction, or a sudden drain caused by external factors, like excessive psionic use or prolonged injury recovery.

🌀 Impact on Regeneration

Artron is required for lindos activation. Without it, regeneration goes from miraculous rebirth to an actual nightmare:

❌ Incomplete Regenerations: Missing limbs, organs, or other vital features are very possible.

⚠️ Total Failure: In extreme cases, no artron means no lindos activation—so no regeneration at all.

🔋How Can a Time Lord Replenish Artron Energy?

Thankfully, artron energy isn't finite, and Time Lords have multiple ways to get it:

🌌 The Time Vortex: Time Lords (and humans) absorb artron naturally while travelling through the Vortex.

🍎 Dietary Intake: Foods and fluids help the body synthesise artron.

🧬 Kidney Function: Gallifreyan kidneys convert glucose and exotic nutrients into artron energy. As long as they're working, there's a steady supply.

🚀 TARDIS Assistance: A TARDIS can share its artron reserves with its Time Lord.

🩸Blood Transfusions: Getting transfused blood from another Gallifreyan would help with short-term regulation (⚠️Warning: Blood must come from them or someone from their House to be compatible).

💉 Artron Therapy (Speculative): Advanced Gallifreyan tech might include direct artron infusions or exposure to controlled artron fields. Be warned—this probably involves at least three forms of paperwork.

What About Lindos?

Unlike artron, lindos is finite, and replenishing it isn't easy:

🎩The High Council: As seen, they might gift it if your companion's convincing enough.

🔮The Sisterhood of Karn: They might be able to whip up a potion, assuming you're desperate enough to ask and they're in the mood to help.

🕵️‍♂️Stealing from Other Time Lords: You could just grab someone else's lindos to get more bodies. However, they'll notice.

We know of nowhere else you can get lindos (currently).

🏫So ...

Chronic hypoartronosis would leave a Time Lord drained, physically fragile, and unable to regenerate properly—or at all. While artron can be replenished through natural sources like time travel, diet, or a TARDIS, lindos is way harder to get.

*The functions of artron and lindos are seriously mixed up in Doctor Who lore. GIL's spent an embarrassing amount of time piecing together conflicting sources, and this explanation harmonises them in a way that seamlessly fits them all together. While I can't claim this is canonical, it's as close to cohesive logic as it will get.

Related:

💬|✨⚡Can regenerative energy be transferred?: Notes on the transfer of regenerations, both mechanical and natural.

💬|🧬⚡How to track and manage artron levels?: How artron levels can be tracked and managed, plus symptoms of hypo/hyperartronosis and first-line treatment.

💬|🧬💀Are Gallifreyans immortal?: Whether Gallifreyans are functionally immortal, and what other species are functionally immortal.

Hope that helped! 😃

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features: ⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴